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Maps, Scales and Projections
Maps, Scales and Projections
projections
10May2016
Last class:
Create a map
Visualiza information using different tools
In this class:
Maps, projections and scales
Change projection of a map
Map
Graphic representation of
information
Topographic terrain
Map
Create a map includes:
Choose the information to be shown
Simplify complex features
Exagerate minute features
Clasify in groups continuous information
Use simbology in an accesible way
Projections
Project in 2D a quasi-sphere the Earth
Propertiess:
Conformality preserve local angles. Thus preserves shape but areas may be
imprecise.
Projections
Types:
Cylindrical
Conic
Azimuth
Projections
Cylindric:
Shape
Area
Direction
Distance
Mercator
Accurate in the
equator
Robinson
Small distorsion
Very distorted
Constant across
latitudes
Sinusoidal
Correct in the
equator
Constatn across
the world
Small distorsion
Sinusoidal
Mercator
Robinson
Projections
Conic
Shape
Area
Direction
Distance
Albers Constant
area
Accurate
Accurate
Accurate int he
paralels
Accurate
at small scales
Conic
equidistant
Accurate
Accurate
Accurate
at small scales
Accurate at
scales less than
30
Lamber
conformal
Conformal
Minimum
distorsion
Accurate
Accurate
at small scales
Lambert
Albers
Projections
Azimuth
Shape
Area
Direction
Distance
Gnomonic
Distorted at
edges
Distorted at
edges
Accurate from
the center
Distorted
Orthographic
Distorted at
edges
Distorted at
edges
Accurate from
the center
Accurate. Used
for views from
space
Stereographic
Conformal
Distorted at
edges
Accurate from
the center
Distorted at
edges
Stereografica
Gnomonic
Ortografica
Scale
Proportion between the real feature and the map
Coordinate systems
Relative position of a point form a reference one in a X, Y
plane
Exercise
Define map projections
Change coordinate systems
Transformations