The History of Cloning

1900s

Scientists
split embryos
to create
twins

Nuclear transfers
are done to clone
salamanders

1920
s

1997

A clone named
dolly the sheep
makes history,
since the nucleus
was taken directly
from the cell

1887: Embryo Cloning

-The embryo of a sea urchin was cloned
-The two sea urchins grew up to be two completely
different specimens
-An example that both urchins have their own genetic
coding instructions

1928: Salamander Cloning

-A salamander egg was fertilized
-The nucleus was successfully pushed to one side of
the cytoplasm
-The cell turned into a salamander embryo

1952: First Successful Nuclear Transfer

-Two scientists transferred the
nucleus of a tadpole and inserted
it into that of a frog
-A tadpole was then given birth to
-Although, not many tadpoles
survived and the one that did had
a short life span
-Abnormalities occurred to ones
that did survive birth

1958: Nuclear Transfer From Differentiated

Cell
-Before this, the clone would look nothing like the
specimen from which the nucleus was taken from

-Clones would then look exactly alike to their nucleus

donor

1975: First Nuclear Transfer on Mammal

-Mammals eggs are much
smaller than those of
frogs, so it is much harder
-A scientist took the
nucleus from a rabbit and
inserted it into another
rabbit
-It showed possible

1984: First Cloning of a Mammal

-A cell was separated from
the embryo of a lamb
-Nuclear transfer was done
on a lamb
-The lamb gave birth to
three identical lambs

1996: Dolly the Sheep

-Dolly was a clone of a sheep that
was a successful nuclear transfer
-The nucleus of a sheep was
inserted into another sheep, which
created Dolly
-It was a huge landmark because it
is very rare that nuclear transfer
actually works, even though Dolly
only lived for six years

2001: Endangered Animals

-This was the first time that scientists
were ever able to successfully clone
an endangered animal
-Another landmark was that the first
totally extinct animal was cloned (The
Spanish Mountain Goat)
-Unfortunately, all except one
survived birth, which later passed
away

2013: Humans and Nuclear Transfer

-A human embryo was first created through somatic
cell nuclear transfer
-A skin cell was taken from a human and it was fused
with an egg cell
-The egg successfully began to divide

Bibliography
The History of Cloning. (n.d.). Retrieved January 25,
2016, from
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/cloning/clonez
one