23 - ATOMS, MOLECULES AND NUCLEI

Page 1

( Answers at the end of all questions )

27

125

1)

If the radius of the 13Al nucleus is estimated to be 3.6 fermi, then the radius of 52Te
nucleus will be nearly
( a ) 8 fermi
( b ) 6 fermi
( c ) 5 fermi
( d ) 4 fermi
[ AIEEE 2005 ]

2)

Starting with a sample of pure Cu , 7 8th of it decays into Zn in 15 min tes. The
corresponding half-life is
( a ) 15 minutes ( b ) 10 minutes ( c ) 7.5 minutes ( d ) 5 minutes
[ AIEEE 2005 ]

3)

The diagram shows the energy levels for an electron

in a certain atom. Which transition shown represents
the emission of a photon with the most energy
(b)

ce
.c

( a ) IV

om

66

(c)

(d)

[ AIEEE 2005 ]

A nuclear transformation is de noted by X ( n

nucleus of element X ?
10
12
11
( b ) 6C
( c ) 4Be
(d)
( a ) 5B

) 3Li . Which of

ra

4)

5B

the following is the

[ AIEEE 2005 ]

If the kinetic energy of a free elect on doubles, its de-Broglie wavelength changes by the
factor
(a) 2
(b) 1 2
( c ) 2
2
( d ) 1 / 2
[ AIEEE 2005 ]

6)

A nucleus disintegrates into two nuclear parts which have their velocities in the ratio
2 : 1. The ratio of their n clea s zes will be

(c)

1
2
3 :1

(d)

1
3
1: 2

[ AIEEE 2004 ]
4

The binding energy p r nucleon of deuteron ( 1H ) and helium nucleus ( 2He ) is

1.1 MeV and 7 MeV respectively. If t wo deuteron nuclei reacts to form a single helium
nucleus, hen the energy released is
[ AIEEE 2004 ]
( a ) 13.9 MeV ( b ) 26.9 MeV
( c ) 23.6 MeV
( d ) 19.2 MeV

7)

(b) 1:

1
2

.e

(a)

1
3
2 :1

xa

5)

An particle of energy 5 MeV is scatter ed through 180 by a fixed uranium nucleus.

Th distance of the closest approach is of the order of

8)

( a ) 1 A

9)

10 )

( b ) 10

10

cm

( c ) 10

12

cm

( d ) 10

15

cm

[ AIEEE 2004 ]

238

When U
nucleus originally at rest, decays by emitting an alpha particle having speed
u, the recoil speed of the residual nucleus is
4u
4u
4u
4u
(b)
(c) (d)
[ AIEEE 2003 ]
(a) 238
238
234
234
A nucleus with

( a ) 74

Z = 92 e mits th e fo llowing in a seq uence

. The Z of the resulting nucleus is

( b ) 76
( c ) 78

( d ) 82

[ AIEEE 2003 ]

23 - ATOMS, MOLECULES AND NUCLEI

Page 2

( Answers at the end of all questions )

per year, then the half-life

11 ) If the radioactive decay constant of radium is 1.07 1 0
period is approximately equal to
( a ) 8900 yrs. ( b ) 7000 yrs.
( c ) 6500 yrs.
( d ) 5000 years
[ AIEEE 2003 ]

om

12 ) Which of the following cannot be emitted by radioactive substances during their decay ?
( a ) electrons ( b ) protons
( c ) neutrinos ( d ) helium nuclei
[ AIEEE 2003 ]
13 ) Which of the following atoms has the lowest ionization potential ?
16
14
123
14
( b ) 7N
( c ) 55Cs
( d ) 18Ar
( a ) 8O

[ AIEEE 2003 ]

ce
.c

14 ) If the binding energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom is 13 6 eV the energy required
++
is
to remove the electron from the first excited state of Li
AIEEE 2003 ]
( a ) 122.4 eV
( b ) 30.6 eV
( c ) 13.6 eV
( d ) 3.4 eV
[ AIEE
2

wavelengths involved in the spectrum of deut ium ( 1D ) are slightly different from
of hydrogen spectrum, because
size of the two nuclei are different
masses of the two nuclei are different
nuclear forces are different in the two cases
attraction between the electrons and the uc eus is different in two cases
[ AIEEE 2003 ]
2
3
4
16 ) In the nuclear fusion reaction, 1H + 1H
2He + n, given that the repulsive potential

ra

15 ) The
that
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

energy between the two nuclei is ~ 7 7 10

14

J, the temperature at which the gases must

23

xa

be heated to initiate the reac i n is nearly [ Boltzmanns constant k = 1.38 10

J/K]
9
7
5
3
( b ) 10 K
( c ) 10 K
( d ) 10 K
( a ) 10 K
[AIEEE 2003 ]

An electron changes its position from n = 2 to the or bit n = 4 of an atom. The

wavelength of the emitted radiations is ( R = Rydbergs constant )
16
16
16
16
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
[ AIEEE 2002 ]
3R
5R
R
7R

18 )

.e

17 ) If the second Bohrs rad us of hydrogen atom is 4a0, then the radius of the fifth Bohrs
orbit in hydrogen atom is
( b 10a0
( c ) 20a0
( d ) 25a0
[ AIEEE 2002 ]
( a ) 5a0

19 ) Hubbles law is based on the

( a ) Weins law
( b ) Stefans law

( c ) Dopplers effect

( d ) Law of gravitation
[ AIEEE 2002 ]

20 ) A radioactive sample at any instant has its disintegration rate of 5000 disintegrations per
minute. After 5 minutes, the rate is 1250 disintegrations per minute. The d ecay constant
per minute is
( a ) 0.8 ln 2 ( b ) 0.4 ln 2 ( c ) 0.2 ln 2 ( d ) 0.1 ln 2
[ AIEEE 2002 ]
21 ) If the wavelength K

of Z = 11 atom is

radiation wavelength is 4 will be

( a ) 44
( b ) 11
(c) 6

(d) 5

, then the atomic number of atom whose K

[ IIT 2005 ]

23 - ATOMS, MOLECULES AND NUCLEI

Page 3

( Answers at the end of all questions )

22 )

If the star can convert all the He nuclei completely into oxygen nuc lei, the energy
released per oxy gen nucleus is ( Mass o f He n ucleus is 4.0 026 amu a nd mass o f
oxygen nucleus is 15.9994 amu )
2005 ]
( a ) 7.6 MeV
( b ) 56.12 MeV
( c ) 10.24 MeV
( d ) 23.9 MeV
[ IIT 20

ce
.c

om

23 ) A photon of energ y 10.2 eV collides inelasticall y with stationary hydrogen atom in its
ground state and after a few micro-second, another photon of energy 15 eV co ides with
the hydrogen atom inelastically. Then a detector detects
( a ) one 10.2 eV photon and one 1.4 eV electron
( b ) one 3.4 eV photon and one 1.4 eV electron
( c ) two photons of 10.2 eV energy ( d ) two electrons of 1.4 eV energy
[ IIT 2005 ]
24 ) After 280 days, the activity of a radioactive sample is 6000 dps. The activity reduces to
3000 dps after another 140 days. The initial activity of the samp e in dps is
[ IIT 2004 ]
( a ) 6000
( b ) 9000
( c ) 3000
( d ) 24000

ra

25 ) T he electric potential between a pro ton and an electron is given by V = V0l ln ( r r0 ),

where r 0 is a constant. Assuming Bohrs mod l t be applicable, write variation of r n
with n, n being the principal quantum number.
2
2
n ( b ) rn
1 n ( c ) rn
n
( d ) rn
1 n
[ IIT 2003 ]
( a ) rn
26 ) For uranium nucleus, how does its mass va y with
w th volume ?
(b) m 1 V
257

(c) m

(a) m

(d) m

[ IIT 2003 ]
257
100Fm

is n times the

xa

27 ) If the atom 100Fm

follows t e Bohr model and the radius of
Bohr radius, then find n.
( a ) 100
( b ) 200
(c) 4
(d) 1/4

[ IIT 2003 ]

.e

28 ) A nucleus with ma s number 220 initially at rest emits an - particle. If the Q value of
the reaction is 5 5 MeV, calculate the kinetic energy of the - particle.
( a ) 4.4 MeV
( b ) 5.4 MeV
( c ) 5.6 MeV
( d ) 6.5 MeV
[ II
IIT 2003 ]
++

29 ) A h ydrogen atom and a Li

ion are both in the se cond excited state. If l H and l Li are
their respecti
angular momenta and EH and ELi are their respective energies, then
( a ) H > l i and E H > E Li
( b ) l H = l Li and E H < E Li

( c ) l H = l Li and E H

> E Li

( d ) l H < l Li and E H

[ IIT 2002 ]

E Li

215

215

At is 100 s. The time taken for the radioactivity of a sample of

At
30 ) The half-life of
o decay to 1 / 16th of its initial value is
( a ) 400 s
( b ) 6.3 s
( c ) 40 s
( d ) 300 s
[ IIT 2002 ]
- decay ?

31 ) Which of the following processes represents a

(a)
(c)

Xz +

Xz

Xz
A

+ a + b

Xz + f

(b)
(d)

Xz + n0

Xz + e

A 3
A

Xz

Xz

+ c
+ c

32 ) The electron emitted in beta radiation originate from

( a ) inner orbits of atoms
( b ) free electrons existing in nuclei
( c ) decay of a neutron in a nucleus ( d ) proton escaping from the nucleus

[ IIT 2002 ]

[ IIT 2001 ]

23 - ATOMS, MOLECULES AND NUCLEI

( Answers at the end of all questions )

A radioactive sample consists of t wo distinct species having equal number of atoms

and that of the other is 5. The deca y
initially. Th e mean life of one species is
products in both case s are stabl e. A plot is made of the total number of radioac
tive
nuclei as a function of time. Which of the following figures best represents the form of
this plot ?
[ IIT 2001 ]

ce
.c

om

33 )

Page 4

34 ) The transition from the state n = 4 to n = 3 in a hydr gen like atom results in ultraviolet
radiation. Infrared radiation will be obtained in the trans tion
(a) 2
1 (b) 3
2 (c) 4
2 (d)
4
[ IIT 2001 ]
Electrons with energy 80 keV are incident
nt on he tungsten target of an X-ray tube.
K-shell electrons of tungsten have - 72.5 k eV energy. X-ra ys emitted b y the tube
contain only
( a ) a continuous X-ray spectrum ( Br msstrahlung ) with a minimum wavelength of
~ 155 A
( b ) a continuous X-ray spectrum ( B emsstrahlung ) with all wavelengths.
( c ) the characteristic X-ray spec rum of tungsten
( d ) a continuous X-ray spectr m ( Bremsstrahlung ) with a minimum wavelength of
~ 155 A and the characteristic X-ray spectrum of tungsten
[ IIT 2000 ]

36 )

Imagi ne an atom made p of proton and a hypothetical particle of double the mass of
the electron but ha ing he same charge as the electron. Apply the Bohr atom model
and consider all po sible transitions of this hypothetical particle to the first excited level.
emitted has wavelength ( given in terms
The longest wave ength photon that will be em
of the Rydberg constant R for the hydrogen atom ) equal to
( a ) 9 / ( 5R )
( b ) 36 / ( 5R )
( c ) 18 / ( 5R )
(d) 4/R
[ IIT 2000 ]

.e

xa

ra

35 )

37 ) Bindin g energy per nucleon Vs mass numbe r

curve for nuclei is shown in figure. W, X, Y
a d Z are four nuclei indicated o n the c urve.
The process that would release energy is:
(a)

2Z

(b) W

X + Z

(c) W

2Y

(d) X

Y + Z
[ IIT 1999 ]

23 - ATOMS, MOLECULES AND NUCLEI

Page 5

( Answers at the end of all questions )

38 ) T wo radioactive materials X 1 and X 2 have decay constants 10 and respectively. If

initially they have the same number of nuclei, then the ratio of the number of nuclei of
X1 to that of X2 will be 1/e after a time
( a ) 1 / 10
( b ) 1 10
( c ) 11 / 10
(d) 1 9
[ IIT 2000 ]

ce
.c

om

39 ) The electron in a hydrogen atom makes a transition

ansition from an excited stat o the ground
state. Which of the following statements is true ?
( a ) Its kinetic energy increases and its potential and total energy decreas s.
( b ) Its kinetic energy decreases, potential energy increases and its tota energy remains
the same.
( c ) Its kinetic and total energy decreases and its potential energy inc ases.
( d ) Its kinetic, potential and total energy decreases.
[ IIT 2000 ]
27

kg )
Order of magnitude of density
ity of uranium nucleus is ( mp = 1 67 10
20
3
17
3
14
110
3
( b ) 0 kg m
( c ) 10 kg m
( ) 10
kg / m
[ IIT 1999 ]
( a ) 10 kg / m

40 )

22

Ne nucleus, after ab sorbing ene rgy, decays nto t wo -particles and an un known
nucleus. The unknown nucleus is
( a ) nitrogen
( b ) carbon
( c ) boron
( d ) oxygen
[ IIT 1999 ]

ra

41 )

xa

42 ) The half-life period of a rdaioactive element X is same as the mean life time of another
radioactive element Y. Initially both of hem have the same number of atoms. Then
( a ) X and Y have the same decay rate initially
( b ) X and Y decay at the same rat always
( c ) Y will decay at a faster ate han X
( d ) X will decay at a faste rate than Y
[ IIT 1999 ]

.e

43 ) Which of the following is a correct statement ?

( a ) Beta rays are s me as cathode rays
( b ) Gamma rays are hi h energy neutrons
( c ) alpha partic es are s ngly ionized helium atoms
( d ) Protons an neut ons have exactly the same mass
Let

44 )

the mass of p roton, m

nucleus and M 2 the mass of

( b ) M 2 > 2M 1

the mass of neutr on, M

the mass of

40 Ca nucleus. Then
20

( c ) M 2 < 2M 1

( d ) M 1 < 10 ( m n + m p )

20 Ne
10

[ IIT 1998 ]

( a ) M 2 = 2M 1

[ IIT 1999 ]

45 )

46 )

n2 where n1 and n 2 are

The e lectron in a h ydrogen atom makes a transition n 1
the principal quantum numbers of two states. Assume the Bohr model to be valid. The
time period of the electron in the initial state is eight times that in the final state. The
possible values of n1 and n1 are
( a ) n1 = 4, n2 = 2
b ) n1 = 8, n2 = 2
( c ) n1 = 8, n2 = 1 ( d ) n1 = 6, n2 = 3
[ IIT 1998 ]
131
The half life of 131 I is 8 days. Given a sample of
I
assert that
( a ) no nucleus will decay before t = 4 days
( b ) no nucleus will decay before t = 8 days
( c ) all nuclei will decay before
t = 16 days
( d ) a given nucleus may decay at any time after t = 0

at time

t = 0,

we can

[ IIT 1998 ]

23 - ATOMS, MOLECULES AND NUCLEI

Page 6

( Answers at the end of all questions )

47 ) As per Bohr model, the minimum energy ( in eV ) required to remove an electron from the
ground state of doubly ionized Li atom ( Z = 3 ) is
( a ) 1.51
( b ) 13.6
( c ) 40.8
( d ) 122.4
[ IIT 1997 ]
= 0.021 nm. The ene gy d fference

om

The K X-ray emission line of tungsten occurs at

in K and L levels in this atom is about
( a ) 0.51 MeV
( b ) 1.2 MeV
( c ) 59 keV

48 )

( d ) 13.6 eV

(b)

Zn 64

( c ) Cu
(d)

50 )

is radioactive, decaying to

64

Cu 64

ce
.c

64
64 are 63.92 98 u and
and
49 ) Masses of two isobars
29 Cu
30 Zn
respectively. It can be concluded from this data that
( a ) both the isobars are stable

Cu 64

through

63.9292 u

-decay

is radioactive, decaying to

Zn 64

though

-decay

is radioactive, decaying to

Zn

though

decay

64

IIT 1997 ]
[ IIT

[ IIT 1997 ]

Which of the following statement ( s ) is ( are ) correct ?

xa

ra

( a ) The rest mass of a stable nucleus is less than the sum of the rest masses of its
separated nucleons.
( b ) The rest mass of a stable nucl s is greater than the sum of the rest masses of
its separated nucleons.
( c ) In nuclear fusion, energy is released by fusing two nuclei of medium mass
( approximately 100 amu ).
( d ) In nuclear fission, ene gy is released by fragmentation of a very heavy nucleons.
[ IIT 1994 ]
Fast neutrons can easily be slowed down by
( a ) the use of lead sh elding
( b ) passing them through water
( c ) elastic collisions w h heavy nuclei ( d ) applying a strong electric field [ IIT 1994]

52 )

Consider
particles,
particles and
-rays, each hav ing an ene rgy of 0.5 MeV. In
increasing order of penetrating powers, the radiations are
(b)
(c)

(d)
[ IIT 1994 ]
(a)

.e

51 )

A star initially has 10

2
1H

deuterons. It produces energy via the following processes:

3
1H + p

+ 1H2

40

2
4 + n
and
+ 1H3
1H
2 He
The masses of the nuclei are as follows:
2
4
M ( H ) = 2.014 amu, M ( p ) = 1.007 amu, M ( n ) = 1.008 amu, M ( He ) = 4.001 amu
16
If the average power radiated by the star is 10 W, the deuteron supply of the star is
exhausted in a time of the order of
16
8
12
20
( a ) 10 sec ( b ) 10 sec ( c ) 10 sec ( d ) 10 sec
[ IIT 1993 ]

53 )

54 ) The d ecay constant of a rad ioactive sample is

sample are respectively given by
( a ) 1 / and ln2
( b ) ln2
and 1 /
( c ) ln2 and 1
( d ) / ln2 and 2

. The half -life and the mean -life of the

[ IIT 1989 ]

23 - ATOMS, MOLECULES AND NUCLEI

Page 7

( Answers at the end of all questions )

55 ) The potential difference applied to an X-ray tube is increased. As a result, in the emitted
radiation
( a ) the intensity increases
( b ) the minimum wavelength increases
( c ) the intensity remains unchanged
( d ) the minimum wavelength decreases
[ IIT 1988 ]

During a negative beta decay

( a ) an atomic electron is ejected
( b ) an electron which is already present within the nucleus is ejected
( c ) a neutron in the nucleus decays emitting an elect on
( d ) a part of the binding energy of the nucleus is c nverted into an electron
[ IIT 1987 ]

ce
.c

57 )

om

56 ) A fres hly prepared radioactive source of half life 2 hr emits ra diation of int nsity which
is 64 time s the permissible safe le vel. The minimum time after whi h it would be
possible to work safely with this source is
[ IIT 1988 ]
( a ) 6 hr
( b ) 12 hr
( c ) 24 hr
( d ) 128 hr

.e

During a nuclea fusion reaction

( a ) a heavy nuc eus breaks into two fragments by itself
( b ) a ligh nucleus bombarded by thermal neutrons breaks up
( c ) a heavy nuc eus bombarded by thermal neutrons breaks up
( d ) two ligh nuclei combine to give a heavier nucleus and possibly other products
[ IIT 1986 ]
The mass number of a nucleus is
( a ) a ways less than its atomic number
( b ) always more than its atomic number
( c ) sometimes equal to its atomic number
( d ) sometimes more than and sometimes equal to its atomic number
[ IIT 1986 ]
The X-ray beam coming from an X-ray tube will be
( a ) monochromatic
( b ) having all wavelengths smaller than a certain maximum wavelength
( c ) having all wavelengths larger than a certain minimum wavelength
( d ) having all wavelengths lying between a minimum and a maximum wavelength
[ IIT 1985 ]

59 )

xa

ra

58 ) F our physical quantities are listed in Column I. Their values are listed in Column II in
random order:
Column I
Column II
( i ) Thermal energy of air molecules
( e ) 0.02 eV
at room temperature
( ii ) Binding energy of heavy nucle
( f ) 2 eV
per nucleon
( iii ) X-ray photon energy
( g ) 1 KeV
( iv ) Photon energy of visible light
( h ) 7 MeV
The correct matching of column I and II is given by
( a ) i - e, ii - h, iii - g, i - f
( b ) i - e, ii - g, iii - f, iv h
( c ) i - f, ii - e, iii - g, iv h
( d ) i - f, ii - h, iii - e, iv - g
[ IIT 1987 ]

60 )

6 )

62 )

If elements with principal quantum number

number of possible elements would be
( a ) 60
( b ) 32
(c) 4
( d ) 64

n > 4

were not allowed in nature, the

[ IIT 1983 ]

23 - ATOMS, MOLECULES AND NUCLEI

Page 8

( Answers at the end of all questions )

From the following equations pick out the possible nuclear fusion reactions

( a ) 5 C13

+ 1H1

N14

1
1H

( b ) 6 C 12

(c) 7

( d ) 92

14 +
6C
13 +
7N
15 +
8O
140
34 Xe

+ 1H1

U235

+ 0

n1

4.3 MeV
2

MeV

7.3 MeV
+ 38 Sr 94

+ 2 0 n1 +

om

63 )

[ IIT 1984 ]
In the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom
2
( a ) the radius of the nth orbit is proportional to n
( b ) the total energy of the electron in the nth orbit is inversely proportional to n
( c ) the angular momentum of the electron
ectron in an orbit is an integra multiple of h 2
( d ) the magnitude of the potential energy of the electron in any orbit is greater than
its kinetic energy
[ IIT 1984 ]
Beta rays emitted by a radioactive material are
( a ) electromagnetic radiations
( b ) the electrons orbiting around the nucleus
( c ) charged particles emitted by the nucleus
( d ) neutral particles
[ IIT 1983 ]

ce
.c

64 )

ra

65 )

Consider the spectral line re sulting from the transition n = 2

and ions given below. The shortest wav length is produced by
( a ) Hydrogen atom
b ) Singly ionized Helium
( c ) Deuterium atom
d ) Doubly ionized Lithium
The equation

- decay

(a)

4 He
2

(b)

- decay

+ 2e + 26 MeV

( c ) fusion

[ IIT 1983 ]

( d ) fission

[ IIT 1983 ]

shortest wavelength f X-rays emitted from an X-ray tube depends on

the current n the tube
( b ) the voltage applied to the tube
the nature of the gas in the tube
the atomic number of the target material

69 ) An alpha par icle of energy 5 MeV is scatter ed through

nucleus. The distance of closest approach
a
is of the order of
) 1 A

n = 1 in the atoms

represents

.e

68 ) The
(a)
(c)
(d)

4 11H

xa

67 )

66 )

( b ) 10

10

cm

( c ) 10

12

cm

( d ) 10

180
15

cm

[ IIT 1982 ]

by a fixed uranium
[ IIT 1981 ]

T h half-life of radioactive radon is 3.8 days. The time at the end of which 1 / 20th of
the radon sample will remain undecayed is ( given log 10 e = 0.4343 )
( a ) 3.8 days
( b ) 16.5 days
( c ) 33 days
( d ) 76 days
[ II
IIT 1981 ]

70

+ 200 MeV

23 - ATOMS, MOLECULES AND NUCLEI

Page 9

( Answers at the end of all questions )

Answers

41
b

23
a

42
c
59
d

24
d

5
d
25
a

43 44
a
c,d
60
c,d

61
d

6
d
26
a

7
c
27
d

45
a,d

8
c
28
b

46
d

62
a

29
b
47
d

63
b,c

9
c

10
c

30
a

31
c

48
c

64
a,c,d

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
c
b
c
b
b
a
32 33
c
d

49
d
65
c

66
d

m
xa
.e
w
w
w

34
d

35 36
d
c

50 51 52 53
a,d
b
a
67
c

68
b

ra

58
a

22
c

4
a

37
c

38
39
da

40
b

om

21
c

2
3
db

69
c

70
b

54
b

ce
.c

1
b

55
d

56
b

57
c