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Anwarul Hadith
Anwarul Hadith
5|SFXS
VFJ'lv!
lCP;P !$Z&
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;%8[dAZvZ__5
G}ZFGL VF8"vNIFNZF 67
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MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
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1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456
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VG]Dl6SF
lJI
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5[H G\P
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
h hhhhhhhhhhh
002
5[H G\P
003
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
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VG]Dl6SF
VG]Dl6SF
lJI
^
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5[H G\P
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
lJI
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
004
5[H G\P
J,LDFGL NFcJT
210
5lT 5tGLGM VF5;DF\ JTF"J
211
5NF" sZFhfGL JFTM
212
5Z :+LG[ [J]\ .h GYL
213
5Z :+LGL ;FY[ V[SF\T
214
lhGFvjIlERFZYL N}Z EFUM
215
T,FS lJX[ AIFG
218
.T
220
C,F, VG[ CZFD GJZ
223
lXSFZ VG[ hAC
224
S]AF"GL
229
VSLSM
232
;FZF\ BZFA GFDM
234
BFJF lJX[ AIFG
236
5LJFG]\ AIFG
237
5C[ZJ[X lJX[ AIFG
239
[0F sR%5,f 5C[ZJF lJX[
240
J8L sV\U}9Lf lJX[ AIFG
241
CDT sJF/ SF5JFf lJX[
242
NF-L TYF D}\K lJX[
243
lBhFA
245
;}JF lJX[
245
bJFA V[8,[ :J%G
247
OF, [JF lJX[
247
KS TYF AUF;]
248
SM.G[ tIF\ HJFDF\ .hT
249
;,FD lJX[ AIFG
250
D];FOM SZJF lJX[
251
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
005
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
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VG]Dl6SF
VG]Dl6SF
lJI
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5[H G\P
DF\ AF5GF CM
254
VF{,FNGF CM
255
EF. JU[Z[GF CM
257
RMZL VG[ NF~ lJX[
259
H} 9
260
260
R]U,L VG[ ULAT
EGL lCOFhT VG[ V[SF\T
262
C;N4 SLGM TYF VNFJT
263
V<,FCGF DF8[ NM:TL V<,FCGF DF8[ N]xDGL
265
U]:;M VG[ 3D\0
266
H]<D TYF l;TD
267
;\5l TYF ;FGL ,F,R
268
N]lGIF
269
pDZ VG[ DF,GL VlWTF IFZ[ ,VGT m
270
lZIFSFZL sAF VF\0AZf
271
T:JLZ sOM8Ff 50FJJF lJX[
272
;\ID VG[ pTFJ/
273
G[SLGM C]SD VF5JMvA]ZF.YL ZMSJ]\
274
TJ],
276
GD|TF4 XZD VG[ ;NJTF"J
277
C;J]\ VG[ :DT SZJ]\
278
280
OhF.,[ ;{IN], D]Z;,LG
GF ;DFG SM. GYL
284
C]h}Z
D[VZFH
286
DMclHhFVM
292
SZFDTM
297
.<D[ UIA
299
,[BS lJX[ J6"G ,[BSGF H C:T[
309
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
lJI
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
006
007
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
F
0
YL lZJFIT K[ S[ ov
ChZT VMAFNF
YL lZJFIT K[ ov
YL lZJFIT K[ ov
ODF"J[ K[ ov
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
5|SFXSGF A[ AM,PPP
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
N] l GIFDF\ 9MSZM BFI K[ T[ D NLGL 7FGYL UO,TDF\ ZC[ G FZ
VFB[ZTDF\ 9MSZ[ R-L XS[ K[ VG[ N]lGIFDF\ 56 .tDGFGG]\ JG
GYL 5FDL XTMP
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
GL lZJFIT K[ S[ ov
ChZT .aG[ VaAF;
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
008
009
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
GL lZJFIT K[ S[ ov
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
GDFh ZAGL AFZUFCDF\ SA}, GYL YTLP S[D S[ T[ DF6; Z]S}V TYF
l;HNF ;\5}6"56[ VNF GYL SZTMPcc shJFlHZf
V[8,F H DF8[ SC[JFDF\ VFjI]\ K[ S[ ov
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
cc.<DG[ VlGJFI"56[ 5S0M V[8,F DF8[ S[ .<D DMclDGGM
UF- lD+ K[Pcc sSgh], pdDF,4 EFUv!_4 5[Hv((f
010
sVY" f o VI 5{ S Z[ C] : G
ISLGG RF{NCJSF RF\N VF5 CL
S[ G}ZL R[CZ[;[ TFAF\ sRDSTFf
C{ s5}ZL .g;FlGITf VF5 S[
VJ;FO VF{Z SDF,FT AIFG
SZ 5FV[ m I[ D]dSG CL GC
D]bT;Z I[ C{ S[ B]NFS[ AFN VF5
CL SL hFT A]h]U" J AZTZ C{P
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
011
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
Vh o ,[BSf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
012
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
55$ CNLM GL 5;\NUL SZL K[4 5C[,F SM,DDF\ V;, VZAL
,BF6MG[ 5a,SGL ;Z/TF DF8[ h[ZvhAZv5[X JU[Z[ ;FY[ ,bIF
K[ VG[ AL SM,DDF\ TH]"DM ;Z/ pN}" EFFDF\ ZH} SIM" K[P NZ[S
CNLGM DFBh sIF\YL ,LWL T[f NXF"JL VF5[, K[ VG[ VD]S CNLG[
SF\.S D:,[CTYL EFU TYF 5[HGF CJF,F ;FY[ GS, SZJFDF\ VFJ[,
K[ P CNLMGF VYM" G L :5TF DF8[ 9[ S 9[ S F6[ CNLGL XZC
SZGFZFVMGF\ SYGM TH]"DF ;FY[ ,BJFDF\ VFjIF K[ VG[ NZ[S lJIGL
VG] ~ 5TF 5| D F6[ ;} R GMGF DYF/F ;FY[ 36F DCtJGF D;F.,
;GNWFZL lSTFAMGF EFU4 5[H G\AZMGF CJF,F ;FY[ ,B[, K[P XI
tIF\ ;]WL lSTFAT TYF 5]|O ZL0UDF\ SZ[SXGGL SF/ ZFBL K[P KTF\
56 VC,[ .<D ChZFTG[ lJG\lT K[ S[ [ SM. BFDL [JF D/[ VG[
DFlCTUFZ SZXM TM VD[ VFEFZL YFX]\Pcc sVgJFZ], CNL4 pN}" A[ AM,4
013
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
5|:TFJGFPP
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
V[8,F DF8[ CNLMGF TH]"DFGF ;\A\W[ S[J/ EFFG]\ 7FG 5}ZT] GYL
A<S[ DT,AM TYF EFJFYM"GL BZL TFALZ 5Z S]NZTGL ;FYM;FY
CNL OCDL sCNLGL ;DHfGL lOCL A;LZT4 XZCM TYF
TFJL,MGM 0M VeIF;4 5}J"H A]h]UM"GF NLGL RTGDI lDh VG[
GAL SZLD
GL C:TL ;FY[ VlTXI SFGM .xS TYF VSLNT
VG[ TFchLD TYF V[CT[ZFDGM NLJFGULEIM" HhAM VtI\T H~ZL K[P
B]NFGM X] K[ S[ OFlh,[ H,L, ChZT DF{,FGF D]OTL H,F,]LG
VCDN ;FCA VDHNL h{N DHNC]D VF DCFG lBNDTG[ V\D
VF5JFGF DF8[ T{IFZ Y. UIF VG[ JZ;MGL DC[GT TYF 5;LGM
5F0IF AFN T[D6[ D]:TGN CNLMGM V[S pN}" ;\U|C ;\5FlNT SZLG[
SF{DGL ;D ZH} SIM" H[ VtIFZ[ VF56L ~A~ CFHZ K[P
C]\ DFZF .<D TYF ISLGGL CN ;]WL SCL XS] K]\ S[ DF{,FGF DF{;}O
5MTFGF .<D TYF TSJF4 A;LZT TYF TLJ| ;DHXT VG[ .xS
TYF 6SFZLGL ,TFOTM4 TCFZTM TYF ;VFNTMGF V[TAFZYL BZ[BZ
VF lBNDTG[ 5F+ K[ VG[ SXLI X\ S F lJGF T[ D GL VF lBNDT
DFGGL TYF lJF;GL V[ [JFG[ 5F+ K[P
C]\ N]VF SZ]\ K]\ S[ DF{,F TVF,F VC,[ CGL TZOYL T[DG[ VF
VlT D}<IJFG lBNDT DF8[ DCFG TYF V[0 AN,M VTF ODF"J[4
VG[ ;CLC CNLMGM VF pN} " ;\ U | C AFZUFC[ lZ;F,T
DF\
SA}l,ITGL ;GNYL ;ZOZFh SZ[P
;DIGL Z;D 5|DF6[ VhLh DF{;}O[ 5MTFGF D}<IJFG ;\U|CGF
A[ AM, ,BJFG[ DF8[ DFZL H[JF VIMuI 5F+G[ V[8,LJFZ DHA}Z
SIM" S[ CJ[ ,FRFZL NXF"JJFGL 56 U]\hF.X AFSL GYL ZCLP [ S[ V[
JF:TlJS CSLST K[ S[ VF DCFG 5NG[ 5F+ C]\ GYL 5Z\T] S[J/ V[
,F,RDF\ S,D p9FJL ZM K]\ S[ SNFR DCXZGF D[NFGDF\ VF H
YM0LS ,L8LVM DFZF VFDF,GFDFGL prRTFGF A[ AM, AGL IP
GAJL CNLMGF 5| R FZ TYF 5| ; FZGL lBNDT BZ[ B Z A\ G [
HCFGGL ;F{YL DCFG ;gDFG5F+ RLH K[ 5Z\T] l6S JGGL VD]S
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
014
015
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
CF,TDF\ C]h}Z
GL ;MCAT G;LA Y. VG[ .DFG 5Z H BFtDM
YIMP sCJF,M p5Z D]HAf
tIFZ AFN ODF"J[ K[ ov
sVY"f o VG[ V[ 5|DF6[ CNLGM XaN TFA.GGL JF6L TYF
JT"G TYF T[DGL TSZLZGF DF8[ 56 AM,JFDF\ VFJ[ K[4 VG[ ccTFA.cc
SC[ K[ T[ DCFG C:TLG[ H[6[ .DFGGL CF,TDF\ ;CFAL ;FY[ D],FSFT
SZL VG[ .DFG 5Z T[GM BFtDM YIMP sCJF,M p5Z D]HAf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
5/MG[ BR"JFG]\ VF SFD 56 SF\. VMK]\ UJ"G[ 5F+ GYL S[ CGF
N]xDGMGL TZOYL 5lJ+ CNLMGL C]D"T TYF GFD}; s5lJ+TF TYF
.HTf 5Z SZJFDF\ VFJ[ , F C] d ,FVMGM ;FDGM SZLG[ lN,MGF
V\WSFZDI lJZFGFVMDF\ CSLST TYF ISLGG]\ VHJF/] O[,FJJFDF\ VFJ[P
V[ H EFJGF C[ 9 / D[ \ DFZF 5| F :TlJS A[ AM,DF\ CNLGL
C{lIT4 CNLGF ;\5FNGGL .<DL TYF V{lTCFl;S V[0TF VG[
CNLGF .gSFZGM lOtGM TYF T[GF ;AAM TYF 5|J'lVM 5Z TG
lGBF,;56[ RRF" SZLG[ 36L AWL CSLSTM C[Z SZL K[ H[GF 5Z
C ;]WL 50NM 50[,M K[P
B]NF SZ[ S[ DFZF S,DGL VF SMlXX .<DJF/FVMGL AFZUFCMYL
5| l TQ9F TYF lJF;GL ;GN CF\ ; , SZ[ VG[ ;FDFgI D] :,DM
.:,FDGF N]xDGMGL V[ ;FlhXMYL AFBAZ Y. I H[ CNLGF
.gSFZGL 5FK/ 5|J' K[P
016
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
017
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
s5FZFv54 Z]S}Vv5f
ccH[ SF\. Z;}, TDG[ VTF ODF"J[ T[G[ ,. ,M VG[ H[GFYL DGF
SZ[ T[GFYL N}Z ZCM4 VG[ V<,FCYL 0ZMPcc s5FZFvZ(4 Z]S}Vv$f
ccA[ X S V<,FCGM VhFA ;bT K[ P A[ X S TDFZ[ DF8[
Z;},]<,FCGL 5IZJL A[CTZ K[Pcc s5FZFvZ!4 Z]S}Vv!)f
p5ZMT S] V F" G L VFITMGL ~V[ D] ; ,DFGMGF DF8[ Z;} , [
VSZD
GL 5lJ+ T VF7F5F,G DF8[G]\ S[g TYF VG];Z6
DF8[ ZH} YJFGF :YFG[ CMJ]\ :556[ ;FlAT Y. UI]\P H[YL VF
GM NZ[S C]SD VF56F DF8[ V[ H
V[TAFZYL CJ[ Z;},[ B]NF
5|DF6[ VF7F5F,G DF8[ JFlHA K[ H[JL ZLT[ S]VF"GGF YSL VF56F
;]WL 5CM\RGFZ B]NFGM SM. C]SD VF56F DF8[ VF7F5F,G DF8[
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
ccV<,FC VG[ Z;},GL .TFVT sVF7F5F,Gf SZM VG[ T[DG]\
VF7F5F,G SZM H[VM TDFZFDF\ C]S}DTJF/F K[P J/L [ TDFZFDF\
SM. JFTGM h30M pEM YFI TM V<,FC VG[ Z;},GL 5|lT ZH} SZMPcc
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
T[DGF VD,M4 SFIM" S]VF"GL VFITMGL :5TF TYF C[T]VMYL AFBAZ
YJFGM V[S H hZLIM K[P
CJ[ GLR[GF ,BF6DF\ S]VF"G D]ALGGL T[ VFITMGM VeIF;
SZM H[DF\ B}A H :556[ TYF B],F;FJFZ JFZ\JFZ Z;},[ VgJZ
GL .TFVT TYF VF7F5F,G TYF .[AFV sVG];Z6f TYF
5IZJLGM C]SD VF5JFDF\ VFjIM K[P
018
019
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
V[ K[ S[ VFH[ Z;},[ B]NFGF T[ C]SDM IF\ K[ H[GL VF7F5F,GGL
DF\ U 6L S] V F" G VF56L 5F;[ SZ[ K[ 4 S[ D S[ C] S DMGF lJGF
VF7F5F,GGL DF\U6L ;ZF;Z A] TYF XZLVTGL lJ~wW K[P TM
[ VFH[ 56 S]VF"G VF56FYL Z;},GL .TFVT sVF7F5F,GfGL
DF\U6L SZ[ K[ TM VlGJFI"56[ VFH[ VF56L ;D Z;},GF C]SDMG]\
CMJ]\ 56 H~ZL K[ VG[ C[Z K[ S[ Z;},[ B]NFGF C]SDMYL T[ C]SDM
CZlUh D]ZFN GYL ,[JFDF\ VFJL XTF H[ B]NF TZOYL S]VF"GDF\
VFJ[,F K[4 S[D S[ B]NFGF C]SDM CMJFGL C{l;ITYL T[G]\ VF7F5F,G
DF8[ JFlHA CMJ]\ VDFZF DF8[ 5}ZT] K[P V[8,F DF8[ VGFIF;[ DFGJ]\
GF H[ C]SDMGF 5F,GGL DF\U6L VF56FYL
50X[ S[ Z;},[ B]NF
SZJFDF\ VFJL ZCL K[ T[ S]VF"G DNDF\ VFJ[,F B]NFGF C]SDMGF
l;JFIGF K[P
VF8,L 5|:TFJGF 5KL V[ ATFJJFGL HZFI H~ZT GYL S[ Z;},[
5FS
GF VCSFD TYF VFN[XM VG[ S]VF"G TYF .:,FDGL :5TF
TYF lJUTJFZ B],F;FGF ;\U|CG]\ GFD CNLM K[P VCYL CNLGL
NLGL H~ZT VG[ T[GL .:,FDL C{l;IT ;FZL ZLT[ :5 Y. U.P
CNLGL NLGL DCtJTFYL T[ H jIT .gSFZ SZL XS[ K[ H[ TG
Z;},GL .TFVT sVF7F5F,GfGM D]gSZ CMIP
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
JFlHA K[4 S[D S[ Z;},GM C]SD 56 JF:TFYL B]NFGM C]SD K[P
020
VgJFZ], CNLQ
VgJFZ], CNLQ
021
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
GLRMJLV[ TM SF{ZGL WFZF O}8L 50[4 lSxJZ[ lZ;F,TGF ;]<TFG[ VFchD
IFZ[S D:HNGF ;C[GDF\ K[ TM IFZ[S VF.XF
GF C]HZFDF\4
IFZ[S 5MTFGF ;ZOZMX NLJFGFVMGF SFO,F ;FY[ JFNLVM4 5CF0LVM
VG[ Z6MYL 5;FZ Y. ZF K[ VG[ IFZ[S VF5}J"S ~NG TYF
D]GFT sN]VFf DF8[ V[SF\TMDF\ pdDTGL E,F.G]\ D]SZ ;\JFZL ZF
K[4 IFZ[S UDGF VFJ[XDF\ VF\BM Vz]DI Y. U. VG[ IFZ[S
G GJFh :DT J0[ U]gRF BL,JL NLWFP U]l,:TFGMGL 5|lT GLS/L
50IF TM GFhEIL" RF,GL B]xA]VMYL Z:TFVM DC[SL p9IF VG[
CJ[ [ SFXFGFV[ ZCDTDF\ H<JM ODF"JL ZF K[ TM RM TZO B}A;}ZT
RC[ZF5FSG]\ VHJF/] K[P CD6F VFlXSMGL AhDDF\ CSLSTM TYF
DVZ[OTMGF\ DMTLVM ,}8FJL ZF K[ VG[ CJ[ H]VM TM DFZWF0GL
H\UDF\ \lG;FZMG[ CD[XF\GF V[XGL AXFZT VF5L ZF K[P
;FZF\X S[ CNLGL lSTFAMG]\ H[ 5FG]\ p<8FJXM TM ,BF6 TYF
CZOMGF VF.GFDF\ ;ZSFZ
GL HNULGL V[S V[S AFZLS AFZLS
CZST [JF D/[ K[P H[ GFD]ZFNMGF\ lN,M .xS[ lZ;F,TGL DCFG
G[VDTYL D[C~D SZL N[JFDF\ VFjIF\ T[VM DCA}AGF H<JFGF VF
HDF, TYF SDF,GF VF.GFG[ TM0L 56 GFB[ TM T[DG[ V[GM Z\H
56 XM m S[D S[ ;LGFDF\ DCMaAT 5LKF6T] lN, H GYL 5Z\T] V[
.xSGF NN"D\NM VG[ .xSDF\ NLJFGF YI[,FVMG[ 5}KM H[VM BFS[
TIACG[ S[J/ V[ DCMaATGF HhAF C[9/ VF\BMV[ ,UF0[ K[ S[
SNFR CALAGF RZ6MG[ V[ :5XL" CMI S[ CNLMGL lSTFAMDF\ T[DGL
VF\BMGL 9\0S TYF T:SLGGL X]\ X]\ ;FD|UL ZC[,L K[ m
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
GS, TYF lZJFITGL H~ZT XF DF8[ pEL Y.P
T[DH VF pdDTGF H[ z[Q9 TASFV[ ;ZSFZ[ lZ;F,T DVFA
G[ B}N T[ 5MT[ 5MTFGL VF\BM J0[ [IF VG[ 0FIZ[8 5MTFGF
SFGM J0[ ;F\E?IF T[ TASM cc;CFAFccGF GFDYL VM/BFIM VG[
;ZJZ[ SF{G[GGF lJ;F, XZLO AFN ;CFAFV[ lSZFD[ H[ ,MSM ;]WL
GF lJX[ 5MTFGF VG]EJM4 5MT[ ;F\E/[, JFTM TYF
Z;},[ 5FS
lGIlDT SFDM sZ;DMfGM BGM 5CM\RF0IM T[VM TFA.G SC[JFIFP
VG[ VF DFG5F+ TASFV[ ;CFAFV[ lSZFDGF YSL CF\;, YGFZF
VG]EJM TYF lGIlDT SFIM"GM BGM H[ ,MSM ;]WL 5CM\RF0IM T[VM
TAV TFA.GGF ,ASYL VM/BFIFP 5KL V[ TASFV[ TFA.G[
lSZFD YSL CF\;, SZ[,F J0[ 5MTFGF ;DIGF ,MSMG[ DFlCTUFZ SIF"
V[ 8 ,[ ;] W L S[ V[ S ;LGFYL AL ;LGF4 ;OLGF NZ ;OLGF4 J\ X
5Z\ 5 ZFUT VG[ HDFVT NZ HDFVT GS, TYF lZJFITGM VF
GF\ JF6L TYF
5lJ+ D VFU/ JWTM ZM H[YL Z;},[ 5FS
JT" G M4 CF,TM TYF S{ l OITM4 .XF" N M TYF SFIM" G M D] S ; ;\ U | C
CNLMGL DM8L DM8L lSTFAMDF\ ;]ZlT Y.G[ VF56[ !$__ JZ;
AFN 5[NF YGFZF pdDTGF DF6;M ;]WL 5CM\RF0IMP
CNLGF ZFJLVMGF V[ D]S; lUZMC 5Z ZCDT TYF G}ZGL
D}X/WFZ JF" JZ;[ H[DGF .b,F; TYF S]AF"GLVM4 D[CGT TYF
SMlXXM4 \lG;FZL TYF lHUZ ;MhL4 ;TT ;OZM4 NLJFGFJFZ SMlXXM
GL
TYF ;TT S]AF"GLVM TYF ;TT 5|ItGM YSL VFSFV[ SF{G[G
G}ZFGL HNULGM ;]U\WLNFZ ;FO VF.GM VF56G[ DI:;Z YIMP
V[8,M ;FO VF.GM S[ VSLNTGL VF\BM BM,TF\ H T[ B]xG]DF
I]UDF\ 5CM\RL J IF\ SND SND 5Z lHA|.,[ VDLGGM VJFH
;\ E /FI K[ P A5MZ[ RDSTF ;} I " G L JFT X] \ SZLV[ S[ ZF+[ 56
H<JFVMGM ;J[ZM K[4 RMTZO OlZxTFVMGM 0[ZM K[4 VF;DFGGF\ 58
B]<IF\ VG[ A\W YIF\4 VFSFXJF/FVMGF G}ZFGL SFO,F pTIF" VG[
RF<IF UIFP VX"YL OX" ;]WL VgJFZ TYF TH<,LVMGM D ZL K[4
H<JFVMGL
JF"YL TIAFCGL HDLG V[8,L GZD Y. U. K[ S[
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
022
CNL4 5[Hv!$f
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
023
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
I]UDF\
FCNLGF ;CFAFGF
F
ZFJLVMGF DMSFVM
4
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
GL 5F;[ CFHZ ZC[GFZF K[P
GS, SZGFZF VG[ ZFT lNJ; VF5
[ T[ A]h]UM"V[ 5MTFGL DF,}DFT TYF VG]EJMGM hBLZM ALVM
;]WL G 5CM\RF0IM CMT TM CNLGL lZJFITGF V[S DCFG lJIGM
5FIM H S[D SZLG[ G\BFT AhD[ XF{S s.xSJF/FVMGLf VF Z;DI
NF:TFGYL !$__ JZ;GL N] l GIF TM X] \ DFlCTUFZ YTL A<S[
GZlU;GL RxD[ DCZDG[ 56 H<JFGL EF/ G D/T4 DVZ[OTM TYF
TH<,LVMGM O{h J[ZTM RxDM IF\YL GLS?IM CTM tIF\ H NAF.G[
ZCL TP K[J8[ V[S I]UGL JFT AL I]UDF\ S. ZLT[ 5CM\RL m [
;F\E/GFZF TYF [GFZFVMV[ 5CM\RF0JFGM 5|A\W G SIM" CMT VF
DFU[" ;CFAFV[ lSZFDGL VFT]ZTFGL EFJGFGL lJUT ^IF 5KL
DFD},L A] WZFJTM DF6; 56 V[ 5lZ6FD[ 5CM\rIF lJGF GYL
ZCL XTM S[ T[VM VF SFDG[ NLGG]\ 5FIFG] SFD ;DHTF CTF H[D S[
[GFZFVMG]\ AIFG K[ S[ IF\ ;]WL VF HUTG[ ;ZSFZ[ 5]Z VgJFZ
GF C[ Z L JH} N GL AZSTMGM XZO CF\ ; , ZM tIF\ ;] W L
5ZJFGF\VMGF\ 8M/F\VM 0U,[ G[ 5U,[ C]h}Z
GF NZAFZDF\ VFT]Z
TYF ;TS" ZF SZTF CTF S[ IFZ[ T[ G GJFh CM8M VG[ 5lJ+
VFN[XMGF\ G}ZFGL O},M lN,GL V\H]DGG[ DMVZ SZL VF5[ VG[
V[8,]\ H GC A<S[ CFHZ ZC[GFZFVM 5F;[YL V[G]\ 56 JRG ,[JFDF\
VFJL Z]\ CT]\ S[ T[VM U[ZCFHZ ZC[GFZFVM ;]WL NZAFZ[ GA]jJTGL
;J" RRF" 5CM\RF0L VF5[P
H[D S[ CFlSD], CNL ChZT CFlOh lGXF5}ZL
ChZT
YL V[GF VG];\WFGDF\ V[S CNL lZJFIT
AZFV .aG[ VFlhA
SZ[ K[P V[ ;CFALGF XaNM VF 5|DF6[ K[ ov
sVY"f o VDG[ ,MSMG[ C]h}Z
GL TDFD CNLM ;F\E/JFG]\
D/T] G CT]\4 VD[ ,MSM 8MGL N[BEF/DF\ 56 DxU}, ZC[TF CTF
G[ C]h}Z
YL H[
VG[ ;CFAFV[ lSZFD
CNL ;F\E/JFGL ZCL HTL CTL T[G[ 5MTFGF ;DSFl,GM VG[ VlWS
IFN ZFBGFZFVM 5F;[YL ;F\E/L ,LWF SZTF CTFP sDVlZOlT p,}lD,
024
025
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
D]S;YL T[,F 5|N[XMDF\ HTF ZFP V[JF ,MSMDF\ ChZT pSAF
.aG[ VFlDZ 56 CTF H[VM lD;Z UIF VG[ tIF\ H J;JF8 SIM"P
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
SM.V[ 56 ;F\E/L K[ m VF ;JF, 5Z D]CdDN .aG[ D]:,DF pEF
YIF VG[ T[D6[ J6"G SI] S[4 D[\ 56 Z;},]<,FC
YL ;F\E?I]\ K[
S[ T[VM NFNLG[ KM lC:;M VF5TF CTFP sCJF,M o p5Z D]HAf
V<,FC] VSAZ 6M KM ChZT VA}AGM VF ;JF, S[ ccVF
JFT TDFZL ;FY[ SM. ALV[ 56 ;F\E/L K[ mcc SMG[ K[ m VF ChZT
K[ H[DGL U6GF DCFG ;CFAFDF\YL
D]ULZF .aG[ XVAF
K[ VG[ H[DGL 5|DFl6TF TYF TSJM VG[ VDFGT TYF ;rRF.GL
S;D BF. XSFI K[4 5Z\T] VCYL V[ CSLST :5 Y. I K[ S[
CNL[ Z;}, NLGGF DF8[ C]HT sN,L,f VG[ VCSFDGF JFlHA
YJF DF8[ V;ZSTF" G CMT TM CNLGF ;DY"GGF DF8[ VF8,M 5|A\W
XF DF8[ SZJFDF\ VFJTM m VG[ VCYL V[ JFT 56 :5 Y. U. S[
AIFG SZGFZF V[SGF AN,[ A[ Y. I TM JFTGL ;FlATL VF{Z
DHA}T Y. I K[P
SM. 5|;\UGL BAZ V[S H DF6;GF YSL ;F\E/JFDF\ VFJ[ VG[
V[ H BAZ lJlJW DF6;M YSL D/[4 TM A\G[DF\ ISLG TYF lJF;GL
:YlTGM H[ TOFJT K[ T[ J6"G SZJM H~ZL GYLP C]h}Z ;ZJZ[ VF,D
GL CNL XZLOGF lJX[ 5MTFGF .<D TYF ISLG VG[ GS, TYF
lZJFITGF lJF;G[ SDF,GF :YFG[ 5CM\RF0JFGF DF8[ ;CFAFV[
lSZFDG[ tIF\ VF 5|SFZGL SF/ VF56G[ 0U,[G[ 5U,[ [JF D/[ K[P
026
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
GF AFZFDF\ .DFD GLXF5}ZLV[ GS, SIM" K[P
JFT tIF\YL RF,L K[ S[ 5MTFGF ;DIGF V[S DCFG D]Cl ChZT
VD| .aG[ VAL ;<DF4 .DFD], CNL ChZT .DFD VJhF.
GL lBNDTDF\ RFZ ;F, ZFP VG[ ,F\AF VZ;FDF\ T[D6[ S[J/ +L;
CNLM T[ D GL 5F;[ Y L ;F\ E /LP V[ S lNJ;[ T[ V M ChZT .DFD
VJhF.G[ 36F B[N5}J"S SC[JF ,FuIF ov
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
ZFJLG]\ AIFG K[ S[ lD;ZGF UJG"Z[ V[S 6SFZ DF6; ;FY[
SZL VF%IM H[ T[DG[ ChZT pSAF .aG[ VFlDZGF 3Z ;]WL ,. UIMP
U/[ D?IF 5KL T[D6[ 56 5|YD ;JF, V[ H SIM" S[ SIF C[T];Z
VFjIF VA} V{I}A m HJFADF\ ODF"jI]\ ov
sVY"f o ccV[S CNL D[\ Z;},]<,FC
YL ;F\E/L K[ VG[
T[G[ ;F\E/GFZ DFZF VG[ TDFZF l;JFI CJ[ SM. N]lGIFDF\ DF{H}N
GYL4 VG[ T[ CNL DMlDGGL 5NF"5MXLGF AFZFDF\ K[P ChZT pSAFV[
YL D[\ VF CNL ;F\E/L K[ S[4
HJFA VF%IM S[4 CF C]h}Z
5[ H v)f
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
028
029
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
V[8,[ ;]WL S[ ChZT CFlOh GLXF5}ZLV[ ChZT VaN]<,FC .aG[
D]AFZS
GM VF SF{, GS, SIM" K[ ov
ccV:GFN NLGGM lC:;M K[ [ ccV:GFNcc G CMT TM H[GF lN,DF\
H[ VFJT T[ SC[TPcc
V[GF VG];\WFGDF\ CFlOh GLXF5}ZLV[ VF 5|;\U GS, SIM" K[
S[ V[SJFZ .aG[ VA} OZJC GFDGF SM. Xb;[ ChZT .DFD hCZL
YL SXLI V:GFN lJGF C]h}Z
GL V[S CNL J6"G SZLP
T[GF ,LW[ ChZT .DFD hCZLV[ B[N ;FY[ ODF"jI]\ ov
ccC[ VA} OZNF TG[ V<,FC TAFC SZ[ TG[ S. RLH[ V<,FC
5Z GL0Z SZL NLWM K[ S[ TFZL CNLGL SM. ;GN GYL m T]\ VDFZL
5F;[ V[JL CNLM J6"G SZ[ K[ H[GF DF8[ G SM. GS[, sGFYf K[ G
,UFD s5[Hv&f
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
030
031
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
56 VaN]<,FC .aG[ VD|P S[D S[ T[ ,BTF CTF VG[ C]\ G ,BTM
CTMPcc sA]BFZL XZLOf
IFZ[ SFU/GF 8]S0FVM4 CZ6GF\ RFD0F\VM4 BH}ZGF\ 5F\0NF\VM
VG[ lN,MGL :,[8MDF\ lJB[ZFI[,L S]VF"G DNGL VFITM OF~SL I]UYL
,.G[ pQDFGL I]U ;]WL lSTFAL :J~5[ V[S :YFG[ V[S+ SZL N[JFDF\
VFJL VG[ VFBF lJDF\ T[GF G]:BF sSM5LVMf O[,FJL N[JFDF\ VFjIF
VG[ CNLMGL ;FY[ S]VF"GL VFITMGF lDz6GM SM. EI G ZM TM
ChZT pDZ .aG[ VaN], VhLh
GF lB,FOTSF/DF\ T[DGF
VFN[XYL CNLMGF ;\5FNG TYF ,[BG SFI"G]\ SFD SFIN[;Z ZLT[ X~
YI]\P
H[D S[ .DFD l;I}TL
GL XZC[ V<OIFDF\
5|:TFJGF ,[BS[ VF XaNMDF\ ,bI]\ K[ ov
cclCP;P ))DF\ IFZ[ ChZT pDZ .aG[ VaN], VhLh
V[ lB,FOTGL lHdD[NFZLVM ;\EF/L ,LWL TM VF5[ VA}A .aG[
ChDG[ ,bI]\ H[ D]VdDZ4 ,{4 VJhF.4 DFl,S4 .aG[ .:CFS TYF
.aG[ VA} hVAGF X{B CTFP VG[ DNLGF D]GjJZFDF\ gIFIF,I
SR[ Z LDF\ B,LOFGF GFIA CTFP T[ D G[ ChZT pDZ .aG[
VaN],VhLh[ ODF"jI]\ S[ H[ CNL 56 C]h}ZGL D/[ T[G[ ,BL ,M4
V[8,F DF8[ S[ .<D G YJF VG[ p,DFGF RF<IF HJFGM 0Z K[Pcc
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
032
tIFZAFN ,B[ K[ ov
ccVF ;J[" V[S H HDFGFDF\ V[S H TASFGF CTF VG[ T[DGFDF\GF
DM8FEFUGF ChZT VA}A ChD TYF .aG[ XCFA hCZLGF XFlUN"
CTFPcc sD]SDF XZC[ V<OIFf
tIFZAFN ,[B TYF ;\5FNG VG[ lJlJW N;"GF C,SFVM YSL
CNLMGF 5|RFZ TYF O[,FJFGM D VFU/ JWTM UIMP lZJFITMGF
SA}, TYF ZNGF lGIDM4 ZFJLVMGF U]6WDM" sl;OTMf TYF XZTM
VG[ V[ lJIGF lGIDM TYF VlGJFI"TFVM DF8[ A\WFZ6 TYF S,DM
30JFDF\ VFJL VG[ p;} , [ CNLGF GFDYL .<D TYF RTGGL
N]lGIFDF\ V[S GJF lJIGL X~VFT Y.P
p;}, TYF XZTMGF ;bTYL ;bT DF5N\0 5Z CNLMGL GJL
GJL lSTFAM ,BJFDF\ VFJL4 V[8,[ ;]WL S[ VFH[ V[ lJI[ ;J"
lSTFAMDF\ ;CLC A]BFZL4 ;CLC4 D]:,D4 D[V lTlD"hL4 ;]GG[
VA} NFN4 ;]GG[ .aG[ DFHC TYF ;]GG[ lG;F. 36L H DxC}Z
TYF ,MSl5|I K[P
p5ZMT ,BF6DF\ CNLGL NLGL H~ZT4 T[GL VD,L TYF OgGL
lJJ;GLITF VG[ T[G]\ V{lTCFl;S DCtJ TYF lJlXTF 5Z BF:;L
ZMXGL GFBJFDF\ VFJL K[ P H[ 5lJ+ BIF,JF/F D] ; ,DFGMG[
.:,FD TYF S]VF"G l5|I K[ VG[ H[VM 5MT[ 5MTFG[ V[ H D]:,D
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
033
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
V<OIFf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
vVX" N ] , SFNZL s
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
pdDTGL V[ S jIT ;DH[ K[ H[ !$__ JZ;YL 5MTFGL ;TT
lZJFITM VG[ RF,L VFJTL NLGL TYF lOL T[ChLAGL ;FY[ J\T
TYF TFAGFS K[4 TM T[D6[ CNL 5Z EZM;M SZJFGF DF8[ SM.
N,L,GL TG H~ZT GYLP
V<A T[ ,MSM S[ H[VM D]GFlOS56F slGOFSfGL ZFC[ s,LW[f
CNLGM .gSFZ SZ[ K[ VG[ 5MTFGL V[ SDAbTLG[ K]5FJJFGF DF8[
S]VF"GG]\ GFD ,[ K[4 [ DG[ ;DIGL T\ULGL DHA}ZL p5:YT G
VFJL T TM C]\ VlT DHA}T ;FLVMGL ;FY[ A5MZGF ;}I"GL H[D
V[ ;FlAT SZL N[ B F0T S[ T[ D G[ tIF\ CNLGM .gSFZ S] V F" G GL
5IZJLGF HhAF C[9/ GYL A<S[ S]VF"GGL 5IZJLYL ARJFGF DF8[ K[P
CNLGF .gSFZYL T[DGM D}/ C[T] V[ K[ S[ S,FD[ B]NFJ\NLGF
EFJFY"G]\ ISLG T[DGL V\UT THJLh sZFIf 5Z KM0L N[JFDF\ VFJ[
H[YL V<,FCGL VFITMGM EFJFY" lJS'T SZLG[ 56 T[VM S]VF"GGL
5IZJLGM NFJM SZL XS[P
N]VF K[ S[ DF{,F TVF,F CNLGF D]gSZMGF lOtGFYL VC,[
.DFGG[ ;,FDT ZFB[ VG[ T[DG[ TF{OLS VF5[ S[ T[VM CNLGL ZMXGL
O[,FJLG[ HUTG]\ V\WFZ]\ N}Z SZ[P
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
A]h]UM"V[ CNLGF lJIDF\ 36L lSTFAM ,BLP
XZC[ V<OIFGF ,[ B S[ B} A H lJ:TFZ5} J " S :Y/M ;FY[ T[
A]h]UM"GF\ GFDM ,bIF\ K[ ov
ccV[ V MDF\ .aG[ HZLC DFDF\ 4 .aG[ .:CFS VG[ DFl,S
DNLGFDF\4 ZALV .aG[ ;ALC4 ;.N .aG[ pZJF VG[ CdDFN .aG[
;<DF A;ZFDF\ ;] O IFG F{ Z L S} O FDF\ 4 VJhF. XFDDF\ 4 C[ X FD
JF:TFDF\4 D]VdDZ IDGDF\4 HZLZ .aG[ VaN]<,FC Z[IDF\ VG[ .aG[
f s5|:TFJGF XZC[
D]AFZS B]ZF;FGDF\ CTFPcc s
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
034
V[ 8 ,[
035
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
lSTFA], .DFG
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
036
037
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
sD]:,D XZLOf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
IF\ ;]WL S[ C]\ T[GF DF\ AF54 5]+M VG[ TDFD ,MSMYL
VlWS l5|I G Y. P sA]BFZL XZLO TYF D]:,D XZLOf
0
CNLGL XZC 0
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
#P ChZT VG;
V[ S]\ S[ ;ZSFZ[ VSN;
V[
ODF"jI]\ S[ SM. jIT T[ ;DI ;]WL DMclDG GYL Y. XTM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VOh,GF tIJF 5Z E,[ T[ U]GFCGL CN ;]WL G 5CM\rIF CMI T[GF
5Z 5MTFGF A\NFG[ H[ RFC[ SC[ VG[ R[TJ6L VF5[4 56 ALGL D,
GYL S[ SF\. SCL XS[P VG[ VF :YFG[ V[S VNAG]\ DF5N\0 K[ H[GM
BIF, ZFBJM VlGJFI" K[ VG[ T[ V[ S[ [ B]NF TVF,F TZOYL VD]S
5Z S[ H[VM AFZUFC[ .,FCLGF D]SZ"A K[ SM.
V\lAIF
R[TJ6L S[ ;\AMWG GFlh, YFI VYJF T[ ChZFTGF TZOYL S[ H[VM
B]NF TVF,FGF BF; A\NFVM K[ SM. TJFhMV4 VF S[ .gS[;FZLGM
.hCFZ YFI H[GFYL p65GM JC[D YTM CMI TM VF56F DF8[ .h
GYL S[ V[DF\ NB, N.V[ VG[ V[ sR[TJ6L TYF VF XaNMfG[
sT[ D GF CDF\ f AM,LV[ VG[ ;{ I N] , V\ l AIF
GF AFZFDF\
;\l%TDF\ VSLNM V[ K[ S[ p,}lCITGF DT"AF TYF B]NFGL l;OTM
l;JFI H[ SF\. K[ T[ C]h}Z
GF DF8[ ;FlAT K[ VG[ VF\ ChZT
TDFD OhF., TYF AXZL SDF,MGF ;D}C K[ VG[ ;F{DF\
DHA}T TYF SFlD, K[P sVxVT], ,dVFT4 EFP !4 5[Hv$_f
ZP ChZT VMAFNF .aG[ ;FlDT
V[ S]\ S[ D[\ Z;},[ SZLD
G[ ODF"JTF\ ;F\E?IF S[ H[ Xb; V[ JFTGL UJFCL VF5[ S[ B]NF
l;JFI SM. DVA}N GYL VG[ D]CdDN s
f V<,FC TVF,FGF
Z;}, K[ TM V<,FC TVF,F T[GF 5Z NMhBGL VFU CZFD SZL N[ K[P
038
EFP !4 5[Hv&$f
:Y/fYL 5FS K[4 T[GF DF8[ ;DI TYF :Y/ ;FlAT SZJ]\ S] K[P
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
039
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
s$f SM. DF6; ALDFZ GYL YTM VYJF 36M H 3Z0M K[ DZTM
GYL4 T[GF DF8[ V[J]\ G SC[JFDF\ VFJ[ S[ V<,FC T[G[ E},L UIM K[P
s(f SM.G[ GDFh 5-JF DF8[ S]\ VG[ T[6[ HJFA VF%IM4 TD[
GDFh 5-L TM XM OFINM YIM VYJF S]\4 AC]\ 5-L ,LWL4 CJ[ lN,
UEZF. UI]\ VYJF S]\4 5-J]\ G 5-J]\ A\G[ ;ZB] K[ DT,A S[
V[ 5| S FZGL JFT SZJL S[ GDFhGL Olh" I TGM .gSFZ ;DHJFDF\
VFJTM CMI VYJF GDFhGM lTZ:SFZ YTM CMI V[ ;J" S] K[P
sACFZ[ XZLVTf
s)f SM.G[ ZMhM ZFBJF DF8[ S\] VG[ T[6[ HJFA VF%IM S[
ZMhM T[ ZFB[ H[G[ BFJF G D/[ VYJF S]\ S[ IFZ[ B]NFV[ BFJF
DF8[ VF%I]\ K[ TM E}bIF XF DF8[ DZLV[ VYJF VF 5|SFZGL VgI
JFTM H[DF\ ZMhFG[ C,SM C[Z SZTM CMI V[ S] K[P sACFZ[ XZLVTf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
sZf B]NF TVF,FG[ V<,FC 5FS S[ V<,FC TVF,F SC[J]\ [.V[4
V<,FClDIF\ SC[J]\ DGF TYF GF.h K[P
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
DF\U6L SZ[ E,[ T[ AFAT GO;GL .rKFGL lJ~wW H S[D G CMIP
NFPTP ALDFZ DF6;G]\ sS0JLf NJFYL DCMaAT ZFBJ]\ sV[ VS,L
DCMaAT K[f H[D S[ T[ NJFG[ 5;\N SZLG[ T[GF 5|lT J/[ K[ VG[ T[G[
A]GF TSFhF C[9/ 5LV[ K[4 V[8,F DF8[ S[ T[ ISLG WZFJ[ K[ VYJF
V\NFhM SZ[ K[ S[ DFZL T\N]Z:TL VF sNJF 5LJFfDF\ K[4 E,[ T[ NJFYL
T[GL TALIT VS/FD6 VG]EJTL CMIP NFPTP [ C]h}Z
C]SD
VF5[ S[ SFlOZ DF\ AF5 TYF VF{,FNG[ St, SZL N[ VYJF V[ C]SD
VF5[ S[ SFlOZM ;FY[ ,0[ VG[ ,0TF\ ,0TF\ XCLN Y. IP TM T[ T[G[
SZL R}SJF DF8[ H~ZL NLJFGM ZC[ S[D S[ A]GL ~V[ T[ V[8,] H~Z
6[ K[ S[ VF5GF VF7F5F,G s.TFVTfDF\ H E,F. K[P
VYJF VF CNLDF\ DCMaATYL D]ZFN .DFGL DCMaAT K[ H[
VF5GL A]h]UL"4 .HT TYF VhDT VG[ VF5GF V[C;FG TYF
DC[ Z AFGLGF ;AA[ sDMclDGGF lN,DF\ f 5[ N F YFI K[ P .DFGL
DCMaATGM TSFhM V[ K[ S[ DMlCA sRFCSf 5MTFGF DCA}AGL TDFD
bJFlCXMG[ VgI ,MSM V[8,[ ;]WL S[ 5MTFGF\ ;UF\ ;\A\WLVM4 B}N
5MTFGL TGL .rKFVM 5Z VU|TF VF5[P VG[ C]h}Z
DCMaAT
SZJF DF8[GF ;J" ;AAM V[8,[ S[ B}A;}ZTL4 B]XlDhL4 SDF,GL
DCFGTF TYF SDF,GF V[C;FGYL ;D' K[ VG[ V[JF EZRS K[ S[
VF5GF l;JFI SM. VgI VF ;D'TFV[ GYL 5CM\RL XTM4 H[YL
VF5 NZ[S DMclDGGL GS T[GF J SZTF\I VlWS l5|I CMJFGF
CNFZ K[ H[YL DMclDGGL DF\ T[DGF l;JFIGF SZTF\ VlWS
NZH[ VF5 DCA}A CX[P BF; SZLG[ V[ ZLT[ S[ VF5 T[ DCA}A
CSLSL V[ 8 ,[ B] N F TVF,FGF TZOYL Z;} , K[ VG[ B] N F ;] W L
5CM\ R F0GFZ VG[ T[ G F ;] W L 5CM\ R GM DFU" AGFJGFZ VG[ T[ G L
AFZUFC[ HA~TDF\ .HT TYF VhDTJF/F K[P slDSF"T XZC[ lDxSFT4
040
041
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
sACFZ[ XZLVTf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
GVT XZLO 0
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VSLNM K[ V[ lXS" K[P sXZC[ VSF.N[ G;OL4 5[Hv!f
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
s!_f ZDhFG DCLGFDF\ C[ZDF\ lNJ;[ BFJFYL DGF SZTF\
V[JF XaNM AM,JF S[4 ccIFZ[ V<,FCGM 0Z GYL TM ,MSMGM X]\ 0Z cc
V[ S] K[P
s!!f .<D[ NLG TYF VFl,DMGL lJGF SFZ6[ TF{CLG SZJL
V[8,[ S[ S[J/ V[8,F DF8[ S[ T[ .<D[ NLGGM VFl,D K[ V[ S] K[P
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
042
CNLGL XZC 0
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
CNL XZLO C[9/ .<D[ S,FDGL DxC}Z lSTFA ccDJFlSOccG]\ VF SYG
S[4 ccGF sGT 5FDGFZf lOSM" VC,[ ;]gGT J HDFVT K[cc GS,
SZLG[ ODF"J[ K[ S[ ov
sVY"f o GT 5FDGFZ lOSM" VC,[ ;]gGT J HDFVTGM K[P
[ JF\WM p9FJ[ S[ S. ZLT[ 6JF D?I]\ S[ GF lOSM" sGTLf VC,[
;]gGT J HDFVT K[ VG[ V[ H ;LWM DFU" TYF B]NF ;]WL 5CM\RF0GFZ
DFU" K[ VG[ VgI ;J" HCgGDGF DFUM" K[P VG[ NZ[S lOSM" NFJM SZ[
K[ S[ T[ ;LWF DFU[" K[ VG[ T[GM DhCA C K[ m TM T[GM HJFA V[
K[ S[4 VF V[JL JFT GYL H[ S[J/ NFJM SZJFYL ;FlAT Y. I
sV[GF DF8[f 9M; N,L, [.V[P VG[ VC,[ ;]gGT J HDFVTGL
CFlGITGL N,L, V[ K[ S[ V[ NLG[ .:,FD s;ZSFZ[ VSN;
YLf GS, Y.G[ sVF56F ,MSM ;]WLf 5CM\rIM K[P .:,FDL VSLNF
6JF DF8[ S[J/ A]GM hZLIM 5}ZTM GYLP VbAFZ[ D]TJFlTZFYL
6JF D?I] \ TYF ;CFAFGF\ SYGM TYF D] A FZS CNLMGL
XMWBMHvKFGALGYL ISLG CF\;, YI]\ S[ ;,O[ ;Fl,CLG V[8,[
;CFALVM TYF TFA.G
VG[ T[DGF 5KLGF
;J" A]h]UF"G[ NLG V[ H VSLNF VG[ V[ H TZLSF 5Z ZF K[P VSJF,
TYF DhCAMDF\ lANVT TYF GO;FlGIT 5|YD HDFGF 5KL s5[NFf
Y. K[P ;CFAFV[ lSZFD TYF ;,O[ D]TS[DLG V[8,[ S[ TFA.G4
TAV[ TFA.G4 D]TlCNMDF\ SM. V[ DhCA 5Z G CTF4 V[ ,MSM
VF GJF DhCAYL A[hFZ CTFP A<S[ V[GF 5[NF Y. UIF 5KL
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
044
045
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
SNL ;F\E/L CX[ G TDFZF AF5NFNFV[P ccTM V[JF ,MSMYL ARXM
VG[ T[VMG[ 5MTFGL GS G VFJJF N[XM H[YL T[VM TDG[ U]DZFC
G SZL N[ VG[ lOtGFDF\ G GFB[Pcc sD]:,D XZLO4 lDxSFT XZLOf
ChZT X{B VaN], C D]Cl NC[<JL A]BFZL
VF
CNLGF TH]"DFDF\ ODF"J[ K[ S[ V[S V[JL HDFVT 5[NF YX[ H[ 5|5\R
VG[ K[ T Z50LYL p,DF4 DXF.B VG[ ;] , CF AGLG[ cc5MTFG[
D];,DFGGF X]E[rKS VG[ ;]WFZS C[Z SZX[ H[YL 5MTFGL H}9L
JFTM O[ , FJ[ VG[ ,MSMG[ 5MTFGF AFlT, VSLNFVM TYF O;FNL
lJRFZMGL TZO VFSl"T SZ[Pcc sVxVT], ,dVFT4 EFUv!4 5[Hv!##f
R[TJ6L o s!f D]bAZ[ ;FlNS C]h}Z
V[ H[ N,M VG[
ShhFAM sH}9FVMfGL VFBZL HDFGFDF\ pNEJ 5FDJFGL BAZ
VF5L CTL TM JT"DFGSF/DF\ T[GL lJlJW 8}S0LVM [JF D/[ K[ H[VM
D];,DFGM ;D V[JL JFTM J6"J[ K[ S[ H[ T[DGF AF5NFNFVMV[ SNL
;F\E/L G CTLP
T[VMDF\GM V[S lUZMC T[ K[ H[ 5MT[ 5MTFG[ ccVC,[ S]VF"Gcc SC[
G[ S[J/ ccV[,RLcc ;DH[ K[ VG[ A;P p3F0[ KMU[
K[P T[ C]h}Z
;F{ CNLMGM .gSFZ SZ[ K[ A<S[ C]h}Z
GL .TFVTGM 56 D]gSZ
K[PPPP VF T[ JFTM K[ H[G[ VF56F AF5NFNFV[ SNL ;F\E/L G CTL
A<S[ T[DG[ V<,FC TVF,FV[ V[ C]SD VF%IM K[ ov
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
A] h ] U M" f GF DhCA VC,[ ;] g GT J HDFVTG] \ ;DY" G SI] TYF
TZONFZL SZL VG[ V,L N,L,M J0[ T[GL ;FlATL 5}ZL 5F0LP VG[ H[
TYF ;,O[ ;Fl,CLG s5}J"H
JFTM 5Z ;] g GT[ Z;} ,[ SZLD
A]h]UM"fGM .HDFVT sV[SDlTf :YFl5T ZM T[G[ DHA}T 9ZFjI]\
K[P V[8,F DF8[ VXFV[ZF TYF DFT]ZLlNIFG]\ GFD VC,[ ;]gGT J
HDFVT 50I]\P E,[ V[ GFD GJ]\ K[ 5Z\T] DhCA TYF VSLNF 5}ZF6F
GL CNLMGL .[AFV sVG];Z6f TYF
K[P T[DGM TZLSM GAL
5} J " H A] h ] U M" G F SYGM TYF VD,MG] \ VG] ; Z6 SZJ] \ K[ P VG[
;} O LVMGF lUZMCGF DXF.B[ D] T S[ D LG VG[ sJT" D FGSF/GFf
D]CS XIBM H[VM TZLSTGF p:TFN4 VFlAN TYF hFlCN4 lZIFhT
SZGFZF4 5ZC[hUFZ4 B]NFYL 0ZGFZF4 C TVF,F 5|lT wIFlGT
ZC[GFZF VG[ GO;GL ;FYL N}Z ZC[GFZF ;F{ V[ H DhCA VC,[
;] g GT J HDFVT 5Z CTF4 H[ D S[ V[ DXF.BGL lJ;GLI
lSTFAMYL :5 YFI K[ VG[ ;}lOIFV[ lSZFDGL B}A H lJF;5F+
lSTFA ccTVZ]"Occ K[ H[GF AFZFDF\ ;{INGF X{B XCFA]LG ;]CZJNL"
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[ [ ccTVZ]"Occ lSTFA G CMT TM VF56[ ,MSM
T;jJ]OGF D;F.,YLP V7FG ZCL TP VF lSTFADF\ ;}lOIFV[
046
047
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
V[8,[4 ccD]CdDN
TD[ DNM"DF\YL SM.GF AF5 GYL 5Z\T]
B]NF TVF,FGF Z;}, VG[ BFTDgGlAiILG K[Pcc s5FP ZZ4 Z]P Zf V[8,[
S[ C]h}Z
GL T 5Z GALVMGL 5[NF.XGM D 5}ZM YIM K[P
VF5[ GA]jJTGF NZJFG[ ;L, SZL NLWM K[P CJ[ VF5GF 5KL SM.
GAL SNL 56 5[NF Y[X GCP
VG[ T[VMDF\G]\ V[S H}Y T[ K[ H[G[ ccJCFALvN[JA\NLcc SC[JFDF\
VFJ[ K[P VF lUZMCGM VSLNM V[ K[ S[ H[JM UIAGM .<D C]h}Z
G[ 5|F%I K[ V[JM .<D TM AF/SM4 5FU,M4 VG[ GJZMG[ 56
p5,aW K[ P H[ D S[ N[ J A\ N LVMGF 5[ x JF DM<JL ccVXZO V,L
YFGJLccV[ 5MTFGL lSTFA cclCOh], .DFGcc 5[Hv( p5Z C]h}Z
GF DF8[ S], .<D[ UIAGM .gSFZ SZLG[ S[J/ VD]S .<D[
U{AG[ ;FlAT SIM"P 5KL VD]S .<D[ U{AGF lJX[ V[ 5|DF6[ ,bI]\ K[
S[4 ccV[DF\ C]h}Z
GL X]\ lJlXTF K[ m V[JM .<D TM hIN TYF
VD| A<S[ NZ[S AF/S TYF 5FU, sUF\0Ff A<S[ TDFD CIJFGM TYF
RM5UF\ GJZMGF DF8[ 56 p5,aW K[Pcc s
f
V\lAIFDF\
VF lUZMCGM V[S VSLNM V[ 56 K[ S[ C]h}Z
VFBZL GYLP VF5GF 5KL AL[ GAL Y. XS[ K[P H[D S[ ccDM<JL
SFl;D GFGMtJL NFZ] , p,} D N[ J A\ N GF :YF5S[ c c 5MTFGL lSTFA
TChLZ]gGF;4 5[Hv# p5Z ,bI]\ K[ S[ ccVJFD s;FDFgI ,MSMfGF
BIF,DF\ TM Z;},]<,FCG]\ BFlTD sVFBZL GALf CMJ]\ V[ VY"DF\ K[
S[ VF5GM HDFGM VFU,F V\lAIFGF ;DI AFNGM K[ VG[ VF5
;F{DF\ VFBZL GAL K[P 56 VC,[ OCD s;DHJF/FVMf 5Z ZMXG
CX[ S[ HDFGFGF VFU/ S[ 5FK/ CMJFDF\ lAhhFT SM. OhL,T
GYLPPPPcc VF ,BF6GM DT,A V[ K[ S[ ccBFTD]gGlAiILGcc DT,A
V[ ;DHJM S[ VF5 ;F{DF\ VFBZL GAL K[4 V[ GF;DH VG[ UDFZ
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
,MSMGM BIF, K[PPPP J/L T[ H lSTFAGF 5[HvZ( p5Z ,B[ K[ S[4
5KL SM. GAL 5[NF YFI TM 56
cc[ WFZM S[ HDFGFV[ GAJL
BFTlDIT[ D]CdDNLDF\ sVF5GF VFBZL GAL CMJFDF\f SF\. OZS
VFJX[ GCPPPPP VF ,BJFGM EFJFY" V[ K[ S[ C]h}Z
GF 5KL
ccAL[ GAL 5[NF Y. XS[ K[Pcc s
f
VF lUZMCGM V[S VSLNM V[ 56 K[ S[ X{TFG TYF D,S], DF{TGF
GM .<D VMKM K[ P H[ Xb; ccX{ T FGcc TYF
.<DYL C] h } Z
ccD,S], DF{TccGF DF8[ lJXF/ .<D DFG[ T[ DMclDG D];,DFG K[4
GF .<DG[ lJXF/ VG[ JWFZ[ DFGGFZ D]xZS TYF
5Z\T] C]h}Z
A[ . DFG K[ P H[ D S[ VF lUZMCGF 5[ x JF ccDM<JL B,L, VCDN
V\A[9LccV[ 5MTFGL lSTFA ccAZFCLG[ SFlTVCcc4 5[Hv5! p5Z ,bI]\
K[ S[ 4 ccX{ T FG TYF D,S] , DF{ T G[ VF lJXF/TF G; sN,L,fYL
;FlAT Y.P OB[| VF,DGL .<DGL lJXF/TFGF DF8[ S. G:;[ ST.
K[ H[ G FYL TDFD G;} ; G[ ZN SZLG[ V[ S lXS" ;FlAT SZ[ K[ P cc
f
s
VF lUZMCGM V[S VSLNM V[ 56 K[ S[ B]NF TVF,F H}9] AM,L
XS[ K[P slZ;F,F ISZMhL4 5[Hv!$54 ,[BS o DF{<JL .:DF., NC[<JLf
V[S VSLNM V[ 56 K[ S[ Z;},]<,FC
DZLG[ DF8LDF\ E/L
UIFP sTSlJIT], .DFG4 5[Hv*)f
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
V\lAIFDF\ K[<,M K]\ DFZF 5KL SM. sGJMf GAL YX[ GCPcc slDxSFT
XZLO4 5[Hv$&5f VG[ S]VF"G[ SZLD[ T[DG[ NXF"jI]\ CT]\ S[ ov
048
VgJFZ], CNLQ
9ZFJJ]\f G [.V[4 E,[ UD[ T[JM VSLNM ZFB[ VG[ UD[ T[J]\ SZ[P VF
BIF, U,T K[P ;CLC V[ K[ S[ IFZ[ VC,[ lSa,FDF\ SM.
S]GL lGXFGL [JF D/[ VYJF V[GFYL SM. JFT S]GL
ACFZ 50[ TM T[G[ ccSFlOZcc SC[JFDF\ VFJX[P
ChZT D]<,F V,L SFZL
ODF"J[ K[ S[ ov
ODF"J[ K[ ov
049
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
XSFT] S[ T[GM BFtDM .DFG 5Z YIM VYJF DVFh<,FC S] 5Z4
IF\ ;]WL T[GF BFtDFGM CF, XZ. N,L,YL ;FlAT G CMIP 56
T[GM VY" V[ GYL Y. XTM S[4 ccH[6[ STVG s;ZF;Zf S] SI] CMI
T[GF S]DF\ X\SF SZJFDF\ VFJ[ S[D S[ ;ZF;Z SFlOZGF S]DF\ XS SZJM
56 DF6;G[ sX\SF SZGFZG[f SFlOZ AGFJL N[ K[Pcc sACFZ[ XZLVTf
050
Qanoon-e-Shariat (Part-1)
Bahar-e-Shariat (Part-1)
Wahabi & Deobandi Beliefs
Noorani Talim (English with Urdu) Part-2
Noorani Talim (English with Urdu) Part-3
Noorani Talim (English with Urdu) Part-4
Noorani Talim (English with Urdu) Part-5
Islamic Rules
The Blessings of the remembrance of Allah
The Wisdom of Namaz
Rights of Parents
Anvaar-e-Mustafa
Haj & Umrah Gide
Khulfa-e-Rashideen
Translation of Quran i.e. Kanzul Imaan
(By. Imam Ahmed Razaa
)
The Respect Of Madina
Azan-e-Quabra (Azan At The Grave)
Rs. 050
Rs. 050
Rs. 035
Rs. 010
Rs. 015
Rs. 020
Rs. 025
Rs. 020
Rs. 020
Rs. 020
Rs. 020
Rs. 020
Rs. 010
Rs. 010
Rs. 225
Rs. 005
Rs. 005
Contact :- ANJUMAN-E-RAZA-E-MUSTAFA
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
051
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
$P ChZT lAZ
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
;FY[ 5F6L G 5LVM4 T[DGL ;FY[ BFJF G BFJ4 T[DGL ;FY[ XFNL
lJJFC G SZM4 T[DGF HGFhFGL GDFh G 5-M4 VG[ G T[DGL ;FY[
GDFh 5-MP sD]:,D XZLOf
VF CNLG[ VA} NFN[ ChZT .aG[ pDZYL VG[ .aG[ DFHCV[
ChZT lAZYL VG[ VSL, .aG[ CaAFG[ ChZT VG;YL lZJFIT
SZLP s
f
053
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VD]SGL SZFCTDF\ ,MSMV[ DTE[N NXF"jIM K[ H[J]\ S[ VD[ VUFp
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[ V[JL RLH p5JJL
AIFG SI]P .DFD XFO.
H[ S]VF"G DN4 CNL XZLO4 VFFZ[ ;CFAF VYJF .HDFVGL
lJ~wW CMI TM T[ U]DZFCL K[P VG[ V[JL ;FZL JFT p5JJL H[
T[DGFDF\YL sV[8,[ S]VF"G4 CNL4 ;CFAL4 .HDFVDF\YLf SM.GL
lJ~wW G CMI TM T[ A]ZL GYLP slDSF"T XC[" lDxSFT4 EFUv!4 5[Hv!*)f
VG[ ChZT X{B VaN],C D]Cl NC[<JL A]BFZL
T[ H CNL C[9/ ODF"J[ K[ S[ ov
GF C[ZL HDFGF 5KL
6J]\ [.V[ S[ T[ RLH H[ C]h}Z
V:TtJDF\ VFJL T[ lANVT K[ P 5Z\ T ] T[ D F\ Y L H[ SF\ . C] h } Z GL
;]gGTGF lGIDM TYF SFINFVMGF D]HA K[ VG[ T[GF 5Z SIF;
SZJFDF\ VFJ[, K[ TM T[G[ lANVT[ C:GC s;FZL lANVTf SC[ K[P
VG[ T[ D F\ H[ RLH ;] g GTGL lJ~wW CMI T[ G [ lANVT[ h,F,T
sU]DZFCL5}6" lANVTf SC[ K[ VG[ ccNZ[S lANVT U]DZFCL K[cc V[
SFG}G VF H lANVTGF 5|SFZ DF8[ K[P V[8,[ NZ[S lANVTYL D]ZFN
S[J/ T[ H lANVT K[ H[ ;]gGT[ GAJLGL lJ~wW CMIP VG[ S[8,LS
lANVT JFlHA K[4 H[D S[ ;O" TYF GCJGM .<D XLBJM4 XLBJF0JM
H[YL T[GF J0[ VFITM TYF CNLMGF EFJFYM" TYF DT,AMGL DVZ[OT
CF\;, YFI K[ VG[ S]VF"G TYF CNLGF S9LG DT,AMGL ;DH 5[NF
YFI K[ VG[ VgI RL[ S[ NLG TYF lD<,TGL lCOFhT T[GF 5Z
VJ,\lAT K[P
S[8,LS lANVTM D]:TC;G TYF D]:TCA s;FZLf K[ H[D S[
D];FlOZBFGF VG[ DN=;FVMG]\ AF\WSFDP S[8,LS lANVTM DS~C K[
H[D S[ S[8,FSMGF SF{, D]HA S]VF"G DN VG[ D:HNMDF\ GXLSFD
SZJ]\ VG[ S[8,LS lANVTM D]AFC K[P H[D S[ pDNF S50F\ TYF ;FZF
EMHGGL VlWTF4 56 V[ XZT[ S[ C,F, CMI VG[ 3D\ 0 TYF
VlEDFGG]\ SFZ6 G AG[P VG[ VgI D]AFC RL[ H[ C]h}Z
GF
C[ZL HDFGFDF\ G CTL H[D S[ RFZ6LPPPP JU[Z[P VG[ S[8,LS lANVTM
CZFD K[ H[D S[ VC,[ ;]gGT J HDFVTGL lJ~wW GJF VSLNFVM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
S[ ;F{YL A[CTZ S,FD lSTFA]<,FC K[ VG[ A[CTZLG s;J"z[Q9f DFU"
D]CdDN
GM DFU" K[P VG[ ANTZLG T[ K[ H[G[ GJL SF-JFDF\
VFJL VG[ NZ[S lANVT U]DZFCL K[P sD]:,D XZLO4 lDxSFT XZLOf
CNLGM B],F;M o ChZT D]<,F V,L SFZL
VF CNLGL XZCDF\ ODF"J[ K[ S[4 .DFD GJJL
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[
V[J]\ SFD H[G]\ F\T 5FK,F ;DIDF\ G CMI sXaNSMDF\f T[G[
lANVT SC[ K[P VG[ XZLVTDF\ lANVT V[ K[ S[ SM. V[JL
054
lSTFA
ClNIM
,[BS
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
EFUv!4 5[Hv!Z(f
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
!P ChZT VG;
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VG[ GO;FGL bJFlCXMJF/FVMGF DhCAMP VG[ H[ JFT B],OFV[
f V[ SZL E,[ V[ VY"DF\ S[ C]h}Z
ZFX[NLG s
GF ;DIDF\ G CTL T[ lANVT K[ 5Z\T] lANVT[ C:GC s;FZL
lANVTfGF 5|SFZMDF\YL K[ A<S[ CSLSTDF\ ;]gGT K[P sVxVT], ,dVFT4
056
057
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
EFUv!4 5[Hv!&!f
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
.<D sNLGGMf CF\;, SZJF DF8[ ;OZ SZ[ K[ TM B]NF TVF,F T[G[
HgGTGF DFUM" D F\ Y L V[ S DFU" 5Z R,FJ[ K[ VG[ TFl,A[ .<D
s.<DGL T,FXDF\ GLS/[,4 lJnFYL"fGL ZhF sZF56]\f CF\;, SZJF
DF8[ OlZxTFVM 5MTFGL 5F\BMG[ 5FYZL VF5[ K[ VG[ NZ[S T[ RLH H[
VF;DFG TYF HDLGDF\ K[ V[ 8 ,[ ;] W L S[ DFK,LVM 5F6LDF\
VFl,DGF DF8[ DUO[ Z TGL N] V F SZ[ K[ VG[ VFl,DGL OhL,T
VFlAN 5Z V[JL K[ H[JL RF{NDL ZFTGF R\GL OhL,T TFZFVM 5ZP
VG[ p,DF sVFl,DMf V\lAIFV[ lSZFDGF JFZ;M VG[ GXLG
sGFIAf K[P V\lAIFV[ lSZFDGM JFZ;M NLGFZ TYF lNZCD GYL
T[D6[ JFZ;FDF\ S[J/ .<D KM0IM K[ TM H[6[ T[G[ CF\;, SIM" T[6[
5}ZM lC:;M 5FdIMP slTlD"hL XZLO4 VA} NFN4 lDxSFT XZLOf
5P ChZT D]VFlJIC
V[ S]\ S[ Z;},[ SZLD
V[
ODF"jI]\ S[4 B]NF TVF,F H[ Xb;GL ;FY[ E,F. .rK[ K[ TM
T[G[ NLGGL ;DH VTF ODF"J[ K[ VG[ B]NF VF5[ K[ VG[ C]\
JC[\R6L SZ]\ K]\P sA]BFZL XZLO4 D]:,D XZLO4 lDxSFT XZLOf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VG[ IFZ[ :+LG[ slGSFCDF\f ,FjIM TM ccC{hcc TYF cclGOF;cc JU[Z[
H[8,F D;F., 5lT 5tGLGF ;\A\W[ K[ T[G[ 6J]\ JFlHA Y. I
K[P V[ 5|DF6[ VgI SFDMDF\ SIF; SZL ,[JM sV[8,[ J[5FZ SZ[ TM
J[5FZGF D;F.,4 B[TL SZ[ TM T[GF JU[Z[PPPPf sVxVT], ,dVFT4
058
XZLOf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
XZLOf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[4 H[G[ .<D lJGF SM. OtJM VF5JFDF\ VFjIM TM T[GM
U]GMC OtJM VF5GFZ 5Z YX[ VG[ H[6[ 6LA]hLG[ 5MTFGF EF.G[
BM8L ;,FC sU,T DxJZMf VF%IM TM T[6[ T[GL ;FY[ BIFGT SZLP
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
060
V, JhLOT], SZLDC
s5MS[8 ;F.hDF\ JhLOFVMGL lSTFA f
C/o. OIhFG[ ZhF D\lh,4 D]FP 5MP NIFNZF4 TFP lHP E~R4
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
TSNLZG]\ AIFG
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
JU[Z[PPP V<,FC TVF,FGF lGI]T SZ[,F OhM"GL GS VFJX[ GC
VG[ A]ZF.VMDF\YL ;50F.G[ HCgGDGF VhFADF\ 50X[P
sGM\W o CNL G\P Z JF\RM S[ S]VF"G CNL .<D[ NLG K[ H[YL
5MT[ SMGL 5F;[ .<D XLB[ K[ T[G]\ wIFG ZFB[P JCFAL4 N[JA\NL4
HDFVT[ .:,FDL4 VC,[ CNLPPPP JU[Z[ AFlT, lOSF"JF/F A[ NLGM
S[ H[DGL 5F;[ NLG GYL 56 S] K[ T[DGL 5F;[ G XLB[4 G VF{,FNG[
XLBJF N[P GC TM VF{,FN 56 A[NLG Y. HX[P VFH[ ,MSM VF AFAT[
wIFG GYL VF5TF VG[ V[G[ ZDT ;DH[ K[ T[VMG[ SF,[ lSIFDTDF\
;AS D/L H HX[Pf
062
063
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
XZLOf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
lSZFD TYF ZM;},[ V[hFD sDCFG Z;},Mf 56 ;\[UMJ;FT T[GF
AFZFDF\ SF\. Vh" SZJF .rK[ TM T[DG[ V[ BIF,YL ZMSL N[JFDF\
VFJ[ K[ P H[ D S[ ChZT B,L,] < ,FC sV,F GlAiIGF J
V,{lC:;,FT] J:;,FDfV[ ChZT ,}T
GL SF{D 5Z VhFA
ZMSJF DF8[ 36L SMlXX ODF"JL V[8,[ ;]WL S[ 5MTFGF ZAYL h30JF
,FuIF H[D S[ B]NF TVF,FV[ ODF"jI]\ o
V[8,[
cc.A|FCLD SF{D[ ,}TGF AFZFDF\ VDFZFYL h30JF ,FuIFPcc s5FP !Z4
Z]P *f 5Z\T] SF{D[ ,}T 5Z VhFA YJFG]\ ShFV[ D]AZD[ CSLSL CT]\
V[8,F DF8[ C]SD YIM ov
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
5P ChZT VA} C]Z{ZC
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[ VD[ ,MSM TSNLZGF
TXZLO ,.
D:V,FDF\ AC SZL ZF CTF T[JFDF\ Z;},[ B]NF
VFjIF TM UhAGL ;bTL sU]:;FGL S0SF.fG[ SFZ6[ VF5GM RC[ZM
,F, Y. UIM 6[ S[ NF0DGF NF6F VF5GF RC[ZF D]AFZS 5Z GLRMJL
GFBJFDF\ VFjIF CMIP 5KL ODF"jI]\ S[ X]\ TDG[ V[GM C]SD VF5JFDF\
VFjIM K[ m TDFZFYL VFU,L SF{DM C,FS GYL Y. 56 IFZ[ ShF
TYF SNZGF D:V,FDF\ T[D6[ RRF"VM SZLP C]\ TDG[ S;D VF5]\ K]\
S[ CJ[ 5KL VF D:V,FDF\ AC G SZXMP slTlD"hL XZLO4 lDxSFT
XTFP T[DF\ JWFZ[ lJRFZ6F RTG SZJ]\ NLG TYF .DFGGF TAFC
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
064
SFG}G[ XZLVT 0
SFG}G[ XZLVT
5|SFXS
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
SAZGM VhFA C K[
YL lZJFIT K[ S[ Z;},[
SZLD
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[4 D]0NFGL 5F;[ A[ OlZxTF VFJ[ K[ TM T[G[
A[9] SZLG[ 5}K[ S[ TFZM ZA SM6 K[ m TM D]0N] SC[ K[ S[4 DFZM ZA
V<,FC K[P TM OlZxTM SC[ K[ S[ TFZM WD" X]\ K[ m T[ SC[ K[ S[ DFZM
WD" .:,FD K[P 5KL OlZxTF 5}K[ K[ S[4 VF SM6 K[ H[ TDFZFDF\
DA ODF"JJFDF\ VFjIF CTFP TM D]0N] SC[ K[ S[4 T[ Z;},]<,FC
K[P 5KL OlZxTF 5}K[ S[ TDG[ SM6[ H6FjI]\ m sT[ Z;},]<,FC
K[f TM D]0N]\ SC[ K[ S[ D[\ B]NFV[ TVF,FGL lSTFA 5-L TM T[GF
5Z .DFG ,FjIM VG[ T[GL T:NLS SZLP sC]h}Z
V[ ODF"jI]\f
TM B]NF TVF,FGM V[ SF{, ov
V[8,[ B]NF TVF,F ;FlAT sSNDf ZFB[ K[ .DFGJF/FVMG[
C JFT 5Z N]lGIFGL HNULDF\ VG[ VFB[ZTDF\fGM V[ H DT,A
K[ sS[ DMclDG B]NF TVF,FGF Oh,YL OlZxTFVMG[ HJFA VF5JFDF\
;FlAT ZC[ K[Pf s5FP !#4 Z]P !&f C]h}Z
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[4 5KL V[S
5MSFZGFZ VF;DFG[YL 5MSFZLG[ SC[ K[ S[4 DFZF A\NFV[ ;FR] S]\4 TM
T[GF DF8[ HgGTG]\ 5FYZ6] 5FYZM VG[ T[G[ HgGTG]\ S50] 5C[ZFJM
VG[ T[GF DF8[ HgGTGL TZOGM V[S NZJF[ BM,L VF5MP TM NZJF[
BM,L VF5JFDF\ VFJ[ K[P C]h}Z
V[ ODF"jI]\4 TM T[GL 5F;[ HgGTGL
CJF VG[ B]xA] VFJ[ K[ VG[ GHZ 5CM\R[ tIF\ ;]WL T[GL SAZG[
lJXF/ SZL VF5JFDF\ VFJ[ K[P sVF :YT TM DMclDGGL K[Pf
V[ T[GF DF{TGM p<,[B
VG[ CJ[ ZCL UIM SFlOZ4 TM C]h}Z
SIM" VG[ ODF"jI]\ S[ T[GL ~C T[GF XZLZDF\ 5FKL DMS,JFDF\ VFJ[ K[
VG[ T[GL 5F;[ A[ OlZxTF VFJ[ K[ TM T[G[ A[9M SZLG[ 5}K[ K[ S[ TFZM
ZA SM6 K[ m TM SFlOZ D]0N] SC[ K[ S[4 CFI CFI C]\ GYL 6TMP
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
YJFGM ;AA K[P
ChZT VA}A l;LS TYF pDZ OF~S[ VFchD
H[JF
DCFG ;CFALVMG[ 56 VF D:V,FDF\ AC SZJFYL ZMSJFDF\
VFjIF TM 5KL VF56L TM U6+L H X]\ m V[8,]\ ;D ,[J]\ [.V[
S[ V<,FC TVF,FV[ DF6;G[ 5yYZ TYF VgI 5NFYM"GL H[D H0
TYF lG:R[T 5[NF GYL SIM" A<S[ T[G[ V[S 5|SFZGM VbTIFZ VF%IM
K[ S[ V[S SFD RFC[ TM SZ[ IF G SZ[ VG[ T[GL ;FY[ A] 56 VF5L K[
S[ E,] A]Z]\4 ,FEF,FEG[ VM/BL XS[P VG[ NZ[S 5|SFZGM ;FDFG
TYF ;AAM 5}ZM 5F0IF S[ H[YL IFZ[ DF6; SM. SFD SZJF .rK[ K[
TM T[G[ ,UTM ;FDFG D/L I K[P VG[ V[ H SFZ6[ T[GF DF8[ 5}KTFK
K[4 s5|`GM YX[Pf 5MTFG[ lA,S], ,FRFZ VYJF lA,S], D]bTFZ
;DHJ]\ V[ A\G[ U]DZFCL K[P sACFZ[ XZLVTf
066
EFUv!4 5[Hv!!5f
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
lDxSFTf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
5F;[ A[ SF/F OlZxTF ,L,L VF\BMJF/F VFJ[ K[ H[DF\YL V[SG]\ GFD
ccD]gSZcc K[ VG[ ALG]\ GFD ccGSLZccP A\G[ OlZxTFVM T[ D]0NFG[
5}K[ K[ S[4 ccVF hFT[ lUZFDLGF AFZFDF\ X]\ SC[TM CTM m TM D]0N] SC[
K[ S[4 T[ B]NF TVF,FGF A\NF VG[ T[GF Z;}, K[P C]\ UJFCL VF5]\ K]\ S[
V<,FC TVF,FGF l;JFI SM. DVA}N GYL VG[ UJFCL VF5]\ K]\ S[
B]NF TVF,FGF A\NF VG[ T[GF Z;}, K[P sVF ;F\E/LG[f
D]CdDN
T[ A\G[ OlZxTF SC[ K[ S[ VD[ VUFpYL H 6TF CTF S[ T]\ VF 5|DF6[
SCLXP 5KL T[GL SAZ *_ UH ,F\AL VG[ *_ UH 5CM/L SZL
VF5JFDF\ VFJ[ K[ tIFZAFN SA|DF\ ZMXGL SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P 5KL
T[G[ SC[JFDF\ VFJ[ K[ S[ cc;}. cc TM D]0N] SC[ K[ S[ C]\ DFZF AF/
ArRF\VMDF\ H.G[ T[DG[ VF :YlT JFS[O SZL NP TM OlZxTM SC[ K[
S[4 cc;}. H[JL ZLT[ N]<CM ;}V[ K[Pcc H[G[ S[J/ T[ H Xb; HUF0L
XS[ K[ S[ H[ T[GF BFGNFGDF\ ;F{YL JW] %IFZM CMIP stIFZ[ T[ ;}. I
K[f V[8,[ ;]WL S[ B]NF TVF,F T[G[ slSIFDTGF lNJ;[f T[GL SAZ[YL
p9F0X[P sVF CF, TM DMclDGGM K[fP
VG[ [ D]0N] ccD]GFlOScc CMI K[ TM OlZxTFVMGF HJFADF\ SC[
K[ S[ C]\ ,MSMG[ H[ SC[TF\ ;F\E/TM CTM T[GF H[D C]\ 56 SC[TM CTM4 C]\
5MT[ SF\. 6TM G CTMP TM OlZxTF SC[ K[ S[ VD[ ,MSM 6TF CTF
S[ T]\ V[ H D]HA SCLXP 5KL HDLGG[ C]SD VF5JFDF\ VFJX[ S[ T[G[
NAFJ TM T[ NAFJX[ sE;DF\ ,[X[f V[8,[ ;]WL S[ T[GL 5F\;/LVM
VFDYL T[ D sVF3L 5FKLf Y. HX[ VG[ T[ V[ 5| D F6[ CD[ X F\
VhFADF\ ;50FI[ , M ZC[ X [ P V[ 8 ,[ ;] W L S[ B] N F TVF,F T[ G [ T[
HUFV[YL p9F0X[P sV[8,[ lSIFDT ;]WLPf slTlD"hL XZLO4 lDxSFT XZLOf
#P ChZT VA} ;.N
V[ S]\ S[ Z;},[ SZLD
V[
ODF"jI]\ S[4 SFlOZ DF8[ T[GL SAZDF\ )) sGjJF6]f VHUZM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
5KL OlZxTF 5}K[ K[ S[4 TFZM NLG X]\ K[ m TM T[ SC[ K[ S[4 CFI CFI
C]\ GYL 6TMP 5KL OlZxTF 5}K[ K[ S[4 SM6 K[ H[ TDFZFDF\ DA
SZJFDF\ VFjIF CTFm TM T[ SC[ K[ S[ CFI CFI C]\ GYL 6TMP TM
VF;DFG[YL V[S lGNF s5MSFZf SZGFZ 5MSFZLG[ SC[ K[ S[ T[ H}9M K[4
T[GF DF8[ VFUG] 5FYZ6] 5FYZM VG[ VFUG]\ S50] 5C[ZFJM VG[
V[
T[GF DF8[ NMhB TZOGM V[S NZJF[ BM,L GFBMP C]h}Z
ODF"jI]\4 TM T[GL 5F;[ HCgGDGL UZDL VG[ ,5[8 VFJ[ K[ VG[
SFlOZGL SAZ T[GF 5Z T\U s;F\S0Lf SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[4 V[8,[ ;]WL S[
T[GL 5F;\/LVM VFDYL T[D Y. I K[P 5KL T[GF 5Z V[S VF\W/M
VG[ AC[ZM OlZxTM lGI]T SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ H[GL 5F;[ ,MB\0GM V[S
U]h" sCYM0Mf CMI K[ S[ H[G[ [ 5CF0 5Z DFZJFDF\ VFJ[ TM T[
s5CF0f DF8L AGL IP TM OlZxTM T[ CYM0F J0[ SFlOZG[ V[8,M
DFZ[ K[ S[ T[GM VJFH 5}J"YL 5lD ;]WL TDFD Db,}SFT ;F\E/[ K[
56 .g;FG TYF lHG GYL ;F\E/TF4 TM T[ DF6; DF8L AGL I K[
5KL T[GFDF\ ~C 5FKL DMS,JFDF\ VFJ[ K[P sVCDN4 VA} NFN4
lDxSFT XZLOf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
068
VgJFZ], CNLQ
069
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
EFUv!4 5[Hv!!$f
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VG[ SFlOZGL BAL ~CM S[8,FSGL T[DGF DZ6 :YFG VYJF
SAZ 5Z4 S[ 8 ,FSGL RFC[ AZC} T DF\ S[ H[ IDGDF\ V[ S GF/] K[ 4
S[8,FSGL 5C[,L4 AL4 ;FTDL HDLG ;]WL VG[ S[8,FSGL T[GL 56
GLR[ l;GDF\P 56 UD[ tIF\ CMI 5MTFGF XZLZ ;FY[ T[GM ;\A\W
AFSL ZC[ K[P sACFZ[ XZLVTf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
ChZT X{B VaN], C D]Cl NC[<JL A]BFZL
.XF"N
ODF"J[ K[ S[ OlZxTFVM VG[ ;F5M VG[ JKLVMG]\ D]0NFG[ TS,LO
5CM\RF0J]\ H[D S[ D]AFZS CNLMDF\ AIFG SZJFDF\ VFJ[, K[ S[ V[
;J" CSLSTDF\ YFI K[ VG[ DF{H}N K[ S[J/ pNFCZ6 S[ BIF, GYLP
VG[ VF56] G [J]\ TYF G 6L XSJ]\ T[GF JH}NG[ SF\. G]S;FG GYL
SZL XT]\4 V[8,F DF8[ S[ VF,D[ D,S}TG[ DFYFGL VF\BM J0[ GYL
[. XTF T[GF DF8[ V[S AL VF\B [.V[P sVxVT], ,dVFT4
070
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
071
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
5[HvZ)f
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
lSIFDTGL lGXFGLVM
!P ChZT VG;
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
J[ZlJB[Z V\UMG[ 5|YD :YlTDF\ ,FJLG[ T[ H V;,L EFUM 5Z S[ H[
;] Z lT K[ UM9JL N[ X [ VG[ NZ[ S ~CG[ T[ H VUFpGF XZLZDF\
DMS,X[P sACFZ[ XZLVTf
&P V\lAIFV[ V[hFD
4 VF{l,IFV[ lSZFD4 p,DFV[
VV,FD4 XMCNFV[ .:,FD4 C]OOFh[ S]VF"G H[VM S]VF"G DN 5Z
VD, SZTF CMI VG[ H[VM DCaATGF Dg;A 5Z lAZFT K[ VG[
T[ XZLZ H[6[ SNL V<,FC TVF,FGL GFODF"GL G SZL CMI4 VG[ T[
,MSM S[ H[VM 5MTFGM ;DI N]~N XZLODF\ ZMSL ZFB[ K[ T[DGF\ XZLZMG[
DF8L GYL BF. XTLP H[ Xb; V\lAIFV[ lSZFD
GL XFGDF\
V[JF U\NF JFIM AM,[ S[4 ccDZLG[ DF8LDF\ E/L UIFcc TM T[ U]DZFC4
ANNLG4 BAL VG[ TF{CLGDF\ 50GFZ K[P sACFZ[ XZLVT4 EFUv!4
072
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[
G[ 6 Y. TM ODF"jI]\ S[ TD[ ,MSM X]\
VDFZL JFTRLTGL C]h}Z
JFT SZL ZF KM m ,MSMV[ S]\ S[ lSIFDTGL RRF" SZL ZF KLV[P TM
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[4 tIF\ ;]WL lSIFDT VFJX[ GC IF\ ;]WL
C]h}Z
TD[ VF lGXFGLVM [. ,[XM GC4 5KL T[ lGXFGLVMGM p<,[B
SIM" VG[ ODF"jI]\ S[ ov
s!f W]DF0F sZf N, s#f NFaAT], VN" s$f 5lDYL ;}ZHG]\
GLS/J]\ s5f .;F .aG[ DZIDG]\ GFlh, YJ]\ s&f IF}H TYF DF}H
s*f +6 :Y/M 5Z HDLGG]\ W;J]\ s(f V[S 5}J"DF\ ALH] s)f 5lDDF\
VG[ +LH] s!_f VZAGF 8F5]DF\ VG[ T[DF\G]\ N;D] T[ VFU K[ H[
IDGYL GLS/X[ VG[ ,MSMG[ 3[ZL DCXZ V[8,[ D]<S[ XFDGL TZO
,. HX[P VG[ V[S lZJFITDF\ K[ S[ T[ VFU VNGGF .,FSFV[YL
GLS/X[ VG[ ,MSMG[ 3[ Z LG[ DCXZGL TZO ,. HX[ P VG[ V[ S
lZJFITDF\ N;DL lGXFGL V[S CJF AIFG SZJFDF\ VFJL K[ H[ ,MSMG[
NlZIFDF\ O[\SL N[X[P sD]:,D XZLO4 lDxSFT XZLOf
5P ChZT VA} C]Z{ZC
V[ S]\ S[ Z;},[ SZLD
V[
ODF"jI]\ S[4 N, 0FAL VF\B[ SF\6M CX[4 B}A H VlWS 5|DF6DF\
JF/ CX[4 T[GL ;FY[ HgGT TYF NMhB CX[P T[GL HCgGD sCSLSTDF\f
HgGT CX[ VG[ HgGT sCSLSTDF\f HCgGD CX[P sD]:,D XZLO4
lDxSFT XZLOf
073
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
*P ChZT VG;
YL lZJFIT K[ S[ Z;},[ SZLD
V[
ODF"jI]\ S[ lSIFDT T[ ;DI[ VFJX[ IFZ[ HDLG 5Z SM. V<,FC
V<,FC SC[GFZ ZC[X[ GCP sVA} NFN4 lDxSFT XZLOf
R[TJ6L o s!f lSIFDTGL S[8,LS lGXFGLVM H[ p5ZMT
CNLMDF\ J6"G YI[, K[ T[DF\YL S[8,LS C[Z Y. R}SL VG[ H[ AFSL
K[ T[ ISLGG C[ Z YX[ P N,GM lOtGM 36M H ;bT CX[ P T[
B]NF.GM NFJM SZX[P H[ T[GF 5Z .DFG ,FJX[ T[G[ 5MTFGL HgGTDF\
sH[ CSLSTDF\ NMhB CX[f GFBX[ VG[ H[ .gSFZ SZX[ T[G[ NMhBDF\
sH[ CSLSTDF\ HgGT CX[f GFBX[P D]0NF\ J\T SZX[4 ,L,MTZL
pUF0X[ VG[ VF;DFG[ Y L 5F6L JZ;FJX[ P V[ H 5| S FZGL 36L
;MU9FAF N[BF0X[P H[ JF:TJDF\ ;F{ N}GF SlZxDF CX[P T[GF S5F/
5Z SFO4 O[4 Z[ ,B[,] CX[P sV[8,[ SFlOZf H[G[ NZ[S D];,DFG JF\RX[
56 SFlOZG[ N[BFX[ GCP sACFZ[ XZLVTf
sZf ChZT .DFD DCNL
GF C[Z YJFGM ;\l%T AGFJ
V[ K[ S[ ZDhFG XZLOGM DCLGM CX[4 VANF, TJFODF\ jI:T CX[
VG[ ChZT .DFD DCNL 56 tIF\ CX[P VF{l,IFV[ lSZFD T[DG[
VM/BX[ VG[ T[DGFYL AIVTGL NZBF:T SZX[P T[ .gSFZ SZX[ TM
U{AYL VJFH VFJX[ ov
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
lNJ; H[8,]\ VG[ tIFZ[ V[S lNJ; V[S 5/ H[8,M YX[ VG[ 5/
VFUGF V[S E0SF sp9LG[ BtD Y. IfGF AZFAZ CX[P slTlD"hL
074
075
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
sACFZ[ XZLVTf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
;]WL T[DG[ tIF\ SM. VF{,FN YX[ GC V[8,[ S[ RF,L; JZ;YL VMKL
JIGM SM. H CX[ GCP CJ[ T[DGF 5Z H lSIFDT YX[P ChZT
;} Z O} \ S X[ P TM ;F{ D' t I] 5FDX[ P VF;DFG4 5CF04
.:ZFOL,
HDLG V[ 8 ,[ ;] W L S[ ;} Z TYF .:ZFOL, VG[ TDFD OlZxTFVM
OGF Y. HX[ P T[ JFlCN[ CSLSL sS[ J / V[ S V<,FCGL hFTf
l;JFI SM. G CX[P T[ ODF"JX[
V[8,[ S[4 VFH[ SM.GL
AFNXFCT K[ m 56 K[ SM6 H[ HJFA VF5[P 5KL 5MT[ H ODF"JX[ ov
V[8,[ S[4 S[J/ V<,FC JFlCN[ SCCFZGL ;<TGT
K[P 5KL IFZ[ V<,FC TVF,F RFCX[ tIFZ[ .:ZFOL,
G[ J\T
ODF"JX[P VG[ ;}ZG[ 5[NF SZLG[ OZLYL O]\SJFGM C]SD VF5X[P ;}Z
O\]STF\ H TDFD VjJ,LG TYF VFBZLG D,F.SF VG[ .g;FG TYF
lHG JU[Z[ ;F{ CFHZ Y. HX[P ;F{ 5|YD C]h}Z[ VSN;
SA|[
VgJZYL V[ J L ZLT[ ACFZ TXZLO ,FJX[ S[ T[ D GF HD6F CFY
D] A FZSDF\ ChZT l;LS[ VSAZGM CFY CX[ VG[ 0FAF CFY
f 5KL DF
D]AFZSDF\ ChZT OF~S[ VFchDGM CFY CX[P s
DMVhhDF VG[ DNLGF T{I[ACGL SA|MDF\ H[8,F D];,DFG NOG
YI[,F K[ T[ ;F{G[ 5MTFGL ;FY[ ,.G[ CxZGF D[NFGDF\ TXZLO ,.
HX[P
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
5LU/JF DF\0X[ VG[ T[ GF;JF DF\0X[P VF5 T[GM 5LKM SZX[ VG[
T[GL 5L9DF\ EF,M DFZLG[ T[G[ HCgGDDF\ 5CM\RF0L VF5X[P 5KL
B]NFGF C]SDYL TDFD D];,DFGMG[ ,.G[ SMC[ T}Z 5Z RF<IF HX[P
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
076
077
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
!P ChZT VG;
V[ S]\ S[ ;ZSFZ[
VSN;
V[ ODF" j I] \ S[ 4 DFZL pdDTGL V[ S HDFVT DFZL
XOFVTGF SFZ6[ NMhBGL VFUDF\YL SF-JFDF\ VFJX[ H[DG]\ GFD
HCgGDL 50[,]\ CT]\P sA]BFZL XZLO4 lDxSFT XZLOf
*P ChZT pQDFG .aG[ VOOFG
V[ S]\ S[4 Z;},[
SZLD
V[ ODF" j I] \ S[ 4 lSIFDTGF lNJ;[ +6 5| S FZGF ,MSM
XOFVT SZX[P 5|YD V\lAIFV[ lSZFD
4 5KL
p,DFV[ NLG 5KL XMCNFV[ .:,FDP s.aG[ DFHC4 lDxSFT XZLOf
ChZT X{B VaN],C D]Cl NC[<JL
VF CNL C[9/
ODF"J[ K[ S[ ov
sVY"f o VF +6 lUZMCGL ;FY[ XOFVTG]\ BF; CMJ]\ T[DGF
Oh, TYF A]h]UL"GF lJX[ CMJFGF ;AA[ K[4 GC TM NZ[S VC,[
B{Z D];,DFG sNFPTP ;FRM CF4 AFVD, CFlOhfGF DF8[ s56
XOFVTGM Cf ;FlAT K[P sVxVT], ,dVFT4 EFUv$4 5[Hv$_(f
(P ChZT VA} ;.N
YL lZJFIT K[ S[ Z;},[ SZLD
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[4 DFZL pdDTDF\YL S[8,FS ,MSM S[8,LI HDFVTMGL
XOFVT SZX[ VG[ S[8,FS ,MSM V[S SAL,FGL4 VG[ S[8,FS ,MSM
N;YL RF,L;GL XOFVT SZX[ VG[ S[8,FS ,MSM S[J/ V[S DF6;GL4
V[8,[ ;]WL S[ DFZL S], pdDT HgGTDF\ NFB, Y. HX[P slTlD"hL
XZLO4 lDxSFT XZLOf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[4 DFZL 5F;[ B]NF TVF,F TZOYL V[S OlZxTM
VFjIMP TM T[6[ DG[ .bT[IFZ VF%IM S[ IF\ TM DFZL V0WL pdDT
HgGTDF\ NFB, YFI VYJF C]\ XOFVTG[ V5GFJ]\P TM D[\ XOFVTG[
D\h}Z SZLP DFZL XOFVT T[ NZ[S Xb;GF DF8[ CX[ S[ H[ V[ CF,DF\
DZ[ S[ T[6[ SM.G[ B]NF TVF,FGM EFULNFZ G DFgIM CMIP slTlD"hL
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
079
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
5MTFGF N:T[ S]NZT J0[ AGFjIF4 OlZxTFVM 5F;[ T[DG[ l;HNM SZFjIM4
VD[ ,MSM ;BT 5Z[XFGLDF\ ;50FIF KLV[ TM VF5 VDFZL XOFVT
SZM S[ B]NF TVF,F VDG[ V[GFYL GT sD]Tf AbX[P
ODF"JX[4 V[ DFZM DT"AM GYL4 TD[ SM.
ChZT VFND
GL ;[JFDF\ CFHZ YX[
VgIGL 5F;[ J TM ,MSM ChZT G}C
VG[ T[DGF OhF., AIFG SZLG[ Vh" SZX[ S[4 VF5 VF5GF ZAGL
C]h}ZDF\ VDFZL XOFVT SZMP VCYL 56 V[ H HJFA D/X[ S[ C]\
V[ ,FIS GYL4 TD[ SM. VgIGL 5F;[ J 8}\SDF\ V[ ,MSM ChZT
.A|FCLD4 ChZT D};F JU[Z[ H,L,],SNZ V\lAIFV[ lSZFD
GL AFZUFCDF\ CFHZ Y.G[ XOFVTGF DF8[ ~NG SFS,}NL SZX[ 56
NZ[S 9[SF6[YL V[ H HJFA D/X[ S[4 V[ DFZM DT"AM GYL4 TD[ SM.
VgIGL 5F;[ JP V[8,[ ;]WL S[ ,MSM ChZT .;F
GL 5F;[
CFHZ YX[P T[ 56 V[ H ODF"JX[ S[4 C]\ V[ ,FIS GYLP TD[ SM.
VgIGL 5F;[ J TM ,MSM Vh" SZX[ S[4 VF5 VDG[ SMGL 5F;[
DMS,M KM m ODF"JX[ S[4 T[DGL 5F;[ CFHZ YFJ H[DGF CFY 5Z
OTC ZFBJFDF\ VFJL4 H[ VFH[ A[BF{O K[ VG[ T[ TDFD VFNDGL
VF{,FNGF ;ZNFZ K[P sV[8,[ S[f TD[ D]CdDN
GL AFZUFC[
A[S; 5GFCDF\ CFHZ YFJ4 T[ BFlTD]gGAiIG K[4 T[ H VFH[ TDFZL
XOFVT ODF"JX[P
CJ[ ,MSM OZTF4 O[ZJTF4 9MSZM BFTF4 Z0TF4 RL;M 5F0TF4 N]CF.
N[TF N[TF XOLp, D]hG[ALG4 ZCDT], l,, VF,DLG HGFA ccVCDN[
D]HTAF D]CdDN D]:TOF
GL AFZUFC[ A[S; 5GFCDF\ CFHZ Y.G[
.XF"N ODF"JX[4
V[8,[
XOFVTGF DF8[ Vh" SZX[P TM C]h}Z
S[4 ccXOFVTGF DF8[ C]\ K]\Pcc VFD ODF"JLG[ AFZUFC[ .,FCLDF\ l;HNM
SZX[4 .XF"N YX[
V[8,[ S[4
ccC[ D]CdDN TDFZ]\ DFY] p9FJM VG[ SCM TDFZL JFT ;F\E/JFDF\
VFJX[4 VG[ H[ DF\UXM T[ D/X[ VG[ XOFVT SZM TDFZL XOFVT
DSA}, K[Pcc CJ[ XOFVTGM D X~ Y. HX[ V[8,[ ;]WL S[ H[GF
lN,DF\ ZF.GF NF6FYL 56 VMK]\ .DFG CX[ T[GL 56 ;ZSFZ[ VSN;
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
SZX[P 5KL 5MTFGF G[S VD,M D]HA HCgGDsGL ,5[8 JU[Z[fYL
GT 5FDX[P TM T[DGFDF\YL H[VM ;F{YL A[CTZ CX[ T[VM JLH/LGF
RDSFZFGL H[D s5],l;ZFTYLf 5;FZ Y. HX[4 5KL CJFGL H[D4
5KL NM0GFZF 3M0FGL H[D4 5KL 8 ;JFZGL H[D4 5KL NM0GFZF
DF6;GL H[D4 5KL 5U5F/F RF,GFZFGL H[DP slTlD"hL XZLO4 VA} NFNf
R[TJ6L o s!f lSIFDTG]\ SFID YJ]\ C K[4 T[GM .gSFZ
SZGFZ SFlOZ K[P sACFZ[ XZLVTf
sZf lSIFDTGF lNJ;[ ,MSM 5MT5MTFGL SA|MDF\YL GuG XZLZ[
BtGF YIF lJGFGF p9X[4 SM. 5U5F/F CX[ SM. ;JFZ VG[ SFlOZM
DM-FE[Z RF,TF RF,TF CxZGF D[NFGDF\ CX[P SM.G[ OlZxTF 3;0LG[
,. HX[P CxZG]\ D[NFG XFD N[XGL E}lD 5Z :YFl5T CX[P T[ lNJ;[
HDLG TF\AFGL CX[P ;}ZH S[J/ V[S DF.,GF V\TZ[ CX[P CF,DF\
RFZ CZ JZ;GL ZFCGF OF;,F 5Z ;}I" K[ VG[ T[GL 5L9 N]lGIFGL
TZO K[ 56 lSIFDTGF lNJ;[ T[G]\ D]B VF TZO CX[P UZDL TYF
TF5YL E[\ pS/TF\ CX[P 5Z;[JM V[8,F VlWS 5|DF6DF\ GLS/X[
S[ p5Z R0X[4 SM.GL 3}\8L ;]WL CX[ TM SM.GF\ U}96M ;]WL4 SM.GL
SDZ4 SM.GL KFTL4 SM.GF U/F ;]WL VG[ SFlOZGF TM DM-F ;]WL
R-LG[ ,UFDGL H[ D H0F. HX[ 4 H[ D F\ T[ 0} A SLVM BFX[ P VG[
UZDLGL CF,TDF\ TZ; H[ ZLT[ ,FUX[ T[G]\ J6"G SZJ]\ XI GYLP
EM ;}SF. SF\8M Y. HX[ VG[ S[8,FSGL EM DM-[YL ACFZ GLS/L
VFJX[P VF D];LATM KTF\ SM. CF, 5}KGFZ CX[ GCP EF.YL EF.
GF;X[ 4 DF\ AF5 VF{ , FNYL 5LKM KM0FJX[ P NZ[ S 5MT 5MTFGL
D];LATDF\ ;50FI[, CX[4 SM. SM.GM DNNUFZ YX[ GCP
lSIFDTGM lNJ; S[ H[ 5RF; CZ s5_4___f JZ;GM CX[
T[ VF 5Z[ X FGLGL CF,TDF\ ,UEU V0WM 5;FZ Y. HX[ P CJ[
DCXZJF/FVM D\+6F SZX[ S[ VF56M SM. l;OFZXL XMWJM [.V[
S[ H[ VF56G[ VF D] ; LATDF\ Y L K} 8 SFZM V5FJ[ P ,MSM 50TF
GL 5F;[ CFHZ YX[P VG[ Vh" SZX[
VY0FTF ChZT VFND
S[4 C[ ChZT VFND VF5 VA], AXZ KMP B]NF TVF,FV[ TDG[
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
080
ODF"J[ K[ S[ ov
VgJFZ], CNLQ
081
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
5[Hv$_(f
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
5[Hv#(Zf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
AL 5|SFZGL XOFVT o V[S SF{DG[ JUZ lC;FA[ HgGTDF\
NFB, SZJF DF8[ CX[ VG[ VF XOFVT 56 VF56F 5{U\AZ ;ZSFZ[
VSN;
GF DF8[ ;FlAT K[P VG[ S[8,FS ,MSMGL GS VF
XOFVT C]h}Z
GL ;FY[ H BF; K[P
+L 5|SFZGL XOFVT o T[ ,MSMGF AFZFDF\ YX[ S[ H[DGL
G[SLVM VG[ A]ZF.VM ;ZBL CX[ VG[ XOFVTGL .DNFNYL HgGTDF\
HX[P
RMYF 5|SFZGL XOFVT o T[ ,MSMGF DF8[ CX[ S[ H[VM
NMhBGF CNFZ Y> R}IF CX[P TM C]h}Z
XOFVT ODF"JLG[
T[DG[ HgGTDF\ 5CM\RF0X[P
5F\RDF 5|SFZGL XOFVT o DT"AFGL A],\NL VG[ A]h]UL"DF\
JWFZFGF DF8[ YX[P
KF 5|SFZGL XOFVT o T[ U]G[CUFZMGF DF8[ YX[ S[
H[VM HCgGDDF\ 5CM\RL R}IF CX[ VG[ XOFVTGF SFZ6[ GLS/L
VFJX[ P VG[ VF XOFVTDF\ VgI V\ l AIFV[ lSZFD
4
OlZxTFVM4 VFl,DM VG[ XCLNM 56 XZLS YX[P
;FTDF 5|SFZGL XOFVT o HgGT BM,JFGF AFZFDF\
YX[ P
VF9DF 5|SFZGL XOFVT o T[ ,MSMGF VhFADF\ 38F0F
;\A\W[ YX[ S[ H[VM SFIDL VhFAGF CNFZ CX[P
GJDF 5|SFZGL XOFVT o BF; SZLG[ DNLGF
D] G jJZFJF/FVM VG[ ;ZSFZ[ VSN;GF ZMhV[ VgJZGL lhIFZT
SZGFZFVMGF DF8[ lJlX TZLSF 5Z YX[P sVxVT], ,dVFT4 EFUv$4
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
XOFVT ODF"JX[P
s#f XOFVT C K[ T[GM .gSFZ ANDhCAL TYF U]DZFCL K[P
H[D S[ ChZT X{B VaN],C D]Cl NC[<JL A]BFZL
ODF"J[
K[ S[ o XOFVTGM .gSFZ lANVT TYF U]DZFCL K[ H[D S[ BFZ
TYF S[8,FS DMVTh,L T[GL TZO UIF K[P sVxVT], ,dVFT4 EFUv$4
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
083
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
HgGTG]\ AIFG
ZP ChZT A]ZLNF
#P ChZT VG;
V[ S]\ S[ Z;},[ SZLD
V[ ODF"jI]\
S[4 [ HgGTLVMGL :+LVMDF\GL SM. :+L [ HDLGGL TZO
hF\S[ TM VF;DFGYL HDLG ;]WL 5|SFXDI Y. I VG[
HDLGYL VF;DFG ;]WLG]\ ;J" JFTFJZ6 ;]U\lWT Y. I4
VG[ T[GF DM-FGL VM-6L N]lGIF VG[ N]lGIFDF\ H[ SF\. K[ T[
;J"YL A[CTZ K[P sA]BFZL4 lDxSFTf
$P ChZT ;VN .aG[ VAL JF;
YL lZJFIT K[ S[
GAL SZLD
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[4 [ HgGTGL RL[DF\YL GB
AZFAZ SM. RLH C[Z Y. I TM VF;DFG TYF HDLGGL
VF;5F;GF EFUM T[GFYL ; p9[P VG[ [ HgGTLVMDF\YL
SM. Xb; sN]lGIFGL TZOf hF\S[ s0MSLI]\ SZ[f VG[ T[GF
S\UG C[Z Y. I sN[BFI VFJ[f TM T[GM 5|SFX ;}ZHGF
5|SFXG[ lD8FJL N[ H[D S[ TFZFVMGF 5|SFXG[ ;}ZH lD8FJL
N[ K[P slTlD"hL XZLO4 lDxSFT XZLOf
5P ChZT VA} ;.N TYF VA} C]Z{ZC
YL lZJFIT K[ S[
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
SFlOZG]\ VFDF,GFD] KFTL TM0LG[ T[GM 0FAM CFY T[GL 5L9 5FK/
SF-LG[ 5L9GL 5FK/ VF5JFDF\ VFJX[P sACFZ[ XZLVTf
s*f lC;FA C K[ VG[ T[GM D]gSZ s.gSFZ SZGFZf SFlOZ
K[ P
s(f DLhFG C K[4 T[GF 5Z ,MSMGF E,F TYF A]ZF VD,M
[BJFDF\ VFJX[P G[SL VYJF ANLG]\ 5<,] EFZ[ YJFGM V[ DT,A
K[ S[ p5Z p9[ V[8,[ S[ N]lGIFGF H[JM DFD,M YX[ GC S[ H[ EFZ[
CMI K[ T[ h]S[ K[P sACFZ[ XZLVTf
s)f C]h}Z[ VSN;
G[ B]NF TVF,F DSFD[ DCD}N VTF
ODF"JX[ S[ TDFD VjJ,LG TYF VFBZLG VF5GL TFZLO SZX[P
s!_f ;ZSFZ[ VSN;
G[ V[S h\0M VF5JFDF\ VFJX[ H[G]\
GFD l,JFV[ CdN K[P ChZT VFND
YL ,.G[ lSIFDT ;]WLGF
;J" DMclDGM V[ h\0FGL GLR[ CX[P
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
084
085
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
,[BS
o ChZT DF{,FGF ANZ], SFNZL lD:AFCL sCM,[g0f
VG]JFNS o 58[, XaALZ V,L ZhJL NIFNZJL
5|SFXS o .:,FlDS J[ < O[ Z lDXG4 D] F P NIFNZF4 TFP lHP E~R4
U] H ZFTv.g0IF4 l5Gv#)Z_Z_4 OMG o s_Z&$Zf
Z(Z)!!4 Z(Z*)Z4 DMP )$Z*$ &$$!!
A[XS ISLGG cc.:,FD lJ XF\lTGM lDGcc K[P VFH[ 5}ZF
lJDF\ lJX[To I}ZM5 TYF VD[lZSFDF\ T[GL ;FY[ ,MSM .:,FDG[ :JLSFZL
ZF K[P H[JL ZLT[ VZG[ XLXLDF\ NFALG[ OL8 A\W SZL N[JFDF\ VFJ[ KTF\
T[GL B]xA] O[,FIF lJGF ZC[TL GYL T[D I}ZM54 VD[lZSFGF TYF lJEZGF
.;F.4 IC}NL TYF D]xZSMGF .:,FD lJ~GF H}9F N]Q5|RFZGL VlTXITF
KTF\ .:,FDGL CFlGITGL B]xA] lJEZDF\ J[ZF. ZCL K[ VG[ .:,FDGM
VeIF; SZGFZF O8FO8 .:,FDDF\ NFB, Y. ZF K[P
lJZMWLVMV[ .:,FDYL ,MSMG[ N}Z ZFBJF TZC TZCGF JF\WFVM
p9FJLG[ ,MSMG[ E0SFJJF VYFU 5|IF;M SIF" K[P IFZ[S H[CFNGM U,T
VY" NXF"JLG[ T[GL ;FD[ JF\WM p9FJ[ K[ TM IFZ[S .:,FDL ;VM ;FD[
JF\WM p9FJ[ K[ TM IFZ[S .:,FD[ :+LVMG[ VlWSFZMDF\ 5FK/ ZFBL K[
sDVFh<,FC f JU[Z[ JF\WFVM p9FJ[ K[P V[ ;J"GM ;\TMSFZS .DFGJW"S
HJFA VF lSTFADF\ JF\RL .DFGG[ TFH] SZMP
VFH[ H D\UFJM VG[ U{ZMG[ 56 J\RFJLG[ .:,FDGL ;rRF. T[DGL
;D 5[X SZMP ,FIA[|ZLVM4 D;F4 NFZ], p,}DMG[ E[8 DMS,L ;JFA
SDFVMPMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
086
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
ALJLVM CX[ VG[ T[DG[ V[JF TFH D/X[ S[ T[DF\G]\ V[S ;FDFgI DMTL
VFBL N]lGIFG[ 5|SFXDI SZL N[X[P
s#f HgGTLVM VF5;DF\ D],FSFT SZJF .rKX[ TM V[SGM TbT
ALGL 5F;[ VF5MVF5 HTM ZC[X[P
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
Z;},[ SZLD
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[4 5MSFZGFZ 5MSFZLG[ SC[X[ S[4 sC[
HgGTJF/FVM f TD[ T\N]~:T ZC[XM4 SNL ALDFZ YFXM GCP TD[
JTF ZC[XM VG[ SNL D'tI] 5FDXM GCP TD[ I]JFG ZC[XM VG[ SNL
J' YFXM GCP VG[ VFZFDYL ZC[XM4 SNL DC[GT S[ TS,LO J[9XM
GCP sD]:,D XZLO4 lDxSFT XZLOf
&P ChZT lAZ
V[ S]\ S[ ;ZSFZ[ VSN;
V[ ODF"jI]\
S[ HgGTLVM HgGTDF\ BFX[ VG[ 5LX[ 5Z\T] G Y}X[ G 5[XFA S[
5FBFG] SZX[ VG[ G T[VMG[ ,8 VFJX[P ;CFALVMV[ Vh" SZL S[4
BF6FGM V\D XM YX[ m C]h}Z
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[ sVFZFDNFISf
VM0SFZ VFJX[ VG[ V[JM 5Z;[JM VFJX[ H[ D]xSGL ;]U\WGL H[D
CX[ VG[ ;]aCFG<,FlC J<CdN]l,<,FC SC[JFG]\ HgGTLVMGF lN,MDF\
GFBL N[JFDF\ VFJX[ sH[ T[DGL EM 56 VF5MVF5 RF,] CX[f
H[D S[ F; RF,[ K[P sD]:,D XZLO4 lDxSFT XZLOf
087
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
NMhBG]\ AIFG
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
&P ChZT VA} C]Z{ZC
V[ S]\ S[ Z;},[ SZLD
V[
ODF"jI]\ S[4 NMhBDF\ S[J/ ANG;LA H NFB, YX[P 5}KJFDF\ VFjI]\
S[4 IF Z;},<,FC ANG;LA SM6 K[ m ODF"jI]\4 ANG;LA T[ Xb;
K[ S[ H[ 6 [ B] N FGL B] x G} N L 5| F %T SZJF DF8[ T[ G L .TFVT
sVF7F5F,Gf G SZL VG[ B]NF TVF,FG[ BFTZ U]GFC G KM0IFP
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
088
VgJFZ], CNLQ
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
089
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
J]h}
!P ChZT VA} DFl,S VxVZL
5P ChZT pQDFG
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
U/FDF\ H.G[ U]\RJ6 GFBX[4 T[G[ pTFZJF DF8[ 5F6L DF\UX[ TM T[DG[
V[J]\ pS/T] 5F6L VF5JFDF\ VFJX[ S[ DM-FGL GS 5CM\RTF\ H
DM-FGL AWL RFD0L T[DF\ BZL 50X[ VG[ 5[8DF\ HTF\ H VF\TZ0F\GF
8]S0[ 8]S0F SZL GFBX[4 H[ Z;FGL DFOSGF T[GF 5UMGL TZOYL JCLG[
GLS/X[P sACFZ[ XZLVTf
s&f HCgGDLVM UW[0FGF VJFHGL H[D RL;M 5F0LG[ Z0X[P
5|YD VF\;}\VM GLS/X[P IFZ[ VF\;}\VM 5}ZF\ Y. HX[ TM ,MCL JC[X[P
Z0TF\ Z0TF\ UF,MDF\ BF.VMGL H[D BF0FVM 50L HX[P Z0JFG] ,MCL
TYF 5~ V[8,F 5|DF6DF\ CX[ S[ T[DF\ GFJ0LVM sSxTLVMf GFBJFDF\
VFJ[ TM RF,JF ,FU[P sV<,FCGL 5GFC f
D];,DFGM HCgGD 5Z .DFGGM NFJM K[ TM HCgGDGL
S96F.VMGL VF TM V[S h,S K[ DF8[ ;D[ VG[ D];,DFG TZLS[
JTF\ XLBM GC TM X]\ VF VhFAM J[9JFGL lCdDT TDFZFDF\ K[ m
V<,FCGL 5GFC
090
091
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
UZNG TZOYL NFB, SZ[ VG[ ;FD[ SF-[P 5KL A\G[ CFYM 5Z SM6LVM
;D[T 5F6L RM50LG[ 5|YD HD6F CFY 5Z VG[ 5KL 0FAF CFY 5Z
GBGL 8MRYL X~ SZLG[ SM6LVMGL p5Z ;]WL JF/ VG[ RFD0LG[
NZ[S EFU 5Z +6JFZ 5F6L JCFJ[P 5KL DFYFGM D;C V[ ZLT[ SZ[
S[ A\G[ CFYMGF V\U}9F VG[ S<DFGL VF\U/LVMG[ KM0LG[ AFSLGL +6
+6 VF\U/LVMGF\ K[0F lD,FJLG[ 5[XFGLGF JF/ pUJFGL HUFV[
ZFB[ VG[ DFYFGF p5ZGF EFU[ AMRL GS sU]Lf ;]WL VF\U/LVMGF
5[8 J0[ D;C SZTF\ SZTF\ ,. I VG[ CY[/LVM DFYFYL Vl,%T
ZFB[P 5KL tIF\YL CY[/LVM J0[ DFYFGF A\G[ 5F;\FVMG[ D;C SZTF\
SZTF\ 5[XFGL ;]WL sCFYf 5FKF ,FJ[P VYJF +6 +6 VF\U/LVM
DFYFGF VFU,F EFU[ ZFB[ VG[ CY[/LVM DFYFGF 5F;F\VM 5Z HDFJLG[
U] L ;] W L B[ \ R LG[ ,. I VG[ A;P 5KL tIFZ AFN S<DFGL
VF\ U /LVMGF 5[ 8 J0[ SFGGF V\ N ZGF EFUGM D;C SZ[ VG[
VF\ U /LVMGL 5L9 J0[ UZNGGM D;C SZ[P 5KL 5UM 5Z 3}\8L ;CLT
5F6L RM50[ VG[ 5|YD HD6F 5U[ 5KL 0FAF 5U[ VF\U/LVM TZOYL
3}\8LGL p5Z ;]WL NZ[S JF/ VG[ RFD0LGM NZ[S EFU 5Z +6 +6
JFZ 5F6L JCFJ[ VG[ VF\U/LVMDF\ 0FAF CFYGL 8R,L VF\U/L J0[ V[
ZLT[ SZ[ S[ HD6F 5UGL 8R,L VF\U/LYL X~ SZLG[ V\U}9F 5Z BtD SZ[
VG[ 0FAF 5UDF\ V\U}9FYL X~ SZL 5UGL 8R,L VF\U/L 5Z BtD SZ[
VG[ NZ[S VJIJ WMTL JBT[ N]~N XZLO 5-TF ZC[J]\ VOh, K[P
H~ZL ;}RGF o s!f SM. V\UG[ WMJFGM DT,A V[ K[ S[ T[
V\UGF NZ[S EFU 5Z SD;[ SD A[ 8L5F\ 5F6L JCL IP sACFZ[
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
092
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
093
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
s#f 36F ,MSM V[J]\ SZ[ K[ S[ GFS S[ VF\B S[ EJF\ 5Z BMAM
5F6L KF,S DFZLG[ VFBF DM-F 5Z CFY O[ZJL ,[ K[ VG[ ;DH[ K[ S[
DM-] WMJF. UI]\P [ S[ 5F6LG[ p5Z R-FJJFGM SM. DT,A GYL4 V[
ZLT[ DM-] WMJFYL DM-] WMJFT] GYL VG[ J]h} GYL YT]\P
s$f J]h} SZJFDF\ GLR[ D]HAGL JFTMGL ;FJR[TL H~ZL K[ ov
5[XFGL p5Z JF/ DJFGL HUFV[YL 5F6LG]\ JC[J]\ Oh" K[P NF-L4
D}\K VG[ EJF\GF JF/ [ V[8,F VMKF CMI S[ GLR[GL RFD0L h,STL
sN[BF. VFJTLf CMI TM RFD0L 5Z 5F6L JCFJJ]\ H~ZL K[4 S[J/
JF/MG[ WMJ] \ 5} Z T] GYLP VF\ B V\ N Z 3] ; [ , L CMI TM VF\ B VG[
EJF\VMGF DwIGF EFU 5Z 5F6L JCFJJFGM BF; BIF, ZFB[P DM-]
WMTL JBT[ VF\BM VG[ CM9 JF/LG[ [ZYL A\W G SZ[ GC TM VD]S
EFU ZCL HX[ TM J]h} G YX[P S[8,LS JBT[ VF\BDF\ SLR0 s%IFf
JU[Z[ S96 AGLG[ DL I K[ T[G[ KM0FJLG[ 5F6L JCFJJ]\ H~ZL
K[P RC[ZM VG[ SFGGM DwI EFU V[8,[ SFG5L 5Z SFGGF lSGFZF
;]WL 5F6L JCFJJ]\ Oh" K[ H[GFYL 36[ EFU[ ,MSM lGQSF/ ;[J[ K[P
G;SMZFDF\ ,8 JU[Z[ CMI S[ G CMI UD[ T[D 56 T[DF\ 5F6L GFBJ]\
H~ZL K[P H[8,L NF-L RC[ZFGL CNDF\ CMI T[G[ WMJ]\ Oh" K[P VG[
,8S[ , L NF-LG[ D;C SZJM ;] g GT VG[ WMJ] \ D] : TCA K[ P 5F6L
JCFJJFDF\ VF\U/LVMGF J[-F\VM VG SZJ8MGM ,[CFH H~ZL K[P BF;
SZLG[ 5UMDF\4 S[D S[ T[GL VF\U/LVM S]NZTL ZLT[ RL5SL ZC[,L CMI
K[P JW[,F GBMDF\ H[ HUF BF,L CMI T[G[ WMJ]\ H~ZL K[P GBMGL
8MRMYL SM6LVMGL p5Z ;]WL CFYGL NZ[S AFH] VG[ V[S V[S JF/GF
D}/YL 8MR ;]WL WMJF. HJ]\ H~ZL K[P BMAFDF\ 5F6L ,.G[ 5CM\RF
sS,F.f 5Z p,8FJL N[ J ] \ SNL 5} Z T] G YX[ P SM6LVM 5Z 5F6L
JCFJJFGM BF; BIF, ZFB[ S[D S[ lGQSF/DF\ DM8[ EFU[ WMJFTL
GYL S[J/ ELGL Y.G[ ZCL I K[ A<S[ S[8,FS ,MSMGL SM6LVM TM
ELGL 56 GYL YTLP J8L4 A\U0L4 S,F.GF 3Z[6F\ VG[ 5UMGF NZ[S
T[ 3Z[6F\ H[ 3}\8L 5Z S[ 3}\8L GLR[ CMI T[G[ B;[0LG[ T[GL GLR[ 5F6L
JCFJJ]\ H~ZL K[P VFBF DFYFGM D;C ;]gGT K[ VG[ RMYF EFUGF
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
8L5] 5;FZ G Y. I tIF\ ;]WL J]h} YX[ GCP
VG[ .GFIC XZC[ lCNFICDF\ K[ ov
sVY"f o H[ V\UG[ WMJ]\ Oh" K[ T[G[ S[J/ 5F6L JCFJLG[ EHJL
N[JFYL Oh" VNF G YX[4 H[YL H[ ,MSM J]h} SZTL J[/F V\UM 5Z T[,GL
H[D 5F6L S[J/ RM50L ,[ K[ VYJF VD]S EFU 5Z TM 5F6L JCFJ[
K[ VG[ VG[ VD]S EFUG[ S[J/ EHJLG[ KM0L N[ K[P NFPTP 5[XFGLGF
p5,F EFU4 SFGGF lSGFZF4 CFYGL SM6LVM VG[ 5UGL 3}\8LVM 5Z
S[J/ ELGM CFY O[ZJL ,[ K[ VG[ 5F6L GYL JCFJTF T[DG]\ J]h} YT]
GYL4 V[8,F DF8[ S[ S]VF"G[ SZLD[ V\UMG[ WMJF DF8[GM C]SD VF%IM
K[ H[YL S[J/ ELGF\ SZJFYL J]h} YX[ GCP
VO;M; ;[\S0M VO;M; VFH[ VJFD s;FDFgI ,MSMf TM
VJFD 36F BZF BF; ,MSM 56 VF D:V,FYL ,F5FZJFCL JT[" K[
VG[ VFIT[ SZLDF
sVD,M SZ[
TS,LOM p9FJ[ sAN,M X]\ CX[f E/STL VFUDF\ HX[fGF lD:NFS AG[
K[P sV<,FCGL 5GFC f
sZf IFZ[ GFGF JF;6YL NFPTP ,M8F S[ ANGF J0[ J]h} SZL ZM
CMI TM SF\0F ;]WL CFY WMJFGM D:G}G TZLSM V[ K[ S[ 5|YD A\G[ SF\0FVM
;]WL B}A ELG] SZL ,[4 tIFZ AFN 0FAF CFYDF\ JF;6 p9FJLG[ HD6F
CFY 5Z GBGL 8MRYL SF\0FGL p5Z ;]WL +6 JFZ 5F6L JCFJ[P 5KL V[
H ZLT[ HD6F CFYDF\ JF;6 p9FJLG[ 0FAF CFY 5Z SF\0FGL p5Z ;]WL
+6JFZ 5F6L JCFJ[P H[D S[ XZC[ JSFIF4 EFUv!4 DNL SFG5]Z4
5[Hv5)4 TCTFJL lD:ZL4 5[Hv5)4 OTFJFV[ VF,DULZL4 EFUv!4
lD:ZL4 5[Hv& VG[ .GFIC J lSOFIC X]Z}C[ lCNFICDF\ K[ ov
094
095
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
5F6L CMI K[P DM8F EFUGF ,MSM H[VM J]h} JUZGF CMI K[ T[VM
CFY WMIF JUZ GFGF JF;6 J0[ sT[DF\YLf 5F6L SF-TL J[/F VF\U/LGF
5}ZF GBM 5F6LDF\ AM/L N[TF CMI K[4 VF ZLT[ T[ 5F6L D]:TVD,
sJ5ZFI[,]f Y. I K[ T[GFYL J]h} SZJ]\ .h GYLP
s!_f 0M,4 AF<NL4 30M4 ,M8M S[ 5F8GF 5F6LDF\ J]h} JUZGF
DF6;GF J6WFJFV[ , F CFYGF GB S[ VF\ U /LG] \ 8[ Z J] \ RF<I] I
s0AM/F. If TM 5F6L D]:TVD, Y. UI]\4 T[GF J0[ J]h} SZJ]\
.h GYLP VG[ [ 5|YD CFY WM. ,LWM TM H[ lC:;M WMJF. R}S[,M
K[ T[G[ 5F6LDF\ 0}AF0L XSFI K[4 T[GF J0[ 5F6L D]:TVD, YX[ GCP
5Z\T] [ CFY WM. ,LWF 5KL SM. ;AA J]h} T}8JFGM [JF D/[ H[D
S[ CJF ;ZL S[ 5[XFA SIM" TM CJ[ T[ CFY sOZL WMIF lJGFf GFBX[ TM
5F6L D]:TVD, Y. HX[P
s!!f D]:TVD, 5F6LG[ J]h}G[ ,FIS AGFJJFGL ZLT[ V[ K[
S[ 4 H[ 5F6L D] : TVD, G CMI T[ G [ D] : TV D , 5F6LDF\ V[ 8 ,F
5| D F6DF\ E[ U ] SZL N[ J FDF\ VFJ[ S[ D] : TV D , YM0] \ VG[ U{ Z
D]:TVD, VlWS Y. IP VYJF D]:TVD,JF/F 5F+DF\ U{Z
D]:TVD, V[8,]\ Z[0JFDF\ VFJ[ S[ T[ 5F+ K,SF.G[ 5F6L JC[JF
DF\0[ TM AW]\ 5F6L J]h}G[ ,FIS Y. HX[P sN]Z[" D]bTFZ4 Z], D]CTFZf
s!Zf GBG]\ 5M,LX JF5I] H[GFYL GBM 5Z 5FT/] 50 DL
UI]\ TM [ GBMYL 5M,LX ;FO SIF" JUZ J]h} SI] TM J]h} YX[ GCP
s!#f .:TghFGF JW[,F 5F6L J0[ J]h} SZJ]\ .h K[4 T[G[ O[\SL
N[J]\ GF.h TYF U]GMC K[P
s!$f J]h}GF JW[,F 5F6LG[ O[\SL N[J]\ CZFD K[ VG[ pEF Y.G[
5LJ]\ ;JFA K[P
s!5f H[ J]h} HGFhFGL GDFh DF8[ SZJFDF\ VFjI]\ T[GFYL NZ[S
GDFh 5-L XSFX[P
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
DFYFGM D;C Oh" K[P S[8,FS ,MSM S[J/ VF\U/LVMGF\ 8[ZJF\ DFYF
5ZYL 5;FZ SZL N[ K[ H[ Oh"GF DF5 AZFAZ 56 GYL YT]\P VG[
S[8,FS ,MSMGM D;C V[ K[ S[ 8M5L p9FJLG[ 5KL DFYF 5Z ZFBL N[
K[ VG[ A;P VFJF ,MSMG]\ J]h} YT]\ GYL VG[ T[DGL GDFhM A[SFZ
YFI K[P 5UM WMJFDF\ 3}\8L4 T/LIF\4 V[0LVM VG[ sSF\0Ff 5CM\RFGM
BF; ZLT[ BIF, ZFBM S[D S[ lGQSF/DF\ V[ EFUM WMJFGF ZCL I
K[ VG[ J]h} YT] GYLP
s5f J]h}GF NZ[S V\UM 5Z +6JFZ 5F6L JCFJJ]\ ;]gGT K[4
E,[ +6JFZ 5F6L JCFJJF DF8[ S[8,FI BMAF EZJF 50[P V[8,F
DF8[ S[ +6 BMAF 5F6L ,[J]\ ;]gGT GYL A<S[ VFBF V\U 5Z +6JFZ
5F6L JCFJJ]\ ;]gGT K[P H[D S[ N]Z[" D]bTFZ DV XFDL4 EFUv!4
sK[J8 ;]WLf
5[Hv(#DF\ K[ o
H[YL +6 BMAF 5F6L ,[JFG[ ;]gGT ;DHJ]\ U,TL K[P
s&f J]h}GF 5F6LGF DF8[ XZVG SM. DF5 GL GYLP H[D S[
lDSF"T XZC[ lDxSFT4 EFUv!4 5[Hv#Z& DF\ K[ ov
H[YL
V[8,] AW]\ 5F6L G JF5Z[ S[ O]h},BRL" YFI VG[ G V[8,]\ VMK]
JF5Z[ S[ ;]gGT VNF G YFIP S[8,FS ,MSM S[J/ V[S GFGF ;ZBF
,M8FGF 5F6L J0[ J]h} AGFJJFGM 5|ItG SZ[ K[4 T[DG[ B]NF TVF,F
WMJF VG[ EHJJFGM OZS ;DHJFGL TF{OLS VTF ODF"J[P sVFDLGf
s*f [ V[8,]\ 5F6L G CMI S[ J]h}DF\ NZ[S V\UG[ +6JFZ WM.
XSFI TM A[ A[ JFZ W}V[ VG[ [ A[ A[ JFZ 5}ZT] 5F6L G CMI TM V[S
V[S JFZ W}V[ VG[ [ V[8,] 56 G CMI S[ DM-] VG[ A\G[ CFYM SM6LV[
;lCT VG[ A\G[ 5UM 3}\8LVM ;CLT V[SJFZ WM. XS[ TM CJ[ TIdD]D
SZLG[ GDFh 5-[P
s(f VgIGF GFAFl,U 5]+ 5F;[ JUZ DHN}ZLV[ 5F6L EZFJLG[
J]h} SZJ]\ VYJF SM. VgI SFDDF\ ,[J]\ .h GYLP sACFZ[ XZLVTf
N]Z[" D]bTFZ DV XFDL4 EFUv$DF\ 5[Hv5#!DF\ K[ ov
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
096
ZP ChZT V,L
V[ S]\ S[ C]h}Z
V[
ODF"jI]\ S[ H[ Xb; VF0M 50LG[ 3L I T[GF 5Z J]h} JFlHA K[
V[8,F DF8[ S[ IFZ[ DF6; 3L I K[ TM T[GF ;F\WF -L,F 50L I
K[P slTlD"hL4 VA} NFNf
R[TJ6L o s!f V\lAIFV[ lSZFD
G]\ 3J]\ J]h} TM0T]\
GYLP V[8,F DF8[ S[ T[DGL VF\BM ;}V[ K[ VG[ lN, U'T ZC[ K[P
sACFZ[ XZLVT4 EFUvZ4 5[Hv!_*f
097
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
sACFZ[ XZLVTf
,[BS
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
5MTFG]\ S[ 5ZFIFG]\ ;TZ [JFYL J]h} HT] ZC[ K[4 TM V[ ;CLC GYLP
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
098
!P ChZT VG;
ZP ChZT VG;
099
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
.:Tg
NFNf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
ShFV[ CFHTGM .ZFNM ODF"JTF TM IF\ ;]WL A[;TF\ A[;TF\ HDLGGL
GS G 5CM\RL HTF tIF\ ;]WL S50] G B;[0TFP slTlD"hL XZLO4 VA}
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
100
101
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
!P ChZT VF.XF
sA]BFZL4 D]:,Df
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
JF/MGF D}/M ELGF SZTF 5KL DFYF 5Z A\G[ CFYM J0[ +6 BMAF
5F6L GFBTF 5KL TDFD XZLZ 56 5F6L JCFJTFP VG[ .DFD
D]:,DGL lZJFITDF\ K[ S[ C]h}Z sIFZ[ U]:,f X~ ODF"JTF TM CFYMG[
JF;6DF\ GFBTF\ 5C[,F\ WM. ,[TF 5KL HD6F CFY J0[ 0FAF CFY
5Z 5F6L GFBTF tIFZ AFN 5MTFGL XD"UFC WMTF 5KL J]h} ODF"JTFP
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
102
#P ChZT lAZ
103
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
!P ChZT D]VFlJIC
G]\ GFD
D]AFZS ;F\E/LG[ V\U}9F R}DJF VG[ VF\BMYL ,UF0JF D]:TCA K[P
TCTFJL V,, DZFSLI], O,FC4 lD:ZL4 5[Hv!ZZ VG[ N]Z[" D]bTFZ4
EFUv!4 lD:ZL4 5[HvZ*)DF\ K[ o ccD]:TCA K[ S[ IFZ[ VhFGDF\
5C[,LJFZ VxCN]VgG D]CdDNZ";},]<,FC ;F\E/[ TM ;<,<,FC]
V,{S IF Z;},<,FC SC[ VG[ IFZ[ ALJFZ ;F\E/[ TM S]Z"T]
V{GLlAS IF Z;},<,FC VG[ 5KL SC[ V<,FC]dD DlVGL
lA:;dV J<A;Z4 VG[ VFJ]\ V\U}9FGF GBMG[ VF\BM 5Z ZFbIF
5MTFGL ;FY[ T[G[ HgGTDF\ ,.
AFN YFI4 GAL VSZD
HX[ P cc V[ H 5|DF6[ Sgh], V[AFNDF\ K[P VF DhD}G s,BF6f
V<,FDF SC:TFGLG]\ K[ VG[ V[ H D]HA OTFJFV[ ;}lOICDF\ K[P
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
AFN ChZT D]VFlJICV[ T[ H S]\ H[ D]VhlhG[ S]\P 5KL ChZT
D]VFlJIC
V[ S]\ S[4 D[\ C]h}Z
G[ SC[TF\ ;F\E?I]\ S[4
VF5 V[ H ZLT[ ODF"JTF CTFP sVCDN4 lDxSFTf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
104
105
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
JSFIC4 EFUv!4 DNL4 5[Hv!#&DF\ K[ o .DFD VG[ D]STNL
CiI V,:;,FC SC[JFGF ;DI[ pEF YFI VG[ lDSF"T XZC[ lDxSFT4
EFUv!4 5[Hv$!)DF\ K[4 .DFD VG[ D]STNL C{I V,, O,FC
J[ / F pEF YFIP VG[ X{ B VaN] , C D] C l NC[ < JL
VxVT] , ,dVFT4 EFUv!4 5[ H v#Z!DF\ ODF" J [ K[ S[ O] S CFV[
lSZFD sOSLCMfV[ ODF"jI]\ S[4 DhCA V[ K[ S[ CiI V,:;,FCGF
;DI[ p9J]\ [.V[P
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
EFUv!4 lD:ZL4 5[Hv5#DF\ K[ ov sVZAL VG]JFNf o ccTQJLA
D]TFbB[ZLGGL GS GDFhG[ DF8[ ;FZL K[ l;JFI DUlZAPcc V[ H
5| D F6[ X{ B VA] , DSFlZDGL XZC[ GSFIFDF\ K[ 4 VG[ VF
D]VhlhGG]\ NMCZFJJ]\ K[ BAZGL TZO ;,FT FZF VhFG VG[
.SFDT JrR[P V\T[ TQJLA NZ[S XC[ZGF DF8[ T[ H K[ H[G[ T[ ,MSMV[
lZJFH AGFJLP IF\ TM ccTGCC]lBcc VYJF ccV:;,FTvV:;,FTcc
VYJF ccSFDTvSFDTcc FZF V[8,F DF8[ S[ VF BAZDF\ JWFZM SZJ]\
K[P VG[ A[XS V[ CF\;, Y. I K[ NZ[S T[ RLHYL H[G[ T[ ,MSM
lZJFH SZ[P V[ H 5|DF6[ SFOLDF\ K[Pcc lDSF"T], XZC[ G}Z], .hFDF\
VG[ lDSF"T XZC[ lDxSFT4 lH<Nv!4 5[Hv$!(DF\ D]<,F V,L SFZL
V[ V[ H VY"DF\ ,bI]\ K[P VG[ N]Z[" D]bTFZ DV[ Z],
D]CTFZ4 lH<Nv!4 5[HvZ*#DF\ VhFG AFN BF; ;,FTM ;,FD
;\A\W[ B],F;M ODF"JTF\ ,bI]\ K[ S[4 VhFG 5KL V:;,FT] J:;,FD]
V,{S IF Z;},<,FC 5-J]\ DFC[ ZALp, VFlBZ *(! lCP DF\
X~ YI]\ VG[ VF A[CTZLG X~VFT sp5:YTLf K[P
s5f .SFDTGF ;DI[ SM. Xb; sD:HNDF\f VFjIM TM T[6[
pEF ZCLG[ ZFC [ J L DS~C K[ 4 A<S[ A[ ; L I VG[ D] S aAZ
sTSALZ SC[GFZf IFZ[ CiI V,:;,FCvCiI V,, O,FC 5Z
5CM\R[ T[ JBT[ pEF YFIP OTFJF VF,DULZL4 EFUv!4 lD:ZL4
5[Hv5#DF\ K[ ov sVZALGM VY" p5Z D]HA K[Pf
VG[ N]Z[" D]bTFZ4 EFUv!4 5[Hv#(_DF\ 56 V[ H VY"DF\ K[P
s&f H[ ,MSM TSALZGF ;DI[ D:HNDF\ CFHZ K[ T[VM 56
A[;[,F ZC[ VG[ IFZ[ D]SaAZ CiI V,:;,FCvCiI V,,
O,FC 5Z 5CM\R[ tIFZ p9[ VG[ V[ H C]SD .DFDGF DF8[ 56 K[P
OTFJF VF,DULZL4 EFUv!4 lD:ZL4 5[Hv5#DF\ K[ o p,DFV[
,FF .DFD[ VFchD4 .DFD VA} I} ; ] O VG[ .DFD D] C dDN
fGL GS .DFD TYF D]STNL T[ JBT[ pEF YFI IFZ[
s
S[ D]SaAZ CiI V,, O,FC SC[ VG[ V[ H ;CLC K[P VG[ XZC[
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
106
VgJFZ], CNLQ
ZP ChZT VA}hZ
YL lZJFIT
K[ S[ GAL SZLD
V[ V[S lNJ;[ GDFhGM p<,[B SIM" TM ODF"jI]\
S[4 H[ Xb; GDFhGL 5FA\NL SZX[ TM GDFh T[GF DF8[ G}ZGM
;AA AGX[4 .DFGGF SDF,GL N,L, YX[ VG[ lSIFDTGF
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
107
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
GDFh
5P ChZT V,L
V[ S]\ S[ C]h}Z
V[ DG[ ODF"jI]\
S[4 C[ V,L +6 SFDMDF\ JFZ G ,UF0XM4 V[S TM GDFh VNF SZJFDF\
IFZ[ S[ ;DI Y. I4 ALH]\ HGFhFDF\ IFZ[ S[ T[ T{IFZ CMI4 +LH]\
lJWJFGF lGSFCDF\ IFZ[ S[ T[ 6 LG[ T[ G F IMuI 5F+ D/L IP
slTlD" h Lf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
lNJ;[ AbXXGM hZLIM AGX[P VG[ H[ GDFhGL 5FA\NL GC
SZ[ T[GF DF8[ G TM G}ZGM ;AA YX[ G .DFGGF SDF,GL N,L, YX[
VG[ G AbXXGM hZLIMP VG[ T[ lSIFDTGF lNJ;[ SF~G4
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
108
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
JT"DFGSF/DF\ ;FDFgITo 5]~M 56 HZF ;ZBL TS,LODF\
A[;LG[ GDFh X~ SZL N[ K[P IFZ[ S[ DM0[ ;]WL pEF pEF VFD T[D
JFTM CF\SL ,[TF CMI K[4 T[DGL GDFh YTL GYLP V[8,F DF8[ S[
lSIFDGF AFZFDF\ :+L 5]~M DF8[ V[S ;ZBM H C]SD K[P
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
H D]bTFZDF\ K[P V[ H 5|DF6[ l;ZFlHICDF\ K[ VG[ V[ H ;CLC K[P
V[ H 5|DF6[ GSFICDF\ K[P
sZf l;HNFDF\ 5UGL V[S VF\U/LG]\ 5[8 HDLG ;FY[ ,FUJ]\
XT" K[ VG[ NZ[S 5UGL +6 +6 VF\U/LVMGF\ 5[8 ,F\UJF\ JFlHA
K[ TM [ SM.V[ V[ ZLT[ l;HNM SIM" S[ A[p 5UM HDLGYL p9[,F ZF
TM GDFh G Y.P sACFZ[ XZLVT4 EFUv#4 5[HvZ*) TYF OTFJFV[
110
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
TZFJLCG]\ AIFG
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
sVY"f o V<,FDF .aG[ VaN], AZV[ ODF"jI]\ S[ sZ_f ZSFT
TZFJLCf HDC}Z p,DFGM SF{, K[4 p,DFV[ S}OF4 .DFD XFO. VG[
DM8F EFUGF OSLCM V[ H 5|DF6[ ODF"J[ K[ VG[ V[ H ;CLC K[P
pAI .aG[ SVAYL DGS}, K[ S[4 V[DF\ ;CFALVMGM DTE[N GYLP
VG[ V<,FDF .aG[ CHZ[ ODF"jI]\ S[ ov
sVY"f o ;CFALVMGM V[ JFT 5Z .HDFVT K[ S[ TZFJLC
JL; sZ_f ZSFT K[P
VG[ DZFlSI], O,FC XZC[ G}Z], .hFCDF\ K[ ov
sVY"f o TZFJLC JL; sZ_f ZSFT K[ V[8,F DF8[ S[ T[GF 5Z
;CFAFV[ lSZFDGM .HDFV K[P
VG[ DF{,FGF VaN], CI ;FCA lOZ\UL DC,L pdNT]lZ"VFIC
CFlXIF XZC[ JSFIC4 EFUv!4 5[Hv!*5DF\ ,B[ K[ S[ ov
sVY" f o ChZT pDZ4 ChZT pQDFG VG[ ChZT V,L
fGF ;DIDF\ VG[ T[DGF 5KL 56 ;CFAFV[
s
lSZFDGM Z_ ZSFT TZFJLC 5Z V[CT[DFD ;FlAT K[P VF lJIGL
CNLG[ .DFD DFl,S4 .aG[ ;VN VG[ .DFD AICSL JU[Z[V[
,B[ K[ ov
TBZLH SZL K[ VG[ D]<,F V,L SFZL
sVY"f o ;CFAFV[ lSZFDGM V[ JFT 5Z .HDFV K[ S[ TZFJLC
JL; sZ_f ZSFT K[P slDSF"T4 EFUvZ4 5[Hv!*5f
JL; ZSFT HDC}ZGM SF{, K[ VG[ T[GF 5Z VD, K[ ov
ODF"J[ K[ ov
.DFD lTlD"hL
sVY"f o V;\bI p,DF sSLZ p,DFfGM T[GF VD, K[ H[ ChZT
DF{ , F V,L4 ChZT OF~S[ VFchD VG[ VgI ;CFALVM
f YSL JL; ZSFT TZFJLC DGS}, sGS, YI[,f
s
56
K[P VG[ ;]OIFG F{ZL4 .aG[ D]AFZS VG[ .DFD XFO.
V[J]\ H ODF"J[ K[ sS[ TZFJLC JL; ZSFT K[Pf VG[ .DFD XFO.
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[ VD[ VDFZF XC[Z DF XZLODF\ ,MSMG[ JL; ZSFT TZFJLC
5-TF\ [IF K[P slTlD"hL4 AFA[ lSIFD[ XCZ[ ZDhFG4 5[Hv))f
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
112
113
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
V[8,[ S[ Z_ ZSFT 5-FJLP
VG[ lSOFICDF\ K[ ov
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VG[ D]<,F V,L SFZL
XZC[ GSFICDF\ ,B[ K[ ov
sVY" f o JL; ZSFT TZFJLC DF8[ D] ; ,DFGMGM .[ O FS
sV[ S DlTf K[ V[ 8 ,F DF8[ S[ .DFD AICSLV[ ;CLC ;GNM J0[
lZJFIT SZL K[ P ChZT pDZ OF~S[ VFchD4 ChZT pQDFGUGL
fGF D]S; ;DIMDF\
VG[ ChZT DF{,F V,L s
;CFAFV[ lSZFD VG[ TFA[.G[ V[hFD JL; sZ_f ZSFT TZFJLC 5-IF
SZTF CTFP
VG[ TCTFJL V[,F DZFSLI], O,FC4 5[HvZZ$DF\ K[ ov
sVY"f o ChZT VA}A l;LS
l;JFI VgI B],OFV[
GF CD[ X F\ VD,YL Z_ ZSFT
ZFlXNLG
TZFJLC ;FlAT K[P VG[ V<,FDF .aG[ VFlANLG XFDL
,B[ K[ S[ ov
sVY"f o TZFJLC Z_ ZSFT K[ V[ H HDC}Z p,DFGM SF{, sSYGf
K[ VG[ 5}J" TYF 5lD VFBL N]lGIFGF D];,DFGMGM V[GF 5Z
VD, K[P sXFDL4 EFUv!4 lD:ZL4 5[Hv!5)f
VG[ X{B h{G]LG .aG[ GD
,B[ K[ ov
sVY"f o JL; ZSFT TZFJLC HDC}Z p,DFGM SF{, K[ V[8,F
YL
DF8[ S[ D]VF .DFD DFl,SDF\ ChZT IhLN .aG[ ~DFG
GF
lZJFIT K[P T[D6[ ODF"jI]\ S[4 ChZT pDZ OF~S[ VFchD
;DIDF\ ;CFAFV[ lSZFD +[JL; ZSFT 5-TF CTF sV[8,[ Z_ ZSFT
TZFJLC VG[ +6 ZSFT lJ+f VG[ V[ G F 5Z VFBL N] l GIFGF
D];,DFGMGM VD, K[P sACZ]"ZF.S4 EFUvZ4 5[Hv&&f
VG[ V[GFNC XZC[ lCNFICDF\ K[ ov
sVY"f o ChZT pDZ
GF 5|FZ\lES lB,FOTSF/ ;]WL
;CFALVM TZFJLC V,U V,U 5-TF CTFP AFNDF\ ChZT pDZ
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[4 V[S .DFD 5Z ;CFAFV[ lSZFDG[ V[S+ SZJFG]\
A[CTZ ;DH]\ K]\P 5KL T[D6[ ChZT pAI .aG[ SVA
5Z
;CFAFV[ lSZFDG[ V[S+ SIF"P ChZT pAI[ ,MSMG[ 5F\R TZJLCF
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
114
YL lZJFIT K[ S[ T[D6[
G[ .DFDGL ;FY[ lSV"T SZJFGF
ChZT hIN .aG[ FlAT
AFZFDF\ 5}KI]\ TM T[D6[ ODF"jI]\ S[ .DFDGL ;FY[ SM. 56 GDFhDF\
lSV"T .h GYL E,[ l;ZL" sWLD[f CMI S[ HCZL s[ZYLPf
ZP ChZT VA} D};F
V[ S]\ S[ Z;},[ SZLD
V[
ODF"jI]\ S[ IFZ[ TD[ GDFh 5-M TM TDFZL ;OM ;LWL SZM 5KL
TDFZFDF\YL SM. .DFDT SZ[ TM IFZ[ T[ TSALZ SC[ TM TD[ 56
TSALZ SCM VG[ IFZ[ T[ lSV"T SZ[ TM TD[ R}5 ZCMP sD]:,D XZLOf
#P ChZT lAZ .aG[ VaN]<,FC
V[ S]\ S[ Z;},[ SZLD
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
115
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[ H[ Xb; .DFDGL 5FK/ GDFh 5-[ TM .DFDGL
lT,FJT D]STNLGL H lT,FJT K[P sD]VF .DFD D]CdDN4 5[Hv))f
ChZT D]CdDN .aG[ D]GLV VG[ .DFD .aG[ CDFD[ ODF"jI]\ S[ VF
VF ;GNM D]:,D VG[ A]BFZL XT" 5Z ;CLC K[P
$P ChZT .aG[ pDZ
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[ H[ Xb; .DFDGL
5FK/ GDFh 5-[ TM .DFDGL lT,FJT T[GF DF8[ 5}ZTL K[P sD]VF
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
JL; ZSFTM CMJFDF\ lCSDT V[ K[ S[ JFlHA VG[ Oh" H[ ZFT lNJ;DF\
S], ZSFTM K[ T[GL TSDL,GF DF8[ ;]gGTM D]SZ"Z Y. K[ TM TZFJLC
56 Z_ ZSFT Y. H[YL SZLG[ D]SdD, SZGFZL TZFJLC VG[ H[GL
TSDL, YX[ V[8,[ S[ Oh" TYF JFlHA A\G[ AZFAZ Y. IP
VG[ DZFlSI], O,FCGF SF{, ccTZFJLC Z_ ZSFT K[ccGF C[9/
V<,FDF TCTFJL
,B[ K[ ov
sVY"f o Z_ ZSFT TZFJLC D]SZ"Z SZJFDF\ lCSDT V[ K[ S[4
D]SdD, SZGFZL ;]gGTM ZSFTM VG[ H[GL TSDL, YFI K[ V[8,[ Oh"
TYF JFlHAGL ZSFTMGL ;\bIF ;ZBL Y. IP
VG[ N]Z[" D]bTFZ DV XFDL4 EFUv!4 5[Hv$)5DF\ K[ ov
sVY"f o TZFJLC Z_ ZSFT K[ VG[ Z_ ZSFT TZFJLCDF\ lCSDT V[
K[ S[ D]SdD, sD]SdD, SZGFZf D]SdD,GF AZFAZ YFIP
VG[ N]Z[" D]bTFZGL V[ H .AFZT C[9/ XFDLDF\ GCZYL DGS},
K[ ov
116
XZLOf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
V[8,F DF8[ S[ H[G]\ VFDLG SC[J]\ OlZxTFVMGL VFDLG SC[JF D]HA
CX[ TM T[GF 5FK,F U]GFCM AbXL N[JFDF\ VFJX[P VF XaNM A]BFZLGF
K[ VG[ D]:,DDF\ 56 T[GF H H[D K[P slDxSFT XZLO4 5[Hv*)f
VF CNL XZLOYL A[ JFTM :556[ 6JF D/L o 5|YD V[ S[
D] S TNL .DFDGL 5FK/ ;} Z V[ OFlTCF G 5-[ V[ 8 ,F DF8[ S[ [
D]STNLG[ ;}ZV[ OFlTCF 5-JFGM C]SD CMT TM C]h}Z
V[ ZLT[
ODF"JT S[4 IFZ[ T[D J,NNF<,LG SCM TM VFDLG SCMP H6FI]\ S[
D]STNL S[J/ VFDLG SC[X[4 J,NNF<,LG SC[J]\ .DFDG]\ SFD K[P
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
.HDFVGM DT,A D] H TC[ N LG ;CFAF TYF S[ A FZ sDCFGf
;CFAFGM .HDFV K[P VG[ A[XS ChZT VaN]<,FC AIFG SZ[ K[
S[ DFZF JFl,N ChZT hIN .aG[ V:,D
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[ GAL
SZLD
GF ;CFAFV[ lSZFDDF\YL N; ChZFT V[8,[ ChZT
VA}A l;LS4 ChZT pDZ .aG[ BFA4 ChZT pQDFG .aG[
VOOFG4 ChZT V,L .aG[ VA} TFl,A4 ChZT VaN]Z"CDFG .aG[
VF{O4 ChZT ;VN .aG[ VAL JF;4 ChZT VaN]<,FC .aG[
D:N4 ChZT hIN .aG[ FlAT4 ChZT VaN]<,FC .aG[ pDZ
VG[ ChZT VaN]<,FC .aG[ VaAF;s
f VF
TDFD[ TDFD .DFDGL 5FK/ lSV"T SZJFG[ ;bTLGL ;FY[ DGF
ODF"JTF CTFP
VG[ lSOFICDF\ K[ ov
sVY"f o DM8F DM8F V[\;L s(_f ;CFALVMGF AFZFDF\ lZJFIT
VFJL K[ S[ T[VM D]STNLG[ lSV"TYL ZMSTF CTFP T[VMDF\ ChZT V,L
D]T"hF4 ChZT VaN]<,FC .aG[ VaAF;4 ChZT VaN]<,FC .aG[
pDZ VG[ ChZT VaN]<,FC .aG[ D:N 56 K[P VG[ N]Z[" D]bTFZDF\
K[ ov
sVY"f o D]STNL ;}ZV[ OFlTCF VYJF SM. VgI ;}ZTGL lSV"T
SZX[ GC4 [ T[6[ lSV"T SZL TM DS~C[ TCZLDL YX[P
118
VgJFZ], CNLQ
sV{lTCFl;S lSTFAf
,B
[ S o ChZT V<,FDF D]OTL VCDN IFZBF\ G.DL
VG]JFNS o 58[, XaALZ V,L ZhJL
S]VF"G4 CNLQF4 p,DFGF\ SYGM4 VS,L N,L,M4 lJZMWLVMGF JF\WFVM VG[
T[GF HJFAM ;FY[ VC,[ ;]gGT J HDFVT H[ ;CFAF4 TFA.G4 VF{l,IFYL
RF<IF[ VFJ[ K[ T[ H D:,S[ VFc,F ChZTGL CFlGITG[ NXF"JTL TYF N[JA\NL4
U{ZD]Sl<,N JU[Z[GF AFlT, VSLNFVMG]\ B\0G SZTL lSTFA H~ZYL D\UFJMP
JF\RM J\RFJM JT"DFGSF/DF\ N]lGIFJL TDFD VFOTMYL ARFJJF TD[
;TT VF{,FNG]\ Z1F6 SZM KM TM VFB[ZTGL VFOTMYL VF{,FNG[ ARFJJF VFJL
lSTFAM TDFZF 3ZDF\ J;FJM ov
V, C EFUv! s!5qv ~FPf V, C EFUvZ s!5qv ~FPf
V, C EFUv# sZ_qv ~FPf VC C EFUv$ sZ_qv ~FPf
V, C EFUv5 sSFD RF,L Z]\ K[f VF ;FY[ V, C lSTFA ;\5}6"
YX[ JW] DF8[ 5|SFXSGM ;\5S" SZMP
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
119
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
V, C
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
!P ChZT VG;
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VF CNLMYL :556[ DF,}D YI]\ S[ C]h}Z ;{IN[ VF,D
4
ChZT OF~S[ VFchD4 ChZT VaN]<,FC .aG[ D:N4 ChZT .aG[
pDZ TYF ;CFALVM TYF TFA.GGF VgI DCFG p,DF
S[J/ TSALZ[ TCZLDFGF ;DI[ ZOV[ IN{G
SZTF CTF4 5KL V\lTD GDFh ;]WL V[J]\ SZTF CTFP
VG[ VD]S lZJFITMYL H[ Z]S}VYL 5C[,F\ VG[ AFNDF\ ZOV[
IN{G ;FlAT K[ TM T[ C]SD 5C[,F\ CTM4 AFNDF\ Dg;}B Y. UIMP
H[D S[ VIGL XFZ[C[ A]BFZLV[ ChZT VaN]<,FC .aG[ h]A{Z
YL lZJFIT SZL K[ S[ ov
ccChZT VaN]<,FC .aG[ h]A{Z
V[ V[S Xb;G[ Z]S}VDF\
HTF\ VG[ Z]S}VYL p9TL JBT[ ZOV[ IN{G SZTF\ [IM4 TM VF5[ T[G[
ODF"jI]\ S[ V[J]\ G SZM V[8,F DF8[ S[ VF V[JL RLH K[ S[ H[G[ C]h}Z
V[ 5|YD SZL CTL AFNDF\ KM0L NLWLP
120
121
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
XZLOf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgC} TYF ZCDT]<,FlC V,{CG[ AN,[ ZlNP TYF ZCP ,BJ]\ DS~C
TYF D[C~DLGM ;AA K[P sOTFJFV[ VlSF4 ACFZ[ XZLVTf
sZf H[DGF\ GFD D]CdDN4 VCDN4 V,L4 C;G4 C];{G JU[Z[
CMI K[ TM S[8,FS ,MSM T[GF GFDM 5Z ;,P V,P AGFJ[ K[ V[ 56
DGF K[ V[8,F DF8[ S[ T[ HUFV[ TM T[ Xb; D]ZFN K[ T[GF 5Z N]~NGF
.XFZFGM XM VY" m
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
S[ TM 5KL ;3/M ;DI N]~N XZLOGF DF8[ H lGlT SZL , m
ODF"jI]\4 V[J]\ YFI TM T[ TDFZF ;J" SFDM DF8[ SFOL YX[ VG[ TDFZF
U]GFCM DFO SZL N[JFDF\ VFJX[P slTlD"hLf
;<,<,FC] V,G GlAiI, pdDiI J VFl,CL
;<,<,FC] V,{lC J;<,D ;,FT\J J ;,FDG V,{S IF
P
Z;},<,FC
$P ChZT VA} C]Z{ZC
V[ S]\ S[ Z;},[ SZLD
V[
ODF"jI]\ S[4 T[ Xb;G]\ GFS W}/DF\ ZUNM/FI H[GL ;D DFZ]\ lh
SZJFDF\ VFJ[ VG[ T[ DFZF 5Z N]~N G 5-[P slTlD"hLf
V<,FC]dD ;<, V,F ;{lIlNGF J DF{,FGF D]CdDlN\J
J V,F VFl, ;{lIlNGF J DF{,FGF D]CdDlND DVNlG,H}lN
J<SZlD J VFl,CL J V:CFlACL J AFlZS J ;<,DP
5P ChZT V,L
V[ S]\ S[4 C]h}Z
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[4
V;,DF\ sBZ[BZf ABL, T[ Xb; K[ H[GL ;D DFZ]\ lh YFI
VG[ T[ DFZF 5Z N]~N G 5-[P slTlD"hLf
;<,<,FC] V,gGlAiI, pdDiI J VFl,CL ;<,<,FC]
V,{lC J;<,D ;,FT\J J ;,FDG V,{S IF Z;},<,FC
&P ChZT pDZ .aG[ BFA
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[4 N]VF VF;DFG
TYF HDLGGL JrR[ DMV<,S sVwWZf ZC[ K[4 T[DF\YL SF\. p5Z
GYL R-T]\ IF\ ;]WL S[ T]\ TFZF GAL 5Z N]~N G DMS,[P slTlD"hL
122
123
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
HDFVT
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
HDFVTYL SFID SZJFDF\ G VFJ[ TM X{TFG T[DGF 5Z UFl,A VFJL
I K[ H[YL HDFVTG[ ,FlhD 6MP sVCDN4 VA}NFNf
R[TJ6L o s!f VFlS,4 AFl,U4 SFlNZ 5Z HDFVT JFlHA
K[ lJGF phZ V[SJFZ 56 KM0GFZ U]G[CUFZ VG[ ;GM CNFZ
K[ VG[ S[8,LI[JFZ TS" SZ[ TM OFl;S DZN}N]xXCFNC sH[GL UJFCL
VDFgIf K[4 T[G[ ;BT ; VF5JFDF\ VFJX[P [ 50MXLVMV[ DF{G
V5GFjI]\ sV[8,[ S[ HDFVTDF\ XZLS YJFGL TFSLN G SZL VG[ DF{G
ZFf TM T[VM 56 U]G[CUFZ YX[P sACFZ[ XZLVT4 EFUv#4 5[Hv##*f
VG[ TgJLZ], Va;FZ TYF N]Z[" D]bTFZDF\ K[ ov
s V Y " f o sH[ G M VY" p5Z D] H A K[ f VG[ TCTFJL4
5[Hv!*!DF\ V[ H 5|DF6[ K[ VG[ OTFJFV[ VF,DULZL4 EFUv!4
lD:ZL4 5[Hv** DF\ V[ H 5|DF6[ K[P
VG[ VxVT], ,dVFT4 EFUv!4 5[Hv$5(DF\ K[ ov
sVY"f o X{B .aG[ C]DFD
V[ GS, ODF"jI]\ S[4 VF56F
36F H AWF DXF.BGM DhCA V[ K[ S[ HDFVT JFlHA K[ VG[
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
124
!P ChZT pQDFG
V[ S]\ S[ C]h}Z
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[
B]NF TVF,FGL GS TDFD VFAFNLVMDF\ ;F{YL l5|I HUFVM T[GL
D:HNM K[ VG[ ANTZLG :YFGM AZM K[P sD]:,D XZLOf
#P ChZT pQDFG .aG[ DhG
V[ S]\ S[ D[\ C]h}Z
G[ Vh" SZL4 IF Z;},<,FC
DG[ TFlZS]]gIF s;gIF;Lf YJFGL
.hT VF5M C]h}Z[ ODF"jI]\ S[ DFZL pdDTGF DF8[ N]lGIFGM tIFU
V[ H K[ S[ T[VM D:HNMDF\ A[;LG[ GDFhGM T[hFZ SZ[P sXZC]:;]gGC4
lDxSFT XZLOf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
D:HNGF OhF.,
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
B]NF TVF,FG[ V[ ,MSMGL SF\. 5ZJF GYLP sAICSLf
ChZT XIB VaN],C D]Cl NC[<JL
VF CNL
C[9/ ODF"J[ K[ ov
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
!P ChZT ;<DFG
127
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
H]dVF
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
$P ChZT ;D]ZC .aG[ H]gN]A
V[ S]\ S[4 C]h}Z
V[
ODF"jI]\ S[4 CFHZ ZCM B]tAFGF ;DI[ VG[ .DFDGL GS ZCM4 V[8,F
DF8[ S[ DF6; H[8,F 5|DF6DF\ N}Z ZC[X[ T[8,F 5|DF6DF\
HgGTDF\ 5FK/ ZC[X[ E,[ T[ HgGTDF\ NFB, H~Z YX[P sVA}NFNf
5P ChZT .aG[ pDZ
V[ S]\ S[4 Z;},[ SZLD
V[
ODF"jI]\ S[4 H[ Xb;G[ D:HNDF\ H]dVFGF lNJ;[ 3 VFJ[ TM T[6[
[.V[ S[ T[ 5MTFGL HUF AN,L GFB[P slTlD"hLf
&P ChZT VG;
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[4 C]h}Z
;BT 9\0LGL
kT]DF\ H]dVFGL GDFh H<NL 5-TF VG[ ;BT UZDLGF lNJ;MDF\
DM0[YL 5-TFP sA]BFZL XZLOf
R[TJ6L o s!f BTLAGL ;FD[ H[ VhFG YFI K[ H[GM HJFA
D]TNLVMV[ SNL 56 G VF5JM [.V[ V[ H JW] ;FZ]\ K[P sOTFJFV[
ZhlJiIC f VG[ N] Z [ " D] b TFZ DV Z] , D] C TFZ4 EFUv!4
5[Hv#(_DF\ V[ H 5|DF6[ K[P
VG[ Z] , D] C TFZ4 EFUv!4 5[ H v5*5DF\ K[ 4 ccV[ ;DI[
VhFGGM HJFA VF5JM DS~C K[P
sZf B]tAFDF\ C]h}Z VSN;
G]\ GFD[ 5FS ;F\E/LG[ V\U}9F
G R]D[4 VF C]SD S[J/ B]tAF DF8[ H K[ GC ;FDFgI :YlTVMDF\
GFD[ 5FS[ ;F\E/LG[ VF V\U}9F R]DJF D]:TCA K[P VG[ sB]tAFGL
CF,TDF\f N]~N XZLO lN,DF\ 5-[PPPP EG[ C,FJ[ GC4 V[8,F DF8[
S[ EYL DF{G ZFBJ]\ Oh" K[P sOTFJFV[ ZhlJiICf VG[ N]Z[" D]bTFZ
DV Z], D]CTFZ4 EFUv!4 5[Hv5*DF\ V[ H 5|DF6[ K[P
s#f U{Z VZALDF\ B]tAM 5-JM VYJF VZALGL ;FY[ AL
EFFG[ ;DFJL ,[JL ccDS~Ccc VG[ ;]gGT[ D]TJFlZCGL lJ~wW K[P
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
ZhlJiIC4 EFUv#f
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
128
NN
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
129
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
.N VG[ ASZF .N
!P ChZT VG;
5P ChZT A]ZLNF
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[ C]h}Z
.NGF lNJ;[
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
130
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
s5f S[D S[ N[CFT sUFD0FfDF\ H]dVF .h GYL V[8,F DF8[
UFD0FDF\ H]dVFGL GDFh 5-JFYL T[ lNJ;GL hMCZ ;FlST YTL
GYL4 H[YL UFD0FDF\ H]dVF 5-IF AFN RFZ ZSFT hMCZ Oh"
5-JL H~ZL K[P sS]T]A[ VFdDCf
5|F%T :YFG
s!f ZhJL lSTFA 3Z C/o. OIhFG[ ZhF D\lh,4 D]FP5MP NIFNZF4 l5Gv#)Z_Z_
TFP lHP o E~R4 OMG G\P s_Z&$Zf Z(Z*)Z4 DMP )$Z*$ &$$!!
sZf ;F,[CF 0=;
[ L; EL0 AZ4 5F\HZF5M/ ;FD[ DF\0JLvSrK4 OMG G\P s_Z(#$f
Z#_$()
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
131
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
lSTFA], HGF.h
0
!P ChZT VA} ;.N
ALDFZL 0
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
A[ lJlJW Z:TFVMV[YL VFJTF HTF CTFP sA]BFZL XZLOf
;}RGF o s!f .NMGL GDFh 5KL D];FOM TYF D]VFlGSF sU/[
D/J]\f SZJ]\ H[D S[ ;FDFgITo D];,DFGM lZJFH K[ V[ A[CTZ K[4
V[8,F DF8[ S[ T[DF\ B]XLG]\ 5|NX"G K[P sACFZ[ XZLVTf
sZf VF{ZTM DF8[ .NMGL GDFh .h GYL V[8,F DF8[ S[
.NUFCDF\ 5]~MGL ;FY[ E[/;[/ YJFG]\ YX[ VG[ V[8,F DF8[ CJ[
132
133
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
!P ChZT V,L
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
DC~D ZC[X[P S[8,FS GFNFGM ALDFZLDF\ B}A H VIMuI XaNM AM,L
p9[ K[ VG[ S[8,FS TM B]NF TVF,FGL hFT 5|tI[ H]<DGL lG:AT
SZLG[ S] ;]WL 5CM\RL I K[P VF T[DGL VlTXI ANAbTL TYF
N] l GIF TYF VFB[ Z TGL C,FST sTAFCLfGM ;AA K[ P V,
VIFh]lA<,FlC TVF,FP
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
5P ChZT VF.XF
V[ S]\ S[4 Z;},[ SZLD
V[
ODF"jI]\ S[4 IFZ[ A\NFGF U]GFCM JWFZ[ Y. I K[ VG[ T[GF
DFl,Sf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
134
lTlD" h Lf
NJF lJX[ 0
#P ChZT VA}NFN
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
N]VFvTFcJLh lJX[ 0
!P ChZT VF.XF
0
!P ChZT VA} C]Z{ZC
DF{T 0
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
R[TJ6L o V\U[| NJFVM 5]QS/ V[JL DF{H}N K[ H[DF\ :5lZ8
VG[ XZFAGL lD,FJ8 CMI K[ V[JL NJFVM SNL 56 JF5ZJFDF\ G
VFJ[P sACFZ[ XZLVT4 EFUv!&4 5[Hv!Z*f
136
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
5P ChZT VA} ;.N .aG[ D];{.A
YL D]Z;,G DgS},
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[ A[CTZLG VIFNT V[ K[ S[ lDh5];L"
K[ S[ C]h}Z
AFN T]ZT p9L IP sAICSL4 lDxSFT XZLOf
&P ChZT .aG[ VaAF;
V[ S]\ S[4 C]h}Z
V[
ODF"jI]\ S[4 H[ D];,DFG SM. D];,DFGGL VIFNT DF8[ I TM ;FT
JBT VF N]VF 5-[ ov
137
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
V[ S]\
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[ TDFZF DZGFZFVMG[ S<DV[ T{IACGL
S[4 C]h}Z
T<SLG SZMP sD]:,D XZLOf
T<SLGGL ZLT V[ K[ S[ DF{ T GF ;DI[ CFHZ ZC[ , FVM DM8F
VJFH[ S<DV[ T{I[AC 5-[ 5Z\T] DZGFZG[ T[GF 5-JFGM C]SD G SZ[P
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
TVF,F V[ RLH VF5X[ H[GL T[ pdDLN ZFB[ K[ VG[ T[ RLHYL DCO}h
ZFBX[ H[GFYL T[ 0Z[ K[P slTlD"hL4 .aG[ DFHC4 lDxSFT XZLOf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
ChZT X{B VaN],C D]Cl NC[<JL
ODF"J[ K[ S[4
DF{TG[ IFN SZJFGM DT,A V[ K[ S[ lN,DF\ B]NF TVF,FGM BF{O TYF
EI CMI VG[ T[GF C]SD 5|DF6[ H VD, CMI T[DH TF{AF TYF
.:TUOFZ SZ[ VG[ VFB[ Z TGF ,FEG[ sN] l GIFGF ,FE SZTF\ f
5|lTlGlWtJ VF5[ VG[ VlU|DTF VF5[P GC TM VD, JUZ S[J/
DF{TGL RRF" SZJL VG[ T[G[ IFN ZFBJ]\ SM. RLH GYL sA[SFZGL JFT
U6FIf4 A<S[ sV[J]\ SZJ]\f lN,GL ;bTF. VG[ S96TFGM ;AA AGL
XS[ K[ H[D S[ UO,T VG[ A[VD,LGL ;FY[ B]NF TVF,FG[ sS[J/
E YSLf IFN SZJM slN,GL S96TFGM ;AA K[Pf
ZP ChZT VA} C]Z{ZC
V[ S]\ S[ C]h}Z
V[ ODF"jI]\
S[ TDFZFDF\ SM. DF{TGL VFZh} G SZ[ sV[8,F DF8[ S[f T[ IF\ TM G[SL
SZGFZM CX[ TM XI K[ S[ T[GF G[S VD,DF\ VlWTF Y. I VG[
[ ANSFZ CX[ TM XI K[ EFlJDF\ TF{AF SZLG[ B]NF TVF,FGL B]xG}NL
CF\;, SZ[P sA]BFZL XZLOf
ChZT X{B VaN], C D]Cl NC[<JL
ODF"J[ K[ S[4
N]lGIJL G]S;FG H[D S[ ALDFZL S[ UZLAL JU[Z[GF SFZ6[ DF{TGL TDgGF
SZJL DS~C K[ V[8,F DF8[ S[ V[ A[;AZL VG[ TSNLZ[ .,FCLYL Z\H
VG[ GFZFHULGL lGXFGL K[4 5Z\T] B]NF TVF,FGL DCMaAT VG[
T[GL D],FSFTGF XF{S sT,AGF HhAFfDF\ DF{TGL TDgGF SZL T[DH
VF N]lGIFGL T\UL VG[ 5Z[XFGLYL K}8SFZM 5FDJF VG[ VFB[ZTGF
D]<S VG[ HgGTDF\ 5CM\RJF DF8[ DF{TGL TDgGF SZJL .DFG VG[
T[GF SDF,GL lGXFGL K[P V[ H ZLT[ NLGL G]S;FGGF EIYL DF{TGL
TDgGF SZJL DS~C GYLP sVxVT], ,dVFT4 EFUv!4 5[Hv&5#f
#P ChZT VG;
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[ GAL SZLD
V[S
I]JFGGL 5F;[ TXZLO ,. UIF H[ DF{TGL GS sDZJFGL V6LV[f
CTMP C]h}Z[ T[G[ ODF"jI]\ S[4 T]\ 5MT[ 5MTFG[ S[JL :YlTDF\ 5FD[ K[ m
T[6[ Vh" SZL4 IF Z;},<,FC C]\ B]NF TVF,FGL ZCDTGM pdDLNJFZ
V[ ODF"jI]\4 VF A\G[ sV[8,[
K]\ VG[ DFZF U]GFCMYL 0Z]\ K]\P C]h}Z
S[ BF{O TYF pdDLNf VF DF{SFV[ H[ A\NFGF lN,DF\ CX[ T[G[ B]NF
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
sD]:,D XZLOf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
138
139
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
HGFhM 0
V[ S]\ S[ C]h}Z
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[
H[ Xb; .DFGGM TSFhM ;DG[ VG[ ;JFA 5|F%T SZJFGL VFXFV[
SM. D];,DFGGF HGFhFGL ;FY[ ;FY[ RF,[4 V[8,[ ;]WL S[ T[GL GDFh
5-[ VG[ T[GF NOGYL OFlZU YFI TM T[ A[ SLZFT sJHGG] V[S DF5f
;JFA ,.G[ 5FKM OZX[ H[ D F\ Y L NZ[ S SLZFT VMCN s5CF0fGF
AZFAZ K[P VG[ H[ Xb; S[J/ HGFhFGL GDFh 5-LG[ 5FKM VFJL
I VG[ NOGDF\ XZLS G YFI TM T[ V[S SLZFTGM ;JFA ,.G[ 5FKM
J/[ K[P sA]BFZL XZLO4 D]:,D XZLOf
#P ChZT VG;
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[ S[8,FS ;CFAFV[ lSZFD
V[S HGFhFGL GSYL 5;FZ YIF TM E,F.GL ;FY[ T[GM p<,[B
V[ .XF"N ODF"jIM S[4 JFlHA Y. U.
SIM"P V[GF 5ZYL C]h}Z
5KL ,MSM AL HGFhF 5F;[YL 5;FZ YIF TM A]ZF.GL ;FY[ T[GL
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
V\NFhM +6 CFY V[8,[ S[ NM- UH K[ VG[ 5CM/F. V[S SFGGL
A]8LYL AL SFGGL A]8L ;]WL CMJ]\ [.V[ VG[ H[ ,MSM J\TGL H[D
VM-6L ZFB[ K[ V[ lGZY"S VG[ ;]gGTGL lJ~wW K[P sACFZ[ XZLVTf
s&f VF{ZTGF DF8[ ;LGFA\N KFTLYL 0}\8L ;]WL VG[ A[CTZ V[
K[ S[ \3 ;]WL CMIP OTFJF VF,DULZLDF\ V[ 5|DF6[ K[P
s*f ;LGFA\N RFNZGL sl,OFOFfGL p5Z CMJ]\ [.V[P OTFJFV[
VF,DULZL4 EFUv!4 5[Hv!5! VG[ OtC], SNLZDF\ K[4 XZC[
Sgh]NNSF.SDF\ ;LGFA\NGL HUF ;F{ S50F\GL p5Z p<,[BFI[, K[ H[YL
;GFA\NGM ;F{ S50F\GL 5C[,F\ ,5[8JFGM H[ VFD lZJFH K[ T[ U,T K[P
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
#P ChZT X{B VaN],C D]Cl NC[<JL
VF CNL
C[9/ ODF"J[ K[ S[4 ;FZF SOGGM DT,A V[ K[ S[ SOG 5}Z]\ CMI VG[
;FO ;]Y~ TYF ;O[N CMI VG[ V[DF\ O]h}, VG[ lGZY"S BR" G CMIP
GJ] SOG VYJF H}G] H[ WMV[,]\ CMI4 A\G[GM C]SD V[S H K[4 5Z\T]
O]h},BRL" SZGFZFVM H[VM lZIFSFZL VG[ 3D\0YL SZ[ K[ T[ ;BT
DS~C VG[ ;BT CZFD K[P sVxVT], ,dVFT4 EFUv!4 5[Hv&*Zf
$P ChZT .aG[ VaAF;
V[ S]\ S[ Z;},[ SZLD
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[4 TD[ ,MSM ;O[N S50F\ 5C[ZTF ZCM V[8,F DF8[ S[ T[
pDNF 5|SFZGF\ S50F\ K[P VG[ ;O[N S50F\DF\ TDFZF D]0NF\VMG[ SOG
VF%IF SZMP sVA}NFN4 lTlD"hLf
140
VgJFZ], CNLQ
141
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
V[ ODF" j I] \ S[ 4 DNLGF
XZLODF\ A[ DF6;M SAZ BMNIF SZTF CTFP V[S T[DGFDF\YL sChZT
CTF H[VMf ,CN V[8,[ AU,L BMNIF
VA} T<CF Vg;FZL
CTF
SZTF CTF VG[ AL sChZT VA} VMA{NF .aG[ HZF"C
H[VMf AU,L BMNTF G CTFP sA<S[ ;gN}S H[JL SAZ AGFJTF CTFfP
GF lJ;F, 5Z ;CFAFV[ VF5;DF\ GL SI] S[ H[ VF
C]h}Z
A\G[DF\YL 5|YD VFJX[ T[ VF56] SFD SZX[ TM 5|YD T[ ;CFAL VFjIF
DF8[ AU,L
H[ ,CN sAU,Lf BMNIF SZTF CTF TM T[D6[ C]h}Z
SAZ T{IFZ SZLP sXC[" ;]gGC4 lDxSFTf
ZP ChZT V,L
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[ Z;},[ SZLD
V[ V[S
DF6;GF HGFhFDF\ lXS"T SZL TM ODF"jI]\ S[4 C[ V,L D]NF"G[ lSa,FGL
TZO D]TJCH[C SZM VG[ ;J" ,MSM
lA:D<,FlC J V,F lD<,lT Z;}l,<,FC 5-MP VG[ T[G[ SZJ8
5Z ZFBMP DM\ - FE[ Z WM G SZM4 VG[ G 5L9E[ Z RM ;} J F0MP
sANFV[p:;GFV[Vf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VxVT], ,dVFT TH"DV[ lDxSFTDF\ VF CNL C[9/ K[ S[4
ccTM 5|YD C]SD Dg;}B sZNf Y. UIM VG[ VF Dg;}B YJ]\ S[J/
IC}NLGF HGFhFGF DF8[ K[ S[ NZ[SGF DF8[ V[ B]NF A[CTZ 6[ K[P
5Z\T] C[Z V[ K[ S[ ;F{GF DF8[ K[Pcc OTFJF VF,DULZL4 EFUv!4
5[Hv!5ZDF\ K[4 HGFhGF DF8[ pEF G YFJ 5Z\T] T[DF\ lXS"TGM
.ZFNM CMI TM pEM Y. XS[ K[P VG[ TCTFJL4 5[Hv#&*DF\ K[4
HGFhM [.V[ pEF YJ]\ DS~C K[4 H[D S[ SC:TFGLDF\ K[P
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
RRF" SZL4 T[GF DF8[ C]h}Z[ .XF"N ODF"jIM S[4 JFlHA Y. U. ChZT
OF~S[ VFchD
V[ Vh" SZL4 sIF Z;},<,FC f S. RLH JFlHA
Y. U. m ODF"jI]\4 H[ D{ITGL TD[ ,MSMV[ E,F.GL ;FY[ RRF" SZL
T[GF DF8[ HgGT JFlHA Y. U. VG[ H[GL TD[ A]ZF.GL ;FY[ RRF"
SZL T[GF DF8[ NMhB JFlHA Y. U.4 TD[ ,MSM HDLG 5Z B]NF
TVF,FGF UJFC KMP sA]BFZL4 D]:,Df
ChZT X{B VaN],C D]Cl NC[<JL
VF CNL C[9/
ODF"J[ K[ S[4 E,F.4 ;rRF. VG[ TSJFJF/FVMGL V[JL TFZLO D]ZFN
K[ H[DF\ GO;FGL UZh s:JFY"f ;DFI[, G CMI4 V[8,F DF8[ S[ V[JL
H TFZLO DF6;GF HgGTL CMJFGL K[4 GC TM [ VD]S OFl;SM OFlHZ
SM. :JFY" D F\ SM. OFl;SGL 5| X \ ; F SZ[ VYJF SM. G[ S 4 ;F,[ C
DF6;GL A]ZF. SZ[ TM T[GF ,.G[ sHgGTL S[ HCgGDL CMJFG]f ISLG
GYL SZL XTFP sVxVT], ,dVFT4 EFUv!4 5[Hv&(Zf
$P ChZT VF.XF
V[ S]\ S[4 Z;},[ SZLD
V[
ODF"jI]\ S[4 D]0NF\VMG[ UF/ G VF5MP sA]BFZL XZLOf
5P ChZT .aG[ pDZ
V[ S]\ S[4 C]h}Z
V[ ODF"jI]\
S[4 5MTFGF D]0NF\VMGL G[SLVMGL RRF" SZM VG[ T[DGL A]ZF.VMYL
RxD5MXL SZMP sVA}NFN4 lTlD"hLf
ChZT X{B VaN],C D]Cl NC[<JL
VF CNL XZLO
C[9/ ODF"J[ K[ S[4 VF C]SD T[ G[S D];,DFGMGL ;FY[ BF; K[ H[VM
V[,FlGIF lO:S TYF H]<D SZTF G CTFP
&P ChZT D]CdDN .aG[ ;LZ
YL lZJFIT K[ S[4 V[S
HGFhM ChZT .DFD C;G .aG[ V,L TYF .aG[ VaAF;
GL 5F;[YL 5;FZ YIM TM ChZT .DFD C;G
pEF Y. UIFP ChZT .DFD C;G[ ChZT .aG[ VaAF;
YL ODF"jI]\ 4 X]\ C]h}Z
V[S IC}NLGM HGFhM [.G[ pEF G YIF
CTF m ChZT .aG[ VaAF;[ S]\ S[4 CF4 5Z\T] 5KL tIFZAFN A[9F
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CTFP sVG[ pEF G YTF CTFPf slG;F.f
142
$P ChZT lAZ
143
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
sA]BFZL XZLOf
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5[Hv&#$f
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V[ ODF""jI]\ S[4 BAZNFZ Y.G[ ;F\E/L ,M S[ VF\BGF\ VF;}\
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EGL TZO .XFZM SZLG[ ODF"jI]\f 5Z\T] VFGF ;AA[ VhFA S[ ZCD
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H[ 5|NX"G CFY VG[ E J0[ CMI T[ X{TFGGL TZOYL K[P
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S<DFGL VF\U/L J0[ ,B[4 XFCL J0[ G ,B[P sZ], D]CTFZ4 EFUv!4
144
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
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ccN] Z [ " D] b TFZ DVZ] , D] C TFZcc4 EFUv!4 5[ H v&Z&DF\ VG[
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5Z sZMGS VOZMhf K[P VG[ ccTCTFJLcc4 5[Hv&)DF\ K[ o D{ITG[
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IFZ[ OZGL XCFNTGL BAZ VFJL TM GAL SZLD
S[4 OZGF 3ZJF/F\VM DF8[ BF6] T{IFZ SZM V[8,F DF8[ S[ T[DG[
V[JL D];LAT 5CM\RL K[ H[ V[DG[ BF6] 5SJJFYL N}Z ZFBX[P slTlD"hL4
VA} NFN4 .aG[ DFHCf
145
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
sVCDN4 lDxSFTf
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ccCZFDcc K[P sACFZ[ XZLVT ACJF,F [CZCf
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TM OlZxTF Vh" SZ[ K[ S[4 TFZL TFcZLO SZL VG[
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TM m C]h}Z[ ODF"jI]\4 V[SGM 56 V[ H VHZ K[P 5KL ODF"jI]\4 S;D
K[ T[ hFTGL H[GF N:T[ S]NZTDF\ DFZL G K[ S[ SFRM CD, sUE"f
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146
XCLN 0
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K[ S[ GAL SZLD
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MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
147
V[
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
SAZMGL lhIFZT 0
!P ChZT A]ZINC
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H[CFN SZMP sVA} NFN4 lG;F.f
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AFZUFCDF\ CFHZ Y.G[ S]\ S[ SM. DF,[ UGLDTGF DF8[ ,0[ K[4
SM. XMCZT TYF bIFlT DF8[ ,0[ K[ VG[ SM. 5MTFGL ACFN]ZL TYF
;]VT N[BF0JF DF8[ ,0[ K[ TM T[DGFDF\YL ZFC[ CDF\ ,0GFZ
SM6 K[ m C]h}Z
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[4 H[ V[8,F DF8[ ,0[ K[ S[ V<,FC
TVF,FGF NLGGL AM,AF,F YFI TM T[ D]lCN OL ;ALl,<,FC K[P
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MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
G CMI GC TM ;BT CZFD K[ 5Z\T] AFl,U [ 5MTFGF lC:;FYL SZ[
TM JF\WM GYLP sACFZ[ XZLVT ACJF,F BFlGICf
148
149
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
.;F,[ ;JFA 0
YL DZJL K[ S[ T[D6[
YL Vh" SZL4 S[ pdD[ ;VN V[8,[ S[ DFZL DF\GM .gT[SF,
C]h}Z
Y. UIM K[ T[DGF DF8[ SIM ;NSM VOh, K[ m ;ZSFZ[ VSN;
V[ ODF"jI]\4 5F6LP sA[CTZLG ;NSM K[P TM C]h}ZGF .XF"N 5|DF6[f
ChZT ;VN
V[ S}JM BMNL SF-IMP sVG[ T[G[ 5MTFGL DF\GL
5|tI[ ;\MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
A\lWT SZLG[f S]\ S[4 VF S}JM ;VNGL DF\GF DF8[ K[P sV[8,[
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
sVY"f o TFt5I" V[ S[ VF{ZTMGF DF8[ .hT V[ :YlTDF\ K[ S[
lhIFZT V[JL ZLT[ SZJFDF\ VFJ[ S[ T[DF\ SM. lOtGM G CMI VG[ ChZT
V[ ,bI]\ K[ S[ ov
;N~xXZLVC
cc;FJR[TL V[DF\ H K[ S[ :+LVMG[ lA,S], sI]JTL S[ 3Z0Lf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
Vl,Ov,FDvDLDYL D] l O,C} G ;] W L4 VFIT] , S] ; L" VG[
VFDGZ";}, JU[Z[ 5KL K[J8DF\ N]~N XZLO 5-LG[ .;F,[ ;JFA SZ[
VG[ VOh, V[ K[ S[ .;F,[ ;JFADF\ ;J" DMclDG :+L 5]~MG[
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SF\. SDL YX[ GCP sZ], D]CTFZf
150
VgJFZ], CNLQ
151
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
DgSAT XZLO
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
V<,FC TVF,F VF S}JFGF 5F6LGM ;JFA DFZL DF\G[ VTF ODF"JP
V[GFYL H6FI]\ S[ S}JM T[DGL ;D CTMP
s5f UZLA TYF lD:SLGM JU[Z[G[ BF6] VF5TF\ 5C[,F\ 56
.;F,[ ;JFA SZJ]\ .h K[P H[D S[ ;CFALV[ Z;},[ SI] S[ S}JM T{IFZ
YTF\ H T[D6[ .;F,[ ;JFA SIM" IFZ[ S[ ,MSMGF 5F6L JF5IF" 5KL
;JFA D/X[P V[ H ZLT[ [ S[ UZLA TYF lD:SLGMG[ BF6] VF5JFYL
;JFA 5|F%T YX[ 5Z\T] T[ ;JFAG[ VUFpYL H AbXL N[J]\ .h K[P
s&f SM. RLH 5Z D{ITG]\ GFD VFJJFYL T[ RLH CZFD YX[
GCP NFPTP UF{[ 5FSGM ASZM VG[ UFhLlDIF\GM DZ3M JU[Z[ V[8,F
DF8[ S[ V[S H,L,], S ;CFALV[ T[ S}JFG[ 5MTFGL DC}"DF DF\GF
GFD[ ;\A\lWT SIM" CTM4 H[ VFH ;]WL ALZ[ pdD[ ;VNGF GFD[ H
5|bIFT K[P
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
152
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
S[ T[GM ;JFA T[DGL ~CG[ 5CM\R[Pf sVA} NFN4 lG;F.f
ZP ChZT VF.XF
YL lZJFIT K[ S[ V[S Xb; VFjIF
VG[ T[D6[ Vh" SZL4 IF Z;},<,FC DFZL DF\GM VRFGS .gT[SF,
Y. UIM VG[ T[GL SM. JFTGL Jl;IT G SZL XSL4 DFZ]\ WFZJ]\ K[ S[
.gT[SF,GF ;DI[ [ T[6LG[ SF\. SC[JF ;F\E/JFGM VJ;Z D/T TM
T[6L H~Z ;NSM VF5TP TM [ C]\ T[6LGL TZOYL ;NSM SZ]\ TM X]\
T[ D GL ~CG[ ;JFA 5CM\ R X[ m ;ZSFZ[ VSN;[ ODF" j I] \ S[ 4 CF
5CM\RX[P sD]:,D XZLO4 EFUv!4 5[HvZZ$f
V<,FDF GJJL
VF CNL XZLO C[9/ ODF"J[ K[ S[4 VF
CNL XZLOYL ;FlAT YI]\ S[4 [ D{ITGL TZOYL ;NSM SZJFDF\ VFJ[
TM D{ITG[ T[GM OFINM VG[ ;JFA 5CM\R[ K[P V[GF 5Z p,DFGM
.[OFS K[P sGJJL XZC[ D]:,D4 EFUv!4 5[Hv#Z$f
VF D]AFZS CNLM 5ZYL lGdG l,lBT JFTM :5~5[ H6F.
VFJ[ K[ ov
s!f D{ITGF .;F,[ ;JFAGF DF8[ 5F6L A[CTZLG ;NSM K[
S[ S}JM JU[Z[ BMNFJLG[ T[GM ;JFA D{ITG[ AbXL N[JFDF\ VFJ[P
sZf D{ITG[ SM. G[S SFDGM ;JFA AbXJM A[CTZ K[P TO;LZ[
VhLhL4 5FZF VdD4 5[Hv!!#DF\ K[ ov
sVY"f o ccD]0N] VF CF,TDF\ 0}ATFGL H[D K[ S[ H[ OlZIFNZ;LGM
.gT[hFZ SZ[ K[ VG[ ;NSFVM TYF N]VFVM TYF OFT[CF VF ;DI[
B}A H p5IMUL YFI K[P VG[ V[DF\ H K[ S[4 AGL VFNDGL SF{D V[S
JZ; ;]WL VG[ lJX[To V[S lR<,F s$_ lNJ;f ;]WL DF{T 5KL VF
5|SFZGL .DNFNGL ZFC [TF ZC[ K[Pcc
s#f ;JFA AbXJFGF XaNM E J0[ VNF SZJF ;CFALGL ;]gGT
K[ P
s$f BF6] S[ XLZLGL JU[Z[G[ ;FD[ ZFBLG[ .;F,[ ;JFA SZJ]\
V[ GSGF .XFZFGF
.h K[ V[8,F DF8[ S[ ChZT ;VN
XaNM JF5ZLG[ ODF"jI]\4 VF S}JM ;VNGL DF\GF DF8[ K[ V[8,[ S[4 C[
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
153
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
YL lZJFIT K[ S[ C]h}Z
VDG[ C]SD ODF"jIF SZTF CTF S[4 VD[ J[5FZGF DF8[ T{IFZ
SZJFDF\ VFJTL RL[GL hSFT SF-TF ZCLV[P sVA} NFNf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
AGX[P T[GM DFl,S T[GFYL EFUX[ VG[ T[ ;F5 T[G[ -]\-TM OZX[ V[8,[
;]WL S[ T[G[ 5S0L ,[X[ VG[ T[G[ VF\U/LVMG[ ,]SDM AGFJX[P sVCDNf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
155
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
XZLVTf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
XZLVTf
;NSV[ lO+
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
JFlHA K[P sN]Z[" D]bTFZ4 Z], D]CTFZf
s(f H[ RLHDF\ pxZ S[ V0W] pxZ JFlHA T[DF\ S], 5[NFXG]\ pxZ
S[ V0W]\ pxZ VF5JFDF\ VFJX[P B[TLGF ;FWGM H[D S[ C/4 A/N4
;FRJGFZF VG[ SFD SZGFZFGL DH}ZL VYJF AL JU[Z[GL SDT
T[DF\GM SM. 56 BR" pxZDF\YL AFN YX[ GCP sN]Z[" D]bTFZ4 ACFZ[
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
sVY"f o ccJZ; 5}6" YTF\ TZT H JFlHA YFI K[4 lJGF phZ[
sDHA}ZL lJGFf DM0] SZGFZ U]G[CUFZ K[Pcc
s#f hSFTGL ZSD D]0NFGF SOG NOG VYJF D:HN S[ DN=;FGF
AF\WSFDDF\ GYL ,UF0L XSFTL H[D S[ OTFJF VF,DULZL4 EFUv!4
lD:ZL4 5[Hv!(&DF\ K[ ov
sVY"f o hSFTGL ZSDYL D:HN AF\WJL .h GYLP V[ H
5|DF6[ CH VG[ NZ[S T[ DF, H[DF\ DFl,SL56] K[ VG[ hSFTGF
5{;FYL D{ITG[ SOG VF5J]\ .h GYL VG[ G T[GFYL D]NF"GF SZHG[
VNF SZJ]\ .h GYL VG[ V[ H 5|DF6[ TAL.GDF\ K[P
s$f hSFTGM DF, [ D:HN VG[ DN=;M JU[Z[DF\ BR" SZJM
CMI TM ccT[GM TZLSMcc V[ K[ S[ ccSM. UZLA DF6;G[ VF5L N[cc 5KL
T[ JF5Z[ TM CJ[ ;JFA A\G[G[ D/X[P sN]Z[" D]bTFZ4 ACFZ[ XZLVTf
s5f JCFALVM S[ H[VM B]NF J Z;},
GL TF{CLG TYF XFGDF\ U]:TFBL SZ[ K[ H[DG[ VSFlAZ[ p,DFV[
CZD{G T{I{A[GV[ lA<.[OFS SFlOZ TYF D]T"N H6FjIF K[4 E,[
T[VM 5MT[ 5MTFG[ D];,DFG SC[ TM 56 T[DG[ hSFT VF5JL
CZFD VG[ ;BT CZFD K[ VG[ VF5L NLWL TM VNF YX[ GCP sACFZ[
157
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
s5f 34 HJ4 BH}Z VG[ ;}SL F p5ZF\T [ SM. VgI RLH
J0[ lO+M VNF SZJF RFC[ NFPTP RMBF4 AFHZL VG[ SM. VGFH TM
V0WM cc;FVcc 3 S[ V[S cc;FVcc HJGL SDTGM BIF, ZFBJM
50X[P sACFZ[ XZLVTf
s&f .NGF lNJ;[ T],}V[ OHZYL .NUFC HTF\ 5C[,F\ ;NSV[
lO+ SF-JM D] : TCA K[ P OTFJFV[ VF,DULZL4 EFUv!4
5[Hv!(_DF\ K[4 sVY"f o p5Z D]HA
s*f DFC[ ZDhFG VG[ ZDhFG VUFp ;NSV[ lO+ VNF SZJM
.h K[P OTFJFV[ VF,DULZL4 EFUv!4 lD:ZL4 5[Hv!*)DF\
K[4 sVY"f o p5Z D]HA
s(f cc;FVccG]\ JHG +6;M V[SFJG s#5!f ~l5IF EFZ K[P
V[8,[ S[ V\U[| X[ZDF\ RFZ X[Z K K8F\S V[S ~l5IF EFZP VG[
ccV0WM ;FVcc V[S;M ;F0F 5\RMT[Z !*5 !Z ~l5IF EFZ K[P V[8,[
A[ X[Z +6 K8F\S VF9 VFGF EFZP V[8,F DF8[ S[ ;FV T[ DFl5I]\ K[
H[DF\ VF9 ZT, VGFH VFJ[P
XZC[ JSFIF4 EFUv!4 5[HvZ#)DF\ K[ ov
sVY"f o ;FV V[S V[J]\ DF5 K[ H[DF\ VF9 ZT, ;DFI4 VG[
V[S ZT, V0WM D6 K[P
XFDL4 EFUvZ4 5[Hv*)DF\ K[ ov
sVY"f o V[S ZT, V0WM D6 K[4 H[YL cc;FVccV[ DFl5I]\
YI]\ S[ H[DF\ RFZ D6 VGFH VFJ[P ccD6ccG[ ccD]Ncc 56 SC[ K[P
H[D S[ Z], D]CTFZ4 EFUvZ4 5[Hv*) p5Z K[ ov
sVY"f o VG[ D6 H[G[ ccD]Ncc 56 K[ RF,L; ccV:TFZccGM
CMI K[ VG[ NZ[S ;F0F RFZ s$ !Z f lDQSF, YFI H[YL NZ[S D6
!(_ sV[ S ;M V[ \ ; Lf lDQSF, YIMP XZC[ JSFIF4 EFUv!4
5[ H vZ$_DF\ K[ 4 sVY" f o A[ X S D6 RF,L; V:TFZGM CMI
K[ VG[ V:TFZ ;F0F RFZ lDQSF,GM CMI K[ 4 TM D6 !(_
lDQSF, YIMP H[YL cc;FVcc T[ DF5 YI]\ S[ H[DF\ $ D6 2 !(_
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
ZMhFGL 5FSLhUL sTCFZTf Y. I sZMhM 5FS Y. If VG[ AL
TZO lD:SLGMGF DF8[ BMZFS Y. IP sVA} NFNf
5P ChZT VD| .aG[ XMV{A
5MTFGF AF5YL VG[ T[
5MTFGF NFNFYL lZJFIT SZ[ K[ S[ GAL SZLD
V[ V[S Xb;G[
DMS<IM S[ DF XZLOGL U,LVMDF\ V[,FG SZL N[ S[ ;NSV[ lO+
NZ[S D];,DFG 5Z JFlHA K[ RFC[ T[ 5]~ CMI S[ :+L4 VFhFN
CMI S[ U],FD4 GFAFl,U CMI S[ AFl,UP slTlD"hLf
;}RGF o s!f ;NSV[ lO+ DFl,S[ lG;FA 5Z JFlHA K[ S[
5MTFGF TZOYL VG[ 5MTFGF GFGF AF/SM TZOYL SF-[ IFZ[ S[AF/S
DFl,S[ lG;FA G CMI VG[ [ CMI TM AF/SGM ;NSM lO+M T[GF H
DF, J0[ VNF SZJFDF\ VFJX[P sN]Z[" D]bTFZ4 ACFZf
sZf ;NSV[ lO+GF D:V,FDF\ DFl,S[ lG;FA T[ Xb; K[ H[
;F0F AFJG TM,F RF\NL VYJF ;F0F ;FT TM,F ;MGFGM DFl,S
CMI VYJF T[DF\YL SM. V[SGL SDT H[8,M ;FDFG jIF5FZGF
DF, l;JFIGM CMI VG[ DFl,SLGL RL[ V;,L CFHTM p5ZF\TGL
CMIP
s#f ;NSV[ lO+ JFlHA YJF DF8[ ZMhM ZFBJM XT" GYL4 [
SM. phZ sDHA}ZLf NFPTP ;OZ4 ALDFZL4 3056GF JF\S[ VYJF
DVFh<,FC lJGF phZ[ G ZFbIM TM 56 JFlHA K[P sACFZ[ XZLVTf
VG[ H[D S[ Z], D]CTFZ4 EFUvZ4 5[Hv*&DF\ K[ ov
sVY"f o lO+M JFlHA K[ E,[ 6LA]hLG[ ZMhM G ZFB[P
5KL A[ ,L8LVM AFN K[ ov
sVY"f o H[6[ ZMhM G ZFbIM 3056 S[ ALDFZLGF JF\S[ VYJF
;OZGF SFZ6[ T[6[ 56 ;NSV[ lO+ VF5JM 50X[P
s$f [ AF5 UZLA CMI S[ DZL UI[, CMI TM NFNF 5Z 5MTFGF
UZLA ITLD 5F{+v5F{+LGL TZOYL ;NSV[ lO+ VF5JM JFlHA K[P
N]Z[" D]bTFZ4 AFA[ ;NST], lO+DF\ V[ H 5|DF6[ K[P
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
158
159
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
V[
VFc,F ChZT4 .DFD VCDN ZhF OFlh,[ AZ[<JL
V[ 5lZ6 SI] TM T[ DF5 H[DF\ V[S;M R]dDF,L; ~l5IF H[8,F HJ
VFJ[ T[ D F\ H !*5v5_ ~l5IF EFZ H[ 8 ,F 3 YFIP OTFJF
ZhlJiIC 4 EFUv!4 ,FCMZL4 5[ H v!$5DF\ K[ S[ 4 OSLZ[ Z*4
ZDhFG], D]AFZS lCP;P !ZZ*GF ZMH V0WM ;FV HJG]\ lGlZ6
SI] H[ AZFAZ RFZ ZT, HJGF DF5GM YIM4 T[DF\ ;DTM, 3 EZLG[
TM<IF TM V[S;M RF,L; ~l5IF H[8,F HJG[ AN,[ !*5 ~l5IF
VF9 VFGF H[8,F 3 YIF TM V0WF ;FV 3 ;NSV[ lO+G]\ JHG
!*5v5_ ~l5IFGF EFZ AZFAZ YI]\ H[ V\U[| X[ZDF\ A[X[Z +6
K8F\S VG[ VF9 VFGF H[8,F K[ V[8,F DF8[ S[ V\U[| X[ZDF\ A[ X[Z
+6 K8F\S VG[ VF9 VFGF H[8,F K[ V[8,F DF8[ S[ V\U[| X[Z (_
~l5IF H[8,F K[ V[8,[ S[ 5}ZF *5 TM,FGM K[P sDgh~, OTFJFf
U|FD
VG[ GJF DF5YL V0WF ;FV 3G]\ JHG Z lS,M U|FD $&
V[8,[ S[ A[ lS,MG[ $* U|FD ,UEU YX[ S[D S[ (_ ~l5IFGM X[Z
)## U|FDGM YFI K[P VCYL V[ JFTGL TCSLS Y. U. S[ VFc,F
ChZT OFlh,[ AZ[<JL
GM D:,S V[SND V[CT[IFT VG[ prR
SFGF ;\XMWG 5Z VFWFlZT K[P
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
s*Z_ lDQSF, 2 $ !Z DFXF = #Z$_ DFXFf ;FT;M JL;
lDQSF, V[ 8 ,[ S[ #Z$_ DFXF HJ VFJ[P J/L S[D S[ AFZ DFXFGM
TM,M YFI K[ TM ;FV T[ DF5 YI]\ H[DF\ s#Z$_ DFXF !Z = Z*_
TM,Ff +6 CZ A;M RF,L; DFXF V[8,[ Z*_ TM,F HJ YFIP
VG[ S[D S[ V[S ~l5IFG]\ JHG ;JF VuIFZ DFXF YFI K[ V[8,F
DF8[ ;FV T[ DF5 YI]\ S[ H[DF\ s#Z$_ DFXF !! DFXF = Z((
~l5IF EFZf A+L; ;M RF,L; DFXF V[8,[ Z(( ~l5IF EFZ HJ
YFIP VG[ V0WM ;FV V[ DF5 YI] \ S[ H[ D F\ V[ S ;M R] d DF,L;
~l5IF EFZ HJ YFIP J/L 3 HJ SZTF\ EFZ[ CMJFYL H[ DF5DF\
!$$ ~l5IF H[ 8 ,F HJ VF5X[ T[ D F\ T[ H DF5DF\ 3 !$$
~l5IF EZYL JW] VFJX[ P
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
lDQSF, = *Z_ lDQSF, s;FT;M JL; lDQSF,f VGFH VFJ[P
J/L VGFH C,S] EFZ[ NZ[S 5|SFZG]\ CMI K[ TM ;FVGF ;\NE"DF\
SIF VGFHGM V[TAFZ K[ m TM S[8,FS .DFDMV[ V/NGL NF/ TYF
R6FGL NF/GM V[TAFZ SIM" K[P VG[ ;NZ]xXZLVC ;FlCA[ XZC[
JSFIFV[ ODF" j I] \ S[ ccV/Ncc TYF ccR6FGL NF/cc 3YL EFZ[ CMI
K[ H[ Y L T[ DFl5I] \ NF/ VFJ[ TM GFG] YX[ VG[ T[ DF%I] \ H[ D F\
*Z_ lDQSF, 3 VFJ[ TM DM8] YX[P H[YL JW] ;FJR[TL V[DF\ K[ S[
3GM V[TAFZ SZJFDF\ VFJ[P
;NZ]xXZLVCG]\ ,BF6 VF 5|DF6[ K[ ov
160
C]h}Z
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[4 VF ;F\E/LG[ OlZxTFV[ T[GF XZLZ
5Z CFY
O[ZjIM VG[ T[GM SM- N}Z Y. UIM VG[ T[GF XZLZGM Z\U
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
161
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
BL,L p9IM VG[ RFD0L ;]\NZ Z\UGL Y. U.P tIFZAFN OlZxTFV[
S]\ S[ TG[ SIF 5|SFZGM DF, UD[ K[ m T[6[ 8 S]\ VYJF UFIP
sCNLGF ZFJL ChZT .:CFSGM XS K[ S[ T[6[ S]\ S[ UFIP DT,A S[
SM-L VG[ U\ sAM0FfDF\YL V[S[ 8 ATFjIF\ VG[ ALV[ UFIPf
C]h}Z[ ODF"jI]\ S[ T[GL .rKFG];FZ T[G[ ;EUF" 86LVM VF5JFDF\
VFJL VG[ OlZxTFV[ T[G[ V[ N]VF VF5L S[4 B]NF TFZF DF8[ T[DF\
AZST VTF ODF"J[P
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[ tIFZ AFN OlZxTM U\GL 5F;[ VFjIM
C]h}Z
VG[ 5}KI]\ S[4 TG[ S. RLH JW] 5;\N K[ m T[6[ S]\4 B}A;}ZT JF/
VG[ VF V{AG]\ N}Z YJ]\ H[GF ,LW[ ,MSM DG[ lTZ:SFZ[ K[P V[8,[ S[
U\5GP C]h}Z[ ODF"jI]\ S[4 OlZxTFV[ T[GF DFYF 5Z CFY O[ZjIM TM
T[G]\ AM0F56] sU\5Gf N}Z Y. UI]\ VG[ ;]\NZ JF/ T[G[ VTF SZJFDF\
VFjIFP 5KL OlZxTFV[ T[G[ 5}KI]\ S[4 TG[ SIM DF, 5;\N K[ m T[6[
S]\ S[4 UFIP H[YL T[G[ ;U"EF UFIM VTF SZJFDF\ VFJL VG[ T[G[
N]VF VF5L S[ B]NF TFZF VF DF,DF\ AZST VF5[P
ODF"J[ K[ S[ tIFZ AFN OlZxTM VF\W/FGL 5F;[ UIM
C]h}Z
VG[ 5}KI]\ S[4 TG[ S. RLH JW] 5;\N K[ m T[6[ S]\ S[4 V<,FC
TVF,F DFZL ALGF. s XTf DG[ 5FKL VF5L N[ H[YL C]\ DFZL
VF\BM J0[ ,MSMG[ [P C]h}Z
ODF"J[ K[ S[4 OlZxTFV[ T[GL VF\BM
5Z CFY O[ZjIM VG[ B]NFV[ T[GL T[G[ V5"6 ODF"JL NLWLP 5KL
OlZxTFV[ T[G[ 5}KI]\ S[4 SIF 5|SFZGM DF, TG[ 5;\N K[ m T[6[ S]\ S[4
ASZLVMP H[YL T[G[ JW] ArRF\ VF5GFZL ASZLVM VF5L N[JFDF\
VFJLP
5KL +6[JGF DF,MDF\ V<,FC TVF,FV[ AZST VF5L VG[
SM-L TYF U\GF 8M TYF UFIM J0[ H\U,GF\ H\U, EZF. UIF\
VG[ VF\W/FGL ASZLVMGF 8M/F\ D[NFGMDF\ N[BFJF\ ,FuIF\P
C]h}Z
ODF"J[ K[ S[ tIFZ AFN OlZxTM SM-LGF ~5DF\ T[ SM-LGL
5F;[ 5CM\rIM VG[ S]\ S[4 C]\ V[S UZLA DF6; K]\ DFZM ;OZGM
;FDFGMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
U]D YIM K[ CJ[ lGIT 9[SF6[ 5CMRJ]\ B]NFGL DC[ZAFGL VG[
VgJFZ], CNLQ
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
162
5KL C]h}Z[ ODF"jI]\ S[4 tIFZ AFN OlZxTM VF\W/FGL 5F;[ VFjIM
VG[ S]\ S[4 C]\ V[S UZLA DF6; K]\ VG[ D];FlOZ K]\4 DFZM ;OZGM
;FDFG HTM ZM K[ H[YL CJ[ lGIT 9[SF6[ 5CM\RJ]\ B]NFGL DNN VG[
TFZF hZLIFYL XI K[P TM C]\ TG[ T[ hFTGM JF:TM VF5LG[ H[6[ TG[
OZLYL AbXL K[4 V[S ASZL DF\U]\ K]\ T[GF YSL DFZL ;OZ 5}6"
SZL ,P VF\W/FV[ VF ;F\E/LG[ S]\ S[4 A[XS C]\ VF\W/M CTM4
B]NFV[ DFZL DG[ 5FKL VF5LP TM TFZ[ H[8,F 5|DF6DF\ [.V[
,. VG[ H[8,] TFZ]\ lN, RFC[ KM0L S;D K[ B]NFGL VFH[ C]\
TG[ TS,LO VF5LX GC V[ RLHG[ 5FKF VF5JFGL H[ T]\ ,. H.XP
OlZxTFV[ VF ;F\ E /LG[ S] \ S[ 4 T] \ TFZM DF, TFZL 5F;[ ZFBP
TDFZF ,MSMGL S;F{ 8 L SZJFDF\ VFJL CTL B] N F TFZFYL ZF VG[
B] X YIM VG[ TFZF ;FYLVMYL B] N F TVF,F GFZFH YIMP sA] B FZL
TYF D] :,Df
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
163
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
V[ S]\ S[ Z;},[
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[4 DF6; CD[XF\ ,MSMYL ELB DF\UTM ZC[X[
SZLD
tIF\ ;]WL S[ lSIFDTGF lNJ;[ V[ CF,TDF\ VFJX[ S[ T[GF DM-F 5Z
UMxTGL AM8L CX[ GC V[8,[ S[ VlTXI A[VFA~ Y.G[ VFJX[P
sA]BFZL XZLO TYF D]:,D XZLOf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
TFZL DNNYL Y. XS[ K[P TM C]\ TG[ T[GL hFTGM JF:TM N.G[ S[ H[6[
TG[ ;FZM Z\U4 ;FZL RFD0L VG[ DF, VF%IM K[4 V[S 8 DF\U]\ K]\ S[
T[GF YSL DFZF lGIT 9[SF6[ 5CM\RL P SM-LV[ T[GF HJFADF\ S]\
S[ 4 DFZF 5Z 36F CM K[ sV[ 8 ,L U] \ h F.X GYL S[ C] \ TFZL SF\ .
DNN SZL XS] \ P f OlZxTFV[ T[ G F HJFADF\ S] \ S[ 4 C] \ 6[ TG[
VM/B] K] \ T] \ T[ H SM-L K[ H[ G FYL ,MSM GOZT SZTF CTF VG[ T] \
OSLZ CTM4 B] N FV[ TG[ DF, VF%IM SM-LV[ S] \ 4 VF DF, 5[ - L
NZ 5[ - L DFZF BFGNFGDF\ sJFZ;FDF\ f D?IM K[ P OlZxTFV[ S] \
S[ 4 [ T] \ H} 9 M K[ TM B] N F TG[ OZL V[ J M H SZL VF5[ H[ D S[ T] \
VUFp CTMP
,[BS
;ZGFD]
ClNIM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
SFH[ ,MSMYL ELB DF\U[ K[ T[ 6[ V\UFZF\ DF\U[ K[ TM T[G[ VbTIFZ
K[ S[ JWFZ[ sV\UFZF\f DFU[ S[ YM0F\ DF\U[P sD]:,D XZLOf
;}RGF o s!f VFHSF, 36F ,MSMV[ ELB DF\UJFG[ 5MTFGM
W\WM AGFJL ,LWM K[4 3ZDF\ CZM ~l5IF K[4 C/vA/NJF/F K[4
B[TL SZ[ K[ 56 ELB DF\UJFG]\ GYL KM0TF4 IFZ[ S[ VFJF ,MSMV[
ELB DF\UJL CZFD K[P VG[ T[DG[ ELB VF5GFZ U]G[CUFZ
YFI K[P ZA TVF,F ODF"J[ K[4 sVY"f o U]GFC VG[ lhIFNTL 5Z
DNN G SZMP s5FZFv&4 Z]S}Vv5f
sZf -M,4 CFDM"lGID4 ;FZ\UL JUF0GFZFVM VG[ UFGFZFVMG[
ELB VF5JL DGF K[P sVxVT], ,dVFT4 EFUvZ4 5[Hv#_f
166
SC[ K[ S[ C]h}Z
V[ ODF"jI]\
S[4 ZDhFG VFjIM4 VF AZSTGM DCLGM K[ V<,FC TVF,FV[ T[GF
ZMhF TDFZF 5Z Oh" SIF" K[P T[DF\ VF:DFGGF NZJFVM BM,L
GFBJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ VG[ NMhBGF NZJF A\W SZL N[JFDF\ VFJ[ K[P
VG[ ;ZSX X{TFGMG[ TMS 5C[ZFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ VG[ T[DF\ V[S ZFT
V[JL K[ H[ CZ DCLGFVMYL VOh, K[P H[ T[GL AZSTMYL DC~D
ZM T[ A[XS DC~D K[P sVCDN4 lG;F.4 lDxSFTf
5P ChZT ;,DFG OFZ;L
V[ S]\ S[ C]h}Z
V[
XFAFGGF V\TDF\ JVh ODF"JLP C[ ,MSM TDFZL 5F;[ VhDTJF/M4
AZSTJF/M DCLGM VFjIMP T[ DCLGM H[ D F\ V[ S ZFT CZ
DCLGFVMYL A[CTZ K[P T[GF ZMhF V<,FC TVF,FV[ Oh" SIF" VG[
T[GL ZFTDF\ lSIFD SZJM sGDFh 5-JLf T}V V[8,[ S[ GO, .AFNT
SZ[ TM V[J]\ K[ H[D S[ VgI DCLGFVMDF\ Oh" VNF SZLP VF ;A|GM
DCLGM K[ VG[ ;A|GM ;JFA HgGT K[P VG[ VF UDbJFZLGM DCLGM
K[ VG[ VF DCLGFDF\ DMclDGG]\ lZhS JWFZL N[JFDF\ VFJ[ K[P H[
V[DF\ ZMhNFZG[ .OTFZ SZFJ[ T[GF U]GFCM DF8[ DFOL sDUlOZTf K[
VG[ T[GL UZNG NMhBYL VFhFN SZL N[JFDF\ VFJX[ VG[ T[DF\ .OTFZ
SZFJGFZG[
V[JM H ;JFA D/X[ H[JM S[ ZMhM ZFBGFZG[ D/X[4 V[ lJGF
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
167
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
S[ T[GF ;JFADF\ SF\. SDL YFIP VD[ Vh" SZL4 IF Z;},<,FC
VDFZFDF\GM NZ[S Xb; T[ RLH GYL WZFJTM H[GFYL ZMhM .OTFZ
SZFJ[P C]h}Z[ ODF"jI]\4 V<,FC TVF,F VF ;JFA T[ Xb;G[ 56 VF5X[
H[ V[S 3}\80M N}W VYJF V[S BH}Z VYJF V[S 3}\80M 5F6LYL .OTFZ
SZFJ[4 VG[ H[6[ ZMhFNFZG[ 5[8 EZLG[ BJ0FjI]\ T[G[ V<,FC TVF,F
DFZF CF{HYL T'%T SZX[4 SNL TZ:IM G YX[ V[8,[ ;]WL S[ HgGTDF\
NFB, Y. HX[P VF T[ DCLGM K[ S[ T[GM 5|FZ\lES lC:;M ZCDT K[
VG[ T[ G M DwID lC:;M DUlOZT K[ VG[ T[ G M K[ J 8GM lC:;M
HCgGDYL D]T K[P VG[ H[ 5MTFGF U],FD 5Z VF DCLGFDF\ TBOLO
SZX[ V[8,[ S[ SFD ,[JFDF\ SDL SZ[ TM V<,FC TVF,F T[G[ AbXL
N[X[ VG[ HCgGDYL VFhFN SZL N[X[P sAICSLf
&P ChZT VA} C]Z{ZC
YL lZJFIT K[ S[4 GAL SZLD
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[ ZDhFGGL K[<,L ZFTDF\ VF pdDTGL DUlOZT
YFI K[P Vh" SZJFDF\ VFJL4 T[ XA[ S K[ m ODF"jI]\4 GC4 5Z\T]
SFD SZGFZFVMG[ T[ JBT[ 5}ZL DH}ZL VF5JFDF\ VFJ[ K[P sVCDNf
*P ChZT VA} C]Z{ZC
V[ S]\ S[4 Z;},[ SZLD
V[
ODF"jI]\ S[4 H[ Xb;G[ ZMhFGL CF,TDF\ VF5MVF5 <8L VFJL I
T[GF 5Z ShF JFlHA GYL VG[ 6L A]hLG[ p<8L SZ[ T[GF 5Z ShF
JFlHA K[P slTlD"hL XZLO4 VA} NFNf
(P ChZT VA} C]Z{ZC
V[ S]\ S[ C]h}Z
V[ ODF"jI]\
S[4 H[ Xb; sZMhM ZFBLG[f A]ZL JFT SC[JFG] VG[ T[GF 5Z VD,
SZJFG] G KM0[ TM B]NF TVF,FG[ T[GL 5ZJF GYL S[ T[6[ BFJF5LJFG]\
KM0L NLW]\P sA]BFZL XZLOf
VF CNL XZLO C[ 9 / ccChZT X{ B VaN] , C D] C l
ODF"J[ K[ S[ o ccZMhM SA}, YX[ GCcc4 V[8,F DF8[ S[ ZMhFG[
Dx~V VG[ JFlHA SZJFGM DS;N V[ H E}B VG[ TZ; GYL A<S[
,hhTMGL sD DF6JFGLf bJFlCXMG[ TM0JFGM VG[ B}NUhL"GL
s:JFYL"56FGLf VFUG[ A]hFJJFGM C[T] K[ H[YL SZLG[ GO; sJf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
N[JFDF\ VFJX[P sA]BFZL TYF D]:,D XZLOf
#P ChZT VA} C]Z{ZC
SC[ K[ S[ C]h}Z
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[
IFZ[ DFC[ ZDhFGGL 5C[,L ZFT YFI K[ TM X{TFGM TYF ;ZSX
sGFODF"Gf lHgGTMG[ S[N SZL ,[JFDF\ VFJ[ K[ VG[ HCgGDGF NZJF
A\W SZL N[JFDF\ VFJ[ K[P s5KL ZDhFG 5}ZM YTF\ ;]WLf T[DF\YL SM.
NZJF[ BM,JFDF\ GYL VFJTM VG[ HgGTGF NZJF BM,L
VF5JFDF\ VFJ[ K[ TM T[DF\YL SM. NZJF[ A\W SZJFDF\ GYL VFJTMP
VG[ D]GFNL 5MSFZ[ K[ S[ C[ E,F. XMWGFZFVM ;FJWFG Y. J
VG[ A]ZF.GM .ZFNM SZGFZFVM A]ZF.YL N}Z Y. J VG[ V<,FC
36F ,MSMG[ NMhBYL VFhFN SZL VF5[ K[ VG[ NZ ZF+[ V[J]\ YFI K[P
168
V[ S]\4 C]h}Z
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[ H[GL 5F;[ V[JL ;JFZL CMI H[ VFZFDYL D\lh, ;]WL
5CM\RF0L VF5[ TM T[6[ [.V[ S[ ZMhM ZFB[ IF\ 56 ZDhFG VFJL
IP sVA} NFNf
V[ S]\ S[
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[ V<,FC TVF,FV[ sXZ.f D];FlOZYL
Z;},[ SZLD
V0WL GDFh DFO ODF"JL NLWL sV[8,[ S[ D];FlOZ RFZ ZSFTJF/L
Oh" GDFh A[ 5-[f VG[ D];FlOZ4 N}W 5LJ0FJGFZL VG[ ;UEF" :+LYL
ZMhM DFO ODF"JL NLWM sV[8,[ S[ T[ ,MSMG[ .hT K[ S[ T[ ;DI[
ZMhM G ZFB[4 AFNDF\ ShF SZ[Pf sVA} NFN4 lTlD"hLf
ChZT X{B VaN], C D]Cl NC[<JL
VF CNL
C[9/ ODF"J[ K[ S[ ov
sVY"f o N}W 5LJ0FJGFZL VG[ ;UEF" :+LG[ ZMhF G ZFBJFGL
K}8 S[J/ V[ :YlTDF\ K[ S[ AF/SMG[ VYJF B}N 5MTFG[ ZMhFYL
G]S;FG 5CM\R[P sGC TM K}8 GYLf
!!P ChZT VA} V{I}A Vg;FZL
V[ S]\ S[ C]h}Z
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[4 H[6[ ZDhFGGM ZMhM ZFbIM 5KL tIFZAFN K ZMhF
XjJF,GF ZFbIF TM 6[ T[6[ CD[XF\ ZMhF ZFbIFP sD]:,D XZLOf
!ZP ChZT VA} STFNF
V[ S]\ S[ Z;},[ SZLD
V[
ODF"jI]\ S[4 DG[ B]NF TVF,FGL ZCDTYL pdDLN K[ S[ VZOFGF lNJ;GM
ZMhM V[S JZ; VUFpGF VG[ V[S ;F, 5FK/GF U]GFC N}Z SZL
N[X[P sD]:,D XZLOf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
V[
ODF"jI]\ S[4 C[ VA}hZ IFZ[ sSM.f DCLGFDF\ +6 lNJ; ZMhF ZFBTM
CMI TM T[Z4 RF{pN VG[ 5\NZ TFZLBMV[ sZMhFf ZFB[P slTlD"hL4 lG;F.f
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
KM0TF G CTF o s!f VFX}ZFGM ZMhM sZf lh, CHGF
ZMhF sV[SYL GJ ;]WLf s#f NZ DCLGFGF +6 ZMhF s$f A[
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
.rKFVMGL TZO VFSF"JFG[ AN,[ B]NFGF C]SDM 5Z RF,GFZM AGL
IP sVxVT], ,dVFT4 EFUvZ4 5[Hv(5f
ZMhM .OTFZ SZJM4 BFJ] \ 4 5LJ] \ .h GYLP sN] Z [ " D] b TFZ4 OTFJF
ZhlJiICf H[YL VgI ,MSM [ D:HNDF\ .OTFZ SZJF .rKTF CMI
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
170
15v00
0 5[8=G OL s!! J" DF8[f
~FP
!___v__
0 VFJG
~FP
Z5__v__
0 lJN[X DF8[ 5[8=G
150v00
0 lJN[X DF8[ VFJG
250v00
vl,P 58[, XaALZ V,L ZhJL sT\+L o AZSFT[ bJFf DMP )$Z*$ &$$!!
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
171
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
TM V[cT[SFOGL lGiIT SZLG[ D:HNDF\ I4 SF\. lh TYF N]~N XZLO
5-IF AFN CJ[ BF. 5L XS[ K[4 56 VF :YlTDF\ 56 D:HNGM
V[CT[ZFD H~ZL K[P VFHSF, D]\A. JU[Z[GL DM8FEFUGL D:HNMDF\
A<S[ S[ 8 ,FS UFD0FVMDF\ 56 .OTFZGF ;DI[ D:HNGL 36L
A[C]ZDTL SZFI K[ H[ GF.h VG[ CZFD K[P .DFD TYF D:HNGF
D] T J<,LVMV[ VF AFAT 5| t I[ wIFG VF5J] \ H~ZL K[ 4 GC TM
lSIFDTGF lNJ;[ ;bT 5}KTFK YX[P
172
VgJFZ], CNLQ
173
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
D]HA UJFCL VF5[ S[4 ccC]\ UJFCL VF5] K]\ S[ O,F6FGF 5]+
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
ChZT X{B VaN], C D]Cl NC[<JL
ODF"J[ K[ S[4
VF CNL XZLOYL ;FlAT YI]\ S[ V[S 5]~ ccD:T}Zcc V[8,[ S[ H[G]\
174
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
175
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
GM .XF"N[ lUZFDL K[ S[ ov
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
GF ODF"G[
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
176
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
Z]\ K[ TM V[JF XC[ZMGL BAZM A<S[ TJFT]Z sV;\bI BAZMf 56
SFlA,[ SA}, GYLP sOTFJF ZhlJiIC4 EFUv$4 5[Hv55#f
VG[ H[D S[ N]Z[" D]bTFZ4 AC[ ~IT[ lC,F,DF\ K[ p5ZF\T4 XFDL4
EFUvZ4 5[Hv)*DF\ 56 V[ lJX[ K[P
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
5[Hv5$*f
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
XA[ S
V[ ODF" j I] \ S[ IFZ[
ZDhFGGM DCLGM X~ YIM TM C]h}Z
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[ VF DCLGM
TDFZFDF\ VFjIM K[ VG[ T[DF\ V[S ZFT V[JL K[ H[ CZ DCLGFVMYL
A[CTZ K[P TM H[ Xb; V[GL AZSTMYL J\lRT ZM T[ TDFD
E,F.VMYL J\lRT ZM VG[ GYL J\lRT ZFBJFDF\ VFJTM
T[ G L E,F.VMYL 56 T[ H[ TG A[ G ;LA CMIP s.aG[
DFHCf
ZP ChZT VF.XF
V[ S]\ S[ C]h}Z
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[4
ZDhFGGF K[J8GF N;SFGL V[SL ZFTMDF\ XA[ SG[ XMWMP sA]BFZL
XZLOf
#P ChZT VF.XF
$P ChZT VF.XF
V[ ODF" j I] \ C] h } Z
H[ 8 ,L
ZDhFGGF K[ < ,F N;SFDF\ s.TFVT TYF .AFNT DF8[ f SMlXX
ODF"JTF CTF V[8,L SM. VgI N;SFDF\ ODF"JTF G CTFP sD]:,D
XZLOf
5P ChZT VG;
V[ S]\ S[ Z;},[ SZLD
V[ ODF"jI]\
S[ IFZ[ XA[S VFJ[ K[ TM lHA|.,
OlZxTFVMGL
HDFVTGL ;FY[ VFJ[ K[ VG[ NZ[S T[ A\NF DF8[ DUlOZTGL
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
s(f IFZ[ .:,FDL AFNXFC VG[ XZ. SFhL SM. G CMI TM
XC[ZGM ;F{YL DM8M ;]gGL ;CLC], VSLNF D]OTL T[DGF :YFG[ sSF.D
D]SFDf U6FX[ VG[ IF\ SM. D]OTL G CMI TM VFD D];,DFGM
;D RF\NGL UJFCL VF5JFDF\ VFJ[P sOTFJF ZhlJiIC4 EFUv$4
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
178
F
6767
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
179
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
V[T[SFO
!P ChZT VF.XF
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
180
VgJFZ], S]VF"G
s5[;v!Z$4 ClNIM o Z_ ~FP4 85F, BR" o 5 ~FPf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
181
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
!P ChZT pQDFG
V[ S]\ S[ C]h}Z
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[4
TDFZFDF\ A[CTZLG Xb; T[ K[ H[6[ S]VF"G XLbI]\ VG[
VgIMG[ XLBjI]\P sA]BFZL XZLOf
ZP ChZT DVFh H]CGL
V[ S]\ S[4 Z;},[ SZLD
V[
ODF"jI]\ S[ H[ Xb; S]VF"GG[ 5-[ VG[ T[GF 5Z VD, SZ[ TM
lSIFDTGF lNJ;[ T[GF DF\ AF5G[ V[JM TFH 5C[ZFJJFDF\
VFJX[ S[ T[GL ZMXGL N]lGIFGF ;}ZHGL ZMXGL JWLG[ CX[
IFZ[ S[ ;}ZHG[ V[8,M GS WFZL ,[JFDF\ VFJ[ S[ 6[
TDFZF 3ZMDF\ pTZL VFjIM K[P TM TD[ ;D XSM KM S[ IFZ[ DF\
AF5GM VF DT"AM CX[ TM T[ Xb;GM X]\ NZ[ CX[ H[6[ S]VF"G[ SZLD
5Z VD, SIM"P sVCDNf
#P ChZT .aG[ D:N
V[ S]\ S[ C]h}Z
V[ ODF"jI]\
S[ H[ Xb; lSTFA]<,FCDF\YL V[S CO" sVZf 5-[ TM T[G[ NZ[S CO"GF
AN,[ V[S G[SL D/X[ VG[ NZ[S G[SL N; G[SLVM AZFAZ CX[P C]\
Vl,O ,FD DLDG[ V[S CO" GYL SC[TM A<S[ Vl,O V[S CO" K[ VG[
,FD V[S CO" K[ VG[ DLD V[S CO" K[P slTlD"hL4 NFZDLf
S] V F" G DF\ S] , #4Z!4Z&* C] ~ O sVZMf K[ H[ Y L VFBF
S]VF"GGL lT,FJT SZJFYL #Z4!Z4&*_ G[SLVM D/X[P
$P ChZT AZFV
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[4 V[S DF6; ;}ZV[ SCO
5-L ZM CTM VG[ T[GL GS V[S TZO 3M0M A[ Z:;LVMYL AF\W[,M
CTM T[ 3M0F 5Z V[S JFN/ KJF. UI]\ VG[ 3M0FGL GS YI]\ VG[
3M0FV[ T[G[ [.G[ pK/JF S]NJFG] X~ SI]P IFZ[ ;JFZ Y. TM T[6[
GL lBNDTDF\ CFHZ Y.G[ 5|;\U J6"jIMP VF5[ ODF"jI]\
C]h}Z
S[ V[ ;SLGC V[8,[ ZCDT CTL H[ S]VF"G 5-JFGF ;AA[ GFlh,
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
sZf V[cT[SFO SZGFZ N]lGIFJL JFT G SZ[P S]VF"G DNGL
lT,FJT SZ[4 CNL XZLO 5-[4 VG[ N]~N XZLO 5]QS/ 5-[P cc.<D[
VG[ VgI
NLG XLBJF XLBJF0JFDF\ DxU}, ZC[Pcc C]h}Z
V\lAIFV[ lSZFD
VG[ VF{l,IFV[ V[hFDGL ;LZT sJG
RlZ+fGL lSTFAM 5-[ H[D S[ OTFJF VF,DULZL4 EFUv!4 lD:ZL4
5[Hv!)( DF\ V[ H 5|DF6[ K[P
s#f D]:TCA V[cT[SFOGL ;Z/ ZLT V[ K[ S[ IFZ[ 56
182
183
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
TYF D]:,Df
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
*P ChZT VG;
V[ S]\ S[ C]h}Z
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[4
NZ[S RLHG]\ lN, K[ VG[ S]VF"GG]\ lN, ;}ZV[ IF;LG K[P H[YL H[
Xb; ;}ZV[ IF;LG 5-X[ T[GF DF8[ N; S]VF"G 5-JFGM ;JFA
,BJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P slTlD"hL4 NFZDLf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
184
sACFZ[ XZLVTf
s5f VFBF S]VF"G DNG[ lCOh sDM-[ IFNf SZJ]\ Oh[" lSOFIC
K[P VG[ ;}ZV[ OFlTCF VG[ V[S VgI GFGL ;}ZT VYJF T[GF
AZFAZ V[8,[ cc+6 GFGL VFITMcc VYJF ccV[S DM8L VFITccG[
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
185
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
D] b TFZf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
lCOh SZJL JFlHA[ V{G K[P sACFZ[ XZLVT4 EFUv#4 5[Hv#_54 N]Z["
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
186
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
187
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
lSTFA], CH
YL lZJFIT K[ S[ T[ GAL
GL lBNDTDF\ CFHZ YIF VG[ Vh" SZL4 IF Z;},<,FC
SZLD
DFZF J' l5TF V[8,F VXT K[ S[ CH TYF pDZF sSZJFfGL XT
GYL WZFJTF VG[ G ;JFZL 5Z D];FOZL SZJFGL T[DGFDF\ TFSFT K[P
VF5[ ODF"jI]\4 T]\ AF5GF TZOYL CH TYF pDZF SZL ,[P slTlD"hL
XZLO4 VA} NFNf
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[ C]h}Z
GL
lBNDTDF\ V[S Xb;[ CFHZ Y.G[ Vh" SZL4 DFZL AC[G[ CHGL
GhZ sDgGTf DFGL CTL sVG[ GhZ 5}ZL SZTF\ 5C[,F\f T[6L D'tI]
5FDLP VF5[ ODF"jI]\ S[4 [ T[6L p5Z N[J]\ CMT TM X]\ T[G[ VNF SZL
VF5T m T[6[ Vh" SZL4 CFP VF5[ ODF"jI]\4 TM 5KL B]NF TVF,FG]\
SZH 56 VNF SZ S[ T[G[ VNF SZJ]\ VlWS VFJxIS K[P sA]BFZL4
D] :,Df
V[ S]\ C]h}Z
V[ ODF"jI]\
S[4 cc:+L DCZD lJGF SNL 56 ;OZ G SZ[ E,[ T[ CHGL ;OZ 56
S[D G CMIP sA]BFZL TYF D]:,Df
)P ChZT V,L
V[ S]\ S[4 Z;},[ SZLD
V[ ODF"jI]\
S[ H[ ;OZGM ;FDFG VG[ AIT]<,FC ;]WL 5CM\RJFGL ;JFZLGF
;FWGMGM DFl,S CMI VG[ TM 56 T[6[ CH G SZL TM
T[GF IC}NL TYF G;ZFGL slB|:TLf Y.G[ DZJFDF\ SM. OZS
GYLP VG[ VF V[ 8 ,F DF8[ S[ V<,FC TVF,FV[ ODF" j I] \ K[ 4
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
188
189
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
5[Hv*!)f
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
5[ N F SZ[ P 56 VO;M; S[ V[ J ] \ SZJFG[ AN,[ tIF\ Y L Z[ l 0IM
sJLP0LPVMPf ,FJLG[ 5MTFGF ;UF ;\A\WLG[ VF5[ K[ H[GFYL T[VM
DM8F EFUGM ;DI UFIGM ;F\ E /LG[ U] G FCMGL SDF6L SZ[ K[
;FYM;FY Z[l0IM sJLP0LPVMf ,FJGFZ CF ;FCAG]\ VFDF,GFD]
56 SF/] lRTZFT] ZC[ K[P V<VIFh] lA<,FlC TVF,FP sVZ[ CJ[
Z[l0IMDF\ VFJTF\ jIlERFZGM E6L VFS"TF\ UFIGMG[ 56 SM6 5}K[
K[ m CJ[ TM GuGTFEIM" GFR SZTF\ 5ZFIF\ :+L5]~MGF A[XZDL
EIF" GFRUFG4 K[0KF04 A/FtSFZ K[0TLGF\ xIM p5ZFT\ U{Z SF{DGF
S]L SFDMGF\ xIM TYF U\NF ULTMG[ DF\AF54 EF. AC[G4 ;F;] ;;ZF
;F{ ;CS]8]\A H]V[ K[ VG[ 5lZ6FD[ DFCM,DF\ A[CIF.GL AM,AF,F4
VF0F ;\A\WM VG[ jIlERFZGM ZMU O[,F. ZM K[ V[JF\ U\NF ;BT
U]GFC DF8[ 5[|ZTF\ 5MTF\ ;FWGM 8LPJLP4 JLP0LPVMP ,FJ[ K[ SM6
,FJ[ K[ m B]NFGL AFZUFCDF\ U]GFCMYL 5FS YJF HGFZF CFVM
V:TUlOZ]<,FC XZD GYL VFJTL m CFG]\ lN, TM 5lJ+ Y.G[
U]GFCYL 0ZLG[ N}Z EFUGFZ]\ CMJ]\ [.V[ T[G[ AN,[ VFHGF CFVM
K[ S[ X{TFGG[ H 3ZDF\ J;FJJF ;FY[ H ,[TF VFJ[ K[ B]NFV[ VF5[,L
NF{,TGM p5IMU Y. ZM K[ E},L G HTF 5F. 5F.GM lC;FA
lSIFDTDF\ VF5JFGM YX[ TM tIF\ SIF DM-[ HJFA VF5XM S[ GFUF\
xIM [JF DF8[ VD[ JLP0LPVM4 8LPJLP BZLNIF\ CTF\ OFl;S4 SFlOZ4
GF.h ZDTM ZDTF B[,F0LVMG[ h]DL h]DLG[ [TF ZCL4 U]GFCM
SZTF ZCL4 GDFhMGL 5ZJF SIF" lJGF X{TFGL B[,MDF\ ZrIF 5rIF
ZC[JF DF8[ 8LPJLP4 JLP0LPVMP BZLNLG[ VF ZSD BRL" CTL SIF
DM-[ B]NFGL AFZUFCDF\ HAFG BM,XM m TF{AF SZM VG[ V[ X{TFGL
ZDS0FG[ C 56 3ZDF\YL SF-L GFBM GC TM HCgGDGM VhFA
KM0X[ GCP vVG]JFNSf
s(f H[6[ 5FS DF,4 5FS SDF.4 5FS lGiITYL CH SZL VG[
T[DF\ ,0F.4 h30F T[DH NZ[S 5|SFZGF U]GFCM TYF GFODF"GLYL ArIM4
5KL CH AFN T]Z\T D'tI] 5FdIM4 V[8,L 56 DMC,T G D/L S[ H[
C]S}S]<,FC VYJF C]S}S], V[AFN T[GF lHdD[ CTF T[G[ VNF SZ[ VYJF
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
R[TJ6L o s!f N[BFJ BFTZ CH SZJL VG[ CZFD DF, J0[
CH SZJ]\ CZFD K[P sN]Z[" D]bTFZ4 Z], D]CTFZ4 ACFZ[ XZLVT4 EFUv&4
190
191
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VCDN ZhFf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
ACZDF\ S]\ K[ sV[ H 5|DF6[fP DT,A SZH JU[Z[ VF5J]\ H 50X[4
GDFh4 ZMhF 5}ZF SZJF H 50X[P
VxVT] , ,dVFT4 EFUvZ4 5[ H v#_ZDF\ K[ o sVY" f o
SC[JFI K[ S[ CH SA}, YJFGL lGXFGL V[ K[ S[ 5C[,F\ SZTF\
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VNF SZJFGL lO SZ[ TM CH SA}, YJFGL ;}ZTDF\ EZ5}Z pdDLN
K[ S[ V<,FC TVF,F 5MTFGF TDFD CMG[ DFO ODF" J L N[ VG[
A\NFVMGF CM 5MTFGF SZDGF lHdD[ ,.G[ CNFZMG[ lSIFDTGF
lNJ;[ ZF SZ[ VG[ h30FYL GT AbX[P sVVHA], .DNFN l,, .DFD
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
192
GF ZMhF D]AFZSGL
lhIFZT G SZJL ANAbTLGL V,FDT slGXFGLf K[P
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
193
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
DNLGF T{IA
[ CGL CFHZL
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
195
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
sVY"f o A[XS C]h}Z
AFCIFT K[4 T[DG[ ZM 5[X
SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ VG[ T[DGFYL DNN DF\UL XSFI K[P
VG[ ChZT X{B VaN], C D]Cl NC[<JL A]BFZL
V[ 5MTFGF DST]A ;],}S VSZA]:;{ l, lAJH]lC .,F ;{lIlNZ]";},
DV ccVbAFZ], VbIFZccDF\ ODF"J[ K[4 sVY"f o pdDTGF p,DFDF\
VF8,F DTE[NM VG[ DhCAMGL VlWTF CMJF KTF\ ccSM. Xb;G[
VF D:V,FDF\ SM. DTE[N GYL S[ VF\ ChZT
sN]lGIFJLf
CIFTGL CSLST ;FY[ SFID VG[ AFSL K[Pcc VF GAJL CIFTDF\
DhGL D[,[, S[ TFJL,GM JC[D GYL4 VG[ pdDTGF VFDF, 5Z
CFlhZM GFlhZ K[P T[DH CSLSTGF TFl,AMGF DF8[ VG[ T[ ,MSMGF
DF8[ S[ VF\ ChZTGL TZO TJ[C ZFB[ K[ TM C]h}Z T[DG[ OIh
AbXGFZF VG[ T[DGF D]ZaAL K[P
s$f 5FZFvZ#4 K[<,M Z]S}V4 VFIT[ SZLDC .gGS D{IT]GDF\
H[ C]h}Z
GF DF8[ DF{T VFJJFGM p<,[B SIM" TM T[GM DT,A VF
VF,D[ N]lGIFYL D]gTlS, YJ]\ K[ VG[ D]AFZS CNLMDF\ CIFTYL
lJ;F, AFNGL CSLSL HNUL D]ZFN K[P
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
196
C,F, ZM 0
V[ S]\ S[ C]h}Z
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[4 sXZLVTGF VgIf OhM" AFN C,F, ZM CF\;,
SZJL Oh" K[P sAICSL4 lDxSFT XZLOf
ZP ChZT VA}A
V[ S]\ S[ ;ZSFZ[ VSN;
V[
ODF"jI]\ S[4 ccH[ XZLZG[ CZFD BMZFS VF5JFDF\ VFjIM T[ HgGTDF\
5|J[X 5FDX[ GCPcc sAICSL4 lDxSFTf
#P ChZT VA} C]Z{ZC
V[ S]\ S[4 Z;},[ SZLD
V[
ODF"jI]\ S[4 cc,MSM 5Z V[S ;DI V[JM 56 VFJX[ IFZ[ SM. V[
JFTGL 5ZJF SZX[ GC S[ T[6[ H[ DF, 5|F%T SIM" K[ T[ C,F, K[ S[
CZFD mccsA]BFZL XZLOf
VgJFZ], CNLQ
197
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
pDNF J[5FZL 0
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VF8,M DH}ZL 5[8[ VF5JFDF\ VFJX[ sVYJF B[TZ STZFjI]\ VG[
T[DF\YL DH}ZL VF5JFG]\ GL SI]f VF ;F{ :YlTVM GF.h K[P
CF4 5{;F VG[ S[8,FS 3 VYJF AFHZL JU[Z[ DH}ZL lGlT
SZ[ TM .h K[P ccACFZ[ XZLVTccDF\ K[ S[ .h YJFGL :YlT V[
K[ S[4 H[ SF\. DH}ZL 5[8[ VF5J]\ K[ T[G[ 5|YDYL H V,U SZL VF5[
S[ VF TDFZL DH}ZL K[P NFPTP ;}TZG[ A[ EFU SZLG[ V[S EFU lJX[
S]\ S[4 VFGF J0[ S50] J6L VF5M VG[ AL[ EFU VF%IM S[ VF
TDFZL DH}ZL K[ VYJF VGFH RSGFZG[ T[ H VGFHDF\YL SF-LG[
VF5[ S[ VF TFZL DH}ZL K[ VG[ VF VGFH O,F6[ 9[SF6[ 5CM\RF0L
VF5 sH[D S[f E}\HJFJF/F 5|YDYL H 5MTFGL DH}ZL SF-L ,.G[
5KL E}\H[ K[P sN]Z[" D]bTFZf
sZf S[8,FS ,MSM V[JL ZLT[ B[TZ STZFJ[ K[ S[ VD[ J3F NL9
VYJF NZZMH RFZ X[Z 0F\UZ DH}ZL 5[8[ VF5L N.X]\ 56 V[ GYL
GL SZTF S[ VD[ TFZF SFD SZ[,FDF\YL VF5LX]\4 CJ[ E,[ T[ SFD
SZ[,FDF\YL VF5[ TM 56 SM. JF\WM GYLP sN]Z[" D]bTFZf
s#f S50] ;LJJF DF8[ VF%I]\ TM NZV[ T[DF\YL SF5L ,LW]\4 ~
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XS[ sT,FS 5FKL B[\RL XS[f K[4 E,[ :+L ZF CMI S[ G CMIP VG[
.T AFN VF{ZTGL DZYL lGSFC SZL XS[ K[P C,F,FGL H~ZT
GYLP
AF.G T,FSGM DT,A V[ K[ S[ VF{ZTGL DZYL 5lT .TGL
V\NZ lGSFC SZL XS[ K[ S[ .T 5KL 56 C,F,FGL H~ZT GYLP
VG[ D]U<,hC T,FSGM DT,A V[ K[ S[ VF{ZT C,F,F lJGF
5|YD 5lTGF DF8[ .h YX[ GCP sJW] DF8[ ACFZ[ XZLVTDF\ H]VMf
sZf C,F,FGL ZLT V[ K[ S[ [ DNB},C s5lTYL ;\EMU 5FD[,f
K[ TM .T 5}ZL YIF AFN AL ;FY[ lGSFC SZ[4 T[GF ;FY[ ;\EMU
SZ[P CJ[ V[ AL 5lTGF D'tI]YL VYJF T,FS VF5JFYL OZL .T
5}6" YIF AFN 5|YD 5lT ;FY[ lGSFC SZL XS[ K[P VG[ [ :+L
DNB},C s5lT ;FY[ ;\EMU 5FD[,f GYL TM 5|YD 5lTGF T,FS
VF%IF AFN T]Z\T AL ;FY[ lGSFC SZL XS[ K[ V[8,F DF8[ S[ U{Z
DNB},C DF8[ .T GYLP sVF,DULZL4 ACFZ[ XZLVT JU[Z[PPPf
CNL XZLODF\ C,F,M SZGFZ VG[ C,F,M SZFJGFZ 5Z H[ ,VGT
VFJL K[ T[ G M DT,A V[ K[ S[ .AMvS] A } , DF\ slGSFC J[ / Ff
C,F,FGL XZT ZFBJFDF\ VFJ[P VG[ [ .AMvS]A},DF\ C,F,FGL
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
220
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
lNJ;P
VG[ T,FSJF/L :+L [ ;UEF" CMI TM T[GL .T 56 ;]JFJ0
;]WL K[ H[D S[ 5FZFvZ(4 Z]S}Vv!*DF\ K[ ov
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
5KL TD[ T,FS VF5L NLWL T[DG[ V[ 5C[,F\ S[ TD[ T[DGL ;FY[ ;\EMU
SIM" TM T[GF DF8[ SM. .T GYLP
R[TJ6L o ,MSMDF\ H[ DxC}Z K[ S[ T,FSJF/L :+LGL .T +6
DCLGF T[ Z lNJ; K[ TM VF TG U,T VG[ 5FIFCLG K[ H[ G L
XZLVTDF\ SM. V:, GYLP
222
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
sVY" f o T[ ,MSM H[ V M TDFZFDF\ Y L DZL I VG[ 5MTFGL
ALALVMG[ KM0L N[ K[ TM T[ ZMS[,L ZFB[ 5MT[ 5MTFG[ RFZ DCLGF N;
ZP ChZT ;OLGC
lDxSFT XZLOf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
223
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
!P ChZT lAZ
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
(P ChZT VA} C]Z{ZC
YL lZJFIT K[ S[ Z;},[ SZLD
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[ H[ Xb; SF\RL0M VG[ ;SA,LG[ 5|YD hF58DF\
DFZ[ T[GF VFDF,GFDFDF\ ;M G[SLVM ,BJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ VG[ ALDF\
T[GFYL SD VG[ +LDF\ V[YLI SDP sD]:,D XZLOf
R[TJ6L o s!f T[ SFU0M H[ D]ZNFZ BFI K[ CZFD K[4 H[D S[
N]Z[" D]bTFZDF\ K[P VG[ ccDC]SFcc H[ SFU0F H[J]\ V[S GJZ CMI K[ T[
C,F, K[P sZ], D]CTFZf
sZf DFK,L l;JFI 5F6LGF ;F{ GJZM CZFD K[4 H[D S[ SFRAM4
DUZDrK JU[Z[P
s#f hUFG]\ DFK,L CMJF lJX[ DTE[N K[ H[YL T[GFYL ARJ]\
A[CTZ K[P sACFZ[ XZLVTf
s$f 5F6LDF\ SM. V[JL RLH GFBL NLWL S[ H[GFYL DFK,L DZL
U. VG[ V[JL BAZ K[ S[ V[ RLH GFBJFYL DZL K[ TM T[ DFK,L
C,F, K[P sN]Z[" D]bTFZf
s5f ;;,] H[ lA,F0L H[D V[S h05L NM0GFZ GJZ CMI K[
T[ C,F, K[P lCNFIC4 5[Hv$Z5DF\ K[4 ccSM. H JF\WM GYL V[
;;,FG[ BFJFDF\ V[8,F DF8[ S[ GAL
V[ BFW]\ IFZ[ S[ Z;},[
SFIGFT TZO SM.S[ ;;,FGF SFRF DF\;GM ClNIM DMS<IM4 VG[ C]SD
VF%IM V<,FCGF GAL
V[ 5MTFGF ;CFALVMG[ T[G[ BFJFGMPcc
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
5P ChZT VF.XF
YL lZJFIT K[ S[ Z;},[
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[ IFZ[ sGJZf hAC SZJ]\ CMI TM AZFAZ
SZLD
ZLT[ hAC SZM4 5MTFGL KZLG[ T[ H SZL ,M4 VG[ hAC YGFZ
shALCFfG[ TS,LO G 5CM\RF0MP sD]:,D XZLOf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
225
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
XZLOf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
s#f D]xZS VG[ JCFAL D]T"N TYF GF:TS4 G[RZLG]\ hAC SZ[,
GJZ CZFD TYF D]ZNFZ K[P
s$f CN]V[ S]\ S[ VF D];,DFG[ hAC SZ[,]\ K[ TM T[G[ BFJ]\
.h GYL4 VG[ [ V[J]\ S]\ S[ C]\ D];,DFG 5F;[YL BZLNLG[ ,FjIM
K]\ TM T[G[ BFJ]\ .h K[P
N]Z[" D]bTFZDF\ K[ ov
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
;}RGF o s!f hACDF\ RFZ ZUM SF5JFDF\ VFJ[ K[P F;G/L
H[DF\ F;MrKJF; RF,[ K[4 VgGG/L H[GFYL BFJF 5F6L pTZ[ K[4
T[ A\G[GL VFH]AFH] JW] T[ G/LVM CMI K[ H[DF\ ,MCL JC[T]\ K[4 T[G[
ccJNGcc SC[ K[P sN]Z[" D]bTFZ4 ACFZ[ XZLVTf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[4 H[ S}TZF VYJF AFhG[ TDFZF YSL XLBJF0[,]\
CMI VG[ 5KL V<,FC TVF,FG]\ GFD ,.G[ T[G[ lXSFZ 5Z KM0L
N[JFDF\ VFJ[ TM H[ GJZG[ V[ TDFZF DF8[ 5S0L ZFB[ sVG[ 5MT[ G
BFIf TM T[G[ TD[ BF. ,MP D[\ Vh" SZL4 lXSFZG[ DFZL GFB[ TM 56 m
C]h}Z[ ODF"jI]\4 IFZ[ lXSFZG[ DFZL GFB[ VG[ 5MT[ T[DF\YL SF\. G
BFI TM lXSFZG[ T[6[ TFZF DF8[ 5S0L ZFbIM K[P sVA} NFN4 lDxSFT
226
227
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
TYF 5yYZGM lXSFZ C,F, GYLP
s!Zf H[ lXSFZ XMB 5}ZTM S[J/ VFG\N 5}ZTM CMI4 A\N}S4
lU,M,GM CMI E,[ DFK,LGM4 NZZMH CMI S[ SNL SNL4 D]t,SG
lA,.[OFS CZFD K[P N]Z[" D]bTFZ lSTFA]:;INDF\ K[4 T[ .h K[
56 V<,FC VSAZ 5-GFZFVM DF8[4 H[D S[ T[ C[Z K[P
s!#f S[ 8 ,FS ,MSM DFK,LVMGF lXSFZDF\ JTL DFK,L
VYJF JTL N[0SL SF\8FDF\ 5ZMJL N[ K[ VG[ T[GFYL DM8L DFK,L
O;FJ[ K[ V[J]\ SZJ]\ DGF K[ S[ T[GFYL GJZG[ . VF5J]\ K[4 V[ H
ZLT[ JT] V/l;I] 5ZMJLG[ lXSFZ SZ[ K[ V[ 56 DGF K[P sACFZ[
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
DFNFDF\ [JF D/[ VYJF B}N T[ GJZG]\ lJI" CMI4 T[ ,MCL H[ UE"DF\
lJI"YL AG[ K[4 T[ DF\;GM 8}S0M H[ UE"DF\ G]tOFYL AG[ K[ RFC[ V\UM
AgIF\ CMI S[ G CMI4 TFdD], B<ST V[8,[ S[ H[ UE"DF\ VFB] GJZ
AGL UI]\ VG[ DZ[,]\ GLS?I]\ VYJF hAC lJGF DZL UI]\P
s(f VF{l,IFV[ lSZFDGL GhZM lGIFhGM UMxT .h K[ IFZ[
S[ lA:D<,FlC V<,FC] VSAZ SCLG[ hAC SZJFDF\ VFjI]\ CMIP
H[D S[ TO;LZFT[ VCDlNIC4 5[Hv$Z4 5FZFvZGL VFIT[ SZLDC
GF C[9/ K[ o T[ UFIM H[ KM0JFDF\ VFJL CMI
VF{l,IFV[ lSZFDGF DF8[ H[D S[ VF56F ;DIGM lZJFH K[ T[ C,F,
K[4 5FS K[ V[8,F DF8[ S[ hAC SZTL J[/F T[GF p5Z V<,FC l;JFIG]\
GFD ,[JFDF\ GYL VFJT]\4 E,[ T[ UFI V<,FCGF J,LVMGF DF8[
KM0L N[JFDF\ VFJ[P
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
228
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[ C]h}Z
GF
;CFALVMV[ Vh" SZL S[4 IF Z;},<,FC VF S]AF"GLVM X]\ K[ m
GL ;]gGT K[P
VF5[ ODF"jI]\4 V[ TDFZF AF5 ChZT .A|FCLD
;CFALVMV[ Vh" SZL4 IF Z;},<,FC X]\ V[GFYL VDG[ ;JFA
D/X[ m ODF"jI]\4 NZ[S AF,GF AN,[ V[S G[SL D/X[P Vh" SZL4 VG[
G IF Z;},<,FC m TM VF5[ ODF"jI]\ S[ GGF NZ[S JF/GF AN,FDF\
56 V[S G[SL D/X[P sVCDN4 .aG[ DFHCf
ZP ChZT VF.XF
V[ S]\ S[4 Z;},[ SZLD
V[ ODF"jI]\
S[4 S]AF"GLGF lNJ;MDF\ .aG[ VFNDGM SM. VD, B]NF TVF,FGL
GS ,MCL JCFJJFYL sV[8,[ S]AF"GL SZJFYLf VlWS %IFZM GYLP
VG[ T[ GJZ lSIFDTGF lNJ;[ 5MTFGL XUM4 JF/M4 BZLVM ;FY[
VFJX[ VG[ S]AF"GLG]\ ,MCL HDLG 5Z 50TF\ 5C[,F\ B]NF TVF,F
GS SA},GF DSFD[ 5CM\RL I K[P slTlD"hL XZLO4 .aG[ DFHCf
#P ChZT CGX
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[4 D[\ ChZT V,L
G[ A[ 3[8F\ hAC SZTF\ [IF4 D[\ 5}KI]\4 VF X]\ K[ m T[D6[ ODF"jI]\ S[4
V[ DG[ Jl;iIT ODF"JL K[ S[ C]\ C]h}ZGF TZOYL S]AF"GL
C]h}Z
SIF" SZ]\4 TM C]\ sALH] 3[8]\f C]h}ZGF TZOYL hAC SZL ZM K]\P sVA}
NFNf
V[ S]\ S[ C]h}Z
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[
H[GFDF\ XT CMI VG[ S]AF"GL G SZ[ TM T[ VDFZL .NUFCGL GS
CZlUh G VFJ[P s.aG[ DFHCf
5P ChZT pdD[ ;,DC
YL lZJFIT K[ S[ GAL SZLD
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[ IFZ[ TD[ ASZF .NGM RF\N H]VM VG[ TDFZFDF\
SM. S]AF"GL SZJF RFC[ TM T[6[ [. S[ AF, D]\0FJJF4 STZFJJF VG[
GBM SF5JFYL ZMSF. ZC[P sD]:,D XZLOf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
229
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
S]AF"GL
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
;}RGF o s!f S]AF"GLGF D:V,FDF\ ;FlCA[ lG;FA T[ Xb; K[
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
s(f S]AF"GLG]\ RFD0]\ VYJF UMxT VYJF V[DF\ SM. RLH S;F.
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VSLSM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
GDFh 5C[,F\ S]AF"GL SZFJLG[ UMxTG[ XC[ZDF\ D\UFJL ,[JM .h
K[P sN]Z[" D]bTFZ DV Z], D]CTFZ4 EFUv54 5[HvZ_)f
232
233
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
s#f S]AF"GLGL H[D VSLSFDF\ 56 ASZM VG[ ASZLGL DZ
V[S ;F, CMJL H~ZL K[P sACFZ[ XZLVTf
s$f VJFDDF\ H[ DxC}Z K[ S[ VSLSFGM UMxT DF\4 AF54 NFNF4
NFNL VG[ GFGF GFGL G BFI4 V[ JFT U,T K[P V[GL SM. ;FlATL
GYLP sACFZ[ XZLVTf
234
235
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
!P ChZT C]h{OF
V[ S]\ S[ C]h}Z
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[4 H[
BFJF 5Z lA:D<,FC G 5-JFDF\ VFJ[ T[ BF6FG[ X{TFG 5MTFGF
DF8[ C,F, ;DH[ K[P sD]:,D XZLOf
V[ S]\ S[ C]h}Z
V[ ODF"jI]\
S[4 TDFZFDF\YL IFZ[ SM. Xb; SF\. BFJF .rK[ TM HD6F CFY[
BFI VG[ IFZ[ SM. RLH 5LJF RFC[ TM HD6F CFY[ 5LV[P sD]:,D
XZLOf
V[ S]\ S[ C]h}Z
V[ ODF"jI]\
S[4 SM. Xb; 0FAF CFY[ G SF\. BFI VG[ G SF\. 5LV[4 V[8,F DF8[
S[4 cc0FAF CFY J0[ X{TFG BFI TYF 5LV[ K[Pcc sD]:,D XZLOf
RFI TYF AL0L4 l;UZ[84 56 0FAF CFY[ G 5LJL [.V[P
$P ChZT VF.XF
C,JM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
GFDM BFl,S4 ZCDFG JU[Z[DF\ 56 AUF0 ,FJLG[ AM,[ K[ GFD
5FK/ ccZMcc4 ccIMcc H[JF VZM [0L T]SFZ JFRS GFD AGFJL AM,[
K[ T[VM ;DH[4 U\ELZ AG[ VG[ ;J[/F TF{AF SZ[P vVG]JFNSf CF4 [
VaN]Z"CLD4 VaN],SZLD4 VaN],VhLh V[ 5|SFZGF\ GFDM CMI TM
ZCLD4 SZLD VG[ VhLh SCL XS[ K[ V[8,F DF8[ S[ T[ U{Z]<,FC DF8[
AM,J]\ .h K[P
236
*P ChZT VF.XF
V[ S]\ S[ C]h}Z
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[4
IFZ[ SM. Xb; BFJF BFI VG[ BFJF 5Z V<,FCG]\ GFD ,[JFG]
E},L I TM NZdIFGDF\ H VF N]VF
lA:D<,FlC
VjJ,C} JVFlBZC} 5-L ,[P slTlD"hL XZLOf
(P ChZT VA} ;.N B]NZL
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[4 C]h}Z
IFZ[ BFJFYL OFlZU YTF TM VF N]VF 5-TF ov
5LJFG]\ AIFG
237
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
XZLOf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
V[ JF;6DF\ F; ,[JF TYF O}\S DFZJFYL DGF ODF"jI]\P sVA} NFNf
$P ChZT VG;
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V[ pEF
ZCLG[ 5LJFYL DGF ODF"jI]\P sD]:,D XZLOf
5P ChZT VA} C]Z{ZC
V[ S]\ S[ C]h}Z
V[ ODF"jI]\
S[4 ccpEM ZCLG[ SNF5L SM. DF6; G 5LV[ VG[ H[ E},YL
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
&P ChZT VA} C]Z{ZC
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[4 C]h}Z
V[
SNL SM. BF6FG[ VIA GYL ,UF0L sV[8,[ S[ BZFA GYL S]\f4 [
bJFlCX YTL TM BF. ,[TF VG[ bJFlCX G YTL TM KM0L N[TFP sA]BFZL
238
YL lZJFIT K[ S[ C]h}Z
V[ ODF"jI]\
S[4 ;O[N S50F\ 5C[IF" SZM V[8,F DF8[ S[ T[ B}A H 5FSLhF VG[ 5;\NLNF
K[P sVCDN4 lDxSFTf
ZP ChZT VMAFNC
V[ S]\ S[ C]h}Z
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[4
ccVDFDM H~Z AF\wIF SZM S[ V[ OlZxTFVMG]\ lGXFG K[cc
VG[ T[GF lXd,C sK[0FfG[ 5L9 5FK/ ,8SFJL ,MP sAICSL4 lDxSFT
XZLOf
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[ C]h}Z
IFZ[
S]TM" 5C[ZTF TM HD6L AFH]YL X~ SZTFP slTlD"hLf
$P ChZT VA} ;.N
V[ S]\ S[ C]h}Z
G[ ODF"JTF\
;F\E?IF S[ DMclDGG]\ T[CA\N V0WL 50,LVM ;]WL K[ VG[ V0WL
50,L VG[ 3}\8LVM JrR[ CMI TM 56 JF\WM GYLP H[ sS50]f 3}\8LGL
GLR[ CMI T[ VFUDF\ K[P C]h}Z[ VF JFIG[ +6JFZ ODF"jI]\4 VG[
V<,FC TVF,F lSIFDTGF lNJ;[ T[GF TZO GHZ ODF"JX[ GC H[
T[CA\N sS[ 5FIDFfG[ TSaA]ZGL ;FY[ 3;[0LG[ RF,[P sVA} NFNf
5P ChZT VD| .aG[ XMV{A 5MTFGF AF5YL lZJFIT SZ[ K[ S[
T[DGF NFNFV[ S]\ S[ C]h}Z
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[4 ccV<,FC TVF,FG[ V[
JFT 5;\N K[ S[ T[GL G[VDTGL V;Z A\NFGF sl,AF; VG[ N[BFJf
YSL C[Z YFIP slTlD"hL XZLOf
ChZT X{B VaN], C D]Cl NC[<JL
VF CNL
C[9/ ODF"J[ K[ S[ ov
sVY"f o VCYL 6JF D?I]\ S[ G[VDTGL -F\S5LKM0 SZJL
VG[ K]5FJJL .h GYL VG[ 6[ S[ G[VDTGL GFX]LGM ;AA K[P
&P CZT VF.XF
YL lZJFIT K[ S[ V:DF lAgT[ VA}A
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
239
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
!P ChZT ;D]ZC
!P ChZT lAZ
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
AFlZS S50F\ 5C[ZLG[ C]h}ZGL ;D VFjIF\ TM C]h}Z[ T[DGL
TZOYL DM-] O[ZJL ,LW]\ VG[ ODF"jI]\4 C[ V:DF :+L IFZ[ AFl,U
Y. I TM T[GF XZLZGM SM. EFU SNL 56 N[BF. N[JM G [.V[P
l;JFI VFGF VG[ VFGF4 VG[ 5MTFGF DM-F TYF CY[,L TZO .XFZM
ODF"jIMP sVA} NFNf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
240
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[ C]h}Z
VDG[ C]SD ODF"JTF CTF S[ SNL SNL VD[ p3F0F 5U[ ZCLV[P
sVA} NFNf
YL lZJFIT K[ S[ C]h}Z
5]~MG[ ;MGFGL J8LYL DGF ODF"jI]\P sD]:,D XZLOf
GJJL XZC[ D]:,D4 EFUvZ4 5[Hv!)5DF\ K[ ov
V[
YL lZJFIT K[
V[ V[S Xb;GF CFYDF\ ;MGFGL J8L [. TM T[G[
S[ C]h}Z
pTFZLG[ O[\SL NLWL VG[ ODF"jI]\ S[ TDFZFDF\YL SM. jIT HCgGDGF
V\UFZFGM .ZFNM SZ[ K[ V[8,[ ;]WL S[ T[G[ 5MTFGF CFYDF\ ,. ,[
K[ m IFZ[ C]h}Z TXZLO ,. UIF TM SM.S[ T[ Xb;G[ S]\ S[ TDFZL
V\U}9L sJ8Lf p9FJL ,M4 SM.S AL SFDDF\ ,FJ[P T[D6[ S]\ S[4
B]NFGL S;D C]\ T[G[ SNF5L ,.X GC IFZ[ S[ Z;},]<,FC
V[ T[G[ O[\SL NLWL K[P sD]:,D XZLOf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
241
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
#P ChZT A]ZLNF
YL lZJFIT K[ S[ C]h}Z
V[ V[S
Xb;G[ ODF"jI]\ H[6[ l5/GL lJ\8L 5C[ZL CTL S[4 X]\ JFT K[ S[ TFZFYL
D}lT"VMGL JF; VFJL ZCL K[ m T[D6[ T[ J8L O[\SL NLWL 5KL ,MB\0GL
lJ\ 8 L 5C[ Z LG[ VFjIFP C] h } Z [ ODF" j I] \ 4 X] \ JFT K[ S[ C] \ [ K] \
HCgGDLVMG]\ 3Z[6]\ 5C[I] K[ m T[ Xb;[ V[ J8L 56 O[\SL NLWLP
5KL Vh" SZL4 IF Z;},<,FC S. RLHGL J8L AGFJ]\ m ODF"jI]\4
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242
sACFZ[ XZLVTf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
243
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
sV[8,[ S[ VDFZF TZLSFGL lJ~wW K[Pf slTlD"hL4 lG;F.f
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MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
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ChZT X{B VaN],C D]Cl NC[<JL
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244
lBhFA 0
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;F{YL ;FZL RLH H[GFYL ;O[N JF/MGM Z\U AN,L XSFI V[ DC[\NL
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MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
245
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
sACFZ[ XZLVTf
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5Z ;}JFYL DGF ODF"jI]\ S[ H[GF 5Z 50L HJFYL SM. VF0 G CMIP
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MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
5lDL VG[ :+L H[JM J[X V5GFJGFZF DN" SZ[ K[ V[ SM.GL GS
C,F, GYLP VG[ VFBL NF-LGM ;OFIM SZJM V[ S'tI TM CN]:TFGGF
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246
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;FZM bJFA B]NF TVF,F TZOYL K[ VG[ A]ZM bJFA X{TFGGL TZOYL
K[P sA]BFZL TYF D]:,Df
5P ChZT lAZ
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
247
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
KS TYF AUF;] 0
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G[
KS VFJTL TM DM-FG[ CFY VYJF S50F J0[ -F\SL ,[TF VG[ VJFHG[
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SC[ o
sA]BFZL XZLOf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
!P ChZT lAZ
249
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
V[ S]\ S[ C]h}Z
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V[ ODF"jI]\4 .hT ,.G[
;FY[ T[ H DSFGDF\ ZC] K]\ C]h}Z
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Z;},[ SZLD
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[4 .hT ,.G[ J X]\ TD[ 5;\N
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;}RGF o V\lAIFV[ lSZFD
AUF;FYL DCO}h K[ sT[DG[
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A[CTZ TZSLA V[ K[ S[ IFZ[ AUF;] VFJJFG] CMI tIFZ[ lN,DF\
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
250
*P ChZT lAZ
YL lZJFIT K[ S[ C]h}Z
V[ ODF"jI]\
S[ cc[ TDFZL D],FSFT ANDhCAM ;FY[ YFI TM T[DG[ ;,FD
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VF5JM JFlHA K[4 T[GL A[ ZLTM K[ o V[S TM V[ S[ EYL HJFA
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sVY"f o 5+GF ;,FDGM HJFA VF5JM JFlHA K[P
SC[ K[ S[ C]h}Z
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
251
V[
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
slTlD" h L XZLOf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VxVT] , ,dVFT4
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
ODF"jI]\ S[4 IFZ[ A[ D];,DFG VF5;DF\ D/[ K[ VG[ D];FOM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
&P ChZT VD| .aG[ XMV[ A
5MTFGF AF5YL VG[
V[ ODF" j I] \ S[ H[
T[ 5MTFGF NFNFYL lZJFIT SZ[ K[ S[ C] h } Z
Xb; s;,FD SZJFDF\ f U{ Z MGL D] X FA[ C T V5GFJ[ sU{ Z MGL H[ J M
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VG[ G;ZFGL s.;F.fVMGL ;,FD CY[ / LVMGF .XFZFYL K[ P
252
253
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
DF\ AF5GM C
V[ S]\ S[ C]h}Z
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lDxSFT XZLOf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
254
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
sVY"f o .DFD GJJLV[ ODF"jI]\ S[ NZ[S D],FSFTGF ;DI[ D];FOM
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56 GYLP X{B VA], C;G AL
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V[8,[ S[ .h K[Pcc sXFDL4 EFUv54 5[HvZ5Zf
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VG[ CNLGL lJ~wW ATFJ[ K[ VF T[DGL H[CF,T K[P ChZT X{B
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lDxSFT4 EFUv$4 5[HvZ_ 5Z ODF"J[ K[ ov
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DF\ AF5G[ UF/ VF5[P ,MSMV[ Vh" SZL4 IF Z;},<,FC X]\ SM.
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DF\G[ UF/ VF5[ K[ TM T[ T[GL DF\G[ UF/ VF5[ K[P sA]BFZL TYF D]:,Df
*P ChZT VA} C]Z{ZC
V[ S]\ S[ C]h}Z
V[ ODF"jI]\
S[ H[ DF\ AF5 A\G[ VYJF A\G[DF\YL SM. V[SGL SAZ 5Z NZ H]dVFGF
lNJ;[ lhIFZT DF8[ CFHZ YFI TM V<,FC TVF,F T[GF U]GFCM AbXL
N[X[ VG[ T[ DF\ AF5GL ;FY[ ;FZM JTF"J SZGFZ ,BFX[P
VF{,FNGF CM 0
V[ S]\ S[ C]h}Z
V[
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V[S ;FV ;NSM SZJF SZTF\ A[CTZ K[P slTlD"hL XZLOf
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5MTFGF AF5YL VG[ T[
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[ VF{,FNGF
5MTFGF NFNFYL lZJFIT SZ[ K[ S[ C]h}Z
DF8[ AF5GL SM. E[8 ;FZL S[/J6LYL JWLG[ GYLP sAICSL4
lDxSFT XZLOf
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V[ S]\ S[ C]h}Z
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[ H[GL
5ZJlZXDF\ A[ KMSZLVM AFl,U YTF\ ;]WL ZCL TM T[
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5F; 5F;[ CM.X]\P VFD SC[TF\ C]h}Z[ 5MTFGL VF\U/LVM lD,FJLG[
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
255
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
XZLOf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
ODF"jI]\ S[4 VF 5|DF6[ sD]:,D XZLOf
$P ChZT ;]ZFSF .aG[ DFl,S
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V[ ODF"jI]\ S[ X]\ C]\ TDG[ V[ G ATFJ]\ S[ VOh, ;NSM SIM K[ m
VG[ T[ 5MTFGL T[ KMSZL 5Z ;NSM SZJM sBR" SZJMf K[ H[ TDFZL
TZO sT,FS 5FD[, VYJF lJWJF YJFG[ ;AA[f 5FKL J/LG[ VFJL
VG[ TDFZF l;JFI SM. OSL, s5F,Sf GYLP s.aG[ DFHC4 lDxSFT
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
ZFBX[ sT[VMf HgGT 5FDX[ VG[ H[VM T[DG[ GFZFH SZX[ sT[VMf
NMhBGF CNFZ YX[P s.aG[ DFHCf
5P ChZT VaN]<,FC .aG[ VD|
V[ S]\ S[ C]h}Z
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[ 5ZJZlNUFZGL B]xG]NL AF5GL B]xG]NLDF\ K[4 VG[
5ZJZlNUFZGL GFZFHUL AF5GL GFZFHULDF\ K[P slTlD"hLf
256
EF. JU[Z[GF CM 0
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
257
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
AZFTDF\ IF\ GFR4 UFG CMI tIF\ SNFl5 G HJF N[4 Z[l0IM
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JLP0LPVMP 5Z TM [JFG]\ ZC[T]\ H GYL4 T[DF\ N]lGIFEZGL
BZFALVM VFJTL CMI K[4 CJ[ H[G[ VF{,FNG[ G[S AGFJJL
CMI T[6[ SF/ ZFBJL H ZCLPf IFZ[ AFl,U Y. I tIFZ[
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BF; SZLG[ ANDhCA ;FY[ KMSZF S[ KMSZL SM.GF lGSFC G SZ[P
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YX[ VG[ VF[ , FN CZFDGL YX[ H[ G M VhFA jIlERFZL TZLS[
HCgGDDF\ J[9JM 50X[Pf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
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5P ChZT .aG[ VaAF;
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V[ ODF"jI]\ S[4
S;D K[ T[ TGL H[GL S]NZTGF SADF\ DFZL G K[
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MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
JZ;GM Y. I TM GDFhGF DF8[ ;bTL SZ[4 [ G 5-[ TM DFZLG[ 5-FJ[4
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VG[ KMSZLVMG[ ;LJ64 U]Y64 SFT6 VG[ BFJF 5SFJJFG]
XLBJF0[P ;}ZV[ G}ZGL TFc,LD VF5[ VG[ ,BJFG]\ SNL G XLBJF0[
SFZ6 S[ V[DF\ lOtGFGM JWFZ[ 50TM EI K[P 5]+M SZTF\ T[DG]\ DG
JW] ;FRJ[ P GJ JZ;GL JIYL T[ 6 LGL BF; SF/ ZFB[ 4 XFNL
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
258
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[ C]h}Z
GL 5F;[ V[S RMZG[ ,FJJFDF\ VFjIM TM T[GM CFY SF5JFDF\
VFjIMP 5KL C]h}Z[ ODF"jI]\ S[ V[ S5FI[,M CFY T[GL UZNG[ ,8SFJL
N[JFDF\ VFJ[P slTlD"hL XZLOf
#P ChZT VaN]<,FC .aG[ VD|
YL lZJFIT K[ S[
V[ ODF" j I] \ S[ 4 ccDF\ AF5GL GFODF" G L SZGFZ4 H} U FZ
C] h} Z
ZDGFZ4 V[C;FG HTFJGFZ VG[ XZFAGM VFNL HgGTDF\ NFB,
YX[ GCPcc
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
259
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
H}9 0
V[ S]\ S[ C]h}Z
V[
ODF"jI]\ S[4 cc;FR] AM,J]\ G[SL K[ VG[ G[SL HgGTDF\ ,. I K[ VG[
H}9] AM,J]\ lO:SM O]H}Z sU]GMCf K[ VG[ lO:SM O]H}Z HCgGDDF\ ,.
I K[Pcc sD]:,D XZLOf
V[ S]\ S[ C]h}Z
V[ ODF"jI]\
S[4 T[ Xb; H}9M GYL H[ ,MSM JrR[ ;],[C pEL SZ[ K[4 ;FZL JFT SC[
K[ VG[ ;FZL JFT 5CM\RF0[ K[P sA]BFZL TYF D]:,D XZLOf
!P ChZT C]h{OF
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
R[TJ6L o [ .:,FDL C]S}DT CMT TM RMZL SZGFZGM CFY
SF5JFDF\ VFJT VG[ XZFA 5LGFZG[ (_ SMZ0F DFZJFDF\ VFJT[P
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
YL lZJFIT K[ S[ C]h}Z
V[
ODF"jI]\ S[4 TDG[ BAZ K[ ULAT X]\ K[ m ,MSMV[ Vh" SZL S[ V<,FC
TYF Z;},G[ T[GL A[CTZ 6 K[P .XF"N ODF"jIM4 ULAT V[ K[
S[ T]\ TFZF EF.GF AFZFDF\ V[JL JFT SC[ H[ T[G[ A]ZL ,FU[P SM.S[ Vh"
SZL S[ [ DFZF EF.DF\ T[ A]ZF. CMI TM X]\ T[G[ 56 ULAT SC[JFDF\
VFJX[ m ODF"jI]\4 H[ SF\. TD[ SCM KM T[ [ T[GFDF\ DF{H}N K[ tIFZ[ H
TM ULAT K[ VG[ [ TD[ V[JL JFT SCM H[ T[GFDF\ GYL TM V[ AMCTFG
sVF[5f K[ sD]:,D XZLOf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
sZf H[ Xb; C[ZDF\ A]ZF\ SFDM SZ[ K[ VG[ T[G[ V[ JFTGL SM.
5ZJF G CMI S[ ,MSM T[G[ X]\ SC[X[ TM T[ Xb;GL V[ A]ZL 5|J'lG[
AIFG SZJL ULAT GYLP 56 T[GL AL T[ JFTM H[ C[Z GYL T[G[
J6"G SZJL ULAT K[P sACFZ[ XZLVT ACJF,F Z], D]CTFZf
VFHSF, 36F JCFALVM 5MTFGL JCFlAIT -F\S[ K[ VG[ 5MTFG[
;]gGL TZLS[ C[Z SZ[ K[ VG[ IFZ[ DMSM D/[ K[ TM ANDhCALGL
WLD[ WLD[ Ta,LU SZ[ K[4 ccT[DGL ANDhCALG[ C[Z SZJL
ULAT GYLcc V[8,F DF8[ S[ ,MSMG[ T[DGF DSZ sWMSFf TYF A]ZF.YL
ARFJJFGM C[T] K[ VG[ [ T[ 5MTFGL ANDhCALG[ GYL K]5FJTM
A<S[ V[,FlGIF C[Z SZ[ K[ tIFZ[ 56 V[ ULAT GYL V[8,F DF8[ S[
T[ V[,FlGIF A]ZF. SZGFZFVMDF\ NFB, K[P sACFZ[ XZLVTf
sGM\W o S[8,FS N]lGIFGL NF{,TGF ,F,R]VM VYJF lC,M
5MT[ VFlXS[ Z;}, AGLG[ OZ[ K[4 VFlAN hFlCN AG[ K[4 56 B]NF J
Z;},GF U]:TFBMGL U]:TFBLDF\ T[DG[ ULAT TYF A[VNAL H6FI
K[ VG[ VFBL N]lGIFGL B6 B}; SZGFZF VFJF ;OF. DFZGFZ
,MSMG[ JCFAL4 N[JA\NL JU[Z[GL 5M, BM,JFDF\ VFJ[ tIFZ[ A]Z] ,FU[
K[ VG[ SC[ K[ V[ TM ULAT SC[JFI VFJF SD[Z .DFGJF/F
,MSMGF .DFG BTZFDF\ K[ T[D6[ ;FRL :YlT ;DG[ BM8L ;OF.G[
VEZF.V[ R-FJL JF:TlJTF ;DG[ U,TOCDLYL N} Z ZCL
.DFGGL 5ZJF SZJL [.V[P vVG]JFNSf
XZLOf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
ARFJJFGM C[T] CMI TM ;JFA D/JFGL pdDLN K[P sACFZ[ XZLVT
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
ZP ChZT VaN]Z"CDFG .aG[ UGD VG[ V:DF lAgT[ IhLN
YL K[ S[ C]h}Z
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[ B]NF TVF,FGF ANTZLG
A\NFVM T[ K[ H[ ,MSMDF\ R]U,L BFTF OZ[ K[ VG[ lD+MGL JrR[
H]NF. 50FJ[ K[P sVCDN4 AICSLf
V[ S]\ S[ C]h}Z
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[
A\NFGF VD,M NZ V9JFl0I[ A[ JFZ 5[X SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[4 5LZ VG[
H]D[ZFTP 5KL NZ[S A\NFGL DUlOZT YFI K[ l;JFI T[ A\NFGL S[
5MTFGF SM. D];,DFG EF.GF 5|lT A]uh TYF SLGM ZFB[ K[P T[GF
lJX[ C]SD VF5JFDF\ VFjIM K[ S[ V[ A\G[G[ ZC[JF NM sV[8,[ S[ OlZxTF
T[DGF U]GFCMG[ G lD8FJ[f tIF\ ;]WL S[ T[VMGL VF5;GL VNFJTYL
N}Z G YFIP sVNFJTG[ KM0L G N[f sD]:,D XZLOf
ZP ChZT VA} C]Z{ZC
V[ S]\ S[4 C]h}Z
V[ ODF"jI]\
S[ SM. D];,DFGG[ .h GYL S[ T[ +6 lNJ;YL JW] SM. D];,DFGG[
VNFJTGF ,LW[ KM0L VF5[P [ +6 lNJ; 5;FZ Y. I TM T[6[
[.V[ S[ 5MTFGF EF.G[ D/LG[ ;,FD SZ[P [ T[ ;,FDGM HJFA
VF5L N[ TM ;],[C SZJFGF ;JFADF\ A\G[ XZLS K[ VG[ [ ;,FDGM
HJFA G VF5[ TM HJFA G VF5GFZ U]G[CUFZ YIM VG[ ;,FD SZGFZ
;\A\W TM0JFGF U]GFCYL D]T 5FDL UIMP sVA} NFN4 lDxSFT XZLOf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
263
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
E,F.S[ l,I[ JMC A/[ CZL; C{ \ VF{Z A/[ GZDlN, VF{Z DC[ZAFG C{ P\ cc
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
#P ChZT h]A{Z
V[ S]\ S[ C]h}Z
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[ VFU,L
pdDTMGL ALDFZL TDFZF TZO 56 VFJL U.4 T[ ALDFZL C;N
s.F"f TYF VNFJT K[4 T[ D}\0GFZL K[P DFZM V[ DT,A GYL S[ JF/
D}\0GFZL K[ A<S[ T[ NLG D}\0GFZL K[P sVCDN4 lTlD"hL XZLOf
$P ChZT VA} C]Z{ZC
YL lZJFIT K[ S[ GAL SZLD
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[ .F"YL 5MTFGL TG[ ARFJ[ V[8,F DF8[ .F" sVN[BF.f
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
V[SF\T SZTF\ A[CTZ K[ VG[ E,F. XLBJL BFDMXL SZTF\ A[CTZ K[
VG[ BFDMXL A]ZF.GL TFc,LDYL A[CTZ K[P sAICSL4 lDxSFT XZLOf
s#f ChZT .aG[ D:N
V[ S]\ S[ C]h}Z
V[
ODF"jI]\ S[4 D];,DFGG[ UF/ VF5JL lO:S TYF U]GMC K[P sA]BFZL
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
264
!P ChZT VA}hZ
V[ S]\ S[ C]h}Z
VDFZL 5F;[
TXZLO ,FjIF VG[ ODF"jI]\ S[4 TD[ ,MSM 6M KM S[ B]NF TVF,FGL
GS SIM VD, ;F{YL VlWS 5;\N K[ m TM SM.V[ S]\4 GDFh
VG[ hSFT4 SM.V[ S]\ H[CFNP C]h}Z[ ODF"jI]\4 V<,FC TVF,FGL GS
;F[YL 5;\NLNF VD, V,C]aA] lO<,FC J, A]Uh] lO<,FC K[P V[8,[
S[ B]NFGF DF8[ H SM.GL ;FY[ DCMaAT SZJL VG[ B]NFGF
DF8[ H SM.GFYL A[hFZ ZC[J]\P sVCDN4 VA} NFNf
ChZT XIB VaN],C D]Cl NC[<JL
VF CNL
C[9/ ODF"J[ K[ S[4 VC 5|`G pNEJ[ K[ S[ B]NFGF DF8[ NM:TLG]\ GDFh4
hSFT VG[ H[CFNYL JW] DCA}A CMJ]\ S. ZLT[ ;CLC U6FX[ m IFZ[
S[ VF RL[ V,, .t,FS TDFD VD,MYL VOh, K[P V[GM HJFA
V[ K[ S[ H[ Xb; S[J/ V<,FC TVF,FGF DF8[ H DCMaAT SZX[ T[
V\lAIFV[ lSZFD4 VF{l,IFV[ V[hFD VG[ V<,FC TVF,FGF G[S
A\NFVMYL DCMaAT SZX[ VG[ T[ ,MSMGL 5IZJL TYF ODFAZNFZL
56 H~Z SZX[P sV[8,F DF8[ S[ DCMaAT DF8[ ODFAZNFZL VlGJFI"
K[ f P VG[ H[ Xb; B] N F TVF,F DF8[ N] x DGL SZX[ TM T[ NLGGF
N]xDGMYL ISLGG N]xDGL SZX[P V[8,[ C]h}Z
GF ODF"GGM
EFJFY" V[ YX[ S[ VD,M TYF ODFAZNFZLGM VFWFZ VG[ D}/ VG[
T[GM 5FIM C]aA] l,<,FC VG[ A]Uh]l,<,FC K[P sVxVT], ,dVFT4
EFUv$4 5[Hv!#(f
V[ S] \ C] h } Z
V[
VA}hZG[ ODF"jI]\ S[4 C[ VA}hZ .DFGGL S. UF\9 JW] DHA}T K[ m
Vh" SZL4 V<,FC TYF Z;},G[ T[GM A[CTZ .<D K[ m C]h}Z
V[ ODF"jI]\4 V<,FC TVF,FGF DF8[ H VF5;DF\ NM:TL ZFBJL
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
265
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
V[ S]\ S[ C]h}Z
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[
ChZT D};F
V[ Vh" SZL S[4 C[ DFZF 5ZJlNUFZ SM6 A\NM
TFZL GS JW] .HTJF/M K[ m ODF"jI]\4 T[ A\NM H[ XT CMJF
KTF\ DFO SZL VF5[P sAICSL4 lDxSFT XZLOf
$P ChZT .aG[ D:N
V[ S]\ S[ C]h}Z
V[
ODF"jI]\ S[4 ccH[ Xb;GF lN,DF\ ZF.GF NF6F H[8,M 56 3D\0
CX[ T[ HgGTDF\ HX[ GCPcc V[S Xb;[ Vh" SZL4 sIF Z;},<,FC f
DF6; V[ JFTG[ 5;\N SZ[ K[ S[ T[GM l,AF; ;FZM CMI VG[ T[GF
[0F ;FZF CMI sX]\ V[ 56 TSaA]ZDF\ ;FD[, K[ mf C]h}Z[ ODF"jI]\4
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VG[ V<,FCGF DF8[ H SM.G[ NM:T AGFJJM VG[ SM.G[ N] x DG
;DHJMP sAICSLf
#P ChZT VA} ZhLG
YL lZJFIT K[ S[ C]h}Z
V[
T[DG[ ODF"jI]\ S[4 X]\ C]\ TG[ NLGGL T[ A]lGIFN G ATFJ]\ H[GF YSL T]\
N]lGIF TYF VFB[ZTGL E,F. 5|F%T SZL ,[ m s5|YD JFT TM V[ K[
S[f VC,[ lh V[8,[ S[ V<,FCJF/FVMGL DHl,;MDF\ A[;J]\ 5MTFGF
5Z ,FlhD SZL ,[ VG[ IFZ[ V[SF\T D/[ TM H[8,F 5|DF6DF\ XI
CMI B]NF TVF,FGL IFNDF\ TFZL EG[ C,FJ VG[ B]NF TVF,FGF
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
266
267
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
B]NF TVF,F HDL, K[ VG[ T[ HDF, sTYF X6UFZfG[ 5;\N ODF"J[
K[P V[8,F DF8[ ;J8 TYF HDF,GL bJFlCX 3D\0 GYL4 [ S[
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
268
N]lGIF 0
!P ChZT C]h{OF
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[ D[\ Z;},[ SZLD
G[
ODF"JTF\ ;F\E?I\] S[ N]lGIFGL DCMaAT NZ[S A]ZF.GL H0 K[P
slDxSFT XZLOf
V[ S]\ S[ C]h}Z
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[
H[ Xb; 5MTFGL N]lGIFYL DCMaAT SZ[ K[ sV[JL DCMaAT H[ V<,FC
J Z;},GL DCMaATYL lJX[ CMIf TM T[ 5MTFGL VFB[ZTG[ G]S;FG
5CM\RF0[ K[ VG[ H[ 5MTFGL VFB[ZTYL DCMaAT SZ[ K[ T[ 5MTFGL
N]lGIFG[ G]S;FG 5CM\RF0[ K[P TM sC[ D];,DFGM f OGF YGFZL
RLH sV[8,[ N]lGIFfG[ tIG[ AFSL ZC[GFZL RLH sV[8,[
VFB[ZTfG[ V5GFJL ,MP sVCDN4 lDxSFT XZLOf
#P ChZT ;C, .aG[ ;VN
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[ Z;},[ SZLD
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[ [ N]lGIF B]NF TVF,FGL GHZDF\ DrKZGL
5F\B AZFAZ 56 SDT WZFJTL CMT TM V[DF\YL SFlOZG[
V[S 3}\8 56 G 5LJ0FJTP slTlD"hL XZLOf
$P ChZT VA} C]Z{ZC
YL lZJFIT K[ S[ C]h}Z
V[
ODF"jI]\ S[ sSFG BM,LG[f ;F\E/L ,M N]lGIF D,G K[ VG[ H[
RL[ V[DF\ K[ T[ 56 D,G K[ 56 lh[ .,FCL VG[ T[ RL[
H[G[ ZA TVF,F DCA}A ZFB[ K[ VG[ VFl,D VYJF D]TV<,D
56P slTlD"hL XZLOf
5P ChZT VA} C]Z{ZC
V[ S]\ S[ Z;},[ SZLD
V[
ODF"jI]\ S[ N]lGIF DMclDGG]\ S[NBFG]\ K[ VG[ SFlOZGL HgGT
K[P sD]:,D XZLOf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
269
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
V[ S]\ S[ C]h}Z
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[
B] N F TVF,FGL GS T[ DMclDGYL VOh, SM. GYL H[ 6 [ B] N F
TVF,FGL T:ALC TYF TSALZ VG[ T[GL .AFNT TYF TC,L,GF
DF8[ .:,FDDF\ JW] DZ D[/JLP sVCDN4 lDxSFT XZLOf
ZP VA}A
YL lZJFIT K[ S[ V[S Xb;[ Vh" SZL4 IF
IM DF6; 36M ;FZM K[ m ;ZSFZ[ VSN;
Z;},<,FC
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[4 T[ Xb; H[GL DZ JWFZ[ CMI VG[ VD,M ;FZF CMIP
OZL Vh" SZL4 IM 36M A]ZM K[ m ODF"jI]\4 H[GL DZ JWFZ[ CMI VG[
VD, A]ZF CMIP slTlD"hL XZLOf
#P ChZT VA};.N B]NZL
YL lZJFIT K[ S[ Z;},[ SZLD
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[ sN]lGIFGMf DF, ,L,M Z\ULG4 TF DF[ :JFlN
K[ TM H[ Xb; T[G[ .h TZLSFYL CF\;, SZ[ VG[ .h SFDMDF\
JF5Z[ K[ TM V[JM DF, A[CTZLG DNNUFZ K[P sA]BFZL XZLO TYF D]:,D
XZLOf
$P C]h}Z
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
270
YL lZJFIT K[ S[ GAL
SZLD
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[ TDFZF AFZFDF\ H[ RL[YL C]\ 36M 0Z]\ K]\ T[
lXS[" V;UZ K[P ;CFALVMV[ Vh" SZL4 IF Z;},<,FC lXS[" V;UZ
X]\ RLH K[ m ODF"jI]\4 lZIFP sV[8,[ S[ N[BFJ SZJF DF8[ SFD SZJ]\f
sVCDNf
YL lZJFIT K[ S[
G[ ODF"JTF\ ;F\E?I]\ S[4 ccH[ Xb; ,MSMDF\
T[D6[ Z;},[ SZLD
5MTFGF VD,GL RRF" SZX[ TM B]NF TVF,F T[GL slZIFSFZLf ,MSMDF\
DxC}Z SZL VF5X[ VG[ T[G[ h,L, TYF ~:JF SZX[P sAICSLf
#P ChZT VA} C]Z{ZC
V[ S]\ S[ Z;},[ SZLD
V[
ODF"jI]\ S[ A\NFV[ IFZ[ C[ZDF\ GDFh 5-L TM B}ALGL ;FY[ 5-L
VG[ IFZ[ K]5L ZLT[ 5-L TM 56 B}ALGL ;FY[ 5-L TM B]NF TVF,F
ODF"J[ K[ S[ DFZM A\NM ;FRM K[P sV[8,[ S[ lZIFSFZ GYLPf s.aG[ DFCf
$P ChZT XFN .aG[ VJ;
V[ S]\ S[4 D[\ C]h}Z
G[
ODF""JTF\ ;F\E?IF S[ H[ Xb;[ N[BF0JF DF8[ GDFh 5-L T[6[ lXS" SI]
VG[ H[6[ N[BF0JF DF8[ ZMhM ZFbIM TM T[6[ lXS" SI] VG[ H[6[ N[BF0JF
BFTZ ;NSM SIM" TM T[6[ lXS SI]P sVCDN4 lDxSFTf
ChZT X{B VaN],C D]Cl NC[<JL
VF CNL C[9/
ODF"J[ K[ S[4 H[ SFD N[BF0JF DF8[ SZ[ T[ lXS" K[4 B],F;M V[ S[ lXS"GF
A[ 5|SFZM K[ o ccH,Lcc VG[ ccBOLcc A]T5Z:TL sD}lT"5}f SZJL p3F0]
lXS" K[ sV[ lXS[" H,Lf VG[ lZIFSFZ H[ U{Z B]NFG[ DF8[ VD, SZ[
K[ T[ 56 K]5L ZLTGL D}lT"5} SZ[ K[ sV[8,[ V[ lXS[" BOL K[f
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
271
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
V[ S]\ S[ C]h}Z
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[4
ccH[ 3ZDF\ S}TZ] S[ GNFZGL T:JLZM CMI T[DF\ ZCDTGF OlZxTF GYL
VFJTFP sA]BFZL TYF D]:,D XZLOf
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[ D[\
G[ SC[TF\ ;F\E?I]\ S[4 ccB]NF TVF,FG[ tIF\ ;F{YL JW]
Z;},[ SZLD
VhFA T[ ,MSMG[ VF5JFDF\ VFJX[ H[VM GNFZGL T:JLZM AGFJ[
K[P sOM8M B[\R[ K[f sA]BFZL TYF D]:,Df
#P ChZT .aG[ VaAF;
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[ D[\ Z;},[ SZLD
G[ ODF"JTF\ ;F\E?I]\ S[ ccH[ Xb; sGNFZGLf T:JLZ AGFJ[
sOM8M 5F0X[f TM B]NF TVF,F ISLGG T[G[ VhFA VF5X[4 tIF\ ;]WL
S[ T[ 5MTFGL AGFJ[,L T:JLZMDF\ J G GFB[P VG[ CSLST V[ K[ S[
V[ T[DF\ SNFl5 G GYL GFBL XSJFGMP sV[8,F DF8[ VhFAGF
D]:TlCS CMJ]\ ISLGL K[Pf sA]BFZL XZLOf
$P ChZT VF.XF l;LSF
V[ S]\ S[ GAL SZLD
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[ CaXFGF ,MSMGL CF,T V[ K[ S[ IFZ[ T[VMDF\GM SM.
G[S DF6; DZL I K[ TM T[ ,MSM T[GL SAZ 5Z .AFNTBFGF\ AGFJL
,[ K[4 5KL T[DF\ T[ sG[S ,MSMGLf T:JLZ AGFJ[ K[P VF ,MSM B]NF
TVF,FGL ANTZLG Db,}S K[P
H~ZL R[TJ6L o VFHSF, 36F lC,4 UDFZ4 ;}OL
SC[J0FJGFZF4 VG[ A]h]UF"G[ NLGYL H}9L DCMaATGM NFJM
SZGFZF ChZT UF{5FS4 ChZT bJF UZLA GJFh4
ChZT DCA}A[ .,FCL4 ChZT ;FlAZ Sl,IZL4 ChZT
S,LD]<,FC XFCHCF\AFNL4 ChZT TF]LG GFU5]ZL4 ChZT
CF JFlZV,L XFC TYF VgI VF{l,IFV[ lSZFD TYF
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
H[D S[ SC[JFDF\ VFjI]\ K[ S[ NZ[S T[ RLH H[ TG[ B]NF TVF,FYL ZMS[ T[
TFZ]\ A]T sD}lT"f K[P
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
JWFZJFGL I]TVM sTNALZM SZ[f V[8,F DF8[ S[ VF V[JM HDFGM
272
YL lZJFIT K[ S[ GAL
SZLD
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[ SFDMDF\ ;\ID SZJM V[8,[ S[ pTFJ/ G
SZJL B]NF TVF,F TZOYL K[ VG[ pTFJ/ SZJ]\ X{TFG TZOYL
K[P slTlD"hL XZLOf
ZP ChZT VG;
YL lZJFIT K[ S[ V[S Xb;[ GAL SZLD
G[ Vh" SZL S[ DG[ G;LCT ODF"JMP C]h}Z[ ODF"jI]\ S[4 5MTFG]\
SFD B}A lR\TG DGG SIF" AFN SZM4 [ T[GM V\D ;FZM
H6FI TM SZL GFBM VG[ BZFALGM 0Z CMI TM G SZMP
sXZC]:;]GGC4 lDxSFT XZLOf
NFNf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
273
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
5P ChZT VG;
YL lZJFIT K[ S[ C]h}Z
V[ ODF"jI]\
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
274
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
A]h]UF"G[ NLG
GL AGFJ8L T:JLZMG[ sH[
W\WFNFZL ,MSMV[ SF-L K[f 5MTFGF 3ZM TYF N]SFGMDF\
,UF0[ K[ V[ ;BT GF.h TYF U]GMC K[P VG[ S[8,FS
,MSM TM A]h]UM"GL T:JLZM ;FD[ AFVNA A[;LG[ T[DGM
T;jJ]Z SZ[ K[ TM VF SFD D}lT"5}G[ D/T] K[4 A<S[
.:,FDDF\ D}lT"5}GF FZ BM,JF ;DFG K[ H[ ;BT CZFD
TYF GF.h K[P H[ ,MSM BM8F EZDMDF\ CMI VG[ V[JF
-M\UL AGFJ8L 5LZMG[ C:TLVM ;D A[9F CMI H[VM
XZLVT lJ~wW JT[" TYF AM,[ VG[ OM8FVM 50FJ[ TYF
D]ZLNMG[ JC[\R[ T[DGFYL B]NF J Z;},GL DCMaATG[ BFTZ
N}Z YFI VG[ BM8F EZDMG[ N}Z SZL CG[ V5GFJ[4
XZLVTGL ;FD[ BM8L N,L,M SZL U]DZFCLGF lXSFZ G
AG[ P vVG] J FNS
275
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
TJ], 0
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
TM AL JFlHAG[ KM0J]\ CZlUh .h YX[ GCP VG[ V[ H[ S]VF"G
VFjI]\ K[4 [ T[G[ ccVD| lA,
DN4 5FZFvZ)DF\
DV~Occ VG[ ccG[CL VlG, D]gSZccGF AFZFDF\ :JLSFZL 56 ,[JFDF\
VFJ[ TM VD, G SZJFG[ ,LW[ 5}KTFK s5S0f D]ZFN K[ G S[ SC[JFG[
,LW[P CF4 V[DF\ XS GYL S[ [ 5MT[ 56 VD, SZ[ TM A[CTZ K[
V[8,F DF8[ S[ V[JF Xb;G]\ ccVD| lA, DV~Occ SZJ]\ V;Z GYL
SZT]\ H[ 5MT[ A[VD, CMIP
;}RGF o ccVD| lA, DV~OccGL S[8,LS :YlTVM K[4 [ 5}ZL
BF+L CMI S[ G;LCT SA}, SZL ,[X[ VG[ A]ZF.YL ZMSF. HX[ TM
V[JF ;\[UMDF\ G;LCT SZJ]\ JFlHA K[ VG[ BFDMX ZC[J]\ .h
GYLP VG[ [ BF+L CMI S[ G;LCT SZJFYL ,MSM A]Z]E,]\ SC[X[ VYJF
DFZ5L8 SZX[ H[GFYL N]xDGL TYF VNFJT 5[NF YX[ TM V[JL :YlTDF\
BFDMX ZC[J]\ VOh, K[4 VG[ [ DFZ5L8 5Z ;A| SZL ,[X[ TM
D]lCN K[4 V[JF Xb;[ ccVD| lA, DV~Occc TYF ccG[CL VlG,
D]gSZcc SZJFDF\ JF\WM GYLP VG[ [ 6[ K[ S[ G;LCT DFGX[ GC
VG[ DFZ5L8 TYF UF/U,MRGM 56 EI GYL TM G;LCT SZJ]\ T[GL
DZ 5Z K[P VG[ A[CTZ V[ K[ S[ V[ ;\[UMDF\ G;LCT SZ[P sOTFJF
276
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
S[4 D[\ D[VZFHGL ZF+[ [I]\ S[ ,MSMGF CM9M VFUGL SFTZM J0[ SF5JFDF\
VFJL ZF CTFP D[\ 5}KI]\4 lHA|., VF SM6 ,MSM K[ m T[D6[ S]\ S[4
VF VF5GL pdDTGF BTLAM VG[ JF.hM K[ H[VM ,MSMG[ G[SLGL
lCNFIT SZTF CTF VG[ 5MT[ 5MTFG[ E},L HTF CTF V[8,[ S[ 5MT[
G[S SFD SZTF G CTFP sXC]":;]gGC4 lDxSFT XZLOf
&P ChZT VM;FDC
V[ S]\ S[ Z;},[ SZLD
V[
ODF"jI]\ S[ lSIFDTGF lNJ;[ V[S Xb;G[ ,FJLG[ HCgGDDF\ GFBJFDF\
VFJX[ TM T]ZT T[GF\ VF\TZ0F\ 5[8DF\YL GLS/LG[ VFUDF\ 50L HX[P
5KL T[ T[G[ 5L;X[ V[8,[ S[ T[GL VF;5F; RZ ,UF0X[ H[D S[
5JG RLGM UW[0M ,M8 5L;[ K[P TM NMhBL V[ [.G[ T[GL 5F;[
V[S+ YX[ VG[ T[G[ SC[X[ S[4 C[ O,F6F TFZL XL CF,T K[ m V[8,[
S[ VF T]\ X]\ SZL ZM K[ m X]\ T]\ VDG[ G[S SFD SZJF VG[ A]ZF
SFDMYL N}Z ZC[JFGM C]SD VF5TM G CTM m TM T[ SC[X[ S[4 CF TDG[ TM
G[S SFDGM C]SD VF5TM CTM VG[ B}N T[G[ SZTM G CTM VG[ A]ZF SFDYL
TDG[ ZMSTM CTM VG[ B}N T[G[ SZTM CTMP sA]BFZL TYF D]:,D XZLOf
ChZT X{B VaN], C D]Cl NC[<JL
VF CNL
C[9/ ODF"J[ K[ S[4 VF CNL XZLOYL 6JF D?I]\ S[ ALVMG[ ccVDZM
G[CLcc SZJ]\ VG[ B}N T[GF 5Z VD, G SZJM VhFAGM ;AA K[
5Z\T] VF VhFA VD, G SZJFG[ SFZ6[ K[4 ccVDZM G[CLcc SZJFG[
,LW[ GCP V[8,F DF8[ S[ H[ ccVDZM G[CLcc 56 GC SZ[ TM T[ A[
JFlHAM TS" SZJFG[ SFZ6[ V[YLI[ VlWS VhFAGM CNFZ YX[P
VgJFZ], CNLQ
!P ChZT VF.XF
YL lZJFIT K[ S[ C]h}Z
V[
ODF"jI]\] S[4 B]NF TVF,F DC[ZAFG K[ VG[ DC[ZAFGL SZGFZG[ 5;\N
ODF"J[ K[P sD]:,D XZLOf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
277
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
#P ChZT VA}hZ
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
V[ S]\ S[ C]h}Z
V[
ODF"jI]\ S[4 CIFGF ;J" 5|SFZM A[CTZ K[P sA]BFZL TYF D]:,D XZLOf
5P ChZT .aG[ pDZ
YL lZJFIT K[ S[ GAL SZLD
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[4 .DFG VG[ XZD sCIFf A\G[ V[SALGF\
;FYL K[4 TM V[DF\YL V[S p9FJL ,[JFDF\ VFJ[ K[ TM ALH]
56 p9FJL ,[JFDF\ VFJ[ K[P sAICSLf
&P ChZT DFl,S
YL lZJFIT K[ S[ Z;},[ SZLD
V[
ODF"jI]\4 DG[ C]:G[ Vb,FSGL s;NJTF"JGLf 5}6"TFGF DF8[ DMS,JFDF\
VFJ[,M K[P sDMVF4 lDxSFT XZLOf
*P ChZT VA} C]Z{ZC
S]\ S[ C]h}Z
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[4
D];,DFGMDF\ SFlD, .DFGJF/F T[ ,MSM K[ H[VMGF Vb,FS
sJT"G4 VFNTMf ;FZF K[P sVA} NFNf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
ZP ChZT HCLZ
YL lZJFIT K[ S[ GAL SZLD
V[
ODF"jI]\ S[4 H[ Xb;G[ GD|TFYL D[C~D SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ T[G[ sAL
XaNMDF\f E,F.YL D[C~ SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P sD]:,D XZLOf
#P ChZT VA} C]Z{ZC
V[ S]\ S[ Z;},[ SZLD
V[
ODF"jI]\ S[4 ccXZD TYF CIF .DFGGM EFU K[ VG[ .DFGJF/M
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
ZP ChZT OF~S[ VFchD
V[ ODF"jI\] S[4 D[\ C]h}Z
G[
ODF"JTF\ ;F\E?IF S[4 [ TD[ ,MSM B]NF TVF,F 5Z TJ], SZL ,M
H[JM S[ TJ],GM C K[ TM T[ TDG[ V[ ZLT[ ZM VF5X[ H[JL ZLT[
5LVMG[ ZM VF5[ K[ S[ T[ ;JFZ[ E}bIF\ GLS/[ K[ VG[ ZF+[ 5[8
EZLG[ WZFI[,F\ 5FKF\ J/[ K[P slTlD"hLf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
279
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
!P ChZT F{AFG
SZLD
VFjIMP sA]BFZL4 D]:,D4 lDxSFTv5!!f
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
280
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
[ TDM ,MSM V[ CSLSTMG[ 6L ,M H[G[ C]\ 6]\ K]\ TM TD[ B}A H
5|DF6DF\ Z0M VG[ YM0]S C;MPcc sA]BFZL XZLOf
#P ChZT VF.XF
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[ D[\ GAL SZLD
G[
V[8,F B],LG[ C;TF SNL GYL [IF S[ T[DG]\ TF/J]\ [JF D/[P VF5
TA:;]D s:DTf ODF"jIF SZTF CTFP sA]BFZL XZLOf
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[ C]h}Z
GM Z\U ZMXG
VG[ RDSNFZ CTM VG[ C]h}ZGM 5;LGM 6[ DMTL CTMP VgI SM.
Z[XDGF S50FG[ D[\ C]h}ZGL D]AFZS CY[/LVMYL GZD GYL [I]\P
VG[ D[\ SM. V[J]\ D]xS TYF V\AZ GYL ;]\wI]\ H[GL B}xA] C]h}ZGF
XZLZ D]AFZSGL B}xA]YL lJX[ CMIP sA]BFZL4 D]:,D4 lDxSFTv5!&f
281
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
5[Hv5!$f
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
s#f SN D]AFZS G VlWS ,F\A] VG[ G JW] 8}\S] CT]\ KTF\ DF6;MGF
DHDFDF\ pEF ZC[TF ;F{YL RF GHZ[ 50TFP
s$f lH:D 5FS G}ZFGL CT]\ V[8,F DF8[ V[GM 50KFIM G ;}ZHGF
5|SFXDF\ 50TM CTM VG[ G RF\NGLDF\P XZLZ 5Z DFBL SNL GYL
A[9LP
s5f D}V[ D]AFZS SF\.S JF\S0LIF CTF H[ DM8F EFU[ BEF ;]WL
,8STF ZC[TF CTF VG[ IFZ[ SNL RC[ZF D]AFZS 5Z lJB[ZF. HTF
GL TO;LZ AGL HTFP
TM
s&f NF-L XZLO UF- CTL VG[ R[CZFV[ VGJZ V[GF 3[ZFJDF\
V[JM ,FUTM CTM S[ 6[ VFAG};L sV[S 5|SFZG]\ SF/F DHA}T JHGL
,FS0FGL ZC,f 5Z S]VF"G DN ZFbI]\ CMIP
s*f ;LGF D]AFZS sKFTLf 5CM/L CTL H[DF\ N}\8L ;]WL JF/MGL
V[S C,SL Z[BF CTLP lXSD s5[8f D]AFZS ;5F8L KFTLGL ;DF\TZ[
CTL4 H[G[ RFZ JBT OlZxTFVMV[ RFS SZLG[ .<DM lCSDTG]\ G}Z
EI] CT]\P V[GL H XFGDF\ V,D GxZCGL VFIT pTZLP
s(f UZNG XZLO B}A H ,TLO VG[ :JrK CTL4 ChZT VA}
GF SYGFG];FZ RF\NLYL -M/[,L CTLP
s)f 5[XFGL lJXF/ VG[ R\GL H[D ZMXG CTL H[G[ ,MSM RF\NGM
8]S0M SC[TF CTF4 H[ ZFTMDF\ B]NF TVF,FGL C]h}ZDF\ h]S[,L ZF SZTL
CTLP
C]Z{ZC
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
sZf ;Z D]AFZS DM8] VG[ A]h]U" CT]\ H[GFYL NANAM TYF VhDT
85STL CTL VG[ H[ BlXiIT[ .,FCL sBF{O[ B]NFfYL NZ[S JBT[ h]S[,]\
ZC[T]\ CT]\P
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
*P ChZT lAZ
V[ S]\ S[4 ;ZSFZ[ VSN;
V[
ODF"jI]\ S[4 C]\ ;F{ 5|YD XOFVT SZLX VG[ DFZL XOFVT ;F{YL 5|YD
SA}, SZJFDF\ VFJX[ VG[ DG[ V[GF DF8[ OB| GYLP sNFZDL4 lDxSFT4
282
s!#f VF\BM SF/L VG[ RDSL,L VG[ 5F\56M DM8L CTL H[ NZ[S
JBT[ UIAGM D]XFC[NM SZTL CTL VG[ VFU/ 5FK/ ;DFG ZLT[
[TL CTLP VFBL SFIGFTDF\ S[J/ VF H VF\BMV[ B]NFG[ A[lCh
[IM CTMP
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
C]h}Z
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
SNL U{ZT[ CG[ H,F, VFJL I TM 5CF0MGF S,[\ W]| p9[P
284
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
s!!f NF\T D]AFZS DMTLVMYL VlWS RDSNFZ H[GFYL :DT
SZTL J[/F ZMXGL O}8L GLS/TL CTL VG[ NZMNLJFZ RDSL p9TL CTLP
ODF"J[ K[ ov
sVY"f o C]h}Z
YL lZJFIT K[ S[ Z;},[
V[ ZFT lNJ;GF ;/\U ZMhF ZFbIF TM ,MSMV[ 56 ZFT lNJ; ;/\U
ZMhF ZFbIFP tIFZ[ C]h}Z[ ,MSMG[ V[J]\ SZJFYL DGF ODF"jI]\P Vh"
SZJFDF\ VFJL4 C]h}Z TM ZFT lNJ; ;/\U ZMhF ZFB[ K[ ;ZSFZ[
ODF"jI]\ S[4 ccC]\ TDFZF H[JM GYL4 DG[ BJ0FJJF 5LJ0FJJFDF\ VFJ[
K[Pcc sD]:,D XZLO4 EFUv!4 5[Hv#5!f
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
lDxSFT XZLOv!*5f
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
D[VZFH 0
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
sVY"f o ccSFlOZMV[ ChZT D};F
G[ S]\ S[4 TD[ VDFZL
H[JF H DF6; KMPcc
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
A[XS C]\ V[ CF,TDF\ ZFT 5;FZ SZ]\ K]\ S[ DFZM 5ZJZlNUFZ DG[
BJ0FJ[ 5LJ0FJ[ K[P sA]BFZL4 EFUv!4 5[HvZ D]:,D XZLOv#5Z4
286
287
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
5KL lHA|., DG[ 5F\RDF\ VF;DFGGL TZO ,. RF<IFP T[D6[
sVF:DFGGM NZJF[f BM,JF DF8[ ODF"jI]\ TM 5}KJFDF\ VFjI]\4 TD[
SM6 KM m ODF"jI]\4 C]\ lHA|., K]\P 5KL 5}KI]\ 4 TDFZL ;FY[ SM6
K[ m ODF"jI]\4 ;ZSFZ D]:TOF
K[P 5KL 5}KJFDF\ VFjI]\ S[4 T[DG[
AM,FJJFDF\ VFjIF K[ m ODF"jI]\4 sCF f AM,FJJFDF\ VFjIF K[P TM
VDFZF DF8[ VF:DFGGM NZJF[ BM,L N[JFDF\ VFjIM tIFZ[ VRFGS
DG[ CF~G
N[BFIF4 T[D6[ DC"AF S]\ VG[ DFZF DF8[ N]VFV[
B{Z ODF"JLP 5KL lHA|., DG[ KF VF:DFGGL TZO ,. RF<IF4
T[D6[ VF:DFGGM NZJF[ BM,JF DF8[ S]\4 5}KJFDF\ VFjI]\4 SM6
K[ m ODF"jI]\4 C]\ lHA|., K]\P OZL 5}KJFDF\ VFjI]\4 VG[ TDFZL ;FY[
SM6 K[ m ODF"jI]\4 ;ZSFZ D]:TOF
K[P 5KL SC[JFDF\ VFjI]\4
V[DG[ AM,FJJFDF\ VFjIF K[ m ODF"jI]\4 sCF f AM,FJJFDF\ VFjIF
K[P TM VF:DFGGM NZJF[ VDFZF DF8[ BM,L N[JFDF\ VFjIM4 tIFZ[
D[\ D};F
G[ [IFP V[D6[ DC"AF ODF"jI]\ VG[ DFZF DF8[ N]VFV[
B{Z VTF ODF"JLP
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VFjIF K[ m ODF" j I] \ S[ 4 sCF f AM,FJJFDF\ VFjIF K[ P 5KL
VF:DFGMGM NZJF[ VDFZF DF8[ BM,L N[JFDF\ VFjIMP TM D[\ VFND
G[ [IF4 T[D6[ DG[ DC"AF sB]X VFDlNN f S]\ VG[ DFZF
DF8[ N]VFV[ B{Z ODF"JLP 5KL lHA|., DG[ AL VF:DFGGL TZO
,. RF<IFP sVF:DFGGM NZJF[f BM,JF DF8[ S]\ TM 5}KJFDF\
VFjI]\ S[4 TD[ SM6 KM m ODF"jI]\4 C]\ lHA|., K]\P 5KL 5}KJFDF\
VFjI]\4 VG[ TDFZL ;FY[ SM6 K[ m ODF"jI]\4 ;ZSFZ D]:TOF
K[P
5KL 5}KJFDF\ VFjI]\ S[ V[DG[ AM,FJJFDF\ VFjIF K[ m ODF"jI]\4 sCF f
AM,FJJFDF\ VFjIF K[P C]h}Z[ ODF"jI]\ S[4 5KL VF;DFGGM NZJF[
VDFZF DF8[ BM,L VF5JFDF\ VFjIM4 TM D[\ BF,FhFN EF.VM V[8,[
S[ .;F .aG[ DZID VG[ IF .aG[ hSlZIF
G[
[IF TM T[D6[ DG[ DC"AF S]\ VG[ DFZF DF8[ N]VFV[ B{Z ODF"JLP
5KL lHA| . , DG[ +L VF:DFGGL TZO ,. RF<IFP T[ D 6[
sVF:DFGGM NZJF[f BM,JF DF8[ S]\ TM 5}KJFDF\ VFjI]\ S[4 SM6
K[ m ODF"jI]\ S[ C]\ lHA|., K]\P 5KL 5}KJFDF\ VFjI]\ S[4 VG[ TDFZL
;FY[ SM6 K[ m S]\ ;ZSFZ D]:TOF
K[P 5KL 5}KJFDF\ VFjI]\4
V[DG[ AM,FJJFDF\ VFjIF K[ m ODF"jI\]4 sCF f AM,FJJFDF\ VFjIF
K[P 5KL VF:DFGGM NZJF[ VDFZF DF8[ BM,L N[JFDF\ VFjIM4 tIF\
DG[ ChZT I};]O
[JF D?IF H[DG[ sVFBF HCFGG]\ V0W]
C]:Gf VTF ODF"JJFDF\ VFjI]\ K[4 T[D6[ DG[ DC"AF S]\ VG[ DFZF
DF8[ E,L N]VF ODF"JLP 5KL lHA|., DG[ RMYF VF:DFGGL TZO
,. RF<IFP TM lHA|.,
V[ sVF:DFGGM NZJF[f BM,JF
S]\P 5}KJFDF\ VFjI]\ SM6 K[ m ODF"jI]\4 C]\ lHA|., K]\P SC[JFDF\
VFjI]\ S[4 VG[ VF5GL ;FY[ SM6 K[ m ODF"jI]\4 ;ZSFZ D]:TOF
K[P 5KL 5}KJFDF\ VFjI]\4 T[DG[ AM,FJJFDF\ VFjIF K[ m ODF"jI]\4
sCF f AM,FJJFDF\ VFjIF K[4 TM VF:DFGGM NZJF[ VDFZF DF8[
BM,L N[JFDF\ VFjIM4 tIFZ[ D[\ .NZL;
G[ [IF TM T[D6[ DC"AF
S]\ VG[ DFZF DF8[ N]VFV[ B{Z ODF"JL4 H[DGF AFZFDF\ B]NF TVF,FV[
ODF"jI]\ S[ VD[ V[G[ RF DSFG 5Z p9FJL ,LWMP
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
288
F
XZLOf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
289
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
GL 5F;[ 5CM\rIM
C]h}Z[ ODF"jI]\4 tIFZ AFN C]\ pTZLG[ D};F
TM T[DG[ 5Z:YlTYL JFS[O SIF"P T[D6[ S]\ S[4 TDFZF ZAGL 5F;[
H.G[ VlWS SDL SZFJM TM Z;},[ SZLD
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[4 D[\
D};F
G[ S]\ S[4 C]\ DFZF ZAGL 5F;[ sGDFhGF 38F0F DF8[f
V[8,L JBT CFHZ YIM K]\ S[ CJ[ DG[ tIF\ HTF\ XZD VFJ[ K[P sD]:,D
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
sZf C] h } Z ;{ I N[ VF,D
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
ZP ChZT lAZ
YL lZJFIT K[ S[ T[D6[ Z;},[ SZLD G[
ODF"JTF\ ;F\E?IF S[4 IFZ[ S]Z{X[ sD[VZFHGF JFIF ;\A\W[f DG[
BM8M SM sH}9,FjIMf TM C]\ sT[DGF ;JF,MGF HJFA VF5JF DF8[f
CHZGF :Y/[ pEM YIM TM B]NF TVF,FV[ A{T], D]S;G[ DFZL GHZM
;D SZL NLW] \ 4 C] \ A{ T ] , D] S ; TZO [ . ZM CTM VG[ T[ G L
lGXFGLVMGF AFZFDF\ SF{D[ S]Z{XGF ;JF,MGF HJFA VF5L ZM CTMP
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
B}A;}ZTL AIFG SZJFGL XT GYL WZFJT]\P 5KL B]NF TVF,FV[
DFZF TZO JCL ODF"JLP H[ SF\. JCL ODF"JL TM V[DF\ ZFT VG[ lNJ;DF\
5RF; GDFhM DFZF p5Z Oh" ODF"JLP C]\ 5FKF J/TF\ D};F
5F;[ VFjIMP T[D6[ 5}KI]\4 VF5GF 5ZJZlNUFZ[ TDFZL pdDT 5Z
X]\ Oh" ODF"jI]\ K[ m D[\ S]\4 ZFT lNJ;DF\ 5RF; GDFhM4 D};F
V[ S]\ S[ TDFZF 5ZJZlNUFZGL 5F;[ H.G[ 38F0JFGL NZBF:T ZH}
SZM4 V[8,F DF8[ S[ VF5GL pdDT V[8,L XT GYL WZFJTL4 D[\
AGL .:ZF.,GL VFHDF.X SZL K[ VG[ V[GL 5ZLF ,LWL K[P C]h}Z[
ODF"jI]\ S[4 D[\ 5FKF H.G[ Vh" SZL4 C[ DFZF 5ZJZlNUFZ DFZL
pdDT 5Z VF;FGL ODF"J TM B]NF TVF,FV[ DFZL pdDT 5ZYL
5F\R GDFhM VMKL SZL VF5LP OZL D};F
5F;[ VFjIM VG[ S]\
S[4 DFZFYL 5F\R GDFhM VMKL SZL VF5JFDF\ VFJLP T[D6[ S]\ S[
VF5GL pdDT V[ G L 56 TFSFT GYL WZFJTL4 TD[ OZL TDFZF
5ZJZlNUFZGL 5F;[ H.G[ 38F0M T,A SZMP C]h}Z[ ODF"jI]\ S[4 C]\
DFZF 5ZJZlNUFZ VG[ D};F
GL JrR[ VFJ SZTM ZM VG[
GDFhMGF 38F0FGM D RF,] ZM4 V[8,[ ;]WL S[ B]NF TVF,FV[
f VF ZFT VG[ lNJ;GL S], 5F\R GDFhM
ODF"jI]\4 C[ D]CdDN s
K[4 NZ[S GDFh DF8[ N; GDFhMGF AZFAZ ;JFA K[P
H[ Xb;[ G[SLGM .ZFNM SIM" VG[ T[G[ G SI] TM S[J/ .ZFNFYL H
T[GF DF8[ V[S G[SL ,BL N[JFDF\ VFJ[ K[4 VG[ [ SZL ,LWL TM T[GF
DF8[ N; G[SLVM ,BJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P VG[ [ SM. Xb; A]ZF SFDGM
.ZFNM SZ[ VG[ T[G[ G SZ[ TM SF\. ,BJFDF\ GYL VFJT] VG[ SZL ,LW]\
TM T[GF DF8[ V[S A]ZF. ,BJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P
291
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
5[Hv#Z_f
DMclHhFVM 0
!P ChZT VG;
YL DZJL K[ P T[ D 6[ ODF" j I] \ S[ 4
DFJF/FVMV[ C]h}Z ;{IN[ VF,D
G[ S]\ S[4 TD[ SM. DMclHhM
V[ RF\NGF A[ 8]S0F SZLG[ T[DG[
ATFJM TM ;ZSFZ[ VSN;
N[BF0L NLWF4 V[8,[ ;]WL S[ DFJF/FVMV[ lCZF 5CF0G[ RF\NGF A[
8]S0FVMGL JrR[ [IMP sA]BFZL4 D]:,D4 lDxSFT4 5[Hv5Z$f
V[
YL lZJFIT K[ S[
5Z V[ CF,TDF\ JCL GFlh, Y. ZCL CTL S[ VF5G]\
C]h}Z
D]AFZS ;Z ChZT V,L
GL UMNDF\ CT]\P TM ChZT V,L
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
U] D ZFC4 U] D ZFC SZGFZ VG[ OFl;S K[ P sTO;LZFT[ VCDlNIF4
292
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
V[ ST. K[4 S]VF"G DNYL ;FlAT K[ sV[GM .gSFZ SZGFZ SFlOZ
K[Pf VG[ HDLGYL VF;DFG ;]WL ;{Z ODF"JJL DxC}Z CNLMYL
;FlAT K[ sV[GM D]gSZ U]DZFC K[fP VG[ ;{IN], O]SCF ChZT D]<,F
ODF"J[ K[4 D:HN[ VS;F ;]WL D[VZFH ST. S]VF"GYL
JG
;FlAT K[ VG[ VF:DFGGL N]lGIF ;]WL DxC}Z CNLMYL ;FlAT K[P
VG[ VF;DFGMYL p5Z ;]WL VCFlNYL sCNLMYLf ;FlAT K[P H[YL
5C[,FGM D]gSZ ST. SFlOZ K[ VG[ ALGM ANNLG U]DZFC K[
VG[ +LGM D]gSZ OFl;S K[P
$P ChZT lAZ
YL DZJL K[ S[ C]h}Z
V[ ;}ZHG[
C]SD VF%IM S[4 YM0LSJFZ DF8[ RF,JFYL ZMSF. I TM TZ]\T ZMSF.
UIMP slTA| F GL XZC[ lXOF D] < ,F V,L SFZL V,IlCZ" C DT] , AFZL DV
G;LD]lZ"IFh4 EFUv#4 5[Hv!#f
5P ChZT lAZ
293
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
EFUv#4 5[Hv!_f
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
GL GS 5CM\rIM TM VF5[ T[G[ ODF"jI]\ S[4 X]\ T]\
IFZ[ T[ C]h}Z
V[ JFTGL UJFCL VF5[ K[ S[ V[S V<,FCGF l;JFI SM. .AFNTG[
,FIS GYL VG[ D]CdDN
B]NF TVF,FGF A\NF VG[ T[GF Z;},
K[P UFDl0IFV[ S]\ S[ TDFZL JFTM 5Z DFZF l;JFI AL] SM6 UJFCL
VF5X[ m C]h}Z[ ODF"jI]\ S[4 VF AFJ/G] hF0 UJFCL VF5X[ VFD
ODF"JLG[ VF5[ T[ hF0G[ AM,FjI]\P VF5 JFNLGF lSGFZ[ CTF4 V[ hF0
HDLGG[ RLZLG[ RF<I\] V[8,[ ;]WL S[ VF5GL ;D pE] Y. UI]\P
C]h}Z
V[ T[GL 5F;[ +6JFZ UJFCL T,A ODF"JL TM T[ hF0[
+6[J JFZ UJFCL VF5L S[4 CSLSTDF\ V[J]\ H K[4 H[J] S[ VF5[ ODF"jI]\P
tIFZAFN T[ hF0 5MTFG[ :YFG[ RF<I]\ UI]\P sNFZDL4 lDxSFT4 5[Hv5$!f
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
GDFh G 5-L XIF V[8,[ ;]WL S[ ;}ZH VFYDL UIMP
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[4 C[ V,L X]\ TD[ GDFh 5-L m
AFNDF\ C]h}Z
V[ AFZUFC[ .,FCLDF\ N]VF
T[D6[ Vh" SZL4 GCP TM C]h}Z
SZL4 IF .,FC], VF,DLG V,L TFZL VG[ TFZF Z;},GL .TFVT
TYF ODFAZNFZLDF\ CTF sV[8,F DF8[ T[DGL V;ZGL GDFh ShF
Y. U.f H[YL T]\ V[DGF DF8[ ;}ZHG[ 5,8FJL VF5P ChZT V:DF
ODF"J[ K[ S[4 D[\ [I]\ S[ ;}ZH VFYDL R}IM
lAgT[ VDL;
CTM OZLYL sGAJL N]VFGF AFNf D[\ [I]\ S[ T[ T],}V Y. UIM VG[
T[GF\ lSZ6M 5CF0M VG[ HDLGM 5Z O[,F. UIF\P VF 5|;\U ;CAF
:Y/[ p5:YT YIM H[ B{AZGL GS K[P slXOF DV G;LD]lZ"IFh4
294
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
5[Hv5#Zf
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
5Z\T] 5NF"GL SM. HUF VF5G[ [JF G D/LP VRFGS VF5GL GHZ
T[ JFNLGF lSGFZ[ A[ hF0M 5Z 50LP C]h}Z T[DGFYL V[SGL 5F;[ UIF
VG[ T[GL V[S 0F/BLG[ 5S0LG[ shF0G[f ODF"jI]\ S[ B]NFGF C]SDYL
DFZL ;FY[ RF, TM T[ hF0 T[ 8GL H[D RF,L 50I]\ H[GF GFSDF\
,UFD AF\W[,L ZC[ K[ VG[ 5MTFGF RF,SGL ODFAZNFZL SZ[ K[4 V[8,[
;]WL S[ C]h}Z T[ AL hF0 5F;[ TXZLO ,. UIF4 VG[ T[GL V[S 0F/L
5S0LG[ ODF"jI]\ S[4 C[ shF0f T]\ 56 B]NFGF C]SDYL DFZL ;FY[ RF,
TM V[ 56 5C[,F hF0GL DFOS RF,L GLS?I]\4 V[8,[ ;]WL S[ C]h}Z
IFZ[ T[ hF0MGL JrR[GL HUFV[ 5CM\rIF TM ODF"jI]\ S[4 sC[ hF0M f
TD[ A\G[ B]NFGF C]SDYL VF5;DF\ D/LG[ DFZF DF8[ 50NM sVF0f
AGL J TM A\G[ V[S AL ;FY[ D/L UIF\ sVG[ C]h}Z[ T[ hF0MGL
VF0DF\ ShFV[ CFHT ODF" J LfP ChZT lAZG] \ AIFG K[ S[ VF
VHAGF 5|;\UG[ [.G[ C]\ A[9M A[9M lJRFZL ZM CTM4 V[JFDF\ DFZL
GHZ p9L TM VRFGS D[\ [I]\ S[ C]h}Z[ VSN; TXZLO ,FJL ZF K[
VG[ [I]\ S[ VRFGS T[ A\G[ hF0M V,U Y. RF<IF\ VG[ 5MTFGL
HuIF 5Z pEF Y. UIF\P sD]:,D4 lDxSFT4 5[Hv5##f
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
)P ChZT lAZ .aG[ VaN]<,FC
V[ ODF"jI]\ S[ ;],C[
;D V[S
C]NIlAICGF lNJ;[ ,MSM TZ:IF CTF VG[ C]h}Z
%IF,M CTM H[GFYL VF5[ J]h} ODF"jI]\4 TM ,MSM VF5GL TZO NM0IF
C]h}Z[ ODF"jI]\ S[ X]\ JFT K[ m ,MSMV[ Vh" SZL4 VDFZL 5F;[ J]h}
SZJF VG[ 5LJF DF8[ 5F6L GYL 56 S[J/ V[ H K[ H[ VF5GL ;D
V[ 5MTFGM N:T[ D]AFZS V[ H %IF,FDF\ D}SL NLWM4
K[P TM C]h}Z
TM VF5GL VF\U/LVM NZdIFGYL hZ6F\VMGL H[D 5F6L pEZJF
G]\ AIFG K[ S[4 VD[ TDFD ,MSMV[
DF\0I]\P ChZT lAZ
5F6L 5LW]\ VG[ J]h} SI]P ChZT ;Fl,D ODF"J[ K[ S[ D[\ ChZT lAZG[
5}KI]\ S[ VF5 ,MSM S[8,L ;\bIFDF\ CTF m T[D6[ ODF"jI]\ S[ [ VD[
V[S ,FB 56 CMT TM 56 T[ 5F6L 5}ZT] Y. ZC[T4 sV[ ;DI[f
VDFZL ;\bIF 5\NZ;M CTLP sA]BFZL4 EFUv!4 5[Hv5_54 lDxSFT XZLO4
296
VSN;
G]\ D[VZFHGL ZF+[ VF:DFGMG]\ ;{Z ODF"JJ]\4 V[G[ DFGJ]\
,FlhD TYF H~ZL K[ VG[ T[GM D]gSZ U]DZFC ANDhCA K[P
sTO;LZFT[ VCDlNIC4 5[Hv#Z(f
SZFDTM 0
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
5[Hv5Z*f
5[Hv5$$f
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
5|N[XDF\ .:,FDL ,xSZ ;]WL 5CM\RJFGMf DFU" E},L UIF VYJF
S[N SZL N[JFDF\ VFjIF CTFP TM .:,FDL ,xSZGL T,FXDF\ EFUL
K}8IFP VRFGS V[S ;C T[DG[ ;FD[ D?IM TM VF5[ ;CG[ S]\4 C[
GM U],FD K]\4 DFZL ;FY[ VF
VA} CFlZ C]\ ;ZSFZ[ VSN;
5|DF6[GM 5|;\U AgIM K[P TM ;C sS}TZFGL H[Df 5}K0L 5858FJTM
GS VFJLG[ ChZT ;OLGCGL AFH]DF\ pEM Y. UIM sVG[ ;FY[
;FY[f RF,JF ,FuIMP IFZ[ ;C SM. RLHGM VJFH ;F\E/TM TM
T[GL TZO NM0L HTM 5KL 5FKM VFJLG[ T[DGL AFH]DF\ RF,JF ,FUTM4
V[8,[ ;]WL S[ ChZT ;OLGC .:,FDL ,xSZ ;]WL 5CM\RL UIF 5KL
;C 5FKM RF<IM UIMP slDxSFT XZLO4 5[Hv5$5f
#P ChZT VG;
YL lZJFIT K[ S[ p;{N .aG[ C]h[Z VG[
GAL SZLD
;FY[ 5MTFGF SM.S
VaAFN .aG[ lAxZ
D:V,F AFAT[ ZFTGF V[S 5CMZ 5;FZ YTF ;]WL RRF" SZTF ZFP
T[ ZFT 36L H V\WFZL CTLP 5KL T[ ,MSM 5MTFGF 3ZMV[ 5FKF J/JF
GL AFZUFC[YL GLS?IF VG[ A\G[ ChZFTGF
DF8[ Z;},[ SZLD
CFYMDF\ GFGL GFGL ,F9LVM CTLP 5KL T[VMDF\YL V[S H6GL ,F9L
A\ G [ G F DF8[ 5| S FlXT Y. U.P tIFZAFN A\ G [ ChZFT ,F9LGL
ZMXGLDF\ RF,TF ZF V[8,[ ;]WL S[ IFZ[ A\G[GM Z:TM V,U V,U
YIM TM ALGL ,F9L 56 5|SFlXT Y. U. 5KL NZ[S 5MT5MTFGL
,F9LGF 5|SFXDF\ 5MTFGF 3ZM ;]WL 5CM\RL UIFP sA]BFZL4 lDxSFT4
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VG[ T[ G M .gSFZ SZGFZ SFlOZ K[ P sVxVT] , ,dVFT4 EFUv$4
.<D[ UIA 0
5[Hv5!&f
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
EFUv$4 5[Hv5)5f
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
EFUvZ4 5[Hv#)_f
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
;]WLGL ;J" CF,TMGL BAZ K[P
ZP ChZT VA} hIN V[8,[ VD| .aG[ VbTA Vg;FZL
ODF"J[ K[ S[ C]h}Z
V[ VDG[ OHZGL GDFh 5-FJL VG[ lDdAZ
5Z ZMGS VOZMh Y.G[ VDFZL ;D TSZLZ ODF"JL4 V[8,[ ;]WL S[
hMCZGL GDFhGM ;DI VFJL UIMP 5KL lDdAZ[YL TXZLO ,FJLG[
GDFh 5-FJL4 tIFZAFN lDdAZ 5Z TXZLO ,. UIF 5KL VDFZL
;D TSZLZ ODF"JL4 V[8,[ ;]WL S[ V;ZGL GDFhGM ;DI VFJL
UIMP 5KL lDdAZ 5ZYL pTZLG[ GDFh 5-FJL4 tIFZAFN lDdAZ
5Z TXZLO ,. UIF V[ 8 ,[ ;] W L S[ ;} Z H VFYDL UIMP TM V[
TSZLZDF\ H[ SF\. YI]\ VG[ H[ SF\. YJFG]\ K[ TDFD 5|;\UMGL BAZ
C]h}Z[ VDG[ VF5L NLWL4 TM VDFZF ,MSMDF\ ;F{YL DM8M VFl,D T[
Xb; K[ H[G[ C]h}ZGL ATFJ[,L BAZM VlWS IFN K[P sD]:,D XZLO4
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
SZFDTM ACFZ 50JFG] C K[ V[8,[ S]VF"G TYF CNLYL ;FlAT
K[P VG[ ChZT X{B VaN],C D]Cl NC[<JL A]BFZL
ODF"J[ K[4 sVY"f o VC,[ C V[ JFT 5Z ;CDT K[ S[ VJl,IFV[
lSZFDYL SZFDTM 5| N lX" T Y. XS[ K[ P VG[ V<,FCJF/FVMYL
SZFDTMG]\ C[Z YJ]\ S]VF"G TYF CNLYL ;FlAT K[ VG[ ;CFAF
TYF TYF TFA[.GGL ;TT BAZMYL 56 :5 K[P sVxVT], ,dVFT4
lDxSFTMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
XZLO4 5[Hv$&#f
VgJFZ], CNLQ
300
301
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
5P ChZT VG;
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VF CNL 5ZYL 6JF D?I]\ S[ ov
s!f C]h}Z
GL lGUFC DF8[ SM. RLH VF0 GYL AGL XTL
V[8,[ ;]WL S[ HDLGGL V\NZ H[ VhFA YFI K[ V[G[ 56 VF5 [.
ZF CTFP
sZf C]h}Z
Db,}SFTGF NZ[S p3F0F VG[ K]5F SFDG[ [.
ZF K[4 S[ VtIFZ[ SM6 X]\ SZL Z]\ K[ VG[ 5C[,F\ X]\ SZT]\ CT]\4 S[D S[
VF5[ ODF"JL NLW]\ S[4 V[S R]U,L SZTM CTM VG[ AL[ 5[XFAYL ARTM
G CTMP
s#f C]h}Z
NZ[S U]GFCGM .,FH 56 6 K[4 S[D S[ SAZ
5Z 0F/LVM D}SL NLWL H[YL VhFA C/JM YIMP
s$f SAZM 5Z ,L,L JG:5lT VG[ O}, JU[Z[ GFBJ]\ ;]gGTYL
;FlAT K[ S[D S[ T[GL T:ALCYL D]0NFG[ ZFCT YFI K[P
s5f SAZ 5Z S]VF"G DNGL lT,FJT DF8[ CFO[hG[ A[;F0JM
A[CTZ K[ S[D S[ IFZ[ ,L,MTZLGF lhYL VhFA C/JM YFI K[ TM
.g;FGGF lhYL RM; C,SM YX[P
s&f [ S[ NZ[S ;}SL TYF ,L,L RLH T:ALC 5-[ K[4 56 ,L,L
RLHGL T:ALCYL D] 0 NFG[ ZFCT G;LA YFI K[ 4 V[ J L H ZLT[
ccA[NLGGL lT,FJT[ S]VF"G[ 5FSGM SM. H OFINM GYLcc S[D
S[ V[GFDF\ S]GL X]QSTF K[ VG[ ccDMclDGGL lT,FJT OFINFSFZS
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
6JF D?I]\ S[ C]h}ZGM .<D TDFD S]<,IT VG[ H]h.iIFT 3[Z[,
K[4 S[D S[ VF5[ EFlJDF\ 5[NF YGFZF lOtGF V\U[hMGF\ GFD4 T[DGF AF5MGF\
GFD VG[ T[DGF SAL,FVMGF\ GFD ,MSMG[ AIFG ODF"jIF\P
302
303
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
V[ ATFJL CTL4 5KL T[ SFlOZMG[ S}JFGL V\NZ p5ZFT/L GF\BL
N[JFDF\ VFjIFP slDxSFT XZLO4 5[Hv5$Zf
6JF D?I]\ S[ C]h}Z
G[
sS. HDLGDF\
DZX[fGM 56 .<D K[4 S[D S[ ANZGF D[NFGDF\ VF5[ ODF"JL NLW]\ S[4
.gXFV<,FC] TVF,F SF,[ VC O,F6M Xb; St, YX[ VG[ VC
GF ODF"jIFG];FZ
O,F6M Xb; DZX[P 5KL AL lNJ;[ C]h}Z
YI]\ V[8,[ S[ H[ :Y/M VF5[ NXF"jIF\ CTF\ T[DF\YL HZF 5Z O[ZOFZ G YIMP
;}RGF o s!f cc.<D[ UIAcc V[ JFTMG[ 6JFG[ SC[ K[ H[G[
A\NFVM ;FDFgI VFNT 5|DF6[ 5MTFGL V, TYF 5MTFGF V[C;F;
sVG]E}lTf J0[ 6L GYL XTFP sTO;LZ[ SALZ4 EFUv!4 5[Hv!*$f
sZf S]VF"G DN4 5FZFvZ)4 Z]S}Vv!ZDF\ K[ ov
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
H[D GYL A<S[ C]h}Z
VFU/ 5FK/4 p5Z GLR[ VG[ V\WFZF
TYF VHJF/FDF\ V[S ;DFG [TF CTF4 V[8,[ ;]WL S[ B]X}V H[ lN,GL
[TF CTFP
V[S S{lOITG]\ GFD K[ T[G[ 56 C]h}Z
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
304
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
305
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
D:HNGL .DFDT SZTF ZF VG[ AL EF. VaN], DSLD CTF
H[VM B}A H D]SL TYF 5ZC[hUFZ CTF VG[ ~WM,LGL GS 5MTFGF
;;]ZF,DF\ ZC[TF CTFP .gT[SF,GF K DF; 5KL 5F6LGF JC[6YL
V;Z 5FDLG[ T[DGL SAZ B],L U. TM ,FX TZMTFhF CTL VG[ SOG
56 D[,] YI]\ G CT]\P
DFZF JFl,N G D]CdDN DC}"D ,F\AF VZ;F ;]WL 5MTFGF 3Z[
OL;ALl,<,FC AF/SMG[ DhCAL TFc,LD VF5TF ZF VG[ AFAF
VaN],SZLD[ 5MTFGF JGDF\ T[DG[ D[V D:HNGF .DFD lGI]T
SIF" TM T[VM S[J/ V<,FCGL ZhFG[ BFTZ 5UFZ lJGF JGEZ
5FA\ N L ;FY[ GDFh[ 5\ H UFGF TYF ] d VF TYF .NMGL .DFDT
ODF" J TF ZFP 36F H D] SL TYF 5ZC[ h UFZ CTFP VFH[ 56
VFAFNLGF ,MSM T[DGF TSJF TYF 5ZC[hUFZLG[ IFN SZ[ K[ VG[
T[DGM p<,[B B}A H V[CT[ZFDGL ;FY[ SZ[ K[P
DFZF\ JFl,NF DC}"DF ALAL ZCDT]gG;F V[S NLGNFZ 3ZFGFGF\
5]+L CTF\P VG[ ;JFZ[ lT,FJT[ S]VF"G DNGF\ A[CN 5FA\N CTF\P
N]VFV[ U]\H, VX" VG[ N]~N[ ,BL T[DG[ DM-[ IFN CTF\ H[G[ NZZMH
VR} S 5-IF SZTF\ P !$ HDFNLp, VjJ, lCP;P !#)) .P;P
5|DF6[ !Z4 V[l5|, !)*)GF ZMHYL C]\ T[DGF C[ZL ;FIFYL D[C~D
Y. UIMP B]NF TVF,F T[DGL SA| 5Z ZCDTGF\ O},M JZ;FJ[ S[ T[D6[
DFZL TFc,LDGF AFZFDF\ H[ EFU EHjIM K[ T[G]\ F\T VF HDFGFDF\
D/J]\ D]xS[, K[P C]\ T[DGL J'FJ:YFGM V[SGM V[S 5]+ CTM VG[
5|YDJFZ IFZ[ C]\ GFU5]Z UIM TM V-L JZ; AFN 5FKM VFjIM V[
NZdIFGDF\ T[D6[ DG[ VFJJFGF AFZFDF\ 5+ 56 G ,bIM S[ H[YL
TFc,LDL SM;"DF\ G]S;FG G YFIP OHhFp<,FC] TVF,F B{Z], HhFP
TFc,LDGM 5|FZ\E o JGGF 5F\RDF JZ;DF\ DFZF l5TFGF
XFlUN" DM<JL hSlZIF ;FCA DC} " D H[ V M VMhFU\ H DF\ H
OL;ALl,<,FC 5MTFGF 3Z[ V[S DSTA R,FJTF CTF T[DGL 5F;[
AUNFNL SFINM X~ SIM"P lCP;P !#5)DF\ .P;P !)$_DF\ ;FT
JZ;GL pDZDF\ S]VF"G DN GFhZF BTD SI] TM DM<JL D]CdDN
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
306
307
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
Xb;[ DG[ EF. AGFJL ,LWMP sVO;M; S[ CNL
5Z
VD, G SZJFGF SFZ6[ T[ AFNDF\ U]DZFC Y. UIMPf C]\ T[G]\ YM0]S
36] SFD 56 SZL VF%IF SZTM CTM VG[ ;JFZ ;F\H 5FA\NLYL 5-JF
56 HTM ZC[TM CTMP lCOh NZdIFG OFH, ;DIDF\ D[\ pN}" ,BJF
5-JFG]\ T[ H XLBL ,LW] CT]\ V[8,F DF8[ .<T[OFTU\HDF\ lCOhGM
NMZ ;\E/FJJFGL ;FY[ D[\ OFZ;L VFDNGFDF X~ SZL NLWL H[ DM<JL
VaN]Z"pO ;FCA[ 5-FJLP VG[ AFGLV[ OIh]Z";}, XMV{A], VF{l,IF
ChZT XFC D]CdDN IFZ V,L lSa,F
GF 5LZhFNF ChZT
DF{,FGF VaN],AFZL ;FCAYL OFZ;LGL GFGL DM8L AFZ lSTFAM 5-L
VG[ VZALGL 5|FZ\lES TFc,LD 56 T[DGF YSL D[/JLP
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
hSlZIF ;FCA DC}"D H[VM S]VF"GGF CFlOh TM G CTF 56 CFlOhMGL
H[D T[DG[ S]VF"G DN IFN CT]\ T[DGFYL D[\ lCOh 5-JFG]\ X~ SZL
VF%I]\P
308
309
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
CJ[ 3ZGF\ DF6;M VG[ VgI ;\A\WLVM DFZL TFc,LD A\W SZLG[
SFIDL WMZ6[ SM. SFDDF\ ,FUL HJFGL JFTM SZJF ,FuIF\ V[8,[ ;]WL
S[ JFl,N{G[ VF JFT DFZL ;D ZFBL TM V[ ,MSMG[ D[\ DFZL TFc,LD
RF,] ZFBJF ;D\T SZL ,LWF\P V[8,F DF8[ S[ DFZF DM8F EF. DC}"D
D]CdDN lGhFD]LG[ .gT[SF,YL 5C[,F\ S]\ CT]\ S[4 ccDFZL TDgGF
CTL S[ C]\ TG[ 5-JF DF8[ AZ[,L XZLO DMS,TM VG[ TG[ VFl,D[ NLG
AGFJTM 56 VO;M; S[ CJ[ C]\ JTM ZCLX GCPcc DG[ T[DGL TDgGF
5}6" SZJFGL ,UG CTL VG[ J/L C]\ V[D lJRFZTM S[ ,MSM DG[ CFlOh
SC[ K[ 56 C]\ TM lC, K]\ S[ lC,MGL H[D C]\ 56 D:V,F D;F.,
SF\. GYL 6TM4 OZS S[J/ V[8,M K[ S[ T[VM S]VF"G DN [.G[
5-[ K[ VG[ C]\ DM-[ 5-]\ K]\ V[8,F DF8[ C]\ VFl,D H~Z Y.XP
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
5KL DFZF 9[SF6[ VFJLG[ ;}. HTMP VG[ ;JFZYL ;F\H ;]WL SFD
SZTM H[GFYL DCLG[ Z5v#_ ~FP YSL DFZF\ DF\AF5GL lBNDT SZTMP
VG[ DFZF BFJF 5LJF TYF VgI JG H~ZL RL[GL jIJ:YF SZTMP
VF ZLT[ GFU5]ZDF\ DFZM D K[J8 ;]WL ZMP
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
5Z GMSZL :JLSFZL ,LWL S[ ;JFZ ;F\H AaA[ S,FS 5-JF 56 H.XP
VF ZLT[ ,UEU V[S JZ; SF-I]\ VG[ D[\ .<T[OFTU\H DN=;FDF\
RF,TM SM;" 5}6" SIM"P
310
311
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
D[\ XMV{A], VF{l,IFG[ uIFZJ XZLOGF DMSF 5Z ;DNFDF\ D],FSFT
SZL TM ChZT[ B}A H .HT SZL VG[ ChZT X[Z A[ XV[ VC,[
;]gGT ;FY[ DFZL VM/BF6 SZFJL TM T[VM 56 B}A H .HTYL
JT"IFP 5KL A\G[ A]h]UM"GF DxJZFYL A:TL lH<,FGF EFJ5]ZGF DN=;F
SFNlZIF ZhlJiICGL TNZL;L lBNDTGF DF8[ DG[ lGI]T SZJFDF\
VFjIMP H[YL C]\ HDFNLp, VjJ, lCP;P !#*$4 gI]VFZL !)55
.P;PDF\ EFJ5]Z VFJL UIMP tIF\ S[8,FI[ JZ;M VUFpYL ChZT
X[Z A[XV[ VC,[ ;]gGTGL ;Z5Z:TLDF\ DN=;M RF,L ZM CTM 5Z\T]
tIF\GL BDLZDF\ lOtGM CMJFYL DFZFYL VUFp 36FI[ p,DF VFjIF
VG[ lOtGFYL VFlHh VFJLG[ HTF ZFP D[\ tIF\ 5CM\RLG[ DN=;FG[
VFU/ JWFZJFGL EZ5]Z SMlXX SZL VG[ ZFT lNJ;GL EFUNM0
YSL DN=;FG[ V[ D\lh,[ 5CM\RF0L VF%IM S[ V[YL 5C[,F\ SNL VF8,L
5|UlT G SZL CTL 56 DFZL CFHZLDF\ 56 lOtGM B0M Y. UIM TM
VFlHh VFJLG[ hL SVNF lCP;P !#*5 .P;P !)5&DF\ D[ \
ZFGFD] VF5L NLW]\P
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
:YF5L NLWMP ,MSMV[ DG[ 5-FJJF DF8[ DHA}Z SIM" TM YM0FS lNJ;M
DF8[ D[\ D\h}Z SZL ,LW]\P VG[ IFZ[ DN=;FGL jIJ:YF DHA}T Y.
U. TM C]\ OZL GFU5}Z H.G[ TFc,LD 5|F%TDF\ ,FUL UIM VG[ !(
JZ;GL JI[ Z$ XFAFG lCP;P !#*!4 .P;P 5| D F6[ !) D[
V[ N;
!)5ZGF ZMH ChZT V<,FDF VX" N ] , SFNZL
;FYLVM ;FY[ DG[ 56 OZFUTGL ;GN VTF SZLP VF ZLT[
VMhFU\HGF .lTCF;DF\ C]\ 5|YD OFlZU]C;L, AgIMP
N:TFZA\NL 5KL C]\ OZL N]A]<IF AFhFZ DN=;FDF\ TNZL;L lBNDT
V\D VF5JF ,FuIM VG[ T[GL TFc,LDL SFG[ prR SZJFGL SMlXX
SZL 56 SlD8L ;eIM pt;FCL G CTF H[YL T[D6[ DFZM ;FY G VF%IM
DG[ DFZL TZLGM DFU" VJZMWFTM ,FuIM H[YL D[\ ZFGFD] VF5L
NLW]\P
HDX[N5]ZDF\ o ChZT V<,FDF sVX"N],SFNZLfV[ VDFZF
,MSMGL N:TFZA\NL 5KL GFU5]ZYL HDX[N5]Z H.G[ DN=;F O{h],
p,} D :YF%IMP N] A ] < IF DN= ; FYL hL SVNF lCP;P !#*# .P;P
!)5$DF\ ZFGFD] VF%IF AFN ChZTGF AM,FJJFYL C] \ 56
HDX[N5]ZDF\ 5CM\RL UIMP V[ HDFGFDF\ HDX[N5]ZGM V{lTCFl;S
D]GFhZM YIM H[DF\ VC,[ ;]gGT J HDFVTG[ p3F0L T sOTC[
D]ALGf CF\;, Y. VG[ D]GFlhZ[ VC,[ ;]gGT ChZT V<,FDF
VX" N ] , SFNZL ;FCAG[ H,L,] , SNZ p,DFV[ lSZFD[ ccOFT[ C [
HDX[N5]ZccGM ,SA VF%IMP DN=;F OIh], p,}DDF\ T[ ;DI[ SM.
D]NlZ";GL H~ZT G CTL V[8,F DF8[ DG[ V[S DTADF\ 5-FJJF
DF8[ D]SZ"Z SZJFDF\ VFjIM TM C]\ EuG NI[ ,UEU 5F\R DCLGF
AFN ChZT V<,FDFGL Z ,.G[ 3Z[ 5FKM RF<IM VFjIMP
EFJ5]Z lHP A:TLDF\ o V[ HDFGFDF\ AFGLV[ OIh]Z";},
XMV{A], VF{l,IF ChZT XFC D]CdDN IFZ V,L ;FCA lSa,F
uIFZJL XZLOGF 5|MU|FD ;DNF lHP O{hFAFNDF\ SIF" SZTF
CTFP VG[ T[ JBT[ X[ZA[ XV[ VC,[ ;]gGT ChZT CxDTV,LBF\
DM8F EFU[ XMV{A], VF{l,IFGL ;FY[ ZF SZTF CTFP
;FCA
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
312
313
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VG[ IF\ ;]WL ChZTGL VF{,FN T[DGF p;},M 5Z RF,TL ZC[X[ VG[
T[DGF GX[ SNDG[ 5MTFGF DF8[ NLJFNF\0L AGFJX[ TM ISLGG VF
.NFZM TZL H SZTM ZC[X[P
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
pdDLN G ZCLP V\H]DG[ DM.G], .:,FD4 5}ZFGL A:TLGF ;eIMV[
ChZT DF{ , FGF ANZ] LG VCDN ;FCA ZhJL H[ J F DC[ G TL
VFl,DG[ SFD SZJF G NLW]\ VG[ DN=;F VgJFZ], p,}D T],;L5]Z H[
36M H TZL 5Z CTM 56 DTE[ N MGF ;AA[ T[ 56 h05E[ Z
VWMUlTGF 5\Y[ H. ZM CTMP TM ChZT XMVA], VJl,IFV[ OZL
DTA[ OIh]Z";},G[ NFZ], p,}D OIh]Z";}, AGFJJF RFM4 S[D S[
lCP;P !#5$ .P;P !)#5YL lCP;P !#5( .P;P !)#) ;]WLDF\
V[SJFZ NFZ], p,}D OIh]Z";}, OZL DTA OIh]Z";}, AGL UIM
CTMP
hL, CH lCP;P !#*$4 H] , F. !)55 .P;PDF\ IFZ[
EFJ5]ZDF\ GJF GJF lOtGF HgD ,. R}IF CTF4 ChZT[ DF6;
DMS,LG[ DG[ A|FpG XZLO AM,FjIMP C]\ CFHZ YIM TM ODF"jI]\ S[ C]\
VF lJ:TFZGF DN=;FVMGF RF,JFYL lGZFX Y. UIM K]\ H[YL DFZ[
tIF\ B}N NFZ], p,}D R,FJJFGM lGlI SZL ,LWM K[P ;F\E?I]\ K[ S[
TD[ EFJ5]ZDF\ ZC[JFGF GYLP C]\ V[J]\ GYL RFCTM S[ TD[ EFJ5]Z
KM0L NM4 5Z\T] [ KM0L VF5M TM SM. VgI 9[SF6[ G HXM A<S[ VDFZ[
tIF\ VFJXM S[ VtIFZ[ DFZ[ V[S ;FZF VFl,DGL T,FX K[P D[\ lJRFZL
;MRLG[ HJFA VF5JFGM JFINM SIM" VG[ EFJ5]Z 5CM\rIF AFN V[GF
,LW[ S[ IFZ[S V<,FCJF/FVMYL AC] H VlWS lGS8TF hCDTGM
;AA AGL I K[4 H[YL D[\ ChZTG[ GF 5F0TM 5+ ,BL NLWMP 5Z\T]
EFJ5]ZDF\ lOtGFGF ;AA[ ZC[J]\ VXI Y. UI]\ TM ZFGFD] N.G[
A| F pG XZLO VFJL UIM VG[ V[ S hL, CH lCP;P !#*54
!_vH],F. .P;P !)5&YL AFSFINF NFZ], p,}D OIh]Z";},GM
D]NlZ"; AGL UIM VG[ ,UEU Z5 JZ;MYL ;TT V[ H NFZ], p,}D
OIh]Z";},DF\ DFZF :YFGGL OZ[ V\D VF5L ZM K]\P
OIh]Z";},GM 5FIM B],}; 5Z CMJFG[ ,.G[ VG[ ChZT XFC
p,DF TYF T,AFGL B}A H SNZ SZTF CTF
;FCA lSa,F
VG[ T[DGF ;FCAhFNFVM 56 p,DF TYF T,AFGL B}A .HT SZ[
K[ V[8,F DF8[ VF .NFZM ZMH 5|UlTGF 5\Y[ VFU[S}R SZL ZM K[
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
314
315
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VG[ ;{INL D]lX"NL ;NZ]xXZLVC ChZT V<,FDF DF{,FGF CSLD
VA], p,F D]CdDN VDHN V,L ;FCA
;J" .<DM TYF
lJnFVMDF\ ;\5}6" 5|E]tJ WZFJTF CTF 56 lOSFCTGM U]6 T[DGFDF\
VlTXI lJlX CTM4 H[YL VF ChZT ;NZ]xXZLVC
GM
OIh K[ S[ N;" TYF TNZL;4 ,[BG TYF ;\5FNG VG[ NFZ], p,}DGL
VgI jI:TTFGL ;FY[ Z5 JZ;DF\ NM- CZYL lJX[ OTJF ,bIF
H[ O], :S[5 ;F.hGF V[S CZYL VlWS 5[[ 5Z O[,FI[,F K[ VG[
GSGF ElJQIDF\ ccOTFJF OIh]Z";},ccGF GFDYL K5F.G[ 5|l;
YGFZ K[P
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
ChZT DF{,FGFV[ OtJFGJ[;LYL DFZL lN,R:5L [.G[ SFIDL WMZ6[
V[ SFD DG[ ;]5|T SZL VF%I]\P
5C[,F\ V[ SFD C]\ 5-F. l;JFIGF ;DI[ SIF" SZTM CTM4 5Z\T]
IFZ[ SFD JWL UI]\ TM TFc,LDGF ;DIDF\YL V[S S,FS 5KL A[
S,FS VG[ CJ[ +6 S,FS OTJF ,[BG DF8[ BF; K[P
N[X 5ZN[XYL VFJ[,F ;JF,MGF HJFAM ,BJFGF DF8[ VF ;DI
56 V5}ZTM K[P 56 OTJF ,[BGGF SFZ6[ CNL4 TO;LZ4 p;},[
lOSC4 ;ZO TYF GC J 4 VNA VG[ DgTS JU[ Z [ G F ;ASM DFZL
N;"UFCDF\ 5|YDYL A\W K[ VG[ C]\ N;" TYF TNZL;YL lA,S], V,U
GYL YJF RFCTM4 S[D S[ .<DL ;,FlCIT ;,FDT ZFBJF DF8[ C]\
T[G[ B}A H H~ZL ;DH] K]\P J/L NFZ], p,}DGF T,AF VDFZL
N;"UFCDF\ lOSC 5-JFGF DF8[ 36L SMlXX SZ[ K[ V[8,F DF8[ ;DIDF\
VJSFX G CMJF KTF\ XZC[ JS F IF TYF lCNFIF VjJ,LG TYF
VFBZLGGF ;ASM 5-FJL VF%IF SZ]\ K]\ VG[ OTJF ,[BGGF\ AFSL
ZC[TF\ SFDM ZF+[ SZL ,LWF SZ]\ K]\P
D]ZLNG[ [ 5LZ 5|tI[ BZ[BZ B],}; CMI TM 5LZGF BF; U]6G]\
5|lTAA D]ZLNDF\ ;DFI[, CMJ]\ H~ZL K[4 V[8,F DF8[ 5LZGF BF;
U]6GL h,S [ D]ZLNDF\ G 5FDJFDF\ VFJ[ TM C]\ T[G[ ;FRM D]ZLN
GYL ;DHTMP XMV[A], VF{l,IF ChZT XFC D]CdDN IFZ
316
317
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
l;IZ VG[ Vb,FS TYF T;jJ]O JU[Z[ NZ[S .<D TYF lJnFGL lSTFAM
,BJFDF\ VFU/ VFU/ K[ VG[ VF56[ lA,S], G ,BJFGF AZFAZ
K[P V[8,F DF8[ S[ VF56L HDFVTGF DM8F EFUGF T[ H,L,],
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VG[ B}A H .HT TYF DFGE[Z T[G[ lJNFI SZ[ K[P
C]\ V[JF H<;FVMDF\ IF\ UJ{IF XFIZ CFHZ CMI T[DF\ lXS"T
SZJFYL 5ZC[ h SZ] \ K] \ S[ D S[ DhCAL H,;FVMDF\ DhCAL
5[XJFVMGL pTZTF DGL C{l;IT CMJL DhCA TYF DhCAL 5[xJF
A\G[GL DF{T K[P
,[BG TYF ;\5FNG o N;" TYF TNZL; VG[ OtJFGF\ SFDM
JU[Z[GL jI:TTF KTF\ D[\ OIh]Z";},DF\ VFJTF\ H ,[BG TYF ;\5FNGGM
D X~ SZL VF%IMP Z5 JZ;DF\ GFGL DM8L H[8,L lSTFAM ,BL T[
VF 5|DF6[ K[ ov
DF{,FGF ~D
GL DQGJL XZLODF\YL R}\8L SF-[, JFTM
TH] " D F TYF ;\ l %T B] , F;F ;FY[ T[ ccU] , N:TFV[ DQGJLcc TYF
ccU],hFZ[ DQGJLcc4 S]VF"GL VFITMYL V[S ;J"G[ ;DHDF\ VFJ[ T[JL
VG[ ;\ l %T lSTFA ccDVFlZO[ S] V F" G cc4 cc;HNFV[ TFchLDcc4
5a,SGF VSLNF T[DH ZMH p5:YT YTF GDFh4 hSFT VG[ ZMhF
JU[Z[GF D;F.,DF\ ;\l%T 56 ;D' lSTFA ccVgJFZ[ XZLVTcc
pO[ " VrKL GDFh4 CH J lhIFZT4 VF9 lJlJW D:V,FVMGM
TCSLSL O[\;,F4 AF/SM TYF AF/SLVMGM ;]gGIT VOZMh l;,l;,M
G}ZFGL TFc,LD TYF VgJFZ], CNLP
lACdNCL TVF,F VF ;J" lSTFAM S[8,LI[ JFZ K5F.G[ VJFD
T[DH BF; ,MSMYL NFN D[/JL R}SL K[P VF ;J" lSTFAMDF\ ;F{YL
DCtJGL VgJFZ], CNL K[ H[GL A[ VFJ'lVM CN]:TFGDF\ K5F.
R} S L K[ VG[ +L VFJ' l ZhF 5a,S[ X g; ,FCMZ[ B} A H ;FZL
-AYL KF5LG[ T[G[ RFZ RF\N ,UF0L VF%IF K[P .:TOTFGL VlWTFGF
SFZ6[ CJ[ O]Z;N GYL D/TL [ DMSM D?IM TM DZTF\ 5C[,F\ S[8,LS
DCtJGL TYF ,FENFIL lSTFAM ,BJFGL TDgGF K[P
VF56L HDFVTDF\ ,[BG ;\5FNGGL B}A H p65 K[P U{Z ,MSM
S]VF"G TYF CNLGF TH]"DFVM4 T[DGL TO;LZM TYF B],F;FVM4 N;L"
lSTFAMGL XZCM TYF CFlXIFVM VG[ T[GF TH]"DFVM4 TFZLB TYF
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
318
319
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
DhFZMGL J[ZFGL [.G[ 36] H N]oB YI]\ S[ 5C[,F\ V[ DhFZM 5Z S[JF\
XFGNFZ U]\ANM AG[,F CTF H[G[ GNL JCFAL UJG"D[g8[ BMNLG[ O[\SL NLWFP
HgGT], ASLVGL CFHZL AFN H\U[ VMCNGF :Y/[ ALZ[ ChZT
4 D:HN[ lSa,T{G4 H\U[ B\NSGF :Y/[4 D:HN[ S]AF
pQDFG
TYF VgI D]AFZS :Y/MGL lhIFZT SZTF\ SZTF\ AFU[ ;<DFG4 OFZ;L
DF\ CFHZ YIF H[YL C]h}Z
GF N:T[ VSN; J0[ ,UF0[,
BH}ZGF\ A[ hF0M H[ C ;]WL DF{H}N K[ T[GL lhIFZT SZLV[P 56
AFUDF\ T[ hF0MGL lhIFZT G Y. XSL 36M H VO;M; YIMP
AFUJF/FG[ 5}KTF\ H6FjI]\ S[ A[ lNJ; 5C[,F\ H V[8,[ S[ ZZ hL,
SVNF lCP;P !#)&GF ZMH 5M,L;[ pEF ZCLG[ S5FJL GFbIF\P
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
;MDJFZ[ V;ZGL GDFh 5-LG[ DNLGF TIAFCGF DF8[ ZJFGF YIFP
DUlZAGL GDFh XC[ZYL ACFZ GLS/LG[ YM0FS DF.,GF V\TZ[ 5-L
VG[ .XFGL GDFh ANZ D]SFD[ VNF Y.P VF ZLT[ ZF+[ V[S JFuI[ T[
5lJ+ XC[ZDF\ NFB, Y. UIF H[ VFlXSMGF .DFGGM lSa,M K[P
VG[ Z# hL, CH OHZGL GDFhGF ;DI[ ;ZSFZ[ VFchD
GF DJFHC[ VSN;DF\ Z0TF\ Z0TF\ CFHZ YIMP
VFc,F ChZT .DFD VCDN ZhF
GF
B,LOF ChZT V<,FDF DF{,FGF lhIFpLG VCDN ;FCA lSa,F
H[DGL HgD TFZLB lCP;P !Z)$ K[4 T[VM N; JZ;
AUNFN XZLODF\ ZMSF6 SIF" AFN ,UEU *_ JZ;YL DNLGF
D]GjJZFDF\ :YFIL K[P ;F.9 CHYL JW] SZL R}IF K[ VG[ T[DGF
D] Z LNM TYF B,LOF VFBF .:,FDL HUTDF\ O[ , FI[ , F K[ P T[ V M
DUlZAGL GDFh AFN NZZMH DL,FN XZLOGL D[ClO, UM9J[ K[
AFNDF\ ;J" CFHZHGMGL ;FZL DC[DFG GJFhL SZ[ K[P
AL lNJ;[ C]\ 56 V[ D]AFZS D[ClO,DF\ XZLS YIMP ChZTG[
.xS[ Z;},DF\ R}Z 5FdIFP VG[ T[DGL D[ClO,DF\ DG[ RMTZO .xS[
Z;},GF H H<JF [JF D?IFP IFZ[ DHDM VMKM YIM TM D[\ ChZT
;FY[ ;,FD TYF D] ; FOM SIM" P B} A H DCMaAT5} J " S JT" I FP HTL
J[ / F D[ \ Z_ lZIF, GhZ 5[ X SZLP SA} , SZTF\ ODF" j I] \ S[ VF
DFD,FDF\ DFZM D:,S K[ S[ TDV G SZM DGF G SZMP B} A H
A] h ] U " C:TL K[ 4 B] N F TVF,F T[ D GL CIFT[ D] A FZSFG[ VlWSYL
VlWS ,F\ A L SZ[ P
+L lNJ;[ VhLh[ lUZFDL DF{,FGF D]CdDN .A|FCLD lCgNL
H[VM OIh]Z";},YL 5-L R}IF K[ VG[ CF,DF\ DNLGF TIACDF\ :YFIL
K[ T[DGL ;FY[ D],FSFT Y.P T[DG[ ;FY[ ,.G[ HgGT], ASLVDF\
CFHZ YIMP +L B,LOF ChZT pQDFG UGL4 ALAL C,LDF4 ALAL
OFT[DF4 ChZT .DFD C;G4 C]h}Z
GL 5FS ALJLVM TYF VgI
;CFALVM TYF ;CFlAIFT
GF D] A FZS
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
320
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
321
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
ChZT BNLHT], S]A|F
GF ZMhF D]AFZSG[ J[ZFG SZL NLWMP
;]<TFG], CN ChZT bJF VHD[ZL
GF 5LZM D]lX"N ChZT
bJF pQDFG CF~GL
GM DhFZ D]AFZS H[ D:HN[
lHGGL GS CTM T[GF p5Z 5FSL ;0S AGFJL SF-LP
D:HN[ XHZF IF\ C]h}Z
GF ;FRF GAL CMJFGL hF0[
UJFCL VF5L CTL4 T[GF lJX[ V[S J' VZAG[ 5}KI]\ S[ D:HN[ XHZ
IF\ K[ m T[6[ V[S HUF 5|lT .XFZM SZTF\ S]\4 VF :Y/[ CTL T[G[
TM0L 5F0JFDF\ VFJLP VD[ S]\4 X]\ VF UJG"D[g8 D:HNM TM0[ K[ m
TM T[ DG[ GLR[YL p5Z ;]WL [TM RF<IM UIM VG[ SM. HJFA G
VF%IMP
5KL UFZ[ F{Z VG[ UFZ[ lCZFGL lhIFZT DF8[ CFHZ YIM TM T[
D]AFZS 5CF0MGL D:HNM 56 TM0L G\BFI[,L [JF D/L TM VlWS
lJX[ ZLT[ ISLG Y. UI] \ S[ A[ X S JCFAL S[ J / GFD DF+GF
D];,DFG K[ S[D S[ D:HN :5 G; sS]VF"GL N,L,fYL V<,FC
TVF,FGL K[ H[D S[ ;}ZV[ lHG 5FZF Z)DF\ K[ o
ccA[XS D:HNM V<,FCGL K[Pcc H[YL D:HNMG[ 5F0L GFBJL V[
SFlOZMG]\ H SFD K[4 GC S[ D];,DFGMG]\P
ChZT ;{ I N VCDN .aG[ NC,FG DL XFO.
sJOFT o lCP;P !#_$f ,B[ K[ S[ JCFALVMV[ D:HNMG[ TM0L 5F0L4
A] h ] U M" G L IFNUFZMG[ lD8FJL NLWL4 HgGT] , D] V <,FGF U] \ A NMG[
BMNLG[ O[\SL NLWF4 DF{,N]gGAL
VG[ DF{,]N[ ChZT VA}A TYF
DF{,]N[ ChZT V,L
GF 3]dD8MG[ 56 56 TM0LG[ O[\SL NLWFP
D:HNM VG[ SAZMG[ TM0L 5F0TF\ JCFAL A0F. DFZTF CTF4 -M,
JUF0LG[ ULTM UFTF CTF VG[ SA|JF/FG[ B}A H UF/M VF5TF CTF4
V[8,[ ;]WL S[ VD]S ,MSMV[ ChZT DCH}AGL SA| 5Z 5[XFA 56 SIM"P
ChZTGF D}/ XaNM VF 5|DF6[ K[ ov
322
YSL K[Pf
323
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VFBZ4 lCP;P !$__4 $ DFR"4 .P;P !)(_f sCJ[ 5KLG]\ ,BF6 5|SFXS
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VC,[ ;]gGTGF DCFG p,DFGL lSTFAM 5a,X SZL ZF K[ TYF
VgI NLGL lD<,L 5| J ' l VMDF\ jI:T K[ P s#f ChZT DF{ , FGF
D] O TL VAZFZ VCDN ;FCA VMhFU\H BFT[ DS"hL TlA"ITL .OTF
;\EF/L ZF K[P s$f DF{,FGF VhCFZ VCDN ;FCA CF, D]AFZS5]Z
lDVF VxZlOIFYL OZFUT 5FdIF K[P VF5G[ A[ ;FCAhFNLVM
CTL H[DGL XFNL 56 VF5[ VFl,DM ;FY[ H SZL K[4 H[ NXF"J[ K[ S[
VF5G[ NLG TYF .<D[ NLGYL S[8,L DCMaAT TYF ,UFJ CTMP
DF{,F TVF,F T[GF %IFZF CALA
GF ;NSFDF\ VF OSLC[
V:Z
GL SA| 5Z ZCDTMGL AF{KFZ TFSIFDT
JZ;FJ[ VG[ V[DGF OIhFGYL ;]gGL VF,DG[ B}A OIhIFA ODF"J[4
T[ D GL VF{ , FNG[ A\ G [ HCFGDF\ B] X MB] Z " D ZFB[ P VFDLG
lAlCgGALSZLD
P
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
YFIP NLGGL lBNDTDF\ B],}; CMI VG[ .DFG 5Z BFtDM YFIP
VFDLG lAC]D"lT ;{IlN, D]Z;,LG ;,JFT]<,FlC TVF,F V,{lC
JV,{lCD VHD.GPvH,F,]LG VCDN VDHNL s!& ZALp,
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
VgJFZ], CNLQ
324