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Transitioning To IPv6 - 021-CN PDF
Transitioning To IPv6 - 021-CN PDF
Transitioning to IPv6
Quick Learning Module
2 0 0 8 C is c o S y s t e m s , In c . A ll r ig h t s r e s e r v e d .
T r a n s i t i o n i n g t o I P v 6 1
Objectives
Explain how IPv6 affec ts c om m on rou ting protoc ols and the
nec es s ary m odific ations that y ou need to m ak e to thes e protoc ols
Explain trans ition s trateg ies for im plem enting IPv6
T r a n s i t i o n i n g t o I P v 62
D es cr i b e the f or ma t of the I P v 6 a d d r es s
C on f i g u r e I P v 6 w i th R ou ti n g I n f or ma ti on P r otocol n ex t g en er a ti on (R I P n g )
thr ou g h a n I P v er s i on 4 (I P v 4 ) n etw or k
2 0 0 8 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d .
T r a n s i t i o n i n g t o I P v 6 3
a r y v a lu e, w hi ch ca n b e d i s p la y ed a s 3 2
the f i g u r e. I t p r ov i d es 3 .4 ti mes 1 0 to the 3 8 th
a d d r es s i n g s hou ld p r ov i d e s u f f i ci en t a d d r es s es
.
l a n d b u s i n es s p oten ti a l, I P
d r es s es . B eca u s e of i ts g en
i r tu a lly u n li mi ted s tock of
ti r e I P v 4 I n ter n et a d d r es s s
v 6 of f er s a v i r tu a lly
er ou s 1 2 8 -b i t a d d r es s
a d d r es s es en ou g h to
p a ce to ev er y on e on the
I P v6 A d va n ced F ea tu r es
L arg er addres s s pac e
S im pler header
R ou ting efficiency
M u ltihom ing
P lu g -and-p lay
N o check s u m s
R enu m bering
F low labels
A u toconfig u ration
N o broadcas ts
E nd-to-end w ithou t N A T
I P s ec m andatory ( or nativ e)
for I P v 6
20 0 8 C i s c o S y s t e m s , I n c . A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d .
T r a n s i t i o n i n g t o I P v 64
IPv6 is a powerful enhancement to IPv4. Several features in IPv6 offer functional improvements, includ ing the following :
Larger address space, including:
Improved g lob al reachab ility and flex ib ility
T he ag g reg ation of prefix es that are announced in routing tab les
M ultihoming to several ISPs
A utoconfig uration that can includ e d ata link lay er ad d resses in the ad d ress space
Plug -and -play options
Pub lic-to-private read d ressing end -to-end without N etwork A d d ress T ranslation ( N A T )
Simplified mechanisms for ad d ress renumb ering and mod ification
A sim pler h eader, including:
B etter routing efficiency for performance and forward ing -rate scalab ility
N o b road casts and thus no potential threat of b road cast storms
N o req uirement for processing check sums
Simpler and more efficient ex tension head er mechanisms
F low lab els for per-flow processing with no need to open a transport inner pack et to id entify the various traffic
flows
M o b ilit y and securit y , to help comply with mob ile IP and IP Security ( IPsec) stand ard s functionality . M ob ility enab les
people with mob ile network d evicesmany with wireless connectivity to move around within network s.
M ob ile IP is an Internet E ng ineering T ask F orce ( IE T F ) stand ard that is availab le for b oth IPv4 and IPv6. T he
stand ard enab les mob ile d evices to move without b reak s in estab lished network connections. B ecause IPv4 d oes
not automatically provid e this k ind of mob ility , y ou must ad d it with ad d itional config urations.
In IPv6, mob ility is b uilt in, which means that any IPv6 nod e can use mob ility when necessary . T he routing
head ers of IPv6 mak e mob ile IPv6 much more efficient for end nod es than mob ile IPv4.
IPsec is the IE T F stand ard for IP network security , availab le for b oth IPv4 and IPv6. A lthoug h the functionalities
are essentially id entical in b oth environments, IPsec is mand atory in IPv6. IPsec is enab led on every IPv6 nod e and
is availab le for use, mak ing the IPv6 Internet more secure. IPsec also req uires k ey s for each party , which implies a
g lob al k ey d eploy ment and d istrib ution.
F inally , t ransit io n rich ness: T here are several way s to incorporate ex isting IPv4 capab ilities with the ad d ed features of IPv6.
O ne approach is to implement a d ual-stack method , with b oth IPv4 and IPv6 config ured on the interface of a
network d evice.
T unneling is another techniq ue that should b ecome more prominent as the ad option of IPv6 g rows. T here is a
variety of IPv6-over-IPv4 tunneling method s. Some method s req uire manual config uration, while others are
d y namic.
C isco IO S R elease 1 2 .3 ( 2 ) T and later also includ e N etwork A d d ress T ranslation-Protocol T ranslation ( N A T -PT )
b etween IPv6 and IPv4. T his translation allows d irect communication b etween hosts that use d ifferent versions of
the IP protocol.
S u cces s iv e fields of z eros can be rep res ented as : : only once p er addres s .
E x amp l e s :
2 0 3 1 :0 0 0 0 :1 3 0 F :0 0 0 0 :0 0 0 0 :0 9 C 0 :8 7 6 A :1 3 0 B
F F 0 1 :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :1
0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :1
0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :0
20 0 8 C i s c o S y s t e m s , I n c . A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d .
::1
::
F F 0 1 ::1
F F 0 1 :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :0 :1
T r a n s i t i o n i n g t o I P v 65
A n a d d r es s p a r s er i d en ti f i es the n u mb er of mi s s i n g z er os b y s ep a r a ti n g the tw o
p a r ts a n d en ter i n g 0 u n ti l the 1 2 8 b i ts a r e comp lete. I f tw o : : n ota ti on s a r e p la ced
i n the a d d r es s , ther e i s n o w a y to i d en ti f y the s i z e of ea ch b lock of z er os .
I P v6 A d d r ess T y p es
Unicast
M u l ticast
O ne -to -m any .
E nab l e s m o r e e f f icie nt u se o f th e ne tw o r k .
Use s a l ar g e r ad d r e ss r ang e .
A ny cast
u nicast ad d r e ss sp ace ) .
se r v ice .
T r a n s i t i o n i n g t o I P v 66
I P v6 U n ica st A d d r essin g
T hes e are ty pes of IPv6 u nic as t addres s es .
U ns pec ified (: : )
20 0 8 C i s c o S y s t e m s , I n c . A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d .
T r a n s i t i o n i n g t o I P v 67
T here are several b asic ty pes of IPv6 unicast ad d resses: g lob al, reserved , private ( includ ing link -local) , loopb ack , and
unspecified .
T he IPv6 g lob al unicast ad d ress is eq uivalent to the IPv4 g lob al unicast ad d ress. A g lob al unicast ad d ress is an IPv6 ad d ress
from the g lob al unicast prefix . T he structure of g lob al unicast ad d resses enab les the ag g reg ation of routing prefix es, which
limits the numb er of routing tab le entries in the g lob al routing tab le. G lob al unicast ad d resses used on link s are ag g reg ated
upward throug h org aniz ations and eventually to the ISPs.
T he IE T F reserves a portion of the IPv6 ad d ress space for various uses, b oth present and future. R eserved ad d resses represent
1 / 2 5 6th of the total IPv6 ad d ress space. Some of the other ty pes of IPv6 ad d resses come from this b lock .
A b lock of IPv6 ad d resses is set asid e for private ad d resses, j ust as is in IPv4. T hese private ad d resses are local only to a
particular link or site and are never routed outsid e of a particular company network . Private ad d resses have a first octet value
of F E in hex ad ecimal notation, with the nex t hex ad ecimal d ig it b eing a value from 8 to F . T hese ad d resses are further
d ivid ed into ty pes b ased on their scope.
T he concept of link -local ad d resses is new to IPv6. T hese ad d resses have a smaller scope than site-local
ad d resses; they refer only to a particular phy sical link ( such as a phy sical network ) . R outers d o not forward
d atag rams using link -local ad d resses, not even within an org aniz ation; they are only for local communication on a
particular phy sical network seg ment.
T hese ad d resses are used for link communications such as automatic ad d ress config uration, neig hb or d iscovery ,
and router d iscovery . M any IPv6 routing protocols also use link -local ad d resses.
J ust as in IPv4, a provision is mad e for a special loopb ack IPv6 ad d ress for testing ; d atag rams sent to this ad d ress loop b ack
to the send ing d evice. H owever, in IPv6 there is j ust one ad d ress, not a whole b lock , for this function. T he loopb ack ad d ress is
0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 1 , which is normally ex pressed using z ero compression as : : 1 .
In IPv4, an IP ad d ress of all z eros has a special meaning ; it refers to the host itself, and is used when a d evice d oes not k now
its own ad d ress. In IPv6, this concept is formaliz ed , and the all-z eros ad d ress ( 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 : 0 ) is named the unspecified
ad d ress. It is ty pically used in the source field of a d atag ram that is sent b y a d evice that seek s to have its IP ad d ress
config ured . Y ou can apply ad d ress compression to this ad d ress; b ecause the ad d ress is all z eros, the ad d ress b ecomes j ust : : .
I P v6 G l o ba l U n ica st ( a n d A n y ca st)
A d d r esses
I P v 6 h as th e s ame ad d re s s f ormat f or g l ob al u n i c as t an d f or
an y c as t ad d re s s e s .
U s es a g lobal rou ting p refixa s tru ctu re that enables ag g reg ation u p w ard,
ev entu ally to the I S P .
A s ing le interface m ay be as s ig ned m u ltip le addres s es of any typ e
( u nicas t, anycas t, and m u lticas t) .
T r a n s i t i o n i n g t o I P v 68
G lob a l u n i ca s t a d d r es s es a r e d ef i n ed b y a g lob a l r ou ti n g p r ef i x , a s u b n et I D , a n d a n
i n ter f a ce I D . T he I P v 6 u n i ca s t a d d r es s s p a ce en comp a s s es the en ti r e I P v 6 a d d r es s
r a n g e, w i th the ex cep ti on of F F 0 0 : : / 8 (1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ), w hi ch i s u s ed f or mu lti ca s t
a d d r es s es . T he cu r r en t g lob a l u n i ca s t a d d r es s a s s i g n men t b y the I n ter n et A s s i g n ed
N u mb er s A u thor i ty (I A N A ) u s es the r a n g e of a d d r es s es tha t s ta r t w i th b i n a r y v a lu e
0 0 1 (2 0 0 0 : : / 3 ), w hi ch i s 1 / 8 of the tota l I P v 6 a d d r es s s p a ce a n d i s the la r g es t b lock
of a s s i g n ed b lock a d d r es s es .
A d d r es s es w i th a p r ef i x of 2 0 0 0 : : / 3 (0 0 1 ) thr ou g h E 0 0 0 : : / 3 (1 1 1 ) a r e r eq u i r ed to
ha v e 6 4 -b i t i n ter f a ce i d en ti f i er s i n the ex ten d ed u n i v er s a l i d en ti f i er (E U I )-6 4
f or ma t.
T he I A N A i s a lloca ti n g the I P v 6 a d d r es s s p a ce i n the r a n g es of 2 0 0 1 : : / 1 6 to the
r eg i s tr i es .
T he g lob a l u n i ca s t a d d r es s ty p i ca lly con s i s ts of a 4 8 -b i t g lob a l r ou ti n g p r ef i x a n d a
1 6 -b i t s u b n et I D . I n d i v i d u a l or g a n i z a ti on s ca n u s e a 1 6 -b i t s u b n et f i eld k n ow n a s a
S u b n et I D to cr ea te thei r ow n loca l a d d r es s i n g hi er a r chy a n d to i d en ti f y s u b n ets .
T hi s f i eld a llow s a n or g a n i z a ti on to u s e u p to 6 5 , 5 3 5 i n d i v i d u a l s u b n ets . F or mor e
i n f or ma ti on , r ef er to R F C 3 5 8 7 , IPv6 Global Unicast Address Format, w hi ch
r ep la ces R F C 2 3 7 4 .
L in k -L o ca l A d d r esses
L ink -local addres s es hav e a s cop e lim ited to the link and are dynam ically
created on all I P v 6 interfaces by u s ing a s p ecific link -local p refix F E 8 0 : : / 1 0
and a 6 4 -bit interface identifier.
L ink -local addres s es are u s ed for au tom atic addres s config u ration, neig hbor
dis cov ery, and rou ter dis cov ery. L ink -local addres s es are als o u s ed by m any
rou ting p rotocols .
L ink -local addres s es can s erv e as a w ay to connect dev ices on the s am e local
netw ork w ithou t needing g lobal addres s es .
W hen com m u nicating w ith a link -local addres s , you m u s t s p ecify the ou tg oing
interface becau s e ev ery interface is connected to F E 8 0 : : / 1 0 .
20 0 8 C i s c o S y s t e m s , I n c . A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d .
T r a n s i t i o n i n g t o I P v 69
IPv6 is defined on most of th e current data link lay er protocols, including th e follow ing:
E th ernet*
PPP
F D D I
T ok en R ing
A T M
F rame R elay
A nd IE E E 13 9 4
A n R F C describes th e beh avior of IPv6 in each of th ese specific data link lay ers, but C isco IO S
softw are does not necessarily support all of th em. T h e data link lay er defines h ow IPv6 interface
identifiers are created and h ow neigh bor discovery deals w ith data link lay er address resolution.
L a r g er A d d r ess S p a ce E n a bl es
A d d r ess A g g r eg a tio n
2001:0410:0001::/48
2001:0410:0002::/48
A d d re s s ag g re g ati on p rov i d e s th e f ol l ow i n g b e n e f i ts :
A g g reg ation of p refixes annou nced in the g lobal rou ting table
E fficient and s calable rou ting
I m p rov ed bandw idth and fu nctionality for u s er traffic
20 0 8 C i s c o S y s t e m s , I n c . A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d .
I P v 6 a lloca tes la r g e n
a g g r eg a tes a ll of the p
s i n g le p r ef i x to the I P
or g a n i z a ti on s to d ef i n
T r a n s i t i o n i n g t o I P v 61 0
u mb er s
r ef i x es
v 6 I n ter
ea s in g
of a d d r es s es to I S P s a n d or g a n i z a ti on s . A n I S P
of i ts cu s tomer s i n to a s i n g le p r ef i x a n d a n n ou n ces the
n et. T he i n cr ea s ed a d d r es s s p a ce i s s u f f i ci en t to a llow
le p r ef i x f or thei r en ti r e n etw or k .
A g g r eg a ti on of cu s tomer p r ef i x es r es u lts
S ca la b le r ou ti n g i s n eces s a r y to ex p a n d b
S ca la b le r ou ti n g a ls o i mp r ov es n etw or k b
tha t con n ects the v a r i ou s d ev i ces a n d a p p
i n a n ef f i ci en t a n d s ca la b le r ou ti n g ta b le.
r oa d er a d op ti on of n etw or k f u n cti on s .
a n d w i d th a n d f u n cti on a li ty f or u s er tr a f f i c
li ca ti on s .
10
A ssig n in g I P v6 G l o ba l U n ica st
A d d r esses
S tatic as s ig nm ent
D y nam ic as s ig nm ent
RouterX(config-if)
T r a n s i t i o n i n g t o I P v 61 1
Interface id entifiers in IPv6 ad d resses are used to id entify interfaces on a link . T hey can also b e thoug ht of as the host
portion of an IPv6 ad d ress. Interface id entifiers are req uired to b e uniq ue on a specific link . Interface id entifiers are alway s
64 b its and can b e d y namically d erived from a L ay er 2 med ia and encapsulation.
H ere are several way s to assig n an IPv6 ad d ress to a d evice:
Static assig nment using a manual interface ID
Static assig nment using an E U I-64 interface ID
Stateless autoconfig uration
D H C P for IPv6 ( D H C Pv6)
O ne way to statically assig n an IPv6 ad d ress to a d evice is to manually assig n b oth the prefix ( or network ) and interface ID ( or
host) portion of the IPv6 ad d ress. T o config ure an IPv6 ad d ress on a C isco router interface and enab le IPv6 processing on that
interface, use the ipv 6 address command in interface config uration mod e.
T he ex ample shows how to enab le IPv6 processing on the interface and config ure an ad d ress b ased on the d irectly specified
b its.
A nother way to statically assig n an IPv6 ad d ress is to config ure the prefix portion of the IPv6 ad d ress and d erive the interface
ID from the L ay er 2 M A C ad d ress of the d evice, k nown as the E U I-64 interface ID .
T o config ure an IPv6 ad d ress for an interface and enab le IPv6 processing on the interface using an E U I-64 interface ID in the
low-ord er 64 b its of the ad d ress ( or host) , use the ipv 6 address eui-6 4 command in interface config uration mod e.
T he ex ample assig ns an IPv6 ad d ress to E thernet interface 0 and uses an E U I-64 interface ID in the low ord er 64 b its of the
ad d ress.
A utoconfig uration, as the name implies, is a mechanism that automatically config ures the IPv6 ad d ress of a nod e. In IPv6, it is
assumed that b oth PC s and non-PC d evices are connected to a network . T he autoconfig uration mechanism was introd uced to
enab le plug -and -play network ing of these d evices and to help red uce ad ministrative overhead .
D H C P for IPv6 enab les D H C P servers to pass config uration parameters such as IPv6 network ad d resses to IPv6 nod es. It
automatically allocates reusab le network ad d resses and ad d itional config uration with flex ib ility . T his protocol is a stateful
counterpart to IPv6 stateless ad d ress autoconfig uration ( und er R F C 2 462 ) , and can b e used separately or concurrently with
IPv6 stateless ad d ress autoconfig uration to ob tain config uration parameters.
11
T r a n s i t i o n i n g t o I P v 6 1 2
T h e 6 4-bit interface identifier in an IPv6 address identifies a uniq ue interface on a link . A link
is a netw ork medium over w h ich netw ork nodes communicate using th e data link lay er. T h e
interface identifier can also be uniq ue over a broader scope. In many cases, an interface
identifier is th e same as, or is based on, th e data link lay er ( or M A C ) address of an interface.
A s in IPv4, a subnet prefix in IPv6 is associated w ith one link .
Interface identifiers in global unicast and oth er IPv6 address ty pes must be 6 4 bits long and
can be constructed in th e 6 4-bit E U I-6 4 format. T h e E U I-6 4 format interface ID is derived
from th e 48 -bit data link lay er ( M A C ) address by inserting th e h ex adecimal number F F F E
betw een th e upper th ree by tes ( or th e O rganiz ational U niq ue Identifier [ O U I] field) and th e
low er th ree by tes ( or serial number) of th e data link lay er address. T o indicate th at th e ch osen
address is from a uniq ue E th ernet M A C address, th e seventh bit in th e h igh -order by te is set to
1 ( eq uivalent to th e IE E E G/ L bit) to indicate th e uniq ueness of th e 48 -bit address.
T h e interface identifier for stateless autoconfiguration in an E th ernet environment uses th e
modified E U I-6 4 format. T h is format ex pands th e 48 -bit E th ernet M A C address format to a
6 4-bit version by inserting " F F F E " in th e middle of th e 48 bits. T h is creates a 6 4-bit version.
T h e seventh bit ( starting w ith th e leftmost bit as 1) in an IPv6 interface identifier is referred
to as th e U niversal/ L ocal bit, or U / L bit. T h is bit identifies w h eth er th is interface identifier is
locally uniq ue on th e link or th at it is universally uniq ue. In th e case w h ere th e interface
identifier is created from an E th ernet M A C address, it is assumed th at th e M A C address is
universally uniq ue and, th erefore, th e interface identifier is universally uniq ue.
T h e rationale of th e U / L bit is for future use of th e upper-lay er protocols to uniq uely identify a
connection, even in th e contex t of a ch ange in th e leftmost part of th e address. H ow ever, th is is
not y et used.
T h e eigh th bit ( starting w ith leftmost bit as 1) , also k now n as th e G bit, is a
group/ individual bit for managing groups.
12
R IPng ( R F C
O S PF v3 ( R F C
2 0 8 0 )
IS -IS f or IPv6
M P-B G P4
(R F C
2 7 4 0 )
E IG R P f or IPv6
2 5 4 5 /2 8 5 8 )
I P v 6 u s es lon g es t-p r ef
M a n y of the common
a d d r es s es a n d d i f f er en
f i g u r e a r e cu r r en tly a v
T r a n s i t i o n i n g t o I P v 6 1 3
13
R IPng ( R F C
2 0 8 0 )
S im il a r IPv4 f ea tures
2 0 0 8 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d .
T r a n s i t i o n i n g t o I P v 6 1 4
R ou ti n g I n f or ma ti on P r otocol n ex t g en er a ti on (R I P n g ) i s a d i s ta n ce v ector
r ou ti n g p r otocol w i th a li mi t of 1 5 hop s tha t u s es s p li t hor i z on a n d p oi s on
r ev er s e to p r ev en t r ou ti n g loop s . R I P n g i n clu d es the f ollow i n g f ea tu r es :
I s b a s ed on a n d i s s i mi la r to I P v 4 R I P v er s i on 2
U s es I P v 6 f or tr a n s p or t
14
IPv4
IPv6
IPv6
2 0 0 8 C is c o S y s t e m s , In c . A ll r ig h t s r e s e r v e d .
T r a n s i t i o n i n g t o I P v 6 1 5
T h e transition from IPv4 does not req uire upgrades on all nodes at th e same time. M any transition
mech anisms enable smooth integration of IPv4 and IPv6 . O th er mech anisms th at allow IPv4 nodes to
communicate w ith IPv6 nodes are available. A ll of th ese mech anisms are applied to different situations.
T h e th ree most common tech niq ues to transition from IPv4 to IPv6 are as follow s:
D ual stack is an integration meth od w h ere th e node h as connectivity to both an IPv4 and IPv6 netw ork . A s a
result, th e node and its corresponding routers h ave tw o protocol stack s.
T h ere are several tunneling tech niq ues available:
M anual IPv6 -over-IPv4 tunneling is an integration meth od w h ere an IPv6 pack et is encapsulated
w ith in IPv4. T h is req uires dual-stack routers.
D y namic 6 to4 tunneling is a meth od th at automatically connects IPv6 islands th rough an IPv4
netw ork , ty pically th e Internet. T h e 6 to4 tunneling meth od dy namically applies a valid, uniq ue IPv6
prefix to each IPv6 island, enabling fast deploy ment of IPv6 in a corporate netw ork w ith out address
retrieval from IS Ps or registries.
Prox y ing and translation is a translation mech anism th at sits betw een an IPv6 netw ork and an IPv4 netw ork .
T h e j ob of th e translator is to translate IPv6 pack ets into IPv4 pack ets and vice versa.
15
IPv6
T r a n s i t i o n i n g t o I P v 61 6
A d u a l-s ta ck n od e choos es w hi ch s ta ck to u s
d u a l-s ta ck n od e s hou ld p r ef er I P v 6 w hen i t i s
I P v 6 i n teg r a ti on , i n w hi ch n od es ha v e b oth I P
common ly u s ed i n teg r a ti on method s . O ld I P v
a s b ef or e. N ew a n d mod i f i ed a p p li ca ti on s ta k
A
a d
g
IP
n ew a p p li ca ti on p r og r a
d r es s es a n d D N S r eq u es
et hos t b y a d d r es s ca lls
v 6 . A n a p p li ca ti on ca n b
e b a s ed on the d es ti n a ti on a d d r es s . A
a v a i la b le. T he d u a l-s ta ck a p p r oa ch to
v 4 a n d I P v 6 s ta ck s , i s on e of the mos t
4 -on ly a p p li ca ti on s con ti n u e to w or k
e a d v a n ta g e of b oth I P la y er s .
E x p er i en ce i n p or ti n g I P v 4 a p
a p p li ca ti on s , ther e i s a mi n i ma
cod e. T hi s techn i q u e i s w ell k n
p r otocol tr a n s i ti on s . I t en a b les
p li ca ti on s to I P v 6 s u g g es ts
l cha n g e i n s ome loca li z ed
ow n a n d ha s b een a p p li ed
g r a d u a l a p p li ca ti on u p g r a d
tha t, f or
p la ces i n
i n the p a
es , on e b
a n d IP v 6
n a me a n d
b oth I P v 4 a n d
g on ly I P v 4 .
mos t
s i d e the s ou r ce
s t f or other
y on e, to I P v 6 .
16
C isco IO S D ua l S ta ck ( C ont. )
IPv4: 192.168.99.1
IPv6: 3 f f e :b 0 0 :c 18:1::3
2 0 0 8 C is c o S y s t e m s , In c . A ll r ig h t s r e s e r v e d .
C i s co I O S S of tw
b a s icIP v 4 a n d
U s i n g I P v 6 on
ipv6 unicast-r
a r e R elea s e 1 2 .2 (2 )T a n d la ter a r e I P
I P v 6 on a n i n ter f a ce, i t i s d u a l-s ta ck
a C i s co I O S r ou ter r eq u i r es tha t y ou
o uting . T hi s comma n d en a b les f or w
T r a n s i t i o n i n g t o I P v 6 1 7
v 6 -r ea d y . A s s oon a s
ed a n d f or w a r d s I P v 4
u s e the g lob a l con f i g
a r d i n g of I P v 6 d a ta g r
y ou con f i g u r e
a n d I P v 6 tr a f f i c.
u r a ti on comma n d
a ms .
17
IP v 6 T un n e lin g
IPv6
IPv4
IPv6
IPv6
20 0 8 C i s c o S y s t e m s , I n c . A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d .
T r a n s i t i o n i n g t o I P v 61 8
18
E nab l i ng IPv6 o n C i s c o R o u t e r s
RouterX(config)#
Enab l es IP v 6 tr af f ic f or w ar d ing
RouterX(config-if)#
ipv6 ad d r e ss ipv6prefix/prefix-l en g t h
2 0 0 8 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d .
e ui-64
T r a n s i t i o n i n g t o I P v 6 1 9
19
IPv6 A ddr e s s C o nf i g u r at i o n E x am p l e
2 0 0 8 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d .
T r a n s i t i o n i n g t o I P v 6 2 0
20
router rip
tag
rip
tag ena b l e
s h ow
ip v 6
rip
s h ow
ip v 6
route rip
D i sp l ay s t h e st at u s o f t h e v ari o u s R I P p ro cesses
S h o w s R I P ro u t es i n t h e I P v 6 ro u t e t ab l e
2 0 0 8 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d .
T r a n s i t i o n i n g t o I P v 6 2 1
21
R IPng f o r IPv6 C o nf i g u r at i o n E x am p l e
2 0 0 8 C is c o S y s te m s , In c . A ll r ig h ts r e s e r v e d .
T r a n s i t i o n i n g t o I P v 6 2 2
22
Sum m ar y
IPv6 offers many additional benefits to IPv4, including a larger
address sp ace, easier address aggregation, and integrated security.
A n IPv6 address is 1 2 8 bits long and is made up of a 48 -bit global
p refix , a 1 6-bit subnet ID , and a 64-bit interface identifier.
T ransitioning from IPv4 to IPv6 req uires dual stack s, tunneling, and
p ossibly N A T -PT .
20 0 8 C i s c o S y s t e m s , I n c . A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d .
T r a n s i t i o n i n g t o I P v 623
Q uiz Q ue stion 1
Which address type from IPv4 was eliminated in IPv6?
a) u n i c as t
b ) m u l t i c as t
c ) e v e r y c as t
d ) b r o ad c as t
20 0 8 C i s c o S y s t e m s , I n c . A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d .
T r a n s i t i o n i n g t o I P v 624
24
Q uiz Q ue stion 2
H ow can you condense consecu tive sets of z eros in an
IPv6 address?
a)
b )
c )
d )
w ith
b y e
b y r
w ith
th
lim
e p
th
e : : : s y m
i n at i n g l e
l ac i n g f o u
e : : s y m
b o l
ad i n g z e r o s
r c o n s e c u tiv e z e r o s w ith as in g le z e r o
b o l
20 0 8 C i s c o S y s t e m s , I n c . A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d .
T r a n s i t i o n i n g t o I P v 625
25
T ha n k y ou f or ta k i n g the T r a n s i ti on i n g to I P v 6 Q u i ck L ea r n i n g M od u le.
26