ΗΛΕΚΤΡΟΛΟΓΙΑ-ΑΥΤΟΜΑΤΙΣΜΟΙ ΕΡΓΑΣΤΗΡΙΟ Β' ΤΑΞΗ PDF

-
: .iu,..,vn
I
'
MAPIA
TEXNIKA
nf
s- n -
, -
...
, . ,
...
,
, .
, -

, -
... / /
, -
, ...
, - ,
/ /
1.1.
1.2.
1.3.
........... ....... .............. ....................... .......... ..... 10

...... ......... ....................... .............. ............. 17
.............. .................. ... ............. ..... ... ......... ........ 23
2.1.
2.2.
...................................................................... 31
2.3.
........................................... 29
" ,
.............. 9
.. ..... ............. .......... ................... 35
. "
()
2.4.
.... ................. ... .... .......... 40
. "

3.1.
3.2.
............................................................................ 49
"
......... ....... ......... ................ ..... ............ ........ 42
............ .............. ............... ............ ........... .. .......... ....... ....... ....... 51
. "
3.3.
........................................... ..... 56
. "
...... ................ ....... ............ .......... 63
3.4.
... ....... ..... .............. ..... ........ 67
3.5.
(
)
.................. ......... ... ... .. .............. ............ .. ... .. .. ....................... 75
3.6.
3.7.
PTC
................... ....... ................................................ ....................... 95
3.10.
...................................................... 89
3.9.
...................... ........ ........ 84
3.8.
3.11.
........................................ .. ........................................... 101
4.1
...... ........ 80
.... .............. 107
........................... 111
.. 112
...
1 - - - -
~~ -...,..,.....-~-
IJ!IFAffJ:/J!IIAKif AfKJ:/fllf ffA J:IEKffjJKA MEFEJ:I

, :
:
(_,.
(_,.
(_,.
1.1.
()
.
()
.
1.2.
()
.
()
.
1.3.
)U
() y
.
() ()
.
10
- r
11

n..
:

.

,
,
.
la.~ qp.D.Jp.Q(J}..;

. ,
, . .
,
, , ,
.

()
.

. ,
.
, . ,
11

.

. +

1.1.1.
:
.
.
.
.
.

.
\
( , )
, ,
.
12
8
.
1.
( ) (
.
2.
3.
.;r
.
4.

:
.
.
. .
. .
,
, .
.
.
.
.
6.
1.1 .2.
. .
....-----il
--- ~----.
+
1.1.2.
13
7.
1.1.3.
1.1.3.
R2.
8.
9.
1.
R1
3, 4
1, 2
11 .
I.
11.
111 .
;
. ,
;
.
14
- AYrOMAJMOI
(
1.1.3)
Vl.

. :
, ,
, .

.

.
r___D11g.fL-=-.p_
- -
2 ou
:
.
.
.
.
.._np

.
( , )
, ,
.
,

.
15
.

.
_.__j_uJ_
1.
2.
1.2.1
1.2.1.
1.2.2.
3.
R1
R2.
, ,
2, 3, 4
5,6
1,
4.
5.
.
.
6.
7.
16
R1
R2
R3
~------------------~ r+__________________~
I.
1.2.2.
11.
111.
;
.
.
1.2
(_.
(_.

.
:

().

:
,
,
.
1.3.1.
- AYrOMAriMOI
18
. , ,
,
.
, ,
.
,

()
- n.r - u -

:
.
.
.
.

.
( , )
, ,
.

.

.
19
1.
( ) (
.
2.
3.
4.
1.3.2
).
5.
6.
1, 2
3.
R1
R2
7.
1.3.2. .
8.
20
I.
11.
111.
IV.
()

. :
, ,
, .
R1
R2
R3
L-----------------------~
1.4.1.
+V
~ .
~ .
21
. .
.
m

.
( , )
, ,
.

.
j q qq
1.
2.
1.4.1.

,
.
, ,
.
3.
4.

. ;
22
I.
- r
11.
;
111.
(
IV.
1.4.1) ;
V.
23
111

1.2
.

.

.
.
(),
() ().
()

:
,
, .
A11J11LQJJ_&JtD DWJL
- -
'1
24
8
.
8 ( , )
, ,
.
8

.
8
.
8
.
1.
2.
3.
, ,
25
4.
1.5.1.
1.5.1,
1,2
5.

() .
6.
7.
.
.
,
, .
8.
9.
10.
S.
S.
3,4
( -
11.
12.
13.
5,6,7
8.
.
;
11 .
26
111.
()

>
,
.

.
>--

. .
JL_'L. n_- p!f_- - q

:
.
,
.
.
.
Mrp.aJJpo.IauJa

.
(, )
, , -
. .....
. ....
~
. 27

.

.
1.
2.
3.
,
;
4.
5.
6.
7.

( ) .
.
8.
.
,
, .
; ;
;
9.
1.6.1.
, ,
1,2.
28
1.
1.6.1.
3,4,
11.
3, 4
12.
yr 1,2.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
I.
11 .
;

.
111.
IV.
29
-ri:
1R1Rf!f>1f&/JJ JE5Pl1111A.-ll
H'ifIU1JIWJ.11Slfll/1NY>1111~Iflllif9IIE
WA.VI</lf:
11lDV!Jt'llWY

,
:
..-
,
.
..-
..-
..-

, ,
, (

).
..-
,
,
, ,
(
).
30
- r
2.1.
,
.
2.2.
,
.
2.3.
,
.
().
2.4.
,
.
().
31
.1

u. r.XQJ
,
,
.

,
, .
.

.
>>

,
.

.

.
:r-:~v
32
(y)

(thermocouple),

.
, . .
mV,
45mV
1OOAC
-3.3
R, S, , J,
,
.
(NTC) .
(PTC)
PTC
20 mA.
120 AC)
20.000

.
.
,

,
,
, .
. .- - -

:
.
.
.
.
.
.
(, , .).
(, )
, ,
j r
. .
1. .
2 . .
3. .
4. .
5.
34
6.
.
. .
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
,
, .
88.
a .
pf
m.
,

, , ,
.
,,g,,
4.1, 4.2,
4.3.
4,
( ,
),

CUT -IN,
STOP
ST ART
CUT- OUT.
DIFF.
START
STOP + DIFF
ST ART
(, , )

,
.
te
ST ART
STOP,
= START + STOP
STOP
DIFF

:
.

DIFF = 1C- 2C.
. ,
DIFF
=3C- 4C.
. ,
DIFF = 8C- 10C.

.

.
()

,
.

.
u u
- -
.
( ) .
2 -20C
+50C.
pi
( , )
, ,
, ,

.
,

,
.
pi
.
,
.
38
. "

. . t
= - 2C,
= 1C.
.
, .
DIFF = 3- 4C,
DIFF = 3C.
,
START
STOP
. :
em
START + STOP
2
2,5 + (-Q,5) _ 1oc

2
-
DIFF = 1C- 3C
()
DIFF = 8 C- 10C.
(
)

.
. ,
:
2. .
39
e=
DIFF
START
STOP

m .
pt
..
Epyai
2.3
,

.
()
't
C
_.
,

.
C
_.
>-
a-
>-
4.4
.
.
, :
=
, .
~ =
,
.
( )
( ) ,
.
,

,
.
. .
,
. :
( ),
STOP
( )
DIFF
ST ART
().
START
= STOP- DIFF
DIFF
START- STOP.
,
.
..
R22, R134a, .
RANGE
8
START
DIFF
START
STOP.
- - -
~
:
.
.

.
<- v
42
-
.
-20C
+ 60C.
(, )
, ,
.
, ,

.

.
,
.
1.
2.
(t8 )
.
.
3.
4.
2 -3AC
t8 .
5.
(STR ,
6.
START
(DIFF)
(STOP)
15-20 lb I in2 (PSI) 5-1 PSI -
0
. :
43
STOP =
START- DIFF.
7.
8.
STOP.
, ,
,
.
9.
6

. .
1.
11 .
(1 bar=100 kPa).
2C
1C
START
START
DIFF
( )
STOP
STOP
-1 oc
-1 oc
2 ,0
3,8
Bar
Bar
1,1
1,1
Bar
Bar
0,8
2,7
Bar
Bar
4C
-1 oc
- v
2.4
.

j r
C
_.
,

.
c_.

(),

.
J.p

m ,
.

(reset).
(STOP).
pq
)'
.
.
.
.
(, )
, ,
.
, ,
,

,
.

.
1.
2.
10 - 16AC
,
.
3.
- ,
.
4.
STOP
5.
47
6.
(DIFF) 20 30 lb/i n2
. ,
:
STOP
= START + DIFF.

,
:
3
~
STOP
""
- -- -
!
~
n r
,
:
c..c..c..c..c..-
(
).
PTC.
3.1.
3.2.
.
.
3.3.
.
.
3.4.
~
.
50
3.5.
( ) .
3.6.
3.7.
3.8.
3.9.
PTC
3.10.
3.11.
51
3.1

/
,
.
( ).
, (
) ,
. ,
( )
.

. ,
, :
1.
,
.
2.
,
, .
, ,
, .
, , ,
.
52
,
.

.
3.1
3.2.
~ ~
'
-V-
3.1.
~ ~
'
-V-
3.2.
Q q
.
.
( ) .
<- J
54
1.

( ).
Rx1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
( ).
, , ,
.

7.
7-11 .
12-16.

. .
8.
9.
I.
10.
I,
11.
<< >>

12.
I.
U u 1
13.
14.
15.
2 .
16.
11
w 3
<< >>

11.
17.
18.
19.
,
, .
55
I.

KINHTHPA

11 .
U-u
KINHTHPA

Vv
W-w
I.
11 .
;
;
111.
; ;
; ;
.
.
;
m ;
- r
3.2
.

u
c.-.

() .
( )
().
c.-.

() ,
.
QJJ.p

.
. ,
, .

.
.
:
I.
(normally open -
),
11.
(normally closed NC)
.
:
24
220
. ,
, ,
'
. ,
, :

a .

,
( 3.2.1., ).
1.
.
1.
.
3.2.1.
, :
. (), .
(NC),
. ,
24
, -
58
(220
, (

220
NC).
( )

10

, .
220
24
(). m
,

. ,

L1
3.2.2.
L2
1 2,
3.2.2.
59
LL1
LL2
"-
1 a.------------.
220V/24V
1
L1
L2
'/

3.2.2.
()
_ .
,
220 24 ,
,
220 ,
m
,

(),
- 220 - 380
.

(, ).

, ,
.
j l1J1]
1.
2.
LL 1
LL2
.
m
, 1 2 .
3.

1 .
4.

2 -
2, .
5.
1
.
6.
2
2 ,
.
7.
( 5 ).
8.
( 6
).
9.
10.
.
. ( ).
11.
.
,

12.
220
, ..
380

1
2.

(..
24
).
13.
(24
) . ,
.
.
14.
a 1.
, .
15.
(1
),
1 2
.

(..
220
).
16.
1 ,

1, 2 .

I.
.
(..
17.
220 V).
NC,
NC.
1 2
I.
(..
220V).
NC
18.
19.
20.
3.3.
NC
I.
11.
111.
IV.
;
;
;
( )
;
63
3.3
HAEKTPIKO

() .
( ) .

, .
()
.

, .
, ,
.

.

.
( )
( ).
3.3.1.
1 2 ,
L1
L2,
1 2.
'
-V-
3.3.1.
()
. : )
1 , 2 , )
L 1,
, )
L2,
2.
,
.
65
, ,
.
(. . ) .
j q qq
1.

1 , 2 .
(.. 5).

. , ,
.
,
,
.
2.
3.

.
. ,
(NC)
. ,
(). ,
, a
NC
a-
4.
I.
5.
6.
7.
8.
NC.
66
- v
I.

: ...... ...... .
NC

1-
2-
3-
I.
11.
( )
3.4
c..-
c..-
q.
20
NC,
3.4.1).
220
24
3.4.1
1-2 4-5 ,
4-6 NC.
1-3

1 2

3.4.2
220V/24V
'/

3.4.2
I.
L-N:
11.
220
, , , :
111.
1 , 2:
1, 2:
.
.
.
1, 2 :
1 -2:
1 -3:
NC
1- 2: ()
220 ,
m,
22/24 ,

NC,
,
,
,
,
.
p pq
() .
, ,
.
70
n

1.
3.4.2.
2.

1 2 m .
3.
1 2 1 2 .
4.
5.
() 1 .
6.

1.
7.
() 2 .
8.
m
2.
9.
1.
. 2
.
11.
NC
2 .
12.
.
1
2 .
13.
14.
220
, ..
380
.
1

2.

(..
24
) .
15.
71
(..
220 V).
16.
1 3
(. .
V).
1 ,

2
2 , 3
I.
.
.

, .
17.
NC,
(..
220 V).
m.
1 2
(..
(..
V).
1.
220 V).
(..
18.
220V).
1
I
(..

2 .

NC
220 V).
3
(..
V).
19.
20.
.
.
21.
22.
(.. ).
23.

1 , 2 .

11 (.. 5) .
. , , -
<-
,
,
.
24.
3.
(NC)
. ,
() . ,
, a
NC
a-
25.
11.
26.
NC.
27.
28.
I.
1-2
1: 2-
NC: 1-3
2: 3-

74
. -
11.
NC
1-2
1-3
I.
11.
111.
;
;
;
. ;
. ( )
;
. (
;
NC)
HAEKTPIKH
75
3.5
c.-.
.
( )
.
c.-.

,
.
75%
'
,
81
3.5.
. ()
82.
,
,
.
81
82
(3-7
a-
. ,
82
81
- 75%
,
.
82
81.
, ,
.

1.
"-
--------,
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
s
S1
"-
S2
"-
3.5
.
.
3.5.
- - -

:
..
16.
< 1 .
.
.
.
.

" .

.
,

().

, ,
.
1.
()
82
2.
()
3.
8-
8-81 .
82
81.
L1
4.
78
5.
t<- v
6.
7.
.
.
8.
.
.
(..
9.
18
).
(-3,5
).
m,
. .

(..
3,5
).
,
.
1.
. .
11.
12.
.
.
I.
[]
[]
79
1.
2.
3.
4.
;
( )
;
.'
<- v
3.6
.
p r
c~

.
( )
().
C~

,
.

.

m
75%
.
()
.
,
. , ,
().

.

.
( )
( ).
3.6.
'
-V-
0 0
.....
L1
..
r -~ ~
J_
--2 ~
:L - - - - - - - - -..~
'---~
3.6
()

- p - -
..
16 .
< 1 .
t< - v
82
.
.
p p
.
m ll[]UJ
1.
1-1 12.
2.
3.
1
2 . ,
( ) .
4.
1
1 .
( ) (
) . ,
5.
6.
I.
[]
[]
[]
1.
2.
3.
( )
;
3.7

mj
..-
( )
().
..-

,
.
pp
75%
(NC),
75%
,
. , ,
,
. ,
-
.............
NC
3.7).
. ,
,
. ,
.
2,
3.7).
NC
,
. ,
.

. , , ,

,
.
3.7.
"-
S1
"-..._
.------,
2
1
J1
I _____________
S2
3.7
r;
,
,
,
,
,

.
87
p pw
~ .

.
() .

, ,
.
1.
2.
3.
81
4.
82
5.
6.
7.
81.
8.
9.
m. .
.
1.
11.
I.

(. . ). , -
,
.
12.
13.
14.
15.
I.
16.
, .
.
17.
18.
I.
[]
[]
[]
[]
[]
I.
11.
111 .
;
( )
();
IV.
( )
;
HAEKTPlKH
3.8
HAEKTPOKINHTHPA
.
_.
. (
) (
).
(_.

:,
.
.
.

(NC):
81.
82
,
, . , ,

.
.
,
,
90

. '
75%
, .
,
( )
.
, ,
.

. a
.
L-T1
L-T2
NC.
. ,
,
, .
.
, .
3.8.
91
'-
81 -........
.------,
--------1
t
82
3.8
- -
,
,
,
,

.

() .

, ,
1.
2.
3.
L1
4.
5.
81
82
6.
7.

. .
8.
. ,
.
9.

. . .
1.
.
.

11.
I.
.
.

I.
12.
( )
,
( ) .
,
13.
14.
. a
.
15.
1-1.
(.. )
16.
1-2.
(.. )
17.
I.
I.
15- 16
, .
18.
19.
I.
[)
[)
[)
[]
-
94
- v
I.
11.
111. ;
IV.
( )
();
. ( )
3.9
PTC
/
m t
_..
PTC
. ( )
PTC
().
_..
PTC
CJ

PTC
(positie
temperature coefficient -
)J
1/3
80C-120C ,
3-10 (
10.000-20.000 (
).

, (
3.9).
,
,
10.000 - 20.000
.
/
0,01 - 0,02
, . -
- r

.
,
,
.
(..
3-5
).

, .
81
PTC
3.9.
PTC
1 2.
LL1 --~8-------
LL2 ----.f----8---
S1
S2
! 82 - - - - - - -
2
..,.:
--------
3.9
PTC
98
,
,
,

( , ).

, ,
.
1.
2.
3.
S2
4.
5.
S1
S1
6.
7.

. .
8.
, m
99
.
.
,
.
9.
10.

. .
11 .
2.
, a
(..

12.
10.000
) .
I.
1 2.
(..
).
a
, .
13.
14.
I.
PTC
PTC
[]
[]
[]
[]
100
I.
11.
;
;
111. PTC ;
IV.
( )
();
V.
( )
;
3.10
J

_ ;
_.
.
( )
( ).
_.

, ,

.
Cp

( ).

220
, ,
, .
220
24
.

, .
3.10.1).
1 ()
.
.
,
R-L-C.
,
a
, 1
2 :
=-
V1
V2
11 12
:
r------+-----
3.10.1
( ).

V1 ,
3.10.2.
2 .
1 2 .
=-
3.1 0.2.
()
4.
LL1--a--LL2
- - + - -1!1--
r------+-----
--------------
3.10.2
u zu
220
,
,
,

.
r.

, ,
1.
1 2
( . .
).
, ,
, .
2.
(..
0,5
).
, , ,
.
.
3.
I.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
1 2
9.
1.
11.
12.
11.
. ,
.
13.
11.
14.
15.
.
n
.
106
I.
I.
11.
111 . ;
IV.
( )
;
V.
3.11

p -r
co-
C~
( , )
, ,
.
1.
2.
3.
- t
4.
5.
, ,
6.
7.
I.
8.
a , , , , a
, (
11).
9.
1.
I.
3
4
6
7
8
9
[Hz]
(Volt]
(]
(Watt]
[]
109
I.
[]
(Watt]
(Watt]
[]
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
I.
11.
;
, ;
111. ;
111
<f if
.
.
,
4.1
4.2
4.1

my '{
c.-.
c.-.

,
, , .. .

, ,
. u
I
-
(, ) , (
) .
, ( ) .
0-20V
1 .
.
(, )
, ,
.
1.
.
, , , , ,
, .
.
2.
3.
4.

. (
.
).
.
5.
( ), :
,
.
>-
(R
>-
1).
114
~

.
,

.
(R
1).

. ( ,
,
1000
)
~
6.
1.7.1.
R=10
,
).
+
D
4. 1.1.
7.
8.
0,01 - 0.03 - 0,05 - 0,07 -
0,6- 0,8 - 1 - 2- 3 - 4- 5 mA,
, 1
9.
- 0,2 - 0,4 -
D.
10.
11.
book)
(data
. -
115
( ).
12.
13.
,
, ,
, (
),
.
14.
, ,
. (
- ,
.
, - ).
pj
I.
Epyaai
11.
111.
R = 1
1.7.1;
.
;
.
;
.
.
116
4.2
r..-
..-

,
.
Jp.p

, ,
,
.
,
, .

(pins).
(data sheets
data books)

,
. .
, , , .

, .
(pins):
.
. ,
, ,
.
. ..
7805
(dual)
8, 14
(quad)
16 .
5 .
.
,
AND, NAND, OR, NOR, XOR,
,
.
pins
20).
,
.
.
(data sheets data books).

.
118
1.

.
.
2.
7905, 7912,
7815.
3.
,
,
4.
+5V, +24V, -5V
-24V.
( )
.
5.
,
(
) .
6.
7400,
7.
, ,
.
8.
,
.
-
----~--------------~------~
I.
119
11.
111.
. ;
.
;
. ;
.
.
- - 0
5 __ .;
PLC
r
,
PLC,
. ,

PLC.
>>
PLC.
5.1
5.2
122
5.1

. ,
t/
. .
~ ------1.------ -:-:
F2
--~--------~----~
l
5.1.1
Hl
5.1.2
S2
(STAR), 1 a
1( 13-14),
,
.
(1 ), 1 (23-24)
(2) ! 1(21-22).
NC
81
123
(8) , 1

. ( 1)
(2) .
PLC
81
11
8 ART
82
12
01
02
03
(
)
(
)
PLC
- r
PLC
Ql
.,..
--~~~~------~--------------~-----------
u--~~~~------~---------------+-.----------
5 ~~----~----------------+-~~------
L3--- --------------~~------~---+-+-+-------
-------------
F1
5.1.3.
PLC
-.
Ladder
<}-; 01
}-;02
-v,.,....._- - - - - - - - - - { ( }-; 3
5.1.4 Ladder.
CSF
STL
12
01
01
02
g
01
& 03
=
=
5.1.5 CSF
12
01
11
01
02
11
01
03
126
- v
5.2

.
:
>
(82)
(81)

1.
PLC
01
PLC.

.
.
:
01 = 81 . 82 . 01
(1)
1.
2.
81
82,
81
82.
, -
01, .
. ,

01.
1 :
01
S1
S2)
, :
01 = S1 S2 01
(2)
2 :
(
S2
S1,
01 = S1 S2 01
(3)
OR
01 = S1 S2 01 + S1 S2 01 + S1 S2 01
(4)
S1
11
S2
12
01
02
.

.
PLC
- v
PLC
Q1
..,...
Ll----~-~~--~----------------~----------~----~-~~----~----------------~~------
L3----.....::....~::..._---t------------....,...---t-t--,.-----
N --------------~~---------+----~~----~~
--- - - -- - -
----
5.2. 1
PLC
Ladder
< )- 01
)-2
-{~~----------(( 3
5.2.2 Ladder.
STL
CSF
12
01
01
02
=
=
n--ol
01~03
5.2.3 CSF.
02
11
01
02
12
01
11
01
129
1.
2.
'PLC'
133
1.1
"
1.2
: '
1.3
135

p .

, , , .
:
" ,
.
"
.
"

1.1
, , .,
,
2,
,
.

(Si)
(Ge)
(),
(As),
() .
(Cu),
(Fe),
(), .
, , , .
.
136
(Si0 2 )
.

.
, a
, ,

()

(5 + 4 = 9).
"
(3+4=7)
3.1.1
()
==
11
11
11
11
11
11
= =
='=
11
11
11
11
11
11
='
3.1.1
() ()
n .
==
11
11
11
11
11
11
=@=
= =
' @=@
==
()
()
()
1.1.1
1.1.1
137
. ,
, ,
,
,
.
, .
. , -
a
.
0,3
0,7
''" ,
"" . 3 . 1 . 2()
3.1.2() .
- -.....
..._--..-1
()
()
1.1.2 pn
pn
i, ,

, ,
10 .
( )
.
(RF
= ).
3.1 .3
- v
138
0,7V
1.1.3
0,7 V.
m
.
(RR
= ).
3.1.4
1.1.4
= 1 k.
=12
) ,
(RF
= )
RR =1
0,7
) :
) :
I -
D-
I
12V
= 12
RL + RR- 1000 + 1000000 -
RR=1M
~R,=1
. . _____.-

pn
a .

)--
(V Fmax),
)-- IFmax
)--
IR,
(VRRM),
140
(RF ,RR ),
~ , 0 .

pn
~ (
~
Varicap)
Zener) ,
Schottky ( Schottky).
ci,
.

. .
88419,
1 06.
1,
. .
14001.
3.1.2().

3.1.
1.1
Schottly
.. r
Varica
~r--
Zener
.."":J(
1.1.2 (Transistor)
reSISTOR
TRANsfer
( ).
.
.

npn
pnp.
141
>- ''"
>-
""
(emitter),
(base)
>-
"C" (collector).

,
.

3.1.5,
(), () 3.1.5()
Transistor:
()
()
npn
1.1.5
pnp
()

.
. ,
:
>-
-
- .
>-
( 18
, ).
>-
(IE"" lc)
, .
- v
142
100
300.
lc
= c ls
,

.
IE
= ls + lc
-
-
, .
.
.
(common emitter
(common base
configration,
configration,
CE),
CB)
(common collector configuration, CC).
,
, .

npn
, . '
pnp
, ,
, .
(
) ..C127 .

, .. 22222 22904.
~ cc
~ 18 ,
hFE
~ ,
~ -
VcEo
143
(bipo/ar jnction transistor,
J).
( )
3.1.6.),
F), (
(Drain, D)
FET
(Gate G),
(Source, S)
transistor.
()
()
1.1. 6 F.E. .
1.1.3 (Thyristor)

.
pnpn
(), ()
(gate, G)
. , ,
G,
(firing).
3.1.7.
1.1.7
,
, -
144
, .
(si/icon controlled rectifier, S.C.R),
.

( ) ,
(
100
1000V ) .
:
>- (IG) ,
>- (V)
>-
>-
(VGM) ,
(IRRM) ,
>- ( GM) .

,

(DIAC)
(RIAC).
DIAC
TRIAC
()
()
DIAC
TRIAC
1.1.8 DIAC, TRIAC.
3.1.8.
DIAC
TRIAC
1.2
pt
1.2.1 p
a ,

145
. , ,

.
:
> ,
> .

,
(D)
3.2.1.
(R),
, .
. ,
,
.
Vo
1.2.1
3.2.2).

. .
Vo
1.2.2
146
( )

1.2.3
1.2.2
(ripple)
3.2.3.
.
.. ,
.
, , ,
( ).

mi
3.2.4.
mo > mi
Vo
1.2.4
147
. :
~ , ,
(Gain, G)
db
1Odb
..
30 db,
1000
20 db 100
, ..
(Bandwidth)
()
G0
.
.
3.2.5.

.
(G)
Go
(f)
----8--
1.3
pt
1.2.5.
(integrated circuits, I.C.).
48
(pins).
4,8, 14, 16, 24
148
,
. ,
, () , , , .

3.3.1.
1.3.1

, , ,

.
, ,
, , .

, ,
,

(
3.3.2).
tr
@1J
1.3.2
149
,
.
, , ,
() .

p.
pn
.
.

p pp. ,
(), (), ()
(
CE ).
<- v

, .

, .
(I.C.)
(,9J - - l
1.
2.
3.
a ;
4.
5.
6.
a _
7.
8.
9.
151
10.
. a
. a
.
11 .
pn
. ,3
. ,5
. ,3- ,
. 0,7
12.
. :
.
.
13.
npn
.
.
14.

( , , , , ..)

.
15.
.I
153
EAEfXOY - PLC
AND, OR.
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
11'0 fr
2.8
' r f
2.9
'f
- PLC
(BMS)
~{\\ \

. :
, :
PLC
'
.
'

AND, OR,
. .
'
, .. ,
( ).
~
.
~
.
'
,
.
~
(,

AND, OR
Boole
, .. .
- r
156
'

.
' ,
, .., .
'

(PLC).
' PLC
, .
2.1
(
),
,
(
) .

:
) (
AND, OR
) (
, .. ,
, , a, .
( ) .
( ).
( ) .
( , ..
, , .).
157
,
..
PLCs).
, , .
2.2
2.2.1
Boo/e
ON!OFF,
(
) .
bit (binary digit-
1)
) .
1,
, ,
, ,
, .
,
, ,
,
,
.
George Boole.
Boole
,
,
, :
=1 = 0
1 (= 1) ,
- v
= 0).
..
I =1.
I =1 .
=1. = .
= 1. .

v
v
v

'
(AND)
(OR)
Boole
= .
(")
(+)
/ ()
(-)
, :
v
v
v
: =
': = +
OXI : =
.
,
=1
= = =
1.
,
.
2.2.2
1 HIGH
1.
ANSI
2.1 (),
DIN
2.1().
159
()
()S
DIN
2. 1 KAi.
ANSI.
, , C , q.
.
2.2.
160
2.2 ANSI
. .
.
,
( . 2 . 3) .
2.3
(OR)
, .
. ,
(OR)
= 1 = 1,
= 1
1.
OR
16,
()
DIN
2.4
(OR) .
. (.
2.5)
2.5
(OR)
2. 1
r1
:
<

, .
162
&
>1
&
AC r----,
2.6
BC
(..)
14
. c

..
(+Vcc)
7432
740~
, .2 . 7
( ) . .
2.7
() . .
/ ()
. c
.
:
=
.
163
---0--v=
: () DIN
()ANSI
2.8
/ () .
(inerter) .
. .
7404
(.
2.9
/ . .
5404, Q
2.9).
NAND
( ),
NOR (OXI
).
AND
AND
OR
NAND
NOR
OR
~=+= +-
()
NOR
2.10 NAND NOR.
NAND
XOR
EOR
(Exclusie
NOR
OR)
. :
165
~~D-Y=A+i\-8
()
DIN
= -+
2.11
2.3
XOR
1
1
XOR
t AND,
OR,
NAND, NOR
EOR,
AND, OR
.
,
, ,
.
2.3.1
: 1
m
81 .
166
Fl
2
2.12
Hl
S1,
, m 1,
1(11-12) .
S1,
r '1.
J m.
S1
S1
'
16?
2.13
( )
R.
5V
1),
(
(
0),
0).
, ,
5V
1).
2.14
3/2.
( ) , . ,
,

(
1)
1.
, ,
, .
, m ( )
.
168
- J
: .
2.3.2 AND
: m 1 c
m
81
82
. c
-----.---------------Fl
Sll-
S21-
2.15 AND
p
m
81
1,
1(13-14).
82
2 ,
2(13- 14) 1 .
S1
S2
( )
+
R1
,......--...- -.....--
D2
R3
,
.;
2.16
AND
02,
SV
1)
01
SV
1)
0,7V
0).
OV
(15
0),
OV).
2.17 AND 3/2.
: ( )
, ,
, . ,
( ) ,
.
AND.
+U
S1
S2
4/2
'-------/ '-------/
2. 18
..
S1 S2, (
AND).
171
), ,
AND
()
. ,
,
4/2
)
.

( ).
2.3.3
OR
: 1
81 . 82
-------.---------------------F1
14
14
2.19
OR
1 ,
S1
1( 13-14) 1.

2 ,
S2
2(13-14) 1.
S1
S2
1 2,
1.
1
2 , 1.
'S1
52
i1
( ).
01
02
----~-+-----<:1
2.20 OR
D1
5V
5V
1),
D2
1).
,
, .
173
2.21
OR .
:
( ),
2.4
:
""
,
.
(Memory
(Memories)
circits)
(Storage
Units).
-.
2.4. 1
RESET
RESET
SET.
- r
/'
L1
(8

82,
1 a

(13-14).
F2
-~
82,
(8.

12
(R8.
81
,
-
RE8ET,
82,
81.
'
2.22 a
()
RESET
RE8ET.
SET!RESET
Flip-Fiop.
R!S
2.4.2
SET
L1-----r-------------------~--
81 (STOP)
S2
(S)
1
_______ I
----+----------------------
2.23
S2
SET.
(S,
1 a 1(13-
14)
STOP S1
(RESE.
81.
S2
(S)
2.5
STOP
(ON-delay timers)
(OFF-delay
timers).
2.5.1
t,
17
2.24
__r---L
01 :
I
L
11
:+-1-.:
2.25 / ON-de/ay.
1 m
S1
- ( ).
(1) .

ON-Delay
1(15-18)
1 . ,
1.
.
2.5.2
(off-delay)
,
. , , :r
117
t1
( ).
:i
11111111
t
2.26 /
OFF-Delay.
81
Mp------._------~-------1
2.27
81
( ) ,
~ ( 1).
r 1
81 ,
t1
2.6
.
:
,
, ,
2.6. 1
(sequence cascade)
(sequence control)
2.6.2
(mode section),
(command output).
( )
(operating cycle)
(step
conter).
..

(central control unit)
PLC
.

.
: , , .
2.7
1!r
(AND, OR,
, .),
.
. ,
,
, .

, p ()
.
,
( ) .
, ,
""
( ). ,
(
- Software)
(Hardware),
,
.
' ' Hardware ( )

- , ,
, , .
Software
( )
)
.
2. 7. 1

180
, ,
, , .
1960
(1
bit
electronic
processors).
,
PLCs.
2.28
-
.
2.7.2
,

(..
AND, OR,
, .).
(..
)
.

.

:
( "" )
: (
), ( ), -
181
V1f1
V12
.-----'-:-:--~ bit
C?li
pt
-.:rt~
2.28
j

!][!s

(Aiu)
-------+
()
/
~-------------------------------------J
2.29 .
- v
182
(ALU)
:
()
(1, 2, 3, 4, 5 6)

.
.
1 80
260
350
470
MS 100
695
MS
D 75,8
2.30
(1, 2, 3,
4, 5 6)
.
a

.
,
, , ,
( ), , -
. ,
(A/D
conerter)
8- .
,
.
v
v
1.
1.
v
v
1.
v
v
2.
2.
2.
6).
()
(..) .
,
- v
~ ... .
'
>
'_.
2.8
- PLC
------------------------------2.8. 1

(), , a .
(rogrammab/e
/ogic controlers)
, ,
PLC.
13
14
15
16
"
- f t - -
18
19
20
21
"
IT
3
5
6
1
8
11
12
13
14
lS
\6
PLCs
2.31 PLC PS14 -lntellectron.
1960
( ,
.).

(microrocessors).

:
(lnputs)
(processing),
(outputs),
(actuators).
, ,
.

, ,

(, .)

. (

WLC (wired logic controller -
).

PLC
( )
.

- /- (, , ,
.) .
; ( ).

"" ()
.
. ,
;
,
PLC,
,
.
, ,
,
. .
: ,
a.
PLC
2.8.2
PLCs
PLCs
.

(, , ).
a ,

PLC.
LED
( ).
,
, .
PLCs
, , ,
.. ( "
" " V'.

.
,
.
,
.
187
.
,

2.8.3
PLC
PLC,
. :
,
, , .
,
PLC
, , ..
,

/0.

., .. ,
, , .
2.8.4
PLC
PLC
(hardware),
(sensors),
(actuators)
(software)
(programmer).
188
:---------------1----------------:
I
I
I
I
:
:!!
C.P.U.
I
I
I
I
I
L--- ------------------------
---J
AI8Iri1IP&t
(SENSORS)
2.32
Hardware
CPU
PLC.
!,.
( )
Hardware
" '
Hardware
PLC
.
,

, ,
.
,
PLC
(comact nit) ( . .
) .
PLC.
24 Vdc
PLC
(, ,
.)
.
Hardware
(CPU)
PLC
CCU)
(central processing
nit
""
- CPU)
CCU
' ,
''"
>-
CPU :

(Program)
>-
"1 ".
(memory)
(Oata).
(Processor)
( ),

.
CCU.
(FLAGs)
(1-bit)
>-
/ (inpt/otpt mod/es)
/ /
CCU
/. , {lnpt
Mod/es)
(Sensors),
(Otpt Modles)
(Actuators)
.. -
, () .
/
(
24 Vdc
220 Vac.
PLC)
. ,

.
I (lnput)
, (Otput) ,
(Marker)
F (Fiag)
(imer) ( )
(Counter)
a.
, .
(sensors)
PLC
. ,

CCU
(Actators)

PLC
'
Software
()
Software
Hardware
/.
PLC
(CCU).
.
,
d< ,

CCU.
191
2.8.5
~
LAD (Ladder Oiagram) -
,
:
. .
:
~-:-::-'6-
~~~16
AND
2.33 Ladder
OR
q .
,
.

-( )-
(short form)
PLC,
PLC
2.34
Ladder.
192
.> CSF (Control System Flow chart) FUC (Fnction Chart) -

( )
.
12
14
01
11
01
13
>
2.35
(Statement List)
LAD
CSF.
CSF
FUC,
(S) .

. ( )
.
. (
) .. =ad (
) .
: (.. , , ,
(. .
= 01
11 , 02,
S,
.).
11
AND , OR
''" , "" "".
=)
'
LN
1 LOAD COMPLEMENT
AND
, , ,
AND COMPLEMENT
, , ,
=
=
OR
, , ,
OR COMPLEMENT
, , ,
STORE
, ,
STORE COMPLEMENT
, ,
(STL)
, , ,
, , ,
LOAD
193
PLC
(data)

,
.
PLC
. ,
.
. .
, ,
, .
STL
STL
21.8.6 PROGRAMMER
( )
, ,
b , PLC -
J\.
2.9
t (BMS).
, ,
m

(BMS -
Bilding
Managing Systems)
, , ,
, .

.

Siemens
(S ,
100.000
Desigo.
, , .

, ,
(Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition -
SCADA
) , ,
(PLC},
(, , ,
.)
.
(software).
(real time)
~-(
.
SCADA ,
.
Siemens,
Alle-
Bradley,
..
tr ,
@)
.' '
,
.
Boole
,
1 . -
OXI
NOR
XOR
NAND,
, ,
.
:
( ),
,
( )
.
(memory circuits)
(memories)
(storage
units).
Hardware
(ON-delay)
(OFF- delay).
( )
, ,
, .
Software
( )
)
m .
: ,
,
.
- v
( :
, ,
), ,

(ALU)
PLCs
__
(lnputs)
(Processing),
(Outputs),
(Actuators).
,
.
( ( )
, ,
,
BMS
PLC
, ,
, .
197
fQl
~ -
1.
2.
'1'
1)
HIGH
HIGH
LOW
( )
3.
4.
'1'
HIGH
LOW
LOW
HIGH
'1'
5.
OR
7.
AND, OR, );
6.
HIGH
AND
OR
8.
2.18;
9.
1.
7.27.
11.
12.
13.
<-
PLC
14.
(BMS);
, ;
3966/2011
, , .. . .
,
I
1946 ( 1946, 108,
1129
15/21
').
(coyright), ,
: 2013
vn: 2.500
. . 362-13-05
v : I . =. -I . & . ..
: STAHOSIS .
..
0-24-0064
ISBN 978-960-06-2851-7
-
&
(01) 000000
1111
24 0064 8
..
~----------------------------~
..

ΗΛΕΚΤΡΟΛΟΓΙΑ-ΑΥΤΟΜΑΤΙΣΜΟΙ ΕΡΓΑΣΤΗΡΙΟ Β' ΤΑΞΗ PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

ΗΛΕΚΤΡΟΛΟΓΙΑ-ΑΥΤΟΜΑΤΙΣΜΟΙ ΕΡΓΑΣΤΗΡΙΟ Β' ΤΑΞΗ PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

ΗΛΕΚΤΡΟΛΟΓΙΑ-ΑΥΤΟΜΑΤΙΣΜΟΙ ΕΡΓΑΣΤΗΡΙΟ Β' ΤΑΞΗ PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

-

........... ....... .............. ....................... .......... ..... 10

.............. .................. ... ............. ..... ... ......... ........ 23

.. ..... ............. .......... ................... 35

.... ................. ... .... .......... 40

......... ....... ......... ................ ..... ............ ........ 42

............ .............. ............... ............ ........... .. .......... ....... ....... ....... 51

...... ................ ....... ............ .......... 63

... ....... ..... .............. ..... ........ 67

.................. ......... ... ... .. .............. ............ .. ... .. .. ....................... 75

...................... ........ ........ 84

........................................ .. ........................................... 101

.... .............. 107

IJ!IFAffJ:/J!IIAKif AfKJ:/fllf ffA J:IEKffjJKA MEFEJ:I

JL_'L. n_- p!f_- - q

DIFF = 1C- 2C.

DIFF = 8C- 10C.

2,5 + (-Q,5) _ 1oc

15-20 lb I in2 (PSI) 5-1 PSI -

(normally closed NC)

0,01 - 0.03 - 0,05 - 0,07 -

0,6- 0,8 - 1 - 2- 3 - 4- 5 mA,

AND, NAND, OR, NOR, XOR,

+5V, +24V, -5V

(common collector configuration, CC).

(bipo/ar jnction transistor,

(si/icon controlled rectifier, S.C.R),

1.1.8 DIAC, TRIAC.

(integrated circuits, I.C.).

4,8, 14, 16, 24

bit (binary digit-

2.10 NAND NOR.

2.17 AND 3/2.

(central control unit)

' ' Hardware ( )

2.31 PLC PS14 -lntellectron.

WLC (wired logic controller -

LAD (Ladder Oiagram) -

.> CSF (Control System Flow chart) FUC (Fnction Chart) -

''" , "" "".

(Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition -

1946 ( 1946, 108,

You might also like