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Air Vessel Sizing For Water Hammer Prevention in Pipelines
Air Vessel Sizing For Water Hammer Prevention in Pipelines
Reference: Simple Guide for Design of Air Vessels for Water Hammer Protection of Pumping L
http://www2.ce.metu.edu.tr/~ce534/links/docs/CE534-WebFiles/air-chamber.pdf
Figure 2: Maximum and minimum head envelopes based on incompressible flow theory
S'
where:
S' =
S0 =
g=
Ho =
A=
L=
v0 =
Hmin =
Hmax =
S0 g H 0
A L v0
------------------- (1)
Dimensionless parameter
For majority air vessel volume calculations consider the following values
H min
0. 4
H0
and
H max
H0
1 .4
S0
A L v0
g H0
----------(2)
----------------(3)
S S0 S w
where:
S=
Sw =
Sw
------------(4)
where:
hmin H 0 H min
----------(5)
Calculations
Inputs
Safety factor
on Vessel
Volume
(L/D)vessel =
Outputs
A=
S0 =
hmin =
Sw =
S=
S with SF =
Dvessel =
Lvessel =
(Hmin / H0 = 0.4)
0.4
410 m
900 mm
18000 m
1.4 m/s
1
2.38
Liquid
Air Vessel
0.636 m2
5.6 m3
246 m
9.3 m3
14.9 m3
14.9 m3
2.00 m
4.75 m
d0
L=
v0 =
Outlet
S' =
Hmin / H0 =
H0 =
dp =
Inlet
Pipeline
2. Size needs to be verified based on point number 1 to ensure that velocity is kept at or below 10 m/
Inlet Connection
di
v0
d p g hmax
1/ 4
where:
di =
dp =
-----------(6)
------------(7)
hmax H max H 0
Since Hmax = 1.4*H0,
hmax 0.4 H 0
Re-arranging equation (6), we get
2
di
v0
dp
g 0.4 H 0
1/ 4
1
2
900 mm
1.4 m/s
410 m
225 mm
8.9 inch
118.9 mm
4.7 inch
10 inch
6 inch
Ankur Srivastava
Chemical Engineer
ankur_2061@hotmail.com
le flow theory
di
Inlet
dp