N

Cl

CHEMICAL BOND
refers to a mutual electrical
attraction between the nuclei
and valence electrons of
different atoms that binds
together.

MAPPING THE PERIODIC

TABLE
1
18
H

He

Li

2
Be

13
B

14
C

15
N

16
O

17
F

Ne

Na

Mg

Al

Si

Cl

Ar

Ca

Ga

Ge

As

Se

Br

Kr

Rb

Sr

In

Sn

Sb

Te

Xe

Cs

Ba

Tl

Pb

Bi

Po

At

Rn

Representative Elements

VALENCE ELECTRONS
refers to electrons found at the outermost energy
level/shell.
TO KNOW THE VE OF:

REPRESENTATIVE ELEMENTS: the

group number is the VE
TRANSITIONAL ELEMENTS: use
electronic configuration to determine
the VE.

ELECTRONEGATIVITY
property of an atom to attract
electrons higher
electronegativity, the higher
tendency to attract electrons.

ELECTRONEGATIVITY TABLE

1
H
131
1
Li

18
He
237
2
Ne

2
Be
131
2

13
B
800

14
C
108
5

15
N
140
2

16
O
131
4

17
F
168
1

208
0

Na
496

Mg
738

Al
578

Si
786

P
101
2

S
100
0

Cl
125
1

Ar
152
0

K
419

Ca
131
2

Ga
579

Ge
761

As
947

Se
941

Br
114
0

Kr
135
1

Rb
403

Sr
131
2

In
558

Sn
709

Sb
834

Te
869

I
100
8

Xe
117
0

Cs
376

Ba
131

Tl
589

Pb
716

Bi
703

Po
813

At
926

Rn
103

520

IONIZATION ENERGY
refers to energy needed to pull
or remove an electron lower
ionization energy value, the
easier to remove an electron

IONIZATION ENERGY TABLE

1
H
131
1
Li

18
He
237
2
Ne

2
Be
131
2

13
B
800

14
C
108
5

15
N
140
2

16
O
131
4

17
F
168
1

208
0

Na
496

Mg
738

Al
578

Si
786

P
101
2

S
100
0

Cl
125
1

Ar
152
0

K
419

Ca
131
2

Ga
579

Ge
761

As
947

Se
941

Br
114
0

Kr
135
1

Rb
403

Sr
131
2

In
558

Sn
709

Sb
834

Te
869

I
100
8

Xe
117
0

Cs
376

Ba
131

Tl
589

Pb
716

Bi
703

Po
813

At
926

Rn
103

520

LEWIS ELECTRON DOT

SYSTEM (LEDS)

uses dots to represent the number of

valence electrons of an atom.

N
a

N
a

C
l

Cl

WHY ATOMS NEED TO

FORM BONDS?
N
a

Unstable
atoms

N
a

Stable
atoms

C
l

C
l

WHY ATOMS NEED TO FORM BONDS?

to attain stability in the

arrangement of their electrons

and become isoelectronic to their
nearest noble gas.
Octet rule to become stable,
atoms must have 8 valence
electrons in their outermost shell

IONIC BONDING
refers to gaining or losing of electron of an
atom.
Na

C
l

C
l

N
a
Na+

Cation is a positive
ion

NaCl

ClAnion is a
negative ion

SEATWORK
Determine the following elements as metal or
non-metal. Write their Lewis structure.
Carbon (C)
Sulfur (S)
Potassium (K)
Magnesium (Mg)
Selenium (Se)

SEATWORK
Determine the following elements as metal or
non-metal. Write their Lewis structure.
Carbon (C)
Sulfur (S)
Potassium (K)
Magnesium (Mg)
Selenium (Se)