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HV/MV/LV Transformer Protection Schemes

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HV/MV/LV Transformer Protection Schemes

Transformer protection //
Transformer protection should take into account the power, voltage, vector group and the importance of the unit
within a particular system. Depending on these factors, the transformers can be assigned to one of the two groups:
MV/LV transformers
HV/MV/LV transformers and autotransformers

MV/LV transformers
The protection of these units should include overcurrent protection for both the MV and LV windings, plus devices
such as overpressure protection (e.g. Buchholz surge), and thermal protection, as indicated in Figure 1 below.
Typical ratios for inter- busbar MV/LV transformers at substations are 33/11, 34.5/13.2 and 13.2/4.16 kV.
Figure 1 Protection scheme for MV/LV transformer

Go back to
Transformer Groups

HV/MV/LV
transformers and
autotransformers
In addition to the
protection listed for the
MV/LV transformers,
the protection for
transformers in this
group should include
overall differential
protection, which is
essential because of
its reliability and high
speed of operation. In
this case, shown in
Figure 2, since the
transformer has three
windings, a three
terminal type of
differential protection
is required.
The diagram also
includes the
differential busbar
protection, which is
usually installed on
large transformers
connected to HV
busbars. As the
transformer has an LV
winding, overcurrent
protection for this
winding has been
included as well.

Typical ratios
for HV/MV
transformers are: 132/33, 145/ 11, 132/11, 115/34.5 and 115/13.2 kV.

Figure 3 Protection schematic for an HV/MV/LV transformer

It is common to
use
autotransformers
where large
powers are
involved and the
voltage ratio is
around 2:1.
Typical ratios for
autotransformers
are 275/132 kV
and 230/115 kV.
The protection
schemes for
autotransformers
are very similar to
those for
HV/MV/LV
transformers since
autotransformers
can be treated as
three winding
units for
protection
purposes.
The protection for
this type of
transformer is
essentially the
same as that
quoted in the
previous
paragraph, taking
into account the
modifications to
the overcurrent
relay connections
(see Figure 2).
Go back to
Transformer
Groups
Reference // Protection of Electricity Distribution Networks Juan M. Gers and Edward J. Holmes