Nghin cu phng php thi cng Semi - Topdown

s dng c thp chng h o tng hm

Ngy ng : 01/04/2016

Tm tt: Vi cng trnh c t 1 n 3 tng hm th vic la chn c mt phng

n thi cng hp l c v kinh t v iu kin k thut khng phi l mt vic n
gin. Bi bo a ra mt phng n thi cng phn ngm mi c s dng c thp
chng h o hp l, c tnh khoa hc, kinh t trn c s m bo cc iu kin
k thut nhm khc phc nhng nhc im ca tng trong t, nng cao cht
lng tng tng hm; gim thiu ti a chi ph gi thnh v nhim mi trng,
phc v thc t sn xut.
T kha: Semi topdown, tng hm, c thp, kinh t.
Abstract: With buildings that have 1-3 levels of basement, the selection of an proper
construction option (suitable for economy and technical requirement) is not simple.
The article delivers a construction option for underground part using steel piles to
bear the load of excavated pit properly, scientifically, economically on the base of
technical requirement. In order to fix the weakness of wall in lands, improve the
quality of basements walls, reduce cost and environment pollution, supporting
production in reality.
Keywords: Semi topdown, basement, steel piles, economic.
1. M u
Nhng nm gn y, ti H Ni, TP. H Ch Minh v mt s thnh ph ln khc, nhiu cng
trnh c nhiu tng hm v ang c xy dng. Vic thi cng tng hm c th lm t
nn b dch chuyn v ln, gy h hng cho cc cng trnh ln cn (nht l i vi cc cng
trnh xy chen, c mt bng cht hp H Ni v TP. H Ch Minh hin nay) nu khng c
cc gii php thch hp. Vi cng trnh xy chen c 1 - 3 tng hm, c rt nhiu cc gii
php thi cng phong ph, a dng c th p dng c nh: Tng c thp, cc xi mng
t, tng vy barrette... kt hp vi 1 - 2 tng chng bng thanh chng thp hoc neo
trong t. Nn vi cng trnh c t 1 - 3 tng hm th vic la chn c mt phng n
thi cng hp l c v kinh t v iu kin k thut khng phi l mt vic n gin. Vi vic
s dng c thp, c th k n mt s gii phi chng ph bin nh:
Chng ngang nu kch thc mt bng cng trnh khng qu rng;
Chng vo cc khoan nhi, i cc hoc phn t cha thi cng.

Vi cng trnh c 2 tng hm tr ln, phng n Semi - topdown s dng tng trong t
thng c tin dng nht vi u im l cng ln nn chuyn v ngang rt nh, rt
hu ch cho vic thi cng cc h o su v bo m n nh cho cc cng trnh ln cn
khi thi cng chen trong thnh ph. Tuy nhin, phng n ny vn tn ti mt s nhc
im cha th khc phc, c bit l lin quan ti cht lng tng vy, chng thm bn
ngoi tng, chi ph vt liu v vn nhim mi trng. Nhng nhc im trn c th
c khc phc hon ton nu p dng thi cng vi phng n c thp.

Hnh 1.1: Chng ngang

khoan nhi, i cc

Hnh 1.2: Chng vo cc

Hnh 1.3: Chng ct tng hm

Hnh 1.4: Thng k cc
phng php thi cng
tng hm
Hin nay Vit Nam, cc cng trnh nh c nhiu tng hm ngy cng xut hin nhiu v
i km vi l kh nhiu cc gii php, c im thi cng tng hm.
Bng 1.1. Cc gii php la chn thi cng ch yu tng hm Vit Nam[4]

Nhn xt: T bng s liu thng k cho thy, Vit Nam, vi cng trnh c t 3 tng hm
tr ln, gii php u tin nn la chn l tng barrette kt hp phng n Top - Down,
Semi - Topdown; i vi 2 tng hm c rt nhiu cc gii php thi cng phong ph, a dng
c th p dng c nh: Tng c thp, cc xi mng t, tng vy barrette... kt hp
vi 1 - 2 tng chng bng dn thp hoc neo trong t...
2. Trnh t cc giai on thi cng tng hm theo phng php miSemi Topdown s dng c thp
Vi phng php Semi - Topdown mi s dng c thp v h dm sn tng hm (kt hp
mt phn h thanh chng thp) lm kt cu chng , khi , tng bao tng hm s c
thi cng sau ny cng vi ct, vch ngn tng t nh phng php s dng tng vy
barette thng thng. Thi cng tng hm xong s lp t, ct vo khong trng gia c
thp v tng bao (nu c), sau rt c thp hoc c nh vnh vin trong lng t.
Trn c s xut ra 2 phng n sau:
Phng n 1 (PA1): Thi cng xong s rt c, s dng h dm sn tng hm kt hp h
dm bo, thanh chng lm kt cu chng .
Phng n 2 (PA2): Gi nguyn c trong lng t lm kt cu chn gi, tng bao sau
ny, s dng h dm sn tng hm lm kt cu chng .

Hnh 2.1:Quy trnh thi cng p dng cho PA1 thi cng xong s rt c
PA2 tng t nh PA1, ch khc l khng c giai on lp t h vng chng v c thp
ta trc tip ln h dm sn v khng phi lp t, rt c nh PA1 m gi nguyn c trong
lng t kt hp vi chnh tng bao lm kt cu chn gi tng hm sau ny.
Hnh nh m t quy trnh thi cng theo PA1 (cng trnh 2 tng hm)

3. Mt s u im, nhc im, phm vi p dng ca phng n mi

3.1. u im
- Thi cng theo phng nSemi - Topdown nn vn gii quyt c cc vn v mt
bng v tin thi cng, khng cn dng h thng chng tm (PA2), gii quyt c cc
vn v mng, gim mt phn nh hng xu ca thi tit ti cng tc thi cng; chng
c vch t vi n nh v an ton cao nht, hn bt c phng n s dng h
chng thanh chng thp no;
- My mc, thit b thi cng tng hm n gin v tin thi cng nhanh;
- cng, s lin kt v lm vic tng th, cht lng ca tng bao tt v tng bao tng
hm c ton khi; b tng c chc, khng b r, khuyt tt;
- Chiu su v chiu dy tng bao c th gim rt nhiu, tit kim vt liu;
- D dng trong cng tc nghim thu, x l s c v c bit l chng thm;
- Gim bt chi ph lp t h thng thng gi v chiu sng nhn to;
- Gim thiu s nhim mi trng do khng phi s dng dung dch Bentonite gi thnh
h o tng vy (ch dng khi thi cng cc khoan nhi).
3.2. Nhc im
- Vn tn ti mt s nhc im ca phng n Semi - Topdown;
- C larssen c cng tng i thp, nu bin php chng khng hp l, c s b
bin dng v chuyn v ngang ln lm gia tng dch chuyn t quanh h o, gy ra ln
t nn v nh hng n cng trnh ln cn;
- Trong c qu trnh thi cng xt v nhiu mt th phng php ny thng pht sinh hin
tng r r nc ngm qua c, c th lm y ni t y h o;
- Qu trnh rt c, lp t gy nh hng mt phn n cng trnh ln cn (PA1).
3.3. Phm vi p dng
- Phng php ny ph hp vi cng trnh xy chen c su h o khng qu ln
(thng t 1 - 3 tng hm); khong cch vi cng trnh ln cn khng qu gn (cch t
5m);
- a cht cng trnh tng ti tt hoc a cht yu nhng tng c vn m bo kh
nng chu lc v chuyn v cho php;
- Mc nc ngm khng qu cao hn ch s r r, y ni t y h o.

4. So snh bin php thi cng Semi - Topdown s dng c thp vi phng n s
dng tng trong t
4.1. c im cng trnh
Cng trnh: Khu dch v vn phng v nh 130 Nguyn c Cnh - Hong Mai - H Ni.
Tng chiu cao l 71,4m (21 tng ni) v 2 tng hm.
- H dm sn tng hm th nht: Cu to bi cc dm chnh, dm ph c 800 x 450; 700 x
450, 300 x 450mm; chiu dy sn 200mm (cao -3,80m);
- Sn tng hm th nht hai: Chiu dy 400mm (cao -6,90m);
- y i mng: (cao -8,85);
- Pha Bc gip ng giao thng rng 10m; pha Ty gip Nh my in c Thng Nht;
pha Nam gip khu dn c (cch tng tng hm 8m); pha ng gip khu dn c (cch
tng tng hm 12m).
4.2. Tnh ton, thit k vi phng n tng trong t
Tnh ton cho on tng barrette c chiu dy 0,8m, su H = 30m; b tng B30;
cng chng un ca tng EI = 32,5.106.(1.0,83/12) = 138,67. 104kN.m2;
cng chng ko, nn ca tng l EA = 32,5.10 6.(1.0,8) = 26.106 kN;
Thanh chng l h sn tng hm 1, dy 200mm c cng chng nn l EA = 32,5.10 6.
(1.0,2) = 6,5. 106 kN; Lspacing = 5,1m.

Hnh 4.1: Mt bng kt cu sn tng hm 1 trong giai on thi cng h o

Hnh 4.2: M hnh tnh ton khng gian khi chy bng chng trnh Etab 9.7.4

Hnh 4.3: Mt ct lin kt gia thanh chng vi tng c, dm tng hm 1

4.3. Kt qu phn tch

Hnh 4.4: Chuyn v ngang v m-men ln nht ca c nm trong giai on thi cng
Kim tra chuyn v: 42,20.10-3 m = 4,22cm < 0,5%H = 0,4425cm theo ti liu [2]. Do , vi
su H = 30m th tng vy m bo iu kin chuyn v.
Tnh thp cho tng vy:Phn mm Plasix 8.2 ta cho thy ni lc ln nht xut hin trong
giai on thi cng l Mtng vy = 896,09 kN.m/m = 89,609 T/m tnh thp.
4.4. So snh khi lng v chi ph vt liu tng bao tng hm gia phng n s
dng c thp v tng trong t
T kt qu ni lc trn, lc tc dng vo h dm sn v quy trnh thi cng ca hai phng
n l tng i ging nhau. Tnh ton cng chn c kch thc tit din dm sn, king

post ca hai phng n l nh nhau. V vy, so snh khi lng v chi ph vt liu gia
hai phng n, bng cch so snh tng bao tng hm:
PA1: S dng c thp:
- Tng bao dy 0,35m, chiu su tng l 8,9m (theo n v thit k);
- Thp tng bao: Thp dc 20a170mm (CIII); thp ngang: 14a200 (CII).
PA2: S dng tng trong t (barrette):
- Tng vy barrette dy 0,8m, chiu su tng l 30m (tnh ton);
- Thp tng bao: Thp dc: 28a170mm (CIII); thp ngang: 16a200 (CII).
T kt qu trn, ta bc tch khi lng tnh ton v lp c bng so snh sau:
Bng 4.1. Bng tnh khi lng v chi ph vt liu lm tng bao tng hm
4.5. Nhn xt
Ta c th thy p dng phng n Semi - topdown cho cng trnh 130 Nguyn c Cnh
s dng c thp so vi vic s dng tng vy barrette th:
- Khi lng b tng tng bao ch bng khong 1/7 ln;
- Khi lng thp tng bao bng 1/6 ln;
- Tng chi ph vt liu thi cng tng bao tng hm ch bng 1/2 ln.
Tuy nhin, v cng c thp nh nn chuyn v ngang (8,9cm) li ln hn, gp 2 ln so
vi vic s dng tng vy barrette (4,22cm).
5. Kt lun v kin ngh
Kt lun v tnh kh thi ca phng n mi
Cng trnh xy chen c din tch tng hm va phi, cng trnh ln cn khng qu gn, ti
trng ph tc dng ln tng chn khng qu ln, phng n chng tng c larssen
bng h dm sn tng hm vn c th m bo cc iu kin k thut.
Vi mt s cng trnh xy chen c kch thc h o rng v su, xung quanh c cng
trnh ln cn th phng n chng tng c larssen bng h dn thp rt kh m bo
k thut v hiu qu kinh t. Phng n tng trong t tuy m bo k thut nhng chi ph
cao, trong khi vn tn ti mt s nhc im th vic la chn phng n thi cng
Semi - Topdown s dng c thp lm kt cu chn gi l mt phng n rt thc t v kh
thi, trong khi vn m bo cc yu cu k thut, cht lng tng bao cng trnh v c
bit l tit kim ti a vt liu thi cng.

Vi phng n tng trong t th ti Vit Nam ch c mt s t cc doanh nghip c h

thng my mc thit b, nng lc v kinh nghim m bo cht lng thi cng tng
vy tt. Tuy nhin, vi phng php mi ny th h thng my mc, quy trnh thi cng n
gin hn rt nhiu, hu ht cc n v thi cng u c th ch ng p ng c.
Phng n thi cng tit kim vt liu, mang li hiu qu kinh t, gim thiu nhim mi
trng l vn c quan tm hin nay.
Ti liu tham kho
[1]. nh c ch bin (2004), K thut thi cng 1, NXB. Xy dng, H Ni.
[2]. Nguyn B K (2002), Thit k v thi cng h mng su, NXB. Xy dng, H Ni.
[3]. Nguyn Vn Qung, Nguyn Trng (8/2008), Nhng bi hc kinh nghim trong vic xy
dng tng hm nh cao tng Vit Nam, TP. H Ch Minh.
[4]. Nguyn D Tin, Trn c Cng (2006), Cc gii php thit k v thi cng tng hm
nh cao tng, Tp ch T vn Thit k, s 3.
[5]. Phm Khnh c (5/2004),Thi cng tng chn tm cho tng hm nh cao tng bng
c larsen trn a bn thnh ph H Ni, Lun vn Thc s.
[6]. V Mnh Hng, Nghin cu tnh ton l m sn trong thi cng tng hm nh cao tng
theo phng php thi cng t trn xung, Lun vn Thc s.
[7]. Kt cu thp, Tiu chun thit k TCVN 5575-2012.
[8]. Kt cu b tng v b tng ct thp, Tiu chun thit k TCVN 5574-2012.
NGC NGUYN - TRUNG HIU