A presentation on

Flexural & Shear Design of

Deep Beam

Presented by
Pragya N R
P
Roy (P
(Peter)
t )
Structural Engineer

Contents
What is Deep Beam
Behavior of Deep Beam
Flexural Design of Deep Beam
Shear Design
g of Deep
p Beam
Examples
p

What is Deep Beam

Large depth/thickness ratio
And shear span depth ratio
less than
2.5 for concentrated load
and
less than 5.0 for distributed
load.
Where the shear span is the
clear span of the beam for
distributed load

Application

Pile Cap
Cap.
Bridge Girder.
W ll slabs
Wall
l b under
d vertical
ti l lloads.
d
Floors slabs under horizontal loads.
Some shear walls.

Behavior of Deep beam

Two-Dimensional Action.
Plane Section Do Not Remain Plane, in the deep
beam design.
The strain distribution is no longer linear.
The shear deformation cannot be neglected as in
the ordinary beam.
The stress distribution is not linear even in the
elastic stage.
At the ultimate limit state the shape of concrete
compressive
i stress bl
block
k iis not parabolic
b li shape
h
again.

Behavior of Deep beam

The distribution of tensile stress at bottom
fiber is constant over the span.
Tensile stress in the bottom fiber at support
and at mid span is almost the same.
The tension reinforcement must be extended
to the end of support.
The
Th maximum
i
ttensile
il stress
t
att th
the b
bottom
tt
fiber is far exceed the magnitude of
compressive
i stress.
t

Design Criteria for flexure in deep

Beams
Simply Supported beams:

The ACI code does not specify a simplified

g pprocedure
design
ACI procedure for flexural analysis and
design of deep beams follows rigorous non
linear approach
The simplified provisions presented in this
section are based on the recommendations of
the Euro
Euro-International
International Concrete Committee
(CEB).

Design Criteria for flexure in deep

Beams
A schematic stress
distribution in a
homogeneous deep beam
having a span/depth ratio
Ln/h = 1.0
10
It was experimentally
observed that the moment
lever arm does not change
significantly even after initial
cracking

Design Criteria for flexure in deep

Beams
Nominal Resisting Moment,
Mn = Asfy (moment arm jd)
The reinforcement area As for flexure is
As = Mu/fyjd 3fc
3fc bd/fy 200bd/fy
The lever arm as recommended by CEB
j 0.2(l+2h)
jd=
0 2( 2 ) for
f 1 l/h <2
2
jd=0.6l for l/h <1
l= Effective span measured from c/c.
The tension reinforcement has to be placed in the
lower segment
g
of beam height
g such that the
segment height is Y=0.25h-0.05l < 0.20h

Design Criteria for flexure in deep

Beams

SHEAR DESIGN OF DEEP BEAM

The shear design of deep beam is similar as shear
design
g of ordinary
y beam.
The difference is the concrete shear strength.
Limitation of ultimate shear force.
Horizontal and vertical stirrups distribution.

BASIC DESIGN EQUATION

Vn Vu
Vn = nominal shear strength
Vn = design shear strength
= strength
g reduction factor (0.85)
(
)
Vu = ultimate shear force, factored shear force

SHEAR DESIGN OF DEEP BEAM

As shear design of ordinary beam, the shear force is
resisted by the concrete component and by the
shear reinforcement component, as follows :
Vn = Vc + Vs
where :
Vn = Nominal shear strength
Vc = Concrete shear strength without shear
reinforcement
Vs = shear reinforcement ((stirrup)
p) shear strength
g

CONCRETE SHEAR STRENGTH

The concrete Shear strength of deep beam is taken as

where :
Vc = concrete shear strength (N)
Mu = ultimate
lti t flflexure momentt (N
(Nmm))
Vu = ultimate shear force (N)
fc = concrete cylinder strength (MPa)
p
d = effective depth
bw = width of beam web
w = longitudinal reinforcement ratio

CONCRETE SHEAR
STRENGTH
Or ,the concrete shear strength can be determined
as :

The maximum limit of concrete shear strength

is
s:

CONCRETE SHEAR
STRENGTH
The section must be enlarged if the ultimate shear force does not
follow the condition below :

Or,

STIRRUP SHEAR STRENGTH

The
e st
strength
e gt o
of horizontal
o o ta a
and
d vertical
e t ca sshear
ea
reinforcements is :

LIMITS OF SHEAR
REINFORCEMENT
The minimum shear reinforcement area is :
Avmin = 0.0015 (bsv)
Avhmin = 0.0025 (b

sh)

where :
Av-min = minimum vertical stirrups
Avh-min
h i = minimum horizontal stirrups
b = width of beam
sv = spacing
i off vertical
ti l stirrups
ti
sh = spacing of horizontal stirrups

MAXIMUM SPACING OF SHEAR

REINFORCEMENT
The maximum spacing
p
g of shear reinforcement is :

CRITICAL SECTION IN DEEP BEAM

The critical section to determines the ultimate shear force
in the deep beam is :

STEP BY STEP PROCEDURE

The followings are the step by step procedure used in the shear
design for deep beam, as follows :

Determine the critical section to calculate the ultimate shear force

Vu.

STEP BY STEP PROCEDURE

Check the ultimate shear force, enlarge the section if
the condition is not achieved.

STEP BY STEP PROCEDURE

Calculate the concrete shear strength Vc:

STEP BY STEP PROCEDURE

If Vu < 0.5Vc then no shear reinforcements needed, but for
practical
ti l reason provide
id minimum
i i
shear
h
reinforcement:
i f
t

If Vu > Vc then provide the shear reinforcements.

STEP BY STEP PROCEDURE

Calculate the ultimate shear force carried by the stirrups Vs.

Choose the
Ch
th vertical
ti l and
d horizontal
h i
t l stirrups
ti
until
til the
th condition
diti
achieved.

STEP BY STEP PROCEDURE

Check the spacing of shear reinforcement

sv and sh.

If necessary check the chosen shear reinforcements for the basic

design equation for shear design.

STEP BY STEP PROCEDURE

The design procedure above is repeats until the basic design

equation for shear design is achieved

Example: Design Problem

Flexural Design of a
Simply Supported
Beam

Example: Design Problem

MATERIAL
Concrete strength = K
300
Steel grade = Grade
400
Concrete cylinder
strength = f'c = 0.83
30 = 24.9 MPa
1 = 0.85

DIMENSION
b = 500 mm
h = 2750 mm
Concrete cover = 50
mm
d = 2700 mm

Example: Design Problem

Design Force
Mu=1.4((1/8)*qL^2
= 1.4((1/8)*6000*5^2
1 4((1/8)*6000*5^2
=26250 kgm
Deep Beam Checking
Ln/d = 4700/2700
4700/2700=1
1.74
74
Where, 1.0 1.74 5.0
Deep beam action

Example: Design Problem

Lever Arm
jd = 0.2(L + 2h)= 0.2(5000 + 2(2750))
=2100mm
Positive Reinforcement
Mu = 262500000Nmm

Example: Design Problem

Example: Design Problem

SHEAR DESIGN OF
SIMPLY SUPPORTED
DEEP BEAM

Example: Design Problem

MATERIAL
Concrete strength = K
300
Steel grade = Grade
240
Concrete cylinder
strength = f'c = 0.83
30 = 24.9 MPa
1 = 0.85

DIMENSION
b = 500 mm
h = 2750 mm
Concrete cover = 50
mm
d = 2700 mm

Example: Design Problem

Design Force
X =1.5Ln=0.15x4700 =705mm
Vu =1.4(10770)=
=1 4(10770)= 15078 kg
Limitation Checking

The Section is not enlarged.

Example: Design Problem

Concrete Shear Strength

Example: Design Problem

Design of Stirrups
Vu= 150780 < 0.5**V
0 5**Vc =872161
872161
Provide minimum web reinforcement
For horizontal and vertical stirrups we
g 10.
choose 2 legs
Av=2((1/4)* 2 =2((1/4)* *102 =157mm2

Example: Design Problem

Example: Design Problem

Reinforcement arrangement

References
Reinforced Concrete by E
E. G
G. Nawy
http://www.asdipsoft.com/Deep-bm.htm

THANK YOU