Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Sistem Digesti 2015
Sistem Digesti 2015
.
Prof Ekowati Handharyani, Ph. D., APVet
Dr Drh Eva Harlina, MSi, APVet
Division of Pathology
Department of Clinic, Reproduction and Pathology
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University
ORAL CAVITY
Developmental disorder
Traumatic
Toxic
Inflammatory
Infectious: viral, bacterial, fungal
Autoimmune
Neoplastic
Developmental Disorder
Cleft palate
(palatoschisis)
o Failure of maxillary bones
to fuse
o Variably sized defect in
hard palate
Developmental Disorder
Cleft lip/hare lip
(Brachygnathia)
Superior:
shortened
maxillae
Inferior:
shortened
mandibles
Developmental Disorder
Dentition
Anomalous dentition
Missing or retained
deciduous teeth
Odontodystrophy
Enamel hypoplasia:
Secondary to
distemper virus
infection in dogs
Fluorine toxicity,
malnutrition, vitamin
A deficiency
Traumatic
Fractures
Dislocations
Foreign bodies
bones dogs
Inflammatory
Stomatitis -- general term
o Glossitis, gingivitis
o Infectious diseases of the oral cavity
Viral
Bacterial
Fungal
Glossitis nekrotikan
Stomatitis nekrotikan di palatum
durum
Fusobacterium necrophorum
dengan Pewarnaan PAS
(Periodic Acid Schiff))
Viral Stomatitis:
Erosive & Ulcerative Stomatitides
Erosion: loss of superficial layers of epidermis or
mucosal membrane
Ulceration: loss of all layers of epidermis or
mucosal membrane
- Penetrates the basement membrane
Viral erosive & ulcerative stomatitides:
BVD-MD
Malignant Catarrhal Fever (MCF)
Rinderpest
Bluetongue
Equine Viral Rhinotracheitis
Feline Calicivirus
Viral Stomatitis:
Vesicular Stomatitides
Vesicle: small circumscribed elevation of the epidermis/
mucosal membrane containing a serous liquid
Vesicular stomatitides: cannot be differentiated grossly
Call state or Federal Vet immediately:
1. Foot and Mouth Disease/FMD (Picornavirus):
ruminants, pigs
2. Vesicular Stomatitis (Rhabdovirus): ruminants, pigs,
horses
3. Vesicular Exanthema (Calicivirus):pigs
4. Swine Vesicular Disease (Enterovirus): pigs
Vesicle
mucosal ulcerations
Feline Calicivirus
RNA virus
High rates of mutation
Variable virulence
Persistent infections
Minimal clinical signs
Virus shed in saliva, nasal
secretions, feces
Clinical signs
Ulcers on tongue & foot
pads
Conjunctival & face edema,
Pneumonia in kittens
Viral Stomatitis:
Papular Stomatitides
Papule: small, circumscribed, superficial, solid
elevation of skin or mucous membrane
Pustule: visible collection of pus within or
beneath the epidermis or mucous membrane
Eosinophilic intracytoplasmic
inclusions
CONTAGIOUS ECTHYMA
(ORF)
Infeksi Parapox virus
Sel epitel epidermis hiperplasia
(proliferatif, degenerasi hidropis,
intracytoplasmic inclusion body)
Radang: lepuh-pecah-keropeng
Papillomatosis
Papovavirus
Bovine papilloma virus
Papillomatosis
Papillomatosis
Wooden Tongue
Actinobacillus lignieresii
Absces formation
Chronic granulomatous inflammation
o Severe fibrosis
o Wooden tongue
Wooden Tongue
Pyogranulomas
Club-shaped bacterial
colonies
o Splendore-Hoeppli
phenomenon: radiate,
star-like, asteroid or clubshaped configurations
o sulfur granules
Periodontal Disease
Destructive inflammation
forms gingival crevice/celah
Sub-gingival bacteria
continue to proliferate
Deeper pockets of
destruction
Gingival stroma
Periodontal ligament
Alveolar bone
Tooth loss, bacteremia,
osteomyelitis, bacterial
endocarditis
Periodontal Disease
Gingivitis
Uremic Glossitis
Relatively common lesion
associated with renal failure
in dogs and less commonly
in cats
Clinical signs
Cyanotic buccal mucosa
Fetid ulceration of tongue
Margins of ulcer swollen
Uremic Glossitis
Histologic appearance
Necrosis of mucosal
epithelium with ulceration
Vascular necrosis of small
arterioles of tongue
Ischemic vascular lesion
Correlation between blood
ammonia levels and lesion
development
Gingival Hyperplasia
Histologic appearance
o Mature fibrous connective tissue
o Hypocellular
o May have focal areas of ulceration and inflammation
Epuloides
Fibromatous epulis
Fibrous mass arising
from the periodontal
ligament
Firm, hard, gray to pink
Similar in appearance to
focal gingival hyperplasia
Between teeth, on hard
palate near teeth
Attached to the
periosteum
Do not invade bone
Salivary Glands
Sialoadenitis: inflammation of salivary gland uncommon in vet
medicine
o Sialodacryoadenitis (SDA): corona virus of lab rats
o Rabies and canine distemper
Ranula: cystic distention of duct of sublingual or mandibular glands
o Occurs on floor of mouth along side the tongue
o Cause is unknown
Salivary mucocoele (sialocoele): pseudocyst filled with saliva that
causes inflammation with formation of granulation tissue
o Possible causes include trauma, foreign body or sialolith
Sialolith: stone in gland or duct
o Formed from sloughed gland epithelium that becomes surrounded
by mineral
Tumors: usually derived from glandular/duct epithelium (adenoma,
adenocarcinoma)
o May also see mesenchymal or mixed tumors including
osteosarcoma
Salivary Ranula
ESOPHAGUS
RONGGA PERUT
ESOPHAGUS
Lapis mukosa berupa epitel banyak lapis guna
menangkal pakan kasar, dan diberi mukus pelindung
yang juga berfungsi sebagai pelicin sehingga bolus
mudah lewat
Perjalanan esophagus:
Dari bagian belakang pharynx, berupa spinkter/pintu
masuk
Esophagus berjalan sepanjang leher,
Memasuki rongga thorax, melalui pangkal jantung,
menembus diaphragma,
Sesampainya di rongga perut menyambung dengan
lambung, dengan membentuk pintu/spinkter masuk
lambung.
potato
Obstruksi (penyumbatan)
esophagus karena menelan
kentang
TEMBOLOK
(Perluasan lokal esophagus avian)
Radang tembolok/Ingluvitis:
Ingluvitis candidiosis: infeksi khamir/candida pd unggas
yg menimbulkan penebalan dan nekrosa epitel banyak
lapis dinding dalam tembolok. Pada epitel tsb. dijumpai
pseudohyphae dan spora candida. Khamir ini umumnya
menyerang individu yg sedang mengalami immunsupresi
seperti terinfeksi Gumboro. Pada manusia stomatitis
candidiosis oleh HIV.
Ingluvitis proliferatif: infeksi protozoa Trichomonas sp. pd
tembolok burung merpati sehingga menimbulkan radang
dengan jaringan nekrotik berlebihan. Akibatnya merpati
betina tidak mampu produksi susu tembolok untuk anakanaknya
LAMBUNG
RONGGA PERUT
proteolytic enzyme)
G cells: secrete the hormone gastrin
LAMBUNG RUMINANSIA
Hardware Disease
Paku menembus diaphragma,
membawa kontaminan mikroba
retikulum,
melukai
jantung
(perikarditis traumatika) dan
paru (pneumonia gangrenosa)
Bloat/Kembung/Tympany
Kondisi melarnya retikulo-rumen diakibatkan oleh akumulasi
gas yang berlebihan. Berasal dari over fermentasi atau
obstruksi esophagus. Paling sering ditemukan pada sapi,
tetapi tidak jarang pada domba dan kambing.
Kembung Berbusa
Gastric dilatation
Gastric volvulus
Diaphragma robek
Resiko abomasitis:
Produksi getah lambung (HCl & enzym) berkurang
Diantara fungsi getah abomasum: membunuh mikroba
rumen, retikulum & omasum yg tiba bersama pakan.
Mikroba rumen yang mati dalam abomasum digunakan
untuk sumber nutrisi dan di absorpsi di usus halus
Terjadi infeksi mukosa abomasum & tukak lambung
Juga dapat menjadi penyebab enteritis.
Hemorrhagic
gastritis
Stomach with
chronic ulcer.
There is a risk of
peritonitis, chronic
hemorrhages, or
adenocarcinoma
formation
Usus
RONGGA PERUT
Sel Goblet
Sel Dendrytic/DC
Makrofag APC (Antigen
Precenting Cell)
Penjuluran DC
mencapai antara lapis
epithelium
ENTERITIS
FIBRINOUS PADA
SALMONELLOSIS
Hemorrhagic enteritis
Exudat mengandung darah dalam lumen usus
Enzym pencernaan membuat darah menghitam
Penyebab: coccidial enteritis ayam, parvovirus enteritis
anjing & kucing, ancylostomiasis/ancylostoma enteritis anjing
Mycobacterium paratuberculosis
Mukosa berlipat-lipat/bergelombang (corrugated) karena adanya
sarang-sarang granuloma di propria mukosa.
Sarang granuloma: infeksi bakteri ini menimbulkan radang kronis dengan
stimulus berlebihan pada makrofag shg menjadi sel-sel
epitheloid & syncytia epitheloid membentuk giant cell type Langhans
Button ulcer
Ulkus kronis bentuk
kancing pasca
enteritis fibrinous
Peritonitis
(Radang serosa rongga perut)
Lapis dalam dinding rongga
perut
Lapis luar pembungkus saluran
cerna (gambar atas).
Kapsula hati (gambar bawah),
limpa, pankreas, ginjal
Mesenterium, omentum, air
sac, lemak abdomen
Indikator
peritonitis
parah:
cairan keruh/fibrinus dalam
rongga perut (bedakan dengan
ascites)
Lumen
dibuka
Intussusceptio/invaginasio intestinae:
Mesenterium terejepit,vaskula
terkunci, usus ischemia lalu infark
Infark hemorrhagis
Typhlitis fibrinous
Sekum berisi masa padatan
nekrosa & fibrin (caecal core)
Differential diagnosa:
Salmonellosis pada ayam
Eimeria tenella kronis ayam
(akut isi darah)
Infeksi Clostridium colinum
Histomonas meleagridis