Volume 1 Final 1

3097ENV Strategic Planning Studio
SOUTH EAST QUEENSLAND

CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION PLAN 2015-35
Volume 1: Strategic Plan
Copyright Forward Planning Consultancies
Main Front Cover Photograph Credit: Barney View, Forward Planning Consultancies.
Bottom Front Cover Photograph Credit: Photographs of Scenic Rim, Property of Visit Scenic
Rim.
Forward Planning Consultants:
Calan Cockburn, Agriculture, S2895254.
Jessica Hutley, Water Supply, S2885283.
Nicola Moore, Transport, S2894907.
Candice Parer, Energy, S2896236.
Matilda Kaveney, Biodiversity, S2891872.
All rights reserved.
First Published 2015.
ii
Table of Contents
Table of Contents ...................................................................................................................... iii
List of Figures ............................................................................................................................ iv
List of Tables ............................................................................................................................. iv
List of Acronyms ......................................................................................................................... v
Glossary ..................................................................................................................................... vi
1. Executive Summary ................................................................................................................ 1
2. Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 2
3. Background Statement of SEQ ............................................................................................... 3
3.1 Key Environmental Attributes and Linkages of SEQ......................................................... 3
3.2 Key Issue Areas ................................................................................................................. 5
3.3 Issues within Key Issue Areas ........................................................................................... 5
3.4 Environmental Assessment of Key Issue Areas ................................................................ 7
3.5 Current Management Frameworks .................................................................................. 7
3.6 Key Stakeholders .............................................................................................................. 8
4. Strategic Framework .............................................................................................................. 9
1. Agriculture ........................................................................................................................ 10
2. Water Supply .................................................................................................................... 14
3. Transport .......................................................................................................................... 18
4. Energy ............................................................................................................................... 21
5. Biodiversity ....................................................................................................................... 24
4.6 Implementation Timeline ............................................................................................... 28
4.7 Implementation Map ..................................................................................................... 30
5. Evaluation of Strategic Framework...................................................................................... 32
5.1 Climate Change Scenario................................................................................................ 32
5.2 Community Vision .......................................................................................................... 33
5.3 Evaluation Matrix ........................................................................................................... 33
6. Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 36
7. References ........................................................................................................................... 37
8. Picture Credits ...................................................................................................................... 40
iii
List of Figures
Figure 1: Key Environmental Issues of SEQ Map .3
Figure 2: Attribute Linkages of SEQ .4
Figure 3: Issues Within Key Issue Areas of SEQ Map 6
Figure 4: Strategy Implementation Map of SEQ ...31
Figure 5: IPCC RCP Graph 32
List of Tables
Implementation Notes Table 1.1 ..10
Implementation Notes Table 1.2 11
Implementation Notes Table 2.2 .15
Table 6: Implementation Timeline 28
Table 7: Evaluation of Strategic Framework ..33
iv
List of Acronyms
APO - Asian Productivity Organisation
ARENA - Australian Renewable Energy Agency
DAF - Department of Agriculture and Fisheries
DEHP - Department of Environment and Heritage Protection
DILGP - Department of Infrastructure, Local Government and Planing
DIP - Department of Infrastructure and Planning
DTMR - Department of Transport and Main Roads
ESA - Ecologically Significant Areas
IPCC - Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change
LRET - Large scale Renewable Energy Target
NPS Pollution - Non-Point Source Pollution
OEC - Oceanic Energy Council
QUPP Queensland Government Population Projections
RCP - Representative Concerntration Pathway
RET - Renewable Energy Target
SEQ - South East Queensland
TOD - Transit Oriented Development
UGB - Urban Growth Boundary
Glossary
Adaptation Adjustment to climatic
changes and variances that occur despite
efforts to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions. Adaptive strategies and
techniques can be used to reduce human
and natural system vulnerability to climate
change (Hellmann, Byres, Bierwagen &
Dukes, 2008).
Agroforestry Incorporation of trees into
agricultural farming (Garitty 2011).
Biodegradable Can be broken down
naturally by elements or bacteria (APO
2009).
Biodiversity The term biodiversity refers
to the diversity of flora, fauna and the
terrestrial and marine ecosystems they
host, including freshwater wetlands,
waterways, grasslands, forests, mountain
ranges and reefs (SEQ Catchments, 2015).
Bio-Fertilizer A type of fertilizer that
contains living organisms which provide
plants with nutrients (APO 2009).
Biofuel Derived from living matter with
the ability to be converted into liquid fuel
(Clean Energy Council, 2015).
Bagasse - Plant waste, most commonly
sugar cane (Clean Energy Council, 2015).
Bio-Pesticides A type of pesticide created
from natural matter such as plants or
organisms (APO 2009).
Bio-reaction Reaction of biological
matter within water (Coombes et al, 1999).
Climate Change A change in the
environment attributed to human
activities that alter the composition of the
atmosphere additionally causing climate
variability (SEQ Catchments, 2015).
Climate Change Adaptation Actions

taken to cope with the effects of climate
change (IPCC 2007).
Climate Change Mitigation Actions
taken to minimalize the extent of climate
change (IPCC 2007).
Detrimental Tending to cause harm in
vulnerable areas (Grice, Friedel, Marshall &
Klinken, 2012).
Ecological Corridors Ecological corridors
are a conservation tool used by planners
and architects to integrate biodiversity
connectivity throughout the regional
landscape (Hosterler & Drake, 2009).
Energy Power derived from physical,
organic and natural resources with the
capacity and ability for a system to utilise
and distribute (Jones, 2015).
Evergreen/Double Storey Farming
Placing trees in crop fields which usually
grow fruit (Garitty 2011).
Extreme Weather Events Unusual,
severe or unseasonal weather events at
the extreme of historical trends (IPCC
2007).
Forward Planning Consultancies The
planning firm selected by the State
Government of Queensland to prepare a
Climate Change Adaptation Plan for South
East Queensland.
Fragmentation The process or state of
breaking or in the process of being broken
into smaller segregated parts (Clevenger &
Waltho, 2010).
Ground Water Water located beneath
the surface of the Earth in soil and rock
pores (SEQ Water 2015).
Hydroelectricity The generation of
electricity through the gravitational pull
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and force of free flowing water, spinning

turbines connected to large scale
generators known as Hydropower
(Strezov, 2013).
Invasive Species A species overtaking
surrounding species in its environment
becoming the predominant species
(Hellmann, Byers, Bierwagen & Dukes,
2008).
Stakeholder Individuals, groups or

organisations with an interest in a specific
topic.
Statutory Formal, written legislative law
(DSDIP 2009).
Sustainability The outcome
developing suitable practices.
from
Mixed Farming Combining crop and

livestock production in the same area
(Devendra 2002).
Tidal power A form of hydropower that

transfers energy from cyclical movements
of ocean currents and tidal flows into
electricity (OEC, 2015).
Non-Point Source Pollution Pollutants

derived from agricultural industries,
energy production, urban runoff, sediment
erosion, construction sites and abandoned
mines that leak into water bodies (Sun,
Zhang, Yang, Zhang, Norse & Zhu, 2012).
Transit-Oriented Development A
planning concept that encompasses high
densities of commercial, residential and
retail
connected
to
proactive
transportation infrastructure (Pacheco &
Garcia-Polomares, 2015).
Regional Landscape and Rural Production

Area Non-urban areas of South East
Queensland.
Urban Footprint The area in which urban

growth within the SEQ region is restricted
to occur, defined by the SEQ Regional Plan
2009 (a statutory document).
Renewable energy Any naturally

occurring unlimited source of energy that
is not reduced or depleted in quantity
when used. (ARENA, 2015).
Research Frontier Researches something
innovative for the first time.
Resilient Able to withstand the effects of
climate change, usually infrastructure
(IPCC 2007).
Urban Growth Boundary A regional

boundary set in order to prevent urban
sprawl into agricultural and regional areas
(Victorian Government, 2010).
Urban Sprawl An uncontrolled expansion
of urbanised development (Abbott &
Margheim, 2008).
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1. Executive Summary
Forward Planning Consultancies (FP Consultancies) in alliance with the South East Queensland
(SEQ) community have conducted a multi-phased strategic planning study aimed to explore
concepts related to regional scale planning, focusing and highlighting upon the relationship
between climate change, rapid population growth and the regional landscape. FP
Consultancies assessed regional scale environmental attributes and linkages that define the
SEQs regional landscape and their contribution to defining the SEQ regions sense of place.
The following report is Phase Five of a five phase preliminary scoping study, exploring current
management frameworks and adaptation opportunities for maintaining the regional
landscape of SEQ as it progressively undergoes rapid urban growth. Through identifying key
regional climate change and population growth issues within Australias most rapidly growing
metropolitan region, FP Consultancies introduces the Climate Change Adaptation Plan 20152035 (QGPP, 2011). The creation of the Climate Change Adaptation Plan 2015-2035 is in
response to requirement for planning policy within SEQ that ensures appropriate and
effective mitigation and adaptation.
To achieve a comprehensive adaptation plan for SEQ, FP Consultancies led a regional, city and
local analysis, obtaining information relevant to the multi-phased strategic planning process
exploring regional scale planning highlighting the relationship between climate change and
the regional landscape.
It is in the opinion of FP Consultancies that the proposed Climate Change Adaptation Plan
2015-2035 addresses adaptation strategies for maintaining the current regional landscape of
the (SEQ) region as it undergoes rapid urban growth whilst protecting the regions
environmentally sensitive areas. Five research frontiers were developed on the five issue
areas identifying best implementation methods to achieve the aforementioned strategies.
It is the vision of FP Consultancies with support of the SEQ community and State of
Queensland, to achieve a sustainable regional landscape to cater for the rapidly growing
population and changing climate of the region. All economic, social and environmental
aspects of the triple bottom line have be considered, and the qualities of the region, will be
maintained and improved using climate change adaptation techniques.
Partnered with local community, FP Consultancies have demonstrated the potential for
regional, macro-scale strategic and innovative solutions in the form of a strategic
management framework aimed to increase public awareness of climate change and rapid
population growth principles, ideal for future advancement of SEQ.
2. Introduction
Climate change and rapid population growth have become significant issues affecting the SEQ
region over the past decade. The dangers of increasing climate change weather events
threaten SEQs regional infrastructure and landscapes functionality, with the added pressure
of rapid population growth to the region (Spearritt, 2009). Forward Planning Consultancies
(FP Consultancies) in alliance with the SEQ community have conducted a multi-phased
strategic planning study, identified as the Climate Change Adaptation Plan 2015-2035. The
plan examines the relationships between the increasing effects of climate change on the
Regional Landscape and Rural Production Area of SEQ referred to as the regional landscape
within this document. The purpose of the Climate Change Adaptation Plan is to review current
management frameworks and climate change adaptation opportunities for maintaining the
SEQs regional landscapes sense of place with the added pressure of rapid population growth.
FP Consultancies presents Phase Five Volume One of the multi-phased study, providing a
Climate Change Adaptation Plan supported by four previous phases (refer to Volume 2). This
plan is the final product of FP Consultancies progression over a 13-week analysis period,
supplying adaptation techniques to address climate change and rapid population growth
issues affecting the SEQ region.
The following adaptation plan contains:
A SEQ regional overview identifying significant economic, ecological and social
attributes and linkages;
Existing and emergent key regional climate change and rapid population growth
issues challenging the SEQ community;
Comprehensive analysis and identification of major issues within the five key issue
areas associated with increasing climate change and rapid population growth trends
outlined in the scoping study; (refer to Volume 2 for further information)
Comprehensive analysis supported by a implementation timeline for relevant
selected issue areas;
Establishment of an appropriate strategic framework with emphasis on climate
change and rapid population growth implications within the SEQ region;
An evaluation of current strategic frameworks and existing plans and policies that
govern the SEQ region; and (refer to Volume 2 for further information)
A critical analysis of primary collaborative agencies with interest an investment
directly affected by climate change and rapid population growth implications in the
SEQ region. (refer to Volume 2 for further information)
3. Background Statement of SEQ

This section highlights the attributes, linkages, key issue areas and environmental assessment,
management frameworks and key stakeholders of SEQ. More detailed information from this
section can be found in Volume 2.
3.1 Key Environmental Attributes and Linkages of SEQ

SEQs regional landscape is defined by its subtropical climate and the environmental
attributes it possesses. Figure 1 indicates key attributes that are significant in the social,
economical and environmental aspects of SEQ.
Figure 1: Key Environmental Issues of SEQ Map

3
These aforementioned attributes, displayed in Figure 1, are interconnected showing a range

of linkages throughout the regional landscape (Figure 2). There are many significant internal
and external social, economic and ecological linkages that contribute towards SEQs regional
landscapes sense of place.
Figure 2: Attribute Linkages of SEQ Map

4
3.2 Key Issue Areas

Justification of the key issue areas, undertaken in Volume 2, for the rural production area and
regional landscape of SEQ forms the foundations which this plan is built on. The present and
future threat each possible issue area had to the characteristics of SEQ in the face of climate
change and rapid population growth was rated from high to low based on research into the
area. This allowed for the selection of five of the most significant issue areas in SEQ. The five
key issue areas are identified as being; Agriculture, Water Supply, Transport, Energy and
Biodiversity. To maximise the benefits of this plan and adaptations strategies, these five issue
areas will be focussed on due to their high importance to the region.
3.3 Issues within Key Issue Areas

These findings identified five key issue areas Agriculture, Water Supply, Transport, Energy and
Biodiversity and issues within these issues areas in Figure 3. Large productive agricultural
areas identified in yellow contribute largely towards SEQ economy along with added benefits
from coastal tourism. Significant transport infrastructure including main roads, heavy rail, a
seaport and airports has shaped and linked the formation of cities and urban areas identifying
a correlation with the urban footprint and regional landscape. National parks and state
forests are abundant with rich wildlife economically contributing towards SEQ through
tourism industries specifically the Glasshouse Mountains and Lamington National park.
Figure 3: Issues within Key Issue Areas of SEQ Map

6
3.4 Environmental Assessment of Key Issue Areas

From the five major issue areas identified any relevant strengths, weaknesses, opportunities
or threats in the face of the rapid population growth and climate change within the SEQ
regional landscape have been determined to create the best solutions to these catastrophes.
The Environmental Assessment clarifies the main consequences of each issue area and
creates an understanding for what this Climate Change Adaptation Plan focuses on. The most
impacting issues have been identified to allow for strategies to allow the key issue areas adapt
to these consequences and is further explored in the Supporting Document to this Adaptation
Plan (Volume 2).
Agriculture is likely to be dramatically affected by climate change, reducing crop productions
and an increase in natural disasters will result in devastating affects on the pastured land, as
there is little research available on solutions to these issues. The changing climate is also
causing unpredictable precipitation rates in SEQs subtropical climate, thus there is a high
likelihood of more drought periods, increasing evaporation reducing the water supply.
Another effect on water supply is the increase in natural disasters due to changing climate,
such a flooding in the region causing contamination in waterways. Climate change is has the
potential to cause devastating damage to transportation systems such as rail and roads,
flooding these systems or breaking the infrastructure. A high use of energy will increase the
unpredicted and warming climate through GHG emissions, resulting in more energy being
used such as air-conditioning. The changing climate increases natural disasters such as severe
storms and flooding which will cause destruction on the well-adapted ecosystems in the
regional landscape.
An increase in population will require more agricultural yield to produce enough resources to
cater for this change. SEQs water demand is dramatically increasing causing a depleting
supply, especially with the rapidly increasing population. With a growing population in SEQ
will come increased private transport usage and thus congestion on SEQs roads. An increase
in population growth and urban sprawl will lead to a need of more power lines and changing
climate such as flooding is likely to cause damage to these above ground power lines, and
higher use of energy depleting resources such as peak oil. Urban encroachment on
ecosystems is a direct consequence of rapid population growth.
3.5 Current Management Frameworks

Many plans and policies relating to the SEQ region were identified and evaluated based upon
their performances in Volume 2 of this document. Their overall performance in the areas of
being statutory, including climate change adaptation, climate change mitigation, climate
change related goals, specific and measurable objectives, and offering strategies to achieve
goals and objectives is measured as being present, lacking or not there at all. Overall findings
showed that although more than 11 plans directly influence the management and future of
the SEQ region, there was a serious lack of climate change related policy and guidelines
specifically climate change adaptation measures at a regional level. These findings therefore
mean that 65% of the SEQ region has no climate change adaptation policy to ensure a
sustainable future of the rural production areas and regional landscape as climate change and
rapid population growth increases over the next 20 years.
3.6 Key Stakeholders

Analysis of various Departments and Organisations is crucial in assessing influence and
interest areas of collaborative agencies in regards to the proposed the Climate Change and
Adaptation Plan 2015-2035. Collaborative Agencies have been divided into National, State,
Local, Private Interest Groups and Profitable Organisations and finally Non-Governmental and
Non-Profit Organisations. Each outlined collaborative agency includes various organisations
missions and aims paired with relevant authority giving power and control over their interest
areas. National, State and Local collaborative agency groupings are powered and governed
by various acts and amendments. These authorities detail and outline the ability of each
collaborative agency to actively become involved in the proposed Climate Change and
Adaptation Plan 2015 - 2035. Private Interest Groups and Profitable Organisations focus on
community benefit and implications with main agencies within this area comprised of unions
and representatives for relevant organisations. Non-Governmental and Non-Profit
Organisations are comprised mostly of activist groups prompting, educating and striving for
greater change within their relevant interest areas.
Table 8 displays key Collaborative Agencies likely to be affected by statutory mitigation
policies, climate change implications and population growth within the SEQ region. The
analysis of various Departments and Organisations within the SEQ region outlines each
groups authority and influence positions within the area both compatible and conflicting.
According to the each divisions interest, indication of relevant issue area was represented
visually in the matrix based on the five key issue criterion, energy, transport, biodiversity,
water supply and agriculture. For further analysis of collaborative agencies refer to Volume 2
of the Climate Change and Adaptation Plan 2015-2035.
4. Strategic Framework
FP Consultancies, in conjunction with the SEQ community and in consideration of SEQ
Regional Plan, has devised a vision statement which is embedded into the strategic policy of
this climate change adaptation plan:
Forward Planning Consultancies, with support of the SEQ community and State of
Queensland, aims to achieve a sustainable regional landscape to cater for the rapidly
growing population and changing climate of the region. All economic, social and
environmental aspects of the triple bottom line will be considered, and the qualities of the
region, will be maintained and improved using climate change adaptation techniques.
By meeting this vision, FP Consultancies aims to deliver a climate change adaptation plan that
will improve rural production areas and regional landscape of SEQ over the next 20 years.
SEQ Climate Change

Adaptation Plan 2015-35
SEQ
Community
Vision
Water
Supply
Agriculture
Energy
Climate
Change
Scenario
FP
Consultancies
Vision
Transport
Biodiversity
1. Agriculture
Goal 1: Prepare agricultural industry for extreme weather
events and a variable climate to reduce loss and damage.
Objective 1.1: Improve farmers access to information regarding dangerous or
threatening weather events, seasonal projections and optimum production
periods by allowing all farmers the option to connect to the system by 2025.
Strategy 1.1.1: Develop a knowledge sharing and alert system which farmers will be
invited to use in order to make the industry more connected and alert.
Implementation Notes Table 1.1

Strategy 1.1.1
Funding from the State of Queensland and Australian Commonwealth Government will be sought
after for this strategy. The government departments and public and private organisations involved
in this strategy include:
-
State Department of Agriculture and Fisheries

Bureau of Meteorology
AgForce
Queensland Farming Federation (group of 16 QLD farming associations)
The area of SEQ which this strategy will affect is represented on Map 4 (Figure 4, Page 31) and will
begin in 2015 and be complete by 2025. The location of the weather stations will be on properties
throughout SEQ, where property owners will be connected to the system as compensation for the
use of their land. The structural and operational resilience of the weather stations will improved
to withstand the extreme weather expected to affect SEQ in the future and to with stand damage
from vandals or livestock. The weather stations will operate similarly those in Washington State
USA, where the knowledge system will operate similarly to the European Unions Innovation
System which are both discussed in Volume 2. To overcome the lack of cellular networks in some
parts of SEQ, transmission boosters will be utilized to ensure their connection to the greater
system.
The quality of the system will be monitored throughout its development to ensure its
sustainability. This will reduce the risk of wasting funding, as once the money has been spent there
is no way it can be recouped. Future expansion of the system will be possible after its development,
if other adjacent regions are willing to implement the same system.
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Goal 2: Ensure agricultural water usage is efficient and supply

is available.
Objective 2.1: Reduce evaporation from privately owned agricultural dams by
30% by 2035.
Strategy 2.1.1: Install dam covers on dams used for irrigation purposes in SEQ.

Strategy 2.1.1
Subsidies will be used to implement this strategy. Finance for these subsidies will be sought from
the State of Queensland and/or the Australian Commonwealth Government. The government
departments and public and private organisations involved in this strategy include:
-
Department of Agriculture and Fisheries

SEQ Catchments
Growcom
Agforce
QLD Farmers Federation
Agricultural properties shown in Map 4 (Figure 4, Page 31) which have dams for agricultural
purposes will be the focused area for this strategy. Subsidies will be offered from 2025 to 2035.
Over the next ten years it is expected that more technologies become available in the market for
dam covers. Sustainable products will be preferred for this subsidy, such as E-Vap-Cap which is the
most effective and viable product currently on the market and is reviewed in Volume 2 Case
Studies.
At the year 2025 a review of the strategies in relation to the IPCC scenario taking place will occur.
If a scenario more extreme than expected is unfolding then this strategy will be increased to have
a stronger effect on climate change adaptation. This will require more funding a more substantial
rollout across SEQ.
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Goal 3: Decrease agricultural pollution and waste to create

higher quality production land.
Objective 3.1: Connect all SEQ farms to waste recycling services by 2025.
Strategy 3.1.1: Commence and maintain a recyclable waste collection program for
agricultural areas. Farms, which are early adopters of this program will receive tax
credits.
Objective 3.2: Reduce soil pollution by 20% by 2025 from current 2015 agricultural
soil pollution levels.
Strategy 3.2.1: Switch farming techniques to use bio-pesticides/fertilizers which are
biodegradable and do not pollute the soil.

Strategy 3.1.1:
Funding from tax collection (see strategy 3.2.1 below) will be used to start-up and maintain the
service. The government departments and public and private organisations involved in this
strategy include:
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries
- Minister for Environment and Heritage Protection
- Department of Infrastructure, Local Government and Planning
- Local Governments of SEQ
All farms highlighted in Map 4 (Figure 4, Page 31) will be involved in this strategy, where education
of recycling and general waste will occur to maximize results of the strategy.
Strategy 3.2.1:
Taxes will be imposed on farmers using polluting chemically produced pesticides and fertilizers.
Local Governments will collect these taxes to create a fund for agricultural waste recycling. The
government departments and public and private organisations involved in this strategy include:
- Department of Environment and Heritage Protection
- Growcom
- Agforce
- QLD Farmers Federation
- Bio-chemical industry
As some pests may not have a bio-pesticide applicable to them, taxes will not apply to those
farmers who use the relevant chemical pesticide if there is proof of the pest being on their
property. The locations of the implementation of this strategy is shown in Map 4, where all
agricultural farms which use pesticides and fertilizers will be affected. All of the orange areas in
Map 4, will be expected to use bio-pesticides/fertilizers such as those discussed in Volume 2.
12
Goal 4: Support growth of the industry as climate change sets

in and produce demand increases.
Objective 4.1: Increase crop production rates by 10% by 2025.
Strategy 4.1.1: Implement evergreen double storey farming initiative to educate
farmers on the benefits and how to achieve double storey farming for certain crops
in SEQ.
Objective 4.2: Increase agricultural profits by 10% by 2035.
Strategy 4.2.1: Create a mixed farming initiative, which educates farmers on the
economic benefits and sustainable outcomes of growing crops on grazing land and
vice versa, to increase profitability and adaptability of farms.

Strategy 4.1.1:
A program will be developed where relevant stakeholders take part in funding to ensure the
strategy is implemented. The government departments and relevant public and private
organisations which will financially benefit from this strategy include:
- Growcom
- Agforce
Farms within the agricultural area of SEQ, on Map 4 (Figure 4, Page 31), have the possibility to be
a part of this initiative if crops are suited towards evergreen farming which is similar to the
processes currently being undertaken in Sub-Saharan Africa which is discussed in Volume 2.
Strategy 4.2.1:
The State of Queensland will be sought after to fund this initiative which will boost the economy.
Other stakeholders may include:
- Growcom
- Agforce
- Dairyfarmers Association
All production areas within the agricultural areas of SEQ, shown in Map 4 (Figure 4, Page 31), have
the opportunity to be involved in this initiative. This technique will increase productivity and
reduce waste as it is based on sustainable and natural processes that are identified in Volume 2.
After the 2025 review date, if a more extreme climate change scenario is prevalent then this
strategy can be implemented with more force by the State of Queensland making involvement
mandatory if deemed necessary by the state.
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2. Water Supply
Goal 1: Create sustainable and adequate supply of water in SEQ.
Objective 1.1: Utilise recycled water and increase usage of alternative water sources
by 25% in the regional landscape by 2030 from 2015 levels.
Strategy 1.1.1: Increase the usage of recycled grey through retrofitting duel
reticulation in households.
Strategy 1.1.2: Utilise existing Desalination plants in SEQ continue and increase in
operation using solar energy to power.
Objective 1.2: Increase the capacity of SEQs 12 key dams and reduce evaporation
to increase water storage of dams by 15% by 2035 from 2015.
Strategy 1.2.1: Covering of dams using monolayers to reduce evaporation.

Strategy 1.1.1
This strategy will require taxing for the implementation of the piping and instillation of the systems
therefore it is suggested that the Australian Commonwealth Government will initially fund this
method and ultimately the tax will repay over time. However there will be certain criteria for free
implementation resulting in certain households having to fund their own systems. For these
circumstances grants offered by the State Government will encourage the implementation of the
systems. The residents may not agree with this method due to increase in taxes.
Strategy 1.1.2
This method is an extreme strategy and will only be implemented if extreme measures are required
due to higher levels of climate change occurring. Funding will be sought after by the Federal
Government to pay for the implementation of the new solar panels and an increase water prices
to compensate for these funds. Solar powered desalination plants have been further researched in
Volume 2 of the Adaptation Plan Case Studies, exploring Jordan University of Science and
Technology in Irbid (Banat et al, 2007). Due to new and untested technology there is a chance that
it may not be successful therefore money will be lost. Environmental impacts are likely to result
from piping through dune systems and extracted salt.
14
Implementation Notes Table 2.1 Continued

Strategy 1.2.1
Dam monolayers are also an extreme strategy, research will be conducted in 2020 and after reevaluation and new projections in 2025 will determine and if more extreme measures are needed
then monolayers will be implemented. A water tax is to be created to cater for the cost of the
monolayers, sought for payment by the Federal Government. Grants offered to farmers by
Queensland Farmers Federation, in particular cases to encourage use of monolayers on private
dams however monolayers are not economically efficient for small dams. There is a possibility of
disagreement by public due to the chance of contamination of water. This strategy has been further
explored in the Volume 2 Case Studies, exploring examples such as in Mansfield Australia (Barnes,
2008).
Responsible Organisations
-DNRM
-Council of Mayors (SEQ)
-Department of Energy and Water supply
-Queensland Farmers Federation
-Australian Federal Government
-Department of Agriculture, Fisheries
15
Goal 2: Reduce the waste and consumption of the water

supply for SEQ.
Objective 2.1: Restrict relative consumption of household potable water per
capita in regional landscape by 15% by 2020.
Strategy 2.1.1: Education awareness campaign to allow public to understand the
issue of decreasing water supply.
Strategy 2.1.2: Implementing water smart metering systems into households
throughout SEQ.

Strategy 2.1.1
An education awareness is crucial before all other strategies are implemented to inform the public
of the severity of the situation of SEQs depleting water supply. This is to be implemented through
sought out state funding, to be included in public schools and businesses, with incentives to reduce
water costs. Public education policies will also be put in place. Implications to take into account are
that awareness does not necessarily mean change and therefore the public may disagree with the
campaign and severity of the situation. There are potential issues with large amounts of money will
be expended with possibly no benefits.
Strategy 2.1.2
Property owners will be required to fund their own systems, however incentives of reduced water
costs over time and grants for certain conditional living. Increase pricing and fees of older metering
systems as incentives for newer smart metering systems in households, schools, commercial and
government buildings, provided by WaterSave Australia. AS this is an innovative study that is still
not yet fully understood, a Case Study was undertaken and included in Volume 2 to further explain
it. There are potential disagreements as it is up to the public to install and pay for most of the
systems, and the systems may not be applicable for all households.
Responsible organisations
- DNRM
- Council of Mayors (SEQ)
- Department of Energy and Water supply
- Healthy waterways
- Queensland Plan Ambassadors Council
- WaterSave Australia
16
Goal 3: Provide a flood resistant SEQ to create clean water

quality through decreasing contamination.
Objective 3.1: Implementing water retention basins and other natural filtration and
drainage systems to decrease pollution flowing into water-ways and contaminating
water supply by 70% by 2020 from 2015 levels.
Strategy 3.1.1: All new developments must have Water Sensitive Urban Design such
as natural drainage (i.e. a water retention basin where applicable); to cater for any
potential flooding that may occur in the regional landscape, increase water supply
and reduce demand on the water grid.

Strategy 3.1.1
All public technologies such as swales and water retention basins will be funded through a tax
made by the Federal Government, already tested in Hamilton New South Wales (Coombes et al,
1999). Rainwater tanks on private properties will require funding from property owners.
Incentives such as increasing the price of water to create rainwater tanks as a more plausible
option for residents and businesses. Public swales and retention basins are prone to destruction
from the public therefore maintenance is required. WSUD, particularly the use of rainwater tanks
have been investigated and studied in Volume 2 of this Climate Change Adaptation Plan.
Responsible organisations
-DNRM
-Land Care Australia
-The Australian Commonwealth Government
17
3. Transport
Goal 1: Create safer SEQ roads to improve travel and
connection of the region.
Objective 1.1: Reduce SEQ congestion by 60% by 2030.
Strategy 1.1.1: Analyse all SEQ road traffic patterns.
Strategy 1.1.2: Enforce a congestion charge in most affected areas SEQ.
Objective 1.2: Integrate alternative transportation routes to the SEQ regional
landscape and reduce congestion by 2035.
Strategy 1.2.1: Upgrade roads to help ease congestion on SEQ roads.

Strategy 1.1.1
Strategy implementation for the analysis of all SEQ road traffic patterns will be conducted over a
five year period from 2015-2020. The funding needed for this strategy will be sought from the State
Government by implementing more traffic cameras along all major connecting roads. This strategy
will be the base for the following strategies as it is the monitoring of the current SEQ roads. DTMR
will be responsible for collecting the data for the five year period. The stakeholders that will be
associated with the strategy are the Council of Mayors (SEQ) and DTMR.
Strategy 1.1.2
After the implementation of Strategy 1.1.1; this strategy, which is the enforcement of a congestion
charge in most affected areas of SEQ. The most affected areas will be charged in order to reduce
congestion in the specific areas as there is a large amount of GHG emissions in the affected areas
similar to the technique London implemented in Volume 2 (Leape, 2006). To help the regional
landscape this strategy will be implemented with hope that the amount of emissions does not
exceed where the affected areas are and saves the areas which currently are not affected. The
charge will commence after the analysis of the roads are finished which will be 2020-2025. The
charge itself doesnt need funding however the implementation of the areas does with signage and
will be issued by State Government. The revenue from the charge will be collected by DTMR and
implemented into the upgrade of the public transport system also making fares cheaper and
enticing the public to use this technique. The responsible organisations will be Council of Mayors
(SEQ) and DTMR.
Strategy 1.2.1
This strategy will be implemented from 2025-2035 if the charge in Strategy 1.1.2 does not succeed.
Funding will be sought from State and Federal Government as there will be major upgrades of the
affect area. The responsible organisations for this strategy are Federal Government, Council of
Mayors (SEQ) and DTMR.
18
Goal 2: Improve existing public transport to improve

accessibility around SEQ.
Objective 2.1: Ensure 70% of transportation techniques in SEQ are public
transport oriented by 2035.
Strategy 2.1.1: Enforce new taxes on private vehicle usage to increase the use of
public transport.
Objective 2.2: Integrate new technologies of Public Transport by 2025.
Strategy 2.2.1: Upgrade current public transportation techniques in the SEQ region
to increase accessibility and improve transportation for the growing population.

Strategy 2.1.1
Enforcing new taxes on private vehicle usage will be implemented from 2020-2025 with
reassessing being conducted from 2025-2035 if needed. With the idea being taken from USA and
Germany of taxing private vehicle usage which is discussed in Volume 2(Buehler, 2010); the new
taxes will be sought from State and Federal Government, as they will be implementing how much
money is charged for the taxes. DTMR will be in control of the collection of taxes, putting money
back in the public transport system. Organisations responsible for this tax will be DTMR, Council
of Mayors (SEQ) and the Federal Government.
Strategy 2.2.1
The upgrade of the current public transportation techniques will require the research of new
technology from 2015-2035 as it will be an ongoing upgrade. Funding will be sought from State
Government and the revenue from Strategy 1.1.2. DTMR will be responsible for the finding and
implementing of new technologies by researching how other cities have implemented their
transportation systems. The stakeholders for this strategy are DTMR and Council of Mayors (SEQ).
19
Goal 3: Find alternative transport techniques to reduce car

usage and car emissions to make a sustainable future for the
increasing population.
Objective 3.1: Integrate new techniques to reduce car usage and emissions for the
increasing population by 2030.
Strategy 3.1.1: Produce integrated bicycle paths along SEQ roads to make it more
appealing for people to use a healthier alternative when travelling.
Implementation Notes 3.3

Strategy 3.1.1
Implementation of integrated bicycle paths along SEQ roads will be conducted from 2015-2025
but if any problems occurred in the implementation time the date will be extended from 20252030. This strategy will be conducted to make travelling for cyclists safer and also make this
transportation technique more appealing for others as it will become safer and easier to travel.
The technique of the separation will see segregated bicycle areas along streets making it easier
for cyclists and motorists to travel in the same direction similar to Chinas sustainable bike-sharing
system discussed in Volume 2 (Zhang et al., 2014). Funding for the bicycle paths will be sought
from State Government; and DTMR will conduct the projects. The stakeholders for this strategy
are DTMR and Council of Mayors (SEQ).
20
4. Energy
Goal 1: Proactive use of SEQs natural resource sector
producing sustainable and renewable off-grid energy systems.
Objective 1.1: Achieve 30 per cent of Australia's power consumption as renewable
solar energy by 2035.
Strategy 1.1.1: Source investment funds with focus on both large and small-scale
solar panel installations.
Objective 1.2: Ensure 60 per cent renewable hydroelectricity power production
within SEQ by 2035.
Strategy 1.2.1: Investment for greater viable hydroelectricity technologies to provide
both base and peak load energy.

Strategy 1.1.1
Investment for monitoring and installation of small scale renewable energy systems will be
focused within domestic households located in the SEQ region and creation of solar farms though
potential government funding.
Implementation of solar installation both on residential rooftops and large scale industrial solar
farms will commence in 2015. Rebate schemes become an incentive for participants to invest and
accommodate this source of renewable energy to meet the 30% by 2035 quota.
Strategy 1.2.1
Through obtaining investment funds, increase in hydroelectricity focused within the SEQ region is
aimed to commencing in 2015. Implementation of economically viable technologies will be
available to communities within the SEQ region though potential implications may include
resistance to provide funds for large scale renewable technologies. In 2025 a review on climate
impact will be conducted. If at this time hydroelectricity is not a dominate energy supply within
SEQ, to eliminate reliance on environmentally harmful sources extreme measures will be taken to
increase, implement and expanded hydroelectricity and solar power.
Obtaining
agencies:
-
funding for both of these strategies will be sought after from these collaborative
Department of Climate Change
Clean Energy Council (CEC)
Queensland Resources Council (QRC)
Department of Energy and Water Supply
Private technologies may be implemented under private funding
21
Goal 2: Sustainable peak demand resilient Energy Grid

within SEQ.
Objective 2.1: Create a decentralised and diverse renewable energy network to diminish
the current overstrained centralised energy system.
Strategy 2.1.1: Assess benefits of rural small-scale independent grid connectivity to
replace existing regional large scale transmission infrastructure.
Strategy 2.1.2: Promote industries both commercial and industrial within the SEQ region
to invest in off-grid renewable energy systems.

Strategy 2.1.1
Implementation of small scale grid connectivity to deter and reduce demand for development of large
scale transmission infrastructure is key to the future decentralization of the overstrained centralized
energy grid. Implementations to achieve this reduction in peak demand include energy efficiency design
principles are implemented within future residential developments reduction of demand for large
development and trial of rural generators within regional SEQ.
Assessment of energy use will be conducted through grid analysis within the SEQ region based on wider
public consumption and use. Time frame for this assessment will be conducted within 2015 to 2035
following installation of small scale house hold energy systems. Responsible organisations involve with
the decentralization and small scale clean energy efforts, whom will additionally be a potential source
of funding may include:
- Department of Climate Change
- Clean Energy Council (CEC)
- Queensland Resources Council (QRC)
- Department of Energy and Water Supply
Incentives for participation of relevant organisations include a shift from focus on dependence of large
corporations to self-sufficient small scale clean energy systems. In 2025 a review on climate impact will
be conducted. If at this time large scale transmission infrastructure is still the dominate supply occurring
within an overcentralised energy grid, extreme measures will be taken to decentralise the grid through
drastic implementation of small scale grid connectivity.
Strategy 2.1.2
Implication of educating benefits for off grid systems has potential move industries and the wider
community of SEQ towards renewable energy. Initiation of funding for of grid renewables will begin in
2015, to potentially be sources though relevant responsible organisations including:
Connection to an off-peak economic tariff and establishment of an off-peak circuit within existing and
future SEQ regional households, enabling appliances to be used efficiently at off-peak times aids in
implementation efforts to educate and inform on the benefits on use of off grid renewable energy.
22
Goal 3: Increased resilience of energy production and

distribution within SEQ enduring impacts of climate
change.
Objective 3.1: Reduce carbon emissions to 1.1per cent by 2030.
Strategy 3.1.1: Promotion of renewable energy in power stations through
prioritisation of the Large scale Renewable Energy Target (LRET) to reach carbon
neutrality.
Objective 3.2: Decrease the SEQ regions dependence on foreign energies.
Strategy 3.2.1: Production of local biofuels creating a significant demand for
sustainable bagasse crops increasing economic investment within the SEQ
agriculture industry.

Strategy 3.1.1
Improving SEQs commercial and industrial resilience to impacts of climate change will be
focused on promotion of renewable energy power stations within the SEQ region. Funding for
large scale renewable energy power stations will be sources from relevant responsible
organisations whom have an interest in sustainable communities, these potentially being:
- Queensland Conservation Council (QCC)
Initiation of achieving carbon neutral will commence in 2025 reassessed at 2035. Within this time
frame, implementations of minimised use of fossil fuels to decrease greenhouse gas emissions and
investment in clean energy technologies creating alternative means to coal fire powered energy will be
introduced through creation of incentives rewarding reduced reliance on coal fired electricity within large
commercial and industrial organisations. Consequence of monitoring and enforce and increase cost of
carbon credits for large corporations and industrial consumers will discourage organisations such as
Department of Natural Resources and Mines (DNRM) and Resources Q whom focus on high use
of coal and mineral energy.
Strategy 3.2.1
Funding for production of local biofuels as an alternative source of energy within the SEQ region,
will potentially be sourced from responsible organisations, these include:
- Queenslanders Farmers Federation (QFF)
Aim to improve policy support to ensure growth and utilisation of large sustainable biofuel resources
through implementation of waste usage within agricultural areas will commence in 2020 and come
under assessment in 2035. Though this local production of energy, reliance on international,
foreign and external energy sources becomes an unnecessary process.
23
5. Biodiversity
Goal 1: Protect, prioritise and maintain endangered and
valued species and habitats to preserve SEQs rich biodiversity.
Objective 1.1: Ensure high levels of ecological connectivity between existing
fragmented habitats throughout SEQ by 2030.
Strategy 1.1.1: Commission research studies to identify weak ecologically
disconnected areas and define climate refugia and adaptation areas as protected.
Strategy 1.1.2: Ecological Corridors assisting in species migration between
disconnected habitats.
Objective 1.2: Ensure the top ten most detrimental introduced and invasive
species are reduced and ecologically restricted by 25% by 2020.
Strategy 1.2.1: Document and monitor movements, dispersal techniques and
damage caused by invasive species, and restrict access through forcing species
towards the borders of the SEQ region.

Strategy 1.1.1
The State and Federal Government will be sought after to provide funding to identify disconnected
and vulnerable areas. These will be defined as protected and sanctuaries through transfers in
development rights and conservation easements. Corridors and climate refugia areas will also be
defined as protected areas. Climate refugia and adaptation areas are outlined on the SEQ Spatial
Strategy Diagram (Figure 4, Page 31) identifying regions that will be the least affected by the
predicted changing climate. Implications my include a resistance towards transfers of development
rights and protected areas.
Strategy 1.1.2
Funding for ecological corridors will be sourced from the State and Federal Government and levies
from industries threatening SEQ biodiversity such as mining or resource extraction. Organisations
involved in ensuring the succession of this strategy are listed above although for this strategy it also
includes the DTMR. Areas of corridor implementation are outlined on Map 4 accompanied by a
timeline identifying prioritised strategies determined from the accompanying case studies on
Canada and Brazil in Volume 2. This strategy will begin in 2021 and continue to grow past 2035.
Implications include unsuccessful migration due to overexposure to human presence for monitoring
purposes and a resistance from landowners for corridors to be constructed throughout their
properties. In 2025 a review will take place and if species migration rates are not significantly
increasing a more dramatic approach will be taken through implementing not only corridors but
also large-scale wildlife structures.
24

Strategy 1.2.1
Funding from local councils will provide jobs dedicated to reducing and maintaining invasive species
whilst restricting their dispersal ranges through animal culls and appropriate uses of pesticides. This
monitoring will be more dominant in the areas identified as climate refugia areas in map 4 as this
strategy has been successful in the case study in Arizona, USA in Volume 2. Animal and plant
products can be sold internationally as a form of income to ensure maintenance of invasive species
discussed furthermore in Volume 2. Implications that may occur include councils resistance to
prioritise this issue and animal protection agencies that may dispute the hunting and culling of
invasive species.
Many of the responsible organisations involved in ensuing the succession of the aforementioned
strategies have similar ideals for biodiversity conservation, these include:
-
Foundation of National Parks and wildlife

DNRM
DEHP
Land Care Australia
25
Goal 2: Protect ecologically rich habitats from urban

encroachment whilst allowing accessibility for the
community and tourists.
Objective 2.1: Ensure development is contained within the current 2009 urban
footprint by 2035.
Strategy 2.1.1: Designate surrounding land uses to be compatible with ecologically
significant areas through local planning schemes and educate the public about
implications that could occur from encroachment.
Objective 2.2: Provide educational facilities promoting the importance of SEQs
biodiversity to the local and visiting community by 2025.
Strategy 2.2.1: Educate the community about how they can individually contribute
towards sustaining SEQ rich biodiversity through encouraging invasive species
controls and native planting.

Strategy 2.1.1
Funding will be sought after by the State and Federal Government to implement restrictions on
native vegetation removal, vegetative buffer requirements, vehicular access restrictions to
specific sites and provide educational facilities informing the public about the harmful
implications of developing beyond the current UGB. Incentives produced by increase rates for
construction external to the UGB will be given to developers increasing density with TOD
characteristics within the UGB. This incentive has been successful in Portland, Oregon a case study
in Volume 2. The timeline indicates that this strategy will become extreme if evaluation in 2025
indicates that the more severe IPCC scenario arises. Implications include developers contesting
increased dramatic costs for development exceeding the current UGB. Monitoring of
development protocols is of high importance demanding more funding to cover supervisors.
Another implication may result in developers finding a loophole, which may result in
unsustainable development.
26

Strategy 2.2.1
Public education programs can be held by local communities with funding sought after local
councils to make a difference within communities. These programs will educate people about
native and invasive species identification and responsible pesticide and eradication protocols.
Implications include a resistance in community involvement due to a lack of time. Educational
events may only reach particular people involved and could result in incorrect species
identification. Healthy waterways are a key stakeholder in this strategy as the responsible disposal
of pesticides is highly important for conserving SEQs rich biodiversity.
strategies have similar ideals for biodiversity conservation, these include:
- Foundation of National Parks and Wildlife
- DERM
- DEHP
Goal 3: Ensure toxic chemicals and pollution does not

threaten SEQs rich biodiversity.
Objective 3.1: Ensure levels of Non-Point Source pollution recorded in 2015 are
reduced by 25% in waterways and ecologically rich areas by 2025.
Strategy 3.1.1: Integrate best practice wastewater and runoff management
predominantly from agricultural land through vegetative filtration techniques.

Strategy 3.1.1
Funding for educational programs specifically to agricultural industries will be sought from the State
and Federal Government. The implementation of filtration buffers along river corridors double as a
corridor linkage therefore incentives will be offered for those willing to implement a 5 metre filtration
buffer zone either side of key river corridors throughout personal agricultural landscapes. Incentives
will also be granted to agricultural industries changing from pesticides to environmentally friendly
pest controls such as netting, refer to Volume 2 for successful case studies in China and Canada. This
strategy is a great alternative to strategy 1.1.2 if agricultural resistance levels are too high.
Implications include the possibility of landowners to resist NPS pollution filtration areas as they
occupy too much productivity area.
strategy have similar ideals for biodiversity conservation, these include:
- DAF
- Queensland Farming Federation
- DERM
- DEHP
- Land Care Australia
- Healthy Waterways
27
4.6 Implementation Timeline

From each key issue area six innovative and best practise strategies have been collated into a
timeline to identify when and how they will be implemented into the SEQ regional landscape.
The red line at 2025 in Table 1 is a re-evaluation date where the goals, objectives and
strategies contained within this plan will be re-evaluated for their appropriateness, efficacy,
and responsiveness to the impacts of climate change and population growth. Once the new
projections have been made in 2025, the extremity of the strategies will then be determined.
If new projections show greater catastrophic levels then at 2025 the existing measures will be
strengthened to have greater effect on climate change and population growth. If objectives
are being met these strategies will still be used but less strength.
Table 6: Implementation timeline of the key strategies
20312035
20252030
20212024
20182020
CLIMATE CHANGE
ADAPTATION STRATEGIES
YEAR
20152017
KEY
ISSUE
AREA
3.1.1: Recyclable waste collection program for agricultural areas
AGRICULTURE
1.1.1: Improve farmers access to information by allowing all

farmers the option to connect to the system by 2030
4.1.1: Implement evergreen double storey farming initiative
3.2.1: Switch farming techniques to use bio-pesticides/fertilizers

which are biodegradable
4.2.1: Create a mixed farming initiative, which educates farmers to
increase profitability and adaptability of farms
2.1.1: Install dam covers on dams used for irrigation purposes in
SEQ
2.1.1: Education awareness campaign to allow public to understand
the issue of decreasing water supply
WATER SUPPLY
2.1.2: Implementing water smart metering systems into households

throughout SEQ
1.1.1: Increase the usage of recycled grey through retrofitting duel
reticulation in households
3.1.1: Implement Water Sensitive Urban Design such as natural
drainage
1.2.1: Covering of dams using monolayers to reduce evaporation
1.1.2: Utilize existing Desalination plants in SEQ continue and

increase in operation using solar energy to power
28
20312035
20252030
20212024
YEAR
20182020
CLIMATE CHANGE
ADAPTATION STRATEGIES
20152017
KEY
ISSUE
AREA
TRANSPORT
1.1.1: Analyse all SEQ road traffic patterns
3.1.1: Produce integrated bicycle paths along SEQ roads to make it

more appealing for people to use a healthier alternative when
travelling
2.2.1: Upgrade current transportation techniques in the SEQ region
to increase accessibility and improve transportation for the growing
population
1.1.2: Enforce a congestion charge in most affected areas SEQ
1.2.1: Upgrade roads to help ease congestion on SEQ roads
2.1.1: Enforce new taxes on private vehicle usage to increase the
use of public transport
2.1.1: Assess benefits of rural small scale independent connectivity
to replace existing regional large scale transmission infrastructure
BIODIVERSITY
ENERGY
1.2.1: Investment in greater viable hydroelectricity technologies to

provide both base and peak load energy
2.1.2: Promote industries both commercial and industrial within the
SEQ region to invest in off-grid renewable energy systems
1.1.1: Source investment funds with focus on both large and small
scale solar panel installations
3.2.1: Production of local biofuels creating a significant demand for
sustainable bagasse crops increasing economic investment within
the SEQ agriculture industry
3.1.1: Promotion of renewable energy in power stations through
prioritisation of the large scale renewable energy target (LRET) to
reach carbon neutrality.
1.1.1: Commission research studies to identify weak ecologically
disconnected areas and define climate refugia and adaptation areas
as protected
1.2.1: Document and monitor movements, dispersal techniques
and damage caused by invasive species, and restrict access
dispersal ranges
3.1.1: Integrate best practice wastewater and runoff management
predominantly from agricultural land through filtration techniques
2.2.1: Educate the community about conserving SEQs biodiversity
through invasive species controls and native planting
1.1.2: Ecological corridors assisting in species migration between
disconnected habitats
2.1.1: Designate surrounding land uses to be compatible with ESAs
through local planning schemes and educate the public about urban
encroachment
29
4.7 Implementation Map

The supporting map of the five key issue areas illustrates the mapping of the strategies
needed in the SEQ region. Agriculture has been mapped by showing all agricultural area in
SEQ, the reason there is no specific targeted area for the issue of agriculture, is because to
help one area in agriculture the rest needs to be looked after too. The issue of water has
been mapped for strategies involving water infrastructure, dams and the desalination plant;
the water infrastructure presented is connected to the major dams that are mapped
displaying the integration of water throughout the SEQ region. To help display the strategies
being conducted in the SEQ region using transport; major roads, train lines and where the
heaviest amount of congestion is within the region have been displayed. The major roads
highlight the connection of the SEQ region, with train lines displaying how the public transport
system is currently working. As congestion will be a major issue with the growing population,
the current congestion found in SEQ has also been displayed. The energy issue strategies have
been displayed by using the power stations in SEQ and the power stations in the Condamine
Region that have linkages to SEQ; the power stations in SEQ also have a link to dams and
transport infrastructure. Biodiversity has the most mapped area for strategies emphasising
linkages between national parks, climate refuge and adaptation areas, wildlife corridors and
ecological linkages.
30
Figure 4: Strategy Implementation of SEQ Map

31
5. Evaluation of Strategic Framework

The strategic framework of this plan is intended to exceed the criteria used to evaluate its
effectiveness. The criteria includes the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Changes (IPCC)
Representative Concentration Pathway (RPC) for carbon in the atmosphere of 4.5 which
would lead to a low-intermediate climate change scenario (IPCC 2014). It also includes the
SEQ communitys vision for the region which is present in the SEQ Regional Plan (DILGP 2009).
5.1 Climate Change Scenario

RCP 4.5 is a low-intermediate climate change scenario which was adopted by the IPCC in 2014
in its Fifth Assessment Report on Climate Change. RCP 4.5, shown in Figure 5, represents the
anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions emitted into the atmosphere which directly
influence the scale of climate change (IPCC 2014). The anthropogenic emissions for the lowintermediate climate change scenario peak after 2040 and would cause a maximum
temperature rise of 1.7-3.2oC by 2100 and a maximum sea-level rise of 0.63 metres by 2100
(IPCC 2014). The likelihood of an intermediate climate change scenario to take place is highly
likely due to increased global concern and action to mitigate climate change (Ramana & Goicc
2012). However, the chance that a more extreme scenario occurs is also possible if
implemented mitigation strategies are not sufficient at reducing the RCP to 4.5 (Ramana &
Goicc 2012). As this is possible, strategies implemented after 2025 will be adaptable to a more
extreme IPCC scenario if required.
Figure 5: Representative Concentration Pathways for Anthropogenic Greenhouse Gas

Emissions as adopted by the IPCC
Source: IPCC Fifth Assessment Report 2014; Ilinri 2014
32
5.2 Community Vision

The community vision for SEQ is represented in the SEQ Regional Plan (DILGP 2009) as:
The regional vision for SEQ is a future that is sustainable, affordable, prosperous,
liveable and resilient to climate change
The plan also includes regional visions to make urban and rural areas mutually supportive of
each other, create safe, healthy and inclusive communities, provide diverse job opportunities,
maintain important ecological and cultural landscapes, provide access to green space, natural
and recreation, and to reinforce the sub-tropical nature of the region through sustainable
development (DILGP 2009). FP Consultancies vision statement includes similar visions for SEQ
as the community such as sustainability on social, environmental and economic levels and the
resilience of the region to climate change. The link between these two visions strengthens
the application and relevance of this adaptation plan to the rural production areas and
regional landscape of SEQ.
5.3 Evaluation Matrix

Critical evaluation of the strategic framework is required to ensure this plan will be successful
at meeting the requirements of the SEQ community and the low-intermediate IPCC scenario
of RCP 4.5 or a higher climate change scenario if required. The table below describes the
strategies which fulfil the requirements of the chosen climate change scenario and the
community vision of SEQ.
Table 7: Evaluation of Strategic Framework
Criteria
Strategies
Agriculture: All Strategies
Water: All Strategies
Can cope with IPCC Scenario RCP 4.5
Transport: All Strategies
Energy: All Strategies
Biodiversity: All Strategies
Climate Change Adaptation Plan
Performance Review Every 5 Years:
Review of unfolding climate change
scenario and strategies
Climate Change Scenario Review at year
2025:
Agriculture: 1.2.1.1 & 1.4.2.1
Water: 2.1.1.2 & 2.1.2.1
Transport: 3.1.2.1 & 3.3.1.1
Energy: 4.2.1.1 & 4.3.2.1
Biodiversity: 5.1..1.2 & 5.2.1.1
33

Criteria
Strategies
Clear and measurable climate change
objectives
Adaptable to more extreme scenarios

such as RCP 6.0 or RCP 8.5
1.2.1.1: Install dam covers on dams used

for irrigation purposes in SEQ.
1.4.2.1: Create a mixed farming initiative,
which educates farmers to increase
profitability and adaptability of farms.
2.1.2.1: Covering of dams using monolayers
to reduce evaporation
2.1.1.2: Utilize existing Desalination plants
in SEQ continue and increase in operation
using solar energy to power
3.3.1.1: Produce integrated bicycle paths
along SEQ roads to make it more appealing
for people to use a healthier alternative
when travelling.
3.1.2.1: Upgrade roads to help ease
congestion on SEQ roads.
4.2.1.1: Eliminate demand for development
of large scale transmission infrastructure
with use of small scale grid connectivity
4.3.2.1: Production of local biofuels
creating a significant demand for
sustainable bagasse crops increasing
economic investment within the SEQ
agriculture industry
5.1.1.2: Ecological corridors assisting in
species migration between disconnected
habitats.
5.2.1.1: Designate surrounding land uses to
be compatible with ESAs through local
planning schemes and educate the public
about urban encroachment.
34

Criteria
Strategies
Aims for resilience to climate change
Climate change adaptation strategies
Agriculture: 5.4.1.1 & 4.4.2.1
Plans for rapid population growth in the Transport: All Strategies
region
Biodiversity: 5.1.1.1, 5.1.1.2, 5.2.2.1 &
5.2.1.1.
Sustainability of the region
Important ecological and cultural
landscapes are maintained
Safe and healthy communities
Access to green space, nature and

recreation
Urban and rural areas are mutually
supportive
Sustainable development

Agriculture: 1.1.1.1 & 1.3.2.1
Transport: 3.1.2.1
Biodiversity: 5.2.1.1
35
6. Conclusion
The Climate Change Adaptation Plan 2015-2035 identified five key issues associated with
threats from changing climate and rapid population growth in the SEQ region. The five
major issues identified include Agriculture, Water Supply, Transport, Energy and
Biodiversity. Major goals, measurable objectives and achievable strategies encompassed
throughout this document were developed through a collaborative partnership with the
local community. A vision was formed to overcome these issues:
Forward Planning Consultancies, with support of the SEQ community and State of
Queensland, aims to achieve a sustainable regional landscape to cater for the rapidly
growing population and changing climate of the region. All economic, social and
environmental aspects of the triple bottom line will be considered, and the qualities of the
region, will be maintained and improved using climate change adaptation techniques.
FP Consultancies have determined innovative and cutting edge strategies and
implementation tools that will combat the major issues that are likely to arise. Strategies
have been tailored to cope with a low-intermediate climate change scenario but additionally
adaptable to handle an extreme climate change scenario if it occurs. Evaluation of the
Communitys Vision and the IPCC Scenarios have allowed FP Consultancies to rate the plan
and determine what the future of SEQ will provide. This Plan is the final stage of a 5 Phase
project, leading to create a greater SEQ regional landscape.
36
7. References
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American Planning Association, vol. 74, no. 2, pp. 196-208.
Asian Productivity Organisation (APO). 2007. Business potential for agricultural biotechnology
products. APO, Tokyo.
Australian Renewable Energy Agency, (2013). What is renewable energy?. [online] Available
at: http://arena.gov.au/about-renewable-energy/ [Accessed 10 Apr. 2015].
Banat, F., Jwaied, N., Rommel, M., Koschikowski, J., & Wieghaus, M. 2007, Desalination by
a compact SMADES autonomous solar- powered membrane distillation unit,
Desalination, vol. 217, pp. 29-37.
Barnes, G. T. 2008, The potential for monolayers to reduce the evaporation of water from
large water storages, Agricultural Water Management, vol. 95, pp. 339-53.
Clean Energy Council 2015, About the Clean Energy Council (online), Available:
<http://www.cleanenergycouncil.org.au/about.html>.
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39
8. Picture Credits
Page v: SEQ Farm (Visit Scenic Rim), 2015, Available:
http://www.visitscenicrim.com.au/gallery/
Page vii: SEQ Farm (Visit Scenic Rim), 2015, Available:
Page 5: SEQ Farm (Visit Scenic Rim), 2015, Available:
Page: 8: SEQ Farm (Visit Scenic Rim), 2015, Available:
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3097ENV Strategic Planning Studio

SOUTH EAST QUEENSLAND

Copyright Forward Planning Consultancies

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First Published 2015.

Climate Change Adaptation Actions

and force of free flowing water, spinning

Stakeholder Individuals, groups or

Mixed Farming Combining crop and

Tidal power A form of hydropower that

Non-Point Source Pollution Pollutants

Regional Landscape and Rural Production

Urban Footprint The area in which urban

Renewable energy Any naturally

Urban Growth Boundary A regional

3. Background Statement of SEQ

3.1 Key Environmental Attributes and Linkages of SEQ

Figure 1: Key Environmental Issues of SEQ Map

These aforementioned attributes, displayed in Figure 1, are interconnected showing a range

Figure 2: Attribute Linkages of SEQ Map

3.2 Key Issue Areas

3.3 Issues within Key Issue Areas

Figure 3: Issues within Key Issue Areas of SEQ Map

3.4 Environmental Assessment of Key Issue Areas

3.5 Current Management Frameworks

3.6 Key Stakeholders

SEQ Climate Change

Implementation Notes Table 1.1

State Department of Agriculture and Fisheries

Goal 2: Ensure agricultural water usage is efficient and supply

Implementation Notes Table 1.2

Department of Agriculture and Fisheries

Goal 3: Decrease agricultural pollution and waste to create

Implementation Notes Table 1.3

Goal 4: Support growth of the industry as climate change sets

Implementation Notes Table 1.4

Implementation Notes Table 2.1

Implementation Notes Table 2.1 Continued

Goal 2: Reduce the waste and consumption of the water

Implementation Notes Table 2.2

Goal 3: Provide a flood resistant SEQ to create clean water

Implementation Notes Table 2.3

Implementation Notes Table 3.1

Goal 2: Improve existing public transport to improve

Implementation Notes Table 3.2

Goal 3: Find alternative transport techniques to reduce car

Implementation Notes 3.3

Implementation Notes Table 4.1

Goal 2: Sustainable peak demand resilient Energy Grid

Implementation Notes Table 4.2

Goal 3: Increased resilience of energy production and

Implementation Notes Table 4.3

Implementation Notes Table 5.1

Implementation Notes Table 5.1 Continued

Foundation of National Parks and wildlife

Goal 2: Protect ecologically rich habitats from urban

Implementation Notes Table 5.2

Implementation Notes Table 5.2 Continued

Goal 3: Ensure toxic chemicals and pollution does not

Implementation Notes Table 5.3

4.6 Implementation Timeline

3.1.1: Recyclable waste collection program for agricultural areas

1.1.1: Improve farmers access to information by allowing all