RNA and Protein Synthesis

RNA Structure
Ribonucleic Acid RNA
Classified as a Nucleic __Acid__
Made up of subunits
called Nucleotides
Three parts of a nucleotide:
Phosphate group
Five-___carbon___ sugar (Ribose)
Nitrogenous base (4 kinds)
1.Adenine (A)
2.G__uanein____(G)
3.Cytosine (C)
4.U_ricil____(U)
RNA Nucleotide
What is RNA ?
Single strand of n_____ucleotides______
Sugars and phosphates form backbone or side of RNA ladder
Nitrogenous bases form rungs of RNA ladder
(A=U and G=C)
Involved in Protein Synthesis
Carries genetic __code__

Comparing DNA & RNA

DN A
Double strand
Deoxyribose sugar
A, G, C, T
Stores genetic information
RNA
Single strand
Ribose sugar
A, G, C, U
Carries genetic code and involved in ___Protein____ synthesis
Complementary Base-Pairing
Order does not matter (A=U or U=A) (G=C or C=G)
In all RNA :
Adenine = Uracil or A = U (___always____ together)
Cytosine = Guanine or C = G (always together)
3 Types of RNA
mRNA carries genetic code from nucleus to ribosome
(aka: Messenger RNA )
rRNA found in r________s
(aka: Ribosomal RNA )
tRNA transfers ______ acids from cytoplasm to ribosome
(aka: Transfer RNA )

Protein Synthesis:
Leaves the n_______to carry out functions in the cyto______
1st Transcription
mRNA is made from
one strand of DNA
and carries message
to ribosome.
2nd Translation
-mRNA translated into
a _______at the ribosome
-tRNA transfers a____
a____ from cytoplasm to
ribosome

Transcription takes place in the NUCLEUS!!

Transcription
Translation takes place in the Cytoplasm on a Ribosome!!
Translation (continued)
Translation
The Genetic Code
Every _____letters represents a codon.

Codons code for amino acids.

There are 6_ possible codons that code for 2_ different amino acids.

Answer the following questions using the notes above.

1.What are some differences between DNA & RNA?
2.What are three types of RNA and what are their roles?
3.What are the two parts of Protein Synthesis?
4.What happens during transciption?
5.What happens during translation?
6.How many amino acids are coded for by the genetic code?
7.What are codons? What do they code for?
8.How many possible codons are there?
9.Why are there more codons than there are amino acids?