ADAPTATIONS

Dr manal sheta
ADAPTATIONS

In respond to excessive physiologic stresses or pathologic

stimuli cell may adapt, where anew altered steady state is
.achieved preserving cell viability
Hyperplasia

It is an increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue

It can occur only in cells capable of synthesizing DNA (such as
(epithelial, hematopoietic, and connective tissue cells
:Physiologic
(Hormone hyperplasia (endomeruim after estrogen stimulation
Compansatory hyperplasia (hyperplasia of the liver after partial
(hepatectomy
:Pathologic

(After excessive hormone stimulation (atypical endometrial hyperplasia

(Or excessive scar formation (keloid
Hypertrophy

It is an increase in the number of organelles, and size of cells

,hence, the size of an organ

increased functional demands (hypertrophy of striated muscle- 1

(in muscle builders

2- specific hormonal stimulation(breast enlargement during

pregnancy)
Atrophy

It is the shrinkage in the sizeof the cell and the size of the
organ as a result of loss in cell substance
:Examples

Decreased workload-
loss of innervation-
Diminished blood supply-
- Inadequate nutrition
- Loss of endocrine stimulation
Aging-
Metaplasia

It is a reversible change in which one adult cell type is replaced by another