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CHNG 7 OP AMP Khuch I Va NG DNG
CHNG 7 OP AMP Khuch I Va NG DNG
Chng 7
OP-AMP-KHUCH I V NG DNG
Trng Vn Tm
VII-1
Mch in T
VII-2
Mch in T
Trng Vn Tm
VII-3
Mch in T
7.1.3 Mt v d:
Op-amp pc 709 ca hng Fairchild.
T1, T2: Mch vi sai cn bn ng vo.
T3: Ngun dng in cho T1 v T2. in th phn cc ti cc nn ca T3 c xc
nh bi cu phn th gm T6 (mc thnh diode), in tr 480 v 2.4k.
T4, T5: khng phi l vi sai v 2 chn E ni mass. T4 c nhim v n nh in th ti
im A cho T1 v T2.
Trng Vn Tm
VII-4
Mch in T
VII-5
Mch in T
(7.2)
Nhn xt:
- Khi Zf v Zi l in tr thun th v0 v vi s lch pha 1800 (nn c gi l
mch khuch i o v ng vo ( - ) c gi l ng vo o).
- Zf ng vai tr mch hi tip m. Zf cng ln (hi tip m cng nh)
khuch i ca mch cng ln.
- Khi Zf v Zi l in tr thun th op-amp c tnh khuch i c in th mt chiu.
Trng Vn Tm
VII-6
Mch in T
Suy ra:
Nhn xt:
- Zf, Zi c th c bt k dng no.
- v0 v vi cng c th c bt k dng no.
- Khi Zf, Zi l in tr thun th ng ra v0 s c cng pha vi ng vo vi (nn
mch c gi l mch khuch i khng o v ng vo ( + ) c gi l ng vo khng
o).
- Zf cng ng vai tr hi tip m. tng khuch i AV, ta c th tng
Zf hoc gim Zi.
- Mch khuch i c tn hiu mt chiu khi Zf v Zi l in tr thun. Mch
cng gi nguyn tnh cht khng o v c cng cng thc vi trng hp ca tn hiu xoay
chiu.
- Khi Zf=0, ta c: AV=1 v0=vi hoc Zi= ta cng c AV=1 v v0=vi (hnh
7.10). Lc ny mch c gi l mch voltage follower thng c dng lm mch m
(buffer) v c tng tr vo ln v tng tr ra nh nh mch cc thu chung BJT.
Trng Vn Tm
VII-7
Mch in T
Trng Vn Tm
VII-8
Mch in T
Trng Vn Tm
VII-9
Mch in T
* Hai vn thc t:
- iu kin ban u hay hng s tch phn:
Dng mch cn bn
Trng Vn Tm
VII-10
Mch in T
s thp. Nh vy khi c Rf, mch ch c tnh tch phn khi tn s ca tn hiu f tha:
, Rf khng c qu ln v s hI tip m s yu.
d/ Mch vi phn:
Dng mch
Vn thc t: gim tp m.
Mch n gin nh trn t c dng trong thc t v c c tnh khuch i tp m
tn s cao, y l do li ca ton mchtng theo tn s. khc phc mt phn no,
ngi ta mc thm mt in tr ni tip vi t C ng vo nh hnh 7.19.
Trng Vn Tm
VII-11
Mch in T
ln.
Trng Vn Tm
VII-12
Mch in T
c/Mch so snh vi 2 ng vo c in th bt k:
* So snh mc dng o v khng o:
- So snh mc dng khng o:
Trng Vn Tm
VII-13
Mch in T
- So snh mc dng o:
* So snh mc m o v khng o:
Trng Vn Tm
VII-14
Mch in T
- So snh mc m o:
Trng Vn Tm
VII-15
Mch in T
tip dng nn v0 lun lun trng thi bo ha. Ty theo mc tn hiu vo m v0 giao
hon mt trong hai trng thi +VSat v -VSat.
* Mch khng o:
Dng mch
Trng Vn Tm
VII-16
Mch in T
Trng Vn Tm
VII-17
Mch in T
nu |+Vsat|=|-VSat|
* Dng mch o:
Dng mch cn bn nh hnh 7.38
Trng Vn Tm
VII-18
Mch in T
VII-19
Mch in T
Trng Vn Tm
VII-20
Mch in T
Nu chn C2=2C1, ta c:
Trng Vn Tm
VII-21
Mch in T
Trng Vn Tm
VII-22
Mch in T
VII-23
Mch in T
VII-24
Mch in T
Trng Vn Tm
VII-25
Mch in T
Chn C1=C2=C3=C;
Ti tn s ct:
Trng Vn Tm
VII-26
Mch in T
Vi mch ny in th ng ra v0max t n tr s ti a mt tn s no gi l tn
s cng hng r. Khi tn s khc vi tn s cng hng, khuch i gim dn. Tn s
thp hn r lm li gim i cn 0.707v0max gi l tn s ngt thp L v tn s cao hn
r lm li gim cn 0.707v0max gi l tn s ngt cao h.
Bng thng c nh ngha:
B=H - L
Khi B<0.1r mch c gi l lc di thng bng tn hp hay mch lc cng hng.
Khi B>0.1r c gi l mch lc di thng bng tn rng.
Trng Vn Tm
VII-27
Mch in T
Ti tn s cng hng r:
Trng Vn Tm
VII-28
Mch in T
Ta tm c 2 tn s ct l:
Trng Vn Tm
VII-29
Mch in T
Trng Vn Tm
VII-30
Mch in T
IB+
I B+ + I B
2
(7.35)
IBHnh 7.59
Trng Vn Tm
VII-31
Mch in T
Rf
IB-
vo=Rf.IB-
0V
+
vi=0V
Hnh 7.60
- mch khuch i o:
Rf
IB-
I=0
Ri
vi=0V
0V
vo=Rf.IB-
Hnh 7.61
Ri
vi=0V
IB-
R
v o = 1 + M R f .I B + R M .I B
Ri
RM
0V
Hnh 7.62
IB =
vo
11Rf
VII-32
(7.36)
Mch in T
Ta xem mch:
vo=RG.IB+
0V
RG
vi=0V
IB+
Hnh 7.63
(7.38)
- Vi mch khng o:
IB-
vo
0V
+
vi=0V
IB+
Hnh 7.64a
Phn gii ta tm c:
v o = R G ( I B+ I B ) = R G .I os
= 0 nu I B+ = I B
-
Vi mch o:
Rf
Ri
0V
IB-
vo
+
IB+
Trng Vn Tm
R=Rf //Ri
VII-33
Hnh 7.64b
Mch in T
Phn gii ta tm c:
v o = R f ( I B+ I B ) = R f .I os
= 0 nu I B+ = I B
Nh vy gim thiu nh hng ca Ios ln vo, trong mch khng o ta mc thm
RG=Rf v trong mch o mc thm R=Rf//Ri. Cc in tr ny c gi l in tr b
chnh dng in. T cc l lun trn ta c th thy nguyn tc chung gim thiu nh
hng ca Ios l mch phi c thit k sao cho: in tr nhn t ng vo (+) xung mass
bng in tr nhn t ng vo (-) xung mass.
7.4.3. in th offset ng vo
a. nh ngha v m hnh
Trong mch in hnh 7.65a, ng ra khng phi l 0V nh l tng m c mt tr s
no . in th ny to ra do s mt cn bng bn trong ca mt op-amp thc t. Tr s vo
ny thay i ty op-amp, thng hng v n mv. tin trong phn gii, ngi ta c th
coi nh c mt ngun in th vio mc ni tip ng vo (+) ca mt op-amp l tng
(hnh 7.65b) v vio ny c gi l in th offset ng vo
vo=2mv
(th
d )
Op-Amp
thc t
+
(a)
0V
vo=vio=2m
v
vio=2mv
(b)
Hnh 7.65
Nu ng ra v0<0 th i cc vio li
b. nh hng ca in th offset ng vo ln in th ng ra
- Trong mch vng h, nu A kh ln v vio cng kh ln, ng ra ca op-amp c th b
bo ha.
|Ed |
vo=|vosat|=A.
|E |
+
vio
Trng Vn Tm
Hnh 7.66
VII-34
Mch in T
vo = (1 +
741
Rf
Ri
)vio
vio
Hnh 7.67
7.4.5. p ng tn s ca op-amp
a. B chnh tn s bn trong
li vng h A c tr s ln v u n mt tr s no ri gim dn theo tn s.
y l ch ch ca nh ch to vi 2 l do: mt l op-amp t khi s dng dng vng h m
thng c hi tip, nh vy li thc t Av thng nh hn A, hai l trnh hin tng
d dao ng tn s cao. Mun vy, cu trc bn trong ca op-amp lun c cc t b chnh
tn s (c gi tr trn di 30pF). Thng gim ca A c chn l 20dB/decade.
i vi nhng op-amp c bng tn t nhin rng hn v gim nh hay ln hn
-20dB/decade thng lm cho op-amp d b dao ng khi dng mch hi tip (theo nh
lut Nyquist). Trong trng hp nh ch to s ch dn phng php sa cha p ng
bng cc mch hi tip bn ngoi (thng l t in, t in-in tr)
A
2.105
A (dB)
106
120
105
104
Trng Vn Tm
103
P
102
P
10
VII-35
B=
0.35
risetime
(7.39)
b. li in th v p ng tn s
li thc t Av ca mch khuch i c hi tip khng nhng ty thuc cc in tr
bn ngoi m cn ty thuc vo li vng h A. Do A theo tn s nn Av cng thay i
theo tn s. ta xem li hai mch khuch i cn bn:
* Mch khuch i khng o
+
vi
741
vo
vo
vi va
vo va va
=
Rf
Ri
Ta c: A =
va
Rf
Ri
Hnh 7.69
Rf
v
Ri
(7.40)
Gii h thng ta tm c: A v = o =
Rf
vi
1+
Ri
R
Trong : 1 + f l li Av khi xem op-amp l l tng.
Ri
1+
Rf
. Khi vi c tn s
Ri
Rf
Ri
VII-36
vi
B
Mch in T
va
B
vo
741
vo
va
vi va va vo
=
Ri
Rf
A=
Gii, ta tm c: A v =
vo
=
vi
Rf
Ri
1 R + Rf
1 + i
A Ri
(7.41)
Nhn xt ta cng thy Av c tnh cht nh mch khng o (thay i theo A tc theo
tn s).
c. rng bng tn - gii hn tn s cao
Bng tn cng c nh ngha l gii hn ca hai tn s fL v fH m ti li ca
mch gim 2 ln so vi li cc i.
Vi op-amp c tn s gii hn pha thp fL thng rt nh (vi Hz) nn bng tn xem
nh bng gii hn tn s cao fH.
A
A
AV
fH
B
Ri + Rf
Ri
(7.42)
VII-37
Mch in T
othay oiienthengora I
=
Thigian
C
slew rate
2vip
741
vo = E n (1 +
Rf
Ri
En=2v
Rf //Ri
Hnh 7.72
VII-38
Mch in T
Trng Vn Tm
VII-39
Mch in T
Bi 3: Xc nh IL trong mch hnh 7.61. Thay RL=5k, tnh li IL. Mch trn l mch g?
Bi 4: Mt op-amp c cc c tnh
Trng Vn Tm
VII-40
Mch in T
g?
Trng Vn Tm
VII-41
Mch in T
VII-42
Mch in T
Trng Vn Tm
VII-43
Mch in T