Solution for problems from Chapter 1- Fundamental of Acoustics (Part 1)

1.3.1.
T
the speed of a simple oscillator of angular frequency 0 has
2
maximum amplitude U and positive value. Find x(t ) .

At time t =

Answer:
u (t ) = U sin (0t + )

Then,
u (t ) = U sin ( 0 t + )

T
T

u = U sin 0 +
2
2

Since 0 = 2 f 0 and f 0 =

u (t ) =

1
, then
T

T
2 T

+
u = U sin
2
T 2

= U sin ( + )
= U (sin cos )
= U (sin cos + cos sin )
= U (0 cos 1 sin )
= U sin
T
at u , max amplitude = U
2
T
u = U = U sin
2
sin = 1, =

dx
(t ) = U sin 0 t +
dt
2

dx(t ) = U sin t + 2 dt
0

x(t ) = U sin 0 t + dt
2

x(t ) = U cos 0 t +
+C
2 0

x(t ) =
cos 0 t + + C , with C = 0
2
0

U


cos( 0 t ) cos sin ( 0 t )sin
0
2
2
U
=
sin ( 0 t )
=

1.3.2.
A simple oscillator whose natural frequency is 5rad/s is displaced a distance 0.03
m from its equilibrium position and released. Find (a) the initial acceleration, (b)
the amplitude of the resulting motion, and (c) the maximum speed attained.
Answer:
If 0 = 5 rad/s
x0 = 0.03 m
we know u0 = 0 m/s

a). a(0)

u0
0
=
= 0, = 0 o
0 x0 5 0.03
x(t ) = C. cos( 0 t + )

tan =

x(0 ) = C. cos(5.0 + 0 ) = 0.03

C. cos 0 o = 0.03 C = 0.03 m

dx
= U . sin ( 0 t + ), U = C. 0
dt
dx
= C. sin ( 0 t + ) 0
dt
d 2x
2
= a (t ) = C. cos( 0 t + 0 ) 0
2
dt
2
a (0) = C. cos( 0 .0 ) 0 = 0.03 25 = 0.75m / s 2

b). x(0) = 0.03 m

c). U = maximum speed attained = speed amplitude

U = C 0 = 0 . 03 5 = 0 . 15 m / s
1.6.1.
A mass of 0.5 kg hangs on a spring. When an additional mass of 0.2 kg is
attached to the spring, the spring stretches an additional 0.04m. When the 0.2 kg
mass is abruptly removed, the amplitude of the ensuing oscillations of the 0.5 kg
mass is observed to decrease to 1/e of its initial value in 1.0 s. Compute values
for Rm, d, A, and ,
Answer:
We have,
m = 0.5 kg ; mL = 0.2 kg ; x(0) = 0.04 m
1
1 1
=1,0 second ; = = =
= 1 s

1s
R
= m;
2m
x(t ) = Ae t cos( d t + ) x(0 ) = A cos
Rm = .2m = 2 0,5kg 1 s 1 = 1

kg
s

s
;
m
kg .m
F m.g 0,5 kg 9,8
s 2 = 49 N
s= =
=
m
x
x
0,04 m
- d =

0 =
d =

2 ;

0 2 =

49 N

m = 98 rad 2
s2
0,5 kg

(98 1) =

97 = 9,849 rad

- and A, Initial condition:

dx
x(t = 0 );
(t = 0 ) dx = 0
dt
dt
t
x(t ) = Ae . cos ( d t + )

dx
= Ae t . cos ( d t + ) + Ae t . sin ( d t + ). d
dt
dx
(t = 0) = A. cos + A( sin ). d = A[ cos + d sin ] = 0
dt
since A 0,

] [

cos + d sin = 0
cos = d sin
1

tan =
=
= 5,798 o
d
9,849
A cos = 0.04 m A =

0.04 m
= 0.0402 m
cos 5,798 o