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    Rhe Ology

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    Mohammed Obadi
    This document discusses rheology and structures in the deeper crust. It notes that salt diapirs are examples of rocks behaving in a non-brittle fashion and flowing, especially over geologic time scales. Experiments need to investigate rock mechanics at higher temperatures and pressures to understand if granites could flow at depths of 20 km. The brittle-ductile transition in the crust is important as earthquakes are confined to the upper 10-15-20 km. Deformation in the lower crust results in ductile flow that can decouple the lower crust from the upper crust. Rocks exposed at the surface were originally as deep as 150 km and show evidence of ductile deformation processes like recrystallization.

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    Rhe Ology

    Uploaded by

    Mohammed Obadi
    23 views27 pages
    This document discusses rheology and structures in the deeper crust. It notes that salt diapirs are examples of rocks behaving in a non-brittle fashion and flowing, especially over geologic time scales. Experiments need to investigate rock mechanics at higher temperatures and pressures to understand if granites could flow at depths of 20 km. The brittle-ductile transition in the crust is important as earthquakes are confined to the upper 10-15-20 km. Deformation in the lower crust results in ductile flow that can decouple the lower crust from the upper crust. Rocks exposed at the surface were originally as deep as 150 km and show evidence of ductile deformation processes like recrystallization.

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    This document discusses rheology and structures in the deeper crust. It notes that salt diapirs are examples of rocks behaving in a non-brittle fashion and flowing, especially over geologic time scales. Experiments need to investigate rock mechanics at higher temperatures and pressures to understand if granites could flow at depths of 20 km. The brittle-ductile transition in the crust is important as earthquakes are confined to the upper 10-15-20 km. Deformation in the lower crust results in ductile flow that can decouple the lower crust from the upper crust. Rocks exposed at the surface were originally as deep as 150 km and show evidence of ductile deformation processes like recrystallization.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    23 views27 pages

    Rhe Ology

    Uploaded by

    Mohammed Obadi
    This document discusses rheology and structures in the deeper crust. It notes that salt diapirs are examples of rocks behaving in a non-brittle fashion and flowing, especially over geologic time scales. Experiments need to investigate rock mechanics at higher temperatures and pressures to understand if granites could flow at depths of 20 km. The brittle-ductile transition in the crust is important as earthquakes are confined to the upper 10-15-20 km. Deformation in the lower crust results in ductile flow that can decouple the lower crust from the upper crust. Rocks exposed at the surface were originally as deep as 150 km and show evidence of ductile deformation processes like recrystallization.

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    of 27

    Rheology

    Structuresofthedeepercrust
    Anintro3/19.02

    Outlineoftodays

    Weakrocksandflow
    Diapirismofsalt
    StressstrainexperimentsathigherP,T
    Thebrittleductiletransition
    Deformationandrecrystallization

    Saltdiapirsknownforalongtime
    Intrudesedimentarysections
    Importantoiltraps

    DIAPIRS

    GulfofMexico
    saltdiapirs

    Someofthebestofallsaltdiapirs_Zagros,Iran

    SaltValleyUtah

    Crosssectionthroughdiapirs

    QuickTime and a
    Cinepak decompressor
    are needed to see this picture.

    QuickTime and a
    Cinepak decompressor
    are needed to see this picture.

    Whatdowelearnfromsalt?
    Rockscanbehaveinanonbrittlefashion
    Flowofrocks!!(especiallyovergeologictime
    scales)
    NeedtoinvestigatetherockmechanicsathigherT
    andP;couldgranitesflowat20km?
    Rememberthatcrustalearthquakesareconfined
    towithintheupper101520km;anymechanical
    significance?

    Limitationof
    experiments:
    sizeofthe
    system
    matters,
    maybe,but
    most
    importantly
    TIME
    Strainrateis
    therateover
    which%
    deformationis
    applied

    Thebrittleandtheductilecrust

    Theimplications

    Earthquakesnodeeperthantransition
    Lowercrustcanflow!!!
    Lowercrustdecoupledfromuppercrust
    Nostrengthtothedeepercrust.

    Amorecompletepicture

    Andsohowdoesaductilerocklooklike?Canwesee
    thematthesurfaceoftheEarth?Canwesimulatetheir
    textures?Canwestudytheirstrain/stressregimes?

    Suchrocksarecommonlyexposedthroughout
    thecontinents.Notascommonastheshallow
    rocks,ofcourse.Rocksthatwereatasdeepas
    150KmareseenatthesurfaceoftheEarth
    sometimestheycontaindiamonds!!!!!!
    SOOOwecanattempttostudydeformationin
    thedeeperEarth.

    pr

    de
    a
    r
    og
    de
    a
    r
    rog
    t
    e
    r

    Relationshipsbetweendeformationandmetamorphism
    Connectionbetweenstructuralprocessesandmetamorphism;
    Tectonitesaresubjecttograinsizereductionbutbecausethisprocess
    takeplaceathighpressurestemperatures,tectonitesarealsosubjectto
    graingrowthviarecrystallization.
    time

    Staticrecrystallization

    Dynamicrecrystallization

    Rotationofgrains

    Summary
    Continuousdeformationinthedeepercrust
    ismostlyductile;
    Effectivelyrockscanflowovergeologic
    timescales
    Forgetfaults,largescalefolds;instead
    penetrativedeformationatsmallerscale
    Deformationisintimatelyassociatedwith
    metamorphism

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