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ΗΛΕΚΤΡΟΛΟΓΙΑ-ΑΥΤΟΜΑΤΙΣΜΟΙ ΕΡΓΑΣΤΗΡΙΟ Β' ΤΑΞΗ PDF
ΗΛΕΚΤΡΟΛΟΓΙΑ-ΑΥΤΟΜΑΤΙΣΜΟΙ ΕΡΓΑΣΤΗΡΙΟ Β' ΤΑΞΗ PDF
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2 .
1 2 .
=-
3.1 0.2.
()
4.
LL1--a--LL2
- - + - -1!1--
r------+-----
--------------
3.10.2
u zu
220
,
,
,
.
r.
, ,
1.
1 2
( . .
).
, ,
, .
2.
(..
0,5
).
, , ,
.
.
3.
I.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
1 2
9.
1.
11.
12.
11.
. ,
.
13.
11.
14.
15.
.
n
.
106
I.
I.
11.
111 . ;
IV.
( )
;
V.
3.11
p -r
co-
C~
( , )
, ,
.
1.
2.
3.
- t
4.
5.
, ,
6.
7.
I.
8.
a , , , , a
, (
11).
9.
1.
I.
3
4
6
7
8
9
[Hz]
(Volt]
(]
(Watt]
[]
109
I.
[]
(Watt]
(Watt]
[]
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
I.
11.
;
, ;
111. ;
111
<f if
.
.
,
4.1
4.2
4.1
my '{
c.-.
c.-.
,
, , .. .
, ,
. u
I
-
(, ) , (
) .
, ( ) .
0-20V
1 .
.
(, )
, ,
.
1.
.
, , , , ,
, .
.
2.
3.
4.
. (
.
).
.
5.
( ), :
,
.
>-
(R
>-
1).
114
~
.
,
.
(R
1).
. ( ,
,
1000
)
~
6.
1.7.1.
R=10
,
).
+
D
4. 1.1.
7.
8.
, 1
9.
- 0,2 - 0,4 -
D.
10.
11.
book)
(data
. -
115
( ).
12.
13.
,
, ,
, (
),
.
14.
, ,
. (
- ,
.
, - ).
pj
I.
Epyaai
11.
111.
R = 1
1.7.1;
.
;
.
;
.
.
116
4.2
r..-
..-
,
.
Jp.p
, ,
,
.
,
, .
(pins).
(data sheets
data books)
,
. .
, , , .
, .
(pins):
.
. ,
, ,
.
. ..
7805
(dual)
8, 14
(quad)
16 .
5 .
.
,
,
.
pins
20).
,
.
.
(data sheets data books).
.
118
1.
.
.
2.
7905, 7912,
7815.
3.
,
,
4.
-24V.
( )
.
5.
,
(
) .
6.
7400,
7.
, ,
.
8.
,
.
-
----~--------------~------~
I.
119
11.
111.
. ;
.
;
. ;
.
.
- - 0
5 __ .;
PLC
r
,
PLC,
. ,
PLC.
>>
PLC.
5.1
5.2
122
5.1
. ,
t/
. .
~ ------1.------ -:-:
F2
--~--------~----~
l
5.1.1
Hl
5.1.2
S2
(STAR), 1 a
1( 13-14),
,
.
(1 ), 1 (23-24)
(2) ! 1(21-22).
NC
81
123
(8) , 1
. ( 1)
(2) .
PLC
81
11
8 ART
82
12
01
02
03
(
)
(
)
PLC
- r
PLC
Ql
.,..
--~~~~------~--------------~-----------
u--~~~~------~---------------+-.----------
5 ~~----~----------------+-~~------
L3--- --------------~~------~---+-+-+-------
-------------
F1
5.1.3.
PLC
-.
Ladder
<}-; 01
}-;02
-v,.,....._- - - - - - - - - - { ( }-; 3
5.1.4 Ladder.
CSF
STL
12
01
01
02
g
01
& 03
=
=
5.1.5 CSF
12
01
11
01
02
11
01
03
126
- v
5.2
.
:
>
(82)
(81)
1.
PLC
01
PLC.
.
.
:
01 = 81 . 82 . 01
(1)
1.
2.
81
82,
81
82.
, -
01, .
. ,
01.
1 :
01
S1
S2)
, :
01 = S1 S2 01
(2)
2 :
(
S2
S1,
01 = S1 S2 01
(3)
OR
01 = S1 S2 01 + S1 S2 01 + S1 S2 01
(4)
S1
11
S2
12
01
02
.
.
PLC
- v
PLC
Q1
..,...
Ll----~-~~--~----------------~----------~----~-~~----~----------------~~------
L3----.....::....~::..._---t------------....,...---t-t--,.-----
N --------------~~---------+----~~----~~
--- - - -- - -
----
5.2. 1
PLC
Ladder
< )- 01
)-2
-{~~----------(( 3
5.2.2 Ladder.
STL
CSF
12
01
01
02
=
=
n--ol
01~03
5.2.3 CSF.
02
11
01
02
12
01
11
01
129
1.
2.
'PLC'
133
1.1
"
1.2
: '
1.3
135
p .
, , , .
:
" ,
.
"
.
"
1.1
, , .,
,
2,
,
.
(Si)
(Ge)
(),
(As),
() .
(Cu),
(Fe),
(), .
, , , .
.
136
(Si0 2 )
.
.
, a
, ,
()
(5 + 4 = 9).
"
(3+4=7)
3.1.1
()
==
11
11
11
11
11
11
= =
='=
11
11
11
11
11
11
='
3.1.1
() ()
n .
==
11
11
11
11
11
11
=@=
= =
' @=@
==
()
()
()
1.1.1
1.1.1
137
. ,
, ,
,
,
.
, .
. , -
a
.
0,3
0,7
''" ,
"" . 3 . 1 . 2()
3.1.2() .
- -.....
..._--..-1
()
()
1.1.2 pn
pn
i, ,
, ,
10 .
( )
.
(RF
= ).
3.1 .3
- v
138
0,7V
1.1.3
0,7 V.
m
.
(RR
= ).
3.1.4
1.1.4
= 1 k.
=12
) ,
(RF
= )
RR =1
0,7
) :
) :
I -
D-
I
12V
= 12
RL + RR- 1000 + 1000000 -
RR=1M
~R,=1
. . _____.-
pn
a .
)--
(V Fmax),
)-- IFmax
)--
IR,
(VRRM),
140
(RF ,RR ),
~ , 0 .
pn
~ (
~
Varicap)
Zener) ,
Schottky ( Schottky).
ci,
.
. .
88419,
1 06.
1,
. .
14001.
3.1.2().
3.1.
1.1
Schottly
.. r
Varica
~r--
Zener
.."":J(
1.1.2 (Transistor)
reSISTOR
TRANsfer
( ).
.
.
npn
pnp.
141
>- ''"
>-
""
(emitter),
(base)
>-
"C" (collector).
,
.
3.1.5,
(), () 3.1.5()
Transistor:
()
()
npn
1.1.5
pnp
()
.
. ,
:
>-
-
- .
>-
( 18
, ).
>-
(IE"" lc)
, .
- v
142
100
300.
lc
= c ls
,
.
IE
= ls + lc
-
-
, .
.
.
(common emitter
(common base
configration,
configration,
CE),
CB)
,
, .
npn
, . '
pnp
, ,
, .
(
) ..C127 .
, .. 22222 22904.
~ cc
~ 18 ,
hFE
~ ,
~ -
VcEo
143
J).
( )
3.1.6.),
F), (
(Drain, D)
FET
(Gate G),
(Source, S)
transistor.
()
()
1.1. 6 F.E. .
1.1.3 (Thyristor)
.
pnpn
(), ()
(gate, G)
. , ,
G,
(firing).
3.1.7.
1.1.7
,
, -
144
, .
.
( ) ,
(
100
1000V ) .
:
>- (IG) ,
>- (V)
>-
>-
(VGM) ,
(IRRM) ,
>- ( GM) .
,
(DIAC)
(RIAC).
DIAC
TRIAC
()
()
DIAC
TRIAC
3.1.8.
DIAC
TRIAC
1.2
pt
1.2.1 p
a ,
145
. , ,
.
:
> ,
> .
,
(D)
3.2.1.
(R),
, .
. ,
,
.
Vo
1.2.1
3.2.2).
. .
Vo
1.2.2
146
( )
1.2.3
1.2.2
(ripple)
3.2.3.
.
.. ,
.
, , ,
( ).
mi
3.2.4.
mo > mi
Vo
1.2.4
147
. :
~ , ,
(Gain, G)
db
1Odb
..
30 db,
1000
20 db 100
, ..
(Bandwidth)
()
G0
.
.
3.2.5.
.
(G)
Go
(f)
----8--
1.3
pt
1.2.5.
48
(pins).
148
,
. ,
, () , , , .
3.3.1.
1.3.1
, , ,
.
, ,
, , .
, ,
,
(
3.3.2).
tr
@1J
1.3.2
149
,
.
, , ,
() .
p.
pn
.
.
p pp. ,
(), (), ()
(
CE ).
<- v
, .
, .
(I.C.)
(,9J - - l
1.
2.
3.
a ;
4.
5.
6.
a _
7.
8.
9.
151
10.
. a
. a
.
11 .
pn
. ,3
. ,5
. ,3- ,
. 0,7
12.
. :
.
.
13.
npn
.
.
14.
( , , , , ..)
.
15.
.I
153
EAEfXOY - PLC
AND, OR.
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
11'0 fr
2.8
' r f
2.9
'f
- PLC
(BMS)
~{\\ \
. :
, :
PLC
'
.
'
AND, OR,
. .
'
, .. ,
( ).
~
.
~
.
'
,
.
~
(,
AND, OR
Boole
, .. .
- r
156
'
.
' ,
, .., .
'
(PLC).
' PLC
, .
2.1
(
),
,
(
) .
:
) (
AND, OR
) (
, .. ,
, , a, .
( ) .
( ).
( ) .
( , ..
, , .).
157
,
..
PLCs).
, , .
2.2
2.2.1
Boo/e
ON!OFF,
(
) .
1)
) .
1,
, ,
, ,
, .
,
, ,
,
,
.
George Boole.
Boole
,
,
, :
=1 = 0
1 (= 1) ,
- v
= 0).
..
I =1.
I =1 .
=1. = .
= 1. .
v
v
v
'
(AND)
(OR)
Boole
= .
(")
(+)
/ ()
(-)
, :
v
v
v
: =
': = +
OXI : =
.
,
=1
= = =
1.
,
.
2.2.2
1 HIGH
1.
ANSI
2.1 (),
DIN
2.1().
159
()
()S
DIN
2. 1 KAi.
ANSI.
, , C , q.
.
2.2.
160
2.2 ANSI
. .
.
,
( . 2 . 3) .
2.3
(OR)
, .
. ,
(OR)
= 1 = 1,
= 1
1.
OR
16,
()
DIN
2.4
(OR) .
. (.
2.5)
2.5
(OR)
2. 1
r1
:
<
, .
162
&
>1
&
AC r----,
2.6
BC
(..)
14
. c
..
(+Vcc)
7432
740~
, .2 . 7
( ) . .
2.7
() . .
/ ()
. c
.
:
=
.
163
---0--v=
: () DIN
()ANSI
2.8
/ () .
(inerter) .
. .
7404
(.
2.9
/ . .
5404, Q
2.9).
NAND
( ),
NOR (OXI
).
AND
AND
OR
NAND
NOR
OR
~=+= +-
()
NOR
NAND
XOR
EOR
(Exclusie
NOR
OR)
. :
165
~~D-Y=A+i\-8
()
DIN
= -+
2.11
2.3
XOR
1
1
XOR
t AND,
OR,
NAND, NOR
EOR,
AND, OR
.
,
, ,
.
2.3.1
: 1
m
81 .
166
Fl
2
2.12
Hl
S1,
, m 1,
1(11-12) .
S1,
r '1.
J m.
S1
S1
'
16?
2.13
( )
R.
5V
1),
(
(
0),
0).
, ,
5V
1).
2.14
3/2.
( ) , . ,
,
(
1)
1.
, ,
, .
, m ( )
.
168
- J
: .
2.3.2 AND
: m 1 c
m
81
82
. c
-----.---------------Fl
Sll-
S21-
2.15 AND
p
m
81
1,
1(13-14).
82
2 ,
2(13- 14) 1 .
S1
S2
( )
+
R1
,......--...- -.....--
D2
R3
,
.;
2.16
AND
02,
SV
1)
01
SV
1)
0,7V
0).
OV
(15
0),
OV).
: ( )
, ,
, . ,
( ) ,
.
AND.
+U
S1
S2
4/2
'-------/ '-------/
2. 18
..
S1 S2, (
AND).
171
), ,
AND
()
. ,
,
4/2
)
.
( ).
2.3.3
OR
: 1
81 . 82
-------.---------------------F1
14
14
2.19
OR
1 ,
S1
1( 13-14) 1.
2 ,
S2
2(13-14) 1.
S1
S2
1 2,
1.
1
2 , 1.
'S1
52
i1
( ).
01
02
----~-+-----<:1
2.20 OR
D1
5V
5V
1),
D2
1).
,
, .
173
2.21
OR .
:
( ),
2.4
:
""
,
.
(Memory
(Memories)
circits)
(Storage
Units).
-.
2.4. 1
RESET
RESET
SET.
- r
/'
L1
(8
82,
1 a
(13-14).
F2
-~
82,
(8.
12
(R8.
81
,
-
RE8ET,
82,
81.
'
2.22 a
()
RESET
RE8ET.
SET!RESET
Flip-Fiop.
R!S
2.4.2
SET
L1-----r-------------------~--
81 (STOP)
S2
(S)
1
_______ I
----+----------------------
2.23
S2
SET.
(S,
1 a 1(13-
14)
STOP S1
(RESE.
81.
S2
(S)
2.5
STOP
(ON-delay timers)
(OFF-delay
timers).
2.5.1
t,
17
2.24
__r---L
01 :
I
L
11
:+-1-.:
2.25 / ON-de/ay.
1 m
S1
- ( ).
(1) .
ON-Delay
1(15-18)
1 . ,
1.
.
2.5.2
(off-delay)
,
. , , :r
117
t1
( ).
:i
11111111
t
2.26 /
OFF-Delay.
81
Mp------._------~-------1
2.27
81
( ) ,
~ ( 1).
r 1
81 ,
t1
2.6
.
:
,
, ,
2.6. 1
(sequence cascade)
(sequence control)
2.6.2
(mode section),
(command output).
( )
(operating cycle)
(step
conter).
..
PLC
.
.
: , , .
2.7
1!r
(AND, OR,
, .),
.
. ,
,
, .
, p ()
.
,
( ) .
, ,
""
( ). ,
(
- Software)
(Hardware),
,
.
Software
( )
)
.
2. 7. 1
180
, ,
, , .
1960
(1
bit
electronic
processors).
,
PLCs.
2.28
-
.
2.7.2
,
(..
AND, OR,
, .).
(..
)
.
.
:
( "" )
: (
), ( ), -
181
V1f1
V12
.-----'-:-:--~ bit
C?li
pt
-.:rt~
2.28
j
!][!s
(Aiu)
-------+
()
/
~-------------------------------------J
2.29 .
- v
182
(ALU)
:
()
(1, 2, 3, 4, 5 6)
.
.
1 80
260
350
470
MS 100
695
MS
D 75,8
2.30
(1, 2, 3,
4, 5 6)
.
a
.
,
, , ,
( ), , -
. ,
(A/D
conerter)
8- .
,
.
v
v
1.
1.
v
v
1.
v
v
2.
2.
2.
6).
()
(..) .
,
- v
~ ... .
'
>
'_.
2.8
- PLC
------------------------------2.8. 1
(), , a .
(rogrammab/e
/ogic controlers)
, ,
PLC.
13
14
15
16
"
- f t - -
18
19
20
21
"
IT
3
5
6
1
8
11
12
13
14
lS
\6
PLCs
1960
( ,
.).
(microrocessors).
:
(lnputs)
(processing),
(outputs),
(actuators).
, ,
.
, ,
(, .)
. (
).
PLC
( )
.
- /- (, , ,
.) .
; ( ).
"" ()
.
. ,
;
,
PLC,
,
.
, ,
,
. .
: ,
a.
PLC
2.8.2
PLCs
PLCs
.
(, , ).
a ,
PLC.
LED
( ).
,
, .
PLCs
, , ,
.. ( "
" " V'.
.
,
.
,
.
187
.
,
2.8.3
PLC
PLC,
. :
,
, , .
,
PLC
, , ..
,
/0.
., .. ,
, , .
2.8.4
PLC
PLC
(hardware),
(sensors),
(actuators)
(software)
(programmer).
188
:---------------1----------------:
I
I
I
I
:
:!!
C.P.U.
I
I
I
I
I
L--- ------------------------
---J
AI8Iri1IP&t
(SENSORS)
2.32
Hardware
CPU
PLC.
!,.
( )
Hardware
" '
Hardware
PLC
.
,
, ,
.
,
PLC
(comact nit) ( . .
) .
PLC.
24 Vdc
PLC
(, ,
.)
.
Hardware
(CPU)
PLC
CCU)
(central processing
nit
""
- CPU)
CCU
' ,
''"
>-
CPU :
(Program)
>-
"1 ".
(memory)
(Oata).
(Processor)
( ),
.
CCU.
(FLAGs)
(1-bit)
>-
/ (inpt/otpt mod/es)
/ /
CCU
/. , {lnpt
Mod/es)
(Sensors),
(Otpt Modles)
(Actuators)
.. -
, () .
/
(
24 Vdc
220 Vac.
PLC)
. ,
.
I (lnput)
, (Otput) ,
(Marker)
F (Fiag)
(imer) ( )
(Counter)
a.
, .
(sensors)
PLC
. ,
CCU
(Actators)
PLC
'
Software
()
Software
Hardware
/.
PLC
(CCU).
.
,
d< ,
CCU.
191
2.8.5
~
,
:
. .
:
~-:-::-'6-
~~~16
AND
2.33 Ladder
OR
q .
,
.
-( )-
(short form)
PLC,
PLC
2.34
Ladder.
192
( )
.
12
14
01
11
01
13
>
2.35
(Statement List)
LAD
CSF.
CSF
FUC,
(S) .
. ( )
.
. (
) .. =ad (
) .
: (.. , , ,
(. .
= 01
11 , 02,
S,
.).
11
AND , OR
=)
'
LN
1 LOAD COMPLEMENT
AND
, , ,
AND COMPLEMENT
, , ,
=
=
OR
, , ,
OR COMPLEMENT
, , ,
STORE
, ,
STORE COMPLEMENT
, ,
(STL)
, , ,
, , ,
LOAD
193
PLC
(data)
,
.
PLC
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3966/2011
, , .. . .
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I
1129
15/21
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(coyright), ,
: 2013
vn: 2.500
. . 362-13-05
v : I . =. -I . & . ..
: STAHOSIS .
..
0-24-0064
ISBN 978-960-06-2851-7
-
&
(01) 000000
1111
24 0064 8
..
~----------------------------~
..