Process Variable or Hardware Elements

Controlled Variable
Temperature Indicator
Set Point Temperature
Temperature Controller
Flow Indicator
Flow Controller
Manipulated Variable
Final Control Element
Distillation Column:

Values of Variables or Details

Temperature
Thermocouple
Ttop=56.5C,Tbottom=101C
PID
Orifice Plate
Proportional Controller
Reflux Flow Rate,Steam Flow Rate
Control Valve

Process Instrumentation Diagram (PID) of Distillation (Overall):

7.1 Instr
ume
ntati
on
of

Condenser

FT

Acetone Column

FC

TC

Distillate product
Control Valve
TI

TT

FT
TC

FC
FI

Bottom product
product

Control Valve

Process Instrumentation Diagram (PID) of Distillation (Top) :

Steam

Condenser

TI

TT

Acetone column

FT
TC

FC

FI

Distillate product
Control Valve

Process Instrumentation Diagram (PID) of Distillation (Bottom) :

Acetone Column

TI

TT

TC

FT

FC

FI

Steam
Control Valve

Bottom product

8.1 HAZOP study on Distillation Column:

Guide word

Deviation

Causes
Feed pipe

No

Feed Flow

broken or
plugging.
Leakage or

Low

Feed flow

partial plugging
of feed pipeline

More

Feed flow

More

Feed Temperature

Low

Feed temperature

1)Top
composition

Consequences
Loss of feed in the
column.
Undesired output.

2)Bottom
composition

Schedule
inspection and
maintenance.

Level decrease in

Install check

column.

valve.

Install bypass line

Valve fail

Flooding

More feed

Off specification

Install feed

preheating

product

forward controller

Less feed
preheating

Undesired product

1)High/Low

1) desorbent

reflux flow rate

concentration varies.
2)Off specified recovery

As well as

Actions

2)High/Low
steam flow rate
in the boiler

of high octane naphtha.

with manual valve.

Installation of feed
forward controller

1)Feed backward
control system to
control l reflux
2)Feed backward
control system to
control steam flow
rate.