Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 11

-

89 -10 -2 -

Ms90 /St 14



     


 

* !+ %,   %)  '( &   " #$%  !  


(54/8/4 :67( /$%+  55/4/12 :. " /$%+)


 .*A@$ .
?! 6* ./0
&:8 2;<= >  9$ "4*# *5
 678
3)  2 !"# $% &'( )*+ , -./0
-1"%
!>:$ ! ST8
-P*$
R 
*# F>/$ Q="8 -P2OG+ &:8 > -M
"$ N
) F"G 2# St LK"+ 2# MsIJ H0*# F:/G ?CDE:8 B

?!*./$ -!$ 
E$ > ["0 ?Q="8 2OG+ 0$ @/OT$ 9$
"Y ?@OXY Z:' M
.0
! !
 678
*WV # ?U0) -./0
-1"% -!*.R
@1D$ -2>
M @O *$
R > 3
"Y &:8 3
"8@$
 9$
"Y B
-2XP $
.0
 *D58 6"\= 9#= 678
-> *#...> F:/G -*DA
*= -2>
M
-!*.R 3
"Y &:8 2 -
!>:$ ?"4*# @1D$ -2>
M ^_(*# "4*# &Y* 
"X0  B
*## .* -# ]X% "4*# &Y* > "4*#
-P*$
R BDD;8  0
"8@$ -1"% -!*.R &DXP
.#@$ 6"\= 9#= 678
-!>:$ -! `Ta$ ?"@$ 24 -1"%
@\ $ -1"% -!*.R ?6"\= 9#= d#
> 2# 2%"8 # 2'E$ B
 .# 2bP > 3$M  @"% 2+*G > FDOXY c.0
M
9\= 2DU# @8DOXY
H0 .&+*A 
*= @ *# "$ -"0 j"1 >*1D$ - 2OD > 2# FK78
]<E$ i< gh >  f  St LK"+ > MsIJ H0*# -P e> 678
-
*#
2# ,b0 -P20
 BDnXP > 2+ 91 *DDl8 @%"$ 2# &T8 &'( M
678
m*a$ 97+ ?-./0
k*4 N
b+
# 2 
 3a0 @+
*A"'$
> *P  -*aD# CXY 8 > 2+ a8 -./0
k*4 N
b+
# *$
B
.0"@$ !Da 678
&X >  > ./0
&U%  m*a$ 97+
*E$> &+*A c.0
?r/p " #) 
b+
c*0 M
!/
# -./0
-1"% )*+ -M 2D\ ?NP>oR B
 BDnXP . @$ S"/0 2;<=
.0 2\ :$ PN$M) @$X8 -
*# "4*# -2E<$  a+
. %
& '( Ms#$ !"  St    
   
 
 :  


2# &\_0 -*aD# N
*A *D4
-P 6  B
*## .P @$ NP| F

'+,+ *

! .
_( ]~
"$  "G"7T$ $% &'( -V"% -Pt>

F"G 2# !
"XP c" *$ -Pt> C*u M
g% fP *Ds F
bO+ -V"%

.&

 wx4
@+*u M

*M .&
2
 
*= QOT$ ]G -> NDR @Ov;$

2| #@$ $% &'( -V"% -Pt> [


"0
M
@V -./0
-V"%

"@$ w
*u
Cu$ > t"% bO+  y"DY .
zY# 
"$ @VbD+ {
"4

bO+ > *a$ 97+ BD# @X8


DE$  @VD0V$ 678

 3) 

2#
 678
@VD0V$ {
"4 -bO+ BD# *v$ F\D|*8 9DVa8 *W w*u M
>

 Email: akbarimusavi@ut.ac.ir




 


  &
'$ ()*  &+ ,'# "#$ %   MS !   /St   
    
-!$  ./0
M
9G( ->*D0 2OD > 2# )*+ B
 .P@$ 9DVa8
"4*# fP 2# 9$ F"G 2# M &Y* # 678
i< > ?!*./$
.[>] 0>)@$ R @1bD+ *$ M

 @\ $ D_# 678
> |@$
9:$  @X xR &%  9DVa8 ?-"= 678
B
.
@OG
*
3$M  2| - ->*D0 ^\ 2# ?./0
cWP  .&
bO+ > "4*#
M
X xR &% d "8 @:< -P2K ?"@$ 
> "< 2# @X| D_#
[] -./0
-V"% )*+ -P*Dl$ *. -

.( 9V) "@$ k4 F:/G BD# 2OG+

-2:/G "4*# M
9G( @a\% -*0
# fDE_$ "u 2# 9$
"Y B

# ?"4*# M
9G( -*0

E$ .0
 \8
?2R -2:/G 2# !0*R
# .#@$ N
b+
?Q="8 - 2OG+ > "4*# &Y* ?./0
&Y* N
b+

# ."@$ 9\8 @%"$ &'( 2# wG &'( M


*a$ 97+ ?-*0
N
b+

-*0
> *DA F"G -*0
9\8 &
BVX$ ?-*0
( M
ND# N
b+

y
$ .
zY# bO+ > M*$  b|*X$ -$*A ." 9\8 $*A 2# @a\%
."@$ -bO+ BD# F\D|*8 > *a$ 97+  @;~"$

[] -./0
-V"% )*+ 9(
*$ * -

BDD;8 *0 "$ 678


*#|
 *a$ 97+ 3"# @%"$  wG 2# MD0
?# 2
 -*v$ > *8 -bO+ BD# F\D|*8 *0 "$ F
bO+ *A
.|@$

#
 -D_|
-P 2K ?./0
-2U\% -> NDR cWP  X xR &% B

{
"4 8 " -*DA"O% ?k"$ 3$) "%> 2# M
3V$
(  2| &
cMK

.
A@$ -% 2#
 D_|
 > ^DY 20"A*P M
-Y @:< > *#@$ "4

2| &
cMK &'( B
 2.D0  .#D0 NP| 678
]~"$ @VD0V$

M
&% 9| 2| @8"G  -./0
-V"% *a$ 97+  2.D0 

2# -bO+ BD# *8 F\D|*8 > # 2


 "%> wG F"G 2# *a$ 97+

P
"T0 !Pa$ !0$ @=# @:< -PD_|
?0" k4 F:/G d >

&'(  wG *a$ 97+ d


* 3" 2| &
*|S 2# cMK .D0 "%>

fP > &
M D_# ./0
M
9G( ->*D0 2V
2# 2%"8 # .[>] 

> @'X(
F
*DDl8 # 
 3V$
?&
678
.
> 678
cY BD# -M*$

+ 3
"8 @$ ?"@$ 6XY
678
i< 2# @X| 3$M F$  BD

 # "X( B
*## > "a0 
*=*# @O| "u 2# 678
)*+ ?@+78

2# ?"4*# 9:$ ./0


9G( a+ 6XY
3$M 
 QOT$ F
bO+

@%"$ *a$ 97+  .*| &Y


 D(
^0
"% P*Dl$ fD8

2# 0
"8@$ F:/G BD# *a$ 97+ .[] *| *+ M"V_> 6D F"G

]~"$ M
-*8K# cV:
> !D  9=
( 2# 678
cY M
@0 F
*<4

?9$| y
$ *a$ 97+ > y
$ -2K # !
*XP @%"$ ?@%"$ ?wG 9V

-V"% -P*$
R BDD;8 > fD8 ?
' .) @$ &  2# -V"%

*Ds  @%"$ M
fY
*a$ 97+ 91 BDD;8 zY# 2| @O$
"Y ." 9G(

@$WP ["~"$ B
&DXP
.&

"4*# @K# D_# &DXP
M
-./0

:( 9V) M
8\Y 0"@$ k
"$
- 2$
 > g0|*+ BDnXP > @%"$

2# @ *  cY ?)*+ -K# &Y* 0$ @O$


"Y 2| "@$ 3X0 *aD#

Vd ./0
&Y* 

R   2| -M "< BDnXP > )*+ cWP  t"% ]~"$

Vp "4*# &Y* 

." 2+*A *0  ?0"@$ -V"%

."4*# "< 2D'>


-2OG+ 

1- Flyer plate
2- Base plate

+, &'(
)  *"% #$ "  !        
  

-.

,  ,5 6/7 - . /0 12 ,34 +#.


0M K"+ 678
?-V"% -P*$
R  *DDl8 # ?3
VXP > "O8"A>

3>
 -./0
-V"% )*+  fD8 9#= -P*$
R 2DO| BDEE:$

2 
 3a0 P 3) -P@ *# .[r> ] 0* @ *# `'4 g$ 2#
 3b0

() "4*# @VD$ -2>


M > (Vw) -1"% &Y* @OG
9$Y >

?-./0
# > Q="8 -2OG+ N
b+
# ?P D') ["0 > B
-V"% 

F>/$ -P&'( > QOT$ -M*$ d


* -
*#
 @<#
> > !*| 2Gx4

-2OG+ N
b+
# ."@$ 9\8 @%"$ 2# wG &'( M
*a$ 97+

&#
"5 B+*A *0  # d#
> B
2DO| *A
.0
!*| 2

*a$ 97+

BDnXP .&
2+ N
b+
?*a$ 97+ k"$ 6"u > 2$
 ?Q="8

> -V"% &Y* 3) x ":$ 2| -


"X0  {4 -!$ > *P @VbD+

"u 2# @T ?678


M*$  2| 
 3a0 @. @T -P@ *#

9G( -
"X0 " f  ?# "4*# @VD$ - 2>
M ?3) y ":$

R 3V$
*# !>xY 2| +*A 2.D0 P3) .&
2+ N
b+
@ "_:$

f  M
wP .&
c" "$ -./0
-V"% - !*.R 3
"Y 2# 2| "@$

| ^\ 2# ?*a$ 97+  y


$ 9DVa8 > -bO+ BD# *8 F\D|*8 3$)

M
@V .&
./0
M
9\= t"% &D;~> @D# NDR ?-V"% -!*.R

 @T ?P@$  F
bO+  -V"% cWP  2| - @VD0V$

"$ -P&_8 
;8 2|# -7=
@"% 2+*G 0
"8@$ 3) 
"+ BD'>

-!Pa$ fs*DOY .&


*aD# !0*R - 2:/G > 2R -2:/G E0 9|

.P@$ NP|
 2DU# t"% 2# 6"7( &U% MD0

*a$ 97+ cV:


?*a$ 97+ M
@G4 E0  -bO+ BD# F\D|*8

H0*# @VbD+ &#


"5 > d#
> 2# 2%"8 #
#
2| &
3) *# @; 2'E$ B


*D58 ?F\D|*8 B
&/A 3
"8@$ 2.D0  > $) &  2# @'"\= 9#= ( 

." f  D') > B


678
-
*# -V"% -!*.R St L K"+ > MsIJ

.&
2
0 D') > @VD0V$ {
"4 *# -M

> &:G ?678


@OXY H0 M
!$) &  2# -P4 b 2# 2%"8 # gh

{4 "u 2# -V"% -!*.R ?@O\= ! c.0


FEDE:8 M
c
| DP 

.*A @ *# -V"% -!*.R B


fE

3) *# @; 2'E$ B
 .&
!a0 f  BP) > g$ -2R -PD') -
*#

M
@v;# d "8 ?@P) -PD') 2# g$ -PD') -./0
-V"%

?@#*| K"+ 2# H0*# 678


-
*# -V"% -!*.R f  *# !>xY 2| &

3b0 0M -PK"+ 2# g$ 678


2V
2# 2%"8 # .&
! c.0
BDEE:$

B
fE > &:G M
8 " D= -M 2D\ > @OXY H0 # P2+ B

^Os

' ?0
 *#| -
2_P -P"|
 -20#  -
!*_A "u 2#

." 9G( 3DXu


!*.R

.&
2+*A c.0
3b0 0M -PK"+ 2# g$ -1"% -> *# ?FEDE:8
3b0 0M K"+ 2# 678
-
*#
 Al2O3 F
S # g$ D') N0
VXP > @'D'


  /& *.

 F
bO+ B
678
#  BDEE:$ B
.[L] 0*| @ *# 316L @D )

24
*R -V"% -!*.R d#
> M
c
| *P 2

!":0 2#
#
NT# B


-./0
-V"% - !*.R ?d#
> 3) M
!/
# &U0  > " @$

-V"% -P20"X0 cV:


2 
 3a0 P3) CDE:8 H0 .0
 c.0

. P
"4 f  MsIJ H0*# 2# St LK"+ 678
-
*#

R *a$ 97+  2| @XV:_$ @VD0V$ -P0# &OY 2# -./0

MsIJ H0*# > St LK"+ @1D01$ {


"4 > @VbD+ F7Ta$  6>% 

*R t> 2# &\_0 ?678


M*$  9TOT8 "%> cY BDnXP > )@$

?-1"% -!*.R f  -
*# .&
! !>) ?CDE:8 B
 !/
"$

BD# M
->( 8 *5
B
K# -P$  $
.&
*8K# ?
 D8
>DP

.&
! !/
&#
"5 B
M

&
*aD# @X8
S"/0 -2$
 ?
 D8
>DP *R t> 
*M >@$

 D8
>DP *R t> X| # *W # > -./0
t"% F"G 2#

.| /(
 "4 cV:
0
"8 @$ -*8K# -P$ 8 678
>
.MsIJ H0*# > St LK"+ @VbD+ F7Ta$ * 0 

2- Durgutlu

--

(mm) &$T~

(MPa) fDO_8 cV:

(M*V>) @T

3"
"R ^*~

(GPa) 2D_D K
6>$

L/

JI

p

I

JJ

p/

St

J

J/L



MS

1- HIP

(gr/cm3) 2D_0

LK"+
IJ H0*#

  &
'$ ()*  &+ ,'# "#$ %   MS !   /St   
    

8+ '" ?
@ % AB<+ -C D E= '6
 *>*.

8+
3 '3 % 456 -76 *2*1

&:8 2;<= 2 @0$M ? !


 iD~"8 2$E$ &X_= 2 -"u 3XP

9DVa8 3V$
?3) M
*X| 2| 
 "%> -
2DX - 2>
M ?@ P *0 M

@;D\u gR .|@$
DR
 20"A 6D -+ ?*DA@$ 
*= M D_# a+

&
BVX$ @VD$ -K# D_# -
>M  BDnXP .
0 "%> 678

+ *DDl8 ?M'" Y  Q*;8 M


!/
# 3
"8 @$ 2|  @$ *0 2#

-V"% -P!*.R  B
*## ."a0 CE:$ 678
-
*# cMK @;~"$ a+

2# wG *a$ 97+ *DDl8) c


) 0 &'( 2# c
) 3*% &'( M
6D

2'E$ B
 2| "@$ 2+*A *0  -
2>
M *|
( > 9=
( 2aDXP

-
*#
 @/OT$ -P &D;~> []3
VXP > 3
"| .*| -M 6$
 (@%"$

.&
! 2+*A *0  2% -2>
M *|
( > 2% -2>
M 9=
(

&'( *DDl8 -P &Y*  2| 0*| Y


P3) .0*| 3D# &'( *DDl8 B

# ^D8*8 2# d4 > B
(! f  -V"% - !*.R) 9V 

2

M'" Y -
*#
 *M - 2<#
 > 
0 -*D58 "4*# -2>
M ?BDR

.0
! `Ta$ > -P!X

.0

R=

( f + p ) Vw2

83
9&: ; -<= *.*.

()

2 (H F + H P )

678
.
cMK * @X xR &% 9DVa8 ? 2/A 2| 20"A 3XP

2R -2:/G -P2D_0


 ^D8*8 2# f , p ?M'" Y R 2<#
 B


B
*## ." CE:$ 
"$ 20"A 6D + @_# ?&% .
-
*# .[]&

2:/G > 2R - 2:/G -P@T ^D8*8 2# H F , H P > !0*R - 2:/G >

!$ cV:
0$ @G
"4 M
*aD# FKD D0V$ ?2>
M B
BDD;8 


*= ./0
-2U\% -> 2| &
-*0  M
-1"% &Y* Vw > !0*R

?-./0
k"$ &Y* 2| 0
 3a0 [] 3
VXP > 3
"| .&
*5"$

?0*DA@$ 
*= ?fP # &\_0 -M
"$ N
) # 2:/G > 2| @;=
"$  .


2;<= > BD# @X xR &% 8 # ?@ " k"$ &Y* M


*X| @_#

U0) .&
3_V Vd ./0
- 2U\% ->*aDR &Y* # Vw 2| "@$ &#5

BDEE:$ B
.+*A *0  -M*$ ( 3
"Y 2#
 &'( B
> ) R

.0
 3a0 J/r M'" Y #
 @%"$ > wG *a$ 97+ BD# M*$

B
M
@V .
 .0*| f  @#*.8 d#
> 
*#
 @P
"X0 gh

@VD$ -2>
M ?U0) ! c.0
-PN$M)  2| &
*|S 2# cMK

-!X 
"X0 c0 &:8 ?&
! f  Cu-Cu 678
-
*# 2| P
"X0

-
*#
 J/r M'" Y B
U0) 2|  *P ."# 2%  *#
*# "4*#

.&
! -
A c0 9V 

97+ -
*# Vw 
E$ ?! c.0
F\ :$ # .0*| UaDR P2>
M 2XP
 d4 B
.$) &  2# 2D05 *# *$  *#
*# K"+ > H0*# *a$
.&
! `Ta$ L -!X # 9V


  83
" %+ * *.
97$ fP 2# -./0
-V"% C*u M
2| @PD') > F
bO+ M
-D_#
BD# F\D|*8 ?# 678
fP 2# @#>S 6"X;$ -Pt> # *A
?0"@$

 t"% bO+ @VD0V$ {


"4 F 2# 2| P@$ 9DVa8
 -*8 -bO+

.St LK"+ 2# MsIJ H0*# 678


-
*# -./0
-V"% - !*.R *>-

)*+  !XY FxVa$ M


@V &/A 3
"8@$ B
*## .
 P
"4 NP|

"4*# @1D$ 2>


M @ P BDR > K# ( :>

.&
bO+ > *a$ M*$  y
$ 9DVa8 ?-./0
t"%

&
 &X M*$ -
*# 3
" @#*.8 FK;$ :

ND# i< > "4*# M


9G( -*0
*A
? *|S 2$E$  2| "u 3XP

@%"$ 2# wG &'( *DDl8 M*$ :L

> " 9\8 $*A 2# D8#) F"G 2# -*0


B
&
BVX$ # ( M

2 "DR0 -P2_# ?F
bO+ y>S -2<E0 BDnXP > t"% -2 P 2# 2_#

\ 2<#
 M
!/
# -1"% !*.R -K# M*$ :r>
\ BX> 2<#
 M
!/
# -1"% !*.R BDR M*$ :I>>p
.HD1_D'
" 2<#
 M
!/
# -1"% !*.R BDR M*$ :>

@( ." .


D') > *a$ 97+  y
$ M
-
2 "DR 2K @( 
1- Shock Wave Velocity

+,&'(
)  *"% #$ "  !        
  

-/

,  ,5 6/7 - . /0 12 ,34 +#.


  83
 %+ *F*.

BVX$ \0 *v$ @VD0V$ > @VbD+ {


"4 *0 M
y
$ -2K B
*A

-2:/G 2# "#*$ 2#*~ -*0


9=
( !P 3a0 ?-V"% BDR M*$

M
zY# @aA*# ./0
k"$ ?2K B
X.0
M
9\= ?./0
cWP  &

a+ 3
bD$ > 3xD &U% cMK N8 2| #@$ &% 9DVa8 &U% !0*R

fD8 # -V"% cWP  B


*## ." 678
3 2TD_A fP

.|@$ BDD;8
 a+ B
c>
8 3$M > "4*# M
@0

> -*DA"O% @K# M*$ 2# 3 b0 M


BVX$ ( 8 # t"% -P*$
R

2D(0 &
 &X  2| &
B
&
 &X @:$ # @:$ B
F>/8

." /( 3) 2# &\_0 BX<$ - 2OG+ 2aDXP

6D &'( 3>) &  2# d


* @DR M*$ $

 
*= F"G e"+$

-!*.R @K# M*$ BDD;8 -


*#
 F>/$ t> > BX> > \

.|@$ i*a8 &% 3$) "%> 2# -


*#
 0$

|@$ BDD;8 -"u


 Vp 
E$ [] BX> .[p>] 0
 2

-V"%

fP # @K# M*$ wx4*# 2|  @$ *0 2# BX> > 3


VXP > \

M*$ [p] \ 2 @'(  /D0 e/8


*a$ 97+ y>S 3)  2|

d "8 @DR M*$ &D;~> 2| 0


!*| *+ BDEE:$ B
.# 2
 C+
"8

$
+
@$ e/8
y>S 2| P@$ 
*= @%
 -V"% -!*.R @K#

&  2# *M -2<#


 M
2| ."@$ BDD;8 @VbD+ > @VD0V$ F7Ta$

&/A 3
"8@$ B
*## .&
@aA*# k"$ 3D  3$M M
*X| X.0
3$M

.[ p > ] )@$
Sin = k

Hv
V w2

\ M*$ M
2'E$ B
 .&
*8BDR \ M*$ M
BX> M*$
:[p]&
*M F"G 2# \ 2';$ . P
"4 !/

(r)

2# "#*$ &#5 Y k > M*V> 


*# @T Hv ?2D_0
 2<#
 B


k

Sin = 0.25
1.25
2 t Vw

()

> J/r # *#
*# k # @'Y D_# @:< &D/D| *A
.&
@:< &D;~>

9G( *M - 2<#


 M
2 &
@X.( -!"8 @8"G &Y* k *$
R >

. P
"4 2+*A *0  / *#
*# k 
E$ ?# BDR i< &D/D| *A

."@$

?2<#
 B
C\u K"+/H0*# -./0
-V"% -!*.R @DR M*$ f  -
*#
E
3 (1 2 )

()

> H0*# -
*# BDR @:< &D/D| -
*# 
"X0 > . f  
"X0 U

k=

 2| ! f  D') > B


-
*# K# @:< &D/D| -
*# 
"X0 > > K"+

-P 2:/G 3"


"R ^*~ > 2D_D K
6>$ E ?&$T~ t ?K# d#
> 

.&
! !>) 9S

> H0*# 2#a$ *Ds 678


-V"% -!*.R f  -
*# .&
2R > !0*R

:K# @:< &D/D| &'(  H0*# -


*# 2';$ (p)

.&
! f  H0*# -
*# #  > K"+ -
*# 2<#
 B
#  ?K"+

Sin = 0 . 6

103 10
8800
VW

2+*A *0  | -\$ 3


"Y 2# ?*8BDR 9G( M*$ 2| &
@;D\u

64 . 9
=
VW

> K"+ -
*# 9V  > &
! !>) 9S  2<#
 > *P . P
"4
.0
! `Ta$ r> -P!X # ^D8*8 2# H0*#

:BDR @:< &D/D| &'(  H0*# -


*# 2';$ ()
Sin = 1 . 2

103 10
8800
VW

129 . 8
Vw

:K# @:< &D/D| &'(  K"+ -


*# 2';$ (I)
Sin = 0 . 6

217 10
7800
VW

Sin = 1 . 2

-0

E
200 10 9
3 (1 2v )
3 (1 2 0.29 )
9357
Sin = 0.25
=
= 1.25
1.25
3 0.25
1.25
2
t

V
Vw

4.5 10
Vw
W

100
=
Vw

:BDR @:< &D/D| &'(  K"+ -


*# 2';$ (J)
217 10
7800
VW

:K"+ -
*# @K# M*$ (L)

200
Vw

:H0*# -
*# @K# M*$ ()
E
113 10
3 (1 2 0.34 )
8700
3 (1 2v )
Sin = 0.25
=
= 1.25
1.25
3 0.25
1.25
2
t

V
Vw

2 10
Vw
W
9

  &
'$ ()*  &+ ,'# "#$ %   MS !   /St   
    
e> > !0*R - 2:/G 3
"Y 2# @.0*# e> 2| -"u 2# ?0 -V"%

! `Ta$ J > I > >p -P!X # ^D8*8 2# 91  FK;$ B

.# 2
 
*= 2R - 2:/G 3
"Y 2# -K"+

.&

-2D_0
 . yT0
./0
-
*# "/0)/@8 3
@8 !*./$ -!$ "OT$

BDEE:$ B
M
@V .&
! c.0
*W BDEE:$ d "8 bD0 @P @ *#

!$ B
./0
&Y* > ]#*$ *$ @0 *# c*A J/I !*./$ -!$ B

?fDO_8 cV:

*#
 2<#
 CE:$ B
.[] &

HD1_D'
>"

.[]&
!*| 2

F:/G &$T~ > @T

*M -P*Dl$ > d


* &:8 20"X0 U .#@$ 2D05 *# *$ JJ (Vd)
.0
! 2Gx4  6>%  P*Dl$ B
.0 !
 t"%
Vp =

1h1 + 2 h2
(2 )
1 2 (h1 + h2 ) Y

()

.P20"X0 -V"% d
* *. 0 
R

Q="8 2OG+
(mm)

!*./$ -!$ &$T~


(mm)

20"X0 -!X

J/prp

/J

J

/p

/JL

LJ

Sin

()

Vp
2Vw

h > ?F:/G M
c
| *P 2D_0
 ?bO+ fDO_8 N8 Y 2<#
 B

M
c
| *P -
*# 2<#
 B
.&
!0*R > 2R F:/G M
c
| *P &$T~
2# 9V  > 0
! f  *M FK;$ C\u -K"+ > @.0*# F:/G
.0
!*A `Ta$  >  -P !X # ^D8*8

3I %
& '( *

:H0*# -
*# 2';$ ()

M
c
| *P ?-V"% cWP  )*+ -P*Dl$ &D;~> @D# NDR -
*#
d "8 )*+ -M 2D\ .0 -M 2D\ "4 {4 d
* # P20"X0


?P20"X0 M
c
|*P -
*# ?"4*# -P&Y* . c.0
" #) 
b+
c*0


Sin ==
2

7800 4.5 103 + 8800 2 10 3


2 84 106
7800 8800 (4.5 + 2 ) 10 3

2 VW

)
=

140 70
=
2 Vw VW

M
-*O$| -P!
 !
*XP 2# P!
 B
. 2\ :$ -M 2D\ d "8
:K"+ -
*# 2';$ (L)

!>) 6>%  2_E$ -


*# -*W FYxu
BDnXP > P20"X0 &D;~>
. P
"4 24
*R P3) * 2# 2$

 2| &
!

N
"IK L
" - M= *2*J


Sin ==
2

7800 4.5 103 + 8800 2 103


2 209 106
8800 7800 (4.5 + 2) 10 3

2 VW

)
=

222 111
=
2 Vw VW

.
-P9V *DDl8 > .&
@VD$ x
$| -)*+ -./0
-V"%
?B
*## .#@$ K# *0 # @P N0*| -

 -V"% ["0 B
 !

&
*820
*DA &T [] \ 2<#
 2# &\_0 [] HD1_D'
>" -2<#


2| -X8= 
b+
c*0 M
@_# PN0*| B
2\ :$ > @#M
"$ 2#

3) M
!/
B
*## .*DA @$ *0 
 -*X| -*R t"% !>:$ >

c*0 B
 .fD| !/
# @O_$ BD -
*# @#"4 D_# *A 9DO:8

.>) "%> 2#
 -*aD# 3DXu
^*~ 0
"8@$

> @VD$ -P# [


"0
? PD= ["0 "4*# d
* ?!$ + 3
"8@$ 
b+

"@$ 2"0 3*8*+ 3#M 2# 2| @Y*+ -P2$0*# d "8


 -M*$ d
*

H3
+%I
G  + *>

*A 9DO:8 6>$ > -



 " #) 
b+
c*0 ."X0 Q*;8 *#| d "8

. !/
?*$ @OD$ JJ JJ &(_$ 2# @P e> M
?CDE:8 B


# ._P !/


9#= QOT$ @VD$ 9_$ 9(  K "X;$ 2| #@$

L/ -K"+ -P e> &$T~ > *$ @OD$  @.0*# -Pe> &$T~

9( &U% &D_DOhX
> @X~ t> > M
6>$ > B
-P&DO#= 2#

-M
"$ fD8 d
* # ?@.0*# > -K"+ -P e> .*A yT0
*$@OD$

3- TNT
4- ANFO
5- ABAQUS
6- Implicit
7- Explicit

1- Kowaleowskij
2- Deribas

+, &'(
)  *"% #$ "  !        
  

-1

,  ,5 6/7 - . /0 12 ,34 +#.

." !/
0
"8@$ bD0 -a+ t*#  @aa| 3 -
2 "R > @*#

' ?&
>:$ P
*V8 
;8 &D_DOhX
t>  .*A@$ !/
9_$


> @aa| > @*# &_V -
*# d
* ?CDE:8 B
 2| &
*|S 9#=

FK;$ Ca$ ?t> B


 ?&
$MD0 -*aD# 3$M 2# ?2$0*# -
*%

.&
!a0

."@$ 2"0 @.#% 


*# 9D_0
*/

()

FK;$ Ca$ ? @$ c.0


2# -*X| 3$M  2| @P9V *DDl8 -
*#
3$M  2| @P9V *DDl8 -
*# ?"@$ 2"0 3$M 
*# 9D_0
*/

()

*0 3
bD$ p .# @$ CO<$ F
*( 2% T ? > -P2<#
 

M
?CDE:8 B
 . P
"4 !/
@X~ t> M
0"@$ c.0
f|
!/
bD0 ?(D8#) @8
*( bD'0) 9$) @1D$ @X~ 9DO:8 6>$

.&
!

.#@$ ,D xR N0* > 0 = 1 s 1 -


*# ,D xR N0*

O P
+ P9 0+ *.*


 RS
" P5 0+*J*J

b+
c*0  !*./$ -!$ + @ *# -
*# 6
"DO# @% &'( -2';$
&Y* # !*./$ 
"$ -
*# ?2';$ B
BVD' .#@$ "%"$ " #) 
b+

!*./$ 
"$ M
x
XY -./0
-V"%  2V0) 6( ?
 *# M ./0

-M 2D\  0
"8@X0 2';$ B

' ."@$ !/
BDR &Y* #

3 6$ 9#= -;# 2 > -;# > &'( >  -./0
-V"% )*+
6$ -;# 2 F"G 2# -./0
-1"% - 2 >*R ?NP>oR B
 &

@$X8 .P@$ NX0


 )*+ M
-*8 @;=
> x
$| &'( > &
!*A
.0
! -M 2D\ ?CDE:8 B
 -./0
-1"% -PN$M)

K# > BDR -P &Y* -


*# 2| -
2';$ ." !/
-./0
-V"%

*#b$DO> &'( 2';$ ? -2<#


 ?
 *#| ?-./0
-1"% 

M
!/
# ?&_D0 " #)  2';$ B
2V
2# 2%"8 # .&
[>]
-@$ 3*8*+ @_"0 2$0*# 3#M 2# @Y*+ - 2$0*# &+  
b+
c*0 &DO#=
-./0
-
A# 6XY
"$ 2# B
*## .* -
A  
b+
c*0  3
"8
.*A !/
-2';$ M
BDR ./0
&Y* # !*./$ - !$ -
*#
DO> &'( -2';$ M
9G( a+ 6;$ ? - 2<#
 M
2| 9G( a+
!>) & # !*./$ - !$ &#5 
E$ ^D8*8 B# > 2+*A 
*= *#b$


  
B& + + P9 0+ *Q*J
!/
( 2<#
) "| 3"_0% -+ -2';$ M
?CDE:8 B

.&
!$) 6>%  2';$ B
2# "#*$ -P*$
R > [] &
!
*0 # 9V *DDl8 3*| 6$ -
*# "|  3"_0% -2D_D xR 6$
-2D_D xR M
-
! o> ["0 ?6$ B
.>@$ | 2# F
bO+ -K# N0*|
> 3 &T 3"0= @ODO:8 -P 9V 9$ 2| #@$ Mb_D$ 3
>
@VD$ 9DO:8  K"X;$ 6$ B
.# @$ ?N0* *0 2# @W_#
>
."@$ !/

A D8#)

> 3$M 2# 2_#


> a+ -2';$ F"7# > d#
> 3) M
gR ."@$
i< -> *# # 6XY
 Vdload -2$0*#  3"8*+ - 2$0*# C*u M
3V$
.*A@$ 6XY
!0*R e>
t
P = P0 exp

P0 =

2
e Vd

1 + ke

(p)
()

.[]  2<#
 m" 3"_0% - 2';$ -P*$
R *> 0 
Tm
(k)

B
(MPa)

A
(MPa)

D')

Jp

J/

J/

J

StLB#*

f K"+

rI

/JI

J/

J

MsIJM+

,8 H0*#

&#5 :M
8\Y ^D8*8 2# ?P ? t ?ke ?e ? -P*$
R ? > p d#
> 

3 &T M
@G4 &'( ?" 3"_0% -2';$  3 &T

 >*D0 ?./0
c.0
3$M ?!*./$ -!$ &#5 ?!*./$ -!$ @'W ?@0$M

D xR N0*| M
@;#8 3
";#
 fDO_8 N8 2| #@$ DR>*8>b

.#@ $ !*./$ -!$ ./0


&Y* Vd > ./0
M
9G( a+

&_V 3*| 6$ -


*#  2<#
 .|@$ 2

$ > N0*| *0 ?6;$

3- JWL
4- Williamsburg

1- Johnson-Cook
2- Von-Mises

-2

  &
'$ ()*  &+ ,'# "#$ %   MS !   /St   
    

. !X - 20"X0 2# "#*$ )*+ BD(  P e> -V"% a+ "0 M


@aX0 * -

?BDnXP .# @$ t*_A ?*a$ 97+ k"$ 6"u > 2$


 ?-./0

7 %+ W3 P9 0+ *V*J

ND# N
b+
&OY 2# ?y
$ > -bO+ BD# F\D|*8 -P 2_# 9DVa8 6X(

2:/G B
UW0 &#5 -
*# ?F:/G -./0
-V"%  @OXY d
* 

-
2 "DR 2K 2# &U0  > # @$ N
b+
*a$ M*$  -*0
( M

F:/G &|*( M
-*DA"O% -
*# 2| ."@$ !/
3
 M
?B|

-P# 2XP  2| *| 2%"8 # 2V0 B


2# . P
"4 9\8 y
$ M

2# @_#
 P -
AD= 2\'
?"X0 -
A D= 
b+
c*0 
 U0) @_#

20"X0 - 2XP 2| &


 0
# @; .&
2+*A c.0
678
?-./0

-./0
2$0*# -
*%
cWP  k%"Y
.
zY# 2| 
 c.0
-
20"A

.# 2
 
*= -V"% - !*.R - !>:$  P

e> B*M i< -


*# &U% 2  @.#% > 3X$ 3
bD$ ?B
*## .*W0

!X 6>% ." @$ 24


*R k
"$
&D/D| > ["0 @ *# 2# ?;# 2O(*$ 

." 2+*A *0  */G @_# ?$

.P @$ 3a0 P 20"X0 M


 *P -
*#
 k
"$
g0|*+ > 2$
 ?L

XM" !3
B *F
.P20"X0 M
 *P -
*# k
"$
g0|*+ > 2$
 0 
(m) k
"$
g0|*+

(m) k
"$
- 2$


20"X0 -!X

 Y& + 3


C= **F
-P20"X0 -
*# -"0 j"V >*VD$ d "8 -4 b -P@ *# H0

J

LJ

JJ

&X_=  > 
 
*= MsIJ H0*# &D;="$ "@$ ! *8 B> *>78



.
 
*= St L K"+ " @$ ! *8 !*D8 2| BDR

 2| K# &X_=  P 20"X0 2XP  .&


!Pa$ 9#= 9V  QOT$

$DR BD'>
.&
2+ N
b+
?-./0
# ^D8*8 2# L 8  -20"X0 M

2| @ 
F>/8 .# @$  - 20"X0 M
*8O# k
"$
- 2$
 ?- 20"X0 

-*0
N
b+
# > @$ 0
.&
2#*~ -*0
N
b+
?-./0
# N
b+

 !X 9V  k
"$
2| &
B

 "%>  >  !X -P 20"X0 

# N
b+
# .0" 9\8 @%"$ 2# wG &'( M
*a$ 97+
#
?2#*~

+,&'(
)  *"% #$ "  !        
  

-+

,  ,5 6/7 - . /0 12 ,34 +#.


8 !X -P 20"X0  ." .
*a$ 97+  @P!*A 2| > @$

wG m*a$ 97+ 2# 0


"8@$ -20"X0 > 0
 "%> *8 f$0 F"G 2#

97+  -bO+ BD# -PM+ > F\D|*8 \*E8 ?"@$ !Pa$ 2| "<0XP

F>/$ 3
 ? >  -P20"X0 -./0
# wx4
2 .0) M
." *D\;8

# 2| 3 fP 2| &


*|S 2# cMK 2\'
.&
!$D0 "%> 2# *a$

? >  -P20"X0 -Pm*a$ 97+ 91  wx4


B
9D' ?
' #@X0

! !>b+
-bO+ BD# -PM+ > F\D|*8 9DVa8 3
bD$ ?# N
b+
-./0

.# N$M) -<4  > bO+ > F>/$ @:< d


* 0
"8 @$

! y
$ ?P! 2XP  \*E8 !X - 20"X0  2| -"u 2# .&

2+ N
b+
k"$ 6"u > 2$
 ?9\= 20"X0 > 2# &\_0 !X - 20"X0 

2K  ?"@$ ! L !X -20"X0  @> 2# 2| "u 3XP ."@$

.# ! /( L !X -20"X0  0> B


2|  @X0 *0 2# $
.&

!$) R *a$ 97+  -bO+ BD# -PM+ > F\D|*8 M


2 "DR > fDT~

-*0
*E$  2|  @$ U
?2<#
 B
 3
VXP > "O8"A>

@D\aDR 9#= ?!*./$ - !$ M D_# &$T~ 2# 2%"8 # 2| &

@X0 b#  2| # @$ N


b+
3 3) k"$ 6"u ?K# D_# -2#*~

.#@$

&/A 3
"8@$ B
*## .[] 0" @$ ! ?@+G "<4 F"G 2# ?K# -P
0
k
"$
- 2$
 N
b+
# .&
!$) R &'( B
fP 20"X0 B


Ms 90

Ms 90

St14

St14
(R=/)  -!X -20"X0 (y

Ms 90

(R=/)

-!X -20"X0 (Q'

Ms90

St14

St14

(R=/)  -!X -20"X0 (

(R=/)

-!X -20"X0 (k

. 8 -P20"X0 -P*a$ 97+ M


 *P -
*# -"0 j"V >*VD$ *>78 *V -

1- Vortex

-,

  &
'$ ()*  &+ ,'# "#$ %   MS !   /St   
    
.L 8  -P20"X0 -
*# )*+ -P*Dl$ *F 0 
&Y*
"4*# &Y* 9=
( "4*# -2>
M ->*aDR "4*# &Y*
&Y*
9=
(
"4*# &Y*
&Y* 9=
(
H0*# -
*#
@D# NDR NDR t"% @D# NDR
(Gurney) -( K"+ -
*# "4*# t"% ->*aDR
(
Kowalewskij)
Kowalewskij
!
! @D#
!
(m/s)
(m/s)
(m/s)
(m/s)
[]
(
2%
)
(
Vw)
(
m/s)
[I]
[I ]
(m/s)

&$T~
-!$ - !X
!*./$ 20"X0
(mm)

r



I

LJ

/p

rJ

p

J/prp

p



I

LJ

/

rr

J

/J

J



I

LJ

L/I

pJ

/p

r



I

LJ

r/r

J

LJ

/JL

LJ

P 3) 2D_0
 > F:/G &$T~ *5
? *|S x\= 2| "<0XP 2<#
 B


%
& '( !3
B *.*F

F>/$ -./0
-P# -
*# 2.D0  .P@$ 3a0 "4*# &Y* *#


-./0
-P# # P N$M) -
*# -M 2D\ H0 ? -!X 6>% 

K"+ -
*# #  > H0*# -
*# #  "4*# &Y* 9=
( .&
&#5

-!$ &$T~ ^D8*8 2# >  3"  .&


! !
 3a0 QOT$

*# *$  K"+ -


*# > 2D05 *# *$ LJ H0*# -
*# Vp .&
! 2\ :$

3a0 R .&
! !>) ?PN$M) M
c
| *P -
*# ?R 
E$ > !*./$

?*4) 3"  .&


!$) - !X L 6>%  > *P 2| $) &  2# 2D05

!0*R -2:/G # c*% 2# ?i< (


>  !*./$ 
"$ c*% &\_0 -!P

-2';$ .&
! 2\ :$ @0"A - 2';$ d "8 "4*# &Y* (

:@; ?#@$ ?i< (


> 

!$ ["0 > -./0


# M
@;#8 3
"Y 2#
 "4*# &Y* *|
( ?@0"A
:[] "@$ 2"0 *M F"G 2# 2';$ B
.*DA@$ *0  !*./$

.
3R 2
VT = Vd
2

(
R
+
1
)(
R
+
4
)
k

(J)

R=

mc
mf

(I)

.&
2+ N
b+
R &\_0 ?-./0
# &$T~ N
b+
# 2.D0 
&Y* -
*# -M 2D\ @D# NDR H0 ? 6>% f.R > cU 3" 

2| &
@#5 k > !*./$ -!$ &\_0 R ?./0
&Y* Vd ? 2<#
 B


@D# NDR ?t"% ->*aDR &Y* > "4*# - 2>


M ?!0*R -2:/G "4*#

3
@8 "OT$ -
*# k &#5 . 
 @W_# !*./$ - !$ @a\% -*0
2#

&Y* *|
( 
E$ ? Vp 3$) &  2# -
*# .
 .&
!$) !

. 2+*A *0  / *#
*# "/0)/@8

!/
# . 2+*A *0  "4*# &Y* 3
"Y 2# ?"4*# M
;# 2:/G

@$ 3a0 ? 6>% > p ?r ?L-P 3"  "4*# &Y* - 2_E$

-2>
M ?-M 2D\ -P !
 M
!/
# > > Vd ?Vp BD# 2<#
 M


E$ M
2XP ?-M 2D\ X| 2# ! @D# NDR -P &Y* 2| P

.&
! !>) f.R 3"  
>M B
*E$ 2|  @D# NDR "4*#

# @$ *aD# ?"4*# &Y* 2DX 


E$ M
> *X| -( &Y* 2DaD#

&Y* # *#
*# (Vd) ./0
&Y* ?"4*# F:/G 3"# -M
"$ &OY 2#

?-V"% - !*.R @DR M*$ *A


.# 6"\= 9#= 0
"8 @$ B
*## >

 Vd @'"u F7T$ *A
?B
*## .# @$ ?(VW) t"% 2U\% ->*aDR

2| "@$ !Pa$ ?" 2+*A *0  \ > BX> 2<#


# C#<$

?# ! @D# NDR 


>M M
c
|*P @~*Y F7T$ > " 2+*A *0

.0
 
*= -V"% 9#= -2E<$ 3> P 20"X0 -2XP

B
.*| BDD;8 -V"% - !*.R 
 P 20"X0 M
c
|*P E0 3
"8@$

&T - 2<#
 2| " 2+*A *0  fP [I] D1 >K
>" -2<#
 *A

2# BDR M
^D8*8 2# 8 -P 20"X0 .0
! `Ta$ 9V  E0

B*8BDR ?d
* B*8#  2| "@$ !Pa$ fP M# ?&
-*8 20
*DA

? 6>% f/P > fa 3" .0


! `Ta$ -V"% -!*.R  K#

K"+ -
*# [] D1 K
>" M*$ B*8K# M
( -!X - 20"X0 -
*#) 2<E0

.P@$ 3a0 [I] D1 K


>" 2<#
 M
!/
#
 "4*# &Y* 9=
(

2- Gurney
3- Wittman
4- Deribas

1- Kowaleowskij

+, &'(
)  *"% #$ "  !        
  

/$

,  ,5 6/7 - . /0 12 ,34 +#.

[5]. Durgutlu, A.; Okuyucu, H.; Gulenc, B. Investigation of Effect of

H0 2 * -*DA 2.D0 3


"8 @$ gR .&
*8K# ( -!X @:$)

the Stand-off Distance on Interface Characteristics of Explosively

 BX
-2E<$  > 
 &E#<$ @OXY H0 # @#"4 2# -M 2D\

Welded Copper and Stainless Steel.; Mat. & Des. 2008, 29(7),

.
 
*= -V"% -!*.R

1480-1484.
[6]. Durgutlu, A.; Gulenc B.; Findik, F. Examination of

S 'B *[

Copper/Stainless Steel Joints Formed by Explosive Welding.;


Mat. & Des. 2005, 26, 497507.

-# ]X% > QOT$ BDEE:$ d "8 !$) &  2# d#


> B+*A *0  #

[7]. Deribas, A. A.; Simonov, V. D.; Zakcharenko, L. D. Investigation


of Explosive Welding Parameters for Arbitrary Combinations of

678
-
*# -./0
-V"% - !*.R ?@0
*:# -PM*$ M
d#
> B
@O|
.$) &  2# MsIJ H0*# > St LK"+

Metals and Alloys.; Proc. of the 5th Int. Conf. on High Energy

*>78 # 2_E$ > !$) &  2# -V"% - !*.R 2# 2%"8 # 

Rate Fabrication 1975, 4(1), 1-24..


[8]. Stivers, S. W.; Wittman, R. H. Computer Selection of the
Optimum Explosive Loading and Welding Geometry.; Proc. of
the 5th Int. Conf. on High Energy Rate Fabrication, Denver,

c.0
@  2# )*+ -P*$
R yT0
2|  !Pa$ ?-4 b
.0
 
*= -V"% - !*.R 678
- 2E<$ 3> 678
> &
!
2# P 20"X0 2XP -
*# ?-M 2D\ H0 M
!$) &  2# -P &Y* 

Colorado, 1975, 4(2), 1-16.


[9]. Kowalewskij, V.; Belajew, W.; Smirnow, G. Application of

3> P 20"X0 - 2XP 2| -"u 2# .&


 &E#<$ -"8 d#
> # @#"4

Explosive Welding in Manufacturing of Composite Materials.; Z

.
 
*= ?-1"% - !*.R  678
9#= - 2E<$

Metallkde 1979, 70, 67-70.


[10]. Johnson, R. G.; Cook, W. H. A Constitutive Model and Data for
Metals Subjected to Large Strains, High Strain-Rates and High

97+ -P 91 # >  > -P 20"X0 2 P @$ 3a0 CDE:8 H0 
-P &_8 .#


 y"O<$ {
"4 0
"8 @$ @%"$ > wG m*a$

Symp Ball the Hague the

.# @$ 2DU# -P *$


R !| BDD;8 ?g>* d
* > @VD0V$

[11]. Akbari Mousavi, S. A. A.; Burley, S. J.; Al-Hassani, S. T. S.

\+

Simulation of Explosive Welding Using the Williamsburg

[1]. Crossland, B.Explosive Welding of Metals and Its Applications.;

Temperature.;

Proc.7th

Int

Netherlands; 1983, 541-547.

Equation

of State to Model Low Detonation

Velocity

Explosives.; Int. J. Imp. Eng. 2005, 31, 719734.


[12]. Akbari Mousavi, S. A. A.; Al-Hassani, S. T. S. Finite Element
Simulation of Explosively-Driven Plate Impact with Application
to Explosive Welding.; Mat. & Des. 2008, 29 ,119.
[13]. Gurney, R. W. The Initial Velocities of Fragments from Bombs,
Shells and Granades.; Ballistic Research Laboratory, Aberdeen
Proving Ground, Maryland, Report No. 405, 1947.

University Press, Oxford, 1982.


[2]. Blazynski, T.Z. Explosive Welding, Forming and Compaction,
Applied Science, 1983.
[3]. Cowan, G. R. and Holtzman, A. H. Flow Configuration in
Colliding Plate: Explosive Bonding.; J. Appl. Phys. 1963, 34,
928-939.
[4]. Leedly, K. D.; Stubbins, J. F. Copper Alloy- Stainless Steel
Bonded Laminates for Fusion Reactor Applications: Crack
growth and Fatigue.; Mat. Sci. & Eng. A. 2001, A297, 19-25.

/#

You might also like