Flexible Pavement performance

Pavement performance is a broad term describing how pavement condition

changes or how pavement structures serve their intended functions with
accumulating use. AASHTO (2003) defines pavement performance as the ability
of a pavement to satisfactorily serve traffic over time. It further defines the
serviceability of a pavement as ability to serve the traffic for which it was
designed. ((AASHTO T307-99, 2003, Determining the Resilient Modulus of Soils
and Aggregate Materials. Standard Specifications for Transportation Materials
and Methods of Sampling and Testing. American Association of State Highway
and Transportation Officials.)). Pavements are usually subjected to various kinds
of loading and different environmental conditions over time that manifests
various distresses and affects the pavement performance, (Khattak & Peddapati,
2013), (Huang, 2004), (Ibrahim, 2012). Under a set of loading and
environmental conditions the performance of the flexible pavements is a function
of properties of the pavement material, (Gupta, 2014). (Original source (George
K.P., Rajagopal A.S. and Lim L.K., 1989, Models for Predicting Pavement
Deterioration, Transportation Research Board Report 1215, pp. 1-7.)) (Caltrans)
states that factors affecting pavement performance are subgrade soil, pavement
materials characteristics (asphalt concrete, aggregates, modifiers for asphalt
concrete, additives or stabilizing agents for aggregates), traffic loading,
environment (moisture and temperature).
The common flexible pavement distresses are cracking, deformation, mat
problems and problems associated with seal coats, (Khattak & Peddapati, 2013),
(Huang, 2004), (Ibrahim, 2012). These distresses include rutting, fatigue
cracking, temperature cracking, transverse cracking and age related block
cracking. The main task for a pavement engineer is not only to design and
construct a pavement but also to monitor the performance of the pavement in
service so as to schedule the maintenance and rehabilitation works, (Gupta,
Kumar, & Rastogi, 2012). They found factors that affect the performance of the
pavements to be; traffic, pavement structure, pavement to heavy loadings and
harsh environments due to which they deteriorate with time. He further
expounds thay