ELASTICITY

ELASTICITY

Elastic deformation is
reversible. When a body
deforms elastically
under a load, it will
revert to its original
shape as soon as the
load is removed

Hookes Law for one Dimension

An isotropic material is one that has the same properties in
all directions

Hookes Law for Three

Dimensions

Hookes Law for Three

Dimensions
Adding the columns of the above
table to obtain the total strain in
each direction gives the following
equations:

Elastic Constants for Various Materials at Ambient Temperature

Shear modulus
Shear strains are affected only by the
corresponding shear stresses, so that

G is the shear modulus

Volumetric Strain and

Hydrostatic Stress
Volume change due to normal strains

The bulk modulus

The average normal stress is called the hydrostatic

stress and is given by

the volumetric strain is proportional to the hydrostatic stress. The

constant of proportionality relating these is called the bulk
modulus

ELASTICITY
The four elastic constants, E, , G,
and B, can be expressed in terms of
two others:

Problem-1
A sample of material subjected to a
compressive stress z is confined so that it
cannot deform in the y-direction, as shown in
Figure below. Assume that there is no friction
against the die, so that deformation can freely
occur in the x-direction. Assume further that
the material is isotropic and exhibits linearelastic behavior

Problem-1

Determine the following in terms of z and the

elastic constants of the material:
(a) The stress that develops in the ydirection.
(b) The strain in the z-direction.
(c) The strain in the x-direction.
(d) Assume that the compressive stress in
the z-direction has a magnitude of 75MPa
and
The block is made of a copper alloy, and then
calculate y , z , x. E = 130 GPa = 130,000
MPa,
and = 0.343.

Problem-2
Strains are measured on the surface of a
brass alloy part as follows: x = 0.0004, y
= 0.0010, and xy = 0.0008. Estimate the
in-plane stresses x , y , and xy,also the
strain z normal to the surface. (Assume
that z = yz = zx =0.)
E=70300 MPa , = 0.345
Answer:
x=59.45MPa
y=90.81 MPa
xy= 20.19 Mpa
z
= -0.000737

Problem-3
A plate of metal is subjected to stresses
x = 186 MPa and y = 152 MPa.
The strains that occur as a result of these
stresses are measured to be:
x = 1900106 and y = 1250106.
No yielding occurs in the plate, the behavior is
elastic. Estimate the elastic modulus E and
Poissons ratio for the metal. What type of
metal is it?
Answer:
E=
=

Problem-4

Answer:
z=-56 MPa
z = 0

x=-53.5 10-6

y = -588 10-6