Rajasthan GK BY M. ISLAM.

xr fofHkUu fr;ksxh ijh{kkvksa esa iwNs x;s izuksa lfgr
jktLFkku lkekU; Kku foks"kkad fofo/k izu
chdkusj laHkkx ds ftys % chdkusj] Jh xaxkuxj] guqekux< o pq:
1- chdkusj ftyk
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e: f=dks.k ds vUrxZr vkrs gS --------------------------------------------------------------------- tks/kiqj] tSlyesj o chdkusjA

jkT; dk Hkwfexr gokbZ vM~Mk gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- uky &chdkusjA
jktLFkku dk jktdksV dgykrk gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- yw.kdj.kljA
[ktwj vuqla/kku dsUnz fLFkr gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- chdkusj esaA
,fk;k dh lcls cM+h u eaMh gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- chdkusjA
egkHkkjr dky esa tkaxy nsk ds uke ls tkuk tkrk Fkk ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- chdkusj] pq:] Jh xaxkuxj] o guqekux<+A
jktfouksn xzUFk dh jpuk fdlus dh ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Hk lnkfko usA
mLrdyk dgka dh fl) gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ chdkusjA
chdkusj ftys ls dkfkr gksus okyh i=&if=dk,a gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- tkxrh tksr] tue Hkkse ,oa jktLFkkuh xaxkA
,fk;k esa igyk dsUnzh; aV tuu dsUnz LFkkfir fd;k x;k gS ------------------------- tksgM+chM+] chdkusjA
U;wure tula[;k ?kuRo dh n`f"V ls jkT; esa chdkusj dk dkSulk LFkku gS ------------------------------ nwljkA
tkaHkksth dh riksLFkyh Fkh ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ uks[kk rglhy esa eqdke LFkkuA
pwgksa dh nsoh uke ls fl) dj.khekrk dk eafnj fLFkr gS ---------------------------------------------------------- nskuksdA
jktLFkku vfHkys[kkxkj o twukx<+ dk fdyk fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------- chdkusjA
tlukFkh lank; dk rhFkZLFky gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- drfj;kljA
aV dh [kky ij uDdkkh vkSj ehukdkjh dk dke dgykrk gS --------------------------------------------- mLrdykA
mLrdyk ds eq[k dykdkj ftUgsa 1986 esa iJh ls lEekfur fd;k x;k Fkk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ fgekeqhu mLrkA
vk/kqfud Hkkjr dk HkkxhjFk ftUgsa xaxugj ykus vkSj xaxkuxj ftyk clkus dk Js; tkrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- egkjktk xaxkflagA
xaxk fjlkyk D;k gS ---------------------------------------------- ,d aV lsuk ftls 1887 esa xaxkflag us LFkkfir dhA
jktLFkku esa iHkw"k.k 1956 ls lEEkkfur gksus okys Fke O;fDr gSa ------------------------------------- daoj lsuA
vtqZu iqjLdkj ls lEekfur gksus okys Fke O;fDr Fks ----------------- MkW- dj.kh flag1961] fukkusckt
jktLFkku f"k foofo|ky; dh LFkkiuk dc dh xbZ ------------------------------------------------------------------ 1987 esaA
loZ fgrdkjh.kh lHkk dh LFkkiuk chdkusj esa lu~ 1914 esa fdlus dh ---------------------------- xksikynkl usA
chdkusj foofo|ky; dh LFkkiuk dc dh xbZ -------------------------------------------------------------- 7 twu 2003 dksA
daojlsu fyV ugj dk lEcU/k fdl ftys ls gS --------------------------------------------------------------------- chdkusj lsA
mkj Hkkjr dh ,dek= fljsfed ;ksxkkyk fdl uke ls fodflr dh tk jgh gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fljsfed dkWEiysDlA
dj.kh laxzgky; fLFkr gS ----------------------------------------------------- chdkusj ds twukx<+ fdys ds xax fuokl esaA
d.kZ egy o ykyx<+ fLFkr gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- chdkusj esaA
chdkusj dk nqxZ&twukx<+ fdl Js.kh esa vkrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------ /kkUou nqxZA
By-Mohd Islam (9413893155)
~Page-1~
Amity University Rajasthan
30- iyk.kk gS ,d& ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- fyaXukbZV vk/kkfjr rki fo/kqr ifj;kstukA

31- tkEHksoj esyk dc Hkjrk gS -------------------------------------------------- o"kZ esa nks ckj& QkYxqu o vklkst ekg esaA
32- osfy".k :de.kh jh] Bkdqj th jk nwgk] xaxk th jk nwgk] rFkk xaxk ygjh vkfn xzaFk i`Fohjkt
jkBkSM+ }kjk jfpr fdl Hkk"kk esa gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fMaxyA
33- i`Fohjkt jkBkSM+ dks fMaxy dk gksjsl fdlus dgk ----------------------------- bVyh fuoklh MkW- VsfLlrksjh usA
34- tkaxy nsk dk lcls cM+k esyk ekuk tkrk gS ---------------------------------------------------------- dksyk;rh dk esykA
35- jktLFkku dh ekaM xkf;dh dh lcls fl) dykdkj dk uke gS ------------------------- vYyk ftykbZ ckbZA
36- jktLFkku dk jkT; xhr *dslfj;k ckye i/kkjks uh Egkjs nsk * ds fy, 1982 esa fdls iJh ls
uoktk x;k --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ekaM xk;dk&vYyk ftykbZ ckbZ dksA
37- futh {ks= dk igyk fyXukbV vk/kkfjr fctyh?kj gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------ jkusjhA
38- elukFkh lank; dh mRifk fdl jkT; esa gqbZ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- chdkusj esaA
39- jktLFkku [kku ,oa [kfut fodkl fuxe dh ftIle dh lcls cM+h [kku fLFkr gS -------- foljkljA
40- lka[; nkZu ds .ksrk dfiy eqfu dk rhFkZ LFky gS -------------------------------------------------------------Jh dksyk;r A
41- dfiy eqfu dk eyk dc Hkjrk gS ----------------------------------------- dkfrZd ekg ds 'kqDy i{k dh iwf.kZek dksA
42- dj.kh ekrk dk esyk dc Hkjrk gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- o"kZ esa nks ckjA
1 pS= ekl ds 'kqDy i{k dh frink ls pS=kqDy dh nkeh ekpZ&vSy
2 vkfou ekl ds 'kqDy i{k dh frink ls nkeh rdAflrEcj&vDVwcj
2- guqekux<+ ftyk
1- yksd nsork xksxkth dk
lekf/k LFky gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- xksxkesM+h
2- jkT; esa flU/kq?kkVh lH;rk ds voks"k feys gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- dkyhcaxkA
3- HkVusj dk fdyk fLFkr gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- guqekux<+ esaA
4- HkVusj nqxZ dk fuekZ.k fdlus djok;k Fkk ------------------------------------------------------- HkkVh jktk Hkwir tSlyesj
5- guqekux< ftys dk jkT; esa dikl mRiknu dh n`f"V ls LFkku gS ----------------------------------------------- nwljkA
6- jkT; esa mRiknu dh n`f"V ls lokZf/kd pkoy iSnk gksrk gS ------------------------------------- guqekux< ftys easA
7- jktLFkku dh kphu dkyhcaxk dh lH;rk dkSulh unh ds fdukjs fodflr gq, ---------------------- ?kX?kjA
8- xksxkth dk fl) eafnj xksxkth dh esM+h gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------- guqekux< esaA
9- xksoRl ifjikyu dsUnz LFkkfir fd;k x;k gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- uksgj esa
10- HksM+ tuu ,oa vuqla/kku dsUnz fLFkr gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- guqekux< easA
11- xksxkesM+h i'kqesyk vk;ksftr gksrk gS ------------------------------------ Jko.k 'kqDy&15 ls Hkknzin ".k&15 rdA
12- jktLFkku ds fdl ftys esa Hkk[kM+k ukaxy cka/k ls lokZf/kd flapkbZ gksrh gS ----------------- guqekux<+ esaA
13- HkVusj dk nqxZ fdl Js.kh dk nqxZ gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /kkUou nqxZA
~Page-2~
3- pw: ftyk
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jkT; dk lokZf/kd xeZ ftyk gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- pq: 48 rkieku

jktLFkku ds ,sls ftysa tgk dksbZ unha ugha cgrh gS ----------------------------------------------------------- pq:] chdkusjA
jkT; esa lcls de ou {ks=Qy gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- pq:0-48 fr-
jkT; dk igyk efgyk lgdkjh fefu cSad fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------ lkyklj
nsk ds ,dek= nk<+h ewaN okys guqekuth dk eafnj fLFkr gS ----------------------------------------------------- lkykljA
chdkusj fj;klr esa vktknh dsfy, lcls igyk fonzksg dgka ls 'kq: gqvk --------------- nw/kok[kkjk&pq:A
yksdnsork xksxkth dh tUeLFkyh gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ nnjsok&pq:A
fl[kksa dk lcls cM+k esyk Hkjrk gS ----------------------------------- dkfrZd ekl dh iwf.kZek dks lkgok pq: esaA
gjcwth jks dksV uke ls tkuk tkrk gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- lqtkux<+ dLckA
if.Mr Hkjr O;kl dk tUe dc gqvk ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 tuojh 1918 pq:
lqj lezkKh yrk eaxskdj dk xq: fdls ekuk tkrk gS --------------------------------------------------- [ksepUn dkkA
ia Hkjr O;kl dk fy[kk og xhr ftls fofHkUu fk{k.k laLFkkvksa esa kFkZuk ds :i esa xk;k tkrk gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ,s ekfyd rsjs cUnsa genks vk[ksa ckjg gkFk
dFkd u`R; dh tUeLFkyh ekuk tkrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lqtkux<+ dksA
dFkd u`R; dk vkfne ?kjkuk dkSulk gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- t;iqjA
*jaxhyk jktLFkku* fQYe dk funsZku fdlus fd;k ---------------------------------------------------------------- ia Hkjr O;klA
i[kkot ds tknwxj fdls dgk tkrk gS ----------------------------------------------------------------- Hkokuh 'kadj dFkd dksA
lqukrh ygjksa dh iwoZ lwpuk nsus okys ;a= dk vkfo"dkj fdlus fd;k ----------- iou dqekj ekof.k;kaA
LVhy fdax ds uke ls fo[;kr Hkkjr ds oklh m|ksxifr dgka ds ewy fuoklh gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- lwtkux<+&pq:A
ykMuwa dk lkdk vkSj pwujh fl) gS ] ;g LFkku dgka gS ----------------------------------- lqtkux<+ & pq: esaA
Fke egkohj p fotsrk 1948 duZy fdkuflag jkBkSM+ fuoklh Fks --------------------------------------- pq: dsA
dgk tkrk gS fd ikaMoks ds xq: nzks.kkpk;Z us xksikyiqj nzks.kiqj xko clk;k Fkk] lg fdl ftys esa
iM+rk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ pq:] lqtkux<+ ls 9 fdeh- nwjA
ikfdLrku dh fl) yksduk;dk dk tUe dgka gqvk ------------------------------------- lu~ 1947 esa chdkusj esaA
ukgVk gosyh fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ljnkjkgjA
pUnu dh efy;kfxjh ydM+h ij [kqnkbZ dk;Z gsrw dkSulk ftyk fl) gS ------------------------------------ pq:A
~Page-3~
4- Jh xaxkuxj ftyk
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jktLFkku dk vUu Hk.Mkj dgykrk gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Jh xaxkuxj ftykA

dikl mRiknu esa jktLFkku dk nsk esa LFkku gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- lkrokaA
jkT; esa lokZf/kd xsgw dgka iSnk gksrh gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- xaxkuxj esaA
jkT; esa vesfjdu dikl dk lokZf/kd mRiknu gksrk gS --------------------------------------------------------- xaxkuxj esaA
jktLFkku esa lokZf/kd Qyksa ekYVk o vaxqj dk mRiknu gksrk gS ------------------------------------- xaxkuxj esaA
jkT; esa lokZf/kd fl[k vkcknh okyk ftyk gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- xaxkuxjA
,fk;k dk lcls cM+k f"k QkeZ tks 12]140 gSDVs;j {ks= esa 15 vxLr 1956 dks LFkkfir fd;k x;k
Fkk ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- lwjrx<+ f"k QkeZA
jktLFkku esa ikfdLrku ls yxrh varjjk"Vh; lhek jsM fDyQ dk kjfEHkd fcUnq gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fgUnqey dksV& Jh xaxkuxj esa A
Jh xaxkuxj esa jkT; dk dkSulk 'kq"d canjxkg LFkkfir fd;k x;k gS ----------------------------------------- NBkA
jaxegy gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Jh xaxkuxj esa A
jkT; dk igyk lqij ikoj FkeZy LVsku gS ------------------------------------------------------ lwjrx<+ rki fctyh?kjA
;kaf=d f"k QkeZ fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ tSrlj esaA
?kM+lkuk vkUnksyu 24 vDVw- 2004 esa iqfyl }kjk dh xbZ Qk;fjax dh tkp ds fy, dkSulk
vk;ksx xfBr fd;k x;k --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vjfoan dstM+hoky vk;ksxA
fo[;kr xty xk;d txthr flag dks 2003 esa iHkw"k.k ls uoktk ]budk tUe dgka gqvk ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Jh xaxkuxj esa 8 Qjojh 1941 dksA
jktLFkku dk lcls cM+k fl[kksa dk xq:}kjk] ftldk fuek.kZ lar Qrgflag us djok;k ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- xq:}kjk cqM~<k+ tksgM+A
Hkkjr ds loJs"B tknwxj lezkV dk tUe dc o dgka gqvk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 flrEcj 1950 dks dj.kiqj& Jh xaxkuxj esa A
~Page-4~
t;iqj laHkkx ds ftys % t;iqj] lhdj] >qa>quw ] nkSlk] vyojA
5- t;iqj ftyk
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jktLFkku jkT; dh jkt/kkuh gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- t;iqjA

Hkkjr dk isfjl dgykrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ t;iqj
t;x<+ vkSj vkesj egy fLFkr gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vkesj t;iqjA
teokjkex<+ ck/k fLFkr gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- t;iqj ls 26 fdehnwj iwoZ esaA
jkT; dk lcls cM+k eNyh mRiknd tykk; gS -------------------------------------------------------------------- dkuksrk ck/kA
ukgjx<+ vH;kj.; fLFkr gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- t;iqj 50oxZ fdeh-
tula[;k ?kuRo dh n`f"V ls t;iqj ftyk fdl LFkku ij gS ------------------------------------------------------------ Fke
taula[;k ds vk/kkj ij jkT; dk lcls cM+k ftyk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------ t;iqj
xqykch uxj ds uke ls fo[;kr uxj gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- t;iqj
[kks gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- jkT; dh vkBoha lcls aph pksVh 920 ehVj
jktLFkku jkT; iFk ifjogu fuxe dh LFkkiuk dc gqbZ --------------------- 1 vDVwcj 1964 dks t;iqj esaA
nsk dk 15 ok vUrjkZ"Vh; gokbZ vM~Mk dkSulk gS --------------------------------------------------------- lkaxkusj ,;jiksVZA
t;iqj dh [kklk dksBh dks gsfjVst gksVy dc ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k -------------------------------------- o"kZ 2000 esaA
gkFkh xko dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ vkesj ds dq.Mk xzke esaA
tSe flVh gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- t;iqj jRu O;olk; ,oa tokgjkr fuekZ.k esa
ihry dh uDdkkh] ehukdkjh ds fy, fl) LFkku gS ------------------------------------------------------------------ t;iqjA
laxejej dh ewfrZ;k dgka cukbZ tkrh gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- t;iqj esaA
panu dh ydM+h ds f[kykSus vkSj Cyw ikWVjh ds fy, fl) 'kgj gS -------------------------------------------- t;iqjA
yk[k ,oa gkFkhnkar dk dk;Z dgka fd;k tkrk gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- t;iqj esaA
foo dk lcls cM+k pknh dk ik= dgka j[kk gqvk gS ----------------------------------------------- flVh iSysl t;iqj
eqckjd egy dgka gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ t;iqj esaA
ekS;Z lH;rk ds ek.k fdl LFkku ij miyC/k gS ------------------------------------------------------------------ cSjkB&t;iqjA
jktLFkku dk dkSulk 'kgj csy&cwVksa dh NikbZ dh ikjEifjd dyk ds fy, tkuk tkrk gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- cx:A
t;iqj dk fl) Lekjd ftldh f}rh; 'krkCnh 1999 esa eukbZ xbZ -------------------------------------- gokegyA
jkT; esa lokZf/kd fo/kkulHkk lhVsa 15 dgka gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- t;iqjA
Cyw ikWVjh ds fy, fl) O;fDr gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ikyflagA
'khk egy ,oa lqYrku egy fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- lkekSan]pkSewA
johUnz eap dk mn~?kkVu dc gqvk --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15 vxLr 1963 dksA
cx: f.V D;k gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- diM+s dh NikbZA
,fk;k dh lcls cM+h rksi *t;ck.k* dgka fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------- t;x<+ nqxZ esaA
~Page-5~
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t;iqj dh LFkkiuk dc dh xbZ -------------------------------- 18 uoEcj 1727 dks lokbZ t;flag f}rh; }kjk
t;iqj uxj ds okLrqdkj Fks ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Jh fo/kk/kjA
<+w<kM+ t;iqj jkT; dh jkt/kkuh Fkh ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ vkesjA
oS/kkkyk dgka fLFkr gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- tUrj&eUrj esaA
ty egy dk fuekZ.k fdlus djok;k -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- lokbZ t;flag usA
vfookfgr dU;kvksa }kjk lq;ksX; oj dh kfIr gsrw fdldh iwtk dh tkrh gS -------------- x.kxkSj iwtuA
xSVksaj dh Nrfj;ka dgka gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ukgjx< fdys ds uhpsA
x.kxkSj egksRlo euk;k tkrk gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- gksyh ds 15 fnu ckn pS= ekl ds ".k i{k dh frink ls 'kqDy i{k dh r`rh;k rdA
gokegy dk fuekZ.k fdlus djok;k ---------------------------------------------------------- lokbZ rkiflag us 1799 bZ esa
ck.kxaxk esyk Hkjrk gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- cSkk[k ekg dh iwf.kZek dks% vSy&ebZ t;iqj ds cSjkB dLcs ls 11 fdehnwj
xkyo _f"k dh riksLFkyh jgh gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ xyrk thA
vYcVZ gkWy fLFkr gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- jkefuokl ckx esaA
jk"Vh; vk;qosZn laLFkku fLFkr gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- t;iqj esaA
jkT; xkS lsok vk;ksx dh LFkkiuk dc dh xbZ ------------------------------------------------------------- 23 ekpZ 1995 dksA
iksFkh[kkuk D;k gS -------------------------------- t;iqj jkt?kjkus dk futh iqLrdky; ,d afp=dyk laxzgky;A
jk"Vh; [ksy fk{k.k laLFkku fLFkr gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- t;iqj esaA
t;iqj dFkd dsUnz dh LFkkiuk dc dh xbZ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1978 esaA
jktLFkku dks&vkWijsfVo Ms;jh QSMjsku }kjk Hkkjr dk lcls cMk nqX/k iSfdax LVsku dgka LFkkfir
fd;k tk jgk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ dksViwryhA
byk&v:.kk gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- jktLFkkuh yksd xhrksa dh ekgqj xkf;dkA
nsk dk igyk ikojywe VsDlVkbZy ikdZ dgka LFkkfir fd;k x;k gS --------------------------- flyksjk t;iqj
teokjkex<+ vH;kj.; dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ Fkh -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1982 esaA
gljr t;iqjh gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- lqfl) fQYe xhrdkjA
jkT; dk igyk ft;ksykWthdy ikdZ dgka LFkkfir fd;k x;k gS ------------------------- >kykuk {ks=&t;iqjA
enjlk gqujh ds uke ls fl) laLFkku ftldk 1886 esa uke cnydj j[kk x;k --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- jktLFkku Ldwy vkWQ vkVZ~l ,.M kVA
lqjHkh feJk LdoSk f[kykM+h dk lacU/k fdl LFkku ls gS ----------------------------------------------------------- t;iqj lsA
jkT; dk Fke tSfod m|ku LFkkfir fd;k x;k gS --------------------------------------------------------- ukgjx<+ {ks= esaA
lkaxkusj fl) gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- jaxkbZ&NikbZ vkSj dkxt fuekZ.k dsfy,A
jkT; esa x/kksa dk ,dek= esyk dgka vk;skftr fd;k tkrk gS ------------------------------------------- ywf.k;kokl esaA
,fk;k dh lcls cM+h lCth e.Mh dgka cukbZ tk jgh gS ----------------------------------- VfeZuy ekdsZV eqgkukA
jkT; dh [kkjs ikuh dh lcls cM+h >hy dkSulh gS ------------------------------------------------------------------ lkaHkj >hyA
,fk;k ds igys oMZ VsM ikdZ dk fkykU;kl t;iqj esa dc fd;k x;k ----------------- 30 twu 2005 dksA
,fk;k dh lcls cM+h Lo.kZ Vdlky fLFkr gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- t;iqj esaA
Fky lsuk dh NBh deku nf{k.kh&ifpeh deku dk eq[;ky; dgka LFkkfir fd;k x;k gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- t;iqj esaA
jkT; esa lokZf/kd tula[;k] tu?kuRo rFkk lk{kjrk okyk laHkkx gS ------------------------------ t;iqj laHkkxA
jkT; dk Fke LVkWd ,DlpsUt 1989 esa dgka LFkkfir fd;k x;k ------------------------------------------ t;iqj esaA
~Page-6~
6- lhdj ftyk
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jktLFkku dk igyk gkbZ Vsd o vkWu ykbZu ftyk gksus dk xkSjo fdls kIr gS -------lhdj ftys dksA
jktLFkku dk Fke f"k foKku dsUnz LFkkfir fd;k x;k gS --------------------------------------------------- Qrsgiqj esaA
nsk dk lcls cM+k cdjh ikyu QkeZ fLFkr gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- cys[k.kA
jkT; dk igyk Qy m|ku fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ljxksB esaA
mkjh vjkoyh dh lcls aph pksVh dkSulh gS -------------------------------------- lsj j?kqukFkx< esa] 1055 ehVj
'ks[kkokVh dh n;LFkyh dgykrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lhdj ftykA
jktLFkku esa gSax XykbfMaax dgka yksdf; gks jgh gS ------------------------------------------------------------------ g"kZ lhdj
jktLFkku esa poyka lcls vf/kd dgka mRikfnr gksrk gS --------------------------------------------------- lhdj ftys esaA
Mwxth o tokjth cBksB&iVksnk ds jgus okys dPNokgk oakh; jktiwr Fks] ;g LFkku fdl ftys esa
fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lhdjA
jktLFkku esa 24 vDVwcj 1995 dks iw.kZ lw;Zxzg.k dk vn~Hkwr [kxksfy, utkjk ns[kus gsrw fonskksa ls
oSKkfud fdl LFkku ij ,df=r gq, -------------------------------------------------------------------------- uhe dk Fkkuk&lhdjA
g"kZ ioZr dgka gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- lhdj ftys esa 3110 QhV apkbZ
Mwxth o tokjth fl) gS --------------------------------------------------------------------- vaxzstksa ds f[kykQ la?k"kZ ds fy,A
x.ksoj dk Vhyk tgk ls rkez;qxhu voks"k kIr gq, gS] dgka fLFkr gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- dkVyh unh ds mn~xe LFky ij uhedkFkkuk ds iklA
jktLFkku dk igyk vkSj Hkkjr dk pkSFkk lIr xkSekrk eafnj fLFkr gS ------------------ jSoklk xzke&lhdjA
ikyflag 'ks[kkor dk lEcU/k fdl ftys ls gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- lhdj lsA
HkSjksaflsg 'ks[kkor dgka ds jgus okys Fks ------------------------------------------------------------------------- [kkpfj;kokl lhdj
ldjk; ekrk dk eafnj dkSuls ftys esa fLFkr gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ldjkbZ&lhdj ldjkbZ nsoh dk nwljk uke 'kkdaHkjh gS
'kkdaHkjh ekrk dk esyk dc Hkjrk gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- pS= o vkfou esaA
nkoha lnh dk fkoky; fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- g"kZ fxfj& lhdj
th.k ekrk dk eafnj dgka gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- jSoklkA
lhdj ftys ds fdl LFkku ij 21 fdeh- yEch rkacs dh iV~Vh [kksth xbZ gS ---------cuokyk dh <k.khA
vEczsyk kstsDV lEcfU/kr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ty ls lEcfU/kr A
xksVk m|ksx dgka dk fl) gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ [k.Msyk&lhdjA
[kkVw ';keth dk eafnj fLFkr gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [kkVw&lhdjA
;wjsfu;e o Lo.kZ Hk.Mkj dk irk lhdj ftys esa dgka yxk gS --------------------- ikVu {ks=& uhedkFkkukA
iqjkrRo foHkkx dks pknh ds 2744 iapekdZ flDds fdl LFkku ij kIr gq, gS --------------------------- xqjkjkA
hreiqjh >hy dgka gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- lhdj esa dkoaV ls 5 fdeh- nwjA
lhdj ftys dk dkSulk fo/kkulHkk {ks= >qa>qauw yksdlHkk esa gS ----------------------------------------------------- QrsgiqjA
t;iqj ftys dk dkSulk fo/kkulHkk {ks= lhdj yksdlHkk esa gS ---------------------------------------------------------- pkSewaA
~Page-7~
7- >qa>qauw ftyk
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jkT; esa rkez uxjh ds uke ls fo[;kr uxj gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [ksrM+hA

jkT; esa lokZf/kd iq:"k lk{kjrk okyk ftyk gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- >qa>qauwA
[ksrM+h egy fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- >qa>qauw esaA
jkT; esa fdl LFkku ij 30 gtkj Vu {kerk dk rkck xykus dk la;a= yxk;k gS ------------ [ksrM+h esaA
jke.k feku dk eB rFkk Hkksikyx<+ nqxZ fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------ [ksrM+h esaA
fkdkxks /keZ lEesyu esa Hkkjr dk frfuf/kRo djus ls iwoZ jkT; ds fdl uxj esa Lokeh foosdkuUn
vk;s Fks----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [ksrM+h esaA
'ksjkkg lwjh dk lEcU/k fdl LFkku ls Fkk ---------------------------------------------------------------- fkeyk xko& [ksrM+hA
ia- eksrhyky usg: dh kjfEHkd fk{kk dgka gqbZ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- [ksrM+h esaA
dsUnzh; bysDVksfudh vfHk;kaf=dh vuqla/kku laLFkku lhjh fLFkr gS -------------------------------------- fiykuh esaA
ekth lkfgck dk dqvk fdls dgrs gS ------------------------------------------ egulj nqxZ esa fLFkr dksBh dqvk dks
yfM+;ksa dh gosyh rFkk xks;udk gosyh dgka gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- e.Mkok esaA
dkfp;kx<+ fLFkr gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- uoyx<+ esaA
>qa>qauw ftys esa fgUnqvksa dk eq[k rhFkZLFky gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- yksgkxyZ A
jktLFkku fo/kkulHkk ds Fke v/;{k ujkskeyky tkskh dgka ds fuoklh Fks ------------------------- >qa>qauw dsA
100 fdyksokV {kerk dk lkSj tkZ midj.k dgka LFkkfir fd;k x;k gS - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- xksjhj xzke &>qa>qauwA
jkT; dk Fke ,oa nsk dk ikapoka xnZHk vH;kj.; x/kksa dk dgka LFkkfir gS ------------------ MawMyksn esaA
gksgksck jrutksr dh [ksrh jkT; esa lokZf/kd {ks= esa dh tkrh gS --------------------------------------------------- >qa>qauw
esaA
eguljx< fLFkr gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- egulj &>qa>qauw esaA
xty xk;dh esgUnh glu dk lEcU/k fdl LFkku ls gS ------------------------------------------------------------- >qa>qauw lsA
jktLFkku esa i=dkfjrk dk firkeg ekuk tkrk gS -------------------------------------------------- ia- >kcjey 'kekZ dksA
~Page-8~
8- nkSlk ftyk
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ek/kkslkxj ck/k fLFkr gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- nkSlk ftys esaA

Lo- Jh jktsk ik;yV dk lalnh; {ks= dkSulk Fkk ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- nkSlkA
nkSlk ftys dk {ks=Qy fdruk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3432 oxZ fdeh-A
jktLFkku esa lokZf/kd fl) gsyk [;ky naxy ukV~; dgka dk gS ------------------------------- ykylksV&nkSlkA
esgUnhiqj ckykth dk eafnj fdl ftys esa fLFkr gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- nkSlkA
g"kZr ekrk dk eafnj fLFkr gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vkHkkusjh esaA
jktLFkku dk ,dek= ftyk ftlesa [kknh xzkeks/kksx {ks= esa foks"k jkstxkj ;kstuk ds fy, p;u
fd;k x;k gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- nkSlkA
vHks| fdyk dgka gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- nkSlk esaA
ejkBksa dks jktLFkku ls Hkxkus ds fy, rkiflag ds usr`Ro esa jktiwr jktk 27 tqykbZ 1787 bZ- esa
t;iqj esa rqaxk uked LFkku ij ,df=r gq,] tks dh tkuk tkrk gS ------------------------------ rqaxk lEesyuA
vkHkkusjh dh pkn ckoM+h fLFkr gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- nkSlkA
nkSlk ftys dk xBu dc fd;k x;k ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 vSy 1991 dksA
lokbzZek/kksiqj ftys dh egqvk eglhy dks nkSlk esa dc 'kkfey fd;k x;k ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15 vxLr 1992 dksA
nkSlk dks t;iqj ftys ls ikp rglhyks ;Fkk & nkSlk ]fldjk;] clok] cknhdqbZ ,oa ykylksV dks
feykdj xfBr fd;k x;kA
jktLFkku ds igys fuokZfpr eq[;ea=h Vhdkjke ikyhoky dgka ds fuoklh Fks ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- e.Mkoj xko&egqvk eglhy] nkSlkA
jkT; esa lokZf/kd tula[;k ?kuRo dh n`f"V ls nkSlk dk LFkku gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- rhljk 384 O;fDr fr oxZ fdeh-
<w<kM+ jkT; dh Fke jkt/kkuh Fkh ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ nkSlkA
iwoZ esa yksdlHkk lnL; jg pqds uoy fdkksj 'kekZ dk tUe dc gqvk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 tqykbZ 1925 dksA
~Page-9~
9- vyoj ftyk
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jktLFkku dk flag}kj ds uke ls fl) uxj gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vyojA

vYykmhu vkyekkg dk edcjk] pUnzHkqth dk eafnj fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------ frtkjkA
jkT; dh igyh I;kt e.Mh dgka LFkkfir dh xbZ gS ------------------------------------------------------------------- vyoj esaA
Hkkjr dk Fke ty foofo/kky; dgka LFkkfir fd;k x;k gS -------------------------------------------------- vyoj esaA
jktLFkku esa iapk;r lfefr;ksa dh lokZf/kd la[;k dgka gS ------------------------------------- vyoj ftys eas14
rky o`{k fdl vH;kj.; esa ik, tkrs gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- lfjLdk A
jktLFkku dk dkSulk 'kgj jk"Vh; jkt/kkuh {ks= dk vax gS -------------------------------------------------------- vyojA
rEckdw lokZf/kd {ks= esa dgka cksbZ tkrh gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vyoj esaA
jkT; ds fdl ftys esa ckS)ksa dh lokZf/kd vkcknh fuokl djrh gS ---------------------- vyoj 0-14 fr-
tula[;k ?kuRo ds fglkc ls jktLFkku esa vyoj dk dkSulk LFkku gS -------------------------------------- pkSFkkA
jktLFkku dk LdkWVyS.M dgk tkrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vyoj ftys dksA
esokrh cksyh fdl ftys esa cksyh tkrh gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vyoj esaA
iwohZ jktLFkku dk dehj dgk tkrk gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vyojA
vyoj jkT; dh LFkkiuk jkojktk rkiflag us dc dh ------------------------------------------------------- lu~ 1970 esaA
jktLFkku esa lkseukFk eafnj tks LFkkiR; dyk dk mR"V uewuk gS] dgka fLFkr gS ---------- Hkkux<+ esaA
ekWMy ftyk ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vyoj ftys dksA
HkrZ`gfj dh riksLFkyh ,oa duQVs ukFkksa dk fl) LFky gS ------------------------------------------ HkrZ`gfj& vyojA
jkT; esa eso tkfr ikbZ tkrh gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vyoj esaA
*jkB {ks=* fLFkr gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vyoj esaA
ViwdM+k D;k gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- nsk dk Fke ,dhr vkS/kksfxd ikdZA
lkSjHk 'ks[kkor dk lEcU/k fdl ftys ls gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ vyoj lsA
tksgM+s okyk ckck o okVj eSu vkWQ nf.M;k ds uke ls tkrk gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- jktsUnzflag jeu eSXlsls iqjLdkj fotsrkA
r:.k Hkkjr la?k dh LFkkiuk fdlus dh & ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- jktsUnzflag usA
jktLFkku ds fdl ftys esa ekfpl m|ksx ds lokZf/kd dkj[kkus fLFkr gS --------------------------- vyoj esaA
vkWVkseksckbZy dkWEiysDl vkS/kksfxd ikdZ fLFkr gS -------------------------------------------------------- fHkokM+h& vyoj esaA
dkxth dyk D;k gS ------------------------------------------------------------------ cgqr irys ijr ds crZu cukus dh dykA
ik.Mqiksy fLFkr gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vyoj esaA
flyhls<+ >hy esa 'khykjkuh ds egy dk fuekZ.k fdlus djok;k --------------------------------------- fou;flag usA
ewlh egkjkuh dh Nrjh dgka gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vyoj nqxZ ds iklA
uksVksa dh L;kgh cukus dk dkj[kkuk fLFkr gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fHkokM+h esaA
eRL; mRlo vk;ksftr fd;k tkrk gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vyoj esaA
~Page-10~
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gjs dcwrjksa ds fy, fl) vH;kj.; gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- lfjLdkA

vyoj dk nqxZ ckyk fdyk fLFkr gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vyoj esaA
dqrqc[kkuk iqLrdkkyk dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1894 esaA
dkadM+okMh fdyk fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ jktx<+&vyojA
~Page-11~
tks/kiqj laHkkx ds ftys %& tks/kiqj] ikyh] tkykSj] fljksgh] ckMesj] tSlyesj
10- tks/kiqj ftyk

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lw;Z uxjh]Fkkj e:LFky dk osk }kj dgykrk gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- tks/kiqjA

jkT; dk lcls 'kq"d LFkku ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ QykSnh tks/kiqj
nsk dh Fke lkSj tkZ ifj;kstuk LFkkfir dh xbZ gS -------------------------------------------------- vksfla;k tks/kiqj
ekfN;k lQkjh ikdZ o ve`rk nsoh ".k ikdZ fLFkr gS -------------------------------------------------------------------- tks/kiqj
fifp;kd cka/k] Qrsglkxj] xqykc lkxj] dk;ykuk >hy] mEesn lkxj fLFkr gS -----------------------tks/kiqj
tks/kiqj dh LFkkiuk dc o fdlus dh -------------------------------------------- jkBkSM+ ljnkj jko tks/kk usa 1459 esaA
{ks=Qy dh n`f"V ls jktLFkku dk lcls cM+k lHkkx gS ------------------------------------------------------------------- tks/kiqj
jktLFkku dk xkSjo fdls dgk tkrk gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [kstM+h dksA
foo dk ,dek= o`{k esyk dgka yxrk gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------- [kstM+yh&tks/kiqjA
foo dk lcls cM+k fjgk;kh egy gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------- fNrj egy&tks/kiqj
jkT; dk igyk gsfjVst gksVy gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vthr Hkou&tks/kiqjA
jkT; dk Fke ljdkjh Mkd?kj dc o dgka LFkkfir fd;k x;k ----------------------------- 1839 esa tks/kiqj esa
jk"Vh; Lrj ij fdls jk"Vh; ikskkd dk ntkZ kIr gS -------------------------------------------------------- tks/kiqjh dksVA
yEch nwjh rd ekj djus okyh rksisa & 'kEHkwck.k]fdyfdyk] vkSj xtuh [kka rksi dgka gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- esgjkux<+ fdyk&tks/kiqj
tks/kiqj ls dkfkr jktLFkkuh Hkk"kk dh if=dk gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ek.kdA
xksjksa o dkyksa dk ;q) dc ]dgka o fduds e/; gqvk ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1857 esa fcFkksM+k o psykokl LFkku ij ] vaxzsth lsuk o Bkdqj dqkkyflag paikor ds e/;A
yksd nsork y{ke.k th dk vorkj dk lEcU/k fdl LFkku ls gS ----- dksyw xko&QykSnh] tks/kiqj
,d kfrd ty ikr vj.kk&>juk ds uke ls fl) gS ]og dgka gS --------------------------- tks/kiqj esaA
lkSj tkZ mie {ks= lEcfU/kr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------- tks/kiqj]] ckMesj] tSlyesjA
uS.klh jh [;kr] ekjokM+ jk ijxuk jh foxr fr ds jpf;rk ftUgs jktiwrkus dk vcqy Qty o
jktLFkku dk xtsfV;j Hkh dgk tkrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- eqg.kkSr uS.klhA
ekjokM+ dk rki miuke ls fl) jkopUnzlsu dk lEcU/k fdl ftys ls gS ---------------------tks/kiqj lsA
jktLFkkuh Hkk"kk dk 'kCndksk cukus okys og O;fDr ftUgs iJh ls rFkk Mh-fyV- mikf/k ls uoktk
x;k ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MkW- lhrkjke ykylA
jktLFkku esa lokZf/kd bekjrh iRFkjksa dk mRiknu gksrk gS ------------------------------------------------------- tks/kiqj esaA
MkW- lhrkjke ykyl ftUgsa ,UlkbDyksihfM;k vkWQ fczVsfudk us jktLFkkuh tqcku dh ekky dgdj
lEcksf/kr fd;k x;k dgka ds fuoklh Fks ------------------------------------------------------------------------ usjok xko&tks/kiqjA
mkjh Hkkjr dk igyk jko.k eafnj gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- tks/kiqj esaA
MkW- lhrkjke ykyl dk tUe dgka gqvk -------------------------------------- fljoM+h xzke&ckMesj ( e`R;q&tks/kiqjA
~Page-12~
27- jktLFkkuh dyk ,oa laLfr dk laxe LFky gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ tks/kiqj A

28- fcTth ds uke ls ekgwj O;fDr fot;nku nsFkk ftudh fr& *ckrka jh qQqyokjh* xzUFk esa yksd
dFkkvksa dk laxzg fd;k A budk tUe dc o dgka gqvk ------------------- 1926 esa cks:ank xko &tks/kiqj A
29- fot;knku nsFkk dks iJh ls uoktk x;k ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ o"kZ 2007 esaA
30- tks/kiqj ftys ds cks:ank dLcs esa yksd laLfr dks lefiZr :ik;ku laLFkku dh LFkkiuk djus okys
O;fDr ftUgsa iJh 1983 rFkk iHkw"k.k 2004 ls lEekfur fd;k x;k ------------------ dksey dksBkjhA
31- lqfl) i;kZoj.kfon~ ftUgsa Vkbxj eSu ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- dSykl lka[kyk tUe 30 tuojh 1925
32- lqfl) ekaM xkf;dk xojh nsoh fdldh iq=h Fkh ---------------------------------------------------------- xk;d cakhykyA
33- fQYe utjkuk ds uk;d efgiky dk tUe dc o dgka gqvk ------------------------------- lu~ 1919 esa tks/kiqj
34- jktLFkkuh fQYe & uojax]ikjlef.k]lEiw.kZ jkek;.k] d.k&d.k esa Hkxoku] Jhjke Hkjr&feyki] lrh
lkfo=h] ckyd /kzo o xksiky ".k 1979 ds fl) uk;d dk uke gS -------------------------------- efgikyA
35- jkT; dk igyk *vk;qosZn foofo|kky;* dgka LFkkfir fd;k x;k ------------------------------------------ tks/kiqj esaA
36- jktLFkkuh igyh fQYe&utjk.kk ds uk;d ftudk 15 ebZ 2005 dks fu/ku gks x;k --------- efgikyA
37- og nqxZ ftls fpfM+;k Vwad o e;wj/otx<+ ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- esgjkux<+ dk nqxZ& tks/kiqjA
38- vksloky lekt dh dqy nsoh lfp;k ekrk dk eafnj dgka gS ---------------------------------------------------- vksfl;kaA
39- jktLFkku dk Hkqousoj fdl LFkku dks dgk tkrk gS ----------------------------------------------- vksfl;ka &tks/kiqj A
40- jktLFkku ds ohjksa dh ;kn esa euk;k tkus okyk ekjokM+ egksRlo ekaM egksRlo dc euk;k tkrk
gS ---------------------------------------------------------- vkfou ekg dh 'kjn iwf.kZek flrEcj&vDVwcj ekg esa ]tks/kiqj
41- jktLFkku laxhr ukVd vdkneh dh LFkkiuk dc gqbZ ------------------------------------------------------------------ 1957 esaA
42- jk"Vh; fof/k foofo|kky; vkSj jktLFkku vk;qosZn foofo|kky; dgka gS --------------------------- tks/kiqj esaA
43- nsk dk lcls cM+k ik.Mqfyfi Hk.Mkj *jktLFkku kP; fk{kk laLFkku* fLFkr gS ------------------ tks/kiqj esaA
44- jktLFkku mPp U;k;ky; fLFkr gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- tks/kiqj esaA
45- dktjh e: 'kks/k laLFkku o vkQjh kq"d ou vuqla/kku laLFkku dh LFkkiuk tks/kiqj esa dc gqbZ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ek% 1959 o 1985 esaA
46- jktLFkku dh igyh fQYe flVh dk fuekZ.k dgka fd;k x;k ---------------------------------- iky xko] tks/kiqjA
47- gjh ehukj FkEck egy fLFkr gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- e.Mksj& tks/kiqjA
48- LVsV fjeksV lsaflax ,Iyhdsku lsUVj SRSAC&lwnwj laosnu rduhd nsk dh igyh gokbZ
Nk;kfp= ;ksxkkyk mixzg fp= dh LFkkiuk dc gqbZ -------------------------------------------- 1979 esa tks/kiqj
49- tks/kiqj ftys ds cks:ank dLcs esa jktLFkku dh dykvksa dks laj{k.k nsus gsrw dkSulh laLFkk LFkkfir
dh xbZ gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :ik;ku laLFkkaA
~Page-13~
11- ikyh ftyk

1- ifpeh jktLFkku dss lokZf/kd ck/k 100 dgka gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ikyhA
2 ikyh uxj leqnz ry ls fdruh pkbZ ij fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------ 212 ehVjA
3 i- jktLFkku dk lcls cM+k ck/k tokbZ ck/k rFkk ljnkj leUn ck/k fdl ftys esa fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ikyhA
4 jkoyh VkMx<+ vH;kj.; dgka gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- vtesj] ikyh o mn;iqjA
5 tokbZ ck/k fLFkr gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- lqesjiqj] tokbZ unh ikyh
6 Qqyokjh dh uky vH;kj.; fLFkr gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- mn;iqj] ikyhA
7 15 oha lnh ds fl) tSu eafnj dgka gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ j.kdiqj&ikyhA
8 esganh ds fy, fl) ihj eLrku dh njxkg dgka gS ---------------------------------------------------------- lkstr&ikyhA
9 jktLFkku esa ijaijkxr o kphure m/kksx &lwrh oL= m/kksx dh orZeku esa lcls cM+h fey fLFkr
gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ikyh esaA
10 tokbZ unha dk mn~xe LFky gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- xksfj;k & ikyhA
11 vkcknh ds fygkt ls ikyh 'kgj jkT; esa fdl LFkku ij gS ----------------------------------------------------------- 11 osaA
12 phuh ;k=h gsulkax us Hkkjr Hkze.k ds nkSjku fdls xqtZj nsk ds :i esa tkuk Fkk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vcqnZ nsk ]ikyhA
13 rsjgrkyh yksdu`R; dgka dk nsk&fonsk esa fo[;kr gS ------------------------------------------------------- iknjyk xko A
14 ekjokM+ dk ve`r ljksoj gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- tokbZ ck/kA
15 xsVos vkWQ xksMoy o feuh eqEcbZ ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gS ---------------------------- Qkyuk dk Lo.kZ eafnjA
16 [ksrykth dk esyk o pksfV;k ihj nqyskkg dk esyk dgka Hkjrk gS ------------------------------------------------ ikyhA
17 lkseukFk eafnj dgka gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ikyh uxj ds e/; esaA
18 ikyh uxj fdl unh ds fdukjs clk gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ckaMh unhaA
19 ikyh dks fdlds dkj.k okf.kT; uxjh ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gS ----- flDdksa dh Vdlky ds dkj.kA
20 egkjktk Jh mEesn feYl ]ikyh esa mRiknu dc 'kq: gqvk ------------------------------------------------- 21 ekpZ 1941
21 lokZf/kd ftyksa dh lhekvksa ds LikZ djus okyk ftyk gS ---------------------------------------------------------- ikyh 8A
22 yk[kk >aoj ;q) dh laKk ikus okyk og LFkku tgka czk.kksa dh tus rFkk mudh fo/kokvksa ds
/koy pwM+ksa ds laxzg.k ls pcqrjk lk cu x;k] dgykrk gS -------------------------------------------------- /kksyk pksarjkA
23 fuEcksa dk ukFk egknso dk HkO; eafnj fLFkr gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Qkyuk o lkaMsjko ekxZ ij igkM+h dh rygVh esa ]ikyhA
24 jktLFkku ds fdl LFkku dh esgUnh fl) gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- lkstrA
25 1444 LrEHkksa dk j.kdiqj dk tSu eafnj fdl ftys esa fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------ ikyhA
26 ekjokM+ dk }kfjdk/kke dgk tkrk gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- >hrM+k dksA
~Page-14~
12- tkykSj ftyk

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lqU/kk ekrkth dk esyk] lkapkSj ikq esyk] ihjth dk mlZ dgka yxrk gS ----------------------------------- tkykSjA
ukFk laEnk; ds fl) _f"k tkyU/kj dh riksHkwfe gS -------------------------------------------- fljs eafnj&tkykSj A
ljLorh d.BkHkj.k ikBkkyk laLr ikBkkyk ds uke ls tkus tkuh okyh txg tgka rksi[kkuk
fLFkr gS ftldks cuok;k Fkk ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- jktk Hkkst }kjkA
uUnhoj rhFkZ fLFkr gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- tkykSj esaA
ojkg dh ewfrZ tSlyesj ds ihys iRFkj ls fufeZr dgka LFkkfir gS ----------- Hkhueky dk ojkg eafnj esaA
laLr lkfgR; ds dk.M fo}ku vkSj fkkqiky o/k dkO; ds jpf;rk ek?kdfo rFkk [;kr
T;ksfr"kkpk;Z czxqIr dgka ds fuoklh Fks ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hkhueky&tkykSj A
LQqV czfl)kUr uked T;ksfr"k xzUFk dc o fdlus fy[kk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ fo-la- 685 lu~ 928 bZ- esa T;ksfr"kkpk;Z czxqIr usA
Hkhueky ds pko.Mk jktk O;k?kzeq[k dk mYys[k dgka feyrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- czfl)kUr uked T;ksfr"k xzUFk esaA
vkkkiqjh eafnj egksnjk ekrk dk eafnj dgka gS ---------------------------------------- lenM+h&HkhyM+h jsyekxZ ijA
fdl uxj dk uke kphudky esa Jheky Fkk --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hkhueky dkA
xzsukbV flVh dgk tkrk gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- tkykSj dksA
fdl phuh ;k=h us vius ;k=k o`rkUr esa Hkhueky uxj dks xqTtZj=k nsk dh jkt/kkuh ds :i esa
mYys[k fd;k gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- gsulkax 7 oha 'krkCnha esa
ihys xzsukbV ds Hk.Mkj dgka feys gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ulkSyh Hkhueky
fdl LFkku dks ikap ufn;ka cgus ds dkj.k jktLFkku dk iatkc dgk tkrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- lkapksj rglhy &tkykSj A
vkS/kksfxd n`f"V ls jkT; dk lcls fiNM+k ftyk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------- tkykSjA
ekuo fodkl lwpdkad dh n`f"V ls jkT; dk lcls xjhc ftyk gS -------------------------------------------- tkykSjA
egf"kZ tkcfy dh riksHkwfe Fkh ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- tkcyhiqj orZeku tkykSj A
lq.Mk ioZr ij fLFkr eafnj gS ----------------------------------------------------------------- pkeq.Mk nsoh1220 ehVj apkbZA
jktLFkku dh lcls cM+h nqX/k Ms;jh fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------ jkuhokM+k&tkykSjA
jkT; esa thjs dk lokZf/kd mRiknu fdl ftys esa gksrk gS --------------------------------------------------------------- tkykSj
jkT; dk igyk jksi&os gS ------------------------------------- lqU/kk ioZr ij lqU/kk ekrk jksi&os ]Hkhueky tkykSjA
U;wure efgyk lk{kjrk okyk ftyk gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- tkykSj
Lo.kZfxjh nqxZ fLFkr gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- tkykSjA
tkykSj esa cgus okyh ufn;ka gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ywuh] ckaMh]tokbZ] lwdM+hA
jktLFkku esa lexz eknd inkFkksZa ds mRiknu dh n`f"V ls Fke LFkku gS ------------------------ tkykSj dkA
~Page-15~
13- fljksgh ftyk

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jktLFkku dk ,dek= fgy LVsku gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ekm.V vkcw

jktLFkku dk ,dek= uxj tks 1300 ehVj dh apkbZ ij fLFkr gS ------------------ ekm.V vkcw fljksgh
jkT; dk lokZf/kd vknz LFkku gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ekm.V vkcw A
Hkkjr ljdkj us nsk esa 150 vR;ar fiNM+s ftyksa dh igpku dh gS] blesa jkT; dk vR;ar fiNM+k
ftyk gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fljksghA
nSyokM+k ds fl) tSu eafnj fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fljksghA
phdw ds mRiknu esa vxz.kh ftyk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fljksgh
jkT; esa lokZf/kd ou {ks= okyk ftyk gS -------------------------------------------------------- fljksgh 31 fr- ou {ks=
ekyoh fdLe dh dikl dk lokZf/kd mRiknu okyk ftyk gS -------------------------------------------------------- fljksgh
fljksgh tke.My dh LFkkiuk 23 tuojh 1939 dks djus okys og O;fDr ftUgsa jktLFkku dk xk/kh
dgk tkrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Jh xksdqy HkkbZ HkA
fljksgh o vkcw {ks= esa xjkfl;k tkfr }kjk fcuk fdlh ok| ;a= ds fd;k tkus okyk u`R; gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- okyj u`R;A
gkFkh xqQk]pEik xqQk]rFkk jke>jks[kk dgka fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------- fljksghA
xjkfl;k tutkfr jktLFkku esa lokZf/kd ikbZ tkrh gS --------------------------------------------------------------- fljksgh esaA
og >hy ftlds ckjs esa dgk tkrk gS fd ftldks _f"k eqfu;ksa us vius uk[kwuksa ls [kksnk Fkk ] og
gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ uDdh >hy ekm.V vkcw
vkcw ioZr ij fLFkr ,d ,slk fkyk[k.M ftldh vkfr esa<+d tSlh gS] dks fdl uke ls tkuk
tkrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ VkWM jkWdA
lulsV IokbUV fLFkr gS ------------------------------------ uDdh >hy ds mkj&ifpe esa fudV igkM+ksa ds chpA
jktLFkku ljdkj us fdl LFkku dks jkT; dk bdks stkby tksu ?kksf"kr fd;k gS ---- ekm.V vkcw A
Fke tSu rhFkZdj vkfnukFk dh Lof.kZe frek dgka fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ dkafrukFk tSu eafnj&vpyx<+A
vpysoj egknso eafnj o foeykkgh eafnj rFkk xkseq[k eafnj fLFkr gS ---------------------- vkcw ioZr ijA
jktLFkku esa lsc dh [ksrh loZFke dgka kjEHk dh xbZ Fkh ------------------------------------------- ekm.V vkcw esaA
fl) foeykkgh eafnj dgka gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- nSyokM+kA
~Page-16~
14- ckMesj ftyk

1- {ks=Qy ds vk/kkj ij nsk dk lcls cM+k lalnh; {ks= yksdlHkk {ks= gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ckMesj ckMesj&28381 oxZ fdeh-$tSlyesj&38401 fdeh-A
2- Hkkjrh; jsyos dk vafre LVsku tks ikfdLrku dh lhek ds utnhd gS -------------------- equkcko ckMesj
3- bafnjk xka/kh ugj dk vafre xarO; LFky gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------- xMjkjksM+ ckMesj
4- dkSulh gLr dyk ds {ks= esa ckMesj fl) gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------- vtjd faaVA
5- 1971 esa egkohj p fotsrk ysa- duZy g.kwr flag dgka ds jgus okys Fks --------------------------- ckMesj dsA
6- U;wure tula[;k ?kuRo okys ftyksa dk lgh e gS --------- tSlyesj13] chdkusj 61] ckMesj 69
7- fdl Qly dk mRiknu ckMesj ftys esa lokZf/kd gksrk gS ----------------------------------------------------------------- eksBA
8- ckMesj ftys esa lokZf/kd gksrk gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- eksBA
9- ckMesj fyXukbV dks;yk ds mRiknu esa jkT; esa fdl LFkku ij gS ----------------------- Fke LFkku ij A
10- fyXukbV dks;yk dks;yk dh [kkusa dgka &dgka gS -------------------------- fxjy] diwjM+h] tkfyik] HkkM+dkA
11- vkye th dk /kksjk ] ?kksM+ksa dk rhFkZ LFky dgykrk gS ----------------------------------------- xq<+keykuh& ckMesj A
12- tSu lEnk; dk rhFkZ LFky dgykrk gS --------------------------------------------------------------------- udksM+kth &ckMesj A
13- jkT; esa lokZf/kd {ks=Qy esa cktjk cks;k tkrk gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------- ckMesj esaA
14- jkT; dk igyk fyXukbV vk/kkfjr fctyh?kj gS ------------------------------------------------------- fxjy 125 esxkokV
15- jktLFkku CykWd dk nwljk lcls cM+k rsy {ks= ftldh [kqnkbZ fczVsu dh ds;uZ ,uthZ daiuh us
ck;rq {ks= ds tksxklfj;k xko esa dh ]mUgsa uke fn;k x;k gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- eaxyk&1] foft;k] HkkX;e] ,so;kZA
16- fdjkMw eafnj fLFkr gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ckM+esj esaA
17- ckMesj lhek ds lkFk yxus okyk vUrjkZ"Vh; ftyk dkSulk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Fkkjikjdj ikfdLrku] 270 fdeh-A
18- NIiu dh igkfM+;ka fLFkr gS ------------- ckMesaj esa leqnzry ls 3727 QhV aph rFkk 22 fdeh- yEch
19- ipinjk [kkjs ikuh dh >hy dgka gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ckMesj&tks/kiqj ekxZA
20- jktLFkku esa lokZf/kd cdfj;ka dgka ik;h tkrh gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ckMesj esaA
21- ckMesj ftys esa ywuh unha dk osk LFky gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- jkeiqjk xkaoA
22- fxjy gS ,d ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fo/kqr rkih; ifj;kstukA
23- flokuk dk nqxZ fdl Js.kh dk nqxZ gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fxjh nqxZA
24- dksVM+k dk fdyk fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------ dksVM+k xkao]fko rglhy &ckMesj A
25- ckyksrjk dLcs dk iqjkuk uke gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ fko fkoiqjh
26- lqbZ;ka dk esyk pkj lky ds vUrjky ds ckn iks"k ekg dh lkseorh veko;k dks dgka Hkjrk gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- pkSgVu&ckMesj A
~Page-17~
27- og LFkku tgka jko eYyhukFkth us fpj lekf/k yh Fkh rFkk ;gka pS= ".kk ,dknkh ls pS= 'kqDyk
,dknkh rd fokky ikqesyk Hkjrk gS ]og gS ------------------------------------------ fryokM+h i'kq esyk&fryokM+kA
28- xjhcukFk dk eafnj o rsy dh [kkst ds fy, fl) LFkku gS -------------------------------------- fko &ckyksrjkA
29- vkWijsku ihyw D;k gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- dokl esa ck<+ ds ikuh
dh fudklh gsrw ONGC }kjk pyk;k x;k vfHk;ku bl ck<+ dk ikuh jksfgyh unha esa Mkyk x;k
15- tSlyesj ftyk

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e: f=dks.k gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- tSlyesj] tkS/kiqj] chdkusjA

tSlyesjh uLy dh HksM+ksa dk tuu o vuqla/kku dsUnz fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------- iksdj.kA
lso.k ?kkl dgka gksrh gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- tSlyesj esaA
jke&lk&ihj fdl yksd nsork dks dgk tkrk gS ------------------------------------------------------ ckck jkenso th dksA
le ds Vhys fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- tSlyesj esaA
jkT; dk igyk foyst fjlksVZ lsUVj dgka LFkkfir fd;k x;k gS ------------------------- iksdj.k& tSlyesjA
lqxuh cwj ?kkl dh ,d fdLe gS ]ftlds rsy esa ,d foks"k rRo ik;k tkrk gS mldk ;ksx vkS"kf/k
fuekZ.k esa fd;k tkrk gS ];g ?kkl dgka iSnk gksrh gS -------------------------------------------------------------- tSlyesj esaA
jkT; dk ,dek= QkWfly ikdZ thoke m|ku gS ---------------------------------------- vkdy oqM QkWfly ikdZA
nqyZHk jkT; i{kh xksMko.k fdl LFkku ij ik;k tkrk gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- jk"Vh; e: m|ku] &tSlyesjA
tSlyesj ftys esa fLFkr ikap gosfy;ksa dk lewg gS]ftUgsa ikap Hkkb;ksa us feydj cuok;k Fkk ]os fdl
uke ls tkuh tkrh gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ iVoksa dh gosyhA
lkfye flag dh gosyh fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ tSlyesj esa uhyh xqEcnnkj Nr vkSj uDdkkh fy, eksj dh vkfr eq[k vkdkj ls
ifpeh Nksj dk vfUre xko tks ikfdLrku dh lhek ls yxrk gS ---------------- dVjk xko&tSlyesjA
tSlyesj ds iwoZ HkkVh 'kkldksa dh dqy nsoh ftldh lsuk rFkk lhek lqj{kk cy ds toku iwtk
djrs gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ruksfV;k nsohA
Lo.kZ uxjh ds uke ls fo[;kr ftyk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- tSlyesjA
fdl ftys dks gosfy;ksa o >jks[kksa dh uxjh] jsfxLrku dk xqykc vkSj jktLFkku dk v.Meku
miuke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- tSlyesjA
iksdj.k esa yky iRFkjksa ls fufeZr lqUnj nqxZ ftldk fuekZ.k lu~ 1550 bZ-ea jko ekynso us djok;k
Fkk ]og gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- iksdj.k dk fdykA
nsk esa {ks=Qy dh n`f"V ls lcls cM+s ftys ds :i esa tSlyesj dk LFkku gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ysg] dPN ds ckn rhljkA
~Page-18~
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{ks=Qy ds vk/kkj ij jkT; dk lcls cM+k ftyk gS ---------------------------- tSlyesj 38401 oxZ fdeh
ckck jkenso ds xq:dqy ds :i esa fo[;kr LFkku gS-------------------------------------------------------------------- iksdj.kA
foo dk lcls cM+k Hkwfexr iqLrdky; fLFkr gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------- iksdj.k esaA
Hkkjr dk lcls cM+k fo/kkulHkk {ks= gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ tSlyesj 1 lhV
tSlyesj fo/kkulHkk dk {ks=Qy fdruk gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------38401 oxZ fdeh
,fk;k dk lcls cM+k Vh-oh- Vkoj gS ----------------------------------------------------------------- jkex<- 300 ehVj apk
nsk dk igyk pkjk cSad dgka LFkkfir fd;k x;k gS --------------------------------------------------------------- tSlyesj esaA
lokZf/kd foijhr fyaxkuqikr okyk ftyk gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- tSlyesj 821
'kgjh {ks= esa U;wure fyaxkuqikr okyk ftyk gS --------------------------------------------------------------------a tSlyesj 764
jkT; esa lokZf/kd nkdh; 1991&2001 o`f) nj okyk ftyk gS ------------------------ tSlyesj 47-5 fr-
tSlyesj ftyk U;wure iapk;r lfefr;ksa rFkk xzke iapk;rksa okyk ftyk gS budh la[;k ek% gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 o 128
fcuk bZlj dh xoj dgka iwth tkrh gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ tSlyesj esa
;gka xoj vdsyh iwth tkrh gS] mlds ifr bZlj ugha
uFkey dh gosyh ]tokgj rFkk ckny foykl fLFkr gS ----------------------------------------------------------- tSlyesj esaA
yksd nsork ckck jkenso dk eafnj] jknso ljksoj]xq:}kjk]ijpk ckoM+h] rFkk jkensoth dh fk";k
MkyhckbZ dk lekf/k LFky gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :.kspkA
Lora=rk lsukuh ,oa 'kghn lkxjey xksik dgka ds fuoklh Fks --------------------------------- tSlyesj ftys dsA
tSlyesj nqxZ ftls lksukjx<+ fdyk Hkh dgk tkrk gS dgka fLFkr gS -------------------------------- tSlyesj esaA
MstVZ QsfLVoy e: esyk dc vk;ksftr fd;k tkrk gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ek?k lqnh 13 ls iwf.kZek rd tuojh&Qjojh
ckck jkenso dk fl) yD[kh esyk dc o dgka yxrk gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ek?k vkSj Hkknzin eghuksa ds 'kqDy i{k esa nwt ls ,d rd :.kspk xzke esaA
~Page-19~
vtesj laHkkx ds ftys %& vtesj] HkhyokM+k] ukxkSj] Vksad
16- vtesj ftyk

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jktLFkku dk ifo= 'kgj ds uke ls fl) ftyk gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------- vtesjA

[oktk eksbuqhu fprh dh njxkg o rkjkx<+ dk fdyk fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------ vtesj esaA
vkuklkxj]Qk;Wlkxj >hy]ukjk;.k lkxj ck/k rFkk fkolkxj ck/k fLFkr gS ----------------------- vtesj esaA
vtesj dh vkuklkxj >hy dk fuekZ.k dc o fdlus fd;k ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1135 bZ- esa i`Fohjkt pkSgku ds firkeg vj.kksjkt vkukth usA
foo esa ,dek= czkth dk eafnj fLFkr gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- iq"dj A
ywuh unh dk mn~xe LFky ekuk tkrk gS --------------------------------------------------------------------- ukx igkM+h vtesj
ukjk;.k lkxj ck/k dh uhao fdlus j[kh Fkh ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hkkjr ds Fke jk"Vifr MkW- jktsUnz lkn us 31 vDVwcj 1955A
ukjk;.k lkxj ck/k fLFkr gS ---------------------------------------------------------- [kkjh unha ij] tkfy;k f}rh; xko esaA
nkSyr ckx eqxy ckx dk fuek.kZ fdlus fd;k Fkk ---------------------------------------------------------------- tgkaxhj usA
pek&,&uwj >jus dk ukedj.k fd;k Fkk ---------------------------------------------------------------------- lezkV tgkaxhj usA
rkjkx<+ nqxZ dk fuekZ.k fdlus djok;k ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vtesj uxj dh LFkkiuk djus okys jktk vt;iky us 7 oha 'krkCnh esa
'kkgtgka ds lcls cM+s iq= nkjkfkdksg dk tUe gqvk ----------------------------------------------------------------- vtesj esaA
nkSjkbZ LFkku fl) ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 'kkgtgka ds iq=ksa esa lkk la?k"kZ ds fy,A
jkT; dk igyk VSDlVkbZy ikdZ cuk;k tk jgk gS ----------------------------------------------------------------- fdkux<+ esaA
buySaM daVsuj fMiks lw[kk canjxkg dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ gS ----------------------------------------------- fdkux<+ esaA
dsUnzh; cdjh tuu ,oa vuqla/kku dsUnz rFkk fljksgh uLy dh cdjh;ksa dk tuu 'kks/k laLFkku
fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- jkelj&ulhjkckn ds lehiA
jktLFkku esa 1887 dh kafr dk Fke fcxqy fdl Nkouh esa ctk Fkk ----------------- ulhjkckn&vtesjA
owyu dkWEiysDl dh LFkkiuk dgka dh tk;sxh ------------------------------------------------------------ ujcM+ [ksM+k&C;kojA
?kfM+;ksa dk 'kgj ,p-,e-Vh- dkj[kkus ds dkj.k tkuk tkrk gS ------------------------------------------------------ vtesjA
nsk dh lcls cMh lhesUV dEiuh Jh lhesaV fLFkr gS -------------------------------------------------------------- C;koj esaA
xkWyMu ihdkWd i;kZoj.k iqjLdkj &2003 ls fdls lEekfur fd;k x;k Fkk ----------------------- Jh lhesaVA
lokZf/kd jktekxZ okyk ftyk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ vtesj 5A
jktLFkku ,sFkysfVd la?k] cSaMfeaVu la?k rFkk ckLdsVcky la?k ds eq[;ky; fLFkr gS -------- vtesj esaA
jk"Vh; fdsV vdkneh dgka LFkkfir dh tk;sxh ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- vtesjA
jktLFkku dh lcls iqjkuh Ms;jh vtesj esa fLFkr gS mldk uke gS ----------------------------------- inek Ms;jhA
jktLFkku dk n;LFky vkSj lkEnkf;d ln~Hkko dk laxe LFky uke ls tkuk tkrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ vtesjA
jkT; esa eqxhZikyu dk fk{k.k dsUnz dgka LFkkfir gS ------------------------------------------------------ fljekSj&vtesjA
fdl [kjhQ Qly ds {ks=Qy vkSj mRiknu dh n`f"V ls vtesj ftyk Fke LFkku ij gS ----- XokajA
~Page-20~
29- jktLFkku dk Fke iw.kZ lk{kj ftyk ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k ------------------------------------------------------------------ vtesjA
30- jktiwr fp=dyk dh ,d fl) 'kSyh c.kh&B.kh] tks fooHkj esa fdl uke ls fo[;kr gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fdkux<+ 'kSyhA
31- c.kh&B.kh dkSu Fkh ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- lkoar flagukxjhnkl dh sfedkA
32- c.kh&B.kh fp= fdlus cuk;k ----------------------------------------------------------------- fp=dkj eksj/ot fugkypUn usA
33- vtesj ftys dks fdl {ks= esa mYys[kuh; dk;Z ds fy, 8 flrEcj 2004 dks lR;su eS=s; iqjLdkj
ls lEekfur fd;k x;k -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fk{kkA
34- vfXu ck.k D;k gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- t;ukjk;.k O;kl
}kjk dkfkr 1932 esa C;koj ls jktLFkkuh Hkk"kk dk Fke jktuSfrd lkekpkj i=A
35- lj VkWel jks us fdl nqxZ esa tgkaxhj ls eqykdkr dh ---------------------- eSXthu nqxZjktiwrkuk E;wft;e
36- eSXthu nqxZ dk fuekZ.k fdlds dky esa gqvk -------------------------------------------------------------------------- lezkV vdcjA
37- [oktk Qd:hu dh fl) njxkg fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------- ljokM+& vtesjA
38- lu~ 1889 esa ".kk feYl fy-] lu~ 1906 esa ,MoMZ fey oL= vkSj 1925 esa egky{eh feYl oL=
dh LFkkiuk dgka gqbZ Fkh ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- C;koj esaA
39- vtesj dk ekaxfy;kokl dLck fl) gS ----------------------------------------------- 800 o"kZ iqjkus dYio`{k ds fy,A
40- ohj yksd nsork rstkth ds fl) Fkku pcwrjs dgka&dgka gS --------------- lqjljk] lSanfj;k] Hkkaork vkSj
C;kojA
41- ,fk;k;h fodkl cSad dh lgk;rk ls 600 esxkokWV ikoj fxzM LVsku dgka LFkkfir fd;k x;k gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- tsBkukA
42- vtesj fuoklh Vscy Vsful f[kykM+h ftUgsa o"kZ 2004 dk egkjk.kk rki iqjLdkj nku fd;k x;k ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- nsosk dkfj;kA
43- fdl iqjLdkj dks jaxeap dh nqfu;k dk vkWLdj ekuk tkrk gS ------------------------- fFk;Vj Mksjk esoj ewjA
44- *,d drjk [kwu* ukVd fdldh fr gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ts-Mh- voRFkkekA
45- Hkkjr esa gS.Mywe dk lcls cM+k dsUnz gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fdkux<+A
46- egf"kZ dfiy eqfu dk tUe dgka gqvk --------------------------------------------------------------------- iq"dj ds lehi xko esaA
47- *lka[; 'kkL=* uked fl) xzaFk dh jpuk fdlus dh ------------------------------------------------------- dfiy eqfu usA
48- lwpuk dk vf/kdkj fnyokus ds fy, vfHk;ku pykus dk Js; fdls gkfly gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Jhefr v:.kk jk;A
49- gskyh ds volj ij cknkkg dk esyk dgka Hkjrk gS --------------------------------------------------------------------- C;koj esaA
50- gkWdh dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, jktLFkku dk igyk ,LVksVQZ eSnku dgka LFkkfir fd;k x;k gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vtesj esaA
51- jktLFkku ek/;fed fk{kk cksMZ ]vtesj dh LFkkiuk dc gqbZ ------------------------------------------------------- 1961 esaA
52- jktLFkku ek/;fed fk{kk cksMZ esa dqy fdrus lnL; gksrs gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ,d v/;{k] ,d mik/;{k lfgr lkr pqus gq, lnL;] l=g jkT; ljdkj }kjk ukekafdr
lnL; rFkk nks fo/kkulHkk/;{k }kjk ukekafdr vkSj nks lgofjrdks&dkWIVsM lnL; gksrs gSaA
53- iq"dj esyk ][oktk lkgc dk mlZ dgka yxrk gS ----------------------------------------------------------- vtesj ftys esaA
54- Hkkjr esa ,d la?k yksd lsok vk;ksx dh LFkkiuk dh flQkfjk fdlus dh -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1923 esa ,ojSV yh dehku usA
55- egf"kZ n;kuUn ljLorh foofo/kky; ]vtesj dh LFkkiuk dc gqbZ ----------------------- 1 vxLr]1987 dksA
56- tgkxhj }kjk cuokbZ xbZ iflZ;u i)fr dh ,d gkFkh dh ewfrZ &gkFkh HkkVk dgka fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vtesj esaA
~Page-21~
17- HkhyokM+k ftyk

1- esokM+ dk orZeku 'kklu uked iqLrd rFkk iaNhM+k uked yksdxhr ds jpf;rk gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ekf.kD;yky oekZA
2- fdlku vkUnksyu dk tud fdls dgk tkrk gS ----------------------------------------------------------- fot;flag ifFkdA
3- jktLFkku ds nwljs O;fDr ftUgsa 1965 esa ifoHkw"k.k ls lEekfur fd;k x;k -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ekf.kD;yky oekZA
4- vHkzd dk lokZf/kd mRiknd ftyk gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HkhyokM+k vkaxqpk
5- txUukFk dNokg dh ckhl [kEHkksa dh Nrjh dgka gS ------------------------------------------------- estk ekxZ&ek.MyA
6- jkeLusgh lEnk; dh eq[; ihB dgka gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 'kkgiqjkA
7- estk cka/k fLFkr gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HkhyokM+k esaA
8- cukl]csM+p vkSj esuky ufn;ksa ds laxe ij cuk gqvk fxjh Js.kh dk nqxZ gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ekaMyx<+ dk nqxZ1850 QhV apk
9- fl) cgq:fi;k dykdkj tkudhyky dk lEcU/k fdl LFkku ls gSa ----------------------------------------- vkaxwpkA
10- gqjM+k lEesyu 1734 bZ- esa dgka vk;ksftr gqvk Fkk ------------------------------------------------------------------ HkhyokM+k esaA
11- dsUnzh; R;{k dj cksMZ ds Fke v/;{k ftudk jkT; ds fdl LFkku ls lEcU/k gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- eka.Myx< dLckA
12- QM+ fp=.k dk eq[k dsUnz gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 'kkgiqjkA
13- QM+ fp=dyk ds [;kr fp=dkj ftUgsa Hkkjr ljdkj us lu~ 2006 esa iJh ls lEekfur fd;k ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Jhyky tkskhA
14- igys xzs.M ekLVj cus vfHkthr xqIrk fdl ftys ds fuoklh gSa ----------------------------------------- HkhyokM+k dsA
15- fdl xzUFk esa ekaMyx<+ nqxZ dks vtesj ds pkSgku jktkvksa }kjk fufeZr crk;k gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ohj fouksn xzaFk esaA
16- fctksfy;k dk fdlku vkUnksyu dc 'kq: gqvk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1916 easA
17- mijeky dgykrk gS ----------------------------------------------------- HkSaljksMx< ls ydj fctksfy;k rd dk Hkw&HkkxA
18- eq[k QM+ fp=dkj gS --------------------------------------------------------- Jhyky tkskh] nqxsZk tkskh] 'kkafryky tkskhA
19- oL= mRiknu ds {ks= esa jkT; dl vxz.kh ftyk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------- HkhyokM+k A
20- mM+n mRiknu ds {ks= esa HkhyokM+k ftys dk jkT; esa LFkku gS -------------------------------------------------------- FkeA
21- falaFksfVd oL= fuek.kZ ds {ks= esa HkhyokM+k dk LFkku gS --------------------------------------------------------------------- FkeA
22- i'kq lEink ds fygkt ls jkT; esa HkhyokM+k dk LFkku gS ---------------------------------------------------------------- rhljkA
23- tykk;ksa dh n`f"V ls HkhyokM+k ftys dk jkT; esa LFkku gS ------------------------------------------------------------- pkSFkkA
24- jktLFkku ouLifr ?kh dh QSDVh fLFkr gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HkhyokM+k esaA
25- HkhykM+h uke ds flDds <kys tkrs Fks -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HkhyokM+k esaA
26- vkcknh ds fygkt ls HkhyokM+k jkT; dk dkSulk 'kgj gS ------------------------ 7 ok 2-80 yk[k tu-2001
27- estk ck/k fdl unha ij gS -------------------------------------------- dksBkjh unha ij ] ty {kerk& 3400 M.C.F.T.
28- jktLFkku esa loZFke lu~ 1964 esa ouLifr ?kh m|ksx dgka LFkkfir fd;k x;k ------------ HkhyokM+k esaA
~Page-22~
29- xqtZjksa dk fl) rhFkZ LFky lokbZ Hkkst eafnj fLFkr gS --------------------------------------------------------------- vklhUn
30- jkT; ds dqy ou {ks=Qy dk fdruk frkr HkhyokM+k ftys dk ou {ks= gS -------------- 7-6 frkrA
18- ukxkSj ftyk

1- jktLFkku dh /kkrq uxjh rFkk {ksf=;iqj ds uke ls fl) LFkku gS ----------------------------------------------- ukxkSjA
2- ukxkSj ftys ds fdl xko dh cdfj;ka nsk Hkj esa fl) gS ------------------------------------------------------------ o:.kA
3- la;qDr jk"V ls?k ds }kjk ukxkSj ds fdl LFkku ij twfr;k cukus dh ifj;kstuk pykbZ tk jgh gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- cM+wA
4- jkT; dk lcls cM+k ohj rstkth i'kqesyk dgka yxrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------ ijcrljA
5- cynso i'kq esyk dc o dgka Hkjrk gS ----------------------- esM+rk flVhoSkk[k 'kqDy lIReh ls iwf.kZeka rd
6- jkT; dk igyk lQsn lhesUV cukus dk dkj[kkuk 1984 esa dgka LFkkfir fd;k x;k gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- xksVu&ukxkSjA
7- ehjka ckbZ dk pkjHkqtk ukFk eafnj dgka gS ------------------------------------------------------------------ esM+rk flVh& ukxkSjA
8- ukxkSj dk kphu uke Fkk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vfgN=iqjA
9- yksd nsork tkaHkksth dk tUe LFky gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ihikljA
10- jktLFkku esa vuqlwfpr tu tkfr&vkfnoklh dh lcls de vkcknh dgka fuokl djrh gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ukxkSj 0-22 frkr
11- nsk dh igyh jsy cl lsok dc o dgka kjaHk dh xbZ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1994 esa esM+rk 'kgj ls esM+rk jksM+ 15 fdeh-
12- jktLFkku fuekZ.k ds igys ukxkSj fdl fj;klr dk ,d Hkkx Fkk ----------------------------------------------- tks/kiqjA
13- nsk esa loZFke iapk;rh jkt dk;Ze dk 'kqHkkjaEHk dc o fdlus fd;k ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2 vDVw- 1959 dks ukxkSj esa ia- tokgjyky usg: usA
14- yksd nsork rstkth dk tUe LFkku gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [kjukyA
15- jkT; esa lokZf/kd i'kq esysa dgka vk;ksftr fd;s tkrs gS a-------------------------------------------------------------- ukxkSj esaA
16- jkT; dk lokZf/kd ftIle mRiknd ftyk gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ukxkSjA
17- nsk ds dqy mRikfnr ftIle dk fdrus frkr Hkkx jkT; esa gksrk gS ------------------------------------ 93 fr18- ukxkSj dk nqxZ fdl nqxZ Js.kh esa vkrk gS ----------------------------------------------------------------- /kkUou nqxZjsfxLrkuA
19- nf/kekrk dk eafnj dgka gS ---------------------------------------------------------------- xksB ekaxyksn xko] tk;y rglhy esa
20- yksd nsork dYykth dk tUe LFkku gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- esM+rkA
21- nygu dk mRiknu jkT; esa lokZf/kd dgka gksrk gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ukxkSj esaA
22- o"kZ 2007 dh i'kqx.kuk ds vuqlkj ukxkSj ftyk i'kq lEink dh n`f"V ls jkT; esa fdl LFkku ij gaSa
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- pkSFks LFkku ijA
23- ewax mRiknu vkSj {ks=Qy dh n`f"V ls jkT; esa lokZf/kd dgka gksrk gS ----------------------------------- ukxkSj esaA
~Page-23~
24252627282930313233343536373839-
ukxkSj dk i'kq esyk dc vk;ksftr fd;k tkrk gS ---------------------------------------------- tuojh&Qjojh ekg esaA
lQsn laxejej ds fy, foofo[;kr LFkku gS ---------------------------------------------------------------- edjkuk &ukxkSjA
yksd nsork gM+cwth dk tUe LFkku gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HkawMsyA
ukxkSj ftys ds ikapkSjk xkao esa fdl yksd nsork dh ewfrZ LFkkfir gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ rYyhUkkFk th dh ewfrZ A
ukxkSjh uLy dh xk; vkSj cSayksa ds fy, tuu dsUnz LFkkfir fd;k x;k gS ------------------------ ukxkSj esaA
ukxkSj ftys esa VaxLVu ds Hk.Mkj dgka ik;s x;s gS --------------------- Msxkuk Hkk[kjh jsor dh igkM+h ij
Msxkuk Hkkdjh esa nsk dh ,dek= VaxLVu dh dk;Zkhy [kknku gS A
ukxkSj ftys esa dkSu&dkSulh ftIle dh [kkusa gS ------------------ Hknoklh] xks<&eaxyksn]tks/k;kuh]HkkyxqA
Hkoky ekrk dk eafnj fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ tluxj&esM+rk flVhA
lwQh lar geheqhu lqYrkus rkjsdhu lkgc dh njxkg fLFkr gS ------------------ fxyk.kh rkykc ds iklA
czk.kh ekrk o dkyh ekrk dh iwtk vpZuk ;gka dc dh tkrh gS a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- uojk=k esa 'kfDrihB ds :i esaA
yksdukV~; dqpkeu [;ky ds fy, fl) gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ dqpkeuA
jkenso i'kqesyk Hkjrk gS ------------------------------------------------------- ek?k 'kqDy frink ls iwaf.kZek rd ukxkSj esaA
tSu fooHkkjrh MhEM ;wfuoflZVh fLFkr gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ykMuwA
jktLFkku jkT; VaxLVu fodkl fuxe fyfe- dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ ---------------------------- 22 uoEcj 1988A
cuokjhyky tkskh dk lEcU/k fdl LFkku ls gS ---------------------------------------------------------- NksVh [kkVw xkao lsA
19- Vksad ftyk

12345678910-
kphu jktLFkku dk VkVkuxj dgk tkrk gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- jS<+&VksadA

lar ihik dh xqQk dgka fLFkr gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- VksMkA
jktLFkku dh 19 fj;klrksa esa ls ,dek= fj;klr tgk eqfLye 'kkld jgs ------------------- Vksad fj;klrA
jkT; esa peM+s dh jaxkbZ dk ,dek= dkj[kkuk fLFkr gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------- VksadA
jkT; esa lokZf/kd 'kgjh fyaxkuqikr gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Vksad945
fl) fMXxh dY;k.kth dk esyk dgka Hkjrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Vksad esaA
uokcksa dh uxjh ds :i esa tkus tkus okyk ftyk gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- VksadA
pkjcSar gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ yksd xk; 'kSyh dh ,d fofk"V fo|kVksad
jktLFkku ds yksgiq:"k ekus tkus okys nkeksnj yky O;kl dk tUe dgka gqvk ----------- ekyiqjk&Vksad
diwZjpUn dqfyk jktLFkku if=dk ds lEiknd mudk tUe gqvk Fkk --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ekyiqjk rglhy ds lksMk xko esaA
11- VksjMh+ lkxj ck/k lgksnjk unh ij fdl ftys esa fLFkr gS ----------------------------------------------------------- Vksad esaA
12- pkjcSr xk;u dyk dk oZrd fdls ekuk tkrk gS -------------------------------------------- vCnqy djhe [kkau dksA
~Page-24~
13- ouLFkyh fo|kihB dh LFkkiuk lu~ 1955 esa fdlus dh ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------jktLFkku ds Fke eq[;ea=h ghjkyky 'kkL=h o mudh iRuh jrunsoh usA14- lkfgR; lksfo;ksa dh rhFkZLFkyh *vjch o Qkjlh 'kks/k laLFkku* dh LFkkiuk dc dh xbZ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 fnlEcj 1978 dksA
15- dsUnzh; HksM+ ,oa u vuqla/kku laLFkku dgka gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vfodkuxj] ekyiqjk rglhy&Vksad 1962
16- ifpeh {ks=h; cdjh vuqla/kku dsUnz fLFkr gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------- vfodkuxjA
17- lqugjh dksBh khkegy fLFkr gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- utj ckx&VksadA
18- cukl] [kkjh] o MkbZ ufn;ksa ds laxe ij fLFkr egy gS ---------------------------------------------------------- jkt egyA
19- Hkxoku fo".kq dk vorkj ekus tkus okys Jh dY;k.k jk; th dk kphu eafnj gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fMXxh&ekyiqjk eqfLye bls dyag ihj ls iqdkjrs gSa
20- xqtZj lekt dk kphu rhFkZ LFky Hkxoku nsoukjk;.k dk eafnjnso/kke tks/kiqfj;k fLFkr gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- eklh]ckaMh vkSj [kksjkDlh unh;ksa ds laxe ijA
21- ek.Mo _f"k dh riksLFkyh ekuk tkus okyk LFky gS --------------------------------------- ek.Mo dyka&uxjQksVZA
22- ek.Mo dyka esa fro"kZ 15 fnolh; i'kq esyk dc kjEHk gksrk gS -------------------------- dkfrZd iwf.kZek dksA
23- ddksM+ dk fdyk fLFkr gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Vksad&lokbZek/kksiqj ekxZ ijA
24- lkfgR; lksfo;ksa dh rhFkZLFkyh ftldk orZeku esa uke ekSykuk vCnqy dyke vktkn vjch&Qkjlh
'kks/k laLFkkua dj fn;k x;k gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- dljs&bye dkA
25- Hkwex<+ fdyk ftls vehjx<+ fdyk Hkh dgk tkrk gS ] dk fuekZ.k fdlus djok;k ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17 oha 'krkCnha esa czkge~.k Hkksyk us rFkk bls iqjk uckc vehj [kka us djk;kA
~Page-25~
dksVk laHkkx ds ftys %& dksVk] >kykokM+] cwnh vkSj ckjka
20- dksVk ftyk

12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728-
jkT; dk lokZf/kd lk{kjrk okyk ftyk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- dksVk A

jkT; dh lokZf/kd lk{kj rglhy gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ykMiqjk dksVk
jk"Vh; pEcy vH;kj.; rFkk njkZ vH;kj.; fLFkr gS --------------------------------------------------------------------- dksVk esaA
eaxye lhesaV dh QsDVh fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ eksMd&dksVkA
nsk dk ,dek= foHkh"k.k eafnj gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- dSFkwu&dksVkA
jkT; esa lokZf/kd efgyk lk{kjrk frkr okyk ftyk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------ dksVk
jkT; dh Fke yksd vnkyr yxkbZ xbZ Fkh ------------------------------------------------------------ lu~ 1975 esa dksVk esaA
jkx&jkfxuh] ckjg eklk foykl]fkdkj o ukjh vkfr dk vkys[ku fp= fdl 'kSyh ds fo"k; gSa --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- dksVk fp= 'kSyhA
jktLFkku dk dkuiqj dgk tkrk gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- dksVk dksA
jkT; dk igyk ,xzks QwM ikdZ LFkkfir fd;k x;k gS -------------------------------------------------- jkuiqj xko&dksVkA
dksVk Mksfj;k ds uke ls ekgwj lkfM+;ka dgka curh gS -------------------------------------------------------- dSFkwu& dksVkA
vkcknh ds fglkc ls jkT; dk rhljk cM+k 'kgj gS -------------------------------------------------------- dksVk 7-68 yk[k
vkS/kksfxd uxjh] fk{kk uxjh o u;s nkSj dk ukyUnk ekuk tkrk gS ------------------------------ dksVk 'kgj dksA
jsM LVksu yky iRFkj dh [kkusa dgka gS -------------------------------------------------------------------- Mkch o /kusoj cwnha
jkT; dk igyk [kqyk foofo/kky; gS ----------------------------------------------------------------- dksVk [kqyk foofo/kky;A
pEcy QfVZykbtlZ ,.M dsfedYl baMLVht LFkkfir gS ---------------------------------------------------------------- xM+sikuA
gksyh ds ckn *Ugk.k* ,d [kkMs+ dk Ugk.k rFkk nwljk cktkj dk Ugk.k yksdksRlo vk;ksftr gksrk gS
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- lkaxksnA
jk"Vh; nkgjk esyk jkT; esa dgka vk;ksftr fd;k tkrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------- dksVk
blds vfrfjDr nsk esa eSlwj o dqYywA
jktLFkku dk Fke o nsk ds loZJs"B ;krk;kr ikdksZa esa ls ,d ikdZ fLFkr gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- gkM+ksrh ;krk;kr fk{k.k ikdZA
fdkksj lkxj rkykc ] N= foykl ckx o {kkj ckx fLFkr gS ----------------------------------------------------- dksVk esaA
Jhjke lhesUV vkS/kksfxd laLFkku fLFkr gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- dksVk esaA
dksVk uxj dk uke dksfV;k Hkhy ds uke ij iM+kA
jktLFkku esa lokZf/kd ufn;ka fdl laHkkx esa gS ------------------------------------------------------------------- dksVk laHkkx esaA
N= foykl m|ku fLFkr gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- dksVk esaA
mkj Hkkjr dk Fke liZ m|ku fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- dksVk esaA
xqykc egy dkSuls nqxZ esa fLFkr gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- dksVk nqxZ esaA
jktLFkku esa Cysd ikWVjh fdl ftys dh fl) gS ------------------------------------------------------------- dksVk ftys dhA
pEcy m|ku fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- dksVk esaA
~Page-26~
21- >kykokM+ ftyk

1234567891011121314151617181920-
>kykokM+ dk eq[; yksd u`R; gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ fcUnkSjhA

?kf.V;ksa dk 'kgj dgk tkrk gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- >kykokM+ ftys dksA
jktLFkku dk ukxiqj dgk tkrk gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- >kykokM+ ftys dksA
larjk mRiknu dh n`f"V ls jkT; dk vxz.kh ftyk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------ >kykokM+A
jktLFkku ds fdl ftys esa vkSlr o"kkZ lcls vf/kd gksrh gS ----------------------------------------------- >kykokM+ esaA
fdlku lgdkjh sfMV dkMZ ;kstuk dk jkT; Lrjh; 'kqHkkjEHk dgka ls fd;k x;k ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- >kykokM+ lsA
lks;kfcu dk lokZf/kd mRiknd ftyk gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- >kykokM+A
eafnjks dk 'kgj dgykrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ >kykjkikVuA
xkxjksu dk fdyk fdl Js.kh esa vkrk gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ty nqxZ A
x<+ Hkou iSysl dk fuek.kZ fdlus djok;k ----------------------------------------- 1838 esa >kyk jktk enuflag usA
Hkokuh ukV~;kkyk fdl 'kSyh dh gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ikjlh vkisjk 'kSyhA
fdl eafnj dks lkr lgsfy;ksa dk eafnj vkSj iukHk eafnj Hkh dgk tkrk gS ------------- lw;Z eafnj dksA
>kykjkikVu 'kgj ds chp fLFkr lw;Z eafnj dks fdlus pkj Hkqtk dk eafnj dgk gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- duZy tsEl VkWM usA
lw;Z eafnj fdl 'kSyh esa cuk gqvk gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [ktqjkgks 'kSyhA
euksgj Fkkuk dk fdyk ty nqxZ fLFkr gS ------------------------ ijou vkSj dkyhfla/k ufn;ksa ds laxe ijA
xkxjksu dk nqxZ fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ >kykokM+ esaA
xkserh lkxj rkykc ebZ 1959 esa rFkk pUnzHkkxk rkykc uoEcj 1958unha rV ij >kykjkikVu esa
dkSuls esys Hkjrs gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- xkserh lkxj o pUnzHkkxk ikq esykA
pUnzHkkxk unh ads fdukjs clk og xko tks >kykvksa ds jkt ds ckn >kykjkikVu gks x;k ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ikVuA
jSu clsjk D;k gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- >kykokM+ dksVk ekxZ
ij fdku lkxj >hy ds fdukjs ij ydM+h ls fufeZr ,d vR;ar lqUnj foJke x`gA
ehBskkg dh njxkg fdl nqxZ esa fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- xkxjksuA
~Page-27~
22- cwnh ftyk

1- fro"kZ 24 twu dks cwnh LFkkiuk fnol ij dkSulk mRlo euk;k tkrk gS -------------------- cwnh egksRloA
2- t;iqj dh x.kxkSj dh rtZ ij cwnh esa euk;k tkus okyk cwnh dk lcls cM+k yksd mRlo gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ dtyh rhtA
3- dtyh rht dc eukbZ tkrh gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hkknzin ".k r`rh;k dks A
4- cwnh dk fdyk rkjkx<+ fdl Js.kh dk nqxZ gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fxjh nqxZA
5- Hkkjr dh f}rh; dkkh ds uke ls fo[;kr uxj gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- cwnhA
6- dud lkxj i{kh vH;kj.;nqxkjh o jkex<+ fo"k/kkjh vH;kj.; dgka fLFkr gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- cwnh ftys esaA
7- pkSjklh [kEHkksa dh Nrjh fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ nsoiqjk xzke dksVk ekxZ
8- cwnh ds egkjko jkeflag ds njckjh dfo ftUgsa ohj jlkorkj dgk tkrk gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- lq;ZeYy feJ.kA
9- oak HkkLdj gS ---------------------------------------------------------- fiaxy dkO; xzUFk ftlesa cwnh dk foLr`r fooj.k gS A
10- dksVk Mksfj;ka dh lkfM+;ksa ds fy, fl) LFkku gS ------------------------------------------------------------- jksVsank& cwnh A
11- nsk dk Fke cMZ jkbMj jkWd isafVax kSy fp= dgka feyh gS ---------------------------------------- xjnM+k& cwnhA
12- ljdkjh {ks= dh jkT; dh igyh lqxj fey dskksjk;ikVu & cwnh esa dc LFkkfir dh xbZ Fkh --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- lu~ 1965 esaA
13- xUuk mRiknu ,oa {ks=Qy dh n`f"V ls jkT; esa cwnh dk LFkku gS ------------------------------------------------ Fke A
14- jkT; dh Fke lhesaV QSDVh l;a= 1913 esa dgka LFkkfir fd;k x;k Fkk -------------------------- yk[ksjh esaA
15- rkykcksa vkSj tykk;ksa ds fygkt ls jkT; esa cwnh dk LFkku gS ------------------------------------------------------ nwljkA
16- gkM+ksrh {ks= esa 'kkfey Fks ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- dksVk] cwnh o ckjkaA
17- cj/kk Mse fLFkr gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- cwnh ftys esaA
18- ckofM+;ks ds 'kgj ds miuke ls fl) ftyk gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- cwnh A
19- ikq&if{k;ksa dks egRo nsus okys Ldwy vkWQ isafVax dk uke gS -------------------------------------------------- cwnh 'kSyhA
~Page-28~
23- ckjka ftyk

12345678910111213-
ckjka ftys dh LFkkiuk dc gqbZ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10 vSy 1991 dks A

czk.kh ekrk dk eafnj dgka gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lksjlu xzke ]vUrkA
og nsoh ftldh ihB dh iwtk dh tkrh gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ czk.kh ekrkA
lhrkckM+h esyk dgka Hkjrk gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- lhrkckM+h ]dSyokM+k xkoA
y{e.k dq.M fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lhrkckM+h&ckjkaA
19 QhV yEch fl) rksi *uoyoku rksi* dgka gS --------------------------------------------------------------- 'kkgckn&ckjkaA
jk"Vh; FkeZy ikoj fuxe NTPC us xSl vk/kkfjr fctyh?kj dgka yxk;k gS --------------- vUrk
vUrk xSl ikoj LVsku dh {kerk 413 esxkokV gS ;g jkT; dks 19-8 fr- fctyh nku djrk gS
ckjka ftys esa fdruh {kerk dk rki fctyh?kj fuekZ.k/khu gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 esxkokV dk] eksrhiqjk&NcM+k ds lehiA
dokbZ FkeZy ikoj LVsku 1000 esxkokV dk fctyh?kj yxk;k tkuk dgka Lrkfor gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- dokbZ xko]vV: rglhyA
lgfj;k vkfnoklh cgqY; {ks= gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 'kkgckn vkSj fdkuxatA
jktLFkku ds jkT; i{kh xksMkou dks lkekU; Hkk"kk essa ckjka ftys esa fdl uke ls iqdkjrs gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- *eky eksjM+h*A
leLr elkyksa ds mRiknu dh n`f"V ls ckjka ftys dk jkT; es LFkku gS ------------------------------------- Fke A
gkFkh nhyksn D;k gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ;gka LFkkfir gkFkh dh frek ds dkj.k ckjka ftys ds ,d xko dk uke j[kk x;kA
~Page-29~
Hkjriqj laHkkx ds ftys %& Hkjriqj ftyk] lokbZek/kksiqj] djkSyh o /kksyiqjA
24- Hkjriqj ftyk

1- Hkjriqj ftys dks laHkkx cuk;k x;k ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 twu 2005 dksA
2- {ks=Qy ds vk/kkj ij jkT; dk lcls NksVk laHkkx gS --------------------------------------------------------------------- HkjriqjA
3- jktLFkku dk og vH;kj.; tks ty if{k;ksa dk LoxZ gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ dsoyknso jk"Vh; m|ku 29 oxZ fdeh-
4- jk"Vh; ljlksa vuqla/kku dsUnz fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lsoj&Hkjriqj A
5- fl) Lora=rk lsukuh xksihyky ;kno dk lEcU/k Fkk ---------------------------------------------------------------- Hkjriqj A
6- 1527 bZ- esa egkjk.kk lkaxk ,oa ckcj ds e/; [kkuok dk ;q) gqvk] [kkuok jkT; ds fdl ftys esa gS
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hkjriqj esaA
7- [kkuok Hkjriqj ftys esa dgka gS --------------------------------------------- xEHkhjh unh ads rV ij& :iokl rglhyA
8- tSo moZjd dk Fke dkj[kkuka dgka LFkkfir fd;k x;k ----------------------------------------------------------- Hkjriqj esaA
9- ty egyksa dh uxjh ds uke ls fl) gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Mhx&Hkjriqj A
10- fdkksjh egy dgka fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hkjriqj A
11- ckjg [kEHkksa dh Nrjh gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ c;kuk esaA
12- Mhx ds ty egy fdlds }kjk cuk;s x;s --------------------------------------------------------------------- egkjktk lwjteyA
13- ykaxqfj;k xhru`R; xk;s tkrs gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ dSyknsoh ds esys ijA
14- ftys dh eq[k ufn;ka gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ck.kaxaxk] xEHkhjh] o :ikjsyA
15- Hkjriqj dk dkSulk u`R; fl) gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ce u`R;A
16- dkSulh tutkfr Hkjriqj esa lokZf/kd ik;h tkrh gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------ lklhA
17- ukSVadh [;ky dgka dk fl) gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hkjriqj dkA
18- jktLFkku ds fdl ftys esa lkSj tkZ pkfyr feYd fpfyax IykaV fLFkr gS ------------------------ Hkjriqj esaA
19- cU/k ckjsBk vH;kj.; fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Hkjriqj esaA
20- fledks fcM+yk fyfeVsM] VhVhx< oSxUl] fledks oSxu QSDVh fLFkr gS -------------------------------- Hkjriqj esaA
21- Hkjriqj ftys esa eq[;r% dkSulh cksfy;ka cksyh tkrh gS --------------------------------------------------- esokrh vkSj cztA
22- tula[;k ?kuRo dh n`f"V ls Hkjriqj dk LFkku gS --------------------------------------------------------------------- nwljk 414
23- xaxk eafnj dgka fLFkr gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hkjriqj esaA
24- ukSVadh dh 'kq:vkr fdlus dh ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Mhx ds Hkwjh yky us A
25- xqykch jax dk laxejej dgka feyrk gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hkjriqj esA
26- czt egksRlo dc euk;k tkrk gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- gksyh ls igysA
27- jktLFkku esa lgdkjhrk dh 'kq:vkr dc gqbZ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1904 esaA
28- eqjkZg uLy dh HkSal dk tuu dsUnz fLFkr gS -------------------------- dqEgsj Hkjriqj jkT; dh iwoZ jkt/kkuh
29- yksgkx<+ fdyk nqxZ fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hkjriqj esaA
~Page-30~
30- jktLFkku dk osk}kj ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------ Hkjriqj ftys dksA
31- Hkjriqj ftys dk og fuoklh ftlus uoEcj 2004 esa ,d i`"B dk dSys.Mj cuk;k ftles djksM+
lky dh x.kuk ns[kh tk ldrh gS] og gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- xEHkhj flagA
25- lokbZ ek/kksiqj ftyk

1- pkSFk ekrk dk eafnj fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- pkSFk dk cjokM+kA
2- nsk ds ckjg T;ksfrfyZaxks dh ekU;rk gS] jkT; esa ckjgoka T;ksfrfyZax dgka vofLFkr gS------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ nZjlnk ds ikl fkokM+ esa A
3- vejsoj egknso dk eafnj gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- j.kFkEHkkSj jkLrs ijA
4- dkyk&xksjk HkSjo eafnj fLFkr gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- lokbZek/kksiqjA
5- j.kFkEHkkSj jk"Vh; m|ku fLFkr gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- lokbZek/kksiqj esaA
6- 32 [kEHkksa dh Nrjh dgka gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- j.kFkEHkkSj nqxZ esaA
7- lokbZ ekuflag oU;tho vH;kj.; dgka gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- lokbZek/kksiqj esaA
8- jktLFkku esa chgM+ Hkwfe dk lokZf/kd lkj fdl ftys esa gS ------------------------------------------ lokbZek/kksiqj esaA
9- j.kFkEHkkSj ck?k ifj;kstuk dk orZeku uke gS ------------------------------------------------- jktho xk/kh jk"Vh; m|kuA
10- jktLFkku dk lokbZek/kksiqj ftyk fdl Qy ds fy, fl) gS ---------------------------------------------------- ve:nA
11- ckoM+h dk fkykys[k gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vkyuiqj esaA
12- jktLFkku ds fdl vH;kj.; esa loZFke ck?k cpkvksa ifj;kstuk kjEHk dh xbZ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- j.kFkEHkkSj vH;kj.; esaA
13- jktLFkku dh f=us= x.ksk dh ewfrZ dgka gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- j.kFkEHkkSj esaA
14- 1301 bZ- esa jktLFkku ds fdl nqxZ esa lkdk gqvk Fkk ----------------------------------------------------- j.kFkEHkkSj nqxZ esaA
26- djkSyh ftyk

12345-
djkSyh dks jktLFkku dk 32 oka ftyk dc cuk;k c;k ------------------------------------------ 19 tqykbZ 1997 dksA
dSyknsoh vH;kj.; dk {ks=Qy gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 676-30 oxZ fdeh-A
jk"Vh; pEcy ?kfM+;ky vH;kj.; vofLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------- djkSyh esa74 fdeh-
jkT; dk vR;Ur fiNM+k xjhc ftyk gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- djkSyh ftykA
fl) fp=dkj jkexksiky fot;oxhZ; dk lEcU/k gS ---------------------------------------------- ckysj &djkSyh ftyk
~Page-31~
6- djkSyh jkT; lsod e.My dh LFkkiuk fdlus dh ------------------------------------------------ fpyksd pUnz ekFkqj usA
7- feh ls cuk cka/k gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ikapukA
8- ikapuk cka/k fdu ikp unh;ksa ds laxe ij fLFkr gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hknzkorh]ekph] vVk] cj[ksM+k o HkSalkoV ds laxe ijA
9- djkSyh dLcs esa dqy fdrus eafnj gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 250 yxHkxA
10- djkSyh fj;klr dh LFkkiuk fdlus dh ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ vtqZu flag usA
11- jkT; esa U;wure y?kq bdkbZ;ka gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- djkSyh ftys esaA
12- djkSyh fj;klr dh dqynsoh ekuh tkrh gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- dSyk nsoh dksA
13- jktLFkku jkT; dh igyh fj;klr tks MkfDVu vkWQ ykWIl ds rgr~ gLrxr gqbZ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- djkSyhA
14- enueksgu th eafnj fLFkr gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- djkSyh esaA
15- egkfkojk=h ikq esyk dgka vk;ksftr fd;k tkrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------- djkSyh esaA
16- egkohj Lokeh dk fl) eafnj fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ djkSyh esaA
27- /kksyiqj ftyk

1234567891011121314-
Hkkjr esa lcls cM+h ?kM+h lokZf/kd apkbZ ij dgka fLFkr gS ------------- fugky Vkoj ?k.Vk?kj /kksyiqjA
o"kZ 2003 dh i'kq x.kuk esa jkT; esa U;wure ikq lEink okyk ftyk gS --------------------------------------/kksyiqjA
nf{k.k dk }kjx<+ fdls dgk tkrk gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /kksyiqj dksA
fugky Vkoj dk fuekZ.k fdlus fd;k --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- baXySaM dh eSllZ ftysV tkWulu ksiMkWu uked dEiuh usA
/kksyiqj ftys ds bafnjk ikdZ esa fLFkr v"V /kkrq ls cuh og rksi ftldk out 14 lkS eu] 14 lSj
vkSj 14 NVkad gS rFkk mlls 14 lsj dk xksyk NksM+k tk ldrk gS ------------------------------- guqgqadkj rksiA
rhFkksZa dk HkkUtk fdls dgk tkrk gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- epdq.M dksA
jkT; esa uhEcw dgka ds lokZf/kd fl) gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ /kksyiqj dsA
/kksyiqj rki fctyh?kj ftldk uke j[kk x;k gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /kksyiqj xSl dEckb.M lkbfdy ikWoj LVsku xSl rki ij vk/kkfjr
rkykc&,&kkgh >hy fLFkr gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ckMh jksM+&/kksyiqjA
fl[kksa ds10 osa xq: xksfoUn flag 4 ekpZ 1662 dks Xokfy;j ls vkrs le; dgka Bgjs Fks ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- epdq.MA
jktLFkku dk lcls iwohZ ftyk gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /kksyiqjA
'ksjx<++ ds fdys dk fuekZ.k fdlus djok;k ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ekynso usA
{ks=Qy ds vk/kkj ij jkT; dk lcls NksVk ftyk gS --------------------------------------------------------------------- /kksyiqjA
/kksyiqj 'kgj fdl unh ds fdukjs clk gqvk gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------- pEcy unhA
~Page-32~
15- dey ds Qwy dk ckx fLFkr gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- epdq.M rhFkZa ds iklA

16- /kksyiqj ftys ls gksdj xqtjus okyk lcls NksVk jk"Vh; jktekxZ gS --------------------- jk"Vh; jktekxZ&3
mn;iqj laHkkx ds ftys % mn;iqj] cklokM+k] Mwaxjiqj] jktleUn] fpkkSM+x<+ o rkix<+ A
28- mn;iqj ftyk

123456789101112131415161718192021222324-
mn;iqj dh LFkkiuk fdlus dh -------------------------------------------------------------------- egkjk.kk mn;flag us 1959 esaA

lkse unha dk mn~xe LFky gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fcNkesM+k& mn;iqjA
Hkkjrh; csys dk tud dgk tkrk gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ia- mn;kadj dksA
tykk;ksa dh n`f"V ls mn;iqj ftys dk jkT; esa LFkku gS -------------------------------------------------------------- Fke A
fdu Qyksa dk lokZf/kd mRiknu mn;iqj ftys esa gksrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- iihrk] lhrkQy] vathj] ddM+hA
vnj[k vkSj gYnh dk lokZf/kd mRiknu dgka gksrk gS --------------------------------------------------- mn;iqj ftys esaA
csM+p unh dk mn~xe LFky gS --------------------------------------------------------------------- xksxqUnk dh igkM+h& mn;iqj A
gjk laxejej ik;k tkrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- mn;iqj ftysa esa A
ekulh&okdy ifj;kstuk lEcfU/kr gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------mn;iqj ls A
mn;iqj ftys esa dsUnh; ljdkj }kjk ifjpkfyr dkj[kkuk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fgUnqLrku ftad fyfeVsM]mn;iqjA
jktLFkku dh lcls cM+h ekuo fufeZr >hy gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- t;leUn
jkWd QkWLQsV ik;k tkrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ >kej dksVM+k&mn;iqjA
dsUn ljdkj }kjk lapkfyr tLrk 'kks/kd la;a= fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------ nsckjh&mn;iqjA
lkl&cgq dk eafnj fLFkr gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ukxnkA
txfuokl ,oa txeafnj egy dgka gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fiNksyk >hy esa A
jktLFkku dk ,dek= nqX/k foKku egkfo/kky; fdl ftys esa fLFkr gS -------------------------------- mn;iqj esaA
_"kHknso] dslfj;kukFkth@dkykth dk kphu tSu eafnj fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /kqyso] [ksjokMk+&_"kHknsoA
HkSal tuu ,oa vuqla/kku dsUnz fLFkr gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------- oYyHkuxj&mn;iqjA
jktLFkkuh Hkk"kk xzUFk vdkneh gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- mn;iqj esa
jktLFkku esa ydM+h dh dBiqrfy;ka lokZf/kd dgka cukbZ tkrh gS ---------------------------------------- mn;iqj esaA
og >hy ftlesa ,d Vkiw ij vkblySaM fjlksVZ uked gksVy cuk;k x;k gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- t;leUn >hy esaA
jkT; esa lhlk&tLrk mRiknu dk eq[k dsUnz gS ------------------------------------------------- tkoj [kkusa &mn;iqjA
lqfl) lkjaxh oknd &ia- jkeukjk;.k ftUgsa iJh vkSj iHkw"k.k ls vyar fd;k x;k] fdl
ftys ls lEcfU/kr gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- mn;iqjA
lokZf/kd ou {ks= dh n`f"V ls jkT; dk igyk ftyk gS ----------------------------------------------------------mn;iqj 16%
~Page-33~
25262728293031-
jkT; esa lokZf/kd tSu vkcknh okyk ftyk gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- mn;iqj A

jkT; esa lokZf/kd xk;sa dgka ikbZ tkrh gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- mn;iqj A
lokZf/kd tutkfr;k jkT; ds fdl ftys esa fuokl djrh gS ---------------------------------------------------- mn;iqjA
esokM+ egksRlo euk;k tkrk gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- mn;iqj esaA
Hkkjrh; yksd dyk e.My fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- mn;iqj esaA
1964 esa fk{kk vk;ksx dksBkjh dehku ds v/;{k dkSu Fks ------------------------------- MkW- nkSyrflag dksBkjhA
MkW- nkSyrflag dksBkjh tUe dc o dgka gqvk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- lu~ 1906 esa mn;iqj esaA
32- vk/kqfud jktLFkku ds fuekZrk tks lcls yEch vof/k rd eq[;ea=h jgs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ eksguyky lq[kkfM+;k 18 o"kZ rd
29- cklokM+k ftyk

123456789101112131415161718-
jktLFkku esa eSXuht mRiknu dh n`f"V ls ckalokM+k ftys dk LFkku gS ------------------------------------------ FkeA
vkfnoklh {ks= dh lcls cM+h unh ?kkVh ifj;kstuk gS -------------------------------------- ekgh ctkt lkxj cka/kA
ddZ js[kk fdl ftys ls gksdj xqtjrh gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------ cklokM+k ftys lsA
lkxoku jksi.k gsrw lcls mi;qDr ftys gS ---------------------------------------------------------------- cklokM+k o mn;iqj A
jkT; esa lksus dh [kkst dk dk;Z fdl LFkku ij xfr ij gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vkuUniqjh Hkwfd;k {ks= o frekj.k ekrk A
cklokM+k ftys esa Lo.kZ Hk.Mkj fdl dEiuh }kjk [kksts x, gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- baMks xksYM fyfeVsM vkLVsfy;k
vkfnoklh yksaxks esa tkx`fr iSnk djus ds fy, xksfoUn xq: fdl ftys ls lEcfU/kr gS --- cklokM+k A
jkT; esa lokZf/kd dsyksa dk mRiknu dgka gksrk gS ----------------------------------------------------- cklokM+k ftys esaA
tula[;k dh n`f"V ls lokZf/kd tutkfr fuokl djrh gS -------------------------------------------------- cklokM+k esaA
ckxM+ {ks= ds vUrZxr vkrs gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- cklokM+k o MqaxjiqjA
jkT; dk lcls NksVk uxj gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- cksj[ksM+kA
crd pwtk mRiknu dsUnz fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- cklokM+k esaA
lkS }hiksa dk 'kgj dgykrk gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- cklokM+kA
bZlkbZ /keZ ds O;fDr;ksa dh lokZf/kd laa[;k fuokl djrh gS ------------------------------------- cklokM+k ftys esaA
jkT; dk lcls de lk{kjrk okyk ftyk gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- cklokM+kA
jktLFkku fo/kkulHkk ds ,dek= lnL; tks jkT; esa lokZf/kd 10 ckj yxkrkj fo/kk;d pqus x, ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ gfjnso tkskh& cklokM+kA
jkT; dh Fke efgyk fo/kk;d pquh xbZ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ;kksnk nsohA
?kksfV;k vEck dk esyk dc o dgka Hkjrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- pS= veko;k ls nwt rd ?kksfV;k vEck ,cxhnksjk iapk;r lfefr
~Page-34~
30- Mwxjiqj ftyk

1- ckxM+ dk iq"dj rFkk vkfnokfl;ksa dk dqEHk dgk tkus okyk *os.ksoj esyk* dgka yxrk gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Mqaxjiqj esaA
2- nkmnh cksgjk leqnk; dk ifo= rhFkZ LFky gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- xkfy;kdksVA
3- LdU/k iqjk.k esa ckxM+ nsk dk fdl uke ls mYys[k fd;k x;k gS ---------------------------- dqekfjdk [k.MA
4- jkT; dk igyk vkfnoklh ftyk ] ftls iw.kZ lk{kj ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k gS --------------------------------- MwxjiqjA
5- jkT; esa lokZf/kd fyaxkuqikr okyk ftyk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MwxjiqjA
6- jkT; esa vuqlwfpr tkfr dh lcls de vkcknh okyk ftyk gS ---------------------------------------------------- MwxjiqjA
7- egkjkuh ckoM+h dgka gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Mwxjiqj esaA
8- jkT; esa lokZf/kd xzkeh.k tula[;k dh n`f"V ls Mwxjiqj ftys dk LFkku gS ------------- nwljk 92-76%
9- jktLFkku ds fuekZ.k ds le; jkT; dk lcls NksVk ftyk Fkk ----------------------------------------------------- MwxjiqjA
10- uoy [kk ckoM+h dk fuekZ.k fdlus djok;k Fkk --------------------------------------------------------------------- hey nsoh usA
11- igkM+ksa dh uxjh fdls dgk tkrk gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Mwxjiqj dksA
12- ckxM+ dh ehjka ds uke ls fl) gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------- xojha ckbZ ".k HkfDr
13- dhrZu ekyk uked xzUFk ftlesa 801 in gSa ] ;g xzUFk fdlus fy[kk ------------------------------ xojh ckbZ usA
14- xojh ckbZ us ;equk unh esa ty lek/kh dc yh ---------------------------------------------------------------------- lu~ 1818 esaA
15- xojha ckbZ dk eafnj dgka gS ------------------------------------------------------------- egkjkoy lh-lS- ek- fo/kky; ds iklaA
16- ckxM+ ds xk/kh *Hkksxhyky ik.M;k* fdl ftys ds jgus okys Fks ------------------------------------ Mwxjiqj fuoklhA
17- iwoZ esa ckxM+ dh jkt/kkuh dkSulk nsk Fkk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ cMks+nkA
18- jktLFkku ds fofHkUu ftyksa esa 1901 ls 1991 rd tula[;k dh lokZf/kd o`f) ftl ftys esa gqbZ
]og gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MwxjiqjA
19- xSi lkxj Hkksiky lkxj fLFkr gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Mwxjiqj
20- dkyhckbZ efgyk lk{kjrk mUu;u iqjLdkj fdlds lEeku esa fn;k tkrk gS ------------------------- dkyhckbZA
21- lksu&deyk&vEck flapkbZ ifj;kstuk fdl ftys esa fLFkr gS -------------------------------------------------- Mwxjiqj esaA
22- Hkkjrh; lafo/kku lHkk ds lnL; rFkk gsx fLFkr vUrjkZ"Vh; U;k;ky; esa nks ckj U;k;/khk jgs og
O;fDr ftUgsa lu~ 1973 esa ifoHkw"k.k ls vyar fd;k x;k ----------------------------------------- MkW- uxsUnz flagA
23- n F;ksjh vkWQ QkslZ fgUnw ikWfyVh iqLrd dh jpuk fdlus dh -------------------------------- MkW- uxsUnz flag usA
24- os.ksoj /kke fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------- lkse] ekgh rFkk tk[ke unh;ksa ds laxe ijA
25- xkfy;kdksV dk mlZ fdldh ;kn esa o dc Hkjrk gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- lS;n Q[k:hu dh ;kn esa 27 osa eqgjZe ijA
26- jkT; esa lcls vf/kd yksjkbM ik;k tkrk gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Mwxjiqj dh ekaMksa dh iky dh [kkuksa esaA
27- Mwaxfj;k Fkk ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ,d Hkhy ljnkjA
28- esoy {ks= fLFkr gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Mwxjiqj o cklokM+k ds chpA
~Page-35~
29- ekek&HkkUtk dk eafnj fLFkr gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- cM+kSn xko dh ?kkVh esaA

30- flag okfguh /kauekrk ,oa dkyh ekrk dk eafnj fLFkr gS -------------------------------------------------------- Mwxjiqj esaA
31- jktlean ftyk

1- jktleUn ftyk dc cuk;k x;k ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 10 vSy 1991 dksA
2- esokM+ dh bfrgkl fl) j.kLFkyh& gYnh?kkVh fdl ftys esa gS ------------------------------------------- jktleUnA
3- dqEHkyx<+ vH;kj.; ikyh o jktleUn ftys esa yxHkx 586 oxZ fdeh- esa Qsyk gqvk gS ]bls oU;
vH;kj.; dc ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1971 esaA
4- jktLFkku esa vUudwV egksRlo dgka dk fl) gS ----------------------------- Jh ukFkth dk eafnj ]jktleUn A
5- oS".ko lEnk; dk pkj Hkqtkth dk eafnj dgka gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------- [keukSjA
6- ukSpkSdh uked LFkku dkSulh >hy ij gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ jktlean >hyA
7- >kyk eUuk eqxy lsuk ls yM+rs gq, 'kkgh ckx esa fdldk rkt igus gq, 'kghn gks x, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- egkjk.kk rki dkA
8- pS=h xqykc LFkku dgka gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- gYnh?kkVh esaA
9- oYyHk lEnk; dk lqfl) /keZLFky JhukFk}kjk dgka gS ----------------------------------------- jktleUn ftys esaA
10- ,p- vkbZ- oh- ,M~l ukWFk eksckby lsUVj jkT; dk igyk lsUVj dgka LFkkfir gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ jktleUn ftys esaA
11- jktLFkku esa Vk;j&V~;wc cukus dk lcls cM+k dkj[kkuk dgka fLFkr gS --------------------------- dkadjksyh esaA
12- egkjk.kk rki ds Lokeh&HkDr ?kksM+s psrd dh lekf/k LFky gS ----------------------------------------------- gYnh?kkVhA
13- Hkxoku }kfjdk/khk ".k dk HkO; eafnj egkjktk jktflag }kjk lu~ 1671 esa dkadjksyh esa cuk;k
x;k] ;g fdl lEnk; dk eq[k rhFkZ LFky gS --------------------------------------------------------- oS".ko lEnk; dkA
14- jktleUn >hy ds ikl fdl LFkku ij iPphl fkykys[k esa laLr Hkk"kk esa esokM+ dk bfrgkl
mRdh.kZ gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ukSpkSdhA
15- jktLFkku esa lQsn laxejej dh mRiknu dh n`f"V ls jkT; esa Fke gS ------------- edjkuk&jktleUnA
16- dqEHkyx< nqxZ fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- dqEHkyx<A
17- oYyHk lEnk; dh /kku ihB fiBokbZ dyk ds fy, fl) gS ];g dgka gS -------------------- ukFk}kjk esaA
18- dksBkjh unh dk mn~xe LFky gS --------------------------------------------- jktleUn ds mkj esa fnosj uked LFkkuA
19- lu~ 1991 ls 2001 ds chp nkdh; tula[;k o`f) nj jkT; esa lcls de fdl ftys esa gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- jktleUn 19-88
~Page-36~
32- fpkkSM+x<+ ftyk

1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526-
jktLFkku ds xkSjo ds uke ls fo[;kr fpkkSM+x<+ dks fdlus clk;k Fkk ------------------ fp=kaxu ekS;Z usA
jkT; esa lokZf/kd pwuk iRFkj ik;k tkrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------- fpkkSM+x<+ esaA
cLlh vH;kj.; fdl ftys esa fLFkr gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- fpkkSM+x<+ ftyas esaA
fpkkSM+x<+ ftys dk iqjkuk uke D;k gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fp=dwVA
jkT; dh Fke futh {ks= dh phuh fey lu~ 1932 esa dgka LFkkfir dh xbZ -------------- fpkkSM+x<+ esaA
ts- ds- lhesUV dk dkj[kkuk dgka gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fuEckgsM+kA
vkSjkbZ flapkbZ ifj;kstuk dk lEcU/k fdl ftys ls gS ---------------------------------------------------------- fpkkSM+x<+ lsA
jktLFkku dk dkSulk ftyk lhesUV dk lcls cM+k mRiknd gS -------------------------------------------- fpkkSM+x<+A
HkSaljks<+x< vH;kj.; fLFkr gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fpkkSM+x<+ esaA
jk.kk rkilkxj ck/k o iu fctyh?kj fLFkr gS ----------------------------------------------------------------- pEcy unh ijA
psrd Nki lhesUV dk dkj[kkuk fLFkr gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fpkkSM+x<+ esaA
esuky uked LFkku fdl ftys esa gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fpkkSM+x<+ esaA
jkT; ds fdl 'kgj esa ijek.kq tkZ la;a= fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------- jkorHkkVkA
vQhe dk lokZf/kd mRiknu djus okyk ftyk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------- fpkkSM+x<+
fot; LrEHk fdl fdys esa fLFkr gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fpkkSM+ nqxZ esaA
x<ksa dk fljekSj fdls dgk tkrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------ fpkkSM+x<+ ds fdys dksA
jk.kk dqEHkk dk egy fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fpkkSM+x<+ esaA
egkjk.kk dqEHkk dh jktdqekjh ds fookg dh paojh vFkkZr ik.khxzg.k laLdkj dk LFky gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Jàxkj paojhA
ek/;fedk uxjh fdl ftys esa fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fpkkSM+x<+ esaA
HkDr fkjksef.k ehjka ckbZ dk tUe dc o dgka gqvk ----------------------------------------------------- 1503 esa esMrk esaA
dhfrZLrEHk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ vkfnukFk dk LekjdA
jktLFkku ds gfj}kj ds :i esa fl) LFkku gS --------------------------------------------------------------------- ekr`dqf.M;kA
ekr`dqf.M;k esyk dc o dgka Hkjrk gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- oSkk[kh iwf.kZek dks gjukiiqjk jkkeh iapk;r lfefr
fczVsu ds lg;ksx ls ,fk;k dk lcls cM+k ftad LisYVj la;a= dgka fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ pUnsfj;k esaA
cLlh vH;kj.; eq[;r% fdlds fy, fl) gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------- ck?kksa ds fy,A
ykSgs ,oa fudy ls cuk gqvk fpkkSM+x<+ ds fdl xko esa vkdkk ls mYdk fi.M fxjk ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- dojiqjkA
~Page-37~
33- rkix<+ ftyk

1- rkix<+ jktLFkku dk dkSulk ftyk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 33 ok ftykA
2- rkix<+ ftyk dc xfBr fd;k x;k ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 26 tu- 2008 dksA
3- rkix<+ dks ftyk cukus o ntkZ nsus ds fy, dkSulh desVh xfBr dh xbZ Fkh ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ijesk pUnz desVhA
4- rkix<+ ftys dks fdu ftyksa ds rglhy vFkok mi[k.M dks feykdj xfVr fd;k x;k --------1 rkix<+ ] NksVh lknM+h ] o vjuksn fpkkSM+x<+ dh rglhy
2 ihiy[kwaV cklokM+k dk mirglhy
3 /kfj;kon mn;iqj ftys dh rglhy@mi[k.M
5- rkix<+ ftys es dqy fdrus mi[k.M gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
rkix<+ ]vjuksn ]NksVh lknM+h o /kfj;kon
6- mM+u fxygjh ds fy, fl) vH;kj.; lhrkekrk vH;kj.; fLFkr gS -------------------------------- rkix< esaA
7- rkix<+ dh kphu jkt/kkuh Fkh ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- nsox<+ nsofy;k
8- mejko&uxkjcUn Fks --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Fke Js.kh ds tkxhjnkjA
9- rst lkxj rstksyk rkykc fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- nsox< esaA
10- exjk Fkk ----------------------------------- rkix<+ jkT; dk mkjh o mkjh&ifpeh {ks= dk ,d&frgkbZ HkkxA
11- rkix<+ uxj dh LFkkiuk egkjk.kk rkiflag us fdl LFkku ij dh Fkh ------------------ MksMsfj;k [ksM+kA
12- dkaBy nsk ds uke ls fl) gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ rkix<+ ftykA
13- lksusyk rkykc fLFkr gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- nsofy;k esaA
14- Fksok dyk D;k gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- dkap ij lksus dh uDdkkhnkj fp=dkjhA
15- Fksok dyk dks tUe nsus dk Js; fdls tkrk gS --------------------------------------------------------------- ukFkwth lksuh dksA
16- Hkaojekrk eafnj fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NksVh lknM+h esaA
~Page-38~
jktLFkku lkekU; Kku

fofo/k rF;
jkt0 HkkSxksfyd ]lkaLd`frd] /kkfeZd] jktuSfrd] ,sfrgkfld o lelkef;d xfrfof/k;ka o lkekU; tkudkjhA
Figure 1: Rajasthan Districts Map
~Page-39~
fofo/k rF;
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jktLFkku yksd lsok vk;ksx dk xBu fd;k x;k --------------------------------------------- 20 vxLr 1949 vtesj
jktLFkku yksd lsok vk;ksx ds izFke v/;{k ----------------------------------------------------------------- lj ,l- ds- ?kks"k A
jktLFkku yksd lsok vk;ksx ds orZeku v/;{k --------------------------------------------------------------- gchc [kku xkSjkuA
jktLFkku fuokZpu vk;ksx dk xBu fd;k x;k ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1994
26 tuojh 2008 dks izrkix<+ jkT; dk 33 oka ftyk cuk;k c;k gS] bls fdu ftyksa ds {ks=ksa dks
ysdj xfBr fd;k x;k gS ------------------------------------------------------------------- mn;iqj] ckalokM+k ,oa fpkkSM+x<+A
Hkkjr dk igyk Hkwfexr ijek.kq ijh{k.k dc o dgka gqvk& ------------- 18 ebZ 1974 iksdj.k&tSlyesjA
Hkkjr dk nwljk Hkwfexr ijek.kq ijh{k.k dc o dgka gqvk&
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 o 13 ebZ 1998 [ksrksykbZiksdj.k&tSlyesjA
12 oha fo/kkulHkk dh v/;{k] 9 ckj fo/kk;d dk pquko ftrus okyh ,dek= efgyk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- lqfe=k flag >qa>quw
bfUnjk efgyk ;kstuk dk orZeku uke ------------------------------------------ ,dhd`r efgyk lkDrhdj.k ;kstukA
jkT; ekuokf/kdkj vk;ksx dk xBu fd;k x;k ------------------------------------------ ------18 tuojh 1999t;iqjA
jkT; ekuokf/kdkj vk;ksx ds orZeku v/;{k ----------------------------------------------------------------------- &Jh ,u-ds-tSuA
jkT; efgyk vk;ksx dk xBu fd;k x;k -------------------------------------------------------------- 15 ebZ 1999 t;iqj A
jkT; efgyk vk;ksx dh izFke v/;{k ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Jherh dkark [krwfj;kA
jkT; efgyk vk;ksx dh orZeku v/;{k ----------------------------------------------------------------------- izks- ykM dqekjh tSuA
jk"Vh; efgyk vk;ksx dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ ------------- ---------------------------------- 31 tuojh 1992ubZ fnYyhA
jkT; ljdkj dks fof/kd ekeyksa esa lykg nsus ,oa U;k;ky; esa mldk izfrfuf/kRo djus okys
egkf/koDrk dh fu;qfDr dkSu djrk gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- jkT;ikyA
13 oha fo/kkulHkk esa pqus x;s jkT; ds eq[;ea=h ---------------------------------------------- vkksd xgyksr 8-12-2008
jkT; dh igyh vkoyk ulZjh dgka LFkkfir dh tk;sxh ------------------------------------------------------------- vtesj esaA
jkT; dk ,dek= vYila[;d fk{kd izfk{k.k egkfo|ky; MkW - tkdhj gqlSu eqfLye
ekbuksfjVh ch-,M- dkWyst dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- >kykokM+A
jkT; dk igyk vkbZ-Vh- Lisky bdksuksfed tksu SEZ fdl dEiuh }kjk LFkkfir fd;k
tk jgk gS --------------------------------------------------------------- efgUnzk ,.M efgUnzk dEiuh }kjk vtesaj jksM+&t;iqjA
jktLFkku ds eSupsLVj ds :i esa izfl) HkhyokM+k 'kgj esa lst SEZ dh LFkkiuk fdl
dEiuh }kjk dh tk;sxh --------------------------------------------------------------------------- psrd ,aVjizkbZtst izk0 fyfeVsMA
jkT; dk igyk gkbZVsd Mkd/kj dgk 'kq: fd;k x;k -------------------------------------------------- iq"dj 28-10-2006
Hkkjr o ikfdLrku ds e/; equkcko ckMesj o [kks[kkikj ikfdLrku jsy ekxZ ij
17 Qjojh 2006 dks izkjaHk dh xbZ jsyxkM+h ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Fkkj ,DlizslA
jkT; dk igyk dkj IykaV dgka LFkkfir fd;k tk;sxk -------------------------------- [kqk[ksM+k&vyoj 24-01-07
jkT; esa LihM iksLV dh 'kq:vkr dh xbZ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15 uoEcj 1986
chdkusj dh fpYdk Mkd iz.kkyh lEcfU/kr gS& -------------------------------------------- ghyh;s xzkfQd midj.k lsA
Hkkjrh; Fky lsuk dh uoha deku&nf{k.kh ifpeh deku dk eq[;ky; fLFkr gS&
t;iqj esaA
jkT; yksd lsok vk;ksx ds v/;{k dh fu;qfDr dkSu djrk gS
---------------------------------------- eq[;ea=h A
~Page-40~
29 orZeku fo/kkulHkk/;{k dkSu gSa ----------------------------------------------- nhisUnz flsg 'ks[kkor 2 tuojh 2009 ls
30 jktLFkku yksd lsok vk;ksx esa dqy fdrus lnL; gSa& ----------------------------------------- 1 v/;{k o 7 lnL;A
31 jkT; yksd lsok vk;ksx ds v/;{k o lnL;ksa dks 'kiFk fnykbZ tkrh gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- jkT; ds eq[; U;k;k/khk }kjkA
32 vk/kqfud jktLFkku ds fuekZrk ekus tkrs gS
------------------------------------------------------- eksguyky lq[kkfM+;kA
33 jktLFkku jkT; miHkksDrk vk;ksx dk eq[;ky; dgka LFkkfir gS\ -------------------------------------------- t;iqj esaA
34 jktLFkku jkT; miHkksDrk laj{k.k vk;ksx dk xBu dc fd;k x;k ----------------------------------- 26 ebZ 1988
35 jktiwrkuk ds HkkSxksfyd {ks= dks fof/kor :i ls jktLFkku uke fn;k x;k -------------------- 26 tu-1950
36 fdl jkT; esa rhuksa loksZPp laoS/kkfud in ,d le; efgykvksa ds ikl jgs ------------------------ jktLFkkuA
37 jktLFkku esa loksZn;h vkUnksyu ds iz.ksrk Fks ----------------------------------------------------------------------- fl)jkt <M~<kA
38 jktLFkku esa dk;Zjr Hkkjrh; izkklfud lsok ds vf/kdkfj;ksa dk p;u dkSu djrk gS
& la?k yksd lsok vk;ksxA
39 jkT; dk 32 oka ftyk djkSyh dc vfLrRo esa vk;k\ ------------------------------------------------- 19 tqykbZ 1997 A
40 xqtZj vkUnksyu dh 'kq:vkr dc gqbZ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 23 ebZ 2008
41 oSV iz.kkyh jktLFkku esa dc ykxq dh xbZ ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 vizSy 2006 lsA
42 thou dkSky fk{kk ykxq djus okyk nsk dk igyk jkT; gS ------------------------------------------------- jktLFkku A
43 Hkkjr dk izFke efgyk fof/k egkfo/kky; gS& ------------ egkRek T;ksfr jko Qwys e-fof/k egk- MJRP
44 jktLFkku esa lseQsDl ;kstuk fdlls lEcfU/kr gS ---------------------------------------------------------------- HkwriwoZ lSfudA
45 fdkksj ckfydkvksa dks thou dkSky fk{kk iznku djus gsrw ykxq dh xbZ ;kstuk&
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------nqykj ;kstukA
46 loZ fk{kk vfHk;ku esa Hkkjr o jkT; ljdkj dh Hkkxhnkjh dk vuqikr gS --------------------------------- 65 % 35
47 feM&Ms&ehy ;kstuk dh 'kq:vkr dc dh xbZ ------------------------------------------------------------------- 15 vxLr 1995
48 xq:&fe= ;kstuk ds fy, vkfFkZd lgk;rk feyrh gS --------------------------------------------------------------- ;wfulsQ lsA
49 nsk esa *thou dkSky fk{kk* ykxq djus okyk izFke jkT; gS --------------------------------------------------- jktLFkku A
50 jkT; esa yksd tqfEck ifj;kstuk fdlds lg;ksx ls izkjEHk dh xbZ Fkh ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LohMu o Hkkjr ljdkjA
51 iznsk esa lw[kk cUnjxkg ICD&buysaM daVsuj fMiks dgka cusxk&
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------fdkux<+&jkoBk jksM+] dksVkA
52 5 fleEcj 2006 dks dksVk lqij FkeZy ikoj LVsku dh dkSulh bdkbZ dk fkykU;kl fd;k
x;k --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NBhaA
53 jkT; dk igyk VSDlVkbZy ikdZ LFkkfir fd;k tk jgk gS --------------------------------------- flyksjk fdkux<+
54 jkT; dh nkoha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk dk izeq[k y{; Fkk -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 izfrkr vkfFkZd fodkl nj izkIr djuk
55 lexz vkokl ;kstuk ds rgr jkT; ds fdl LFkku dk p;u fd;k x;k gS &---------------- nwnw t;iqj
56 DPIP dk iwjk uke gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ftyk xjhch mUewyu ;kstuk A
57 LokLF; psruk ;k=k dh 'kq:vkr dh xbZ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 fnlEcj 2006
58 jkT; ljdkj us fdl foHkkx dk uke cnydj *lkekftd U;k; o vf/kdkfjrk foHkkx* j[k
fn;k ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- lekt dY;k.k foHkkx 2 ekpZ 2007
59 jk"Vh; xzkeh.k LokLF; feku dh 'kq:vkr jkT; esa dc dh xbZ ----------------------- 30 ebZ 2005&t;iqjA
~Page-41~
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jktLFkku esa oSV iz.kkyh viukbZ xbZ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 vizSy 2006

jktLFkku jkT; fookg dk iathdj.k vfuok;Z djus okyk ---------------------------------------------------- rhljk jkT;A
jkT; dk izFke ljiap lEesyu dgk gqvk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- tks/kiqjA
fk{kk dks iapk;rh jkt ls tksM+us ds fy, xfBr dh xbZ lfefr -------------------------------- dVkfj;k lfefrA
LekVZ dkMZ ;kstuk dh 'kq:vkr fdl ftys ls dh xbZ ------------------------------------------------------------- >kykokM+ A
LekVZ dkMZ ;kstuk fdrus ftyksa esa ykxq gqbZa ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 25 ftyksa esaA
i;ZVu foHkkx dk u;k ykWxks ------------------------------------------------------------------- jktLFkku Hkkjr dk vrqY; jkT;A
ljiap] iz/kku o ftyk izeq[k dks dkSulk vf/kdkj 12 vDVwcj 2005 dks feyk -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- lwpuk dk vf/kdkjA
Vkblse ;kstuk lacfU/kr gS -------------------------------------------- xzkeh.k ;qokvksa dks O;olkf;d izfk{k.k ;kstukA
ujsxk NREGP& jk"Vh; xzkeh.k jkstxkj xkjaVh ;kstuk dk 'kqHkkjaEHk jkT; esa dc o
dgk fd;k x;k ----------------------------------------- 2 Qjojh 2006 ekdM+knso xzke iapk;r] >kyksM+ &mn;iqjA
ujsxk esa loZizFke N% ftyksa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k os gSa& --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ckalokM+k] Mqaxjiqj] djkSyh] >kykokM+] fljksgh o mn;iqjA
i;ZVu iqfyl ;kstuk dk izkjEHk dgka o dc fd;k x;k &
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------vkesj o tarj&earj t;iqj esa 1 vxLr 2008 dksA
jkT; dh igyh efgyk ik;yV --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- uezrk HkV~VA
jkT; ds izFke jkT;iky xoZuj ------------------------------------------------------------------------ljnkj xq:eq[k fugkyflagA
jkT; dh izFke efgyk jkT;iky xoZuj ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- izfrHkk ikfVyA
jkT; ds izFke eq[;ea=h ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ghjkyky 'kkL=hA
jkT; dh izFke efgyk eq[;ea=h ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- olqU/kjk jkts flaf/k;kaA
jkT; ds izFke fuokZfpr eq[;ea=h ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Vhdkjke ikyhokyA
jkT; ds izFke fo/kkulHkk/;{k -------------------------------------------------- ujkske yky tkskh >qU>quw ls fuokZfprA
jkT; dh izFke efgyk fo/kkulHkk/;{k ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- lqfe=k flagA
jkT; ds izFke efgyk ea=h ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- deyk csuhokyA
jkT; dh igyh efgyk fo/kk;d ----------------------------------------------------- Jhefr ;kksnk nsoh ckalokM+k 1953A
jktLFkku ds izFke eq[; U;k;k/khk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Jh dey dkar oekZA
jkT; ds izFke fuokZpu vk;qDr ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Jh vej flag jkBksM+A
jkT; ds izFke eq[; lrdZrk vk;qDr ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Jh vkj- ds- uk;jA
jkT; ls pquh xbZ izFke efgyk yksdlHkk lnL; ----------------------------------------------------- egkjkuh xk;=h nsohA
jkT; dh igyh efgyk lkaln --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Jherh 'kkjnk HkkxZo 1952
jktLFkku ls dsUnzh; ea=h ifj"kn esa 'kkfey gksus okyh izFke efgyk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------lqJh MkW fxfjtk O;kl 1991
jktLFkku fo/kkulHkk Hkou fLFkr gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- T;ksfruxj&t;iqjA
fo/kkulHkk Hkou esa mkjh izosk }kj esa dkSulh 'kSyh gS ---------------------------------------------------------- t;iqj 'kSyh
fo/kkulHkk Hkou esa nf{k.kh izosk }kj esa dkSulh 'kSyh gS ----------------------------------------------------- ekjokM+h 'kSyh
fo/kkulHkk Hkou esa iwohZ izosk }kj esa dkSulh 'kSyh gS ------------------------------------------------------ 'ks[kkokVh 'kSyh
fo/kkulHkk Hkou esa ifpeh izosk }kj esa dkSulh 'kSyh gS ------------------------------------------------------ esokM+ 'kSyhA
izFke fo/kkulHkk pquko esa dqy lnL; fdrus Fks\ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 160
~Page-42~
94 fo/kkulHkk lnL;ksa dh la[;k 200 dj nh xbZ ------------------------------------------------ 1977 fo- lHkk pquko esa A
95 lEiw.kZ nsk esa ,dek= fo/kk;d tks izFke nl fo/kkulHkk pqukvksa esa yxkrkj thrs -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Jh gjnso tkskhA
96 fdl fo/kkulHkk pquko esa dkaxzsl dks igyh ckj 3@4 cgqer feyk -------------------------- 11 osa 153 lhVsa
97 fdl yksdlHkk pquko esa jkT; esa dkaxzsl us 25 lhVsa thrha -------------------------------------------------------8 osa 1985a
98 fdl yksdlHkk pquko esa jkT; esa dkaxzsl us ,d Hkh lhV ugha thrha ----------------9 osa 1989a
99 jkT; ds lokZf/kd vof/k rd eq[;ea=h cuus okys&eksguyky lq[kkfM+;k pkj ckjA
100 lcls de vof/k rd eq[;ea=h cuus okys -------------------------------------------------------- ghjkyky nsoiqjk 16 fnu
101 igys e/;kof/k pquko dc gq, ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1980 esa
102 ,dek= vYila[;d eq[;ea=h ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- cjdrqYyk [kkaA
103 vuqlwfpr tkfr ls jkT; ds igys eq[;ea=h ------------------------------------ Jh txUukFk igkfM+;kA
104 jkT; ds igys xSj dkaxzslh eq[;ea=h ------------------------------- HkSajksflag 'ks[kkor 22 twu 1977
105 fdl fo/kkulHkk esa efgyk lnL;ksa dh la[;k vc rd dh lokZf/kd la[;k gS ------------------------- vkBohaA
106 jkT; ls lokZf/kd ckj pquh xbZ efgyk yksdlHkk lnL; -------------------------------------- Jherh olqU/kjk jktsA
107 jkT; ls vuqlwfpr tkfr dh izFke efgyk yksdlHkk lnL; ---------------------lqkhyk caxk:tkykSj] 2004
108 jkT; ls vuqlwfpr tu tkfr dh izFke efgyk yksdlHkk lnL; --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Jherh m"kk nsoh eh.kk lokbZek/kksiqj
109 jktLFkku ls dsUnzh; ea=heaMy esa izFke dsfcusV ea=h Fks -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Jh dkywyky Jhekyh1958&1963
110 jktLFkku ls lokZf/kd ckj fuokZfpr jkT;lHkk lnL; ----------------------------- Jh jkefuokl fe?kkZ pkj ckj
111 jktLFkku ls lokZf/kd ckj fuokZfpr efgyk jkT;lHkk lnL; -- Jherh 'kkjnk HkkxZo 1952
112 jktLFkku ds izFke lwpuk vk;qDr ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ,e- Mh- dksjkohA
113 tks/kiqj dh pkeq.Mk ekrk eafnj gknlk dc gqvk ------------------------------------------------------------ 30 flrEcj 2008
114 feM&Ms&ehy ;kstuk esa xsgw izfr Nk= ds fglkc ls fn;k tkrk gS
izkFkfed Lrj ij---------------------- 100 xzke@Nk=
mPp izkFkfed Lrj ij---------------------- 150 xzke@Nk=
115 feM&Ms&ehy ;kstuk esa Hkkstu cukus ds fy, izfr Nk= ds fglkc ls fn;k tkrk gS
izkFkfed Lrj ij---------------------- 2-08 :i;s @Nk= izfrfnuA
mPp izkFkfed Lrj ij---------------------- 2-60 :i;s @Nk= izfrfnuA
116 feM&Ms&ehy ;kstuk esa Hkkstu esa izfr Nk= ds fglkc ls fn;k tkrk gS
izkFkfed Lrj ij---------------------- 450 dSyksjh ,oa 12 xzke izksVhu
mPp izkFkfed Lrj ij---------------------- 700 dSyksjh ,oa 20 xzke izksVhu
117 *jkB {ks=* fdl ftys esa gS\ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vyoj esaA
118 vkWfj;UVy fjlpZ bULVhV~;wV fdl ftys esa fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------ t;iqj esaA
119 jkT; izkklu o 'kklu lfpoky; dk eqf[k;k gksrk gS --------------------------------------------------------- eq[; lfpoA
120 jkT; dk igyk efgyk iqfyl Fkkuk dgka LFkkfir fd;k x;k\ ------------------------t;iqj 8 ekpZ 1989A
121 jkT; dh igyh jktLFkkuh fQYe ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- utjkuk futjk.kksA
122 jkT; dh igyh jktLFkkuh cky fQYe --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Mqxj jks HksnA
123 jkT; dh igyh jktLFkkuh jaxhu fQYe ------------------------------------------------------------------- ykt jk[kks jk.kh lrhA
~Page-43~
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jkT; dh igyh jktLFkkuh yksdfiz; fQYe

------------------------------------------------------------ ckcklk jh ykMyhA
fonsk esa fQYekbZ igyh jktLFkkuh fQYe ------------------------------------------------------------- ek&cki us Hkwytks erhA
'ks[kkokVh dk 'ksj&,&fny fdls dgk tkrk gS --------------------------------------------------- vksyfEid jk/ks;ke dksA
lu~ 1954 esa izdkfkr jktLFkkuh O;kdj.k ds ys[kd dkSu gS\ ----------------------ine~ Jh lhrkjke ykyl
egkHkkjr dky esa orZeku jktLFkku ds chdkusj {ks= dks dgk tkrk Fkk ----------------------------- tkxynskA
jktLFkku ds tknwxj lezkV tks foo lezkV cus]dkSu gS ------------------------------------------------------ 'kadj lezkVA
jktLFkku ds [kM+oky ds tknwxj ds uke ls izfl) gS& --------------------------------------------------------- lnhd [kkA
jktLFkku dh vktknh ds vkUnksyu esa *ykDdM+ vkSj dDdM+* /kqu ds /kuh rFkk yksduk;d ds uke
ls tkus tkrs Fks\ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- t;ukjk;.k O;klA
132 jktLFkku ds i[kkot ;a= ds uke ls fdls tkuk tkrk gS\
-------------------------------- ia0 iq:"kkske A
133 fcuk blj dh xoj dgka iwth tkrh gS\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- tks/kiqj esaA
134 lqxU/k nkeh ioZ fdl /kekZoyfEc;ksa ls tqM+k gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- tSuA
135 i[kkot ds tknwxj ds uke ls izfl) gS --------------------------------------------------------------------- Hkokuh 'kadj dFkdA
136 jktLFkku esa bUVjusV ls tqM+us okyh igyh xzke iapk;r ------------------------------------------------------------- uk;ykA
137 izFke L=h 'kfDr iqjLdkj nsk esa fdls iznku fd;k x;k -------------------------------------- deyk ckbZ djkSyhA
138 *jkew p.kuk ]<ksy Hkt.k rFkk HkDr eksjgot ds ukVddkj dkSu Fks\ --------------------------- ia0 Hkjr O;klA
139 ia0 Hkjr O;kl dk igyk ukVd *jaxhyk ekjokM+* dk eapu dksydkk ds fdl fFk;Vj esa eafpr
fd;k x;k ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vYs A
140 tSlyesj nqxZ dks fdl uke ls tkuk tkrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------ lksukj fdykA
141 14 tuojh dks euk;k tkus okyk yksgM+h ioZ fdlls lacfU/kr gS ------------------------------------------------- flD[kA
142 jktLFkku esa ehukdkjh ds fy, ine~Jh ls lEekfur gksus okyk O;fDk dkSu gS &
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ljnkj dqnjr flagA
143 jkbZ ds nkus ij ehjk dk fp= cukus okyk fprsjk dkSu gS ---------------------------------------------------- fdku 'kekZA
144 NksVh nhikoyh fdl frfFk dks eukbZ tkrh gS ----------------------------------------------------------------- dkfrZd d`".kk] 14
145 fgtjh lu~ dk igyk o vfUre eghuk gS -------------------------------------------------------- ek% eqgjZe o ftyfgtA
146 jk"Vh; iapkx dk igyk o vfUre eghuk gS ---------------------------------------------------------- ek% pS= o QkYxquA
147 foe laor~ ds o"kZ dk izkjEHk o vUr gksrk gS ------------------------------- pS= 'kqDyk ,de~ o pS= vekoL;kA
148 lqgkfxu fL=;ka ifr ds LokLF;] nh?kkZ;q ,oa eaxy dkeuk gsrw dkSulk ozr djrh gSa ----- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------djok pksFkA
149 gy dh iwtk dc dh tkrh gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hkknzin d`".kk "k"Veha dksA
150 LoPNrk o lkSan;Z ls lEcfU/kr R;kSagkj NksVh nhikoyh dc euk;k tkrk gS ---------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------dkfrZd d`".kk 14
151 *flag }kj* ds uke ls tkus tkus okyk ftyk ---------------------------------------------------------- vyoj jktLFkku A
152 nsorkvksa dh uxjh rhFkZjkt tgk 400 ls vf/kd efUnj gS&----------------------------------------- -------------------iq"dj A
153 Hkkjr esa czk th dk ,dek= efUnj fLFkr gS&------------------------------------------------------------------------------- iq"dj esaA
154 *iq"dj esayk dc Hkjrk gS\ & izfro"kZ dkfrZd 'kqDy ,dknkh ls iwf.kZeka rd 5 fnu rd
bl esays ls igys ,d foks"k ikqesayk Vksa dk yxrk gSA
155 xk/khth dh vfLFk;ka dgkW izokfgr dh xbZ& ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------iq"dj >hy esaA orZeku esa ;g ?kkV xk/kh ?kkV ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA
156 esgUnhiqj ckykth dk ifo= /kke gS\ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- nkSlkA
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*?kkfV;ksa dk 'kgj* dgykrk gS\ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ >kyjkikVu >kykokM+A

>kykokM dk eq[; yksd u`R; gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fcUnksjhA
[kstM+h dks jkT; o`{k dc ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1983 esaA
jktLFkku dk Hkqousoj fdls dgk tkrk gS\&
vksfl;k tks/kiqjA
,dek= og yksd nsoh ftldh ihB dh iwtk gksrh gS&------------------------- czkge.kh ekrk ckajk@ukxkSjA
jkT; dk ,dek= ;ksx dkWyst dgka LFkkfir gS &----------------------------------------------------------------------- mn;iqj esaA
jkT; dk igyk [ksy xkWao dgkWa fodflr fd;k tk;sxk & ------------------------------------------------------ t;iqj esaA
dqokjh dU;k dk eafnj fLFkr gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- nSyokM+k ekm.V vkcw
fdl ioZ ij e`R;q ds nsork ;e dh iwtk gksrh gS& ----------------------------------------------------------- HkS;knwt ioZ ij
pq: ftys ds lkyklj efUnj dh LFkkiuk fdlus dh Fkh -------------------------------- ckck eksgunkl th usA
flD[kksa dk lcls cM+k esyk jkT; esa dgk yxrk gS\ ------------------------------------------------------------- lkgok pw:
taxyh ewxksZ ds fy, izfl) LFkku ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ekm.V vkcw
fdl vH;kj.; dks typjksa dh cLrh dgrs gSa ------------------------------------- t;laen vH;kj.; mn;iqjA
og ftyk ftlesa dksbZ Hkh jk"Vh; jktekxZ ugha gS --------------------------------------------------- >qU>quw o izrkix<+A
dey ds Qwy dk ckx jkT; esa dgk fLFkr gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------/kksyiqjA
liksZa dk ,dek= vH;kj.; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 'ksjx<+ ckjka
og >hy ftlesa laxejej ds 12 njokts gSa ------------------------------------------------------------------- vkuklkxj >hyA
[kstM+h dh iwtk gfj;kyh vekoL;k dks dc o dgk gksrh gS&
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Jko.k ekl esa ekaxfy;kokl] vtesj
jktLFkku dk usg: fdls dgk tkrk gS& ----------------------------------------------- ia0 tqxy fdkksj prqosZnh dksA
djkSyh dk izkphu uke Fkk& ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------xksiky ikyA
[kjhQ dh Qly dk vU; uke gS& ---------------------------------------------------------------------------lko.kh lko.kqA
tks/kiqj dk izkphu uke Fkk ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- e:HkwfeA
jkM jkWd fdl >hy ds fdukjs gS& ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- uDdh >hyA
jktLFkku esa ty psruk ;k=k fdl ftys ls izkjEHk dh xbZ -------------------------------------------------- lhdj lsA
Hkjriqj ftys ds fdl LFkku ij 1700 o"kZ iqjkuh i{kh fpf=r bZVsa izkIr gqbZ gSa& -------------------- uksgA
gjk laxejej fdl ftys esa ik;k tkrk gS& -------------------------------------------------------------------------- mn;iqj esa A
xkxjksu fdyk fdl unh ds fdukjs fLFkr gS& ----------------------------------------------------------------------- dkyh fla/kA
iq"dj ds ukjax th eafnj esa lkou dh NksVh rht ls cM+h rht rd vk;ksftr egksRlo -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fgaMksyk egksRloA
fdl fo/kkulHkk pquko esa igyh ckj lEiw.kZ jkT; esa bySDVksfud oksfVax ekhu ls ernku
djok;k x;k & ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12 osa fo/kkulHkk pquko esa 2003
lrr~ fk{kk o lk{kjrk feku dks vkxs c<kus esa egkoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkus ds fy, jkt0 ds
fdl ftys dks lR;su eS=h iqjLdkj feyk gS&---------------------------------------------------------------------- fpkkSM+x<+ dksA
jkT; ds eq[; lfpo ds p;u esa eq[; Hkwfedk gksrh gS& ----------------------------------------------- eq[;ea=h dhA
jkT; esa v/;knsk tkjh djrk gS& ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- jkT;ikyA
jkT; fuosk izksRlkgu ,oa fodkl lykgdkj cksMZ ds v/;{k -------------------------------- MkW- egskpUnz 'kekZA
jk"Vh; izfl) *xkhr &xksfoUn * fp= fdl 'kSyh dk gS& --------------------------------------------------- esaokM+ 'kSyhA
jkT; esa oU; tho vH;kj.; fdrus gS\ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- & 25
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lkyflag dh gosyh rFkk iVoksa dh gosyh dgk fLFkr gS& ------------------------------------------------------ tSlyesajA
t;iqj dh LFkkiuk dc gqbZ& ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1727 bZ- esaA
fdjkMw eafnj dgkW fLFkr gS& ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ckMesjA
*eqckjd egy* dgkW fLFkr gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- t;iqj esa A
og dkSulk fdyk gS ]ftldh vktknh o vfLerk dh j{kk ds fy, ogka ds Bkdqjksa us
xksyk& ck:n [kRe gksus ij pkanh ds xksys nkxs\ ----------------------------------------------- pw: dk fdyk pw:A
jktLFkku dk lkxoku dkSulk o`{k dgykrk gS& ------------------------------------------------------------------------------jksfgM+kA
fdl o`{k dks Fkkj dk dYio`{k dgk tkrk gS& ----------------------------------------------------------------------- [ksstM+h dksA
ou {ks= dh n`f"V ls jktLFkku dk dkSulk LFkku gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9 okaA
fdl nqxZ esa vkSjaxtsc }kjk fufeZr ehBskkg dh njxkg fLFkr gS ------------------------------------ xkxjksu nqxZA
Hkkjr dk igyk feysfu;e foyst ---------------------------------------------------------------------- - vejkiqjk]jktx< pq:A
duZy tsEl VkWM }kjk cuk;k x;k nqxZ dkSulk gS --------------------------------------------------------------------- fxjh nqxZA
Ekkm.V vkcw esa fLFkr izfl) >hy ftlds ckjs esa dgk tkrk gS fd _f"k;ksa us vius uk[kwuks
ls bldh [kqnkbZ dh --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- uDdh >hy Ekkm.V vkcw
Ekkm.V vkcw fdl ioZrekyk ij fLFkr gS-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vjkoyh ijA
jktLFkku dh e:dksfdyk fdls dgk tkrk gS------------------------------------------------------------------------------xaojh nsohA
Lokeh n;kuUn ljLorh dh e`R;q 1833 esa dgkW gqbZ&------------------------------------------------------------- vtesj esa A
*dhfrZ LrEHk* dk fuek.kZ fdlus djok;k& ----------------------------------------------------------------egkjk.kk dqEHkk usA
vjkoyh ioZr ekyk dh izeq[k pksVh tks >qU>quw ftys esa fLFkr gS&---------------------- cokbZ780 fdeh-
jkT; esa fojklr laj{k.k laLFkku dh LFkkiuk dgkWa dh tk;sxh& ------------------------------------------ t;iqj esaA
eqfLye nqxZ fuek.kZ i}fr ls cuk;k x;k jkT; dk ,dek= nqxZ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------vdcj dk fdyk eSXthu vtesjA
jkT; ds igys ,oa nsk ds pkSFks *gSafxax fczt* >wyrk iwy dk fuekZ.k dgk fd;k
tk;sxk& ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- dksVk esa pEcy unha ijA
jkT; esa i;ZVu laHkkx gS& -----------------------------------------------------------------------tks/kiqj]mn;iqj ]dksVk o vtesjA
[ksrM+h egy dgk fLFkr gS&----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------->qU>quw
*Hkhyksa ds eksrhckck * ds uke ls fo[;kr gS& ---------------------------------------------------------------eksrhyky rstkorA
*ohj Hkkjr lHkk * dh LFkkiuk dc o fdlus dh&-----------------------------------1910 esa dsljhflag ckgjB usA
vaxzstks }kjk nh xbZ *jk; cgknwj* dh mik/kh okil fdlus yksVk nh&---------------------teuyky ctktA
,fk;k dh lcls cM+h rksi tks dh bafnjk xk/kh ds 'kkludky esa gqbZ [kqnkbZ esa feyh&----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- u;ck.k rksi eksehukckn
fgeky; ioZr Ja[kyk ls fusdyus okyh jktLFkku dh ,dek= unha gS& ------------------------------------?kX?kjA
*nknhth* ds uke ls yksdfiz; nsoh ftldk okLrfod uke *ukjk;.kh gS* ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- jk.kh lrh >qa>quwa esayk& Hkknzin vekoL;kA
,fk;k egk}hi dk lcls cM+k d`f"k QkeZ fLFkr gS& ---------------------------------------------------------------------lwjrx<+A
rksi <kyus dk dkj[kkuk vFkok dk;Z fdl nqxZ esa fd;k tkrk gS& ----------------------------------t;x<+ nqxZA
jktLFkku nsk dk izFke jkT; fdl {ks= dks m/kksx dk ntkZ o"kZ 1988 esa fn;s tkus ds
dkj.k cuk& -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------i;ZVuA
g"kZ ioZr dgk fLFkr gS& ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------lhdj esaA
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224 vHksM+k egy o txeafnj dgk fLFkr gS& -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- dksVk esa A
225 jkT; esa cgus okyh unh;ksa dh la[;k lokZf/kd fdl ftys esa gS& -----------------fpkkSM+x<+ 10 unh;k
226 le ds Vhyksa ij V dh lokjh dk vkuan ysus gsrw i;ZVdksa dks dgk tkuk iM+rk gS
& ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- tSlyesj
227 jktLFkku dk izFke gsjhVst gksVy gS& -------------------------------------------------------------------- vthr Hkou tks/kiqj
228 csM+p unh ds fdukjs fdl ekrk ds eafnj dh nks frckjh;ksa esa ls cPpksa dks fudkyus ij
mudh chekjh nwj gks tkrh gS ---------------------------------------------------------------- cM+yh ekrk] vdksyk&fpkkSM+x<+A
229 gkFkh xko dgk cuk;k x;k gS& --------------------------------------- vkesjt;iqj ds fudV dqaMk xzkeus-gk-&8
230 jkT; ds fdl laHkkx esa lokZf/kd unh;ka gS& -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------dksVk
231 gjk&dkyk laxejej ik;k tkrk gS& ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- tks/kiqj esaA
232 yky laxejej ik;k tkrk gS& ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /kksyiqj esaA
233 lkr jaxksa dk laxejej ik;k tkrk gS& -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [kkUnjk esaA
234 jktLFkku esa i;ZVu fodkl gsrw mkjnk;h mie gS& ------------------------------------------------------------- R.T.D.C.
235 foo /kjksgj lwfp esa 'kkfey fd;k x;k lksukj fdyk dgk fLFkr gS&
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lo.kZ uxjh tSlyesjA
236 jktLFkku esa chxksn vkSj e.Myx<+ ds chp cukl]csM+p vkSj eSuky unh;ksa dk laxe gS
]ftls dgrs gS& ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- f=os.khA
237 ukjax th eafnj dgk fLFkr gS& -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- iq"dj esaA
238 jktLFkku esa cksYMj csM dh izkfIr dk LFkku gS & ------------------------------------------------------------------------vuwix<+A
239 jktLFkku esa dkSulk jsy&fyad lcls igys cuk& ---------------------------------------------------------- /kksyiqj&vkxjkA
240 mn;iqj ftys dh Tokj [kkusa fdl oLrq ds fy, fo[;kr gS& ------------------------------------------------------tLrkA
241 jktLFkku esa Hkjriqj ftys dk og uxj tks vius egyksa ds fy, izfl) gS& ------------------------------MhxA
242 jktLFkku esa [kM+s x.ksk dh ewfrZ ftys esa ik;h xbZ gS& ----------------------------------------------------------------- dksVkA
243 tSe xkjxsV lokZf/kd ik;k tkrk gS& ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Vksad ftys esaA
244 jktLFkku dk ;g uxj tgk i;ZVdks ds fy, esokM+ lekjksg vk;ksftr fd;k tkrk gS&
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------mn;iqjA
245 jktLFkku esa *MstVZ QsfLVoy* e:&egksRlo dgka euk;k tkrk gS&
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------tSlyesj tuojh &Qjojh esaA
246 jkT; dk igyk ft;ksykWftdy ikdZ dgka LFkkfir fd;k tk;sxk& ------------------------ >kykuk Mwaxjh esaA
247 ljksoj >hy dgka fLFkr gS& -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- iq"dj esaA
248 Qrsglkxj o fiNksyk >hy fLFkr gS& ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- mn;iqj esaA
249 vkuklkxj >hy dgka fLFkr gS& ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vtesj esaA
250 jkT; esa *dkycsfy;k Ldwy vkWQ MkWal* dgka LFkkfir fd;k tk;sxk& ------------------gkFkh xko ds iklA
251 jkT; esa lokZf/kd nskh o lokZf/kd fonskh i;ZVd fdl txg vkrs gSa&
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ek% iq"dj o vkesj t;iqjA
252 gSjhVst flVh ds :i esa fdl ftys dks fodflr fd;k tk jgk gS& -------------------------------- t;iqj dksA
253 gSjhVst foyst ds :i esa fdl txg dks fodflr fd;k tk jgk gS& -------------------------------------- lkaHkjA
254 gSjhVst rhFkZ ds :i esa fdl LFkku dks fodflr fd;k tk jgk gS& ---------------------------------- iq"dj dksA
255 nsk dk igyk jkT; ] tgk i;ZVu iqfyl rSukr dh xbZ gS & ------------------------------------------ jktLFkku A
~Page-47~
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*iSysl vkWu OghYl* uked 'kkgh jsyxkM+h dk 'kqHkkjEHk dc fd;k x;k& ----------------------------- o"kZ 1982
bl 'kkgh jsyxkM+h dks cM+h ykbu ij dc ls izkjEHk fd;k x;k gS& ----------------------- flr0 2006 lsA
jkT; esa xksxkesM+h esyk fdl ftys esa yxrk gS& -----------------------------------------------------------------------guqekux<+A
i;ZVdksa dks jktLFkku dh laLd`fr ls ifjfpr djkus rFkk mUgs ?kj ls nwj ?kj dh vuqHkwfr djkus
o vkokl miyC/k djkus gsrw 27 flr0 1991 dks fdl ;kstuk dk izkjEHk fd;k x;k & ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------isbax xsLV ;kstukA
jktLFkku esa **u;s i;ZVu iSdst ** esa 'kkfey gS&
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- *iSysl vkWu OghYl*]gSjhVst gksVy ]isbax xsLV LdheA
jktLFkku esa vjkoyh ioZr fodkl dk;Ze fdrus ftyksa esa vkjEHk fd;k x;k gS& ----------------------16
ukgjx<+ fdyk fLFkr gS& ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ t;iqj esaA
fcjyk lewg dgykrk gS& ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ekjokM+hA
jkT; esa xzh"edkyhu R;kSgkj euk;k tkrk gS & --------------------------------------------------------------- ekm.V vkcw esaA
x/kksa dk esayk dgka yxrk gS & ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ywf.k;kokl t;iwj
rsjg ethajks dh rky dh izfl) u`R;kaxuk dkSu gS & ------------------------------------------------- Jhefr ekaxhckbZA
jktLFkku esa ck?k ifj;kstukvksa ds lw=/kkj fdls dgk tkrk gS&
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ine~ Jh dSykk lks[kyk
ns'k dk izFke pkjk cSad dgk LFkkfir fd;k x;k gS & ------------------------------------------------------- tSlyesj esaA
V Jaxkj dk dqky fkYih fdls ekuk tkrk gS& -----------------------------------------------------------Mwaxjflag HkkVhA
Hkkjr dk ,dek= jkT; tgka ty foofo/kky; LFkkfir fd;k tk jgk gS& ---------------------- jktLFkku
Hkkjr dk izFke lkSj tkZ pfyr Qzht dgk fLFkr gS & ----------------------------------------------ckyslj tks/kiqj
*ewlh egkjk.kh * dh Nrjh dgka fLFkr gS& --------------------------------------------------------------- vyoj nqxZ ds iklA
jktLFkkuh Hkiax ds izfl) oknd dkSu gS & ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- tgwj [kkA
[ksyksa ds igys jktLFkku nzks.kkpk;Z dkSu gS& ------------------------------------------------------------------- izks0 dj.k flagA
jktLFkku ds iksyks ineHkw"k.k dkSu gS& ------------------------------------------------------------------- jko jktk gtwr flagA
pUnzyksd] e`R;q ds mijkUr rFkk vkRek dh [kkst ukVd ds ys[kd dkSu gS& ------------nsohyky lkej
jktLFkku dk izFke tSfod m|ku dgka LFkkfir gS& ------------------------------------------------- ukgjx<+ t;iqjA
egky[kh ekaMO; dh riksHkwfe ds :i es ,d lqjE; LFky tkuk tkrk gS&---------------*rky o`{k*vyoj
guqekuth dk yD[kh esyk dc o dgka Hkjrk gS&
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Hknzin 'kqDy prqFkhZ o iapeh dks ik.Mqiksr vyoj
xksxkth dh tUe LFkyh gS & ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- nnjsok pq:
vkesj egy fLFkr gS& ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ t;iqj esaA
rht dk esyk dc o dgka Hkjrk gS& ----------------------------------------------------------------------------lkou dks t;iqj esa
mn;iqj ds egyksa dh HkO;rk ns[k fdl bfrgkldkj us bls jktLFkku dk *foaMlj egy*
dgk& ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------QD;Zlu usA
xksxkth dk izfl) eafnj *xksxkth dh esM+h* fLFkr gS& ---------------------------------------------------- guqekux<+ esaA
Hkkjr esa izFke ekkZy vkVZ foofo/kky; dh LFkkiuk dgka dh xbZ& -----------------------------------mn;iqj esaA
fdl nsoh ds eafnj dh T;ksfr ls dslj Vidrh gS ----------------------------------------------- vkbZekrk & fcykM+kA
uothou] R;kxHkwfe rFkk jktLFkku lkIrkfgd i=&if=dkvksa ds laiknd dkSu gS& ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Jh gfj mik/;k;A
~Page-48~
288 izrkix<+ o ckWlokM+k ds chp ds NIiu xkoksa ds lewg dks dgrs gS&
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ckaxM+ {ks=@NIiu dk eSnkuA
289 jkT; dk lokZf/kd o"kkZ okyk ftyk gS& -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- >kykokM+A
290 jkT; dk lokZf/kd o"kkZ okyk LFkku gS& --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ekm.V vkcwA
291 jktLFkku dk ,dek= thoke ikdZ fLFkr gS& -------------------------------------------------------------------------- vkdyxkao
292 *Fkkj dk ?kM+k* dgk tkrk gS&
----------------------------------------------------------pUnu uydwi tSllyesj ds iwoZ esa fLFkr dks ehBs ikuh ds fy,A
293 ddZ js[kk jktLFkku ds fdl LFkku ls xqtjrh gS& -----------------------------------------------dqkyx<+ ckalokM+kA
294 jktLFkku dk og uxj tgk lw;Z lcls ckn esa vLr gksrk gS& --------------------------------------------- tSlyesjA
295 jktLFkku ds fdrus izfrkr Hkkx esa e:LFky gS& ------------------------------ 3@5 ;k 61-11 izfrkr Hkkx A
296 ikfdLrku ds fdu ftyks dh lhek jktLFkku ds lkFk yxh gqbZ gS&
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------cgkoyiqj] ehjiqj o [kSjiqj A
297 jktLFkku ds fdu ftyks dh lhek ikfdLrku ds lkFk yxh gqbZ gS&
------------------------------------------------------------------- Jh xaxkuxj] chdkusj] tSlyesj] ckMesj 4 ftyksa ds lkFk A
298 varjjk"Vh; lhek ds lokZf/kd fudV 'kgj ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Jh xaxkuxj
299 lhekorhZ ftyksa esa varjjk"Vh; lhek ds lokZf/kd nwjh okyk 'kgj ------------------------------------------ chdkusjA
300 jkT; ds lkFk U;wure lhek js[kk cukus okyk jkT; gS -------------------------------- iatkc 2 ftyksa ds lkFk
301 jkT; ds lkFk lcls yEch lhek js[kk cukus okyk jkT; gS -----------------e/;iznsk 10 ftyksa ds lkFk
302 lokZf/kd yEch varjjk"Vh; lhek cukus okyk ftyk ------------------------------------------------------------------ tSlyesjA
303 lcls de varjjk"Vh; lhek cukus okyk ftyk ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- chdkusjA
304 fdl ftys dh varjjkT;h; lhek lokZf/kd gS ----------------------------------------- >kykokM+ e/;iznsk ds lkFk
305 jkT; ds fdl ftys dh lhek lokZf/kd ftyks ls yxrh gS ---------------------------------------------------- ikyh 8A
306 fdrus ftyks dh lhek vU; fdlh Hkh jkT; ;k nsk ls ugha yxrh gS ----------------------------------- 8 vkB
307 aV dh [kky ij Lo.kZ ehukdkjh djus ds fy, 31 ekpZ 1986 dks jk"Vifr Kkuh tSy
flag us fdls in~eJh ls lEekfur fd;k ------------------------------------------------------- in~eJh fgekeqhu mLrknA
308 lhdj rFkk [ksrM+h dk bfrgkl] fryd xkFkk] fgUnh xhrk jgL; lkj] vkRefoKku fk{kk
vkfn lkfgR;ksa ds jpukdkj dkSu gSa ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ia0 >kcjey 'kekZA
309 foo dk ,dek= o`{k esayk dgka] dc o fdlds miy{k esa Hkjrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------[kstM+yh xkaotks/kiqj ] Hkknzin 'kqDyk uoeha dks] ve`rk nsoh fouksbZ ds 'kghn fnol ijA
310 nsk dk igyk *jk"Vh; cht elkyk vuqla/kku dsUnz* dgka LFkkfir fd;k x;k gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- rchth&vtesj ds fudV1999
311 jktLFkku bysDVksfud ,.M bULVwesaV fyfe0 jhy dh vksj ls jkT; dk igyk 100
fdyksokV {kerk okyk lkSj mtkZ la;a= dgka LFkkfir fd;k tk jgk gS---------------xSfjfj xzke >qU>quw
312 jktLFkku dh fyxUkkbV vk/kfjr rki ifj;kstuk ftl LFkku ij gS] og gS --------------------------- iykukA
313 jktLFkku dk /kkrquxj] {kf=;iqj dgykrk gS -------------------------------------------------------------- ukxkSj@jsa<+&VksadA
314 oL= mRiknu dh n`f"V ls jktLFkku dk eSupsLVj fdls dgk tkrk gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HkhyokM+k jkT; dk izFke CAD dsUnzA
315 fdl T;ksfrf"k dh rkfydk ds vk/kkj ij lokbZ t;flag us t;iqj esa os/kkkyk dk fuekZ.k
djk;k\ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ tksfo;j fMflYokA
~Page-49~
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fdl unh dk mnxe LFky vtesj ds fudV gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ywuhA

jktLFkku dk dkSulk ftyk *lgfj;k tutkfr* dk fuokl LFky gS --------------------------------------------- ckajkA
jktLFkku dh igyh lgdkjh lfefr ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ fHkuk; 1905A
jktLFkku dk lcls igyk iw.kZ lk{kj vkfnoklh ftyk gS- --------------------------------------------------------- MwxjiqjA
jkT; dk izFke iw.kZ lk{kj ftyk gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vtesjA
fdl ioZ ij uhe dh iwtk gksrh gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ukxiapeh dksA
fdl R;kSagkj ij ?kj ds }kj ds nksuksa vksj Jo.k dqekj ds fp= cukdj iwtk djrs gSa
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- j{kkca/ku ijA
tSo moZjd dk igyk ljdkjh dkj[kkuk-------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- usg Hkjriqj
vaxzstksa ds lkFk laf/k djus okyh izFke fj;klr ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ djksyhA
jkT; dk lcls NksVk vH;kj.; ------------------------------------------------------------------- lTtux<+ vH;kj.;mn;iqj
Hkkjr esa loZizFke py ernku dk iz;ksx gqvk ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ckMesaj esaA
jkT; dh lcls cM+h nqX/k Ms;jh fLFkr gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------- jkuhokM+k&tkykSjA
foo dh lcls cM+h lw;Z ?kM+h ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- lezkV ;a= t;iqj
og jktLFkkuh f[kykM+h ftUgsa firk o iq=h nksuksa dks vtqZu iqjLdkj feyk -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- dj.khflag o jkT;Jh fukkusckth esa
og efUnj tks jk"Vh; /kjksgj dh lwph esa 'kkfey gqvk gS --------------------------------------- czkth dk eafnjA
fdl nsork dh ewfrZ ugha gS& -------------------------------------------------------------------- cjlkr ds nsork&ekeknso dhA
duZy VkWM dh fdl iqLrd esa pUnzkorh dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gS& ----------VsoYl bu osLVuZ bafM;kA
flrkj&,&fgUn fdls dgrs gSa& --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------lokbZ ekuflag dksA
jktLFkku ds fdl vH;kj.; esa vkWijsku jktgl pyk;k x;k ---------------------------------------- dsoyknso esaA
?kksfV;k vEck dk esyk fdl ftys esa vk;ksftr fd;k tkrk gS ---------------------------------------------- ckalokM+kA
jktLFkku ds fdu ftyksa dh lhek e/;iznsk ls yxrh gS ------------------------- izrkix<] >kykokM+] dksVk
izfl) mnwZ dfo ftlus d`".k Hkxoku dk xq.kxku fd;k ----------------------------------------------------------- jl[kkuA
gYnh?kkVh ds ;q) esa vdcj ds lsukifr Fks ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ekuflagA
jktLFkku esa lokZf/kd mitk feh gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- tyks<+A
vkfnokfl;ksa dk dqEHk dgykrk gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- os.ksoj esykA
gky gh esa jktLFkku ds fdl ftys esa ueZnk unh dk ikuh ugj ls yk;k x;k-------------------- tkykSjA
cukl] csM+p] esuky f=os.kh ij cuk nqxZ ---------------------------------------------------------- ekaMyx<+ nqxZ HkhyokM+k
jk.kk lkaxk dh Lekf/k LFky fdl LFkku ij gS ------------------------------------------------ ekaMyx<+ nqxZ HkhyokM+k
igkM+ks dh jkuh fdls dgk tkrk gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- elwjh dksA
viuk flj dkVdj nsus okyh gkMh jkuh dk uke D;k Fkk ----------------------------------------------------lgy daojA
lw;ZeYy feJ.k dk lacU) fdl jkT; ls Fkk --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- cwnh lsA
xerk xkth dk lacU/k gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- tks/kiqj lsA
rksgu nqxZ fLFkr gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- dkadjksyhA
bZljykV fLFkr gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- t;iqj esaA
jktLFkku esa lkxoku ds ouks dk ,dek= vH;kj.; ------------------------ lhrkekrk vH;kj.;&fpkkSM+x<+A
jkT; dh lcls de {ks=Qy esa 392 oxZ eh- ck?k ifj;kstuk dkSulh gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ j.kFkEHkkSj oU; tho vH;kj.;A
~Page-50~
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ca?k ckjsBk vH;kj.; fdl ftys esa gS\ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hkjriqj esaA
og egy tgka Lokeh n;kuUn ljLorh us lR;kFkZ izdkk dh jpuk dh --------------------- uoy[kk egy
jfl;k ckye o dqaokjh dU;k dk lEcU/k fdl ftys ls gS -------------------------------------------------------- fljksghA
fxyq.M lH;rk dk lEcU/k gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- jktlaenA
NIiu dh igkfM+;ka fLFkr gSa ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ckM+esj esa A
vkWoysa dh iwtk dc dh tkrh gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- dkfrZd 'kqDy uoehaA
dksoM+kekj gksyh dgka dh izfl) gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fHkuk;&vtesjA
egkHkkjr ds vuqlkj ,dek= dkSjo ftlus nzkSirh ds phj gj.k dk fojks/k fd;k---------------nzks.kkpk;ZA
ekjokM+ dk 'kkgtgkW ]vk/kqfud ekjokM+ dk fuekZrk ftlus mEesn m|ku cuok;k -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- mEesn flag usA
jktLFkku esa lcls igyh lwrh oL= ehy dgka LFkkfir gqbZ ---------------------------------------------------- C;koj esaA
jktLFkku dk rhljk lqij FkeZy ikoj LVsku fdl ftys esa yxk;k tk;sxk---------------------- >kykokM+A
fyaXukbZV dks;yk ds Hk.Mkj nsk ds fdl jkT; esa lokZf/kd gS& --------------------------------------- jktLFkku A
mijk"Vifr fdl lnu dk v/;{k gksrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------ jkT; lHkk dkA
nknh cksgjk leqnk; dk izeq[k dsUnz jktLFkku ds fdl ftys esa gS -------------------------------- ckalokM+kA
orZeku esa dkSulh iapo"khZ; ;kstuk py jgh gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 ohaA
iapk;rksa esa izFke pquko dc gq, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1960 esaA
iapk;r izfk{k.k dsUnz dgka gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ vtesj o MwxjiqjA
xzke iapk;rks dh lokZf/kd la[;k gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- mn;iqjA
xzke iapk;rks dks vuqnku fdldh vuqkalk ij fn;k tkrk gS--------------------------------- jkT; fok vk;ksxA
ftyk ifj"kn dk eqf[k;k tkuk tkrk gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ftyk izeq[kA
xzke lHkk dh cSBdsa o"kZ esa lkekU;r% gksrh gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- rhu ckjA
rglhy esa tux.kuk vf/kdkjh dkSu gksrk gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- rglhynkjA
xzke iapk;r dk ljiap cuus gsrw vk;q fdruh gksuh pkfg, ------------------------------------------------------- 21 o"kZA
iz/kku viuk R;kxi= fdls nsrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ftyk izeq[k dksA
iz/kku ds fo:) vfookl izLrko fdlds ikl Hkstk tkrk gS -------------------------------------- ftyk dysDVj
iap] ljiap o mi&ljiap viuk R;kxi= fdls nsrs gS ---------------------------------------- fodkl vf/kdkjh dks
ftyk izeq[k viuk bfLrQk fdls nsxk ---------------------------------------------------------------------- laHkkxh; vk;qDr dks
yksd&ifj"kn vkSj fdlku lHkk dk la;qDr vf/kosku 13 ekpZ 1947 dks dgka gqvk ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MkcM+k MhMokuk
lksukeq[kh dk fu;kZr djus okyk ftyk -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- tkS/kiqjA
cM+s ihj dh njxkg fLFkr gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ukxkSjA
esokM+ dk og 'kkld ftlus loZizFke eqxyksa dh v/khurk Lohdkj dj yh ---------------------- vejflagA
lwb;ka dk esyk Hkjrk gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ckMesj A
10$2$3 dh fk{kk iz.kkyh ykxw gqbZ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1986 esaA
tuJh chek ;kstuk lEcfU/kr gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- nqX/k mRiknu ls
'kjn o clar esyk dgka yxrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Hkjriqj esaA
ew[kZ fnol fdl lEiznk; ls lEcfU/kr gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- blkb;ksa lsA
og ftyk ftles lcls vUr esa oksfVax ekhu dk iz;ksx gqvk gS ---------------------------------- Mwxjiqj ftyk
~Page-51~
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jktLFkku ds 'ks[kkokVh es /kkjk 144 dk izpyu gqvk --------------- xqtZj vkj{k.k vkUnksyu ds nkSjkuA
lksus pkanh dk vkHkw"k.k fdl 'kSyh ls loZizFke iz;ksx gqvk ------------------------------------------------------- gkM+ksrhA
nk<h ewaN okys guqekuth dk efUnj fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------ lkyklj esaA
jktLFkku dk ikapok gokbZ vM~Mk fLFkr gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vtesj esaA
jkT; dk igyk d`f"k foKku vuqla/kku dsUnz ------------------------------------------------------------- Qrsgiqj 'ks[kkokVhA
/kku dh iwtk rFkk rqylh ds ikS/ks dk fookg fdl ioZ ij gksrk gS -------------------------------------- nsoksRFkku
Iyl iksfy;ks vfHk;ku dh 'kq:vkr 1994 esa loZizFke dgka gqbZ ----------------------------------------- fpkkSM+x<+A
jkT; ds igys fQYe fuekZrk] funskd vkSj laxhrdkj ---------------------------------------------------- th- ih- diwjA
jkT; dh igyh efgyk fQYe fuekZrk] funskd ------------------------------------------------------ eatw caly tljk.kh
jkT; ds igys uk;d -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- eghikyA
jkT; dh igyh ukf;dk ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- lqu;ukA
,fk;k dh lcls cM+h ekuo fufeZr ugj ftls e:xaxkk ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- bafnjk xk/kh ugjA
bafnjk xk/kh ugj dk mn~xe LFky -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- gfjds cSjkt iatkc esa lryt] O;kl ufn;kas ds laxe ij
jktLFkku esa Hkkjr ds lrgh ty lalk/kuksa dk fdruk izfrkr fgLlk gS ----------------------- ek= 0-1 izjktLFkku dk iwohZ Hkkx fdu unh;ksa }kjk fufeZr gS ------------------------------------------------------------- xaxk&;equkA
jktLFkku ds fdl Hkkx esa Fkkj ds e:LFky dk foLrkj ik;k tkrk gS --------------------------------- ifpehA
jktLFkku esa NIiu dk eSnku dgk tkrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------- e/; ekgh csfluA
jaxhyks ekjokM+ fdldh jpuk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hkjr O;kl dhA
thou dqVhj o ouLFkyh fo|kihB ds laLFkkid --------------------------------------------------------- ghjkyky 'kkL=hA
jktLFkkuh cksfy;ksa dk loZizFke o.kZu fd;k -----------------------------------------------------------------------------tkWtZ fxz;lu us 1912 esa fyaxfoLVd losZ vkWQ bafM;k xzUFk esa
ekWMy lkYV QkeZ dh LFkkiuk dh tk jgh gS --------------------------------------------------------------------- ukok&ukxkSj A
jktLFkku dh lcls izkphu fj;klr ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- esokM+A
ekSuh vekoL;k eukbZ tkrh gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ek?k ekg esaA
fcNqM+k fdl {ks= dk yksd xhr gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- gkM+ksrhA
uhewp.kk gR;kdk.M dc gqvk ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1925 vyoj esaA
eqxy cknkkg ds fy, esaokM+ dk izosk }kj Fkk --------------------------------------------------------- xkxjksu >kykokM+
jktLFkku dk lcls mapk iBkj ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- mfM+;k iBkjA
ekjokM+ dk izrki dgykrk gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- jko pUnz lsuA
dy;qx dk d.kZ uke lsa izfl) gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ jko chdkA
ekjokM+ ds 'kkld vejflag jkBkSM+ o chdkusj 'kkld d.kZflsg ds e/; erhjs dks ysdj
gqvk ;q) dgyk;k ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- erhjs dh jkM+A
gYnh?kkVh iqjLdkj fdl {ks= ds fy, fn;k tkrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------- i=dkfjrkA
uky gokbZ vM~Mk fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- chdkusj esaA
vykmhu dh efLtn dgk fLFkr gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- tkykSj esaA
iUuk/kk; iqjLdkj fdl {ks= ds fy, fn;k tkrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------- lekt lsokA
eadh osyh ds uke ls izfl) LFkku gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- xyrk t;iqj
~Page-52~
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jktLFkku ds izFke *ijeohj p* fotsrk -------------------------------goynkj estj ih: flag&>qU>quw 1948

jktLFkku ds izFke *egkohj p* fotsrk ---------------------------------------------- duZy fdku flag&pq: 1948
jktLFkku ds izFke *vkksd p* fotsrk ------------------------------------------ goynkj 'kEHkq flag&ukxkSj 1961
jktLFkku ds izFke *kkS;Z p* fotsrk -------------------------------------------- fugkypUn fouksbZ&chdkusj 1999
vdcj dh efLtn fLFkr gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vkesjA
RANA jkuk dk iwjk uke gS --------------------------------------- jktLFkku ,lksfk,lu vkWQ ukWnZu vesfjdkA
jktLFkku dk izFke foofo/kky; ------------------------------------------------------------ jktLFkku foofo/kky; t;iqjA
jkT; esa i;ZVu funskky; dh LFkkiuk dc o dgk dh xbZ -----------------------------------------1955 t;iqj esaA
jktLFkku LFkkiuk fnol ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 uoEcj 1956
nsk esa loZizFke iapk;rh jkt ykxw djus okyk ftyk -------------------------------------------------------------------- ukxkSjA
gYnh?kkVh dk ;q) egkjk.kk izrki o vdcj ds e/; dc gqvk -------------------------------------- 18 twu 1576
lsuk ds tokuksa esa J)s; nsoh ftls Fkkj dh os".kksa nsoh Hkh dgk tkrk gS] og gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ruksfV;k nsoh] ruksV&tSlyesjA
Hkwfe ds nsork ds :i dkSu yksdfiz; gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Hkksfe;k thA
vtesj esa Lonskh vkUnksyu dks xfr fdlus iznku dh --------------------------------------- ';ke d`".k oekZ us A
vaxzstksa ls laf/k djus okyk vfUre jkT; Fkk ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fljksghA
fdl gw.k jktk us 503 bZ- esa xqIr jktkvksa ls jktLFkku Nhudj viuk vkf/kiR; tek;k------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ rksjek.kA
jkT; ljdkj ds }kjk izdkfkr iqLrd dkSulh gS]ftlesa jktLFkku ds Lora=rk lsukfu;ksa
dh dhfrZ xkFkk,a gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- nsk ds nhokusA
1518 bZ- esa jk.kk lkaxk o bczkfge yksnh ds chp [kkrsyh dk ;q) gqvk FkkA [kkrsyh
jktLFkku ds fdl ftys esa fLFkr gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- cwnhA
jktLFkku ds fdl yksdnsork dks fgekpy iznsk esa ckydukFk ds :i esa iwtk tkrk gS\ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :iukFk th >jM+k
pspd dh nsoh] lSa<y ekrk] egkekbZ ds uke las izfl) yksdnsoh gS-------------------------------- 'khryk ekrkA
jktLFkku dk izfl) iq"dj esyka fdl ekg esa yxrk gS & ------------------------------------------- uoEcj ekg esaA
yhyVkl i{kh dk nkZu dc 'kqHk ekuk tkrk gS ------------------------------------- nkgjs ds fnu [kstM+h iwtk
cM+ ;k cjxn dh iwtk dc dh tkrh gS ------------------------------------------------------------------ T;s"B vekoL;k dksA
jkT; esa lgdkfjrk vkUnksyu dh 'kq:vkr dc gqbZ ------------------------------------------------------ 1904 vtesj esaA
jktLFkku lgdkfjrk ds {ks= esa igyk fdlku dkMZ dc o fdls fn;k x;k ----------------------------------------------------------29 tuojh 1999 dks fljlh xzke&t;iqj d`"kd jkefuokl ;kno dks
falatkjk dc euk;k tkrk gS ----------------------------------------------------------------- x.kxkSj o rht ds ,d fnu iwoZA
jktLFkku iqfyl dk xBu dc gqvk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1948 esaA
iqfyl eq[;ky; fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- t;iqj esaA
lcls cM+k jkT; dk fo/kkulHkk {ks= gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ tSlyesjA
vkYgk ny dgka iSnk gq, Fks --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- egksckA
dkSu lk 'kgj ihry ds crZuksa ds fy, izfl) gS] -------------------------------------------------------------------- eqjknkcknA
VAT fdlls lacfU/kr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ okf.kT; djA
Xksresoj /kke fdl ftys esa fLFkr gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- izrkix<+A
~Page-53~
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dqEHkyx<+ fdyk fdl ftys esa fLFkr gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- jktlaeUnA

BaMk Hkkstu@ckL;ksM+k dk R;kSagkj dc euk;k tkrk gS ---------------------------------------- gkSyh ds vkBosa fnuA
jktLFkku dkLrdkj vf/kfu;e fdl o"kZ ykxq gqvk ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1955
jktLFkku dh izFke QqVcky vdkneha dgkWa LFkkfir dh tk jgh gS ------------------------------------ tks/kiqj esaA
D.D.P. dk iwjk uke gS ---------------------------------------------------- e: fodkl dk;ZeA
uksV cukus dh L;kgh dk dkj[kkuk dgka
Efgyk vkHkw"k.k
gS ---------------------------------------- fHkokM+h& vyojA
Qh.kh] lkadyh] lwj
flj
blkbZ /keZ ds lokf/kd yksx gSa ------------------------------------------------------------------------- ckalokM+k esaA
lqjfy;ka] eksj Qoj] >qedk
dku
y{ke.k >wyk lacfU/kr gS -- fpkkSM+x<+ lsA
gkyjks] >kyjks] fref.k;ka] pUnugkj
xyk
fcuk pwuk&iRFkj dk lkseukFk eafnj dgka
cV~Vk] pwM+yh] xtjk] gkjiku] uojRu
cktw
gS -------------------------------------------------- Mwxjiqj esaA
i'kq&i{kh fp=.k ,oa fHkfr fp=ksa esa foks"k
dkad.kh] gFkQwy] iawfp;k] cxM+h] xtjk]pwM+k dykbZ
[;kfr izkIr gS ----------------- nsodhuUn 'kekZA
dj/kuh ] d.korh] tathj] daMksj
dej
diM+s ij ekse dh ijr p<kdj fp=
cukuk dgykrk gS ------------------------- okfrZdA
usojh] vkoyk] fgjukeSu] yNus
iSj
dkSuls R;kSagkj ij dqaokjh yM+fd;ka vius
HkkbZ ds fy, lqUnj L=h dh ekax djrh gSa& --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- x.kxkSjA
lw;Z dh iwtk dc gksrh gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- edj lkafr dksA
ekjokM+ dk Vslw fVd ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- jksfgM+k dk QwyA
Jko.k ekg esa dqokjh dU;kvksa }kjk fd;k tkus okyk og ozr ftlesa panzek dks ns[kdj
Hkkstu djrs gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ McgVA
jktLFkku ds vk/kqfud fp=dyk dk Js; tkrk gS ------------------------------------------------------ dqanuyky feL=hA
fookg ds ,d fnu igys fn;k tkus okyk Hkkst dgykrk gS ---------------------------------------------------------- ekaMk
vk/kqfud Hkkjr dk HkkxhjFk dgykrk gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------- egkjktk xaxkflagA
fdlus t;iqj dks xqykch jax ls jaxok;k ------------------------------------ jkeflag us]vycVZ fizal ds vkus ijA
fetkZ jktk t;flag dks fetkZ jktk dh mik/kh fdlus nh ------------------------------------------------- 'kkgtgka usA
eksgu eafnj o :ilkxj rkykc fdl >hy esa gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------- fiNksykA
og 'kkld tks bfrgkldkj] okLrqdkj o oSKkfud Hkh Fkk ------------------------------------------ t;flag f}rh;A
foo dk lcls cM+k iqLrdky; --------------------------------------------------------- iksdj.k gfjoak jk; }kjk fufeZr
xq: fk[kj dk nwljk uke D;k gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- mfM+;k dk iBkjA
jsMfDyQ js[kk dk izkjEHk o vfUre fcUnq okys 'kgj --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ek% fgUnewy dksV xaxkuxj rFkk 'kkgx<+ chdkusj
dkSuls fdys dks foo /kjksgj dh lwfp esa 'kkfey fd;k x;k gS ------------------------------------- lkSukj fdyk
nsk dk izeq[k i;ZVu ifjiFk Lof.kZea f=dks.k ij fLFkr jk"Vh; m|ku --------------------------- dsoyknso vegkjk.kk dqEHkk ds miuke ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ jktxq:@nkuxq:A
lokbZ Hkkst eafnj fLFkr gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------- HkhyokM+k xqtZjksa dk rhFkZ LFky
ekjokM+ dh iUuk/kk; --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- xkSjk /kk; tkS/kiqj
pkj gkFkksa okys nsork&ohj dYyk dk eafnj -------------------------------------------------------------------- esM+rk & ukxkSjA
~Page-54~
488 fMXxh QOokjk ;kstuk dgka pykbZ xbZ ---O;fDr;ksa ds miuke

-------------------------------------------------- xaxkuxj esa A
ekjokM+ dk izrki
jko pUnzlsu
489 tks/kiqj 'kgj dks tykiwfrZ djus okyh
>hy ---------------------------------- dk;ykuk >hyA gYnh?kkVh dk 'ksj
Ekgkjk.kk izrki
490 iaNhM+k D;k gS ------------------------------------------------fot; flag ifFkad
------------------------------ ekkjokM+ dk yksd xhrA fdlku vkUnksyu dk
tud
491 what are the Indian stars
ia- >kcjey 'kekZ
iqLrd ds ys[kd gSa &fot; flag ifFkdA i=dkfjrk ds firkeg
492 xq.khtu [kku ckblh fdlds njckj esa
ckxM+ ds /kuh
ujgM+ ds ihj
Fkh ---------------------------------- lokbZ izrki flagA
ckxM+ dh ehjk
Xkojha ckbZ
493 t;iqj dks loZizFke jsylsok ls tksM+us
HkDr dfo nqyZHk
okyk -------------------------------- ek/kksaflag f}rh;A jktLFkku dk u`flag
494 nsk dh izFke gokbZ Nk;kfp= iz;ksxkkyk xka/kh th dk ikapok iq=
teuyky ctkt
------------------------------------------------------- tks/kiqj esaA
nkeksnj yky O;kl
495 jktLFkku dk izFke rsy fjQkbujh ----------- jktLFkku ds ykSg iq:"k
------------------------------------------------------------ cwnhA
jktLFkku dk usg:
i-a tqxyfdkkssj prqosZnh
496 m"kk efLtn dgka fLFkr gS -------------------------- jktLFkku ds xk/kh
Xkksdqy HkkbZ Hk
--------------------------------------------- c;kuk Hkjriqj
497 gkyjks&>kyjks vkHkw"k.k iguk tkrk gS ----- jktLFkku dk vcqy Qty eqg.kksr uS.klh
----------------------------------------------------------- xys esa A jkT; dh e:dksdhyk
xaojh nsoh
498 t;iqj ds 'kkldksa dks lokbZ dh mik/kh
Hkksxhyky ik.M;k
ckaxM+ ds xka/kh o
fdlus nh ------------------------------ vkSjaxtsc usA vkfnokfl;ksa dk elhgk
499 eka Hkxorh dh 18 Hkqtkvksa okyh ewfrZ
ehjka
dgka gS ------------------------------------- ckalokM+k esaA jktLFkku dh jk/kk
500 ,fk;k dk lcls cM+k bLikr dkj[kkuk ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- pq:A
501 [kkjs ikuh dks ehBs ikuh esa cnyus dk la;a= ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Hkkysjh pq:
502 Hkkjr dk ifo= 'kgj fdls dgk tkrk gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vtesjA
503 CEERI dh LFkkiuk dc o dgka dh xb\ ------------------------------------------------------------ 1953 fiykuh >qa>quwa
504 AFRI dk iwjk uke gS --------------------------------------------------------------------- 'kq"d ou vuqla/kku laLFkku tks/kiqj
505 izoklh i{kh dqjtk fdl LFkku ij lokZf/kd la[;ka esa vkrs gSa -------------------- [khapu&Qyksnh tks/kiqj
506 xksMkou dk izpfyr LFkkuh; uke D;k gS\ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ eky eksjM+hA
507 xksMkou dk fiz; Hkkstu D;k gS\ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ewaxQyh o rkjkehjkA
508 e:LFky dk lkxoku ] ekjokM+ Vhd vkfn ukeksa ls yksdfiz; jkT; iq"i dks jktLFkku dh
*e:kksHkk* Hkh dgk tkrk gS] og gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- jksfgM+kA
509 fdl o`{k ds ikksa ls chM+h cukbZ tkrh gS ----------------------------------------------------------- rsanw o`{k ds iks Vhe:
510 ,d foks"k izdkj dh /kkl tks 'kjcr o b= cukus esa iz;qDr gksrh gS ------------------------------------------ [klA
511 Ykk[k ds dhM+s fdl isM+ ij ikys tkrs gSa --------------------------------------------------------------------------- csj ds isM+ ijA
512 bZlcxksy dk LFkkuh; uke D;k gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ?kksM+k&thjk
~Page-55~
Hkk"kk
ckxM+h
uxj
&
cklokM+k
czt
&
Hkjriqj
gkM+ksrh
&
dksVk
tutkfr
ftyk
lgfj;k
Hkhy
eh.kk
&
&
ok|
laxhrK
dksVk
cklqjh &gfjlkn pkSjfl;k
fpkkSM+x<
flrkj &foyk;r [kkWa
&
t;iqj
rcyk
&ia0 lerk lkn
<q<kM+h
&
t;iqj
xjkfl;k
& mn;iqj
e`naxe &iky?kkV euh v;j
513 dktjh 'kks/k laLFkku dgka gS -------------------------------------- tks/kiqj --------LFkkiuk -------------------------------------- 1959
514 thjk] /kfua;ka o eSFkh ds mRiknu esa jkT; dk Hkkjr esa LFkku gS\ ------------------------------------------------ izFkeA
515 lsjh dYpj dk lacU/k gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ jse dhV ikyu lsA
516 Qy mRiknu dh n`f"V ls jktLFkku dk izeq[k ftyk gS ------------------------------------------ ------ Jh xaxkuxjA
517 ,fk;k dk lcls pk Vh-oh- Vkoj 300 eh- dgka cuk;k x;k gS ------------------------- jkex<+tSlyesj
518 SEZ dk iwjk uke gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- lkSj tkZ tksuA
519 Vlj jske gsrw dkSuls isM+ yxk;s tkrs gSa ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ vtqZuA
520 lyek&flrkjksa o xksVk&fdukjh dk dke fdl LFkku ij gksrk gS ------------------------------ [k.Msyk&lhdj
521 Hkkjr ds dqy ued mRiknu dk lkaHkj >hy esa yxHkx gksrk gS ------------------------------------------------ 8-7 iz522 fdl xko dh e`.k eqfrZ;k fooHkj esa izfl) gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ eksysykA
523 cdjh ds ckyksa ls tV if;ksa dh cqukbZ dk eq[; dsUnz gS ------------------------------------------- tlksy ckM+esj
524 jse ds dhM+s fdl isM+ ij ikys tkrs gSa --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 'kgrwr eycjh
525 fdl LFkku dh nfj;ka foo izfl) gSa ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Vkadyk xzke&ukxkSjA
526 j?kqukFkx< fLFkr gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- lhdjA
527 fljksgh esa xq:fk[kj ds uhps fLFkr jkT; dk lcls apk iBkj ------------------------------------ mfM+;k iBkjA
528 vjkoyh ioZr Ja[kyk dk foLrkj fdrus ftyksa esa gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16
529 foo dk lokZf/kd vkcknh o tSo fofo/krk okyk e:LFky gS ---------------------------------------- Fkkj e:LFkyA
530 jktLFkku dk foLrkj mkj ls nf{k.k esa dgka ls dgka rd gS --------------------------mkj esa & dks.kk xkao xaxkuxj o ----- nf{k.k esa &cksjdqaM xkao dqkyx<&ckalokM+k
531 jktLFkku dk foLrkj iwoZ ls ifpe esa dgka ls dgka rd gS --------------------------iwoZ esa & flykuk xkao jktk[ksM+k&/kksyiqj o --- ifpe esa &dVjk xkaole] tSlyesj
532 jktLFkku esa e:LFky dk izosk }kj gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- tks/kiqjA
533 egkRek xk/kh ds ikposa iq= -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- teuyky ctkt
534 lar /kUuk fdl ftys ls lEcfU/kr gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- VksadA
535 *Jko.k izfre.k pw.khZ* fdl fp= 'kSyh dk izFke lfp= xzaFk gS ------------------------------------------------ esokM+A
536 mn;iqj uxj dh LFkkiuk fdlus dh ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- jk.kk mn;flag us
537 pkSiM+k >hy fdl ftys esa gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ikyhA
538 ckylaen >hy fdl ftys esa gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- tks/kiqjA
539 lR;kxzg m|ku dgka fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ikyh
540 laxejej ds mRiknu dh n`f"V ls tks ftyk izFke LFkku ij gS ------------------------------------------- jktlaenA
541 gjs laxejej ds mRiknu dh n`f"V ls tks ftyk izFke LFkku ij gS -------------------------------------- mn;iqjA
~Page-56~
542 lrgh ty dh lokZf/kd miyfC/k gksrh gS -*gLr dyk*

-------------------------------------------------------------- dksVk dks
543 lrgh ty dh lcls de miyfC/k gksrh gS
Lkskus&pkanh ds vkHkw"k.k
t;iqj
------------------------------------------------------------ pq: dksA
ihry dh ehukdkjh
t;iqj
544 ckxM+ dh xaxk ----------------------------- ekgh unhA
x.kxkSj cukus dk dk;Z
cLlh&fpkkSM+x<+
mn~xe&e/;iznsk ds egw ds lehi
foa/;kpy ioZr lsaA
cknyk cukus dk dk;Z
Tkks/kiqj
545 jktLFkku o xqtjkr dh la;qDr ifj;kstuk
fiNokb;k cukus dk dk;Z
ukFk}kjk
ftldh Lohd`fr 1971 esa gqbZ ------------------------vtj[k fizUV cukus dk dk;Z
ckMesj
------------------ ekgh ctkt lkxj ifj;kstukA
546 Hkkjr ds n; LFky foa/;kpy ioZr ds
ryokj cukus dk dk;Z
fljksgh
chp *tkukikvks* igkM+h ls fudyus okyh
gkFkhnkar dh pqfM+;ka
Tkks/kiqj @t;iqj
,dek= unh ftldk cgko nf{k.k ls mkj
dh vksj rFkk jktLFkku esa bldk izosk dkp ij lksus dh ehukdkjh
izrkix<
pkSjklhx<+ fpkkSM+x<+ ds lehi gksrk gS --eFkSj.k dyk
chdkusj
-------------------------------- pEcy unhA
mLr dyk
chdkusj
547 jktLFkku esa 'khrdkyhu o"kkZ gksus dk
dkj.k gS --- Hkwe/;lkxjh; f}rh;d fo{kksHkA
FkSok dyk
izrkix<
548 jktLFkku esa ouksa dk {ks=Qy fdl ftys esa
QM+ fp=.k
'kkgiqjk&HkhyokM+k
lokZf/kd ik;k tkrk gS ------------ l- ek/kksiqjA
ydM+h ds f[kykSus]
vyoj
549 jktLFkku esa gkM+ksrh iBkj dh feh gS --------------------------------------------------- e/;e dkyh fehA
fejj odZ
tSlyesj
550 jk"Vh; d`f"k vk;ksx us jkT; ds fdrus
dBiqrfy;ka
mn;iqj
ftyksa dks e:LFkyh; {ks= ds vUrxZr ekuk
gS
& 11
ydM+h dh dkoM+
cLlh&fpkkSM+x<+
551 jkT; ds os dkSuls ftys gS ftues Hkwfexr
ty vf/kd nksgu fd;k x;k gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------& nkSlk] vyojA
552 jkT; ds os dkSuls ftys gS ftues Hkwfexr tyLrj de ugha gqvk gS
& xaxkuxj] >kykokM+A
553 egkjktk jktflag us lu~ 1662 esa dkadjkSyh jsyos LVsku ds ikl >hy dk fuek.kZ djok;k
Fkk ] og gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- jktlaeUnA
554 ftl unh dks ckaxM+ o dkaBy dh xaxk ds uke la tkuk tkrk gS ------------------------------------------- ekghA
555 jktLFkku esa ihyh kafr lEcfU/kr gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ljlksa lsA
556 jktLFkku esa Hkwjh kafr dk lEcU/k gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------[k|ku izladj.k lsA
557 jktLFkku esa 'osr kafr dk lEcU/k gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- nqX/k mRiknu lsA
558 dsUnzh; d`f"k vuqla/kku dsUnz ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ nqxkZiqjk&t;iqjA
559 HksM+h;ksa dh iztuu LFkyh ,oa pkSflaxk ?kaVsy ds fy, izfl) vH;kj.; &
dqEHkyx<+
560 gdjk unh fdl unh dk miuke gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ?kX?kj e`r unha
561 jkT; ds fdl ftys esa catj Hkwfe dk {ks= lcls vf/kd gS ------------------------------------------------------ tSlyesjA
562 lknsokyk eglwj gS blls lEcfU/kr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ iSVksfy;eA
563 dsUnzh; HksM+ o u vuqla/kku laLFkku fLFkr gS----------------------------------------------- vfodkuxj]ekyiqjk Vksad
564 dsUnzh; HksM+ o u vuqla/kku laLFkku dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ --------------------------------------------------- ----1962 esaA
565 dsUnzh; u foys"k.k iz;ksxkkyk --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- chdkusj 1965
~Page-57~
566 HksM+ o u izfk{k.k laLFkku ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ t;iqjA

567 pkSdyka HksM+ mke xq.kokk ;qDr u o vf/kd mRiknu ds dkj.k dgykrh gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hkkjrh; eSfjuks ;k 'ks[kkokVh HksM+A
568 eSVks Ms;jh ifj;kstuk dk f;kUo;u gqvk --------------------------------------------------------------------------- cLlh t;iqj
569 foo dh lgk;rk ls jkT; esa vkWijsku yM izFke izkjEHk fd;k x;k ------------------------- lu~ 1970 esaA
570 jktLFkku ds fdl ftys esa aV dk lokf/kd izfrkr ik;k tkrk gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ckM+esjA
571 jktLFkku esa ekykuh uLy ds ?kksM+ksa ds
Ufn;ksa ij cls izeq[k uxj
fy, izfl) gS --------------------------------- flokukA
dksVk
pEcy
572 jkT; esa fdl i'kq/ku dk lokZf/kd izfrkr
lqesjiqj&ikyh
tokbZ
gS ------------------------------------------------------ cdfj;kA
573 nw/k mRiknu esa jkT; dk nsk esa LFkku gS
fpkkSM+x<
csM+p
------------------------------------------------------------------ izFkeA
vklhan&HkhyokM+k
[kkjh
574 jktLFkku esa lksus dh [kkst dk dk;Z fdl
>kykokM+
dkyh fla/k
ftys esa izxfr ij gS ------------------ ckalokM+kA
575 jkT; esa ekyxkM+h ds fMCcs cukus dk
Mhlk&xqtjkr
i- cukl
dkj[kkuk fdl ftys esa o D;k uke gS ----ckyksrjk&ckMesj
ywuh
------------------------fledks oSxu QSDVh] HkjriqjA
576 jkT; esa jklk;fud [kkn cukus dk
xka/khuxj&xqtjkr
lkcjerh
dkj[kkuk dgka fLFkr gS ------------ dksVk esa A
Lkse unha
nso lkseukFk eafnj&
577 lqugjk f=dks.k ls lEcfU/kr gS -------------------Mwaxjiqj
---------------------------------- fnYyh&vkxjk&t;iqjA
os.ksoj /kke
Ekkgh]lkse]tk[ke laxe
578 thok"e ikdZ fdl ftys esa fLFkr gS ----------------------------------------------------------------- tSlyesj A
579 jkT; dk og ftyk tgka dksbZ Hkh jsyekxZ ugha xqtjrk gS ------------------------------------------------------ ckalokM+kA
580 jktLFkku jkT; ds vfr egkoiw.kZ esyksa esa ls Hkjriqj ftys es yxus okyk izfl) esyk &
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------- tloar esyk iznkZuhA
581 jkelj dUosUlu ds vuqlkj *osV ySaM* fdls ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k gS ---dsoyknso ?kuk i{kh vH;kj.;A
582 Hkhyksa dk edku dgykrk gS ----------------iky
583 xjkfl;ksa esa fookg dh og jhfr ftls lEiUu djkus ds fy, czk.k dh vko;drk gksrh gS] ------------------------------------------------- eksj caf/k;kaA
584 eh.kk tutkfr ds yksx mikld gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 'kfDr dsA
585 Hkhy tutkfr esa fdlh L=h ds iqufoZokg djus ij nwljs ifr }kjk ml L=h ds igys ifrdks
dqN :i;k nsuk gksrk gS mls dgrs gS ---------------------------------------------- >xM+kA
586 Hkkjrh; tutkfr;ka uked iqLrd ds ys[kd gSa ------------------------------------------ mizsrhA
587 Hkkjr esa ftl egkdfo dks Hkhy ekuk tkrk gS ]og gS ----------------------------- okYehfdA
588 Hkhyksa dh izeq[k igpku gSa ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /kuq"kA
589 ,fk;k dk lcls cM+k d`f"k QkeZ ------------------------------------------------------lwjrx< xaxkuxj
590 jk.kk lkaxk dh lekf/k --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ek.Myx<+ HkhyokM+k
591 lrh izFkk ij loZizFke izfrcU/k dgka yxk;k x;k Fkk ------------------------------------------------------------------- cwnh esaA
592 rSewjyax us fdl fdys ds ckjs esa dgk gS fd **eSus lkefjd n`f"V ls bruk etcwr vkSj
~Page-58~
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lqjf{kr fdyk Hkkjr esa dgha ugha ns[kkA** ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HkVusjA

foo dk lcls cM+k pknh dk ik= fdl 'kgj esa gS ----------------------------------------------------------------- t;iqj esaA
jktLFkku ds fudV cUnjxkg gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- dkaMyk canjxkgA
laLd`r lkfgR; dk lcls cM+k iqjLdkj gS ------------------------------------------------------------------- okpLifr iqjLdkjA
dfy;qx dh nsoh gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- th.k ekrkA
jktLFkku izkS<+ fk{kk funskky; dh LFkkiuk dc gqbZ ----------------------------------------------------------- 2 vDVw-1978
dksVk foofo/kky; dk uke cnydj j[kk x;k ------------------------ o/kZeku egkohj [kqyk foofo/kky;A
vk/kqfud ekjokM+ dk fuekZrk] mEesn Hkou dk laLFkkid] ekjokM+ dk 'kkgtgkW dgykrk gS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- egkjktk mEesnflag & tks/kiqjA
NksVh ekth dk fdyk fLFkr gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- izrkix<+ esaA
fiiy ds o`{k ,oa i'kq&if{k;ksa esa eksj] eNyh ds leku o eknd us=ksa ;qDr rFkk dej
rd QSys dsk fdl 'kSyh dh foks"krk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------ t;iqj 'kSyh dhA
V[ke.k&20 D;k gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fp=dyk lacfU/kr ,d laLFkkA
jktLFkku dh igyh yksd vnkyr -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- dksVkA
,sojsLV ij p<+us okyk izFke jktLFkkuh O;fDr ---------------------------------------------------------------- lkSjHk 'ks[kkorA
jktLFkku dk xksYQ dk rsUnqydj fdls dgk tkrk gS---------------------------------------------------- jRu tkSr flagA
ftyk dySDVsV esa Msl ykxq djus okyk izFke ftyk gS -------------------------------------------------------------- MwxjiqjA
jktLFkku ds j.kckadqjs* iqLrd ds ys[kd ------------------------------------------------------------------ jktsUnz flag jkBksM+A
ouoklh dks xys yxkvks ;kstuk dgka pykbZ xbZ ------------------------------------------------------------------------ mn;iqjA
ckoM+k ifj;kstuk fdlds lg;ksx ls pykbZ xbZ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- LohMuA
yksd laLd`fr 'kks/k laLFkku ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ pq:A
egkfkojk=h i'kq&esyk --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- djkSyhA
O;FkZ Hkwfe dk dk;Ze fdrus ftyksa esa pyk;k x;k-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14
pwM+ vkHkw"k.k iguk tkrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ gkFk esaA
lkfgR; lksfo;ks dh rhFkZ LFkyh ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ dljs&bye dkA
dj.khekrk dk cpiu dk uke --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fjf)ckbZA
jkT; ds izFke x| fuekZrk ,oa i=dkj gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------ yTtkjke 'kekZA
*/keZ;q)* ,oa *cksy Egkjh eNyh fdruks ik.kh* ukVd ds ys[kd &
vtqZu nso pkj.ktks/kiqj
rkyk unh fdl unh dk miuke gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ck.kxaxkA
lqYrku fugky ns ikoM+s fdl tkfr }kjk xk;s tkrs gSa ------------------------------------------------------------------ tksxhA
nsk dk lcls cM+k ik.Mqfyfi Hk.Mkj fLFkr gS -------------------------------------------- jkT; izkP; fo|k laLFkkuA
jkT; dk izFke ljdkjh Mkd?kj dgka cuk;k x;k -------------------------------------------------------------------------- tks/kiqj
xtuh [kka rksi fdl fdys esa gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- esgjkux<+A
t;iqj dk t;egy iSysl fdl ckx esa gS -------------------------------------------------------------------- ukjk.kh ds ckx esa
ohj&fouksn iqLrd esa fdl 'kgj dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gS ---------------------------------------------------------- mn;iqjA
oak HkkLdj iqLrd esa fdl 'kgj dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gS ----------------------------------------------------------------- cwnhA
rqtqds ckcjh iqLrd esa fdl 'kgj dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gS -------------------------------------------------------- /kksyiqjA
jkT; dk lcls NksVk uxj ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- cksj[ksM+k ckalokM+k
~Page-59~
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jkT; esa rkEcs ds flDds fdlus pyk;s ---------nqxZ

------------------------------------------------- eks- rqxyd usA
twukx<] tSlyesj] HkVusj nqxZ
/kkUo nqxZ
fou; fodkl egy fLFkr gS ----------------------Yksgkx<+ nqxZ
Ikkfj[k nqxZ
--------------------------------------------------------------- vyojA
xkxjks.k nqxZ
ty nqxZ
xHkZ xqatu rksi gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ rkjkx<+ nqxZ esaA
Mhx dk fdyk
Ikfjl nqxZ
rkjkx<+ nqxZ ds egy -----------fp=k egy] dskj
j.kFkEHkkSj nqxZ
,j.k nqxZ
ckx] ckny egy] Qwy egy] lq[kfuoklA
dkapu fxjh] lksuyx<+
tkykSj dk nqxZ
igyk lkabl ikdZ ---------------------------- t;iqj esaA
izFke uxjikfydk -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ekm.V vkcwA
[ksrM+h ds jktk vthrflag ds vkea=.k ij i/kkjs Lokeh foosdkuUn fdl rkykc ds fdukjs
Bgjs --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- iUukyky 'kkg rkykc&[ksrM+h >qU>quw
vUrjkZ"Vh; lhek cukus okyh jkT; dh ,dek= unh ------------------------------------------------------------------- pEcyA
jktLFkku iqfyl ds /ot esa vafdr gSa ---------------------------------------------------------- <ky] ryokj] fot;lrEHkA
jktLFkku esa lokZf/kd 'kq"d tyok;q okyk ftyk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------- tSlyesjA
/kkjk 144 ykxq djus dk vf/kdkj fdls izkIr gS --------------------- mi[k.M vf/kdkjh n.Muk;dSDM
f=dqV igkM+h fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ tSlyesjA
bZlcxksy dk dkj[kkuk fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vkcwjksM+A
fcuksVk D;k gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ nwYgk&nwYgu ds fookg dh twfra;ka A
izfl) HkDr dof;=h ehjka ds ifr dk D;k uke Fkk ------------------------------------------------- jktdqekj Hkkstjkt
13 oha fo/kkulHkk dk izFke l= 'kq: gqvk --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 03-01-2009
fex&27 foeku tks/kiqj ftys ds dksad.kh o lsyokl xko esa nq?kZVukxzLr gqvk --------- 15 ebZ 2009
jkT; esa fdrus cksMZ o dehku gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 cksMZ rFkk 4 dehkuA
jktLFkku dh eq[k >hysa
[kkjs ikuha dh >hysa
ehBs ikuha dh >hysa
1- lkaHkj & t;iqj
1- t;lean & mn;iqj
2- MhMokuk & ukxkSj
2- jktlean &jktlean
3- Qyksnh & tks/kiqj
3- fiNksyk & mn;iqj
4- dkoksn & tSlyesj
4- Qrsglkxj o mn;lkxj& mn;iqj
5- dqpkeu & ukxkSj
5- uDdh >hy & ekm.V vkcw]fljksgh
6- ipinjk & ckMesj
6- vkuklkxj &vtesj
7- ywudj.klj & chdkusj
7- QkW;lkxj o iq"dj >hy& vtesj
8- Msxkuk & ukxkSj
8- flyhls<+ & vyoj
9- rkyNkij & pq:
9- dksyk;r & chdkusj
10- ckylean & tks/kiqj

646 jktLFkku esa xzke iapk;r] iapk;r lfefr] rFkk ftyk ifj"kn ds v/;{k gksrs gS --------------------------------By-Mohd Islam (9413893155)
~Page-60~
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----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ek% ljiap] iz/kku o ftyk izeq[kA

jktLFkku ds iM+kslh jkT;ksa dh la[;k gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5 iatkc] gfj;k.kk] mkjiznsk] e/;iznsk rFkk xqtjkr
,fidYpj dk lEcU/k gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- e/kqeD[kh ikyu lsA
jkT; esa i;ZVu uhfr ?kksf"kr dh xbZ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27 flrEcj 2001
fiLlhdYpj ;k tyd`f"k dk lEcU/k gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------eNyh ikyu lsA
iz/kkuea=h xzke lM+d ;kstuk PMGSYfdl frfFk dks izkjEHk dh xbZ -------------------------- 15-12-2000
gky gh esa vkLVsfy;kbZ dEiuh bUMks xksYM us fdl ftys esa Lo.kZ Hk.Mkj dh [kkst dh gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hkwfd;k] txiqjk&ckalokM+kA
gfjr kafr dk lacU/k gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- d`f"k mRiknu lsA
uhyh kafr dk lacU/k gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- eRL; mRiknu lsA
xksy kafr dk lacU/k fdlls gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vkyw mRiknu lsA
fueZy xzke ;kstuk dh 'kq:vkr dc gqbZ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1999&2000
jkT; dk lokZf/kd u mRiknd ftyk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- tks/kiqjA
jkT; dk lcls de u mRiknd ftyk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- >kykokM+A
jkT; dh izFke efgyk nqX/k mRuknd lgdkjh lfefr izkjEHk dh xbZ Fkh ----------- Hkkstwlj&chdkusjA
fdl HksM+ dh uLy dks puksFkj dgk tkrk gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------- lksukM+h HksM+A
QwM LVSEi ;kstuk izkjEHk dh xbZ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15 vxLr 2004
izkd`frd vkink jkgr dks"k esa dsUnz o jkT; ljdkj dk vaknku gS ----------------------------------------- 3 % 1
Tiger Man of India dgk tkrk gS -------------------------------------------------------------------- dSykl lk[kyk dks
jkT; o mrjh Hkkjr dk igyk efgyk baftfu;fajax egkfo/kky; 2007&08 esa dgka izkjEHk fd;k
x;k gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vtesj esa
vkkk ASHA dk iwjk uke gS ------ A Social Health Activist lkekftd LokLF; dk;ZdkkZ
nks ls vf/kd cPps okys vH;FkhZ dks ljdkjh lsok esa fu;qfDr ds fy, vik= gksxkA ;g fu;e
fdl frfFk ls ykxq ekuk tk;sxk -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 twu 2002A
DPEP ftyk izkFkfed fk{kk dk;Ze dk 'kqHkkjEHk fdlds lg;ksx ls vkjEHk fd;k x;k gS ------------------------------------------------------foo cSad o Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk 2 vDVw- 1999 dkssa [kkuiqjk&vyoj esaA
orZeku es ;g ;kstuk fdrus ftyksa esa py jgh gS ------------------------------------------------ 19 ftyksa esa] ftlesa
foo cSad o Hkkjr ljdkj dk 85 izfrkr o jkT; ljdkj dk 15 izfrkr ;ksxnku gSA
jkT; esa xqykc dh [ksrh gksrh gS -------------------------------------------------------- [keukSj&jktlean o ukFk}kjk esaA
loZJs"B fdLe dk xqykc gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- pSrh ned
vjch&Qkjlh 'kks/k laLFkku dgk gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- VksadA
xjhc dk Qy dgykrk gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- cSjaA
jktLFkku dh mkj ls nf{k.k esa yEckbZ gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 826 fdeh-A
lh- oh- jeu us Island of Glory fdl uxj dks dgk ---------------------------------------------------- t;iqj dksA
ijrnkj pkusa ikbZ tkrh gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- lsUnM+k esaA
jktLFkku dk dkSulk iznsk vR;f/kd chgM+ ls izHkkfor gS -------------------------------------------------------- gkM+ksrh
HkksjkB dk iBkj fLFkr gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------- mn;iqj] Mwxjiqj] o fljksgh esaA
jktLFkku dks dkSulh leo"kkZ js[kk yxHkx nks leku Hkkxksa esa caVrh gS --------------------------- 50 lseh-A
~Page-61~
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xzh"edky esa vkcw esa rkieku ds de jgus dk dkj.k gS ------------------------------------- apkbZ dh vf/kdrkA
jktLFkku esa bekjrh ydM+h dk izeq[k o`{k gS ---------------------------------------- lkxoku ckalokM+k o lkyjA
dRFkk fdl o`{k ls izkIr gksrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ [kSj A
lkou ]Nkeu] ewjkr vkfn fdl izdkj dh ouLifr esa vkrs gS ------------------------------------------------------- ?kkl
jktLFkku ds fdl unh ads chgM+ o vijfnr [kM~Ms foo izfl) gS --------------------------------------- pEcyA
vtesj ds ukx ioZr ls fudydj dPN dh [kkM+h esa fxjus okyh unh gS -------------------------------- ywuhaA
bafnjk xk/kh ugj ifj;kstuk fdl iapof"kZ; ;kstuk esa 'kq: dh xbZ ------------------------------- f}rh; ia ;kspEcy ?kkVh ifj;kstuk dk lw=ikr fd;k x;k ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1943
dsUnzh; e:kks/k laLFkku dktjh fLFkr gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- tks/kiqj esaA
'ks[kkokVh esa tksgM+ ;k ukM+k dgk tkrk gS --------------------------------------------------- dPps ;k iDds dqvksa dksaA
ml LFkku dk uke crkb;s tgka pqgks dk vH;kj.; fLFkr gS -------------- dj.kh ekrk eafnj&nskuksdA
euq&Le`fr;ksa esa {kf=; ekuk x;k gS ----------------------------------------------------------------- iztk dh j{kk djus okykA
pksdyk HksM+ dh uLy ikbZ tkrh gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- >qa>quw esaA
jkT; ds dqy gsfjVst gksVyksa dh la[;ka gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 94
jch dh Qly dks vU; fdl uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------ mukywA
ukxkSj ftys ds fdl xko dh cdjh;k nskHkj esa izfl) gSa ---------------------------------------------- o:.k xko A
o"kZ 2006 esa pykbZ xbZ 'kkgh jsy esa ukS lsywu o gj lSywu esa pkj cSM:e gS ] blds vykok nks
jsLVksjsaV Hkh gS muds uke crkb;s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- egkjktk o egkjkuhA
xjhc dh xk; dgykrh gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- cdjhA
jkuh[ksr jksx lacfU/kr gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- eqxhZ lsA
fdl Qly dks dkyk lksuk dgk tkrk gS o ;s jkT; esa dgk&dgk gksrh gS ------------------- vQhe dks
eq[;r% ;g fpkkSM+x<] dksVk o >kykokM+ esa gksrh gS A
jkT; esa lokZf/kd Qy xaxkuxj o lokZf/kd elkys ckjk ftys esa gksrs gS A
Hkkjr ds dqy i'kq/ku dk fdruk izfrkr Hkkx jktLFkku esa ik;k tkrk gS ----------------------- 10-58%
ljkZ jksx eq[;r% gksrk gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- V dksA
btjkbyh ikS/ks tkstksck ds QkeZ <aM jkT; esa dgka LFkkfir fd, x, gSa-------------- t;iqj o QrsgiqjA
jkT; esa dqy d`f"kr {ks=Qy lokZf/kd gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ckMesaj ftysa esaA
jkT; esa dqy d`f"kr {ks=Qy U;wure gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- jktleanA
jkT; esa lokZf/kd flafpr {ks=Qy gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- xaxkuxj esa 87 %
jkT; esa U;wure flafpr {ks=Qy gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ pq: 5 %
mLrkn ykypUn dkjhxj }kjk cuk;s x;s gokegy esa dqy fdrus tkyh&>jks[ks gS ---------------- 365
lq.Mk ioZr fLFkr gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hkhueky& tkykSjA
HkhyokM+k ftys esa fdl laiznk; dh ihB fLFkr gS -------------------------------------------------------- jkekuqt laiznk;A
izfl) lar lyhe fprh dgka jgrs Fks ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Qrsgiqj lhdjh esaA
ve`rk nsoh Le`fr iqjLdkj fdl {ks= ds fy, fn;k tkrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ou ,oa oU;&thoksa dh lqj{kk ds fy,A
jktLFkku esa *cgq:fi;k dyk* dks foo ds vusd jk"Vksa esa iznfkZr djus okys dykdkj dk D;k
uke Fkk --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- tkudhyky HkhyokM+k
og u`R; tks 'kkL=h; ugha gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- xjckA
~Page-62~
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dyhyk&neuk dkSu gS ------------------------------------------------------- eSokM+ 'kSyh dh dgkuh ds nks ik=ksa ds ukeA

jktLo eaMy vtesj ds v/;{k gSa ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- jkdsk vkgqtkA
jkT; fk{kk lfpo gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fl;kjke eh.kkA
djok pkSFk dk ozr dc euk;k tkrk gS ----------------------------------------------------------- dkfrZd d`".k prqFkhZ dksA
lgdkjh /ot esa fdrus jax gksrs gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- lkrA
egkjkuh in~feuh fdldh iq=h Fkh --------------------------------------------------------- flagy}hi ds jktk xkso/kZu dhA
t;iqj esa loZFke vkus okyk ejkBk Fkk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ckthjkoA
fdl taxy esa igyk lQsn 'ksj Hkkjr esa ik;k x;k Fkk] og utnhd gS -------------------xhj vH;kj.;A
jktLFkku esa lQsn lhesaV dk mRiknu dgka gksrk gS ------------------------------------------------------ xksVu& ukxkSjA
jktLFkku jktLo cksMZ dk eq[;ky; dgka gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vtesjA
fdl ftys dh okf"kZd o"kkZ esa fo"kerk dk izfrkr lokZf/kd gS ---------------------------------------- cklokM+k A
foo izfl) czk eafnj fdl 'krkCnh esa fufeZr fd;k x;k ------------------------------------ 14 oha 'krkCnh esaA
czkth dh iRuh lkfo=h dk eafnj dgka gS ------------------------------- jRufxjh ioZr iq"dj ds nf{k.k esa
iq"dj jkT; ds fdl ftys esa gS ----------------------- vtesjA
8 osa tSu rhFkZdj Hkxoku pUnzizHkq dh ewfrZ fdl LFkku
flapkbZ ifj;kstuk,a
ij izkIr gqbZ ---------nsgjk&frtkjk tSu eafnj&vyojA
pkSyh] Nkih
>kykokM+
dfiy eqfu dh riksHkwfe tgk egf"kZ dfiy us lka[;
nkZu dk izfriknu fd;k ----------Jh dksyk;r >hy&
Ikkapuk
djkSyh
chdkusjA
cSaFkyh
ckjk
jktLFkku dk [ktqjkgks & lksesoj eafnj dgka gS --------Lkse&deyk&vEck
Mwxjiqj
---------------------------------------------------------------------- fdjkMw&ckMesjA
lkse&dkxnj
mn;iqj
jktLFkku esa thou/kkjk ;kstuk dk lEcU/k gS ----------------------------------------------- flapkbZ dqvksa dk fuekZ.kA
lko.k&Hkknks
tkykSj
jkT; esa og dk;Ze] ftlesa /ku fofu;kstu ds lkFk
ckdyh cka/k
HkhyokM+k
vk;dj esa jkgr kIr gksrh gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vYi cpr dk;ZeA
fcykl
ckjk
fodykaxks ds fy, *jkT; Lrjh; lUnHkZ dsUnz* LFkkfir
eksjy
lokbZek/ksiqj
fd;k x;k gS ------------------------------------ t;iqjA
ftyk xjhch mUewyu ;kstuk esa igyh ojh;rk fdls nh xbZ gS --------------------- jktleUn@MqaxjiqjA
jktLFkku dk gfj}kj tgka y{ke.k >wyk gS ---------- ekr`dqf.M;k] jkkeh iapk;r lfefr&fpkkSM+x<A
esokM+ dk [ktqjkgks dgk tkrk gS ------------------------------------------------- txr dk vfEcdk eafnj & mn;iqjA
[ksrM+h egy dk fuekZ.k fdlus djok;k ------------------------------------ [ksrM+h ds egkjktk Hkksiky flag usA
Hkxoku fo".kq dks fdl ok| ;a= dk izorZd ekuk tkrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------ 'ka[kA
Hkxoku fko dks fdl ok| ;a= dk izorZd ekuk tkrk gS -------------------------------------- Me: ,oa fiukdA
}kdjk DWCRA ;kstuk lEcfU/kr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------ xzkeh.k efgykvksa lsA
lefUor xzkeh.k fodkl dk;Ze IRDP dk eq[; ms; &BPL- ifjokjks dks jkstxkj tqVkukA
lkr lgsfy;ksa dk eafnj&ineukFk eafnj dgka gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------- >kykokM+A
,d ,slk yksd xhr ftlesa isz;lh vius fiz;re ls miou esa vkdj feyus dh izkFkZuk djrh gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- iiS;kA
izfl) ckalqjh oknd gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- gfjizlkn pkSjfl;kA
~Page-63~
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viuk xko viuk dke ;kstuk kjEHk dh xbZ ---------------------------------------------------------------- 1 tuojh 1991
lhdj ftys dk dkSulk fo/kkulHkk {ks= >qU>quw yksdlHkk {ks= esa vkrk gS -------------------------- QrsgiqjA
t;iqj ftys dk dkSulk fo/kkulHkk {ks= lhdj yksdlHkk {ks= esa 'kkfey gS ----------------------------- pkSewA
lqUnj foykl ds jpf;rk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- lqUnj nklA
ikoZukFk pfj= ds jpf;rk gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Jh/kj tSuA
jsfxLrku esa fufeZr nqxZ dks dgk x;k gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- /kUou nqxZA
xkxjksu dk fdyk fdl Js.kh esa vkrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ty nqxZA
jktiwrkus ds fdl ujsk us loZFke dU;ko/k jksdus dk ;kl fd;k ---------------------- lokbZ t;flagA
tks/kiqjh lkQk iwjs Hkkjr esa D;ksa fl) gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------- cU/kst ds fy,A
iwfpZ;k vkHkw"k.k iguk tkrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- dykbZ ijA
Fke jktLFkku fo/kkulHkk dk xBu gqvk Fkk ------------------------------------------------------------------- 26 vSy 1951
t;iqj ds cukjl ds uke ls izfl) izkphu ifo= dq.M fdl LFkku ij gS ------------ xyrk&t;iqjA
vykmhu dh efLtn fLFkr gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- tkykSjA
ukSVadh ,oa jkeyhyk jktLFkku ds fdl Hkkx esa vf/kd yksdfiz; gS ------------------------------------------- iwohZA
jktLFkku esa fL=;ksa ds lqgkx dh fukkuh dk vkHkw"k.k gS ------------------------ gkFkhnkar ;k yk[k dk pwM+k
gYnh?kkVh ;q) ds ihNs vdcj dk eq[; ms; D;k Fkk --------------------------------------- lkezkT;oknh uhfrA
jktLFkku ds fdl {ks= esa ukSVadh lokZf/kd
yksdfiz; gS --------------------------------------- HkjriqjA
lokZf/kd Qly mRiknd ftys
'ks[kkokVh dh n; LFkyh gS ------------------------------eDdk
fpkkSMx<
---------------------------------------------------------------------- lhdjA
cktjk
ckMesj
u`R; dh dFkd 'kSyh dk vkfne ?kjkuk
dkSulk gS ------------------------------------------------- t;iqjA
Tokj
vtesj
,d ljl yksd xhr esa ,slh ckfydk dh
xaxkuxj
xsg]w ] jkbZ o ljlksa rFkk dqy
O;Fkk gS ftldk laca/k rks r; gks pqdk gS
frygu
ysfdu fookg esa nsjh gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- eksfj;kA
pkoy] dikl
guqekux<
_Xosn esa mfYyf[kr foo dk izkphure ok|
tkS] eqaxQyh] dqy [kk|ku
t;iqj
;a= gS --------------------------------------------- uVjkt fkoA
eksB
chdkusj
jktLFkku esa lqjfy;k vkHkw"k.k iguk tkrk gS
-------------------------------------------------------------------- xys esaA
puk
pq:
dkapyh dk ;ksx fL=;ksa }kjk fd;k tkrk gS
ewx] dqy nkysa
ukxkSj
------------------------------------ Lruksa dks <dus ds fy,A
fry
ikyh
ekslj D;k gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- e`R;q Hkkst dh FkkA
vylh
dksVk
Lora=rk lsukuh ,oa 'kghn lkxjey xksik
lks;kchu
>kykokM+
dgka ds fuoklh Fks ------------------------- tSlyesjA
xUuk
cwnh
fdl Lora=rk lsukuh dks tsy esa gh ftUnk
tyk fn;k Fkk -------------------------- lkxjey xksikA
[khaph okM+k ds uke dkSulk {ks= fl) Fkk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- xkxjksuA
fdl i'kq dh vkfr ]tks eksgj ij feyh] ftlls ;g Kku gksrk gS fd fla/kq ?kkVh o
eslksiksVkfe;ka dh lH;rkvksa ds e/; O;kikfjd lacU/k Fks ------------------------------------------------------------------ cSyA
~Page-64~
773 ohj lsukuh fot;flag ifFkd dk ewy uke D;k Fkk ------------------------------------------------------------------ Hkwi flagA
774 o"kZ 1921 esa fdlkuksa dk lqvj fojks/kh vkUnksyu fdl LFkku ij pyk Fkk --------------------------- vyojA
775 Indian Music uked iqLrd *jkseu&vkaxyk* Hkk"kk esa fdlus fy[kh ----------------cS.M ekLVj fo}ku
fofy;e tsEl chdkusj
776 fljksgh dk yksdxhr gS ------------------- <ksykek:A
777 V ds xys dk vkHkw"k.k gksrk gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- xksjcanA
778 iapk;rhjkt fdl lwfp dk fo"k; gS --------------------------------------------------------------------- jkT; lwfp dkA
779 jkeiqjk vkaxqpk xkjusV ds fy, izfl) gS ] ;g fdl ftys esa fLFkr gS ----------------------------- HkhyokM+kA
780 ,d jtokM+h xhr ftlesa ifr dh izfr{kk djrh gqbZ ,d ukjh dh fojg O;Fkk gS -------------------------------------------------------------- dslfj;k ckyeA
781 rsjgrkyh u`R; ds fy, izfl) gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------- jkensojk esykA
782 fjeksV lsaflsx ,Iyhdsku lsaVj dh LFkkiuk jkT; esa dgka dh xbZ gS --------------------------------- t;iqj esaA
783 DWCRA ;kstuk fdlls lacfU/kr gS -----------------------------------------------------------xjhch js[kk lsa uhps ds xzkeh.k cPpksa o efgyk lnL;ks dh fLFkfr es lq/kkj gsrwA
784 lkxoku jksi.k gsrw lcls mi;qDr ftys dkSuls gS -------------------------------------------- cklokM+k ,o mn;iqjA
785 lseQsDl ;kstuk fdlds }kjk ykxq dh xbZ gS ------------------------------------------------------------------ R.F.C }kjkA
786 gEehj egkdkO; ds vuqlkj ;q) esa lQyrk dh vkkk u jgus ij gEehj us viuk 'khk dkVdj
vfiZr fd;k ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hkxoku 'kadj dksA
787 >kyh jkuh dk ekfy;k egy fdl nqxZ esa fLFkr gS ----------------------------------------------------- fpkkSM+ nqxZ esaA
788 t;iqj ds jkexat pkSiM+ ds vkxs rsfy;ksa ds jkLrsa esa Mkxqj ?kjkus dk iqrSuh edku tgk gj o"kZ
laxhr lekjksg vk;ksftr gksrk gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- cgjke [kk dh pkS[kVA
789 jktLFkkuh ukVdksa ds tud ,oa funsZkd Fks ------------------------------------------------------- Jh dUgS;kyky iaokjA
790 jktLFkkuh efgykvksa }kjk xk;s tkus okys os lxq.kHkfDr yksdxhr ftlesa eq[;r% jke vkSj d`".k
nksuksa dh yhykvksa dk o.kZu gksrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- gjtlA
791 guqeku th dh tuuh vatuknsoh dk eafnj dgka gS -------------------------------------------------------------- lqtkux<+A
792 ukxkSjh] Fkkjikjdj] dkadjst] ekyoh] xhj vkfn uLysa gS ------------------------------------------------- xk;ksa dhA
793 ekykuh ioZr fLFkr gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- tkykSj] ckyksrjk&ckMesjA
794 jkT; dh igyh phuh fey dkSulh o dgka gS
&nh esokM+ 'kqxj fey fy0 Hkksikylkxj &
fpkkSM+x<+ ] 1932 esa
795 vfHkuo Hkkjr dh LFkkiuk fdlus dh ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ohj lkojdj usA
796 eqxy&jktiwr fe=rk dk Jhx.ksk fd;k Fkk ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- vdcj usA
797 gjM+k lEesyu dk v/;{k Fkk --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- txrflag 1734
798 og dkSulk esyk gS ftl ij Hkkjr ljdkj us ekpZ 1988 esa jksd yxk nh Fkh ----- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------jk.kh lrh esyk
799 jktLFkku esa R;kx izFkk dk lacU/k fdl oxZ ds lekt ls Fkk --------------------------------------------------- {ksf=;A
800 'khke ;k lkxoku dh ydM+h ls cuk;k tkus okyk ok| ;a= 'kgukbZ ftlds izeq[k oknd Fks
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- mLrkn fcfLeYyk [kkA
801 yIik] yIih] fdj.k o ckdjh ;s lc D;k gS ---------------------------------------------- xksVs ds fHkUu&fHkUu izdkjA
802 jktLFkku esa foLr`r :i ls izkI; vTofyr bZa/ku [kfut dkSulk gS -------------------------------------- vHkzdA
803 **:ikth o dìkth** uked fdlku usrkvksa dk laca/k fdl vkUnksyu ls gS --------------------------- cSaxwA
~Page-65~
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fpkkSM+ dk ;q) dc gqvk -------------------------- 1303 es jko jRuflag ,oa vykmhu f[kyth ds e/;A
lj VkWel jks fdl o"kZ jktLFkku vk;k --------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1615 esa
cqanh ds izfl) dfo lw;ZeYy feJ.k dk tUe gqvk -------------------------------------------------- gj.kk xko &cwanhA
fdl fp= 'kSyh esa ihyk jax iz/kku jgk --------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ chdkusjA
dyk izse vkSj HkfDr dk lkeatL; fdl fp= 'kSyh esa ik;k tkrk gS --------------------- fdkux<+ 'kSyhA
izfl) ok| ;a= jko.k gRFkk cuk;k tkrk gS ---------- ukfj;y ds [kksy ij cdjs dk peM+k p<kdjA
Jh ljLorh iqLrdky; dgka fLFkr gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Qrsgiqj lhdj
vkfnoklh laLfr esa yksdk;h D;k gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- e`R;q Hkkst FkkA
C;koj cknkkg esys ds fy, fl) gS rks cwnh ------------------------------------------------ dtyh rht ds esys gsrw
jktLFkku esa iRFkj ekj gksyh ds fy, fl) gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ckMesjA
QM+ u`R; esa fdrus O;fDr gksrs gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 42
nkSlk&lokbZek/kksiqj {s= esa dkSulk [;ky fl) gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------ gsykA
jkT; dh fl) ek.M xkf;dk gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- vYykg ftYyk ckbZA
jktLFkku esa R;sd ftys es lgdkjh cSad dk uke gS ------------------------------------------------------------- ukckMZA
vkfn ojkg dh mikf/k fdl jktiwr 'kkld us /kkj.k dh ------------------------------------------------- fefgj HkkstA
mLrkn dgykus okys fp=dkjksa us fHkfk fp= fdl uxj es cuk;s gS ----------------------------- chdkusj esaA
*c<kj dk Hkkst* fdl ekSds ij j[kk tkrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ fookgA
gkMksrh cksyh jktLFkku ds fdu {ks=ksa es cksyh tkrh gS ----------------------------------- dksVk] cwanh] >kykokM+A
jktLFkkuh *rkjk Hkkar dh vks<uh* dk igukok fdu efgykvksa esa izpfyr gS -------------------- vkfnoklhA
dSj dh ydM+h ls cukk tkus okyk ok| ;a= dkSulk gS --------------------------------------------------------- fpdkjkA
dkycsfy;k u`R; dh izeq[k
ufn;ksa ds fdukjs cus nqxZ
u`R;kaxuk gS -------------------- xqykcksA
vkgw o dkyhfla/k ds laxe ij
Xkxjksu fdyk
*okyj u`R;* fdl tkfr }kjk
pEcy o ckeuh ufn;ksa ds laxe ij
HkSaljksMx<+
fd;k tkrk gS ------------- xjkfl;kA
ijou unh ds fdukjs
'ksjx<
jktLFkku ds fdl ftys esa rsy
xaHkhjh o csM+p unh;ksa ds laxe LFky
fpkkSM+x< nqxZ
,oa izkd`frd xSal dh laHkkouk,a
ds fudV igkM+h ij
vPNh gS ----------------------- tSlyesjA
jktLFkku es i=dkfjrk ds *Hkh"e ijou o dkyh[kakn ufn;ksa ds laxe
euksgj Fkkuk nqxZ
firkeg* ds uke ls fdugsa tkuk
pEcy unh ads fdukjs
dksVk nqxZx< iSysl
tkrk gS ----------- ia >kcjey 'kekZ
lkseunh
lkseukFk eafnj
'ks[kkokVh vapy esa dPNh ?kksM+h
ufn;ksa ds f=os.kh laxe
u`R; esa iz;ksx fd;k tkus okyk
ok| ;a= -------------------------- >ka>A
Ekkgh&lkse &tk[ke ds laxe ij
oS.ksoj /kke&Mqaxjiqj
jktLFkku dk igyk pkSgku jkT;
cukl&esuky&csM+p ds laxe ij
esuky&HkhyokM+k
dkSulk Fkk ------------------ ukMksyA
cukl& pEcy&lhi ds laxe ij
jkesoj ?kkV&l-eki;ZVu dh n`f"V ls egy ,oa
QOokjksa ds fy, izfl) uxj gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MhxA
jktLFkku dh izfl) CY;w ikSVjh dh nLrdkjh dk mn~Hko dgka ls gqvk ---------------------------------- ifkZ;kA
jktLFkku ds fdl ftys esa jkT; ljdkj lcls vf/kd i'kq&esyksa dk vk;kstu djrh gS ----- ukxkSj
ukSxkok ads tSu eafnj esa rhFkZdj Jh eYyhUkkFk th dk ukSpkSfd;k eafnj ftlesa Jh eYyhUkkFk th
dh izfrek esa ihB ij izkfLr vafdr gS ] ;g dgka gS ----------------------------------- vyoj&fnYyh ekxZ ijA
~Page-66~
834 gkM+ksrh dk [ktqjkgks ftls jktLFkku dk feuh [ktqjkgks Hkh dgk tkrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hk.Mnsojk ds fkoeafnjA ckjk
835 Hkkjr dk lcls cM+k fkykys[k gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- jkt izkfLrA
836 jktLFkku LFkkiR; dyk dk tud fdls dgk tkrk gS ---------------------------------------- egkjk.kk dqEHkk dksA
837 dkSulh /kkrq ,d [kfut ugha gksrh gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ,LcsLVkWlA
838 vtesj ds fudV fryksfu;k ifj;kstuk fdlls lacfU/kr gS -------------------------------------------------------------- tyA
839 jktLFkku esa lcls vf/kd laxfBr o izkphu m|ksx dkSulk gS --------------------------------- lwrh oL= m|ksx
840 chdkusj ds rSarhl djksM+ nsork eafnj esa fdldh izfrek gS ------------------------------------------- gsjEc x.kifrA
841 t;iqj] cwanh rFkk ejkBksa ds chp ijLij lacU/kksa dk Kku fdl xzUFk ls feyrk gS & oak HkkLdjA
842 vkgM+ laLd`fr gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- rkez ik"kk.k dkyhu
843 vkgM+ lH;rk dk fo/oak gqvk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ck<+ ds dkj.k
844 lkxM+h Fkk dk vFkZ gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- cU/kqvk etnwj A
845 jktLFkku jkT; iFk ifjogu fuxe dh LFkkiuk dc gqbZ ------------------------------------------- 1 vDVwcj 1964
846 ifjogu foHkkx dk eq[;ky; fLFkr gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- t;iqj esaA
847 Hkjriqj esa dsoyknso i{kh fogkj esa ty&if{k;ksa ds fy, ,d >hy cuh gqbZ gSA bl >hy esa ikuh
fdl ck/k ls vkrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ vtkuA
848 vkgM+ fLFkr gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- mn;iqj esaA
849 vkksd dk vfHkys[k jktLFkku esa dgka fLFkr gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------- fojkVuxjA
850 Hkkjr ds eq[k ifjiFk lqugjk f=dks.k ij jkT; dk dkSulk oU; tho vkjf{kr {ks= vofLFkr gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- dsoyknso jk"Vh; m|kuA
851 mM+u fxygjh fdl vH;kj.; esa ik;h tkrh gSa --------------------------------------------------- lhrkekrk vH;kj.;A
852 cSjkB dk izkphu xzUFkksa esa tks uke feyrk gS ]og gS --------------------------------------------------------------- fojkVuxjA
853 esokuxj ds tSu rhFkZ ds uke ls tkus tkus okyk rhFkZ LFky ------------------------------------ udksM+k&ckMesjA
854 udksM+k ds eq[; eafnj esa rsblosa tSu rhFkZdj Hkxoku ikoZukFk dh izfrek gSA
855 fdjkM+w dh LFkkiR; dyk fdl 'kSyh dh gS ------------------------------------------------------------- Hkkjrh; ukxj 'kSyhA
856 ydos ds ejhtksa dk bZykt fdl eafnj esa fd;k tkrk gS --------- vlkojk ekrk dk eafnj&fpkkSM+x<+
857 nsk dk ,dek= eafnj tgka nsork ds dsoy dslj gh p<kbZ tkrh gS ------ _"kHknso eafnj&mn;iqj
858 jktLFkku dk izfl) yksdxhr ftlesa jktLFkkuh L=h dk ifrozr /keZ ij vVy jguk crk;k x;k
gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- if.kgkjhA
859 Me: dh vkd`fr ls feyrk&tqyrk ,d ok| ;a= tks rqEcs ls curk gS ----------------------------------- HkiaxA
860 dsoyknso ?kuk i{kh fogkj dks jk"Vh; m|ku dc ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k ----------------------- 26 vxLr 1980
861 ,fk;k dh lcls cM+h u e.Mh gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- chdkusj laHkkxA
862 og dkSulh unh gS tks cSjkB dh igkfM+;ks ls fudydj Qrsgkckn ds fudV ;equk esa feyrh gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ck.kxaxkA
863 t;iqj ds dRFkd ?kjkuk ds izoZrd dkSu gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HkkuwthA
864 ykaxqfj;k u`R; fdl esys dk izfl) gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- dSyknsoh esykA
865 rLrjhuqek vkfr okys igkM+ tks mn;iqj csflu dks ?ksjs gq, gS mls LFkkuh; Hkk"kk esa dgrs gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fxokZA
866 fdl fp=dyk 'kSyh ij eqxy izHkko vf/kd gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------- vkesj 'kSyhA
~Page-67~
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nsk dh igyh QM+ iM+ fprsjh efgyk gS -------------------------------------------------------------- Jherh ikoZrh tkskhA
jkT; dk ,dek= i'kqfpfdRlk egkfo|kky; fdl LFkku ij gS ---------------------------------------------- chdkusjA
bfUnjk xk/kh ugj ifj;kstuk es fyV ugjksa dh la[;k gS ---------------------------------------------------------------- 8
jktLFkku esa Hkksiksa dk eq[; ok| ;a= gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- jko.k gRFkkA
izR;{k thoukkL= ds ys[kd gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ghjkyky 'kkL=hA
xkxjksu dk ;q) dc o fduds e/; gqvk -------------- 1519 esa jk.kk lkaxk o egewn f[kyth ds e/;
Hkjriqj i{kh fogkj esa lkbcsfj;u lkjl dk tks ego gS oSlk gh egko xtusj vH;kj.; esa fdl
fonskh vfrfFk i{kh dk gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- bEihfj;y lSUM xzkmtA
874 dkSulk ;q) Hkkjrh; bfrgkl esa *ehy dk iRFkj * fl) gqvk ----------------------- rjkbu dk f}rh; ;q}
875 izfl) eqfLye lar [oktk eqbuqhu fprh fdlds 'kkludky esa vtesj vk;s Fks ----- i`Fohjkt III
876 :Bh jk.kh *mekns* fdl jkBkSM+ 'kkld dh iRuh Fkh ----------------------------------------------------------- jko ekynsoA
877 xaxugj fdl unha ls fudkyh xbZ gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lrty unhA
878 c.kh&B.kh fpf=r xzUFk fdl fp=dkj dk gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- fugkypUnA
879 jktLFkkuh fp=dyk dk mn~Hko LFky dkSulk gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- eSokM+A
880 jktLFkku esa 24 vDVwcj 1995 dks iw.kZ lw;Zxzg.k dk vn~Hkqr utkjk ns[kus gsrq fonskksa ls oSKkfud
fdl LFkku ij ,df=r gq, Fks ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- uhe dk Fkkuk& lhdjA
881 lkxoku dh ydM+h ls cuk;k tkus okyk ok| ;a= ----------------------------------------------------------------------- lkjaxhA
882 czt] Hkjriqj ] /kksyiqj {ks= esa fdl izdkj ds xhrksa dh iz/kkurk gS ---------- Jaxkj jl iz/kku jfl;k
883 gkMksrh {ks= dk og yksdfiz; xhr ] ftlesa ,d iRuh ftls fcPNq us Ml fy;k gS vkSj og ejus
okyh gS] vius ifr dks nwljk fookg djus dk lansk nsrh gS ---------------------------------------------------- chNwM+ksA
884 txeafnj egy fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ fdkksjlkxj rkykc dksVk
885 'khryk ekrk dk ijEijkxr iqtkjh gksrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- dqEgkjA
886 xksxkth dh lekf/k LFky gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- xksxkesM+h] uksgj&guqekux<+A
887 jktLFkku dh vkfr dSlh gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fo"ke prq"dks.kh;A
888 gokegy dk fuekZ.k fdlus djok;k --------------------------------------------------------------- 1799 esa lokbZ rkiflagA
889 jktLFkku esa xSVksj dh Nrjh;k fdl oak ds jkt ifjokj ls lacfU/kr gS -------------------------- dNokgkA
890 lu~ 2011 dh tux.kuk ds vuqlkj jkT; dk taula[;k ?kuRo fdruk gS&201 O;fDr@oxZ fdeh891 fxjh&lqesy dk ;q) dc gqvk ------------------------------- tuojh 1544 esa 'ksjkkg lwjh o ekynso ds chpA
892 rjkbu ds ;q) dk foLr`r fooj.k fdl xzUFk esa kIr gksrk gS ----------------------------------- i`Fohjkt jklksA
893 jktLFkku dk orZeku ukedj.k dc gqck ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 26 tuojh 1950
894 rjkbu dk eSnku orZeku esa dgka gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ djuky&gfj;k.kkA
895 jktLFkkuh lkfgR; dh eq[k 'kSfy;ka gS ------------------------------------------------------------------ fMaxy vkSj fiaxyA
896 lEiw.kZ Hkkjr esa lk{krk nj 65-38 frkr gS nsk ds lUnHkZ esa jktLFkku dk lk{krk esa LFkku gS &
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19 ok@ 29 okA
897 fMaxy 'kCn dk ;ksx dc o fdlus fd;k ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------fo-l-1871 esa vkfla;k ckdhnkl us viuh jpuk dqdfocrhlh esaA
898 ,d vkfn ok| ;a= ftls ukFk] lk/kq lU;klh] tu vkfn esa ,d gkFk dh vaxqyh ls ctkrs gS ------------------------------------------------------------------- bdrkjk ukjnth
899 ,d Jaxkfjd xhr tks foks"kdj gksyh ds volj ij pax ij xk;k&ctk;k tkrk gS -----dktfy;ksaA
~Page-68~
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t;iqj dk og fl) Lekjd ftldh f}rh; 'krkCnh 1999 esa eukbZ xbZ ------------------------ gokegyA
jktLFkku dk xkSjo fdl uxj dks dgk tkrk gS --------------------------------------------------------------------- fpkkSM+x<
ty>wyuha ,dknkh dks esyk dgka jrk gS ------------- lkaofy;k th eafnj ]e.Mfi;k xko&fpkkSM+x<
vknkZ xzke iapk;r dk;Ze dk 'kqHkkjEHk dgka ls fd;k x;k ----edysM+k xko]fiijkyh i-l-&lhdj
,d ,slk ok| ;a= tks chtk] lou] lqikjh vkSj cM+ ds isM+ ds rus ls cuk;k tkrk gS &i[kkotA
lS;n lSQqhu vCnqy ogkc cM+s ihj dh njxkg fLFkr gS ----------------------------------------------------------- ukxkSj
Qlyksa ds j{kd nso ds :i esa iwts tkus okys Hkxoku j.kNksM+jk; dk esyk dc Hkjrk gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- QkYxqu 'kqDyk ,dknkh cklokM+k
jktLFkku esa UkkSVadh dk pyu fdlus fd;k ------------------------------------------------------------- Jh Hkwjhyky Mhx
jktLFkku dk lcls izkphu yksdukV~; tks yksdukV~;ksa dk es:ukV; dgk tkrk gS --- xaojh@jkbZ
jkT; esa vjkoyh ioZr Ja[kyk dk foLrkj J[kykac) :i esa gSa ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------nf{k.k&ifpe esa fljksgh ftys ls kjEHk gksdj mkj&iwoZ esa [ksrM+h >qU>quw rdA
jkT; esa vjkoyh ioZr Ja[kyk dh dqy yEckbZ gS -------------------------------------------------------------------- 550 fdehvjkoyh ioZr Ja[kyk dh apkbZ leqnzry ls gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 930 ehVj
jkT; esa lokZf/kd jk"Vh; jktekxksZa dh la[;k okyk ftyk gS -------------------------------------------------- vtesjA
taula[;k dh n`f"V ls lcls cM+k ftyk ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- t;iqjA
taula[;k dh n`f"V ls lcls NksVk ftyk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- tSlyesjA
{ks=Qy dh n`f"V ls lcls cM+k ftyk ------------------------------------------------------- tSlyesj 38501 oxZ fdeh-
{ks=Qy dh n`f"V ls lcls NksVk ftyk ----------------------------------------------------------- /kksyiqj 3034 oxZ fdeh-
ik/kk; thou ve`r ;kstuk dc 'kq: dh xbZ --------------------------------------------------------- 14 vx-2006 dksA
bl ;kstuk esa chehr lnL; ds 9 oha ls 12 oha d{kk ds 2 cPpksa dks ljdkj dh rjQ ls chek
jkfk nh tkrh gS ---------------------------------- 300@& fr Nk= frekgh ;k okf"kZd 1200 :i;s fr Nk=A
jkT; dh LFkyh; lhek gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5920 fdeh-A
lu~ 1842 o 1843 esa iM+s foukkdkjh vdky dk uke Fkk &----------------------------------------- lglk ewnlkA
foe lEor~ 1956 ds o"kZ esa Hkh Hk;adj vdky iM+k ftls uke fn;k x;k -------- Nifu;k vdky
nsk dk igyk jkT; ]tgk gjs pkjs ds fy, 2 uo- 2002 dks U;wure leFkZu ewY; dh ?kks"k.kk dh
xbZ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- jktLFkku A
30 ekpZ 1949 ls iwoZ jktLFkku es dqy fdruh fj;klrsa Fkh --------------------------------------------------------------19
jktLFkku dk ,slk foofo|ky; ftlds v/khu uxj dh lhekvksa ds ckgj dksbZ egkfo|ky; ugha
gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- t;ukjk;.k O;kl foofo|ky; & tks?kiqjA
jktLFkku dk ,dhdj.k dqy fdrus pj.kksa esa gqvk -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7
jktLFkku ds ,dhdj.k dk Js; gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ljnkj iVsy dksA
vyoj jkT; es tutkxj.k dk Js; fdls tkrk gS -------------------------------------------- ia0 gfjukjk;.k 'kekZA
jktLFkku ,dhdj.k ds le; og uxj tgka fk{kk foHkkx j[kus dk fu.kZ; gqvk ---------------chdkusjA
vjkoyh ioZr Ja[kyk ds iwohZ Hkkx esa jktLFkku ds fdrus ftys vkrs gS ---------------------------------------- 19
jkT; dk izFke o nsk dk 14 ok varjjk"Vh; gokbZ vM~Mk ---------------------------------------- lkaxkusj&t;iqj
jkT; esa cS|ukFku lfefr dk xBu fd;k x;k ------- lgdkjh lk[k O;oLFkk dks etcwr djus gsrqA
og ftyk ftles dksbZ Hkh jk"Vh; jktekxZ ugha xqtjrk -------------------------------------------------------------- >qU>quwA
jk"Vh; jktekxksZa dh lokf/kd yEckbZ okyk ftyk -------------------------------------------------- tks/kiqj 504 fdeh-
~Page-69~
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jkT; dk lcls O;Lrre jk"Vh; jktekxZ -------------------------------------------------------------- N.H.-8 677 fdeh-

jkT; dk lcls NksVk jk"Vh; jktekxZ------------------------------------------------------------------------- N.H.- 28 fdeh-
jkT; dk lokZf/kd yEck jk"Vh; jktekxZ------------------------------------------------------------- N.H.-15 874 fdeh-
jkT; esa jk"Vh; jktekxksZ dh la[;ka gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21
ihys lksus ds uke ls fl) m|kfudh Qly ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- tkstksckA
jkT; dh lcls cM+h ugj ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- bafnjk xk/kh ugj IGNP
lcls yEch fyV ugj ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ daojlsu fyV ugjA
og unh ftldk mn~xe jktLFkku ls gksrk gS vkSj viuk ty [kEHkkr dh [kkM+h es mMsyrh gS]
ml unh dk uke D;k gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lkcjerhA
jktLFkku iapk;rh jkt vf/kfu;e ykxq gqvk --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23-04-1999
jkT; dk jktdh; iq"i gS ------------------jktLFkku ds eq[k lkaLfrd laLFkku
---------------------------------------------------- jksfgM+kA
jkT; dk jktdh; o`{k gS -------------------jktLFkku yfyr dyk vdkneh
t;iqj 1957
----------------------------------------------------- [kstM+hA
t;iqj dFkd dsUnz
t;iqj 1978
jkT; dk jktdh; i{kh gS ------------------jktLFkku laxhr laLFkku
t;iqj 1950
------------------------------------------------- xksMkouA
jfoUnz eap
t;iqj 1963
jkT; dk jktdh; i'kq gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------- fpadkjkA
Tokgj dyk dsUnz
t;iqj 1993
jkT; dk jktdh; [ksy gS -----------------jktLFkku Ldwy vkWQ vkVZl~
t;iqj 1888
-------------------------------------------- ckLdsVckyA
jaxeap
t;iqj 1974
jktLFkku dk izfl) yksdu`R; gS -----jktLFkku czt Hkk"kk vdkneh
t;iqj
-------------------------------------------------------- ?kqejA
jktLFkku laLr vdkneh
t;iqj
jkT; esa jk"Vh; m|ku gS ---------------- 3
rFkk izLrkfor ------------------------------------ 2
yksd dyk e.My
mn;iqj 1952
jkT; esa e`xou gS --------------------------- 7
ifpeh {ks= lkaLfrd dsUnz
mn;iqj 1952
Hkjriqj dks lkrok laHkkx cukus dh
jktLFkku lkfgR; vdkneh
mn;iqj
vf/klwpuk dc tkjh dh xbZ -------------jktLFkku laxhr ukV~; vdkneh
tks/kiqj 1957
-------- 4 twu 2005 dksA
uoxfBr Hkjriqj laHkkx esa dkSu &
jktLFkku Hkk"kk] lkfgR; o laLfr
chdkusj
dkSuls ftyksa dks feykdj u;k
vdkneh
laHkkx cuk;k ----- 1 t;iqj laHkkx
ls 2 ftys Hkjriqj o /kksyiqj rFkk 2 dksVk laHkkx ls 2 ftys djkSyh o lokbZek/kksiqj fy, x;sA
jktLFkku dh e:xaxk o thou js[kk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ bafnjk xk/kh ugjA
jkT; dh lcls ph >hy ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- uDdh >hyA
Hkkjr dh lcls cM+h [kkjs ikuh dh >hy ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- lkaHkjA
,fk;k dh lcls cM+h o foo dh nwljh cM+h ehBs ikuh dh d`f=e >hy -------------------------------------t;leanA
jktLFkku ds ,dhdj.k ls iwoZ xaxkuxj fdl fj;klr dk Hkkx Fkk --------------------------------------- chdkusjA
ckxM+ o dkaBy dh xaxk --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ekghA
ufn;ksa ds f=os.kh laxe fLFkr gS ----------------------------------- HkhyokM+k] Mwxjiqj o lokbZ ek/kksiqj ftyksa esaA
lokZf/kd ek=k esa lrgh ty okyh unh ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ pEcy unhA
jkT; esa laxejej dh ewfrZ;ka dgka curh gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- t;iqj esaA
~Page-70~
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jkT; esa iw.kZr% cgus okyh lcls yEch unh dkSulh gS --------------------------------------------------------- cukl unhA
jktdh; iq"Ii&jksfgM+k dk okuLifrd Hkk"kk esa uke D;k gS --------------------------------- Vsdksesyk vuMqysaVkA
dksVk fdl unh ds fdukjs clk gqvk gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- pEcy unhA
jktLFkku esa HkkV tkfr ds eq[; dk;Z D;k gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------fofHkUu ifjokjksa dh oakkoyha dk vfHkys[k j[kukA
jktLFkku esa HkkV tkfr ds yksx fdl tkfr&foks"k ds ifjokjksa dh oakkoyha dk vfHkys[k j[krs gS
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------- eqfLyeA
dud oÙnkou tks fd t;iqj esa fLFkr gS ] dk fuek.kZ fdlus djk;k ---------------- lokbZ t;flag us
VSfFkl lkxj ds voks"k orZeku esa dgka ik;s x, gS -------------------------------------------------------------------- lkEHkjA
jktLFkku es lkr laHkkx gS] lcls vf/kd ftys fdl laHkkx esa gS --------------- tks/kiqj&mn;iqj 6&6
mn;iqj laHkkx esa dkSulk u;k ftyk xfBr fd;k x;k gS ---------------------------------------------------- rkix<+A
?kfM+;kyksa dh 'kj.k&LFkyh --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- pEcyA
nf{k.kh jktLFkku dh Lo.kZ js[kk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ekghA
jktLFkku fuek.kZ ds izFke pj.k dk uke *eRL; la?k* j[kus dk lq>ko fdlus fn;k ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Jh ds-,e-eqakhA
ddZ js[kk dks nks ckj ikj djus okyh unh ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ekghA
jkT; dh ckjgeklh ufn;ka ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- pEcy o ekghA
jktLFkku la?k ds fuek.kZ ds le; foy; i= ij gLrk{kj djrs le; ;g fdlus dgk Fkk fd
&**eSa vius MsFk okj.V ij gLrk{kj dj jgk gw** ----------------------- egkjkoy pUnzohj flag ckalokM+k
fdl frfFk dks fro"kZ jktLFkku fnol euk;k tkrk gS ----------------------------------------------------- 30 ekpZ dks
jkteq[k ds LFkku ij jkT;iky in dk l`tu dc gqvk ---------------- lafo/kku ds 7 osa lakks/ku }kjk
U;wure o"kkZ okyk ftyk -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- tSlyesjA
iaNhMk uked yksdf; xhr fdl Lora=rk lSukuh }kjk jfpr gS ---------------------- ekf.kD;yky oekZA
vtesj dks uxj&fuxe dc cuk;k x;k ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 26 tuojh 2008
lhadyk] >sj.kk] usrjk rFkk fxM+fxM+h fdlls lacfU/kr gS ------------------------------------------------ ngh fcykSus ls
jktLFkku esa fdl jtokM+s us Cyw ikWVjh dks J; fn;k --------------------------------------------------------------- t;iqj
fxj/kj vkfl;ka }kjk fyf[kr fMaxy Hkk"kk dk xzUFk gS ---------------------------------------------------------- lxr jklksA
estk cka/k dk fuekZ.k fdl unh ij gqvk gS -------------------------------------------------------------------- dksVkjh unh ijA
esokM+ esa jkxekyk] jfld f;k ]xhr xksfoUn tSls fo"k;ksa ij y?kq fp= 'kSyh fdl 'kkld ds dky
esa pje lheka ij iagqph \ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- egkjktk txrflagA
lkl&cgq dk eafnj fLFkr gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ukxnk&mn;iqjA
vkfFkZd fiNM+k vk;ksx ds v/;{k gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 'kkhdkar 'kekZA
ckadyh cka/k fdl unha ij gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- lwdM+h unh & tkykSjA
ikuhir dh Fke yM+kbZ dc o fduds chp gqbZ ---------------- 20 vSy 1526 ckcj o bczkfge yksnhA
djkSyh {ks= es **dSyknsoh** dh vkjk/kuk esa xk, tkus okyk xhr ------------------------------------------ ykaxqfj;kA
jktLFkku esa lokZf/kd nh?kZdky rd pyus okyk fdlku vkUnksyu Fkk --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------fctksfy;k fdlku vkUnksyu 1897 ls 1941
Hkkjr o"kZ dk Fke fdlku vkUnksyu Fkk ------------------------------------------------ fctksfy;k fdlku vkUnksyuA
vkesj ds egyksa dk fuekZ.k djok;k ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- jktk ekuflag }kjkA
~Page-71~
995 egkjk.kk rki dh vfUre jkt/kkuh Fkh ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- pko.MA

996 1857 ds foIyo ds le; jktLFkku es lSfud Nkofu;ka Fkh -----------------------------------------------------------------------------C;koj]] ulhjkckn] uhep] ,fjuiqjk] nsoyh o [ksjokM+k mn;iqj
997 1857 ds Fke Lora=rk laxzke dk vkxkt loZFke gqvk Fkk ------------------------------------------- ulhjkckn A
998 vfUre fgUnw jktk Fks --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- egkjk.kk lkaxkA
999 egkjk.kk rki dk tUe gqvk Fkk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ dqEHyx< esa
1000 ydM+h dk cuk xksy ok| ;a= ftls gksyh ds fnuksa esa izk;% 'ks[kkokVh {ks= es pax u`R; ds lkFk
ctk;k tkrk gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- paxA
1001 oj dks tknw Vksus ls cpkus gsrw fL=;ksa }kjk xk;k tkus okyk xhr dgykrk gS --------------------- dke.kA
1002 rjkbu dk izFke ;q) dc o fduds e/; gqvk ------------------------- 1191 esa i`Fohjkt o eksgEen xksjhA
1003 rjkbu dk izFke ;q) dc o fduds e/; gqvk ------------------------- 1192 esa i`Fohjkt o eksgEen xksjhA
1004 fnosj dk ;q) vDVwcj 1582 esa egkjk.kk rki o vdcj ds e/; gqvk A fnosj orZeku jkT; ds
fdl ftys esa fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------jktlean mn;iqj&vtesj ekxZ ij
1005 gYnh?kkVh dk ;q) dc o fduds e/; gqvk ---------------- 18 twu 1576 dks vdcj o egkjk.kk izrkiA
1006 [kkuok dk ;q) dc o fduds e/; gqvk ---------------------------- 17 ekpZ 1527 dks jk.kk lkaxk o ckcj A
1007 tsEl VkWM us gYnh?kkVh dks *esokM+* dh FkeksZiksyh* dgk Fkk ] gYnh?kkVh jkT; ds fdl ftys esa
fLFkr gS ----------- ukFk}kjk ls 11 ehy nf{k.k esa xksxqUnk vkSj [keuksj ds chp dk LFkku&jktleanA
1008 lkjaxh]uQjh]uxkM+k o eathjk fdl yksd ukV~; 'kSyh ds eq[k ok| gSa &
Lokax]ukSVadh]HkokbZA
1009 vykmhu ds njckjh dfo vkSj ys[kd vehj [kqljks dh og egoiw.kZ fr] ftles vykmhu
f[kyth o fpkkSM+ ds jk.kk jRuflag ds e/; 1303 bZ0 esa gq, ;q) dk o.kZu gS&rkjhd&,&vykbZA
1010 cgq:fi;k dyk ds eq[; dykdkj gS -------------------------------------------------------------- ijkqjke ,oa tkudhykyA
1011 egkjktk lokbZrki flag ds vkJe esa jk/kk&xksfoUn laxhr lkj ds fuekZ.k dk Js; gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- nsof"kZ Hk cztikyA
1012 ,d ,slk ok| ;a= tks NksVh yksdh ds rqEcs ls cuk gksrk gS rFkk bl ok| ;a= dks dkycsfy;s
ctkrs gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ iwxh chu
1013 NBs osru vk;ksx dh flQkfjlsa dc ls ykxq dh xbZ ---------------------------------------------------- 1 tuojh 2006
1014 jkT; esa fr O;fDr vk; D;k gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15420 :i;sA
1015 fo|kkFkhZ fe= ;kstuk ds vUrZxr fn;s tkus okys ekuns; D;k&D;k gS ------O;k[;krk in ds fy, ----------------------------- 4000 :- ekfld
ofj"B v/;kid in ds fy, ------------------ 3000 :- ekfld
r`rh; Js.kh v/;kid in ds fy, --------- 2750 :- ekfld
1016 fueZy xzke iqjLdkj ds vUrZxr xzke iapk;r Lrj ij tula[;k ds vk/kkj ij fdrus :i;s dh
iqjLdkj jkfk ljdkj }kjk nh tkrh gS ---------------------tula[;k 1000 jkfk 0.50 yk[k :i;sA
tula[;k 1000 rFkk 1999 jkfk 1.00 yk[k :i;sA
tula[;k =10000 jkfk 5.00 yk[k :i;sA
~Page-72~
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1018
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1020
1021
1022
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1024
1025
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1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
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1042
1043
ehajkckbZ dk tUe LFkku gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- dqdhZ&ukxkSjA

x.kskth dk tUe dc gqvk ------------------------------------------------ Hkknzin 'kqDy prqFkhZ dks e/;k ds le;A
cqf) ds nsork ds :i esa fdls tkuk tkrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Jh x.kskth
lokZf/kd i'kq la[;k okyk ftyk --------------------------------------------------------------------- mn;iqj jkT; dk 33 %
jktLFkku esa vc rd lokZf/kd ckj 7 ckj ctV fdl fok ea=h us isk fd;k --- pUnuey cSnA
jktLFkku dh lqj{kk O;oLFkk dk tk;tk ysus ds fy, jktLFkku if=dk }kjk pyk;k x;k vfHk;ku
------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- vkWijsku CysdgkWyA
jktLFkku if=dk }kjk pyk;k x;k o`{kkjksi.k vfHk;ku -------------------------------------- gfj;kyks jktLFkku A
B.S.F ds tokuksa dks vf/kd pkSdl cukus gsrq ebZ 2006 esa *xeZ gok* ds uke ls pyk;k x;k
vfHk;ku -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vkWijsku ltx gjhA
if{k;ksa dk LoxZ dgs tkus okys ?kkuk i{kh vH;kj.;&Hkjriqj esa foyqIr gks jgs lQsn lkjlksa dks
cpkus gsrw Qjojh 2006 dks pyk;k x;k vfHk;ku ------------------------------ ----------------------------------------jktglA
jktLFkku esa efgyk mRihM+u dks jksdus gsrw pyk;k x;k vfHk;ku -------------------------- vkWijsku xfjekA
jrutksr gksgksck vkSj tkstksck dh [ksrh dks jkT; ljdkj }kjk Lohfr nku dj fdl kafr
dh 'kq:vkr dh xbZ gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ck;ksMhty kafrA
ckgjoka foo >hy lEesyu gky gh esa 28 vDVw- ls 2 uo- 2007 rd dk vk;kstu t;iqj esa
fd;k x;k ftldk uke Fkk ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- rky 2007
jktLFkku ds vUrjkZ"Vh; cl vM~Ms & ekuljksoj ]t;iqj dk fkykU;kl eq[;ea=h olqU/kjk jkts
}kjk fd;k x;k ftldks fd; uke ls tkuk tk;sxk ------------------------------------------------------------------- fnlkojA
jktLFkku dh ,dek= D.N.A. Testing Lab dgka LFkkfir dh tk;sxh ------------------------ t;iqj esaA
cknkeh kafr dk lacU/k fdlls gS ----------------------------------------------------- elkyksa ds mRikn ,oa fu;kZr lsaA
jktLFkku dh lcls cM+h vkoyk eaMh dgka gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- pkSewA
tks/kiqj 'kgj tkuk tkrk gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- lw;Z uxjhA
vjc lkxj esa fxjus okyh ufn;ka gS -------------------------------------------- ywuh] ekgh] lkse] tk[ke] lkcjerhA
caxky dh [kkM+h esa fxjus okyh ufn;ka gS --------------------------------------------------------------------pEcy] cukl] csM+p]
dksBkjh] ikoZrh] [kkjh] dkyhfla/k] ck.kxaxk] ckaMh] <w< o eksjsy rFkk xEHkhjh unhA
vkUrfjd izokg okyh ufn;ka gS ------------------- ?kX?kj]] dkVyh] lkch] dkdus;] vFkok jkdoh :ikjsyA
iwohZ jktLFkku dk dehj dgykrk gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vyojA
jkT; esa H.M.T. dk dkj[kkuk dgka gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ vtesj 1967
jsyos osxu CIMMCO dk dkj[kkuk dgka gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------HkjriqjA
jkT; dk og kafrdkjh tks ce cukus dk foks"kK Fkk -------------------------------------------------------- dqUnuykyA
fdl kafrdkjh us ykMZ gkfMZax ij ce Qsadk Fkk ------------------------------------------------- tksjkoj flag ckgjBA
yksd vnkyr fdl U;k;k/khk dh nsu gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hkxorh lknA
jktLFkku ljdkj us i=dkfjrk ds {ks= esa mYys[kuh; ;ksxnku djus okyh jkT; dh efgyk
i=dkjks ds fy, ,d okf"kZd iqjLdkj ftls fdl uke ls fn;k x;k &bUnzk f;nfkZuh i=dkfjrkA
~Page-73~
jktLFkkuh lkfgR; dh egoiw.kZ fr;ka

fr;ka
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
ys[kd
1- <ksyk ek: jk nwgk

dfo dYykSy
2- in~ekor
efyd eksgEen tk;lh
3- oa'k HkkLdj
lw;ZeYy fel.k
4- psrkouh jk pwxV~;k
dsljh flag ckgjB
5- i`Fohjkt fot;
t;kud
6- ewrk uS.klh jh [;kr
eqg.kksr uS.klh
7- gEehj egkdkO;
u;upUnz lwjh
8- ohj&fouksn
dfojkt ';keey nkl
9- fclynso jklkS
ujifr ukYg
10- ckrka jh Qqyokjh
fot;knku nsFkk
11- ikFkG vkSj ihFkG] /kjrh /kksjka jh
dUgS;kyky lsfB;k
12- ixQsjkas
ef.ke/kqdj
13- rkl jks ?kj
;knosUnz 'kekZ *pUnz*
14- lSuk.kh
es?kjkt eqdqy
15- gk pkn esjk gS
gfjjke eh.kk
jkT; dk og ftyk ftldk tutkrh; izfrkr lokZf/kd gS ------------------------------------------------- cklokM+kA
jkT; dk og ftyk ftldk tutkrh; izfrkr lcls de gS --------------------------------------------------- ukxkSjA
t;iqj ]vyoj dh 'kSyh fdl jax dh gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- gjkA
tks/kiqj] chdkusj dh 'kSyh fdl jax dh gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ihykA
mn;iqj dh 'kSyh fdl jax dh gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ykyA
dksVk dh 'kSyh fdl jax dh gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------uhykA
egkjk.kk rki dh Nrjh dgka gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ckanksyhA
ljlksa vk/kkfjr fo/kqr la;= dh LFkkiuk --------------------------------------------------------------------------- [ksjyh&vyojA
vEcsMdj t;arh lkekjksg 14 vsy 2008 dks dgka euk;k x;k -------------------------------------------- chdkusjA
jktLFkku la/k 25 ekpZ 1948 dk mn~?kkVu fdlus fd;k ------------------------------------- oh- ,u- xkMfxyA
jkT; Lrjh; HkSal iztuu dsUnz fLFkr gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- oYyHkuxjA
jkT; ds ,sls jkT;iky ftudk dk;Zdky ds nkSjku fu/ku gks x;k----------------------njckjk flag 12 osa vkSj
fueZy pUn tSu 14 osa jkT;iky FksA
fllksfn;k jkuh dk ckx dgka gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- t;iqjA
twuk egy fLFkr gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Mqaxjiqj@mn;iqj
twukx<+ fdyk fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ chdkusjA
utj ckx Vksad esa 1824 esa uckc eksgEen gehj [kku }kjk cuokbZ xbZ dksBh dk uke D;k gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- lqugjhA
~Page-74~
1060 jktLFkku esa U.N.F.P.A ifj;kstuk dk ms; fdlls lacfU/kr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------efgyk LokLF; rFkk ifjokj fu;kstuA
1061 mixzg losZ{k.k esa ,df=r vkadM+ks ds vuqlkj Hkkjr ds {ks=Qy dk fdruk izfrkr ouksa ls <dk
gS --------------------------------------------------- 19
1062 dkSulk jk"Vh; jktekxZ iatkc ls jktLFkku ds chdkusj rFkk tSlyesj 'kgj ls gksrk gqvk xqtjkr
tkrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ N.H.-15
jktLFkku ds eq[k egy
flyhls< egy
flyhls< >hy&vyoj
Mhx ds egyty egy] xksikylkxj egy] lwjt egy] uan Hkou
Mhx&Hkjriqj
ykyx<+ iSysl
chdkusj
gokegy] tyegy] flVh iSyslpUnz egy] vkesj ds egy] lkeksn
t;iqj
egy] eqckjd egy
mEesn Hkou Nhrj iSysl
tks/kiqj
lkyhe flag dh gosyh] iVoks dh gosyh] ckny foykl
tSlyesj
[ksrM+h egy]lwjtx<+ egy
>qa>quw
vHksM+k egy
dksVk
jktegy] ".kk foykl egy] jktvkaxu egy] eksrh egy] ekud
mn;iqj
egy] fny[kqk egy] lTtux< iSysl] txfuokl egy]
txeafnj iSysl] ckxksj dh gosyh
dskjckx] Qwylkxj] cwnh iSysl] Qqy egy] lq[kegy] fp=k egy]
cwnh
ckny egy] jRu nkSyr&fnoku&,&vkeA
1063 jktLFkku dk nwljk lcls cM+k 'kgj dkSulk gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- tks/kiqjA
1064 ikojywe m|ksx es Fke *CAD* lsUVj dgka LFkkfir fd;k x;k gS ------------------------------ HkhyokM+k esaA
1065 jkT; dk lcls de tula[;k o`f) nj okyk ftyk --------------------------------------------------------------- jktleanA
1066 jk"Vh; f"k chek ;kstuk dc 'kq: dh xbZ -------------------------------------------------------------------------- o"kZ 2003 esaA
1067 jk"Vh; jktekxZ la[;k 3 jktLFkku ds fdl ftys ls xqtjrk gS ------------------------------------------ /kksyiqjA
1068 dVkfj;k lfefr dk lacU/k gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- iapk;rks lsA
1069 lhlk o tLrk xykbZ la;a= dgka LFkkfir fd;k x;k gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------nsokjh&mn;iqj rFkk pansfj;k&fpkkSM+x<+A
1070 fouksbZ lank; ds oZrd xq: tkEHksoj ls lacaf/kr LFkku gS ---------------------------------------------------- eqdkeA
1071 vkfnoklh yksxks es tkx`fr iSnk djus okys xq: xksfoUn flag fdl ftys ls lacfU/kr gS&ckalokM+k
1072 tljkt pksiM+k lfefr dk lEcU/k gS -------------------------xqtZj leqnk; dks vuqlwfpr tutkfr esa
'kkfey djus o eaFku ds fy, xfBr desVh
1073 1857 ds Lora=rk laxazke dh ukf;dk >klh dh jkuh y{ehckbZ dk tUe gqvk Fkk &dkkhokjk.klh
1074 >klh dh jkuh dk cpiu dk uke D;k Fkk ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- efudf.kZdkA
1075 >klh dh jkuh y{ehckbZ ohjxfr dks kIr gqbZ ----------------------------------------------- 17 twu 1858 Xokfy;j
1076 fl) m|ksxifr LVhy fdax y{eh fuokl feky dk lacU/k fdl ftys ls gS ----------------------- pq:A
1077 lPpj lfefr dk lEcU/k gS ------------------------- Hkk"kk;h vYila[;d dh vkfFkZd ]lkekftd]o 'kS{kf.kd
fLFkfr eaFku gsrwA
~Page-75~
1078 tfLVl ekFkqj lfefr ------------------------ olqU/kjk ljdkj ds le; Hkz"Vkpkj ls lacaf/kr tkap ds fy,A
1079 ladu iksM
a ;kstuk dc o dgka 'kq: dh xbZ --------------- Mwqxjiqj esa NREGS ds lkFk 2-2-2006 lsA
1080 Hkksj fpfM+;k igkM+h ij 12 ebZ 1459 dks cuk;s x;s esgjkux<+ fdys dh nhokj esa ,d thfor
balku dks pquok;k x;k ftldk uke Fkk ------------------------------------------------------------------------ jkft;k es?kokyA
1081 jktLFkku lSd.Mjh cksMZ ,DV 1957 ds vuqlkj RBSE dks 4 fnlEcj 1957 dks t;iqj esa rFkk
bls 1961 esa dgka LFkkfir fd;k x;k ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ vtesj esaA
1082 jkT; dh lokZf/kd maph pksfV;ka gS ------------------xq: fk[kj ekm.V vkcw&fljksgh 1722 ehVj
lsj fljksgh
1597 ehVj
tjxk &HkksjB dk iBkj mn;iqj 1431 ehVj
1083 jkT; esa dkSulh ioZr Ja[kyk xkSMokuk yS.M dk voks"k gS --------------------------- vjkoyh ioZr Ja[kykA
1084 cktjk mEiknu o {ks=Qy nksuksa dh n`f"V ls jkT; dk nsk esa LFkku gS ---------------------------------- FkeA
1085 jkbZ o ljlksa esa jkT; dk nsk esa LFkku gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FkeA
1086 jktLFkku jkT; dk fo/kkue.My gS ------------------------------------------------------------- ,d lnukRed&fo/kkulHkkA
1087 jkT; ls yksdlHkk o jkT;lHkk lnL;ksa dh la[;k ek% gS -------------------------------------------------- 25 o 10
1088 jktLFkku esa laHkkx o ftyks dk lgh vuqikr gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 % 33
1089 mnskkgh] vejkkgh] fot;kgh] 'kkgtgkauh ;s lc D;k gS ----------- jktLFkkuh ixfM+;ksa dh 'kSfy;kaA
1090 fouksbZ lEiznk; ds laLFkkid Fks --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- tkaHkksthA
1091 tSlyesj ds ujsk dqynsoh ds :i esa fdl nsoh dh iwtk djrs Fks ----------------------------- Lokfx;k nsohA
1092 25 ekpZ 1948 dks la;qDr jktLFkku esa fdl fj;klr dk foy; gqvk ------------------------------- rkix<+A
1093 jktLFkku esa jktuhfrd psruk dks loZFke tUe nsus okys dkSu Fks -------------------- fot;flag ifFkdA
1094 jfld&jRukoyh ds ys[kd dkSu Fks ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ukxjhnklA
1095 jktLFkku jkTkdh; vfHkys[kkxkj fdl 'kgj esa gS -------------------------------------------------------------------- chdkusjA
1096 jkt kfLr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ,d vfHkys[kA
1097 dhfrZ &LrEHk kfLr ds fkYidkj dkSu Fks --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- tSrkA
1098 eksrhyky rstkor us usr`Ro nku fd;k Fkk ------------------------------------------------------------ fljksgh ds Hkhyksa dkA
1099 fdl ftys es uskuy oqM QkWfly ikdZ fLFkr gS ----------------------------------------------------------------- tSlyesjA
1100 ,ukyl ,.M ,.VhD;VqfVl vkWQ jktLFkku ds ys[kd gS ------------------------------------------------ tSEl VkWMA
1101 'ks[kokVh {kS= fl) gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fHkfk fp=ksa ds fy,A
1102 ch-,M- dkslZ 'kq: djus ds fy, vuqefr ysuh iM+rh gS ------------------------------------------------ N.C.T.E. lsA
1103 jktLFkku dk dkSulk 'kgj csy cwaVksa dh NikbZ dh ikjEifjd dyk ds fy, tkuk tkrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lkaxkusj&t;iqjA
~Page-76~
1104 jktLFkkuh fopkj/kkjk dh fp=dyk dk vkjfEHkd eq[; dsUnz Fkk ---------------------------------------------------- cwnhA
1105 tlukFkh lank; dh mRifk fdl fj;klr es gqbZ --------------------------------------------------------------------- chdkusjA
1106 cgqskh; unh ?kkVh ifj;kstukvksa dks vk/kqfud Hkkjr ds eafnj fdlus dgk Fkk -------------------------------------------if.Mr Tokgjyky usg:A
1107 gkM+ksrh iBkj dh feh dSlh gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- e/;e dkyhA
1108 jktLFkku esa iou tkZ la;a= dgka LFkkfir gS ----------------------------------------------------------- tks/kiqj&eaFkkfu;kaA
1109 t;iqj uxj dh LFkkiuk dh 250 oha o"kZxkB eukbZ xbZ Fkh ----------------------------------------------- 1979 bZ- esaA
1110 vtesj ds fudV fryksfu;ka ifj;kstuk dk lacU/k gS ------------------------------------------------------------------ ty lsA
1111 egkjk.kk rki ds rhu lwjek ljnkjksa esa ,d eqlyeku Fkk] mldk uke Fkk &gdh [kk lwjhA
1112 jktLFkku ds fdl 'kgj esa ihys iRFkjks dh [kku gS ------------------------------------------------------------------ tSlyesjA
1113 fpidks vkUnksyu ds tUenkrk gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------,l-,y- cgqxq.kkA
1114 jktLFkku Hkkjr esa xzsukbV mRiknu esa fdl LFkku ij gS --------------------------------------------------------------- FkeA
1115 jktLFkku ls eSXlsls iqjLdkj ikus okys Fke O;fDr gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Jherh v:.kkjk; jktleUn
1116 ek/kkslkxj ck/k fdl ftys esa fLFkr gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- nkSlkA
1117 1998 esa jktLFkku ds Fke [ksyjRu iqjLdkj la lEekfur gksus okyk f[kykM+h gS ------ fyEck jke
1118 v<kbZ fnu dk >ksaiM+k fdlus fufeZk djk;k -------------------------------------------------------- dqrqcqhu ,scd usA
1119 Vkbxj laj{k.k gsrq jk"Vh; m|ku gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------- lfjLdk ,oa j.kFkEHkkSjA
1120 jktLFkku ds fdu nks LFkkuks ij ukxkSjh cSyks dk O;kikj gksrk gS --------------- esM+rk flVh] ijcrljA
1121 ftu [kfutksa ds mRiknu esa jktLFkku dk nsk esa Fke LFkku gS ] os [kfut gS &---------------------------------------------------------- ?kh;k iRFkj] pwus dk iRFkj] ,oa laxejejA
1122 ,fk;k dh lcls cM+h Lo.kZ Vdlky dgka fLFkr gS -------------------------------------------------------- t;iqj esaA
1123 >fj;k] dqnzseq[k] [ksrM+h] ,oa dksykj dk lacU/k gS ------------------------------ dks;yk] yksgk] rkack ,oa lksukA
1124 vtk;c?kj] tUrqkkyk] vYcVZ gkWy dgka gS ------------------------------------------------------- jkefuokl ckx&t;iqjA
1125 Hkkjr esa Fke vfgalkRed vlg;ksx vkUnksyu tks 25 o"kksa rd pyk] og Fkk -------------- fctksfy;kA
1126 dkSulk 'kkld fp=dyk ds {ks= esa fl) Fkk ---------------------------------------------------------------------- lkoUr flagA
1127 crd pwtk mRiknu dsUnz gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ckalokM+kA
1128 1857 ds fonzksg ds nkSjku estj cVZu dk lj dkV dj 'kgj esa ?kqek;k x;k] bl 'kgj dk uke
Fkk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ dksVkA
1129 lkS }hiks dk 'kgj fdls dgk tkrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ cklokM+k dksA
1130 ,d jkBksM+ ljnkj us jktLFkku esa loZFke aV dk ;ksx fd;k vkSj xks&j{kk Hkh dh] og Fkk --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ikcwthA
1131 jktLFkku dk ,d kphu nqxZ tks nks ufn;ksa ds laxe ij ,d dBksj pku ij cuk gqvk gS] og
gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- xkxjksuA
1132 HkokbZ u`R; fdl ftys ls lacfU/kr gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- mn;iqjA
1133 fdlh jkT; esa jk"Vifr 'kklu dk vFkZ ml jkT; ij fdlds 'kklu ls gksrk gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- jkT; ds jkT;iky dk 'kklu A
1134 jktk lwjtey jktk Fks ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Hkjriqj dsA
1135 jktLFkku es lqjlaxe }kjk 1989 dh lqj Jh dh mik/kh fdls iznku dh xbZ ------------- ef.k fxgekA
1136 dkSulk LFkku laxejej ds mRiknu ds fy, fl) gS ------------------------------------------------------------ edjk.kkA
~Page-77~
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
jktLFkku rduhdh foofo|ky; dksVk dk lapkyu fd;k x;k -------------------- 16 Qjojh 2006 dksA
ce u`R; fdl {ks= foks"k dk gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vyoj o HkjriqjA
jktLFkku ds Fke fk{kk vk;ksx ds v/;{k Fks ------------------------------------------------------- Jh- ds- dLrqjhjatuA
<ksy u`R; dk lacU/k gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- tkykSj lsaA
ckny egy fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- rkjkx< nqxZ cwnh nqxZ& cwnh
rkjkx< nqxZ dk fuekZ.k fdlus djo;k ------------------------------------------------------------------ jko jktk jRuflag usA
tfLVl frokM+h lfefr dk xBu fd;k x;k gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------jkT; dh futh Ldwyksa esa c<+ jgh Qhl dks fu;U=.k djus ds fy,A
1144 bfUnjk xk/kh ugj dk vfUre xUrO; LFkku dkSulk gS -------------------------------------jkT; esa osk & guqekux<+ ftys esaA
vfUre Nksj eq[; ugj & eksgux<+ tSlyesj
vfUre xUrO; LFkku mikk[kk & xMjk jksM+ ckMesj
~Page-78~
jktLFkku ds eq[k esys ] LFkku ,oa frfFk;ka
123456789-
esyk
QwyMksy esyk
_"kHknso esyk
'khryk ekrk dk esyk
tkSgj esyk
?kksfV;k vEck esyk
dSyk nsoh esyk
x.kxksj esyk
esgfUniqj ckykth dk esyk
lkyklj ckykth dk esyk
1234-
ukjk;.kh ekrk dk esyk

ck.kxaxk esyk
ekr`dqf.M;k esyk
xksresoj esyk
1- lhrk ekrk esyk

2- xaxk nkgjk esyk
12345-
dYio`{k esyk
xqL}kjk cq<+k tksgM+ esyk
rht dk esyk
pkjHkqtkukFk ehajkckbZa esyk
ohjiqjh esyk
1- dtyh rht esyk

2- tUekVeh esyk
3- xksxkuoeha esyk
4- jk.kh lrh dk esyk
5- ckck jkenso esyk
6- jkensojk dk esyk
7- x.kskth dk esyk
8- guqeku th dk esyk
9- ukxiapeh
10- rhFkZ jkt esyk
11- HkrZ`gfj esyk
12- [kstM+yh esyk
pS= ekg ds esys

LFkku
jke}kjk&kkgiqjk HkhyokM+k
_"kHknso&/kqyso
mn;iqj
'khy Mwaxjh&pkdlw t;iqj
fpkkSM+x< nqxZ
?kksfV;k&ckjhxkek ckalokM+k
dSyknsoh& djkSyh
t;iqj o mn;iqj
nkSlk
lkyklj&lqtkux< pq:
cSkk[k ekg ds esys
lfjLdk& vyoj
fojkVuxj& t;iqj
jk'keh &gjukFkiqjk fpkkSM+x<
vjukSn& fpkkSM+x< @rkix<
T;s"B ekg ds esys
lhrkekrk& fpkkSM+x<
Hkjriqj
Jko.k ekg ds esys
ekaxfy;kokl& vtesj
Xakxkuxj
t;iqj
esM+rkflVh& ukxkSj
eaMksj & tks/kiqj
Hkknzin ekg ds esys
cwnh
ukFk}kjk&jktlean
xksxkesM+h&guqekux<
>qa>quw
elwfj;k&tks/kiqj
:.kspk&iksdj.k
j.kFkEHkkSj&lokbZek/kksiqj
ik.Mqiksy&vyoj
eaMksj&tks/kiqj
eapdq.M&/kksyiqj
vyoj
tks/kiqj
~Page-79~
pS=
pS=
pS=
pS=
pS=
pS=
frfFk@ekg
".kk frink ls iapeh rd
".kk v"Veh&uoeha
".kk v"Veh
".kk ,dknkh
pS= vekoL;k
".kk ,de~ ls nkeha v"Veh
".kk rht
pS= iwf.kZek guqeku t;arh
pS= iwf.kZek
cSkk[k
cSkk[k
cSkk[k
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gfj;kyh vekoL;k
Jko.k vekoL;k
Jko.k 'kqDyk r`rh;k
Jko.k 'kqDyk ,dknkh ls 7 fnu
Jko.k dk vafre lkseokj
Hkknzin
Hkknzin
Hkknzin
Hkknzin
Hkknzin
Hkknzin
Hkknzin
Hkknzin
Hkknzin
Hkknzin
Hkknzin
Hkknzin
".k r`rh;k
".k v"Veh
".k uoeha
".k vekoL;k
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'kqDy 2 ls 11
'kqDyk prqFkhZ
'kqDyk prqFkhZ o iapeh
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v"Veh
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nkgjk esyk
ehjk egksRlo
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yksgkxyZ esyk
5- th.kekrk dk esyk
dksVk
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yksgkxy&>qa>quw
jsoklk xzke &lhdj
vkfou 'kqDyk nkeh

vkfou iwf.kZek 'kjn iwf.kZek
pS= cnh 8 o vkfou
Hkknzin ".kkuoeh ls vekol rFkk
pS= esa lkseorh vekoL;k
uojk=k pS= o vkfou
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3- dfiy eqfu dk esyk
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dksyk;r& chdkusj
dkfrZd 'kqDyk ,dknkh ls iwf.kZek

dkfrZd iwf.kZek
dkfrZd iwf.kZek
ek?k ekg ds esys

1- pkSFk ekrk dk esyk
2- c`t ;k=k esyk
lokbZek/kksiqj
Mhx&Hkjriqj
3- clUrh i'kq esyk
:iokl& Hkjriqj
4- i;ZVu e: esyk
5- cs.ksoj esyk
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ek?k
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".kk prqFkhZ
".kk 12 ls ek?k lqnh iapeh
vekoL;k ls ek?k lqnh v"Veh
'kqDyk 13 ls 15 rd
iwf.kZek
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123456-
fkojk=h esyk
,dfyax th esyk
lkSjr f=os.kh esyk
j.kdiqj esyk
pu.kh psjh esyk
[kkVw;keth esyk
fkokM+&lokbZek/kksiqj
dSykkiqjh&mn;iqj
f=os.kh laxe&esuky] HkhyokM+k
ikyh
nskuksd& chdkusj
lhdj
QkYxqu
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QkYxqu
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QkYxqu
".kk 13
".kk 13
".kk 13
'kqDyk 4 o 5
'kqDyk lIreha
'kqDyk 11 o 12
mlZ
1234567-
[oktk eqbuqhu fprh dk mlZ

xkxjksu mlZ
pkSVhyk ihj dk mlZ
efyd 'kkg ihj dk mlZ
gkth 'kDdjokj ckck dk mlZ
xkfy;kdksV dk mlZ
rkdjhu dk mlZ
vtesj
>kykokM+
ihj nqYyskkg njxkg&ikyh
njxkg&tkykSj nqxZ
ujgM+ 'kjhQ & >qa>quw
xkfy;kdksV& Mwxjiqj
lar dkth geheqhu dh njxkg &
ukxkSj
jTtc ekg dh 1 ls 6 rkjh[k rd

T;s"B 'kqDy ,de pkn ls
dkfrZd ".kk ,de o nwt
".k tUek"Veh
eqgjZe&27
1145 fdlku vk;ksx dk xBu dc fd;k x;k ------------------------------------------------- ekpZ 2009 dqy lnL; 10
1146 jktLFkku ds fdl ftys esa *ju* dk ckgqY; gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- tSlyesjA
1147 SIT dk iwjk uke gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Lisky baVsfytsal VheA
~Page-80~
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
orZeku ?kX?kj unh oSfnd lkfgR; dh fl) unh Fkh -------------------------------------------------------------- ljLorhA
;ksxklu fdl 'kSyh dk eq[k fo"k; jgk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ vyojA
jktLFkku esa u`R; x.ksk dh ewfrZ uhyd.B dgka gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------- vyojA
fdkux< 'kSyh ds eq[k fp=dkj Fks ------------------------------------------------------------------------- eksj/ot fugkypUnA
osru mPphdj.k ,oa osru folaxfr fuokj.k lfefr ds v/;{k ---------------------------------- d`".kk HkVukxjA
fl) laxhrK ftUgs :ykus okyh Qdhj ds miuke ls tkuk tkrk gS ----------------------- ekurksy [kkaA
gky gh esa dsUnzh; ea=heaMy esa jktLFkku ds fdl lkaln dks dsfcusV ea=h cuk;k x;k gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- lh- ih- tkskhA
v{kr ;kstuk lEcfU/kr gS --------------------------------csjkstxkjksa dks Hkkk nsusa ds fy, 'kq: dh xbZ ;kstukA
jktLFkku Lukrd csjkstxkjh Hkkk ;kstuk v{kr ;kstuk dc 'kq: dh xbZ ---------- 1 tqykbZ 2007
gky gh esa jkT; dk ikapok uxj&fuxe fdl ftys dks cuk;k x;k gS
chdkusj ftys dksA
15 vxLr 2008
jkT; ds fdl vH;kj.; esa vtxj lokZf/kd ek=k esa ik;s tkrs gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- dsoyknsoA
jktLFkku dk QqV ckLdsV vkWQ jktLFkku dgykrk gS --------------------------------------------------------- guqekux<+A
pknuha jkr] xoS;s] Hkkxor iqjk.k] jkek;.k] ".k&yhyk] nhikoyh] jkxekyk] >hy ds n`;] if{k;ksa
ds fp= fdl 'kSyh ls lacfU/kr gS ---------------- fdkux< 'kSyhA
Qwy dh lkM+h fl) gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- tkscusjA
30 ekpZ 2009 dks jkT; ds fdl nqxZ dks foo /kjksgj ds 7 vkp;ksaZ esa 'kkfey fd;k x;k gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- tSlyesj nqxZA
jktLFkku esa o"kZ 2008 esa lokZf/kd fonskh i;ZVd fdl nsk ls vk;s ------------------------------------------- kal
Hkkjr esa ,dek= ?kksM+s dh etkj fLFkr gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- gtjr ehjka lkgc njxkg] rkjkx<&vtesjA
jktLFkku esa lokZf/kd nskh i;ZVd fdl LFkku dk ze.k djrs gSa ------------------------------------------- vtesjA
jkt; esa nsk dk igyk miHkksDrk ca/ku laLFkku dgka LFkkfir fd;s tkus dh laHkkouk gS&t;iqjA
vCnqYyk [kka dk edcjk dgka gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------- vtesjA
ebZ 2009 esa ,ojsLV Qrg djus okys xkSjo dk lEcU/k fdl LFkku ls gS -------- pq:
jkT; dk igyk lgdkjh feuh lqij ekdsZV dgka kjEHk fd;k x;k gS --------------------------------------- >qa>quwA
pek&,&uwj egy ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vtesjA
lwM D;k gS& ------------------------------------------------------ [ksr tksrus ls igys [ksr esa >kM+&>a[kkM+ lkQ djukA
jkxuh HkSjoh dk fp= lacfU/kr gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- cwnh 'kSyhA
t;iqj 'kSyh dk fl) fp=dkj gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- lkfgcjkeA
fdl 'kSyh ds fp=dkj fp=ksa ij viuk uke vkSj frfFk vafdr djrs Fks -------------------- chdkusj 'kSyhA
tuojh 2009 esa jk"Vh; Lrj ij i`Foha ,oa i;kZoj.k ekSf[kd ys[ku gsrw i`Foh foKku vokMZ ls
fdls lEekfur fd;k x;k --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MkW ch- lh- tkVA
jkT; esa gky gh esa vxLr 2008 IT {ks= esa fdruh IT ifj;kstuk,a LFkkfir fd;s tkus dh
?kks"k.kk gqbZ gS& -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6 Ng
tks/kiqj &
IIMS
dksVk & IIT
mn;iqj & IIM
t;iqj & World University
chdkusj & fViy IIT
vtesj &Central University
~Page-81~
1177 jkT; esa pkj mPp fk{k.k laLFkkuksa IIT, IIM, Central University rFkk World class
University vkfn dk LFkku r; djus ds fy, xfBr dh xbZ desVh ------------------- oh- ,l- O;klA
1178 jktLFkku esa ykSg&v;Ld dk [kuu {ks= gS& --------------------------------------------------------- eksjhtk&ckuksuk {s=A
1179 jkT; esa jktLFkku ds dqy {ks=Qy dk ouksa dk {ks=Qy gS -------------------------------------------------------- 9-54 %
1180 fkkqiky o|e~ egkdkO; ds jpf;rk egkdfo ek?k dk fuokl LFkku Fkk ---------------------------- HkhuekyA
1181 jktLFkku ds fdl ftys esa mke uLy dh lokZf/kd cdfj;k ik;h tkrh gSa & --------------- fljksghA
1182 VaxLVu [kfut ds Hk.Mkj gSa & ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Msxkuk&ukxkSjA
1183 >qa>quwa ftys ds [ksrM+h&dkWij esa vejhdh dEiuh dh lgk;rk ls rkack 'kks/kd la;a= dc LFkkfir
fd;k x;k --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1967 esaA
1184 jkT; esa ljdkjh ,oa iapk;rhjkt laLFkkvksa ds vkj{k.k lEcfU/kr rF;&
jkT; esa dqy vkj{k.k frkr & 68%
14 % & czk.k] os;] jktiwr] dk;LFkA
5 % & xqtZj] catkjk]xkfM+;k yqgkj ,oa jsackjhA
16 % & vuqlwfpr tkfr
12 % & vuqlwfpr tu tkfr
21 % & vU; fiNM+k oxZ
1185 jkT; dh igyh lwrh oL= fey gS ------------------------------------------------------- nh ".kk feYl fyfeVsM 1886
1186 jktLFkku esa cka/k laLfr ds voks"k dgka feys gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- cSjkBA
1187 gky gh esa pfpZr jgs lhdj fuoklh fokky fiykfu;ka dk lEcU/k fdl [ksy ls gSa -----ckLdsVckyA
1188 ukSVadh rFkk jkeyhyk jktLFkku ds fdl Hkkx esa vf/kd yksdf; gS -------------------------------------------- iwohZA
1189 dksVk jkT; dk vax&Hkax dj fdl jkT; dk fuek.kZ fd;k x;k Fkk --------------------- >kykokM+1838 esa
1190 HkDr vkUnksyu ds .ksrk Fks -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- xksfoUn xq:A
1191 mn;iqj ds foy; ds ckn jktLFkku dk eq[;ea=h dkSu cuk ---------------------------------- ekf.kD; yky oekZ
1192 bf.M;u vUMj&19 fdsV Vhe ds dIrku vkksd esukfj;k fdl ftys ds fuoklh gS & mn;iqjA
1193 ekjokM+ dk yksdu`R; dkSulk gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MkafM;k
1194 ds-ds-fcM+yk dh Le`fr esa gky gh esa dsUnz ljdkj }kjk fdrus :i;s dk Mkd fVdV tkjh fd;k
gS --------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 :i;sA
1195 ".k dqekj fcM+yk us 1991 esa ds-ds-fcM+yk Qkm.Msku dh LFkkiuk dh FkhA fcM+yk Qkm.Msku
}kjk fn;s tkus okys iqjLdkj dkSu&dkSuls gSa&
iqjLdkj
/kujkfk
ljLorh lEeku
&
5 yk[k
O;kl lEeku
&
2-5 yk[k
fcgkj iqjLdkj
&
1 yk[k
'kadj iqjLdkj
&
1-5 yk[k
okpLifr iqjLdkj
&
1 yk[k
th- Mh- fcM+yk vokMZ
&
1-5 yk[k
1196 x.ksoj dk Vhyk tgka ls rkez;qxhu voks"k feys gS ] fLFkr gS ----------------- lhdj&uhe dk FkkukA
1197 jktLFkku dk og ftyk ftlesa ,d uxj yxHkx 1300 ehVj dh apkbZ ij fLFkr gS --------------------------- ekm.V vkcw fljksgh
~Page-82~
1198 ?kkl ds eSnkuksa ;k pkjkxkgksa dks jktLFkku esa fdl LFkkuh; uke ls iqdkjk tkrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------- chM+
1199 dkVyh unh dk mn~xe LFky gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [k.Msyk dh igkfM+;kaA
1200 jkT; ds fdl ftys es lkjFkh ;kstuk ykxq dh xbZ gS ---------------------------------------------------------- guqekux<+A
1201 czstu psfj;V~l gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------- iksdj.k esa ekpZ 2008 esa gqvk ;q)kH;klA
1202 jktLFkku dh ;K LFkyh] og LFkku tks viuh kfrd NVk ds dkj.k feuh iq"dj ds uke ls
tkuk tkrk gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ek.Mdyk&VksadA
1203 jktiwrkuk dk viwoZ bfrgkl iqLrd ds ys[kd gSa ------------------------------------------------------- ".kflag ckgjBA
1204 vSy 2008 esa fdl ftys us viuh LFkkiuk dk 521 ok LFkkiuk fnol euk;k ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- chdkusjA
1205 tkykSj rFkk ckMesj ftyksa rd ikuh igqpkus ds fy, fdl ifj;kstuk dk fuek.kZ fd;k tk jgk gS
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ueZnk ugj ifj;kstukA
1206 jktLFkku esa vejhdh dikl dk mRiknu fdl ftys esa gksrk gS ----------------------------------------- xaxkuxjA
1207 jktLFkku esa m".k dfVca/kh; ikS/kk ftls xzkeh.k Hkk"kk esa c.kh;ka dgk tkrk gS -------------------- diklA
1208 jktLFkku ds ,sls ftys tgka dikl dk mRiknu fcYdqy Hkh ugha fd;k tkrk gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- pq: o tSlyesjA
1209 dikl dks fdrus rkieku dh vko;drk gksrh gS ---------------------------- 20 ls 30 fMxzh lsa-A
1210 pEcy unh dk jkT; esa osk LFkku gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------- pkSjklhx<+ fdykA
1211 nsosUnz >k>fM+;k dk lacU/k gS ----------------------------------------------------------->k>fM+;k dh <k.kh]jktx<& pq: ls
1212 kfrd ifjosk dk fp=.k ,oa fkdkj ds fp=ksa dh cgqyrk] [ktqj dso`{k ds fp=] uhys jax dh
/kkurk fdl 'kSyh dh foks"krk gS -----dksVkA
eq[k i'kq laLFkku
1213 o"kZ 2000 ls vesfjdk esa fro"kZ 10 twu dks
dsUnzh; u fodkl cksMZ
tks/kiqj
dkSulk fnol euk;k tkrk gS --------- dkkef.k
HksM+ o u fk{k.k laLFkku
t;iqj
fnol
1214 jktLFkku dk og O;fDr ftls ikp ckj
chdkusj
dsUnzh; u foys"k.k
'kkafrnwr ds lEeku ls uoktk tk pqdk gS ---;ksxkkyk
nknh dkkef.kA
i'kq iks"kkgkj laLFkku
tkeM+ksyh&t;iqj
1215 jkt;ksfxuh nknh dkkef.k dk tUe fdl
dsUnzh; i'kq tuu dsUnz
lwjrx<&xaxkuxj
nsk esa gqvk &
--1922 dks gSnjkckn fla/k &ikfdLrku esa
jk"Vh; "V laLFkku
tksM+chM+&chdkusj
T;ksfr"kh ds ?kj gqvk A
i'kq/ku vuqla/kku dsUnz
cYyHkuxj&mn;iqj
--nknh dkkef.k ds cpiu dk uke jek
cqy enj QkeZ
pknuxko&tSlyesj
Fkk
--nsgkUr 25 vxLr 2007 dks gqvkA
HksM+ tuu dsUnz
Qrsgiqj&lhdj
1216 ekoB dk rkRi;Z gS --------------------------------------------cdjh tuu QkeZ
jkelj&vyoj
------------------------------------ pokrksa }kjk gksus okyh o"kkZA
1217 twu ekg esa lw;Z jktLFkku ds fdl Hkkx esa yEcor~ pedrk gS ------------------------------------------ ckalokM+kA
1218 ebZ&twu 2007 xqtZj vkj{k.k ekinaM ls lacfU/kr xfBr dh xbZ desVh ds v/;{k Fks &-----------QrsgpUn calyA
1219 jkbZlse RICEM dk iwjk uke gS -------------------------------- jktLFkku lgdkjh fk{kk ,oa ca/k laLFkku
1220 jkT; ds fdl ftys esa gsYFk osVjyS.M E;wft;e dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ gS ------------------------------- mn;iqjA
~Page-83~
1221 jktLFkku ds fdl ftys esa rkezik"kk.k ;qxhu voks"k feys gS ----------------------------------------------- lhdjA
1222 fl) LDoSk f[kykM+h lqjHkh feJk dk lacU/k fdl ftys ls gS ------------------------------------------------ t;iqjA
1223 jkT; dk og LFkku tgk 10000 gSDVs;j ou {ks= esa MstVZ tw dk fuek.kZ fd;s tkus dh ?kks"k.kk
gqbZ gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fcNoky & chdkusjA
1224 ,d lqUnj e[key ds leku gjs jax dk jRu ftldk nsk esa jktLFkku dk ,dkf/kdkj gS rFkk
mls gjh vfXu Hkh dgk tkrk gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- iUukemerald
1225 jkT; esa loZFke iUus dk irk dgka yxk ----------------------------------- dkyk xqeku {ks= &mn;iqj 1943
1226 ,d cgqeqY; iRFkj ftls jDref.k Hkh dgk tkrk gS ftl ij jkT; dk nsk esa ,dkf/kdkj gS
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- rkeM+kA
1227 jktLFkku esa lcls cM+h lwrh oL= fey gS -------------------------------------------------------------- mEesn feYl &ikyhA
1228 nsk dk lcls cM+k lwpuk ks/kksfxdh lst fdl ftys esa fuekZ.kk/khu gS ----------------------------------- t;iqj
1229 ve`re~ tye~ vfHk;ku jktLFkku ds fdl lekpkj&i= us pyk;k ---------------------- jktLFkku if=dkA
1230 bafXyl pSuy ikj djus okyh jktLFkku dh igyh efgyk rSjkd gS ---------------- 'kfDr 'kekZ A
1231 og jRu ftldk mRiknu nsk es ,dek= jkT; jktLFkku esa gh fd;k tkrk gS ----------------- xkusZVA
1232 fl) lkfgR;dkj MkW iwue nbZ;k dk gky gh esa fu/ku gks x;k gS];s fdl ftys ds ewy fuoklh
Fks ---------------- chdkusjA
1233 rkack [kuu ls lacfU/kr eq[k LFkku o ifj;kstuk,a gS -------- pkanekjh rkez ifj;kstuk] pkanekjh >qa>quwa
[ksrM+h&dkWij dkWEiyDl] [ksrM+h uxj >qa>quwa
[kks&njhck rkez ifj;kstuk] vyojA
rkix<+A
1234 28 tuojh 2009 dks jktLFkku ds fdl nqxZ ij 5 :i;s dk MkdfVdV tkjh fd;k x;k gS ----------------------------------- tSlyesjA
1235 jktLFkku dk ty ikr gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- esukyA
1236 jktLFkku dh tyok;q fdl dkj dh gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 'kq"d e:LFkyh;A
1237 Qjojh 2009 esa jkT; us tqfu;j uskuy dch pSfEi;ufki fdl jkT; dks gjkdj thrh----------------- rfeyukMqA
1238 jkT; esa f}rh; Qk;fjax jsat dh LFkkiuk o"kZ 2009 esa dgka dh xbZ gS --------------------------------- iksdj.kA
1239 fdl ftys esa ghjk [kfut ds lokZf/kd teko ik;s x;s gSa --------------------------------------------------------- ckMesjA
1240 eqYrkuh feh] laxejej ds mRiknu esa jkT; dk nsk esa LFkku gS --------------------------------------- FkeA
1241 dGirh dk;k fdl lkfgR;dkj dh fr gS --------------------------------------------------------------------nsonkl jkadkorA
1242 mijeky gS & ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ fpkkSM+x< o HkhyokM+k dh iBkjh HkwfeA
1243 jktLFkku ds fdl ftys esa bysDVhd o Mhty batu ds fy, odZkksi [kksyk tk;sxk ----------------------------- lokbZ ek/kksiqj
1244 jkT; dk ou foHkkx igyk Dyksuy eYVhfIydsku xkMZu dgka fodflr dj jgk gS ----------------------?kw?kjk ?kkVh&vtesjA
1245 eFksj.kk o mLrk ifjokj dk Hkko fdl 'kSyh ij >ydrk gS ------ chdkusj kSyhA
1246 jktLFkku esa phuh m|ksx dsUnz dgk&dgk LFkkfir gS ------------------------------------- Hkksikylkxj
afpkkSM+x< ] Jhxaxkuxj] dskksjk;ikVu cwnh o mn;iqjA
1247 foo esa {ks=Qy dh n`f"V ls lcls cM+k lalnh; {ks= gS ------------------------------ ckMesjA
~Page-84~
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
jktLFkku ksVsDku QkslZ dk lacU/k gS ----------- /kkfeZd LFkyksa ,oa ,sfrgkfld Lekjdksa dh lqj{kk lsA
orZeku jktLFkku i;ZVu ea=h gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- chuk dkdA
vkksd xgyksr jkT; ds orZeku esa dkSuls eq[;ea=h gS ----------------------------------------------------------------- 14 osaA
jkT; esa orZeku esa fdrus uxj&fuxe gSa ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 ikpA
fiNM+s xqtZj leqnk; dks vkRefuHkZj cukus ds ms; ls fdl ;kstuk ds rgr~ 282 djksM+ :i;s
dk vkfFkZd iSdst fn;k x;k gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ nsoukjk;.k ;kstukA
dkSulk ftyk jkT; ds e/; esa fLFkr gksus ls jktLFkku dh n; LFkyh dgykrk gS& vtesjA
vjkoyh ioZr Ja[kyk dh vkSlr apkbZ fdruh gS --------------------------------------------------------------- 915 ehVjA
;kstuk vk;ksx }kjk jkT; dks 11 oha iapof"kZ; ;kstuk esa fdruh jkfk miyC/k djkbZ tk;sxh----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------- 68422 djksM+ :i;sA
lkaxkusj o mn;iqj gokbZ vs dks fdu&fdu vUrjkZ"Vh; gokbZ vs dk ntkZ feyk gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15 ok o 16 okA
Hkkjr ds loZJs"B gokbZ vM~Mksa esa jkT; dk gokbZ vM~Mk gS --------------------------- chdkusj gokbZ vM~MkA
jktLFkku dkaxzsl ds nskk/;{k gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ MkW- lh-ih- tkskhA
jktLFkku Kku fuxe ds v/;{k gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ,e-,y- esgrkA
jktLFkku lkfgR; vdkneh ds loksZPp iqjLdkj ehjk iqjLdkj 2008 ds fy, lEekfur lkfgR;dkj
gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Jherh e`nqyk fcgkjhA
ck[kklj&ckMesj fl) gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ued mRiknu gsrwA
nsk dk igyk lw;Z egy ] vkWxsZfud jsLVksjsaV 'kq: fd;k x;k gS --------------------------------------- t;iqj esaA
nsk dk 10 oka lcls cM+k bZ&dkWelZ dsUnz ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k gS --------------------------------------------- t;iqjA
jk"Vh; jkbZ&ljlksa vuqla/kku dsUnz fLFkr gS ----------------------------------------------------------------- lsoj Hkjriqj esaA
Hkkjrh; rhjankth Vhe dk dksp gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- yhaEckjke&mn;iqjA
cjcM+ i{kh] ftls jsr dk rhrj bEihfj;y lsUMxkmt Hkh dgrs gS ];g dgka ik;k tkrk gS------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ xtusj vH;kj.;&chdkusjA
vferkHk rq>s lyke fr ds jpukdkj gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ';ke ekFkqjA
nsk dk igyk weu ,ukVkWeh ikdZ dgka LFkkfir fd;k x;k gS ---------------------------------------------- mn;iqjA
fyfVy phQ efuLVj miuke ls fdls tkuk tkrk gS ------------------------------------------- Vhdkjke ikyhokyA
yxkrkj pkSFkh ckj Js"B QaVh;j ds f[krkc ls fdls uoktk x;k gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- lhek lqj{kk cy jktLFkku afV;j dksA
jkT; dk og LFkku tgk iqjkrRo foHkkx }kjk gM+Iik ds ledkyhu lH;rk ds 'kSy fp= [kksts
x;s gSa -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- pq:A
jktLFkkuh Hkk"kk ds Hkh"e firkeg dgykrs gS --------------------------------------------------------- dUgS;kyky lsfB;k A
vksedkk dqDdh dk lacU/k gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- iqjk vUos"k.k ls A
Ldwyksa esa Qhl fu;U=.k ds fy, xfBr dh xbZ desVh gS ---------------------------------------------- frokM+h desVhA
nsk dh igyh ,MoksdsV vdsMeh dh LFkkiuk dgka dh xbZ gS ------------------------------------------------ tks/kiqjA
jkT; dk igyk datosZku fjtoZ jf{kr ou[k.M chdkusj esa dgka cuk;k tk jgk gS ------- tksM+chM+
jktLFkku ds fdu ftyksa esa o"kZ 2009 esa vkWVksesfVd osnj LVsku LFkkfir fd;s tk;sxs -------------------5
ifpeh vUrjkZ"Vh; lhek dh yEckbZ gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1070 fdeh-A
egkHkkjr dky esa chdkusj jkT; ds jkT; fpUg esa D;k fy[kk feyrk gS --- t; taxy/kj cknkkgA
~Page-85~
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
jkT; dk igyk eYVh fMl,fcfyVh Ldwy fdl ftys esa LFkkfir fd;k tk jgk gS ------------- vtesjA
jhtuy fQk ekdsZV dh LFkkiuk fdl ftys esa dh tk jgh gS -------------------------------------------------- vtesjA
jktLFkku ds fdl ftys esa igyh ,tqdsku gSYi ykbZu kjEHk dh xbZ gS -------------------------- mn;iqjA
jktLFkku esa futh fk{k.k laLFkkvksa gwrq ,d fu;ked laLFkk cukus ds fy, xfVr lfefr dkn uke
gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- xkSjh bZoju lfefrA
chdkusj jkT; dh jkt/kkuh vfgPN=iqj orZeku esa fdl ftys ds :i esa gS -------------------- ukxkSjA
egkHkkjr dky xaxkuxj ds vklikl dk nsk dgykrk Fkk ------------------------------------------------ ;ks}s;A
tkaxy nsk ds vklikl ds Hkkx dks dgrs Fks ----------------------------------------------------------------------- likny{kA
dsUnz ljdkj }kjk jkT; ds fdl ftys esa iSjkesfMdy foofo/kky; [kksyus ds Lrko dks eatwjh
nku dh xbZ gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- t;iqjA
igyk bdks saMyh fjlksVZ o gksVy dgka cuk;k tk jgk gS ----------------------------------------------------- xukgsM+kA
jktLFkku dk og ftyk ftls Vkmu vkWQ ,DliksVZ ,DlhySal dk ntkZ fn;s tkus dh laHkkouk gS
----------------------------------------------------------------------- HkhyokM+k
Qjojh 2009 esa jkT; ds fdl O;fDr ij Mkd fVdV tkjh fd;k gS -------------------------- dfo ek?kA
/kUoarjh ,Ecqysal ;kstuk 108 vkikrdkyhu lsok dk 'kqHkkjEHk dc gqvk ----------------- 20flr- 2008
jktLFkku esa fdl txg ij twV ikdZ [kkssyus dh vuqefr fefy gS ----------------------- Jhuxj&vtesjA
lkekftd U;k; o vf/kdkfjrk foHkkx }kjk lapkfyr fpjk;q ;kstuk dk lEcU/k gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- o`)tu dY;k.k ds fy,A
Vsfdi D;k gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- rduhdh fk{kk xq.kokk lq/kkj dk;Ze
vcyk eh.kh egy dgka gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- njkZ ?kkVh dksVk&bUnkSj
ekxZA
dksVk ujsk jke eqdqUn flag us viuh s;lh eh.kk tkfr dh ,d vfr lqUnj vcyk ds fy, ,d
egy cukok;k Fkk ftls dqN yksx cutkjksa dk egy Hkh dgrs gS og gS& ------ vcyk eh.kh egy
[kknh dk czkaM yksxks D;k gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [kknh bafM;kA
iksyks ds fy, Fke vtqZu iqjLdkj jkT; ds fdl f[kykM+h dks nku fd;k x;k ------------- seflagA
l`f"V VaMu dk lEcU/k fdl [ksy ls gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- rSjkdh lsA
jkrh ?kkVh ds uke ls fl) LFkku dkSulk Fkk& ---------------------------------------------------------------------------chdkusjA
tSlyesj fLFkr iksyks eSnku gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MsMkuljA
jktLFkku ds eq[; fuokZpu vf/kdkjh gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fouksn tqRkhA
uoEcj 2008 esa jktLFkkuh Hkk"kk ds lkfgR;dkj dUgS;kyky lsfB;k dk fu/ku gks x;k mudk tUe
dgka gqvk Fkk --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- lqtkux<
fo/kkulHkk pquko 2008 esa fdl ftys esa ifg;ksa ij cwFk ls ernku dk;Z lEiUu fd;k x;k ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- tSlyesjA
lht SEEZ dk iwjk uke gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- lkSj tkZ mie
fdl fo/kkulHkk pquko esa lokZf/kd efgyk,a fuokZfpr gqbZ --------------- 13 osa fo/kkulHkk pquko esa 28
ckM+ksyh dk fl) fko eafnj gq.kksa }kjk cuok;k x;k Fkk tks fdl ftys esa fLFkr gS --------- dksVkA
ekjokM+ esa gqek;wa fdl LFkku ij vkdj Bgjk ---------------------------------------------------------------------- tksxh rhFkZA
orZeku jktLFkku fuekZ.k ds fofHkUu pj.k
~Page-86~
1309 lqesy dk ;q) fduds e/; gqvk ------------------------------ pj.k

uke
frfFk
---------------------------------------------------- 'ksjkkg lwjh rFkk ekynsoA
eRL; la?k
18 ekpZ 1948
I
1310 tSrk o dwik Fks ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ekynso ds lsukifrA
jktLFkku la?k
25 ekpZ 1948
II
1311 xhrdkj ih- ds- feJk ftUgksus lqfl) fQYe
la;qDr jktLFkku 18 vSy 1948
III
jkstk ds fy, xhr fy[ks budk iSr`d xkao Fkk
o`gr~ jktLFkku
30 ekpZ 1949
IV
-------------------------------------------------------- lqtkux<&pq:A
1312 lkekftd U;k; o vf/kdkfjrk foHkkx }kjk
V la;qDr o`gkj jkt0 15 ebZ 1949
lapkfyr ikyugkj ;kstuk esa jkT; dk nsk esa LFkku
jktLFkku
26 tuoj 1950
VI
gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Fke A
1 uoEcj 1956
VII
1313 DPIP ifj;kstuk jktLFkku ds fdrus ftyksa esa
ykxq gksxh ----------------------------------------------------------------18
1314 gky gh esa i;ZVu foHkkx us tuojh ds vfrfjDr vkSj fdl ekg esa aV egksRlo dks vk;ksftr
djus dk QSlyk fd;k gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- uoEcjA
1315 jkT; ds ml ,dek= vH;kj.; dk uke crkb;s tgka o"kZ esa yxHkx 5 ekg nqyZHk fonskh if{k;ksa
dk esyk yxrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ?kuk i{kh fogkjA
1316 vf[ky Hkkjrh; xqtZj lekt dk Hkkjr esa lcls cM+k iSjkf.kd rhFkZ Jh nsoukjk;.kth dk eafnj
dgka gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- VksadA
1317 jktLFkku esa Fke ECP Centre dk mn?kkVu fdl ftys esa fd;k x;k ---------------- --fpkkSM+x<A
1318 Hkkekkkg ;kstuk esa uksMy ,tsUlh fdl cSad dks cuk;k x;k gS ----------------------- iatkc uskuy cSad A
1319 vktks ikis ?kj pys]a ihGh vka/kh] vifjfpr mtkys] fNUueLrk] cktkj cht cktkj ds f[kykQ]
mifuosk es L=h fdlds }kjk jfpr fr;ka gS ------------------------------------------------------------- MkW- Hkk [ksrkuA
1320 MkW- Hkk [ksrku dk lEcU/k fdl ftys ls gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- pq:A
1321 jktLFkku dk jktdksV dgykrk gS & ---------------------------------------------------------------- yw.kdj.klj &chdkusjA
1322 vkSjaxtsc ds iq= vdcj us vius dks dc lezkV ?kksf"kr fd;k ------------- 1 tuojh 1681 ukMksy esaA
1323 vdcj us ekuflag dks dkSu&lh mikf/k;ka nh Fkh & --------------------------------QtZUn rFkk fetkZ jktk dhA
1324 jktLFkku ljdkj }kjk flrEcj 2008 esa gq, pkeqaMk ekrk gknls dh tkap gsrwq fdldh v/;{krk esa
tkap vk;ksx dk xBu fd;k x;k -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- t;jkt pksiM+kA
1325 HkkHkk vkf.od vuqla/kku dsUnz ckdZ esa dk;Zjr mn;iqj ftys ds oSKkfud ftls o"kZ 2007 ds
gkseh tgkaxhj HkkHkk foKku o rduhdh iqjLdkj fn;k x;k gS ---------------------------------- foosd luk<~;A
1326 fdl oU; tho vH;kj.; dks u;s ck?k vH;kj.; ds :i esa fodflr djus dh ;kstuk ykxq dh gS
------------------------ VkMx< jkoyh vtesj] ikyh o jktlean
ftys dk uke
/kku feh
1327 jkT; esa Lo.kZ mR[kuu lecfU/kr LFkku gS ---------------------ckalokM+k
e/;e dkyh feh
---------- Hkwfd;k & cklokM+k
Hkjriqj
uohu dki feh
---------- dwdM+k & mn;iqj
Vksad
Hkwjh feh
---------- Hkk[kjh [kku & nkSlk
1328 jktLFkku esa bZLV bf.M;k ds lkFk lfU/k djus okyk jkT;
>qa>quwa
cyqbZ feh
Fkk ------------------------------------------------ fljksghA
1329 rkaR;k Vksis dks fxjrkj djokus okys lkeUr dk uke Fkk ---------------- ujoj dk tkxhjnkj ekuflagA
1330 jkT; dk igyk iksy ySl 'kgj gksxk ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- tks/kiqjA
~Page-87~
1331 jkT; ljdkj }kjk fro"kZ 2 vDVwcj dks fdl fnol ds :i esa eukus dh ?kks"k.kk dh xbZ gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- kfrd fpfdRlk fnolA
1332 fdl nsk dh lgk;rk ls t;iqj esa ikWoj ,tqdsku fdsV ,dsMeh kjEHk dh xbZ gSA&vkWLVsfy;k
1333 jkT; dh okf"kZd ;kstuk o"kZ 2008&09 esa fdl en ij lokZf/kd O;; fd;k x;k ---------------- tkZA
1334 tuojh 2009 esa jktLFkku ds fdl fl) fo|qr la;a= us LFkkiuk ds 20 o"kZ iwjs fd;s- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- dksVk lqij FkeZy ikoj LVskuA
1335 jktLFkku ds fdl ftys esa u;k vUrjkZ"Vh; gokbZ vk fodflr fd;k x;k gS -------------- mn;iqjA
1336 RRC& iquokZl vuqla/kku dsUnz dh LFkkiuk fdlus dh ------------------------------------------------ ih-ds- lsBh usA
1337 o"kZ fnlEcj 2007 esa og lkfgR;dkj ftls vkykspuk jh vk[k lwa fr ds fy, lkfgR; vdkneh
iqjLdkj ls uoktk x;k --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ks- dqUnu ekyh & mn;iqjA
1338 jkT; ds igys o Hkkjr ds 17 osa xzSaM ekLVj gS -------------------------------------------------------------- vfHkthr xqIrkA
1339 ckMesj o tSlyesj esa dk;Zjr ds;uZ ,uthZ dEiuh fdl nsk dh gS --------------------------------- LdkWVySaMA
1340 xaxk fjlkyk D;k gS -------------------------------------------------------- aV lsuk ftls xaxkflag us LFkkfir fd;k
1341 tkxrh tksr] tue Hkkse] ,oa jktLrkuh xaxk i=&if=dk,a lacfU/kr gS ----------------------- chdkusj lsA
1342 Fke Js.kh fdsV esa 150 fodsV iwjs djus okys jktLFkku ds Fke fodsVdhij cus gS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- jksfgr >kykuhA
1343 jkT; ds fdl ftys es ansk dk Fke lsou LVkj jsthMsafk;y Dyc fufeZr fd;k tk jgk gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- t;iqjA
1344 ekVh cu xbZ panu iqLrd ds ys[kd gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------- feykipan MkafM;kA
1345 F.M. jsfM+;ks pSuy ls fk{kk nku djus okyk jkT; dk igyk ljdkjh {ks= dk foofo|ky; gS
------------------- ------ o/kZeku [kqyk
fl) laxhrK
foofo/kky; dksVkA
ok| ;a=
lEcfU/kr O;fDr
1346 og i{kh tks tks/kisqj ds [khapu xko esa
fro"kZ ,fk;k] mkjh vhdk] rqdhZ 'kgukbZ oknd
fcfLeYykg [kk
vkfn B.Ms nskksa ls
larwj oknd
fkodqekj 'kekZ
vkrs gS ] ftUgs LFkkuh; Hkk"kk esa dwjtka
gfjlkn pkSjfl;k]
ds uke ls tkurs gS mudk uke D;k ckalqjh oknd
iUUkkyky ?kks"k
gS --------MsekblsysuA
1347 *dke/ksuq unha* miuke ls fl) unha
rcyk oknd
vYykjD[kk [kk]
gS -------------------------------------------------------------------tkdhj gqlSu
---------------------- pEcyA
ljksn oknd
vyh vdcj [kk]
1348 jktLFkku esa fyXukbV dks;ys ds
vetn vyh [kk
eq[k Hk.Mkj fLFkr gS ]og gS ---------------flrkj oknd
jfokadj ]foyk;r [kk]
------------------------------------------------------------------------vuq"dk ia- jfokadj dh iq=h
------iykuk] esM+rk o diwjMh ckMesj
lkjaxh oknd
ia- jkeukjk;.k] mLrkn lqYrku [kk
1349 jktLFkku ds fdl ftys es ehjkckbZ
vk;qfoZKku laLFkku ,El dk fuekZ.k
ok;fyu oknd
Jherh ,u- jktu] lR;nso iaokj
fd;k tk jgk gS
lqjcgkj oknd vUukiw.kkZ nsoh ia- jfokadj dh iRuh
------------------------------------------------- tks/kiqjA
1350 t;iqj ds fl) lkfgR;dkj ftuds }kjk jfpr iqLrd dks baxyS.M ds ikB~;e esa 'kkfey fd;k
x;k gS -------------------- MkW- vks- ih- tkskhA
~Page-88~
1351 jkT; dk og jk"Vh; ikdZ@vH;kj.; tgka yxHkx 71 tkfr;ksa dh frrfy;k ikbZ tkrh gS ------------------------------------------------------- dsoyknsoA
1352 cksy[ksM+k tSu eafnj fLFkr gSa& ----------------------------------------------------------------HkjriqjA
1353 e/kqesg jksx dks nwj djus esa ykHkdkjh ?kkl &/kke.k VkbZMksDl ?kkl fdu ftyksa esa ik;h tkrh gS
-------------------------- ckalokM+k] Mqaxjiqj] ,oa mn;iqj ds vkl&ikl ds {ks=ksa esaA
1354 jktLFkku] iatkc o gfj;k.kk jkT;ksa dh la;qDr ifj;kstuk gS -------------------------------- O;kl ifj;kstukA
1355 15 os a,fk;kbZ [ksy nksgk esa jkT; ls ind thrus okyksa ds uke&
".kk iwfu;ka
& dkaL; ind fMLdu Fzkks esa
&
jkT;o/kZu flag jkBksM+ & jtr ind fukkusckth dh Mcy Vsi Li)kZ esa
&
HkkxhjFk flag
& dkaL; ind ?kqM+lokjh esa
&
ctjax yky rk[k.k & jtr ind ukSdk;ku esa
&
uouhr xkSre
& Lo.kZ ind dch Li)kZ esa
&
1356 gky gh esa jktLFkku dh fdl efgyk dks L=h 'kfDr lEeku ls lEekfur fd;k x;k ------------------------------------------------------dfork JhokLroA
1357 xjM+nk flapkbZ ifj;kstuk lacfU/kr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ cwnh lsA
1358 uhih ifj;kstuk lacfU/kr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- jkgj xkao& HkjriqjA
1359 foKkiu txr ds firkeg dgykrs gSa ---------------------------------------------- eksgEen [kku
1360 jktLFkku dk jkT; xhr gS ----------------------dslfj;k ckye i/kkjks uh Egkjs nsk A
1361 bl xhr dh xkf;dk Fkh ------------------------- ekaM xkf;dk &vYyk ftykbZ ckbZ& chdkusjA
1362 fdkksjh egy fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hkjriqj
1363 ikyflag 'ks[kkor dk lEcU/k gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------- lhdj lsA
1364 fczkst foFk fgLVh fdldh vkRedFkk gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ds- ds- fcM+ykA
1365 chdkusj dks uxj fuxe dc cuk;k x;k --------------------------------------------------------------------- 15 vxLr 2008A
1366 eaxye lhesUV dk dkj[kkuk fLFkr gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- eksMd esa A
1367 vtqZu iqjLdkj 1961 ls lEekfur Fke O;fDr tks nsk ds loZJs"B fukkusckth Fks &MkW- dj.kflag
1368 jkT; esa ifCyd&kbosV lk>k ds vk/kkj ij Integrated Wollen Textiles Park dgka
LFkkfir fd;k tk jgk gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- chdkusjA
1369 vkWijsku [kstM+h dk;Ze dh 'kq:vkr fdl lu~ esa dh xbZ ------------------------------------------------- 1991 esaA
1370 jkT; dk dkSulk ftyk xUuk mRiknu ,oa {ks=Qy dh n`f"V ls Fke LFkku j[krk -------------- cwnhA
1371 jkT; esa lwjrx<+ lqij FkeZy fo|qr dsUnz dh 25 esxkokV dh NBh bdkbZ kq: gks xbZ-------------------------- ---- ekpZ 2009
1372 jkT; ds fdl laHkkx esa lokZf/kd unh;ka gS & ----------------------------------------------------------------dksVk laHkkx esaA
1373 dkyhcaxk fLFkr gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- guqekux<+A
1374 jtr ind o nks Lo.kZ ind thrus okys ftUgsa lsuk eSMy ds lkFk i|Jh ls lEekfur fd;k
x;k rFkk o"kZ 2004&05 esa jktho xk/kh [ksy jRu iqjLdkj Hkh feyk&---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------jkT;o/kZu flag jkBkSM+& chdkusjA
1375 lj Hkwfe fdls dgrs gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [kkjh o yo.kh; Hkwfe dksA
jktLFkku ds eq[k rht&R;kSagkj
~Page-89~
R;kSagkj
1- clUr iapeh
2- egkfkojk=h
3- gksyh
4- jkeuoeha
5- oSkk[kh
frfFk
'kqDy iapeh Kku dh nsoh ljLorh dh iwtk
QkYxqu ds ".k i{k dh =;ksnkh
pS= ekl dh Fke frfFk
pS= ekl ds 'kqDy i{k dh uoeh frfFk
oSkk[k ekl dh frink
xq: xksfoUnflag us [kkylk iaFk dh LFkkiuk blh fnu dh Fkh
6- ?khaxk&xoj x.kxkSj
pS= 'kqDyk ,de~
7- xaxk nkgjk
T;s"B ekl ds 'kqDy i{k dh nkeha frfFk
8- nsok;uh ,dknkh
vk"kk<+ ekl ds 'kqDy i{k dh ,dknkh
9- nhikoyh
dkfrZd ".k =;ksnkh /kursjl ls ysdj dkfrZd 'kqDy f}rh;k
;ejkt iwtu& dkfrZd ".k 'kqDy :i prqnsZkh
nhikoyh egky{eh iwtu& dkfrZd veko;k
xkS&iwtu& vUudwV o xksoZ/ku
HkkbZ nwt& ;e f}rh;k & dkfrZd ".k veko;k
10- x.ksk prqFkhZ
Hkknzin ekl ds 'kqDy i{k dh prqFkhZ
Hkxoku x.ksk th dh vkjk/kuk
11- v{k; r`rh;k
vk[krht&oSkk[k 'kqDy rht
12- dtyh rht lkrqM+h rht
uheM+h dh iwtk& Hkknzin dh ".k rht
13- ukxiapeh
ukx dh iwtk& Jko.k ".k iapeh
14- Jk) firì{k
vkfou ekl dk lEiw.kZ ".k i{k
15- vuUr prqnZkh
Hkknzin ekl ds 'kqDy i{k dh prqnsZkh
16- j{kk& ca/ku
Jko.k ekl dh iw.khZek ds fnu
17- uojk=k
uonqxkZ dh iwtk
vkfou ekl ds 'kqDy i{k dh frink ls uoeha rd
18- nwxkZ iwtk
vkfou ekl ds 'kqDy i{k dh "k"Bh ls nkeha rd
19- xkso/kZu iwtk
xk;ksa dh iwtk
dkfrZd ekl ds 'kqDy i{k dh frink dks
20- HkS;k nwt
dkfrZd ekl ds 'kqDy i{k dh f}rh; frfFk
21- NksVh rht
Jko.k ekl ds 'kqDy i{k dh r`rh;k dks
22- ".k tUek"Veh
Hkknzin ekl ds ".k i{k dh v"Veh dks
23- 'khryk v"Veh
'khryk ekrk dh iwtk
pS= ekl ds ".k i{k dh v"Veh dks
24- djok pkSFk
dkfrZd ekl ds ".k i{k dh prqFkhZ dks
25- xksxkuoeh
yksdnsork xksxkth dh iwtk
Hkknzin ekl ds ".k i{k dh uoeha dks
1376 e`nk dh mojk&kfDr dks cuk;s j[kus ds fy, dkSulh [kkn ;qDr dh tkrh gS -------- xkscj o gjh
[kknA
1377 jktLFkku esa dikl dh Qly ds fy, dkSulh feh ds {ks= vf/kd mi;qDr gS&e/;e dkyh feh
~Page-90~
1378 ihyh feh ds {ks=ksa esa dkSulh Qly vf/kd cks;h tkrh gS ---------------------------------------------------- eawxQyhA
1379 Hkkjrh; f"k foHkkx us feh;ksa dk oxhZdj.k fdl vk/kkj ij fd;k gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------feh dh moZjrk ds vk/kkj ijA
1380 jktLFkku esa ySVsjkbZV feh;ka ikbZ tkrh gS ---------------- ckalokM+k ]rkix<] o dqkyx<+ ds {ks=ksa esaA
1381 jktLFkku esa tutkfr ds yksxksa }kjk cuk;s tkus okys edkuksa dk fr:i dgykrk gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------e/kqNrk fr:i
1382 jktLFkku esa ikbZ tkus okyh feh;ksa esa lokf/kd mitk feh gS --------------------------------- tyks<+ fehA
1383 jktLFkku dh feh;ksa esa lokZf/kd ukbZVkstu dh ek=k ftl feh esa gksrh gS og gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- e/;e dkyh feh
1384 jktLFkku esa ikbZ tkus okyh feh;ksa esa ,slh dkSulh feh gS ftles ueha dks jksds j[kus dk foks"k
xq.k gksrk gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- dkyh feh A
1385 ftu cfLr;ksa esa vyx&2 cls ?kj]] f"k ?kj vFkok fuokl x`g gksrs gSa] dgykrh gSa&
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- dh.kZ cfLr;kA
1386 Hkwjh jsrhyh feh esa fdl rRo dh vf/kdrk gksrh gS ------------------------------------------------------------------- QkWLQsVA
1387 og feh ftles pwus] ukbVsV o wejl dh deh gksrh gS -------------------------------------------- ySVsjkbZV fehA
1388 feh esa [kkjkiu ,oa {kkjh;rk dh leL;k dk lek/kku gS -------------------- [ksrh esa ftIle dk ;ksxA
1389 pEcy vkSj ekgh csflu esa ik;h tkus okyh feh dk dkj gS ------------------------- dkyh efV;kj nkseVA
1390 jkT; esa catj rFkk vf"kr Hkwfe dk lokZf/kd {ks= fdl ftys esa gS -------------------------------------- mn;iqjA
1391 jktLFkku ds nf{k.kh ftyksa mn;iqj]]Mwaxjiqj esa ik;h tkus okyh eq[k feh gS --------- yky nkseVA
1392 >wfeax f"k ls vk; gS ------------------------ vkfnokfl;ksa }kjk ouksa dks lkQ djds f"k djukA
1393 jktLFkku esa Hkwjh feh dk lkj {ks= gS --------------------------------------------------------- cukl unh dk okg {ks=A
1394 lse gS & --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- tyeXurk ls mRiUu leL;k A
1395 {kkjh; Hkwfe dk PH fdruk gksrk gS -------z------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8-6 ls vf/kdA
1396 foo esa i`Foh fnol dc euk;k tkrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 22 vSyA
1397 ty esa yksjkbM dh vf/kdrk ds dkj.k yksjksfll dk Hkko lokZf/kd fdl jkT; esa ik;k tkrk
gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- jktLFkku A
1398 ,flM jsu vEyh; o"kkZ ds fy, dkSulh xSl dh vf/kdrj mkjnk;h gksrh gS ------------------------------------------------------------- dkcZu MkbZ vkWDlkbM ] lYQj MkbZ vkWDlkbM ]ukbVsV vkWDlkbMA
1399 i;kZoj.k dk nqeu dkSulk o`{k gksrk gS --------------------------------------------------------------------- ;qdsfyIVl lQsnk
1400 fc[kjh gqbZ ,dkdh xzkeh.k cfLr;ka jktLFkku ds ftu ftyksa esa vf/kd feyrh gSa] os ftys gSa ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Mwaxjiqj o ckalokM+kA
1401 fdl ,sfrgkfld /kjksgj dks eFkqjk rsy 'kks/kd dkj[kkus ds /kq, ls uqdlku gks jgk gS &--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- rktegy
1402 Fke foo i;kZoj.k lEesyu dc vk;ksftr fd;k x;k ------------------------------- 5 twu 1972 LVkWdgkse
1403 tSlyesj jkT; dk iqjkuk uke Fkk ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ekMA
1404 t;iqj&Vksad ds pkjksa vksj dk nsk dgykrk Fkk -----------------------------------------------------------------------------fojkVA
1405 tkaxy nsk ds vkl&ikl ds Hkkx dks dgrs Fks ------------------------------------------------------------------------ likny{kA
1406 tkaxy nsk ij fdldk vf/kdkj Fkk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- pkSgkuksa dk A
1407 tc pkSgkuksa ds jkT;ksa dk foLrkj gqvk rc jkT; dh jkt/kkuh dks fdl uke ls stkus tkus yxk&
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 'kkdEHkjh lkaHkj
~Page-91~
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
mn;iqj jkT; dk kphu uke o jkt/kkuh Fkh ------------------------------------------------------------ fkfo& e/;fedkA

orZeku tks/kiqj] chdkusj ds ftys egkHkkjr dky esa dgykrs Fks ----------------------------------- tkaxy nskA
jktdkWu RAJCONdk iwjk uke gS ------------------------------------ jktLFkku lykgdkj laxBu fyfeVsM
[kfut Hk.Mkjksa dh vusdrk ds Hkkjr dk E;wft;e le>k tkrk gS -------------------------------------- jktLFkku
lq;ksZn; dk 'kgj dgykrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ mn;iqjA
lu~ 1929 esa ok;q ifjogu ds fodkl esa Fke ;kl fdlus fd;k -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- tks/kiqj ds egkjktk mEesn flag us ,d ykbax Dyc [kksydjA
1414 jkT; esa igyk lkSj tkZ ht dgka
kphu rkezlH;rk LFky
LFkkfir fd;k x;k -------------------------->kM+ksy
HkhyokM+k
ckyslj m0 k0 fpfdRlk dsUnz&tks/kiqjA
fi.M ik.Mqfy;ka
fpkkSM+x<
1415 jk"Vh; ck;kW xSl fodkl ;kstuk 'kq:
,gyku
tkykSj
gqbZ --------------------------------------------- 1980&81
dksyekgksyh
lokbZek/kksiqj
1416 flfydk mRiknu dh n`f"V ls jktLFkku
dk LFkku gS ---------------------------------- nwljkA
fdjkM+ksr
t;iqj
1417 dkoM+ ydM+h ij cus fp= oLrqvksa ds
lkcf.k;ka
chdkusj
fy, fl) gS ---------------cLlh &HkhyokM+kA
dqjkM+k
ukxkSj
1418 gkFkh&nkar dk dk;Z fd;k tkrk gS ---------tks/kiqjk
t;iqj
---------------------------------------------------- t;iqj esaA
gkjQwu eYykg
Hkjriqj
1419 esokM+ jsyos dk uke jktLFkku jsyos dc
j[kk x;k ----------------------------------------------------15 fnlEcj 1948
1420 vjkoyh ioZr Jà[kyk us jkT; dks nks Hkkxksa esa ckV fn;k gS blesa jktLFkku dk mkj&ifpeh
Hkkx fdruk frkr gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 58 %
1421 jktLFkku esa ifjofrZr {ks= ds fodkl ds n`f"Vdks.k MADA lkstuk fdu yksxksa ds fy, ykxw
dh xbZ gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ vuqlwfpr tu tkfrA
1422 jktLFkku dk nf{k.kh&iwohZ Hkkx fdruk frkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 42 %
1423 e:/kj ds uke ls jktLFkku dk dkSulk laHkkx fl) gS -------------------------------------------- tks/kiqj laHkkxA
1424 jktLFkku fdu v{kkakksa ,o nskkUrjksa ds e/; fLFkr gS ---------- 2331 mkjh v{kkak ls 3011mkjh v{kkak rd rFkk
6929 iwohZ v{kkak ls 7817 iwohZ v{kkak rd A
1425 jktLFkku dk dqy {ks=Qy gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 342239 oxZ fdeh-A
1426 jkT; dk {ks=Qy nsk ds dqy {ks=Qy dk fdrus frkr gS -------------------------------------------------------- 11%
1427 dikl ds iks/ks dh pkbZ gS --------------------------------------------------------------------- lkekU;r% 1-25 ls 1-50 ehVjA
1428 dikl dh cqokbZ dc dh tkrh gS -------------------------------------------------------------- e/; vSy ls e/; twu rdA
1429 jktLFkku esa dikl fdrus dkj dh cksbZ tkrh gS --------------------------------------- nskh] vejhdh o ekyohA
1430 ekyiqjh] pksdyk :lh esfjuks] lksukM+h] ukyh] iwaxy] exjk] tSlyesjh] ekjokM+h] [ksjh bR;knh
fdl i'kq dh uLysa gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HksM+A
1431 Hkkjjrh; jsyos ,oa jktLFkku jkT; iFk ifjogu foHkkx ds la;qDr mie ds v/khu kjEHk dh xbZ
jsyxkM+h gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- iSysl vkWu OghYlA
1432 cdjh dh eq[k uLysa dkSu&dkSulh gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- yksgh] ckjcjh] fljksgh] t[kjkuk] ijcrljh] teukijh] ks[kkokVhA
~Page-92~
1433 ckjhd oL=] NksVk dn] eksVs xky] uqdhyh ukd] vke ds iks tSlh vk[ksa] xqEcn] yky o ihys jax
dk ;ksx] o"kkZ ds fp= fdl 'kSyh dh foks"krk gS ----------------------------------------------------------------- cwanh 'kSyh
1434 QM+ diMs+ ij fufeZr fp= 'kSyh ds eq[k fp=dkj gS ------------------------------ Jhyky tkskh&HkhyokM+kA
1435 jktlhdks RAJSICO dk iwjk uke gS -------------------------------------------------- jktLFkku y?kqm|ksx fuxe
1436 'khk egy fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ jktx< nqxZ &vyojA
1437 lgfj;k tutkfr dk dqEHk LFky dgk tkrk gS -------------------------------------------- lhrkckM+h ifo= /kke dksA
1438 f}osj ds ;q) dks *esokM+ dk esjkFku* fdlus dgk -------------------------------------------------- duZy tsEl VkWM usA
1439 jktLFkku esa fdl LFkku ij iSVksfy;e xSl vk/kkfjr fo/kqr x`g LFkkfir djus dk Lrko fd;k
x;k gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ tSlyesj esaA
1440 jkT; dh ty fo|qr&ifj;kstuk,a&
1 jkT; dh LofufeZk ;kstuk,a&
jkT; esa flapkbZ lacfU/kr rF;
o jk.kk rki lkxjA
o Tokgj lkxjA
ugj
xaxkuxj
o ekgh ty fo|qsr ;kstuk
rkykc ikyh o nf{k.kh Hkkx
o jkT; dh y?kq ty fo|qr ;kstuk,aA
dqvks las t;iqj o iwohZ {ks=
2- iM+kaslh jkT;ksa ds lkFk lk>k ;kstuk,a&
uydwi
Hkjriqj
o Hkk[kM+k& ukaxy ;kstukA
o O;kl ifj;kstuk & jktLFkku ] iatkc] gfj;k.kk dh la;qDr ifj;kstuk
o xka/kh lkxj ty fo|qr&;kstuk
o ueZnk ?kkVh ;kstuk & jktLFkku o e/;nsk dh la;qDr ifj;kstuk
1441 jDr dh rykbZ jkrk[ksr uke ls fl) LFkku gS ------------------------------------------------------------- Nkiyh fnosj
1442 jktLFkku dh eq[; vukt Qly tks *xzhu b;j* jksx ls xzflr gksrh gS ] og gS ---------------- cktjkA
1443 dkyhcaxk lH;rk dks loZFke dkk esa ykus dk Js; fn;k tk ldrk gS ------ veykuUn ?kks"kA
1444 jktLFkku iapk;rh jkt vf/kfu;e ]1994 dh Fke lwph esa nh xbZ 'kfDr;ka ,oa dk;Z dk lEcU/k gS
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- iapk;r lsA
1445 tuojh 2010 esa nsk dk lcls cM+k lksyj VsyhLdksi dgka LFkkfir gksxk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ mn;iqj lkSj oS/kkkyk esa
1446 Jh xaxkuxj ftys ds mi[k.Mksa dks guqekux<+ ftys esa lfEefyr fd;k x;k] os gSa ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- guqekux< rFkk ukSgjA
1447 iksdj.k esa ukfHkdh; ijh{k.k esa ;ksx gqvk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- IywVksfu;eA
1448 ekulh okdy ty lqjax fLFkr gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vylhx<+ mn;iqj
1449 fdl fuokZflr 'kkld us pko.M dks viuh jkt/kkuh cuk;k -------------------------------------- egkjk.kk rkiA
1450 eks;Z lH;rk ds ek.k fdl LFkku ij miyC/k gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ cSjkBA
1451 fdl iqjkrkfRod LFky esa tqrs gq, [ksr dk lk{; kIr gqvk gS ------------------------------------------- dkyhcaxkA
1452 yksd tqfEcl dk;Ze esa fdl nsk dk lg;ksx gS -------------------------------------------------- kal igys LohMu
1453 ukFk lEnk; dh xh fLFkr gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- drfj;klj&chdkusjA
1454 jktLFkku esa iapk;rh jkt dk eq[k foks"krk gS -------------------------------------------------------------- fu;fer pqukoA
1455 *jkx eTjh* ds jpf;rk dkSu Fks ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- iq.Mjhd foyA
1456 ywuh unh eq[;r% fdl jkT; esa cgrh gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- jktLFkku esaA
~Page-93~
1457 jktLFkku esa dkSulk {ks= Hkkjr esa

jkT; ds ck/k
LFkkfir xyx.M ls Hkkfor {ks=ksa
t;iqj
ds ekufp= esa lfEefyr gS ------------- dky[k lkxj]] jkelkxj
us
o
Vk]
jkex<+
ck
/
k
--------------- Mwxjiqj o cklokM+k {ks=A
cwnh
1458 jktLFkku esa fdl LFkku ij dkyk cj/kk ck/k ]jk.kk rkilkxj]
ikbZ
c
kykiq
j
k
laxejej cgqrk;kr ls ik;k tkrk
gS --------------------------------------- HkSalykukA
Hkwyk
fljksgh
1459 v.kqozr vkUnksyu ds orZd gS -----flfylsM
vyoj
-------------------- vkpk;Z Jh rqylh thA
fMaMyksV
ckjka
1460 ftl unh dk ty vjclkxj esa
dkyk [kks
nkSlk
okfgr gksrk gS ] og gS -----------------jkt lkxj
/kksyiqj
------------------------------------------------ pEcyA
lsabZMse
mn;iqj
1461 jktLFkku dk og rSjkd ftlus
baxfyl pSuy dks ikj fd;k --------eksrh >hy
Hkjriqj
-------------------------------------- 'kfDr 'kekZ A
ekgh] lqjokfu;k
cklokM+k
1462 yksg;qxhu lH;rk,a eq[;r% gS -------tk[ke
rkix<+
--------------------- uksg Hkjriqj]
tokbZ
ikyh
tks/kiqjk t;iqj] lqukjh >qa>quaw
chlyiqj
Vksad
1463 jkT; esa lIr xkSekrk efUnj fLFkr
gS --------------------- jSoklk xzke lhdj
jFkfy;kl
HkhyokM+k
1464 jk"Vh; xzkeh.k jkstxkj ;kstuk dk
lkjksyk] Hkheyh
>kykokM+
'kqHkkjEHk jkT; esa dgka ls fd;k
ikapuk
djkSyh
x;k ------------- mn;iqj ftys lsA
1465 lokbZ jkeflag us jktLFkku Ldwy vkWQ vkVZl~ dh LFkkiuk fdl o"kZ esa dh ----------------- 1859 bZ esaA
1466 lw;ZeYy feJ.k fk[kj iqjLdkj fdlds }kjk fn;k tkrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ jktLFkkuh Hkk"kk lkfgR; ,oa laLfr vdkneh }kjkA
1467 jktLFkku esa ekm.V vkcw fLFkr fnyokM+k efUnj fo[;kr gS ----------------------- tSu efUnj esa dyk gsrqA
1468 jktLFkku esa vHkzd bZaV m|ksx dsfUnzr gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------- HkhyokM+k ftys esaA
1469 jktLFkku mPp U;k;ky; dh LFkkiuk dc gqbZ Fkh ------------------------------------------------------- 1949 tks/kiqj esa
1470 ujsxk esa dsUnz o jkT; ljdkj dh Hkkxsnkjh gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 90 % 10
1471 jktLFkku esa ckS) laLfr ds voks"k dgka feys gS ------------------------------------------------------------- cSjkB t;iqj
1472 Jh ljLorh iqLrdky; ] tks vyE; ,oa nqyZHk lkfgR; dk vfre [ktkuk gS] fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Qrsgiqj lhdj
1473 dfjek ifj;kstuk fnlEcj 2005 lEcfU/kr gS ------------------------------------------------ dEI;wVj ks/kksfxdh lsA
1474 bZ&fe= ;kstuk dk 'kqHkkjEHk fd;k x;k ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17 twu 2006
1475 eq[;ea=h iapke`r vfHk;ku 26 tu- 2006 dks fdlds fy, 'kq: fd;k x;k ------ xHkZorh efgykvksa
o uotkr fkkqvksa ds fy,A
1476 jktLFkku dh vkS/kksfxd vFkZO;oLFkk dks lqn`<+ cukus esa lcls vf/kd lgk;d laxBu gS ----------------jhdks jktLFkku vkS/kksfxd ,oa fofu;kstu fuxe
1477 fdl 'kkld ds dky esa fdkux<+ fp=dyk 'kSyh vius pje lhek ij Fkh -------- jktk ukxjhnklA
1478 ukxkSj ftys esa Msxkuk Hkkdjh fdl mRiknu ds fy, fl) gS ---------------------------- VaxLVu ds fy,A
1479 jktLFkku dk lcls iqjkuk fdyk dkSulk gS -------------------------------------------------------------- tSlyesj 1155 bZ-
1480 jktLFkku dh vUrjkZ"Vh; lhek dh yEckbZ gS] yxHkx ------------------------------------------------------ 1070 fdeh-A
~Page-94~
1481 jktLFkku Hkk"kk] lkfgR; ,oa laLfr vdkneh] chdkusj }kjk dkfkr if=dk gS ------- tkxrh tksr
1482 esokM+ ds exjk {ks= ds Hkhyksa ds *dkykth* gS ---- dslfj;kukFk] _"kHknso vkSj vkfnukFk tSu /keZ
ds Fke rhFkZadjA
1483 jktLFkku esa tLrk 'kks/kd la;a= dgka gS -------------------------- pansfj;k fpkkSMx<+ rFkk nsckjh mn;iqj
1484 1857 dh kafr esa vaxzstks o tks/kiqj dh la;qDr lsuk dks ijkftr djus okyk Fkk ---------------------------------------------------------------- vkmok ds Bkdqj dqkky flagA
1485 jktLFkku esa cM+h rht eukbZ tkrh gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Hkknzin ".k r`rh;kA
1486 egkjk.kk rki iqjLdkj fdl {ks= ds fy, fn;k tkrk gS -------------------------------------------------------------- [ksyA
1487 jktLFkku dk xzkeh.k fouksbZ lEnk; fdl yksd nsork dk vuq;k;h gS --------------------------- tkEHkksthA
1488 eso tkfr ikbZ tkrh gS ---------------------------- vyoj esaA
1489 jktLFkku esa fla/kq?kkVh lH;rk ds voks"k dgka ls kIr gq, gS ------------------------- dkyhcaxk ,oa
jaxegyA
1490 jktiwrkuk ds fdl LFkku ij vykmhu f[kyth dks dBksj la?k"kZ djuk iM+k ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fpkkSM+x<+] j.kFkEHkkSj] flokukA
1491 chdkusj ds jk;flag us nks eqxy cknkkgksa dh lsok dh ] os Fks & ------------------ vdcj vkSj tgkxhjA
1492 ekgwj *foeyolgh* o *yw.kolgh* eafnj dgka gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------ nSyokM+kA
1493 ckcw egkjkt dk esyk fdl ftys esa Hkjrk
gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------jktLFkku dh kphu lH;rk ds LFky
---- /kksyiqjA
LFky
orZeku ftyk
1494 [;kr gS ,d & --------------------------------- x|
MkMkFkksjk
chdkusj
fo|k e/;kdkyhu jktLFkkuh lkfgR; dk
dkyhcaxk] ihyhcaxk o jaxegy
guqekux<
bfrgkl o`rkar
x.ksoj
lhdj
1495 jktLFkku esa iksFkh?kj dsUnz fdl nsk dh
lgk;rk ls [kksys x;s gS ---------------------------------lqukjh&[ksrM+h
>qa>quw
--------- tkikuA
tks/kiqjk] cSjkB] ufy;klj] lkaHkj
t;iqj
1496 vkfnokfl;ksa esa yhyk&eksfj;k laLdkj
MkMhdj
vyoj
fdlls lEcfU/kr gS -------------------------------------------uksg
Hkjriqj
---------- fookg lsA
kphu VkVkuxjhjs<+
Vksad
1497 jktho xk/kh tula[;k feku dh LFkkiuk
dc dh xbZ ----------------------------------------- 5
xjM+nk
cwnh
tqykbZ 2001 dksA
frifV;k
dksVk
1498 ?kuk i{kh fogkj fdlds ;klksa }kjk i{kh
pUnzkorh
>kykokM+
vH;kj.; ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k ---------------------------ckxkSj] vksf>;k.kk
HkhyokM+k
----------------------------------------------------------------------- MkWlyhe vyhA
uxjh ek/;fedk
fpkkSM+x<+
1499 'khk esM+h fLFkr gS --------------- nnjsok& pq:A
fxyw.M lH;rk
jktleUn
1500 chlyiqj ifj;kstuk dk lEcU/k fdl unh
vkgM+] ckykFky] bZloky
mn;iqj
ls gS ---------------------------------------- cukl unh lsA
fryokM+k
ckMesj
1501 dkyhcaxk dk 'kkfCnd vFkZ gS -----------------------vksyk {ks=
tSlyesj
dkyh pwfM+;kA
1502 ekpZ 1997 dks ?kksf"kr jktLFkku dk u;k ftyk dkSulk gS --------------------------------- djkSyhA
1503 HkksjkB dk iBkj fdu ftyksa esa QSyk gqvk gS ----------------------------------- mn;iqj] jktleUnA
~Page-95~
1504 jktLFkku jk"Vh; dsfedYl ,.M

jkT; ds eq[k yksdu`R;
QfVZykbtlZ dks dgka LFkkifr fd;k x;k -Fkkyh u`R; &QykSnh]
tks/kiqj
-- diklu fpkkSMx<+
?kqM+yk u`R;] MkaMh;k
1505 ryokj cU/kkbZ D;k gS -------------------------------u;s
u`R;
tkxhjnkj dh xhulhuh ds le;
rsjgrkyh u`R;
xknjyk xko& ikyh
mkjkf/kdkj ds :i esa jkT; }kjk fy;k
rFkk tSlyesj
tkus okyk 'kqYdA
<ksy u`R;
tkykSj
1506 jkT; esa dsUnzh; Hkw&laj{k.k cksMZ dk;kZy;
dgka fLFkr gS ------------------------- dksVk]
okyj u`R;
fljksgh
tks/kiqjA
Mkax u`R;
ukFk}kjk& jktleUn
1507 fdl >hy esa lfnZ;ksa esa jktgalyksfeaxst
xojha u`R;
mn;iqj
cM+h ek=k esa vkrs gS ---------------- lkaHkj >hyA
pdjh u`R;
dksVk
1508 jktLFkku dh fopkj/kkjk dh fp=dyk dk
fcUnksjh u`R;
>kykokM+
vkjfEHkd eq[; dsUnz Fkk ----------------------- cwnhA
fkdkjh u`R;
ckjk
1509 jktLFkku ds fdu 'kgjksa esa f"k
foofo/kky; gS --------------------------------------------------ykaxqfj;k u`R;
djkSyh
---- mn;iqj] o chdkusjA
ce u`R;]ukSVadh o
Hkjriqj
1510 jktLFkkuh *rkjk Hkkr dh vks<+uh dk
pjdqyk u`R;
igukok* fdl tkfr dh efgykvksa dk gS ---pjh u`R;
fdkux<
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------xhanM+] pax o dPph
'ks[kkokVh lhdj]>qU>quw
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------?kksMh u`R;
o pq:
-------------------------- tkV efgyk,A
vfXu u`R;
chdkusj
1511 4000 o"kZ iqjkuh lH;rk ds iqjkrkfRod
voks"k mn;iqj ds lehi ,d xko ls kIr
gq, gS]og xko gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vkgM+A
1512 dke/ksuq chek ;kstuk tks fd i'kq/ku ls lEcfU/kr gS ]blesa hfe;e dh fdruh jkkh jkT; ljdkj
ogu djsxh ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 25 frkrA
1513 vUrjkZ"Vh; efgyk fnol euk;k tkrk gS -------------------------------------------------------------------- fro"kZ 8 ekpZ dksA
1514 vfHkys[kksa ds vk/kkj ij jktLFkku esa 8 oha ls 12 oha 'krkCnh ds e/; fdl nso dh loksZPp :i ls
iwtk dh tkrh Fkh ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fkoA
1515 gkM+ksrh cksyh jktLFkku ds fdu {ks=ksa esa cksyh tkrh gS ------------------------------------------------------ dksVk& cwnhA
1516 xksxkesM+h /kqjesM+h fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ uksgj guqekux<
1517 xaxugj fudkyh xbZ gS -------------------------------------------------------------------- fQjkstiqj ds fudV gqlSuhokyk ls A
1518 jktLFkku esa VaxLVu /kkrq dh [kkusa fdu ftyksa esa gS ------------------------------------ ukxkSj o fljksghA
1519 jkT; esa lQsn lhesUV fuekZ.k ds eq[; dsUnz gS ------------------------------------------------ xksVu& [kkfj;k [kaxkjA
1520 xksMokM] fljksgh] vkcw] esokM+] o xqtjkr esa tSu /keZ ds ,d rhFkZadj ds thoUr Lokeh Lo:i dh
ifjpk;d ewfrZ;ka lokZf/kd la[;k esa fufeZr gqbZ gS ];g thoUr Lokeh gSa rhFkZadj ---------- egkohj
LokehA
1521 xax ugj dk jkT; es osk LFky gS ------------------------------------------------ [k[[kk ds ikl xaxkuxj ftys esaA
1522 Hkkjr esa oU; i{kh lqj{kk vf/kfu;e dkuwu dc cuk;k x;k -------------------------------------------------- 1887 esaA
1523 jktLFkku dk og ftyk ftldh lhek xqtjkr o ikfdLrku ls feyrh gS ---------------------------- ckMesjA
~Page-96~
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1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
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1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
jfld f;k D;k gS ---------------------------------------------------- t;nso }kjk jfpr xhr&xksfoUn ij jfpr VhdkA
vdcj us jk.kk rki dks le>kus ds fy, fdldks loZFke nwr ds :i esa Hkstk -------- tyky [kkA
ukdksM+k gS ],d & ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ /kkfeZd dsUnz tSfu;ksa dk rhFkZaLFky
jktLFkku dk lcls iqjkuk fgUnh nSfud lkekpkj&i= dkSulk gS --------------------------------------- uoT;ksfrA
uS.klh jh [;kr fdl Hkk"kk esa fy[kh xbZ gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ jktLFkkuhA
jkT; esa og dkSulk LFkku gS tgka jRuksa dh dVkbZ o ikWfyfkax gksrh gS -------------------------------- t;iqjA
xksxkth dk iwtk LFky gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ][kstM+h o`{kA
iUuk/kk; thou ve`r ;kstuk dk lEcU/k gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ch- ih- ,y- ifjokjksa dks lkekftd lqqj{kk ds ms; ls ifjokjksa dk chek djukA
jktLFkku esa oU; i'kq ,oa i{kh laj{k.k vf/kfu;e dc cuk;k c;k ----------------------------- 23 vSy 1951
t;ey& Qkk dkSu Fks ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- mn;flag ds lsukuk;dA
jktLFkku ds Fke egkjkt eq[k dkSu Fks ---------------------------------------- mn;iqj ds egkjk.kk Hkwiky flagA
jktLFkku iapk;rh jkt vf/kfu;e ]1994 dks jkT;iky dh lgefr dc kIr gqbZ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23 viSy] 1994 dksA
jkT; dh igyh esVks Ms;jh LFkkfir dh xbZ gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- cLlhA
jktLFkku jkT; iFk ifjogu fuxe }kjk bZ&fVdfVax lsok dc 'kq: dh xbZ &--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19 vDVw- 2005 dksA
VkWMx<+&jkoyh vH;kj.; dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1983 esaA
jktLFkku esa ghfy;e xSl dgka feyrh gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ?kksVk:A
;wusLdks }kjk foo frd /kjksgj lwph esa 'kkfey fd;k x;k jk"Vh; m|ku gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- dsoyknso ?kuk i{kh fogkj 1985
7 oha 'krkCnh ds iq";Hkwfr oak ds jktk g"kZo/kZu ds ckjs esa tkudkljh fdl xzaFk la feyrh gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- g"kZpfjr] lh&;w&dhA
Mwxjiqj fLFkr ukSy[kk ckoM+h 1586 fdlus cuokbZ ------------------------------------------------ jkuh heynsoh usA
xaxugj dh dqy yEckbZ gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 292 fdeh-A
v<+kbZ fnu dk >ksaiM+k efLtn esa ;qDr Lrj [kaMksa esa fdl ukVd ds vak Vafdr gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- gfjdsyhA
gfjdsyh ukVd ds jfp;rk dkSu Fks -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- foxzgjkt prqFkZ A
>kM+kkgh flDds fdl jkT; ls lEcfU/kr Fks ---------------------------------------------------------------------- vkesj&t;iqjA
csVh dk igyk lo gksus ij mlds ihgj okyksa }kjk taokbZ o mlds lEcfU/k;ksa dks HksaV nsuk
dgykrk gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- dksFkykA
jktLFkku ds fdl ftys esa ekfpl m|ksx ds lokZf/kd dkj[kkus gS ------------------------------------ vyoj esaA
jktLFkku esa lkseukFk efUnj tks LFkkiR; dyk dk mR"V uewuk gS] fLFkr gS ------------------- Hkkux<+A
dkaluk ,oa dkadokM+h uked iBkj fLFkr gS -------------------------------------------------------- lfjLdk vH;kj.; esaA
ukFk}kjk esa JhukFk th dh ewfrZ vkSjaxtsc ds le; dgk ls ykbZ xbZ ---------oànkou ds trhiqjk lsA
nhuca/kq ekWMy dk lEcU/k fdl dkj dh tkZ ls gS -------------------------------------------------------------- ck;ksxSlA
jktLFkku esa ysVk] ekaxjksy ,oa lkykokl
tkus tkrs gS --------------- diM+s dh enksa dh
nsoh nsorkvksa ds okgu i'kq&i{kh
cqukbZ ds fy,A
nqxkZ
flag
fko
o`"kHk
~Page-97~
1554 xksj[k rkykc fLFkr gS -------------------------------------bUnz

,sjkor gkFkh
------------------------------------------- xksxkesM+h ds ikl A
;ejkt
HkSalk
1555 jktLFkku ds og Fke 'kkld ftUgksus
y{eh
mYyw
vdcj dh v/khurk dks Lohdkj fd;k -------dkfrZds;
e;wj
------------------------------------------------------- jko HkkjeyA
'khryk ekrk
xnZHk
1556 dkB dh jSu clsjk egy jkT; ds fdl
ftys esa gS ---------------------------------- >kykokM+ esaA
xaxk
exjePN
1557 ekany gS ,d ------------------------------------------------------ljLorh
gl
---------------- ok| ;a= rFkk xjkfl;ksa dk u`R;A
x.ksk
ew"kd
1558 foo esa lkSj tkZ lapkfyr igyh ukao
fo".kq
x:M+
dgka cukbZ xbZ gS ----------------------- mn;iqj esaA
1559 jkT; ds igys dSfIVo ikoj IykUV dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ gS ---------------- >kej dksVM+kA
1560 eSXlsls iqjLdkj fotsrk Jhefr v:.kk jk; dh xfrfof/k;ksa dk eq[; dsUnz jgk gS -------------- vtesjA
1561 lkbZcsfj;u lkjl dk eq[; [kk| dqVVw dh ?kkl ikbZ tkrh gS ------------------------------- dsoyknso ?kuk
i{kh fogkj esaA
1562 Hkkjr esa gfjr kafr ,e- ,l- LokehukFku ds ;klksa ls dc kjEHk gqbZ --------------------------- 1966&67
1563 fdl fnkk esa jktLFkku esa o"kkZ dh ek=k esa o`f) gksrh gS ------------------------------- ifpe ls nf{k.k&iwoZA
1564 jktLFkku dks dqy fdrus HkkSfrd Hkkxksa esa ckaV j[kk gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
1565 e/;dkyhu esokr ds fl) lUr Fks --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ykynklA
1566 f"k ,oa xzkeh.k fodkl ds fy, laLFkkxr eSFkh fok dh O;oLFkk dh leh{kk ds fy, fkojeu dh
v/;{krk esa cuh lfefr dk frosnu tkuk tkrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------- sfQdknZ A
1567 yksd tqfEck ;kstuk dk vFkZ gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- kFkfed fk{kk lsaA
1568 Qsjh Dohu gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ,d i;ZVu jsyxkM+hA
1569 Hkk[kM+k& ukaxy ifj;kstuk esa jktLFkku dk fgLlk gS -------------------------------------------------- 15-22 frkr A
1570 eqag ls ctk;k tkus okyk ok| ;U= gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ vyxksstkA
1571 jktLFkku ds ftl ftys esa Hkk[kM+k& ukaxy ck/k ls
jktLFkku ds uoxfBr ftysa
lcls vf/kd flapkbZ gksrh gS] og gS -------- guqekux<+A
/kksyiqj
27
15&vSy&1982
1572 jktLFkku dk Fke iw.kZ lk{kj xko gS -------------- elwnkA
ckjk
28
10&vSy&1991
1573 ftl fnkk esa vjkoyh Jsf.k;ksa dh pkSM+kbZ c<rh tkrh
gS ]og gS ------------ mn;iqj ds iwoZ ls nf{k.k & ifpeA
nkSlk
29
1574 j.kdiqj dk tSu eafnj fdl vH;kj.; esa fLFkr gS -----jktleUn 30
---------------------------------------------------------- dqEHkyx< vH;kj.; esa
guqekux<+ 31 12&tqykbZ&1994
1575 jktLFkku dk nwljk lcls cM+k 'kgj dkSulk gS -----------djkSyh
32 19&tqykbZ&1997
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- tks/kqijA
rkix<
33 26&tuojh&2008
1576 jktLFkku dk og ftyk tks bZlcxksy] thjk o VekVj
dh mit ds fy, fl) gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ tkykSjA
1577 c<+kj dk Hkkst fdl ekSds ij j[kk tkrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fookgA
1578 ckjkcQkr bZn&my&feyknqyuch R;ksagkj fdldh ;kn esa euk;k tkrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- iSxEcj gtjr eksgEen ds tUefnu dh ;kn esaA
1579 1930 ds nkd esa Hkjriqj esa jktuhfrd tkx`fr dk Js; fdldks tkrk gS----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Jh fdkuyky tkskh dksA
1580 jktLFkku ds fdl vH;kj.; esa gjs dcwrj ik;s tkrs gS -------------------------------------- lfjLdk@dsoyknsoA
~Page-98~
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1613
jktLFkku ds ,dek= nsork ]tks ,d dfo Hkh Fks ---------------------------- jkensoth fr&pkSfcl ckf.k;k
jktLFkku dh Lo.kZ uxjh ds uke ls tkus tkus okyk 'kgj gS ---------------------------------------------- tSlyesjA
dqvk [kksnus ls igys fdldh iwtk dh tkrh gS ------------------------------------------------------------- guqeku th dhA
jktLFkku ds nf{k.k fnkk ls osk djus okyk unh ;qXe gS -------------------------------------------- ekgh&pEcyA
eaxyk gS ,d& -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- rsy dk dqvk ckMesj
lokjh dh n`f"V ls dkSulk aV vpNk ekuk tkrk gS ------------------------------------ xkseB dk aV QykSnh
tgkxhj }kjk ejh;e&ml&tekuh dh mik/kh fdls nh xbZ ------------------------------------------------ gjdk ckbZA
jktLFkku esa >j.kksa ls flapkbZ dh tkrh gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------- cklokM+k {ks= esaA
vdcj ds uojRuksa esa jktLFkku ds dkSuls dfo Fks ----------------------------------------------- vcqy Qty@QSthA
ukSgj guqekux<+ esa dkSulk fl) esyk Hkjrk gS ----------------------------------------------------- xksxkth dk esykA
vkWuykbZu ,Q- vkbZ- vkj- dh ;kstuk jktLFkku iqfyl }kjk dc o dgka 'kq: dh xbZ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18 fnlEcj 2006 dks dkyokM+ iqfyl Fkkuk esaA
v[ky&njhck D;k gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- nknw iaFk dk lRlax LFkyA
vkWijsku VkbZxj lEcfU/kr gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- lfjLdk vH;kj.;
esa foyqIr gks jgs ck?kksa dh rykk gsrq v:.k lSu ds usr`Ro esa pyk;k x;k vfHk;kuA
esokrh cksyh fdl ftys esa cksyh tkrh gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vyojA
pkd.k e/;e flapkbZ ifj;kstuk fdl ftys esa gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------- cwnh esaA
vkWijsku yM dk lEcU/k fdlls gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- nqX/k mRiknu ls A
jktLFkku dk ,dek= 'kkL=h; u`R; *dRFkd* ds vUrjkZ"Vh; [;krh kIr dykdkj gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fcjtw egkjktA
fdlsh v/;{rk esa 'ks[kkokVh fdlku vkUnksyu esa 10]000 ls vf/kd tkV efgykvksa us dVjkFky esa
25 vSy 1934 dks Hkkx fy;k -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fdkksjh nsohA
fdUgsa vfHkuo Hkjrkpk;Z ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gS ----------------------------------------------- egkjk.kk dqEHkk A
eqjfd;k iguh tkrh gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------dku esaA
ewaxQyh mRiknu esa Fke LFkku gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- t;iqj dkA
ehjka ckbZ fdl oak dh Fkh -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- jkBkSM+ esM+rk
'kcs&ckjkr dc euk;k tkrk gS ------------------------------------------------------- 'kkcku ekg dh 14 oha rkjh[k dksA
jktLFkku dh fl) ued >hy lkaHkj dk fuek.kZ fdl pkSgkuoakh 'kkld us djok;k ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oklqnsoA
jktLFkku ds nqxksZa esa nqxkZf/kjkt fdls dgk tkrk gS -------------------------------------------------------- j.kFkEHkkSj nqxZA
jke lk ihj ds uke ls fl) lUr dk lgh uke D;k gS ------------------------------------------------- ckck jkensoA
lhey ;k tksruh] Q.kksa] gky] QwbZ] QkY;ksa ;s lc D;k gS ---------------------- gy ls lEcfU/kr midj.kA
teZuh }kjk iksf"kr *vki.kh ;kstuk* jktLFkku ds dkSuls ftyksa esa py jgh gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- pq: o guqekux<+A
jk"Vh; jktekxZ &3 jktLFkku ds fdl ftys ls xqtjrk gS ------------------------------------------------- /kksyiqj lsA
vesfjdk ds iwoZ jk"Vifr fcy fDyaVu }kjk Hkkjr ;k=k ds nkSjku fdl jk"Vh; ikdZ dh ;k=k dh
xbZ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- j.kFkEHkkSj jk"Vh; ikdZA
lokbZ t;flag us ikap oS/kkkykvksa dk fuekZ.k djok;k Fkk ]os fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ t;iqj] fnYyh] eFkqjk] cukjl o mTtSuA
Nkih ifj;kstuk dk lEcU/k fdl ftys ls gS -------------------------- >kykokM+A
yksgM+h R;kSagkj lEcfU/kr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ flD[k lekt lsA
~Page-99~
1614 vkWijsku jktgal dk lEcU/k gS ---------------------------------- Qjojh 2005 esa dsoyknso ?kkuk i{kh vH;kj.;
Hkjriqj esa foyqIr gks jgs lQsn lkjlksa dks cpkus gsrw pyk;k x;k vfHk;kuA
1615 i'kq lEink ds forj.k dh n`f"V ls jFk {ks= fdl ftys esa fLFkr gS -------------------------------- guqekux<A
1616 cklokM+k vkSj Mawxjiqj dk kphu uke D;k gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ckxM+A
1617 dsUnzh; 'kq"d {ks= m|kfudh vuqla/kku dsUnz fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------ chdkusj esaA
1618 jktLFkku esa vjkoyh ioZrekyk dh leqnzry ls vkSlr apkbZ gS -------------------------------------- 930 ehVjA
1619 NksVh rht R;kSagkj fgUnq iapkax ds vuqlkj fdl ekg esa euk;k tkrk gS --------------------------- Jko.k esaA
1620 Ms;jh ,oa [kk| foKku ks/kksfxdh egkfo/kky; gS -------------------------------------------------------------------- mn;iqj esaA
1621 xksMkou eq[;r& dgka ik;s tkrs gS --------- jk"Vh; e: m|ku tSlyesj] lksadfy;kvtesj rFkk
lkjlu ckjk
1622 vkSjaxtsc us tks/kiqj ds 'kkld tloUr flag dks 1658 bZ- ds /kjer ds ;q) esa ijkftr fd;k Fkk
A /kjer fdl jkT; esa fLFkr gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- e/;nsk esaA
1623 ekjokM+ ds iap ihjksa esa fdudk uke fy;k tkrk gS --------------------------------------------------------------------- xksxkth]
gM+cwth] esgkth ekaxfy;k rFkk -------------------------------- ] ----------------------------------- A
1624 jktLFkku dh Fke flapkbZ ;kstuk fdls ekuk tkrk gS --------------------------------------------------- xax ugj dksA
1625 bZljykV ljxklwyh D;k gS ------------------------------------- f=iksfy;k cktkj esa fLFkr aph ehukj t;iqj
1626 jktLFkku tutkfr {ksf=; fodkl lgdkjh la?k dh LFkkiuk dc dh xbZ ------------------------ 1976 esaA
1627 jktLFkku ds HkokbZ ukV~; ds tUenkrk Fks ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ukxksth tkVA
1628 t;iqj ftys esa ekuiqjk ekspM+h dks fodflr fd;k x;k gS ------ ysnjpeM+k dkWEiysDl ds :i esaA
1629 Hkkjr ds dqy ou {ks=Qy dk fdruk frkr Hkkx jktLFkku esa gS ---------------------------------------------------1-8
1630 tSlyesj ds ujsk dqynsoh ds :i esa fdl nsoh dh iwtk djrs Fks ----------------------------- Lokafx;k nsohA
1631 tkykSj& ckMesj ftyksa rd ikuh igqpkus ds fy, fdl ifj;kstuk dk fuekZ.k fd;k tk jgk gS -------------------- ljnkj ljksoj ck/kA
1632 i;ZVu dh n`f"V ls egy ,oa QOokjksa ds fy, fl) uxj gS --------------- Mhx Hkjriqj
jktLFkku ds egkoiw.kZ uxj ,oa muds kphu uke
orZeku uke
kphu uke
vyoj
vykSj
vjkoyh
vkM+oky
c;kuk
Jh iaFk
c`tuxj
>kyjkikVu
cwnh] dksVk
gkM+ksrh
cSjkB
fojkV
tks/kiqj
ekjokM+] e:Hkwfe
fpkkSM+
f[ktzkckn
mn;iqj
esokM+
/kksyiqj
dksBh
guqekux<
HkVusj
rkjkx<
x<chVyh
t;lEcUn
<scj
~Page-100~
1633 eqxy] ;wjksih; ,oa jktiwr LFkkiR; dyk

tSlyesj
ekaM
dk vn~Hkqr leUo; ds fy, esgekuokth ds
djkSyh
xksikyiky
fy, fufeZr **eqckjd egy** fLFkr gS ---------esokM+
esnikV
----------------------------------------------------------- t;iqj esaA
ukxkSj
v{kf=;iqj
1634 lUr /kUuk dk tUe fdl ftys esa gqvk Fkk
--------------------------------------------------------------------- VksadA
lkapksj
lR;iqjh
1635 xzsukbZV iRFkj ,oa pwus ls fuer ck/k gS ----vkesj]t;iqj
<w<kM+
---------------------------------------------------------------- tokbZ A
chdkusj o ukxkSj
tkaxy
1636 Fkkj ds e:LFky esa U;wu o"kkZ dk dkj.k
ckMesj
Jheky
ftu iouksa dh vjkoyh ds lkFk
tkykSj
Lo.kZ fxjh
lekukUrjrk gS] os gS -------------------------------------vjclkxjh; ekulwuA
1637 lokbZ 'kCn dk ;ksx loZFke fdl dNokg 'kkld }kjk fd;k x;k -------------------- t;flag f}rh;A
1638 jktLFkku fo/kkulHkk }kjk ikfjr /keZ ifjorZu fo/ks;d fopkjk/khu gS ----------- jk"Vifr ds iklA
1639 fpkkSM+x< esa fot;lrEHk dk fuekZ.k fdlus djok;k --------------------- jk.kk dqEHkk usA
1640 jkT; esa vkSlru ou {ks= fr O;fDr gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0-06 gSDVs;jA
1641 jkT; esa lkxoku ds ouksa dk ,dek= vH;kj.; gS ------------------------------------------------------------------- lhrkekrkA
1642 tks/kiqj ftys esa ikuh esa yksjkbZM ?kVd dks ?kVkus ds fy, dkSu&lh fof/k dke esa yh tkrh gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ukyxkSM+kA
1643 SWRC lkekftd dk;Z 'kks/k dsUnz fdl LFkku ij gS -------------------------------------------------------- xksfoUnx<+A
1644 jktLFkku eas fdl LFkku ij o"kZ 2006 esa foukkdkjh ck<+ vkbZ ---------------------------------- dokl] ckMesjA
1645 1961 esa ifoHkw"k.k ls lEekfur jkT; ds O;fDr Fks ---------------------------------- Jh ?ku;ke nkl fcM+ykA
1646 fl) jktLFkkuh xSj u`R; esa Hkkx ysrs gSa ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ dsoy iq:"kA
1647 t;iqj QqV ds vkfo"dkjd Jh- ih- ds lsBh dk fu/ku dc gqvk --------------------- 6 tuojh 2008 dksA
1648 Hkkjrh; /keZkkL=ksa esa 5 eq[k rhFkZa lokZf/kd ifo= ekus x;s gS] os gSa ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- dq:{ks=] x;k] xaxk] ;kx vkSj iq"djA
1649 eqg.kksr uS.klh us frgkjksa dh fdruh 'kk[kkvksa dk o.kZu fd;k gS ---------------------------------------------------- 26
1650 fetkZ jktk t;flag }kjk 1665 iqjUnj ds ?ksjs ds le; dkSulk ;k=h mifLFkr Fkk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ cfuZ;jA
1651 laxejej mRiknu dh n`f"V ls jkT; esa Fke LFkku ij gS -------------------------------------------------- jktleUnA
1652 jktLFkku dh dqy ou lEink dk fdrus frkr Hkkx ,dek= mn;iqj ftys esa lokZf/kd ik;k
tkrk gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20-87 frkr A
1653 :i daoj dk lEcU/k fdl Fkk ls Fkk ------------------------------------------------------------------ lrh FkkA
1654 dksko)Zu fdys dk pfyr uke gS ----------------------------------------------------------- 'ksjx<+ dk fdykA
1655 jktLFkku esa ouksa dks lqjf{kr j[kus dh ;kstuk loZFke fdlus cukbZ -- tks/kiqj ujsk us 1910 esa
1656 iq"dj esa czk eafnj ds vfrfjDr jktLFkku esa gh czk th dk nwljk eafnj dgka gS ---------------------------------------------------------------- vklksrjkA
1657 dkSuls nqxZ dks jktLFkku dh mkjh lhek dk gjh ekuk tkrk gS ------- lksukjx< dksA
1658 lar ihik dh xqQk dgka gS ---------- VksMk esaA
1659 rksj.k ekjuk rhd gS -----------------fot; dkA
1660 vkaxuokMh+ dk;Ze lEcfU/kr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ fk{kk lsA
1661 jktLFkku fok fuxe RFC dh LFkkiuk dc gqbZ --------------------------------------------- 17 tuojh 1955 dksA
~Page-101~
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1666
1667
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1669
1670
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1672
1673
1674
1675
1676
1677
1678
1679
1680
jkT; esa dkSulk tUrqvky; viuh i{khkkyk ds fy, fl+) gS ----------------------------------------------- tks/kiqjA
LokfHkeku ;kstuk dk lEcU/k gS ------------------ fHk[kkfj;ksa ds fy, vkokl o jkstxkj eqgS;k djkus lsA
dMkuk ck/k fdl jkT; esa ,oa fdl unh ij fLFkr gS ------------------------------ xqtjkr esa ekgh unha ijA
Hkkjr dk lcls NksVk ck?k vH;kj.; ftls Hkkjrh; ck?kksa dk ?kj dgk tkrk gS -------------------------------------------- j.kFkEHkkSj jk"Vh; m|kuA
tkyNkij o ifjgkjk ju {ks= gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 'ks[kkokVh {ks= esaA
ek/;fedk uxjh fLFkr gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fpkkSMx<+ esaA
'kdwu 'kkL= ds Kkrk dkSuls ihj Fks ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- gM+cwthA
ftys ds {ks=Qy ds lUnHkZ esa Fke LFkku ou lEink esa fdl ftys dk gS --------- ckalokM+k 24-35
Lrwi ns[kus dks feyrs gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ pq: esaA
*lse* fdl fLFkfr ls lEcfU/kr gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------- ikfjfLFkfrd esa ifjorZuA
jktiwrksa ds fdl oak us t;iqj fj;klr ij 'kklu fd;k Fkk ------------------------------------------------ dNokgkA
iapk;rksa dks laoS/kkfud ntkZ nku fd;k x;k gS ------------------------------------------------------ vuqpNsn 243 esaA
jkteq[k ds in dks jkT;iky dk inuke fn;k x;k --------------------------------------------------------------- 1956 esaA
HkfDr jl dfof;=h ehjkckbZ Fkh --------------------------------------------------------------- ,d jktiwr 'kkld dh iRuhA
nsk dk lcls cM+k ?kfM+;ky vH;kj.; fdl unh ij fLFkr gS -------------------------------------- pEcy&dksVkA
jkT; i{kh xksMkou dk oSKkfud uke gS ----------------------------------------------------------------- k;ksVhl ukbxzhlSIlA
jktLFkku esa bUnzLFk vkS/kksfxd {ks= ds :i esa LFkkfir fd;k x;k gS ------------------------------- dksVk dksA
gfjr kafr ds tUenkrk Fks --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ukeZu cksjykWxA
jkT; ljdkj dks dkuwuh ekeyksa esa lykg nsus ds fy, vf/kr gS --------------------------------- egkf/koDrkA
jktLFkku esa pfyr flDds
flDds
lEcfU/kr LFkku
Lo:i'kkgh
mn;iqj
inekkgh
esokM+
lkfyekkgh
rkix<+
>kM+kkgh
vkesj]t;iqj
fot;kkgh] xtkkgh
ekjokM+ tks/kiqj
<+Ccwkkgh] Hkhekkgh
jkokkgh
vyoj
'kkgvkyeh
fpkkSM+x<+
eqgegnkkgh] MksMh;k]
tSlyesj
v[kskkgh
y{ke.kkkgh
cklokM+k
reapkkkgh
/kksyiqj
nzEe] :id] d"kkZi.k
esokM+
iqjkuk :i;k]
X;kjg&vuk] jkekkgh
cwnh
:i;k] dVkjkkgh]
psgjskkgh flDds
~Page-102~
1681 ek ckM+h ;kstuk lEcfU/kr gS -------------------------X;kj lafn;ka] ek/kkskkgh

'kkgiqj
---------------------- lgfj;k tutkfr esa fk{kk ds
enukkkgh
dksVk
fr tkx:drk ykus gsrwA
1682 ftyk xjhch mUewyu ifj;kstuk tqykbZ 2000 ls foo cSad dh lgk;rk ls jkT; esa fdrus ftyksa
esa pykbZ tk jgh gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 ftyksa esaA
1683 viuk xko viuk dke ;kstuk kjEHk dh xbZ ------------------------------- 1 tuojh 1991 dksA
1684 lkisf{kd n`f"V ls jktLFkku ds fuEu Hkw&vkfrd nskksa dk Hkkx tks v/kj okg dk {ks= gS ------------------------------------------ n- iwohZA
1685 djek o xkSjk dkSu Fks ------------------- jkT; esa thoksa dh j{kkFkZ igyk cfynku lu~ 1604 esa tks/kiqj
fj;klr ds jkeklM+h xko esa bu nks O;fDr;ksa }kjk fn;k x;k A
1686 HkhyokM+k ftys esa ftl lEnk; dh ihB fLFkr gS ------------------- jkekuqt lEnk; dh A
1687 t;flag uhjt ds vuqlkj jktLFkkuh rkjk Hkkra dh vks<uha dk igukok ftuesa pfyr gS] og gS -------------------- Hkhy@tkV efgyk,aA
1688 gjs laxejej ds mRiknu esa fdl ftys dk Fke LFkku gS ---------------------------------- mn;iqjA
1689 jkensoth ds eafnjksa dks dgka tkrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ nsojkA
1690 yse vkWQ n QkWjsLV dgykrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ iykl o`{kA
1691 jktiwrkuk ds fdl jkt?kjkus us tke.My dks laj{k.k ns j[kk Fkk ------------------------------------ >kykokM+A
1692 pEcy QfVZykbtlZ ,.M dSfedy b.MLVht LFkkfir gS ----------------------------------------- xM+siku & dksVkA
1693 jktLFkku esa ouksa dh deh dk eq[k dkj.k gS ------------------------------------------------------------ tyok;q ifjorZuA
1694 jktLFkku ds fdl ftys esa jkT; ljdkj lokZf/kd ikq esykasa dk vk;kstu djrh gS ------- ukxkSj esaA
1695 'kkjnk ,DV ds .ksrk Fks ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- jk;cgknqj gjfcyklA
1696 jktLFkku dh lokZf/kd yEch lhek fudVorhZ jkT; ls fdrus fdeh- yxrh gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1600 fdeh-e/;nsk
1697 jktLFkku dh lcls de lhek fudVorhZ jkT; ls fdrus fdeh- yxrh gS ------------ 89 fdeh-iatkc
1698 jktLFkku dh lokZf/kd yEch vUrjk"Vh; lhek fudVorhZ nsk ls fdrus fdeh- yxrh gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 464 fdeh-tSlyesj
1699 jktLFkku dh lcls de vUrjk"Vh; lhek fudVorhZ nsk ls fdrus fdeh- yxrh gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 164 fdeh-chdkusj
1700 nkSjkbZ dk ;q) fdlds e/; gqvk Fkk -------------------------------------------------------------------------- vkSjaxtsc vkSj nkjkA
1701 jktLFkku jkT; ds iquxZBu ls iwoZ loZFke lu~ 1934 esa rkez kfIr dk LFkku gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ dqjkM+k ijcrlj rglhy
1702 jktLFkku ds fdl ftys esa 21 twu dks lw;Z dh lh/kh fdj.ksa iM+rh gSa] og gS -------------- cklokM+kA
1703 jktLFkku esa lcls yEch ty ifjogu lqjax gS ----------------------------------------------------- ekulh okdy lqjaxA
1704 i;kZoj.k oSKkfud ds uke ls fdl yksd lar dks tkuk tkrk gS ---------------------------------- tkEHkksth dksA
1705 igyk fu;kZr lao)Zu ksRlkgu vkS/kksfxd ikdZ fLFkr gS -------------------------------------------- lhrkiqjk&t;iqjA
1706 jk"Vh; jkt/kkuh {ks= fodkl ifj;kstuk fdrus uxjksa esa lapkfyr dh tk jgh gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- rhu esa kkgtgkaiqj] uhejkuk] vkSj cgjksM+
1707 fk{kk lEcy egkvfHk;ku dh 'kq:vkr dh xbZ ---------------------------------------------------- 15 tqykbZ 2006 dksA
1708 vUrfj{k egekuksa dh ilanhnk txg tgka ,d nkd esa ukS mYdkfi.M fxjs] og gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- gkM+ksrh vapyA
1709 cj[kku D;k gS ---------------------------------------------------------------- lokZf/kd xfrkhy v)Z pUnzkdkj ckyqdk LrwiA
~Page-103~
1710 chdkusj fdys dk fuekZ.k dc fd;k x;k ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1488 esa ;g jkT; dk nwljk lcls iqjkuk fdyk gSA
1711 jktLFkku esa lkxoku ds o`{kkjksi.k gsrw vf/kd mi;qDr ftys gS ---------------------- cklokM+k o mn;iqjA
1712 jktLFkku dh Loj dksfdyk] e:Hkwfe dh yrk dh laKk ls fdls uoktk x;k gS ----lhek feJk dksA
1713 xkxjksu dk fdyk fdl Js.kh esa vkrk gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ty nqxZA
1714 Hkkjr esa ,dek= VaxLVu dh [kkusa gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Msxkuk Hkkdjh
1715 ekgh ifj;kstuk ftu nks jkT;ksa dh la;qDr ifj;kstuk gS ]os jkT; gSa ---------------- jktLFkku&xqtjkrA
1716 jktLFkku esa mLrkn dgykus okys fp=dkjksa us fHkfk fp= fdl uxj esa cuk;s gSa ------- chdkusj esaA
1717 tks/kiqj ds fudV vksfl;ka esa eafnjksa dk lewg fdudh nsu gS ----------------------------------------------- frgkjksa A
1718 ,fk;k dk Js"B tLrk ,oa lhlk v;Ld Hk.Mkj miyC/k gS ---------------------- jkeiqj vkaxqpk HkhyokM+k
1719 vjkoyh Ja[kyk ds ifpe o mkj ifpe esa fLFkr 12 ftyksa esa jkT; dh fdrus frkr
tula[;k fuokl djrh gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 40 frkrA
1720 ou fLFkfr fjiksVZ& 2003 ds vuqlkj jktLFkku dk lokZf/kd oukPNkfnr ftyk dkSulk gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- mn;iqjA
1721 jktLFkku ds fdl ftys esa lkSj tkZ pkfyr feYd fpfyax IykaV fLFkr gS ------------------------ HkjriqjA
1722 jktLFkku ds fdl fdys ij lokZf/kd vke.k gq, gS ----------------------------------------------------------------- rkjkx<+A
1723 'ks[k futkeqhu vkSfy;ka fdl lwQh lEnk; ls lEcfU/kr Fks ------------------------------ fprh lEnk; lsA
1724 jkT; esa lokZf/kd uxjikfydk okyk ftyk gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------- >qa>quw12A
1725 jktLFkku ds ftl ftys esa lw;Z fdj.kksa dk frjNkiu lokZf/kd gksrk gS ]og gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Jh xaxkuxjA
1726 nksgk ,fk;kM esa ind kIr djus okyh jktLFkku dh ,dek= efgyk ,FkyhV dkSu gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ".kk iwfu;kaA
1727 jktLFkku esa fdl yksd nsork dh [;krh dchj dh rjg gqbZ ---------------------------------- ckck jkenso dhA
1728 jeu eSXlsls iqjLdkj ls lEekfur O;fDr ftUgsa tksgM+sokyk ckck o ckVj eSu vkWQ bf.M;k ds
uke ls tkuk tkrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- jktsUnz flagA
1729 jktLFkku esa R;kx Fkk dk fdl oxZ ds lekt ls Fkk ----------------------------------------------------------------- {ksf=;A
1730 jsx D;k gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ iFkjhyk e:LFkyA
1731 vkfn ojkg dh mikf/k ftl jktiwr 'kkld us /kkj.k dh] og gS ------------------------------------- fefgj HkkstA
1732 tkV oak dk 18 oha 'krkCnh ds e/; esa fdu Hkw&Hkkxksa ij vkf/kiR; Fkk ------------ Hkjriqj o /kksyiqjA
1733 og dkSulk [kfut iRFkj gS tks jktLFkku jkT; esa lokZf/kd fo; ewY; vftZr djrk gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- laxejejA
1734 e/;dkyhu jktLFkku ds fdl 'kkld dks vfHkuo Hkjrkpk;Z ds uke ls iqdkjk x;k gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ egkjk.kk dqaHkkA
1735 gEehj egkdkO; esa pkSgkuksa dks crk;k x;k gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- lw;ZoakhaA
1736 lkse&deyk&vEck flapkbZ ifj;kstuk fdl ftys esa fLFkr gS --------------------------------------------------- MwxjiqjA
1737 xjhc dh jksVh fdl Qly dks dgk tkrk gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Tokj dksA
1738 jktLFkku dk dkSulk 'kgj csy& cwaVksa dh NikbZ dh ikjEifjd dyk ds fy, tkuk tkrk gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- cx: t;iqj
1739 Mxjiqj tke.My dh LFkkiuk 1944 esa dh Fkh -------------------------------------------------- Hkksxhyky ik.M;k usA
1740 lcls iqjkuh o fodflr ugj O;oLFkk Hkkjr esa dkSulh gS -------------------------------------------------------- xaxugjA
1741 jkT; dh vf/kdkak lkaLfrd xfrfof/k;ka dgka lEiUu gksrh gS -------------------------- tokgj dyk dsUnzA
~Page-104~
1742 ykyx<+ egy dgka fLFkr gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- chdkusj esaA

1743 jktLFkku ds jsfxLrkuh Hkkx dks :{k {ks= fdlus dgk --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fl) tUrq oSKkfud MkW- bZoj dkk usA
1744 ikcwth dh ?kksM+h dk uke Fkk --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- dslj dkyehA
1745 tks/kiqj 'kSyh dk mn~Hko fdlds le; esa gqvk ---------------------------------------------------------------------- jko ekynsoA
1746 xk/kh lkxj ck/k cuk;k x;k gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ pkSjklhx< ds ikl eUnlkSj ftys e/;nsk dh Hkkuiqjk rglhy esaA
1747 xksxkth ds ?kksM+s dk jax dSlk Fkk --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- uhykA
1748 ftlds mRiknu esa jktLFkku dk Hkkjr esa yxHkx ,dkf/kdkj gS] og gS ---------------------- lhlk&tLrkA
1749 ywuh unh dh lgk;d ufn;ksa esa vjkoyh ioZrekyk ls ugha fudyus okyh unh gSa --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- tkstjhA
1750 tSlyesj esa 1550 bZ- esa ogka ds 'kkld yw.kdj.k ds le; v)Zkkdk gqvk ]D;ksafd blesa&------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ dslfj;k rks gqvk ysfdu tkSgj ugha gqvkA
1751 jktLFkku dk og ftyk ftlesa **tokbZ** ck/k fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------- ikyhA
1752 ckxM+ ds xk/kh fdl ftys ds jgus okys Fks ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Mwxjiqj dsA
1753 i'kq&if{k;ksa dks egko nsus okys *Ldwy vkWQ isfUVax* dk uke gS ---------------------------------------- cwnh 'kSyhA
1754 eRL; la?k dk kklu jktLFkku dks LFkkukUrfjr djus dk fu.kZ; fy;k x;k ------------ 1949 bZ- esaA
1755 fiNokbZ dykfr;ksa esa cus fp= m)r fd;s x;s gS ------------------------------ Hkxoku ".k ds thou ls A
1756 chdkusj ds jkBkSjka jh [;kr ds ys[kd Fks --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- n;kynklA
1757 pEcy ?kkVh ifj;kstuk ij fLFkr ck/k jktLFkku esa gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- tokgj lkxj o jk.kk rki lkxjA
1758 vjkoyh ioZr Ja[kyka dk fdrus frkr Hkkx jktLFkku esa fLFkr gS ------------------------------- 80 frkrA
1759 jktLFkku dks jktiwrkuk uke dc o fdlus fn;k Fkk ---- tkWtZ FkkWel@duZy VkWM us 1800 bZ- esaA
1760 dkadokM+h ioZr pksVh fLFkr gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vyoj esaA
1761 jktLFkku ds fl) loksZn;h usrk fl)jkt <k dh e`R;q gqbZ -------------------------------------- 9 ekpZ 2006A
1762 ,fk;k dh lcls cM+h nskh ?kh dh e.Mh dgka LFkkfir dh xbZ ----------------------------------------------- tks/kiqjA
1763 vjkoyh ioZr Ja[kyk fdl unh .kkyh }kjk chp esa ls foHkkftr gS -------------------- ywuh vkSj cuklA
1764 tSlyesj ftys dk dkSulk xko jsfxLrkuh lkj ds fy, tkuk tkrk gS -------------------------------- ukpukA
1765 jktLFkku dk jktdksV chdkusj ds yw.kdj.klj dks dgk tkrk gS D;ksafd&--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ;gka lokZf/kd ewxQyh mRikfnr gksrh gS A
1766 /kksad ouLifr ik;h tkrh gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- j.kFkEHkkSj jk"Vh; m|ku esaA
1767 ckMesj esa rsy dh [kqnkbZ djus okyh dEiuh gS --------------------------------------------------------- vks- ,u- th- lh- A
1768 lRlsu eS=s; iqjLdkj fdl {ks= ls lEcfU/kr gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- lk{kjrkA
1769 jEer D;k gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- u`R; ukV~;A
1770 fpkkSM+x< dk fdyk fdl iBkj ij fLFkr gS -------------------------------- eslk iBkj 620 ehVj apk iBkj
1771 jktLFkku jkT; ds rhljs fok vk;ksx ds v/;{k dkSu gSa ----------------------------------- ekf.kd pUn lqjk.kkA
1772 vaxj[kh dks xzkeh.k Hkk"kk esa dgk tkrk gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- cqdrjhA
1773 og lEnk; ftldk ewy ea= *Jh ".k 'kj.ke~ xe% * gS ----------------------------------------------------------- oYyHkA
1774 lw;Z eafnj jktLFkku esa dgka ij fLFkr gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vkesj esaA
1775 fdl 'kSyh esa pknh o eksrh;ksa dk ;ksx gqvk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------- <wa<kM+ 'kSyhA
~Page-105~
1776 vtesj esa fprh flyflys dh uhao j[kh xbZ mlls lEcfU/kr O;fDr Fks -------------- eksbuqhu fprhA
1777 jkT; esa lcls vf/kd xzke iapk;rsa fdl ftys esa gS ----------------------------------------------------------- t;iqj 488
1778 jkT; dh fu"Bqjrk rFkk tsy esa vU;k; ds f[kykQ gM+rky ds dkj.k ekjokM+ yksd ifj"kn ds
fdl usrk dh e`R;q 19 twu] 1942 dks gsk xbZ ------------------------------------------------------ cky eqdqUn fcLlkA
1779 jktLFkku dk lcls kphu laxfBr m|ksx gS -------------------------------------------------------------- lwrh oL= m|ksxA
1780 ckM+ksyh ds eafnj fdl eafnj 'kSyh ls lEcfU/kr gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ukxjA
1781 jktLFkku esa xkoksa dh la[;k fdruh gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 39]753
1782 jktLFkku ds ftl ftys dh lhek vUrjkZT;h; o vUrjkZ"Vh; nksuksa ls yxrh gS ------- Jh xaxkuxjA
1783 jkT; esa ;wusLdks }kjk *bdks flVh ifj;kstuk* pykus dh ?kks"k.kk dh xbZ gS -------------------- Hkjriqj esaA
1784 jkT; yksd lsok vk;ksx ds v/;{k o lnL;ksa dh fu;qfDr dkSu djrk gS -------------------------- jkT;ikyA
1785 vUr% okg {ks= jktLFkku ds ftl Hkkx esa gS ] og gS ------------------------------------------------- mkj& ifpehA
1786 i;ZVu dk lkekftd foKku esa egkoiw.kZ LFkku gS ]D;ksafd & --------- R;{k vuqHko LFkk;h gksrk gSA
1787 dkyk vkSj ckyk dk nsork rFkk f"k dk;ksZa dk midkjd nsork dgka tkrk gS ---------- ohj rstkthA
1788 'khrdky es aifpeh fo{kksHkksa ls gksus okyh o"kkZ dks dgrs gSa -------------------------------------------------------- ekoBA
1789 ihMek.V eSnku fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ nsox< ds lehiA
1790 iUukyky ck:iky fyV dSuky ls eq[kr% dkSuls ftyksa dks tykiwrhZ dh tk;sxh ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ chdkusj o ukxkSjA
1791 lokZf/kd ek=k esa 'kq"d& f"k vR;Urrk okys ftys gS ------------------------------------------ tSlyesj o ckM+esjA
1792 fdrus jtokM+ks ,oa jkT;ksa ds ,dhdj.k ls jktLFkku jkT; cuk ------------ 19 fj;klrsa ,oa 3 fBdkusA
1793 jktiwrkus esa fdl ujsk us loZFke dU;ko/k jksdus dk ;kl fd;k ------------------------------------ jkeflagA
1794 jktLFkku esa lokZf/kd ou {ks= gS ------------------------------------------------------------ mn;iqj o jktleUn ftyksa esaA
1795 Fkkjikjdj tkrh dgka ik;h tkrh gS -------------------------------------------------------- n- ifpehlheko`fr {ks=ksa esa
1796 ,sfrgkfld egRo ds 2744 iapekdZ flDds xqjkjk esa feys gS ] ;g fLFkr gS ------------ lhdj ftys esaA
1797 jk"Vh; dke/ksuq foofo/kky; dh LFkkiuk dgka dh tk jgh gS ----------------------- iFkesM+k xko& tkykSjA
1798 nsk dk ,dek= lkYV E;wft;e fLFkr gS --jkT; ds e`xou
--------------------------------------------------- lkaHkj&t;iqjA
fpkkSM+x< e`xou
fpkkSM+x< nqxZ
1799 jktLFkku ds fdl {ks= us "kd vkUnksyu
lTtux< e`xou
mn;iqj
kjEHk djus dh igy dh ---------------- esokM+A
ekfp;k lQkjh ikdZ
dk;ykuk >hy tks/kiqj
1800 dksVk ftys ds fdu nks vfHkys[kksa ls Kkr
gksrk gS fd ekS;ksZa dk jktLFkku ls lEcU/k
lat; m|ku
'kkgiqjk t;iqj
Fkk --------------------------------------------------------------------------iq"dj e`xou
vtesj
-- dUlo dksVk ,oa iwBksyh fpkkSM+x<+
vkksd fogkj e`xou
t;iqj
1801 Hkkjr dk lcls apk ck/k Hkk[kM+k ck/k
ve`rk nsoh e`xou
[kstM+yh tks/kiqj
dgka cuk;k x;k gS --------------------------------------------------- lrty unh ij gksfk;kjiqj ftys esaA
1802 dkyhcaxk lH;rk dks loZFke dkk esa ykus dk Js; fn;k tk ldrk gS ----- veykuUn ?kks"k dksA
1803 'ks[kkokVh dh Lo.kZ uxjh dgykrh gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- uoyx<+A
1804 uxykihB fdl lEnk; ls lEcfU/kr gS -------------------------------------------------------------------- ykynklh lEnk;A
1805 Hkhy tutkfr ds lkekftd fjoktksa o vFkZO;oLFkk ds fy, lokZf/kd ilan] ikfjfLFkfrdh;
bdksykWftdy ,oa ijEijkvksa okyk o`{k gS] og gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------- egqvkA
~Page-106~
1806 pEcy unh dk ty fdl unh o LFkku ij fey tkrk gS ------------------------- bVkok ftys esa ;equk esaA
1807 jktLFkku dk og ftyk ftlesa eqfLye vkcknh dk frkr lokZf/kd gS --------------- tSlyesj 23-64
1808 cM+ksiy xko ftlds fy, k;% tkuk tkrk gS] og gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lse HkwxHkhZ; ty dk mij ,df=r gskuk
1809 Hkwfj;ka ckck xkSersoj rhd gSa ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 'kkS;Z ds A
1810 jkT; ds fdl ftys dks *vUu dk dVksjk* dgk tkrk gS ------------------------------------------- Jh xaxkuxj dksA
1811 vjkoyh ioZr Ja[kyk ds eq[k njsZ gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- nslwjh o gkih
1812 jktLFkku esa fj;klrdky esa nf{k.k dk }kjx<+ fdls dgk tkrk Fkk ----------------------- /kksyiqj nqxZ dksA
1813 dkSuls ftys esa ekuo clkoV @ lajpuk dk ?kuRo vf/kdre gS -------------------------------------------- vtesjA
1814 jktLFkku esa nsk dk djhc 90 frkr ,lcslVkWl fdu ftyksa esa mRikfnr fd;k tkrk gS ] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ mn;iqj] Mwxjiqj] cklokM+k o vtesjA
1815 jktLFkku dh fl) CY;w ikWVjh dh nLrdkjh dk mn~Hko dgka ls gqvk Fkk -------------- ifkZ;k bZjku
1816 jktLFkku ds fdl uxj ds lEcU/k esa dgk tkrk gS fd dsoy iRFkj dh Vkaxsa gh vkidks ogk ys
tk ldrh gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- tSlyesjA
1817 dhfrZ LrEHk kfLr ds jpf;rk Fks ----------------------------------------------------------------------- vfHkdfo v=hiq= egskA
1818 jkT; Lrjh; ekuo vf/kdkj vk;ksx dh LFkkiuk ftu jkT;ksa }kjk dh xbZ gS ]og gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- jktLFkku o ifpeh caxkyA
1819 jktLFkku dh igyh jsy&cl dgka kjEHk dh xbZ -------------------------------------------------- esM+rk flVh&ukxkSjA
1820 jktLFkku esa R;sd o"kZ ds pS= ekl esa x.kxkSj iwtu mRlo fnol dh frfFk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 'kqDy i{k r`rh;kA
1821 ywuh unh dk ikuh dgka ls [kkjk gks tkrk gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ckyksrjk ls A
1822 HkkseB gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- esokM+ esa Hkhy vkcknh okyk {ks=A
1823 jktLFkku esa dkfkr loZFke lkIrkfgd lekpkj&i= Fkk ---------------------------- lTtu dhfrZ lq/kkdjA
1824 ftl unh dk ty fdlh [kqys egklkxj esa unha igqprk] og gS --------------------------------------------- dkVyhA
1825 jktLFkku fnol euk;k tkrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 30 ekpZ dksA
1826 fctksfy;k fdlku vkUnksyu ls dkSu tqM+s gq, Fks ------------ jkeukjk;.k pkS/kjh ,oa fot;flag ifFkdA
1827 jktLFkku esa Hkwjh feV~Vh dk lkj {ks= fdl unh dk okg {ks-= ekuk tkrk gS ----------------------cuklA
1828 jkT; ds fdl ftys esa xkoksa dh la[;k lokZf/kd gS --------------------------------------------------------- Jhxaxkuxj esA
1829 'kcs dnz euk;k tkrk gS -------- jetku ekg dh 27 oha rkjh[k dks bl fnu dqjku mrkjk x;k Fkk
1830 rktegy esa dgka dk laxejej yxk gqvk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------- edjkuk ukxkSj
1831 foo >hy lEesyu 2009 vk;ksftr gksxk ---------------------------------------------------- owgj&>hyksa dh jkuh phu
1832 jktLFkku dk n; vtesj esa lwQh lar [oktk xjhc uokt dh njxkg esa foLQksV dc gqvk --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 vDVwcj 2007A
1833 xk/kh lkxj ck/k dkSulh unh ij gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- pEcy A
1834 vkfFkZd fiNM+k vk;ksx dk xBu fd;k x;k -------------------------------------------------------- 17 flrEcj 2007 dksA
1835 jktLFkku jkT; dk igyk Likbl ikdZ dgka LFkkfir fd;k tk;sxk -------------------------------------- dksVk esaA
1836 1567&68 esa fpkkSM+ ds eqxy ?ksjs ds nkSjku nks jktiwr lkearksa us nqxZ dh j{kk djrs gq, k.k
R;kx fn;s ]muds uke gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- t;ey] QkkA
1837 jkx dYinzqe ds jpf;rk gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ".kkuUn O;klA
1838 xksoZ/ku ioZr dh iwtk fdlus djokbZ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ".k usA
~Page-107~
1839 esokM+ ds nfrgkl esa fdl lsfodk us jktdqekj dks cpkus ds fy, vius cPps dh dqckZuh ns nh ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- iUuk/kk;A
1840 10 oha o 15 oha 'krkCnh rd jktLFkku esa pfyr fp=dyk 'kSyh Fkh --------------------------------- vtUrkA
1841 tSlyesjh 'kSyh dk dkSulk eq[k fp= tSlyesj ds jkt lknksa dh eq[k 'kksHkk Fkk ----------- eweyA
1842 jktLFkku dk og nsork ftlus egewn xtuoh ls ;q) fd;k -------------------------------------------------- xksxkthA
1843 iq"; gosyh fLFkr gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- tks/kiqj esaA
1844 1527 bZ- esa egkjk.kk lkaxk ,oa ckcj ds e/; [kkuok dk ;q) fdl ftys esa gqvk ------------- HkjriqjA
1845 jktLFkku esa vuqlwfpr tutkfr dh tula[;k dk frkr gS --------------------------------------- 12-6 frkrA
1846 kphu ,oa fofk"V tkfr;ksa ds o`{kksa dh igpku lqjf{kr djus ds ms; ls fdl iqjLdkj dh
LFkkiuk dh xbZ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- egko`{k iqjLdkjA
1847 xk; dh loZJs"B uLy dkSulh gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- jkBhA
1848 jktLFkku ds fdl Hkw&Hkkx dks fxjok dgk tkrk gS --------------------- mn;iqj ds vklikl ds {ks= dksA
1849 rxM+h iguh tkrh gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- dej esaA
1850 jktLFkku dh dqcM+ih dgka gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ukxkSj&vtesjA
1851 cklokM+k vkSj dksVk ds vfrfjDr fdl vU; 'kgj esa Vlj fodkl dk;Ze py jgk gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- tks/kiqjA
1852 jktLFkku esa Hkwfe dh moZjrk c<+kus ds fy, dkSulh Qly mxkbZ tkrh gS ----------------------------- mM+nA
1853 lR;Su eS=s; iqjLdkj 2006 fdls fn;k x;k ----------------------------------------------------------- guqekux<+ ftys dksA
1854 vkdka{kk ikyhoky jktLFkku dh cky u`R;kaxuk gS ] og fdl ftys ls lEcfU/kr gS ---- jktleUnA
1855 u`R; ukVd *lwjnkl ,oa 'kadfj;k* fdl isksoj tkfr ls lEcU/k j[krs gS ---------------------------- HkokbZ A
1856 lgdkjh 'khr Hk.Mkj okys ftys gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- t;iqj o vyojA
1857 lqugjh dksBh gosyh fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Vksa d esaA
1858 tkokj [kku lhlk&atLrk fdl ftys esa gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------- mn;qij esa A
~Page-108~
jktLFkku ds eafnj
lkl cgq dk eafnj
Ukxnk&mn;iqj
vkcwukFk eafnj
mn;iqj
,dfyaxth dk eafnj
mn;iqj
czkth o lkfo=h dk eafnj
iq"dj vtesj
ehajkckbZ]dkydkekrk]vEckekrk]xksersoj
fpkkSMx<
Jh ukFkth ukFk}kjk] }kjdk/khk dkadjksyh
jktlean
pkjHkqtk eafnj xMcksj
jktlean
Hkkoyekrk dk Eafnj
esM+rkflVh&ukxkSj
lkr lgsyh dk eafnj
>kykokM+
cqM~<k tksgM+ xq:}kjk
xaxkuxj
jko.k dk eafnj
tks/kiqj
/kksyh lrh dk eafnj
Qrsgiqj&lhdj
ckM+ksyh dk fko eafnj
fpkkSMx<
rSarhl djksM+ nsoh nsorkvksa dk eafnj
eaMksj&tks/kiqj
eLrkuk ckck dh njxkg o [kqnkcDk ckck dh

njxkg
ikyh
nf/k ekrk eafnj
ukxkSj
ewNkyk egkohj dk eafnj
Ikkyh
pkj pkS;k dk xqQk eafnj
dksVk
dqat fcgkjh dk eafnj
tks/kiqj
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
udVh ekrk dk eafnj

t;iqj
og dkSulh f;k gS ftlls ifpeh jktLFkku dh fefV~V;ka vEyh; rFkk {kkjh; cu tkrh gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- uhps ls mij dh vksj dksfkkdvksa dk fjlkoA
og fdyk ftlesa ,d tSls ukS egy gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ukgjx<+ dk fdykA
vkfnoklh yksxksa esa tkx`fr iSnk djus ds fy, xksfoIn xq: fdl ftys ls lEcfU/kr gS - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MqxjiqjA
jktLFkku jkT; esa lkfnd vyh lfefr dk lEcU/k jgk gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- iapk;rh jkt O;oLFkk ds v/;;u lsA
dk"B thoke m|ku lEcfU/kr gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vkdy &tSlyesajA
jk"Vh; vk;qosZn laLFkku tgka fLFkr gS ]og gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- t;iqjA
jkT; esa dkSulh u`R;dyk mkj Hkkjr ls gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- dRFkdA
jktLFkku esa lQsn lhesUV dk dkj[kkuk gS -------------------------------------------------------------------- xksVu & ukxkSjA
jktLFkku esa VkbZxj ds laj{k.k gsrw cus jk"Vh; ikdZ gS ---------------------------------- lfjLdk ,oa j.kHkEHkkSjA
vk;M+ unh dk uke mn;lkxj ds ckn gks tkrk gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------- csM+pA
~Page-109~
1869 fdkux<+ fj;klr ds iwoZ egkjktk ,oa egku dykdkj lkoarflag dh 350 oha t;arh dc eukbZ
xbZ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 tuojh 2005 dksA
1870 vaxzstksa ds le; esa jktLFkku dks fdl uke ls tkuk tkrk Fkk --------------------------------------- jktiwrkukA
1871 jktLFkku dh igyh efgyk foeku pkyd gS ---------------------------------------------------- ik:y 'ks[kkor t;iqj
1872 jktLFkku nsk ds dkSuls Hkkx esa fLFkr gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- mkj&ifpeA
1873 Lora=rk lsukuh ,oa 'kghn lkxjey xksik dgka ds fuoklh Fks ---------------------------------------- tSlyesj dsA
1874 Lokeh n;kuUn ljLorh us fdl egy esa minsk fn;k Fkk ------------------ jkbdk ckx iSysl tks/kiqj
1875 vkfnokfl;ksa dk dqEHk os.ksoj esyk vk;ksftr fd;k tkrk gS ---------------------------------------------- Mqxjiqj esaA
1876 Hkjriqj laHkkx esa lfEefyr ftyk lokbZek/kksiqj igys fdl lEHkkx esa Fkk ------------------------------- dksVkA
1877 e`nqyk xxZ gS ----------------------------------------------------------------- fgUnh dh [;kr ysf[kdk miU;kl daB xqykc
1878 nsosk dkfj;k &vtesj fuoklh dk lEcU/k fdl [ksy ls gS --------------------------------------- Vscy Vsful lsA
1879 Jaxkj paojh eafnj fLFkr gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- fpkkSM+x< nqxZ esaA
1880 jktLFkku dk lcls de vkcknh okyk tuin gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------- tSlyesjA
1881 nsk dk igyk weu ,ukVkWeZ ikdZ dk fuekZ.k dgka fd;k tk jgk gS ------------------------------ mn;qij esaA
1882 jkT; dk igyk laLr foofo/kky; dgka LFkkfir fd;k x;k gS --------------------- enk xko&t;iqjA
1883 fl) jktiwr ohj cIik jkoy dk dky D;k Fkk ---------------------------------------------------------- vkBoha 'krkCnhA
1884 pEcy ?kkVh esa pEcy lfgr iwoZ ls ifpe fnkk esa pkj unh;ksa dk lgh e gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ikoZrh] dkyhfla/k] pEcy] cuklA
1885 jktLFkku flfoy lsok kf/kdj.k fLFkr gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- t;iqj esaA
1886 lgdkjh ra= esa lapkfyr 'kDdj dk dkj[kkuk gS ------------------------------------------------------ dskksjk;ikVu esaA
1887 lkSj tkZ mie fdu ftyksa ls lEcfU/kr gS ---------------------------------------- tks/kiqj] ckMesj o tSlyesjA
1888 jkWd QkWLQsV jktLFkku ds fdu ftyksa esa ik;k tkrk gS ----------------- cklokM+k] tSlyesj o mn;iqjA
1889 jk.kk rkilkxj iu fo/kqr x`g LFkkfir gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- jkorHkkVk esaA
1890 vEckorh fdls dgk tkrk gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vkesj dksA
1891 Hkkjr dh lcls kphu ofyr ioZr Ja[kyk gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- vjkoyhA
1892 jktLFkku esa oYyHk lEnk; dk /kkfeZd LFky gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------- ukFk}kjkA
1893 Fkkj egksRlo Qjojh 2007 esa dgka vk;ksftr fd;k x;k ------------------------------------------------------- ckMesj esaA
1894 nsk dk Fke lh&kSy E;wft;e gS -------------------------- ,fyl xxZ uskuy lh&kSy E;wft;e& t;iqjA
1895 tSu iSDV dEiuh ds lg;ksx ls ;qokvksa dks jkstxkj volj nku djus gsrw & *ukSyst lsUVj*
dgka kjEHk fd;k x;k gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- egkjkuh dkWyst t;iqj
1896 jktLFkku es Mkdfu;k Fkk ij jksd loZFke dgka yxkb xbZ ------------------------------------------------- mn;iqjA
1897 e.Mu }kjk jfpr okLrqdyk ds fy, ftl xzaFk esa ewfrZdyk dh tkudkjh feyrh gS ]og gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ okLrqlkj e.MuA
1898 <ksyk ek: o cktcgknqj fdl 'kSyh ds eq[k fp= gS ----------------------------------------------- tks/kiqj 'kSyh dsA
1899 ikojiSd ;kstuk lEcfU/kr gS ----------------------------- nwjLFk xzkeh.k bykdksa esa lkSj tkZ ls fo|qrhdj.kA
1900 jktLFkku esa vesjhdu dikl dk mRiknu fdl ftys esa gksrk gS --------------------------------------- guqekux<+A
1901 HkokbZ u`R; dh u`R;kaXuk ftUgsa u`R; Jh dh mik/kh ls uoktk x;k gS ------------------------- vuqJh xks;yA
1902 ,fk;k dh lcls cM+h gkbZVsd Qy&lCth e.Mh VehZuy ekdsZV dgka LFkkfir fd;k tk jgk gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------eqgkuk xko&lkaxkusj t;iqj
1903 rrjhuqek csflu esa clk gqvk uxj gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- mn;qijA
~Page-110~
1904 jktLFkku esa iksFkh?kj v/;;u dsUnz fdl nsk dh lgk;rk ls [kksys tkus dh ?kks"k.kk dh xbZ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- teZuhA
1905 os fprh lar dkSu Fks ftuds fr 'kgkcqhu xkSjh cgqr vuqdqy Fkk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ [oktk eksbuqhu fprhA
1906 ckMesj esa rsy dh [kqnkbZ djus okyh dEiuh gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ONGC
Hkksxksfyd miuke
1907 lseQsDl ;kstuk ykxq dh xbZ gS ------------------------------- jktLFkku dh FkeksZiksyh
gYnh?kkVh
------------------------------------------------- vkj- ,Q- lh- }kjkA
jktLFkku dk [ktqjkgks
fdjkMw
1908 jktLFkku esa jktiwrkuk efgyk ukxfjd lgdkjh
cSad us fdl 'kgj o frfFk ls dk;Z kjEHk fd;k
jktLFkku dk oSYykSj
HkSaljksMx<
gS------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------jktLFkku dk dehj
mn;iqj
----------------------------- t;iqj esa 30 vxLr 1995 dksA
mn;iqj
1909 vjkoyh ioZrekyk dk vf/kadkak Hkkx fLFkr gS --- iwoZ dk osful
------------------------------------------------------------------- mn;iqj esaA
t;iqj
xqykch uxj ;k iwoZ dk
1910 ijeskpUnz desVh dk lEcU/k gS ----------- rkix<
isfjl
dks jkT; dk 33 okaa ftyk cukus ls lEcfU/kr A
jktLFkku dk xkSjo
fpkkSM+x<+
1911 :ik;ku laLFkku ckS:ank tks/kiqj dk eq[; dk;Z
gS ----------------------------------------------- jktLFkkuh dyk dk
igkM+ksa dh uxjh
Mqaxjiqj
1912 gcZy ikdZ dgka LFkkfir fd;k x;k gS --------------------- lw;Z uxjh
tks/kiqj
---------------------------------------------------------------------------- dksVkA
oL= uxjh
HkhyokM+k
1913 ohjckyk dkyhckbZ efgyk lk{kjrk mUu;u
iqjLdkj 2006 fdls nku fd;k x;k gS ----------------- fk{kk uxjh
dksVk
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ty egyks dh uxjh
Mhx
------------------------------------- Jherh ccyh vk;Z Hkjriqj
mn;iqj
1914 tks unh jktLFkku esa nf{k.k esa osk djds ifpe >hyksa dh uxjh
esa okfgr gksdj iqu% nf{k.k dh vksj eqM+ tkrh gS jktLFkku dk n;
vtesj
]og gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------jktLFkku dk osk}kj
Hkjriqj
--------------------------------------------------------------- ekgh
1915 *cq) dkk* dh mik/kh fdls kIr Fkh --------------------- jktLFkku dk flag }kj
vyoj
---------------------------------- pkn [kk fr& Loj lkxj
'ks[kkokVh dk n;LFky
lhdj
1916 iwoZ esa tc ?kX?kj unh ck<+ ds mQku esa gksrh Fkh
] tks dgka rd igqp tkrh Fkh ----------------------------------- xzsukbV 'kgj
tkykSj
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------jktLFkku dk fkeyk
ekm.V vkcw
----------------------------- tyokM+k >hy@ vCckl QksVZ
lkS }hiksa dk 'kgj
cklokM+k
1917 [oktk eksbuqhu fprh dk edcjk fdlus
cuok;k ------------------------------------------------------------ckofM+;ksa dk 'kgj
cwnh
X;klqhu usA
1918 x<chByh nqxZ gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- rkjkx<+ vtesj
1919 loZFke jktdh; cl lsok fdl ftys ls kjEHk dh xbZ --------------------------------------------------------------- VksadA
1920 dfczLrku esa iapk;r iqLrd fdldh fr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------ dsnkjukFk flag A
1921 [kqkcwnkj mit ds mRiknu ds fy, ukxkSj fl) gS ] og gS ----------------------------------------- eSFkh f"k
1922 jktLFkku esa oL= m|ksx ds fy, ekgwj uxj gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------- HkhyokM+kA
1923 ohj Hkkjr lekt dh LFkkiuk fdlus dh Fkh ----------------------------------------------------------- fot;flag ifFkad usA
~Page-111~
1924 tlukFkh lEnk; dh mRifk dgka gqbZ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- chdkusj esaA

1925 ykBh Ja[kyk D;k gS ----------------------------------- HkwxHkhZ tyih tSlyesj esa fLFkr lso.k ?kkl ds eSnku
1926 lwpuk dk vf/kdkj vf/kfu;e dk ms; gS ---------- lkoZtfud vf/kdkfj;ksa ls lwpuk kIr dkus dh
igqpA
1927 jktLFkku esa loZFke lu~ 1964 esa ouLifr ?kh m|ksx dgka LFkkfir fd;k x;k -------- HkhyokM+k esaA
1928 ?kwersoj egknso eafnj fkokM+ esa Hkxoku fko dk 12 ok o vafre T;ksfryax vofLFkr ekuk
tkrk gS ]fkokM+ fdl ftys esa fLFkr gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lokbZ ek/kksiqj
esaA
1929 dfork ijkkj Hkjriqj fuoklh ftUgsa o"kZ 2004 dk egkjk.kk rki iqjLdkj nku fd;k x;k] fdl
[ksy ls lEcfU/kr gS ---------------------------------------- dqrhA
1930 *ftk bf.M;k] ikfVZku] b.Mhis.Msl iqLrd ds ys[kd tloar flag dk iSr`d xko gS ----------------------------------------------------------- clksy&ckyksrjk ckMesj
1931 jkT; esa lcls vf/kd iapk;r lfefr;ka fLFkr gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------- vyoj esaA
1932 vkcw ioZr J[kyka esa fLFkr vpyx< dh fdruh apkbZ gS -------------------------------------------------- 1380
ehVjA
1933 jktLFkku ds jkT; [ksy ckLdsVcky dks jkT; [ksy dk ntkZ dc fn;k x;k ------------------- 1948 esaA
1934 1900 bZ- ds phu ;q) esa Hkkx ysus ds fy, fdls phu ind nku fd;k x;k Fkk ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- egkjktk xaxkflagA
1935 vkgM+ dk kphu uke Fkk -------------- rkezorh uxjhA
1936 pj.k lkfgR; ls lEcfU/kr gS&MkW- ,y- VSLlhVksjhA
1937 fgaxykt ekrk dk eafnj ] ftlesa lezkV vdcj us Hkh iwtu fd;k ] dgk fLFkr gS -------- tSlyesj
ls 15 fdehnwj yksnzok LFkku ijA
1938 esokM+ dh ladVdkyhu jkt/kkuh Fkh -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- pko.MA
1939 tkEHkksth us 1485 esa lEHkjkFky chdkusj esa fouksbZ er dk orZu fd;kA bl lEnk; ds
vuq;k;h fdrus fu;eksa dh vuqikyuk djrs gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 29
1940 jktLFkku esa tyok iwtu fd;k tkrk gS -------------------------------------- cPps ds tUe ds dqN fnu ipkr~A
1941 jktLFkku esa eh.kk o Hkhy ds ipkr r`rh; lcls cM+h tutkfr gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- xjkfl;kA
1942 ijeky gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HkSaljksMx<+A
1943 fl) Lora=rk lsukuh xksihyky ;kno dk lEcU/k Fkk -------------------------------------------------------- Hkjriqj lsA
1944 rkjkx< fdys dk lcls apk Hkkx D;k dgykrk gS ---------------------------------------- ehjka lkgc dh njxkgA
1945 dsUnzh; vUos"k.k C;wjks CBI dh rjg jkT; esa dkSulk laxBu gS ----------- Hkz"Vkpkj fujks/kd foHkkxA
1946 'osr kafr ds tud gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oxhZt dwfj;uA
1947 dsoyknso ?kuk i{kh fogkj dks jk"Vh; m|ku dc ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k ------------------------------------ 1981 esaA
1948 foo ds Fke gksE;ksisfFkd foofo|ky; dh LFkkiuk dh tk;sxh ----------------------------------- jktLFkku esaA
1949 jktLFkku ijek.kq fo/kqr xzg RAAP fdlds }kjk lapkfyr gS -------------------- ukfHkdh; tkZ fuxeA
1950 jktLFkku esa ckM+ksyh dk eafnj fdl LFkku ij fLFkr gS -------------------------------------------------------- HkSaljksMx<A
1951 t;iqj ]Vksad] cwnh] dksVk rFkk >kykokM+ ls gksdj xqtjus okyk jk"Vh; jktekxZ gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ,u- ,p & 12
1952 xkaxs; lwal Lruik;h fdl vH;kj.; dh fofk"V igpku gS ------------------- pEcy ?kfM+;ky vH;kj.;A
1953 jktLFkku esa fdrus vk[ksV fu"ks/k {ks= ?kksf"kr fd;s tk pqds gS-------------------------------------------------------------- 33
~Page-112~
1954 jktLFkku esa thou/kkjk ;kstuk dk lEcU/k gS --------------------------------------------- flapkbZ dqvksa ds fuekZ.k lsA
1955 jktLFkku ds fdl LFkku ls xqIrdkyhu lksus ds 48 flDds kIr gq, gS --------------------------------- vgsM+kA
1956 ekgh csflu esa rkix<+ vkSj cklokM+k ds chp NIiu unh ukyksa dk okg {ks= dgykrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ NIiu dk eSnkuA
1957 es: uke ls fdl nsk dks tkuk tkrk gS ---------------------------------------------------------- vjkoyh ioZrh; nskA
1958 jktLFkku lkfgR; vdkneh mn;qij }kjk fn;k tkus okyk loksZPp iqjLdkj gS ------------------------ ehjkA
1959 Jh pj.knkl th us fdrus xzaFkksa dh jpuk dh ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14
1960 jktLFkku dk dehj dgk tkrk gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ mn;qij dksA
1961 uxkM+sa dk tknwxj fdls ekuk tkrk gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- jkefdku thA
1962 fdl fnkk esa vjkoyh Jsf.k;ksa dh pkSM+kbZ c<rh tkrh gS --------------- mkj& iwoZ ls nf{k.k& ifpeA
1963 jktLFkku esa nfyr oxksZa ds mRFkku ds fy, vko;d gS ------------------------- fo|eku fo|kuksa dk Hkkoh
oZruA
1964 jktLFkku esa esokr {ks= esa dkSuls ftys 'kkfey gS ----------------------------------------------------- vyoj o HkjriqjA
1965 jktLFkku dh lhek ls yxus okyk ikfdLrku dk lcls cM+k ftyk gS ----------------------------- cgkoyiqjA
1966 bafnjk xk/kh ugj ifj;sktuk dk miuke gS --------------------------------------------------------- jktLFkku dh e:xaxkA
1967 bafnjk xk/kh ugj ds ;kstukdkj Fks-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- doj lsuA
1968 jktLFkku ugj dk ifjofrZr uke gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- bafnjk xk/kh ugjA
1969 btjkby ds vuqHko ds vk/kkj ij jktLFkku esa tks yksdf; flapkbZ .kkyh ;ksx esa ykbZ tk jgh
gS ] og gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- cwn&cwn Viduk flapkbZ .kkyhA
1970 f=us= x.ksk th dk efUnj rFkk tksxh egy fLFkr gS --------------------------- j.kFkEHkkSj jk"Vh; m|ku esaA
1971 jktLFkku esa lkEnkf;d ln~Hkko dk lcls cM+k esyk dkSulk gS ------------- ckck jkensoth dk esykA
1972 bZLVj dk ioZ fdlds iqutZUe ds miy{; esa euk;k tkrk gS -------------------------------------------- bZlk elhgA
1973 jktLFkku dk og fdyk ftls /kkjk/kkjx< Hkh dgk tkrk gS ---------------------------------------- pkSew dk fdykA
1974 jktLFkku esa xqIr ujskkas dh lcls cM+h fuf/k ftlesa 1982 Lo.kZ flDds Fks] dgka feyh gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- c;kuk& HkjriqjA
1975 HkfDr vkUnksyu dks jktLFkku esa QSykus okys Fks -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- nknwA
1976 lqo.kZfxjh fdl fdys dks dgrs gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- tkykSj dk fdykA
1977 gLrfkYi dkxt jk"Vh; laLFkku dh LFkkiuk dgka dh xbZ gS ------------------------------------------- lkaxkusj esaA
1978 jk.kk jruflag dh jkuh in~feuh dk xksjk ,oa ckny ls ek% D;k fjrk Fkk ---- pkpk vkSj HkkbZ A
1979 jkxekyk dk fp=dkj dkSu Fkk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ul:huA
1980 27 ebZ 1919* dks tUeh t;iqj dh iwoZ jktekrk dk fuokl LFky Fkk ------------ ----------------- fyfyiwyA
1981 jktekrk xk;=h nsoh dk fu/ku dc gqvk --------------------------------------------------------------- 29 tqykbZ 2009 dksA
1982 vkWijsku tscjk dk lEcU/k fdl jkT; ls Fkk --------------------------------------------------------------------------- jktLFkkuA
1983 fVcjsoky tkap vk;ksx dk lEcU/k gS ----------------------------------------- 1990 esa gq, t;iqj naxsa dh tkap lsA
1984 vkWijsku 'kks/k ifj;kstuk dk eq[; ms; D;k gS --------------------------- cwn&cwn ty dk mi;ksx djukA
1985 jktLFkku esa *[kM+hu f"k* fdl {ks= esa gksrh gS ------------------------------------------ ifpeh Hkkx esaA
1986 jktLFkkuh o/kq ds fp= ds lkFk dc Mkd fVdV tkjh fd;k x;k ------------------- 7 Qjojh 1983 dksA
1987 jktLFkku ds fdl u`R; ij 30 vSy 1991 esa dsUnzh; Mkd fVdV tkjh fd;k x;k --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- xjkfl;k u`R; ijA
~Page-113~
1988 egkdfo lw;ZeYy feJ.k ds ukefp= ds lkFk dc Mkd fVdV tkjh fd;k x;k ----- 19 vDVwcj
1990 dksA
1989 jktLFkku ds fdl ftys esa [kqnkbZ djrs gq, rhu i;ZVd fxjrkj fd;s x;s Fks --------- tSlyesjA
1990 jktLFkku esa og dkSuls O;fDr gS] tks rhu ckj eq[;ea=h gq, gSW -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- gfjnso tkskh o HkSajksflag 'ks[kkor usA
1991 vkWijsku lpZ ls lEcU/k gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- rLdjh gokykA
1992 jktLFkku dk vjkoyh vokMZ fdlls lEcfU/kr gS ------------------------------------------------------------ [ksy txr lsA
1993 chlyiqj ck/k fdl unha ij cuk gqvk gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- cukl unh ijA
1994 eso fdls dgrs gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- lEnk; dksA
1995 1947 esa vyoj ds /kkuea=h dkSu Fks ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- MkW- oh- ,u- [kjsA
1996 vf[ky Hkkjrh; nskh jkT; yksd ifj"kn~ lEesyu 1949 esa dgka vk;ksftr fd;k x;k &mn;iqj esaA
1997 fdl fj;klr dks dsUnz ljdkj }kjk dsUnzkkflr nsk ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k Fkk -------------- vtesj dksA
1998 gky gh esa 29 vxLr 2009 vtqZu iqjLdkj kIr djus okys jktLFkku ds f[kykM+h lrhl tkskh
dk lEcU/k fdl [ksy ls gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- jksbZax ukSdk;u lsA
1999 ukxk.kk fLFkr eaxyk kslsflax VfeZuy dh 'kq:vkr dc dh xbZ ----------------- 29 vxLr 2009 dksA
2000 ds;uZ ,uthZ o vks- ,u- th- lh rsy dEiuh dk bl ;kstuk esa lk>k gS -------------------- 70 % 30 dkA
2001 gky gh esa pfpZr chekjh Lokbu yw D;k gS ------------------------- ;g ,d 'olu jksx gS tks fd ok;jl
,p 1 ,u 1 ds dkj.k gksrk gS A
2002 jktLFkku dh ,FkfyV d`".kk iwfu;k dks vtqZu iqjLdkj nku fd;k x;k --------- 29 vxLr 2010
dksA
2003 ,FkfyV d`".kk iwfu;k dh miyfC/k;ka&
2006 esa nksgk ,fk;kbZ [ksyksa esa dkaL; indA
2010 Hkkjr esa gqbZ ,fk;u xkza h ,FkysfVDl esa rhu Lo.kZ indA
fo'o esa d`".kk iwfu;k 9 oha jsfdax gS A
2004 *'kq) ds fy, ;q)* vfHk;ku ds rgr *py ;ksxkkyk* ;kstuk dk 'kqHkkjEHk fd;k x;k --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19 vSy 2010 dksA
2005 jkT; ds ,sls jkT;iky ftudk in ij jgrs gq, fu/ku gqvk&
njckjk flag jkT;iky 1 ebZ 1998
fueZy pUn tSuA
,l- ds- flagA
MkW- izHkk jkoA
Composed & Written By:
Mohammed Islam
(M.C.A, B.Ed.)
Computer Instructor-AUR
Career Maker Institute Achrol

Director - Arun Sharma
(M.C.A)
E-mail: digitals2005@yahoo.com
Contact No-9828364309
uksV% izu la[;k 2006 ls 5000 rd cgqoSdfYid izuksa o vfry?kqkjkRed izuksa ds fy, laLFkku esa
lEidZ djsaA
~Page-114~
jktLFkku dk bfrgkl ,oa lkekU; rF;

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jktLFkku jkT; dk orZeku Lo:Ik ftl frfFk ls gSa\

fdruh fj;kLrksa ,oa fBdkuksa ds ,dhdj.k ls jktLFkku jkT; dk fuekZ.k
gqqvk\
25 ekpZ] 1948 dks la;qDr jktLFkku esa ftl fj;klr dk foy; gqvk] og
Fkh\
eRL; la?k dk iz'kklu] jktLFkku dks LFkkukUrfjr djus dk fu.kZ; fy;k
x;k\
jktiwrkuk ds HkkSxksfyd {ks=Qy dks jktLFkku uke fn;k x;k
jktLFkku fuekZ.k dh izf;k dc gqbZ\
eRL; la?k dk jktLFkku esa dc foy; fd;k x;k\
o`gn~ jktLFkku ds &egkjktk izeq[k* dkSu fu;qDr fd;s x;s\
o`gn~ jktLFkku ds iz/kkuea=h Fks\
fdls *jktLFkku dk xk/kh* dgk tkrk gSa\
1930 ds n'kd esa Hkjriqj esa jktuSfrd tkx`fr dk Js; fdldks tkrk gSa\
vaxzst jktiwr jkT;ksa esa 1857 ds fonzksg dks nckus esa lQy js] bldk lgh
dkj.k Fkk
13
*ohj Hkkjr lekt* dh LFkkiuk fdlus dh\
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fctksfy;k fdlku vkUnksyu ds iz.ksrk Fks

dkuiqj ls izdkf'kr fdl lekpkj i= ds ek/;e ls fot;flag ifFkd us
fctksfy;k vkanksyu dks lewps Hkkjr esa ppkZ dk fo"k; cuk fn;k\
jktiwrkuk ds fdl ?kjkus us iztke.My dks laj{k.k ns j[kk Fkk\
Hkhyksa us ekrhyky rstkor ds usr`Ro esa dkSulk vkanksyu izkjEHk fd;k]
ftldk izeq[k ms'; Hkkjh yxku vkSj csxkj ls Hkhy d`"kdksa dks eq
djokuk Fkk\
*ckaxM+ ds xk/kh* fdl ftys ds jgus okys Fksa\
jktLFkku esa izdkf'kr loZizFke lkIrkfgd lekpkj i= Fkk
esokM+ iztkeaMy dh LFkkiuk fdlds }kjk dh xbZ\
tks/kiqj uxj dh LFkkiuk dc gqbZ\
1527 bZ- esa egkjk.kk lkaxk ,oa ckcj ds e/; [kkuok dk ;q) fdl ftys
esa gqvk\
o/kkZ esa jktLFkku lsok la?k dh LFkkiuk dc dh xbZ\
vaxzstksa ls laf/k djus okyk jktLFkku dk izFke jkT; Fkk\
1857 esa vkmok esa fdl fczfV'k iksfyfVdy ,tsaV dh gR;k dh xbZ\
,dh vkUnksyu fdl LFkku ls izkjEHk gqvk\
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~Page-115~
& 1 uoEcj 1956

& 19 fj;klrsa ,oa 3
fBdkusa
& izrkix<+ dqy 9
fj;klrsa
& 1949 esa
& 26 tuojh 1950
& 1 uoEcj 1956
& 15 ebZ 1949 dks
& egkjk.kk Hkksiky flag
& ghjkyky 'kkL=h
& xksdqyHkkbZ Hk dks
& ;qxy fd'kksj prqosZnh dks
& LFkkfu; 'kkldksa }kjk
kafrdkfj;ksa dk lkFk ugha
nsukA
& fot; flag ifFkd ,oa
xksikyfalag [kjok
& lk/kq flrkjke nkl
& izrki
& t;iqj+@>kykokM+
& ,dh vkUnksyu
& Mwaxjiqj
& lTtu dhfrZ lq/kkdj
& ekf.kD;yky oekZ
& 1459 bZ- esa
& Hkjriqj
& 1919
& dksVk
& dSIVu eksad eslu
& ekr`dqf.M;k
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jkT; dh fu"Bqjrk rFkk tsy ea vU;k; ds f[kykQ Hkw[k gM+rky ds dkj.k

ekjokM+ yksd ifj"kn~ ds fdl usrk dh e`R;q 19 twu] 1942 gks xbZ\
fdldh v/;{krk esa 'ks[kkokVh fdlku vkUnksyu esa 10]000 ls vf/kd tkV
efgykvksa us dVjkFky esa 25 vizsy] 1934 dks Hkkx fy;k\
og O;f] ftlds ifjokj ds lHkh lnL;ksa usa jktLFkku esa Lora=rk
vkUnksyu gsrq vius thou dks U;kSNkoj dj fn;k
jktLFkku ds fdl {ks= us d`"kd vkUnksyu izkjEHk djus esa igy dh\
Lora=k lsukuh ,oa 'kghn lkxjey xksik dgka ds fuoklh Fks\
dksVk ds fdu nks vfHkys[kksa ls Kkr gksrk gS fd ekS;ksZa dk jktLFkku ls
lEcU/k Fkk\
lkroha 'krkCnh ds iq";Hkwfr oa'k ds jktk g"kZo)Zu ds ckjs esa tkudkjh
fdlxzaFk ls feyrh gSa\
tuJqfr ds vuqlkj vkcw ioZr ij ;K dqaM ls fdl oa'k dh mRifk gqbZ
ekuh tkrh gSa\
jktiwrkuk ds fdl LFkku ij vykmhu f[kyth dks dBksj la?k"kZ djuk
iM+k\
jk.kk jru flag dh jkuh infeuh dk xksjk oa ckny ls e'k% D;k fj'rk
Fkk\
ckckj ds ledkyhu nks 'kf fgUnw jkT;ksa ds uke D;k Fks\
eqg.kkSr uS.klh us izfrgkjksa dh fdruh 'kk[kkvksa dko.kZu fd;k gS\a
i`Fohjkt jklkS esa pkSgkuksa dks fdl oa'k ls lEcfU/kr crk;k x;k gSa\
t;ey dkSu Fkk\
1967&68 esa fpkkSM+ ds eqxy ?ksjs ds nkSjku nks jktiwr lkearksa us nqxZ dh
j{kk djrs gq, izk.k R;kx fn;s] gSa
jktiwrkuk ds mu nks izeq[k lkearksa ds uke crkb;s ftUgksuas 1857 ds
fonzksg esa Hkkx fy;k
Hkkjr dk igyk ijek.kq ijh{k.k fdl LFkku ij fd;k x;k\
dksVk jkT; dh uhao j[kh&
jktiwrksa ds fdl oa'k us t;iqj fj;klr ij 'kklu fd;k\
fuEu esa ls fdl oa'k us fpkkSM+ ij 'kklu fd;k\
rjkbu dk izFke ;q) gqvk\
egkjk.kk izrki dks fdlus viuh lEifk HksaV dh\
ikuhir dh igyk ;q) dc gqvk\
vius iq= lyhe ds tUe ij isny pydj fdl ihj ds ;gk eqxy
ckn'kkg vk;k Fkk\
gqek;w dks jk[kh fdlus Hksth Fkh\
j.kFkEHkkSj dk ;q) fdlds e/; gqvk\
fpkkSM+x<+ esa fot; LrEHk dk fuekZ.k fdlus djok;k\
Lokeh foosdkuUn jktLFkku ds dkSuls dLcs esa vkdj dqN le; ds fy,
:ds Fks\
ukFk}kjk esa JhukFkth dh ewfrZ vkSjaxtsc ds le; dgk ls ykbZ xbZ\
vtesj vkus okyk izFke vaxzst Fkk\
egkjk.kk izrki dk jkT;fHk"ksd dgka gqvk Fkk\
~Page-116~
& cky eqdqUn fcLlk

& fd'kksjh nsoh
& dsljh flag ckjgB
&esokM+
& tSlyesj
& dUlo dksVk ,oa
iwBksyh fpkkSM+x<+
& g"kZpfjr] lh&;w&dh
& pkyqD;] izfrgkj]
pkgeku ,oa ijekj
& fpkkSM+x<+] j.kFkEHkkSj]
flok.kk
& pkpk ,oa HkkbZ
& esokM+ o ekjokM+
& 26
& lw;Zoa'kh
& esM+rk dk jktk
& t;ey&Qkk
& fc'ku flag vkSj f'koukFk
flag
& iksdj.k esa
& ek/kksflag us
& dPNokgk oa'k
& xqfgy oa'k
& 1191 bZ- esa
& Hkkek'kkg usa
& 1526 bZ- esa
& [oktk eksbuqhu fp'rh
dh njxkg] vtesj
& dekZorh
& vykmhu f[kyth vkSj
jk.kk gEehj
& egkjk.kk dqEHkk
& [ksrM+h
& oa`nkou ds trhiqjk ls
& lj VkWel jks
& xksxqUnk esa
58
1857 dh kafr esa vaxzstksa o tks/kiqj dh la;q lsuk dks ijkftr fd;k\
59
gYnh?kkVh ;q) ds ihNs vdcj dk eq[; ms'; Fkk
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61
Jh vt;jkt pkSgku vt;iky laLFkkid Fks\

ik/kk; ,oa nqxkZnkl ds thou ls tks fo'ks"k izsj.kk feyrh gS] og gS
62
jktLFkku Ldwy vkWQ vkVZ~l enjlk gqujh dh LFkkiuk egkjktk jkeflag

us dc dh\
fdls t;iqj 'kgj dks xqykch jax ls djokus dk Js; tkrk gSa\
vkSjaxtsc dh e`R;q rd vius dks Lora= djus dk iz;kl djus okyk
jktiwr jkT; Fkk\
gYnh?kkVh ds ;q) esa egkjk.kk izrki ds lkFk ,dek= eqfLye ljnkj Fks
fdl lu~ esa ckcj vkSj jk.kk lkaxk ds e/; [kkuok ds eSnku esa ;q) gqvk\
fdUgsa vfHkuo Hkjrkpk;Z ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk Fkk\
lwQh lar [oktk eksbZuqhu fp'rh fdlds 'kkludky esa jktLFkku vk;sa
Fk\
jktk lwjtey dgka ds jktk Fks\
jktLFkku ds fdl ftys ds lEcU/k esa dgk tkrk gS fd dsoy iRFkj dh
Vkxsa gh vkidks ogka ys tk ldrh gSa&
guqekux<+ vkSj Jhxaxkuxj ds ikl ds {ks= dks izkphudky esa dgk tkrk
Fkk\
esokM+ dk eSjkFku ;q) dgk x;k gSa&
tkV oa'k dk 18 oh a'krkCnh ds e/; esa fdu Hkw&Hkkx ij vkf/kiR; Fkk\
;q) Hkwfe esa tkrs le; vius ifr }kjk fu'kkuh ekaxus ij ftlus viuk
'kh'k dkV dj HksaV fd;k] og Fkh\
HkfDr jl dof;=h ehjkackbZ Fkha\
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cq) vkSj ehjk ckbZ ds thou n'kZu esa eq[; lkE; D;k Fkk\
lu~ 1900 bZ- ds phu ;q) esa Hkkx ysus ds fy, phu ind fdl iznku
fd;k x;k\
ikuhir dh rhljs ;q) ds le; tkV 'kkld lwjtey dh D;k Hkwfedk
Fkha\
v<kbZ fnu dk >ksiM+k efLtn esa iz;qDr izLrj [kaMksa esa fuEu esa ls fdl
ukVd ds va'k Vafdr gSa\
fuEu esa ls pkSgku 'kklu dk dsUnz Fkk\
fdl jktiwr jkT; ds mkjkf/kdkj ds ekeys esa lezkV tgkaxhj us gLr{ksi
fd;k vkSj viuh ilUn ds O;fDr dks lezkV cuk;k\
dgk tkrk gS fd dqrqcqhu ,scd us dqrqc efLtn ,oa dqrqcehukj ds
vfrfjDr jkT; esa fdldk fuekZ.k djok;k\
izkd~ flU/kq lH;rk vkSj fla/kq lH;rk ds vo'ks"k dgka ls izkIr gq, gSa\
vtesj esa fp'rh flyflys dh tks uhao j[kh xbZ] mlls lEcfU/kr O;fDr
Fks\
ehjk ckbZ fdl oa'k dh Fkh\
vdcj us fuEu esa ls fdl jktoa'k ds lkFk viuk oSokfgd lEcU/k
LFkkfir fd;k Fkk\
~Page-117~
vkmok ds Bkdqj dq'kkyflag

us
& egkjk.kk izrki dks vius
v/khu djuk
& vtesj ds
& ns'k ds fy, cfynku dh
LokfeHkf dh
& 1857 bZ- esa
& egkjktk jkeflag f}rh;
& ekjokM+
& gdhe[kk lwjh
& lu~ 1527
& egkjk.kk dqEHkk
& i`Fohjkt pkSgku
& Hkjriqj
& tSlyesj
& ;kS)s;
&fnosj ds ;q) dks
& Hkjriqj ,oa /kkSyiqj
& jkuh gkM+k
& esaokM+ ds jk.kk lkaxk ds
iq= Hkkstjkt dh iRuh
& lalkj nq%[kiw.kZ gSa
& egkjktk xaxkflag
& og ;q) ls vyx jgk
& gfjdsyh
& ykV] 'kkdEHkjh] /koxrkZ
& chdkusj
& <kbZ fnu dk >ksaiM+k
& dkyhcaxk] cuokyh
& eksbuqhu fp'rh
& jkBkSM+ esM+rk
& vkesj
87
88
'ks[k futkeqhu vkSfy;k fdl lwQh lEiznkk; ls lEcfU/kr Fks\

fp'rh lEiznk; ds larks dks frfFk ds vuqlkj ec) dhft,\
89
izkphu gM+Iik Lrjksa ls ,d gh [ksr esa lkFk&lkFk nks Qlyksa dks mxkus dk
lk{; izkIr gksrk gS\
fetkZ jktk dh eqxy inoh fdls iznku dh xbZ\
os fp'rh lar dkSu Fks ftuds izfr 'kgkcqhu xkSjh cgqr vuqdqy Fkk\
fetkZ jktk t;falg }kjk 1665 bZ- iqjUnj ds ?ksjs ds le; fuEu esa ls
dkSulk ;k=h mifLFkr Fkk\
ryokj caU/kkbZ D;k Fkha
vkSjaxtsc us tks/kiqj ds 'kkld tloUr flag dks 1658 bZ- ds /kjer ds
;q) esa ijkftr fd;k Fkk] /kjer fdl jkT; esa fLFkr gSa\
iksFkh[kkuk laxzgky; fLFkr gSa\
chdkusj ds jk;flag us nks eqxy ckn'kkglsa dh lsok dh] os Fks
izfl) HkDr dof;=h ehjk ds ifr dk uke Fkk
Mwxjiqj fLFkr ukSy[kk ckoM+h 1586 fdlus cuokbZ\
vdcj us tc 1567 bZ- esa fpkkSM+ ij vke.k fd;k ml le; esokM+ dk
egkjk.kk dkSu Fkk\
fnosj ds ;q) vDVwcj 1582 ds Ik'pkr egkjk.kk izrki dh ubZ jkt/kkuh
Fkha
vdcj us jk.kk izrki dks le>kus ds fy;s fdldks izFke nwr ds :Ik esa
Hkstk\
vkfn ojkg dh mikf/k ftl jktiwr 'kkld us /kkj.k dh] og gS\
nkSjkbZ dk ;q) fdlds e/; gqvk Fkk\
t;iqj dk fuekZ.k fdlds }kjk djk;k x;k\
esokM+ ds bfrgkl esa fdl lsfodk us jktdqekj dks cpkus ds fy;s vius
cPps dh dqckZuh ns nh\
[kkuok dk ;q) fdlds chp gqvk Fkk\
tks/kiqj esa izkphu jktkvksa dh Nrfj;ka ,oa m|kuksa ds fy, izfl) LFkku
gSa\
fuEu ;q)ksa dk lgh dkye crkb;s
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& fp'rh lEiznk;

& ckck Qjhnxat 'kodj]
'ks[k futkeqhu vkSfy;k]
'ks[k ukfl#hu fpjkxs
nsgyh] lS;n eksgEen
xslwnjkt
euwdh dgrk gS fd tft;k fQj ls ykns tkus dk ljnkjksa ds ,d leqg

us tcnZLrh fojks/k fd;k Fkk ftldk usr`Ro fd;k Fkk
dkyhcaxk lH;rk dks loZizFke izdk'k esa ykus dk Js; fn;k tk ldrk gS\
x.ks'oj dk Vhyk tgka ls rkez;qxhu vo'ks"k izkIr gq, gSa] dgka gSa\
4000 o"kZ iqjkuh lH;rk ds iqjkrkfRod vo'ks"k mn;iqj ds lehi ,d xkao
esa ik, x;s gSa] og xkao gSa\
ekS;Z lH;rk ds izek.k fdl LFkku ij miyC/k gSa\
dkyhcaxk dk 'kkfCnd vFkZ gSa\
~Page-118~
& dkyhcaxk ls
& t;flag izFke
& [oktk eksbuqhu fp'rh
& cfuZ;j
& mkjkf/kdkj 'kqYd
& e/;izns'k esa
& t;iqj esa
& vdcj vkSj tgkaxhj
& jktdqekj Hkkstjkt
& jkuh izheynsoh
& mn;flag
& pko.M
& tyky [kka
& fefgj Hkkst
& vkSjaxtsc vkSj nkjk
& lokbZ t;falg f}rh;
& iUuk/;k;
& ckcj vkSj jk.kk lkaxk
& e.Mksj
& [kkuok dk ;q)] pkSlk
dk ;q)] gYnh?kkVh dk
;q)] /keZr dk ;q)
& egkjk.kk jkt flag us
& veykuUn ?kks"k
& lhdj esa
& vkgM+
& t;iqj ds cSjkB esa
& dkyh pwfM+;ka
115
116
jktLFkku esa fla/kq ?kkVh lH;rk ds vo'ks"k dgka ls izkIr gq, gSa\
fuEu esa ls ykSg;qxhu lH;rk gSa\
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vkgM+ dk izkphu uke Fkk\

jktLFkku esa ckS) laLd`fr ds vo'ks"k dgka feys gSa\
'kkjnk ,DV ds iz.ksrk Fks\
jktLFkku esa R;kx izFkk dk lacU/k fdl oxZ ds lekt ls Fkk\
jktLFkku esa Mkdfu;k izFkk ij jksd loZizFke dgka yxkbZ xbZ Fkha\
lkxM+h izFkk dk vFkZ gSa\
jktiwrkus ds fdl ujs'k us loZizFke dU;ko/k jksdus dk iz;kl fd;k\
124
125
loZizFke ckfydkvksa ds ;&fo; ij jksd yxkus dk jkT; Fkk\

rjkbu dk izFke ;q) dc o fduds e/; gqvk
126
127
fnosj dk ;q) vDVwcj 1582 esa egkjk.kk rki o vdcj ds e/; gqvk A
fnosj orZeku jkT; ds fdl ftys esa fLFkr gS
gYnh?kkVh dk ;q) dc o fduds e/; gqvk
128
[kkuok dk ;q) dc o fduds e/; gqvk
129
vykmhu ds njckjh dfo vkSj ys[kd vehj [kqljks dh og egoiw.kZ

fr] ftles vykmhu f[kyth o fpkkSM+ ds jk.kk jRuflag ds e/; 1303
bZ0 esa gq, ;q) dk o.kZu gS&
egkjktk lokbZrki flag ds vkJe esa jk/kk&xksfoUn laxhr lkj ds fuekZ.k
dk Js; gS
fdl kafrdkjh us ykMZ gkfMZax ij ce Qsadk Fkk
jkT; dk og kafrdkjh tks ce cukus dk foks"kK Fkk
egkjk.kk rki dh Nrjh dgka gS
tsEl VkWM us gYnh?kkVh dks *esokM+* dh FkeksZiksyh* dgk Fkk ] gYnh?kkVh
jkT; ds fdl ftys esa fLFkr gS
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jktLFkku esa lokZf/kd nh?kZdky rd pyus okyk fdlku vkUnksyu Fkk
136
Hkkjr o"kZ dk Fke fdlku vkUnksyu Fkk
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139
vkesj ds egyksa dk fuekZ.k djok;k

egkjk.kk rki dh vfUre jkt/kkuh Fkh
1857 ds foIyo ds le; jktLFkku es lSfud Nkofu;ka Fkh
140
ikuhir dh Fke yM+kbZ dc o fduds chp gqbZ \
141
rjkbu dk izFke ;q) dc o fduds e/; gqvk\
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egkjk.kk rki dk tUe gqvk Fkk\

vfUre fgUnw jktk Fks\
~Page-119~
& dkyhcaxk ,oa jaxegy

& uksgHkjriqj] tks/kiqjk
t;iqj] lqukjh >qU>quwa
& rkezorh uxjh
& cSjkB
& jk;cgknqj gjfcykl
& {kf=;
& mn;iqj
& cU/kqvk etnwj
*& dksVk ujs'k txrflag
@jkeflagA
& t;iqj
& 1192 esa i`Fohjkt o
eksgEen xksjhA
& jktlean
mn;iqj&vtesj ekxZ ij
& 18 twu 1576 dks vdcj
o egkjk.kk izrkiA
& 17 ekpZ 1527 dks jk.kk
lkaxk o ckcj A
& rkjhd&,&vykbZA
& nsof"kZ Hk cztikyA
& tksjkoj flag ckgjB
& dqUnuyky
& ckanksyh
& ukFk}kjk ls 11 ehy
nf{k.k esa xksxqUnk vkSj
[keuksj ds chp dk
LFkku&jktleanA
& fctksfy;k fdlku
vkUnksyu 1897 ls 1941
& fctksfy;k fdlku
vkUnksyuA
& jktk ekuflag }kjkA
& pko.MA
& C;koj]] ulhjkckn]
uhep] ,fjuiqjk] nsoyh o
[ksjokM+k mn;iqj
& 20 vSy 1526 ckcj o
bczkfge yksnh
& 1191 esa i`Fohjkt o
eksgEen xksjh
& dqEHyx< esa
& egkjk.kk lkaxkA
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1857 ds Fke Lora=rk laxzke dk vkxkt loZFke gqvk Fkk \

esokM+ esa jkxekyk] jfld f;k ]xhr xksfoUn tSls fo"k;ksa ij y?kq fp=
'kSyh fdl 'kkld ds dky esa pje lheka ij iagqph \
jktLFkku esa fdl jtokM+s us Cyw ikWVjh dks J; fn;k \
jktLFkku la?k ds fuek.kZ ds le; foy; i= ij gLrk{kj djrs le; ;g
fdlus dgk Fkk fd &**eSa vius MsFk okj.V ij gLrk{kj dj jgk gw** \
iaNhMk uked yksdf; xhr fdl Lora=rk lSukuh }kjk jfpr gS\
jktLFkku dk ,dhdj.k dqy fdrus pj.kksa esa gqvk\
jktLFkku fuek.kZ ds izFke pj.k dk uke *eRL; la?k* j[kus dk lq>ko
fdlus fn;k\
jktLFkku ds ,dhdj.k dk Js; gS \
vyoj jkT; es tutkxj.k dk Js; fdls tkrk gS \
fxjh&lqesy dk ;q) dc gqvk \
jktLFkku ,dhdj.k ds le; og uxj tgka fk{kk foHkkx j[kus dk fu.kZ;
gqvk\
30 ekpZ 1949 ls iwoZ jktLFkku es dqy fdruh fj;klrsa Fkh \
t;iqj dk og fl) Lekjd ftldh f}rh; 'krkCnh 1999 esa eukbZ xbZ
\
rjkbu ds ;q) dk foLr`r fooj.k fdl xzUFk esa kIr gksrk gS \
jktLFkku dk orZeku ukedj.k dc gqvk \
gokegy dk fuekZ.k fdlus djok;k \
rjkbu dk eSnku orZeku esa dgka gS \
*dhfrZ LrEHk* dk fuek.kZ fdlus djok;k&
Lokeh n;kuUn ljLorh dh e`R;q 1833 esa dgkW gqbZ&
duZy tsEl VkWM }kjk cuk;k x;k nqxZ dkSulk gS\
fdl nqxZ esa vkSjaxtsc }kjk fufeZr ehBskkg dh njxkg fLFkr gS\
*eqckjd egy* dgkW fLFkr gS\
og dkSulk fdyk gS ]ftldh vktknh o vfLerk dh j{kk ds fy, ogka ds
Bkdqjksa us xksyk& ck:n [kRe gksus ij pkanh ds xksys nkxs\
jktiwrkuk ds HkkSxksfyd {ks= dks fof/kor :i ls jktLFkku uke fn;k x;k
\
eqfLye nqxZ fuek.kZ i}fr ls cuk;k x;k jkT; dk ,dek= nqxZ &
vk/kqfud jktLFkku ds fuekZrk ekus tkrs gS\
tSlyesj nqxZ dks fdl uke ls tkuk tkrk gS \
:Bh jk.kh *mekns* fdl jkBkSM+ 'kkld dh iRuh Fkh \
izfl) eqfLye lar [oktk eqbuqhu fprh fdlds 'kkludky esa vtesj
vk;s Fks\
dkSulk ;q) Hkkjrh; bfrgkl esa *ehy dk iRFkj * fl) gqvk \
jktLFkku esa xSVksj dh Nrjh;k fdl oak ds jkt ifjokj ls lacfU/kr gS \
ohj Hkkjr lekt dh LFkkiuk fdlus dh Fkh \
1900 bZ- ds phu ;q) esa Hkkx ysus ds fy, fdls phu ind nku fd;k
x;k Fkk \
~Page-120~
& ulhjkckn A
& egkjktk txrflagA
& t;iqj
& egkjkoy pUnzohj flag
ckalokM+k
& ekf.kD;yky oekZA
&7
& Jh ds-,e-eqakhA
& ljnkj iVsy dksA
& ia0 gfjukjk;.k 'kekZA
& tuojh 1544 esa 'ksjkkg
lwjh o ekynso ds chpA
& chdkusjA
& 19
& gokegyA
& i`Fohjkt jklksA
& 26 tuojh 1950
& 1799 esa lokbZ rkiflag
& djuky&gfj;k.kkA
& egkjk.kk dqEHkk usA
& vtesj esa
& fxjh nqxZA
& xkxjksu nqxZA
& t;iqj esa A
& pw: dk fdyk pw:A
& 26 tu-1950
& vdcj dk fdyk
eSXthu vtesjA
& eksguyky lq[kkfM+;kA
& lksukj fdykA
& jko ekynsoA
& i`Fohjkt III
& rjkbu dk f}rh; ;q}
& dNokgkA
& fot;flag ifFkad usA
& egkjktk xaxkflagA
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tlukFkh lEnk; dh mRifk dgka gqbZ \

?kwersoj egknso eafnj fkokM+ esa Hkxoku fko dk 12 ok o vafre
T;ksfryax vofLFkr ekuk tkrk gS ]fkokM+ fdl ftys esa fLFkr gS \
*[oktk eksbuqhu fprh dk edcjk fdlus cuok;k \
fgaxykt ekrk dk eafnj ] ftlesa lezkV vdcj us Hkh iwtu fd;k ] dgk
fLFkr gS \
esokM+ dh ladVdkyhu jkt/kkuh Fkh \
os fprh lar dkSu Fks ftuds fr 'kgkcqhu xkSjh cgqr vuqdqy Fkk \
jktLFkku es Mkdfu;k Fkk ij jksd loZFke dgka yxkb xbZ \
fl) jktiwr ohj cIik jkoy dk dky D;k Fkk -\
xksxkth dh lekf/k LFky gS \
186
fdrus jtokM+ks ,oa jkT;ksa ds ,dhdj.k ls jktLFkku jkT; cuk \
187
fpkkSM+x< dk fdyk fdl iBkj ij fLFkr gS\
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lw;Z eafnj jktLFkku esa dgka ij fLFkr gS \

jktLFkku dks jktiwrkuk uke dc o fdlus fn;k Fkk \
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ckxM+ ds xk/kh fdl ftys ds jgus okys Fks\

fctksfy;k fdlku vkUnksyu ls dkSu tqM+s gq, Fks\
192
1567&68 esa fpkkSM+ ds eqxy ?ksjs ds nkSjku nks jktiwr lkearksa us nqxZ dh
j{kk djrs gq, k.k R;kx fn;s ]muds uke gS \
1527 bZ- esa egkjk.kk lkaxk ,oa ckcj ds e/; [kkuok dk ;q) fdl ftys
esa gqvk \
jktLFkku esa loksZn;h vkUnksyu ds iz.ksrk Fks \
jktLFkku dh vktknh ds vkUnksyu esa *ykDdM+ vkSj dDdM+* /kqu ds /kuh
rFkk yksduk;d ds uke ls tkus tkrs Fks\
egkHkkjr dky esa orZeku jktLFkku ds chdkusj {ks= dks dgk tkrk Fkk \
esokM+ ds bfrgkl esa fdl lsfodk us jktdqekj dks cpkus ds fy, vius
cPps dh dqckZuh ns nh\
og fdyk ftlesa ,d tSls ukS egy gS \
Lokeh n;kuUn ljLorh us fdl egy esa minsk fn;k Fkk \
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Hkjriqj laHkkx esa lfEefyr ftyk lokbZek/kksiqj igys fdl lEHkkx esa Fkk
\
Lora=rk lsukuh ,oa 'kghn lkxjey xksik dgka ds fuoklh Fks \
vaxzstksa ds le; esa jktLFkku dks fdl uke ls tkuk tkrk Fkk \
fdkux<+ fj;klr ds iwoZ egkjktk ,oa egku dykdkj lkoarflag dh 350
oha t;arh dc eukbZ xbZ \
vkfnoklh yksxksa esa tkx`fr iSnk djus ds fy, xksfoIn xq: fdl ftys ls
lEcfU/kr gS \
tSlyesjh 'kSyh dk dkSulk eq[k fp= tSlyesj ds jkt lknksa dh eq[k
'kksHkk Fkk \
jktLFkku dk og nsork ftlus egewn xtuoh ls ;q) fd;k \
~Page-121~
& chdkusj esaA

& lokbZ ek/kksiqj esaA
& X;klqhu usA
& tSlyesj ls 15 fdehnwj yksnzok LFkku ijA
& pko.MA
& [oktk eksbuqhu fprhA
& mn;iqjA
& vkBoha 'krkCnhA
& xksxkesM+h]
uksgj&guqekux<+A
& 19 fj;klrsa ,oa 3
fBdkusA
& eslk iBkj 620 ehVj
apk iBkj
& vkesj esaA
& tkWtZ FkkWel@duZy VkWM
us 1800 bZ- esaA
& Mwxjiqj dsA
& jkeukjk;.k pkS/kjh ,oa
fot;flag ifFkdA
& t;ey] QkkA
& HkjriqjA
& fl)jkt <M~<kA
& t;ukjk;.k O;klA
& tkxynskA
& iUuk/kk;A
& ukgjx<+ dk fdykA
& jkbdk ckx iSysl
tks/kiqj
& dksVkA
& tSlyesj dsA
& jktiwrkukA
& 7 tuojh 2005 dksA
& MqxjiqjA
& eweyA
& xksxkthA
237
iq"; gosyh fLFkr gS \

kàxkj paojh eafnj fLFkr gS
tkV oak dk 18 oha 'krkCnh ds e/; esa fdu Hkw&Hkkxksa ij vkf/kiR; Fkk \
vkfn ojkg dh mikf/k ftl jktiwr 'kkld us /kkj.k dh] og gS \
tSlyesj esa 1550 bZ- esa ogka ds 'kkld yw.kdj.k ds le; v)Zkkdk gqvk
]D;ksafd blesa&
eRL; la?k dk kklu jktLFkku dks LFkkukUrfjr djus dk fu.kZ; fy;k
x;k --\
e/;dkyhu jktLFkku ds fdl 'kkld dks vfHkuo Hkjrkpk;Z ds uke ls
iqdkjk x;k gS \
Mxjiqj tke.My dh LFkkiuk 1944 esa dh Fkh\
nkSjkbZ dk ;q) fdlds e/; gqvk Fkk \
tks/kiqj ds fudV vksfl;ka esa eafnjksa dk lewg fdudh nsu gS \
'ks[k futkeqhu vkSfy;ka fdl lwQh lEnk; ls lEcfU/kr Fks \
jktLFkku ds fdl fdys ij lokZf/kd vke.k gq, gS \
jktLFkku esa fdl yksd nsork dh [;krh dchj dh rjg gqbZ \
jk.kk jruflag dh jkuh in~feuh dk xksjk ,oa ckny ls ek% D;k fjrk
Fkk \
es: uke ls fdl nsk dks tkuk tkrk gS\
jktLFkku esa esokr {ks= esa dkSuls ftys 'kkfey gS \
lqo.kZfxjh fdl fdys dks dgrs gS \
HkfDr vkUnksyu dks jktLFkku esa QSykus okys Fks \
jktLFkku esa xqIr ujskkas dh lcls cM+h fuf/k ftlesa 1982 Lo.kZ flDds Fks]
dgka feyh gS \
jktLFkku dk og fdyk ftls /kkjk/kkjx< Hkh dgk tkrk gS \
gEehj egkdkO; esa pkSgkuksa dks crk;k x;k gS \
ykyx<+ egy dgka fLFkr gS \
vf[ky Hkkjrh; nskh jkT; yksd ifj"kn~ lEesyu 1949 esa dgka vk;ksftr
fd;k x;k &
rkjkx< fdys dk lcls apk Hkkx D;k dgykrk gS \
fl) Lora=rk lsukuh xksihyky ;kno dk lEcU/k Fkk \
1947 esa vyoj ds /kkuea=h dkSu Fks \
27 ebZ 1919* dks tUeh t;iqj dh iwoZ jktekrk dk fuokl LFky Fkk\
jktekrk xk;=h nsoh dk fu/ku dc gqvk\
eso fdls dgrs gS \
fdl fj;klr dks dsUnz ljdkj }kjk dsUnzkkflr nsk ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k
Fkk \
jktLFkku esa og dkSuls O;fDr gS] tks rhu ckj eq[;ea=h gq, gSW \
238
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Jko.k izfre.k pw.khZ* fdl fp= 'kSyh dk izFke lfp= xzaFk gS \

egkRek xk/kh ds ikposa iq= dgs tkrs gSa\
czkth dh iRuh lkfo=h dk eafnj dgka gS \
241
HkhyokM+k ftys esa fdl laiznk; dh ihB fLFkr gS \
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~Page-122~
& tks/kiqj esaA

& fpkkSM+x< nqxZ esaA
& Hkjriqj o /kksyiqjA
& fefgj HkkstA
& dslfj;k rks gqvk ysfdu
tkSgj ugha gqvkA
& 1949 bZ- esaA
& egkjk.kk dqaHkkA
& Hkksxhyky ik.M;k usA
& vkSjaxtsc vkSj nkjkA
& frgkjksa A
& fprh lEnk; lsA
& rkjkx<+A
& ckck jkenso dhA
& pkpk vkSj HkkbZ A
& vjkoyh ioZrh; nskA
& vyoj o HkjriqjA
& tkykSj dk fdykA
& nknwA
& c;kuk& HkjriqjA
& pkSew dk fdykA
& lw;ZoakhaA
& chdkusj esaA
& mn;iqj esaA
& ehjka lkgc dh njxkgA
& Hkjriqj lsA
& MkW- oh- ,u- [kjsA
& fyfyiwyA
& 29 tqykbZ 2009 dksA
& lEnk; dksA
& vtesj dksA
& gfjnso tkskh o HkSajksflag
'ks[kkor usA
& esokM+A
& teuyky ctkt
& jRufxjh ioZr iq"dj ds
nf{k.k esa
& jkekuqt lEiznk;A
242
243
izfl) lar lyhe fprh dgka jgrs Fks \

jktLFkku dk gfj}kj tgka y{ke.k >wyk gS \
244
esokM+ dk [ktqjkgks dgk tkrk gS \
245
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dktjh 'kks/k laLFkku dgka gS \

jktLFkku ds vk/kqfud fp=dyk dk Js; tkrk gS \Hkjriqj ftys ds fdl LFkku ij 1700 o"kZ iqjkuh i{kh fpf=r bZVsa izkIr
gqbZ gSa&
what are the Indian stars iqLrd ds ys[kd gSa &
foo izfl) czk eafnj fdl 'krkCnh esa fufeZr fd;k x;k -\
vkgM+ laLd`fr gS \
vkgM+ lH;rk dk fo/oak gqvk \
vkgM+ fLFkr gS \
gkM+ksrh dk [ktqjkgks ftls jktLFkku dk feuh [ktqjkgks Hkh dgk tkrk gS \
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& Qrsgiqj lhdjh esaA

& ekr`dqf.M;k] jkkeh
iapk;r lfefr&fpkkSM+x<A
& txr dk vfEcdk eafnj
& mn;iqjA
& tks/kiqj ] LFkkiuk 1959
& dqanuyky feL=hA
& uksgA
& fot; flag ifFkdA

& 14 oha 'krkCnh esaA
& rkez ik"kk.k dkyhu
& ck<+ ds dkj.k
& mn;iqj esaA
& Hk.Mnsojk ds fkoeafnjA
ckjk
,fk;k dh lcls cM+h rksi tks dh bafnjk xk/kh ds 'kkludky esa gqbZ & u;ck.k rksi eksehukckn
[kqnkbZ esa feyh&
viuk flj dkVdj nsus okyh gkMh jkuh dk uke D;k Fkk \
& lgy daojA
lksus pkanh dk vkHkw"k.k fdl 'kSyh ls loZizFke iz;ksx gqvk \
& gkM+ksrhA
i'kq&i{kh fp=.k ,oa fHkfr fp=ksa esa foks"k [;kfr izkIr gS \
& nsodhuUn 'kekZA
fdl frfFk dks fro"kZ jktLFkku fnol euk;k tkrk gS \
& 30 ekpZ dks
jkteq[k ds LFkku ij jkT;iky in dk l`tu dc gqvk \
& lafo/kku ds 7 osa lakks/ku
}kjk
fdl 'kSyh ds fp=dkj fp=ksa ij viuk uke vkSj frfFk vafdr djrs Fks \
& chdkusj 'kSyhA
t;iqj 'kSyh dk fl) fp=dkj gS \
& lkfgcjkeA
jkxuh HkSjoh dk fp= lacfU/kr gS \
& cwnh 'kSyhA
fkkqiky o|e~ egkdkO; ds jpf;rk egkdfo ek?k dk fuokl LFkku Fkk
& HkhuekyA
x.ksoj dk Vhyk tgka ls rkez;qxhu voks"k feys gS ] fLFkr gS \
lhdj&uhe dk FkkukA
kfrd ifjosk dk fp=.k ,oa fkdkj ds fp=ksa dh cgqyrk] [ktqj dso`{k
& dksVkA
ds fp=] uhys jax dh /kkurk fdl 'kSyh dh foks"krk gS \
vferkHk rq>s lyke fr ds jpukdkj gS \
& ';ke ekFkqjA
dksVk ujsk jke eqdqUn flag us viuh s;lh eh.kk tkfr dh ,d vfr
& vcyk eh.kh egy
lqUnj vcyk ds fy, ,d egy cukok;k Fkk ftls dqN yksx cutkjksa dk
egy Hkh dgrs gS og gS&
vcyk eh.kh egy dgka gS \
& njkZ ?kkVh dksVk&bUnkSj
ekxZA
fyfVy phQ efuLVj miuke ls fdls tkuk tkrk gS \
& Vhdkjke ikyhokyA
t;iqj] cwanh rFkk ejkBksa ds chp ijLij lacU/kksa dk Kku fdl xzUFk ls
& oak HkkLdjA
feyrk gS &
vktks ikis ?kj pysa] ihGh vka/kh] vifjfpr mtkys] fNUueLrk] cktkj cht
& MkW- Hkk [ksrkuA
cktkj ds f[kykQ] mifuosk es L=h fdlds }kjk jfpr fr;ka gS \
MkW- Hkk [ksrku dk lEcU/k fdl ftys ls gS \
& pq:A
tkxrh tksr] tue Hkkse] ,oa jktLrkuh xaxk i=&if=dk,a lacfU/kr gS \
chdkusj lsA
ekVh cu xbZ panu iqLrd ds ys[kd gS \
& feykipan MkafM;kA
~Page-123~
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fdkksjh egy fLFkr gS \

xksxkesM+h /kqjesM+h fLFkr gS \
'khk esM+h fLFkr gS \
ikcwth dh ?kksM+h dk uke Fkk -\
tks/kiqj 'kSyh dk mn~Hko fdlds le; esa gqvk \
jktLFkku ds fl) loksZn;h usrk fl)jkt <k dh e`R;q gqbZ\
dkyhcaxk dk 'kkfCnd vFkZ gS \
xksj[k rkykc fLFkr gS \
jktLFkku ds ,dek= nsork ]tks ,d dfo Hkh Fks --\
284
v[ky&njhck D;k gS \
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ukSgj guqekux<+ esa dkSulk fl) esyk Hkjrk gS \

jkensoth ds eafnjksa dks dgka tkrk gS \
uxykihB fdl lEnk; ls lEcfU/kr gS \
dkyhcaxk lH;rk dks loZFke dkk esa ykus dk Js; fn;k tk ldrk gS
\
jktLFkku esa fj;klrdky esa nf{k.k dk }kjx<+ fdls dgk tkrk Fkk -\
xksxkth ds ?kksM+s dk jax dSlk Fkk \
dksVk ftys ds fdu nks vfHkys[kksa ls Kkr gksrk gS fd ekS;ksZa dk jktLFkku
ls lEcU/k Fkk \
vHksM+k egy o txeafnj dgk fLFkr gS&
foo /kjksgj lwfp esa 'kkfey fd;k x;k lksukj fdyk dgk fLFkr gS&
flrkj&,&fgUn fdls dgrs gSa& \
xksxkth dk iwtk LFky gS \
dhfrZ LrEHk kfLr ds jpf;rk Fks \
jktLFkku ds fdl uxj ds lEcU/k esa dgk tkrk gS fd dsoy iRFkj dh
Vkaxsa gh vkidks ogk ys tk ldrh gS \
jktLFkku fnol euk;k tkrk gS \
lqugjh dksBh gosyh fLFkr gS \
vkgM+ dk kphu uke Fkk \
pj.k lkfgR; ls lEcfU/kr gS&
tkEHkksth us 1485 esa lEHkjkFky chdkusj esa fouksbZ er dk orZu fd;kA
bl lEnk; ds vuq;k;h fdrus fu;eksa dh vuqikyuk djrs gS \
HkfDr jl dfof;=h ehjkckbZ Fkh \
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dkSuls nqxZ dks jktLFkku dh mkjh lhek dk gjh ekuk tkrk gS \

dksko)Zu fdys dk pfyr uke gS \
:i daoj dk lEcU/k fdl Fkk ls Fkk \
'kkjnk ,DV ds .ksrk Fks \
t;flag uhjt ds vuqlkj jktLFkkuh rkjk Hkkra dh vks<uha dk igukok
ftuesa pfyr gS] og gS &
jktiwrkuk ds fdl jkt?kjkus us tke.My dks laj{k.k ns j[kk Fkk ---------djek o xkSjk dkSu Fks \
~Page-124~
& Hkjriqj
& uksgj guqekux<
& nnjsok& pq:A
dslj dkyehA
jko ekynsoA
& 9 ekpZ 2006A
& dkyh pwfM+;kA
& xksxkesM+h ds ikl A
& jkensoth fr&pkSfcl
ckf.k;k
& nknw iaFk dk lRlax
LFkyA
& xksxkth dk esykA
& nsojkA
& ykynklh lEnk;A
& veykuUn ?kks"k dksA
& /kksyiqj nqxZ dksA
& uhykA
& dUlo dksVk ,oa
iwBksyh fpkkSM+x<+
& dksVk esa A
& Lo.kZ uxjh tSlyesjA
& lokbZ ekuflag dksA
& [kstM+h o`{kA
& vfHkdfo v=hiq= egskA
& tSlyesjA
& 30 ekpZ dksA
& Vksa d esaA
& rkezorh uxjhA
& MkW- ,y- VSLlhVksjhA
& 29
&,d jktiwr 'kkld dh
iRuhA
& lksukjx< dksA
& 'ksjx<+ dk fdykA
& lrh FkkA
& jk;cgknqj gjfcyklA
& Hkhy efgyk,aA
& t;iqjA
& jkT; esa thoksa dh j{kkFkZ
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fdUgsa vfHkuo Hkjrkpk;Z ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gS \

t;iqj&Vksad ds pkjksa vksj dk nsk dgykrk Fkk \
tkaxy nsk ds vkl&ikl ds Hkkx dks dgrs Fks --\
tSlyesj jkT; dk iqjkuk uke Fkk \
tkaxy nsk ij fdldk vf/kdkj Fkk \
tc pkSgkuksa ds jkT;ksa dk foLrkj gqvk rc jkT; dh jkt/kkuh dks fdl
uke ls tkus tkus yxk&\
mn;iqj jkT; dk kphu uke o jkt/kkuh Fkh \
chdkusj jkT; dh jkt/kkuh vfgPN=iqj orZeku esa fdl ftys ds :i esa gS
\
ckM+ksyh dk fl) fko eafnj gq.kksa }kjk cuok;k x;k Fkk tks fdl ftys
esa fLFkr gS \
tSrk o dwik Fks \
lqesy dk ;q) fduds e/; gqvk \
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vdcj us ekuflag dks dkSu&lh mikf/k;ka nh Fkh & \
323
vkSjaxtsc ds iq= vdcj us vius dks dc lezkV ?kksf"kr fd;k \
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jktLFkku esa bZLV bf.M;k ds lkFk lfU/k djus okyk jkT; Fkk \
ekjokM+ esa gqek;wa fdl LFkku ij vkdj Bgjk \
egkHkkjr dky esa chdkusj jkT; ds jkT; fpUg esa D;k fy[kk feyrk gS tkaxy nsk ds vklikl ds Hkkx dks dgrs Fks \
egkHkkjr dky xaxkuxj ds vklikl dk nsk dgykrk Fkk \
,d jkBksM+ ljnkj us jktLFkku esa loZFke aV dk ;ksx fd;k vkSj
xks&j{kk Hkh dh] og Fkk \
Hkkjr esa ,dek= ?kksM+s dh etkj fLFkr gS \
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jktLFkku es lqjlaxe }kjk 1989 dh lqj Jh dh mik/kh fdls iznku dh

xbZ \
jktk lwjtey jktk Fks \
rkjkx< nqxZ dk fuekZ.k fdlus djok;k \
ckny egy fLFkr gS \
vCnqYyk [kka dk edcjk dgka gS \
pek&,&uwj egy dgka fLFkr gSa\
HkDr vkUnksyu ds .ksrk Fks -\
dksVk jkT; dk vax&Hkax dj fdl jkT; dk fuek.kZ fd;k x;k Fkk \
mn;iqj ds foy; ds ckn jktLFkku dk eq[;ea=h dkSu cuk \
jktLFkku dk ,d kphu nqxZ tks nks ufn;ksa ds laxe ij ,d dBksj
pku ij cuk gqvk gS] og gS \
~Page-125~
igyk cfynku lu~ 1604 esa

tks/kiqj fj;klr ds
jkeklM+h xko esa bu nks
O;fDr;ksa }kjk fn;k x;k A
& egkjk.kk dqEHkk A
& fojkVA
& likny{kA
& ekMA
& pkSgkuksa dk A
& 'kkdEHkjh lkaHkj
fkfo& e/;fedkA
& ukxkSjA
& dksVkA
& ekynso ds lsukifrA
& 'ksjkkg lwjh rFkk
ekynsoA
& QtZUn rFkk fetkZ jktk
dhA
& 1 tuojh 1681 ukMksy
esaA
& fljksghA
& tksxh rhFkZA
& t; taxy/kj cknkkgA
& likny{kA
&;ks}s;A
& ikcwthA
& gtjr ehjka lkgc
njxkg] rkjkx<&vtesjA
& ef.k fxgekA
& Hkjriqj dsA
& jko jktk jRuflag usA
& rkjkx< nqxZ cwnh nqxZ &
cwnh
& vtesjA
& vtesjA
& xksfoUn xq:A
& >kykokM+1838 esa
& ekf.kD; yky oekZ
& xkxjksuA
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Hkkjr esa Fke vfgalkRed vlg;ksx vkUnksyu tks 25 o"kksa rd pyk] og

Fkk \
dkSulk 'kkld fp=dyk ds {ks= esa fl) Fkk -\
orZeku tks/kiqj] chdkusj ds ftys egkHkkjr dky esa dgykrs Fks \-fdl ,sfrgkfld /kjksgj dks eFkqjk rsy 'kks/kd dkj[kkus ds /kq, ls uqdlku
gks jgk gS &-\
rkaR;k Vksis dks fxjrkj djokus okys lkeUr dk uke Fkk \
jktiwrkuk dk viwoZ bfrgkl iqLrd ds ys[kd gSa \
jktLFkku jkTkdh; vfHkys[kkxkj fdl 'kgj esa gS \
jkt kfLr gS \
dhfrZ &LrEHk kfLr ds fkYidkj dkSu Fks \
eksrhyky rstkor us usr`Ro nku fd;k Fkk \
tSlyesj ds ujsk dqynsoh ds :i esa fdl nsoh dh iwtk djrs Fks \
25 ekpZ 1948 dks la;qDr jktLFkku esa fdl fj;klr dk foy; gqvk \
jktLFkku esa jktuhfrd psruk dks loZFke tUe nsus okys dkSu Fks \
Hkksj fpfM+;k igkM+h ij 12 ebZ 1459 dks cuk;s x;s esgjkux<+ fdys dh
nhokj esa ,d thfor balku dks pquok;k x;k ftldk uke Fkk \
1857 ds Lora=rk laxazke dh ukf;dk >klh dh jkuh y{ehckbZ dk tUe
gqvk Fkk \
>klh dh jkuh dk cpiu dk uke D;k Fkk \
>klh dh jkuh y{ehckbZ ohjxfr dks kIr gqbZ -\
vkfnoklh yksxks es tkx`fr iSnk djus okys xq: xksfoUn flag fdl ftys ls
lacfU/kr gS\
fllksfn;k jkuh dk ckx dgka gS \
twuk egy fLFkr gS \
twukx<+ fdyk fLFkr gS \
utj ckx Vksad esa 1824 esa uckc eksgEen gehj [kku }kjk cuokbZ xbZ
dksBh dk uke D;k gS \
jktLFkku la/k 25 ekpZ 1948 dk mn~?kkVu fdlus fd;k -\
fpkkSM+ dk ;q) dc gqvk \
lj VkWel jks fdl o"kZ jktLFkku vk;k \
gEehj egkdkO; ds vuqlkj ;q) esa lQyrk dh vkkk u jgus ij gEehj
us viuk 'khk dkVdj vfiZr fd;k \
ohj lsukuh fot;flag ifFkd dk ewy uke D;k Fkk \
o"kZ 1921 esa fdlkuksa dk lqvj fojks/kh vkUnksyu fdl LFkku ij pyk Fkk
\
Lora=rk lsukuh ,oa 'kghn lkxjey xksik dgka ds fuoklh Fks \
[khaph okM+k ds uke dkSulk {ks= fl) Fkk \
fdl Lora=rk lsukuh dks tsy esa gh ftUnk tyk fn;k Fkk \
xkxjksu dk fdyk fdl Js.kh esa vkrk gS \
jktiwrkus ds fdl ujsk us loZFke dU;ko/k jksdus dk ;kl fd;k \
~Page-126~
& fctksfy;kA
& lkoUr flagA
& tkaxy nskA
& rktegy
& ujoj dk tkxhjnkj
ekuflagA
& ".kflag ckgjBA
& chdkusjA
&,d vfHkys[kA
& tSrkA
& fljksgh ds Hkhyksa dkA
& Lokfx;k nsohA
& rkix<+A
& fot;flag ifFkdA
& jkft;k es?kokyA
&dkkhokjk.klh
& efudf.kZdkA
17 twu 1858 Xokfy;j
&ckalokM+k
& t;iqjA
& MqaxjiqjA
& chdkusjA
& lqugjhA
& oh- ,u- xkMfxyA
& 1303 es jko jRuflag ,oa
vykmhu f[kyth ds e/;A
& 1615 esa
& Hkxoku 'kadj dksA
& Hkwi flagA
& vyojA
& tSlyesjA
& xkxjksuA
& lkxjey xksikA
& ty nqxZA
& lokbZ t;flagA
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gYnh?kkVh ;q) ds ihNs vdcj dk eq[; ms; D;k Fkk \

vykmhu dh efLtn fLFkr gS \
[ksrM+h egy dk fuekZ.k fdlus djok;k \
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fdl fuokZflr 'kkld us pko.M dks viuh jkt/kkuh cuk;k \

lokbZ t;flag us ikap oS/kkkykvksa dk fuekZ.k djok;k Fkk ]os fLFkr gS \
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380
vkSjaxtsc us tks/kiqj ds 'kkld tloUr flag dks 1658 bZ- ds /kjer ds

;q) esa ijkftr fd;k Fkk A /kjer fdl jkT; esa fLFkr gS \
bZljykV ljxklwyh D;k gS -\
381
jktLFkku esa ouksa dks lqjf{kr j[kus dh ;kstuk loZFke fdlus cukbZ \
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ehjka ckbZ fdl oak dh Fkh \

jktLFkku esa lkseukFk efUnj tks LFkkiR; dyk dk mR"V uewuk gS] fLFkr
gS \
ukFk}kjk esa JhukFk th dh ewfrZ vkSjaxtsc ds le; dgk ls ykbZ xbZ \
jktLFkku ds og Fke 'kkld ftUgksus vdcj dh v/khurk dks Lohdkj
fd;k\
1930 ds nkd esa Hkjriqj esa jktuhfrd tkx`fr dk Js; fdldks tkrk gS\
vdcj ds uojRuksa esa jktLFkku ds dkSuls dfo Fks \
tSlyesj ds ujsk dqynsoh ds :i esa fdl nsoh dh iwtk djrs Fks \
lUr /kUuk dk tUe fdl ftys esa gqvk Fkk \
eqxy] ;wjksih; ,oa jktiwr LFkkiR; dyk dk vn~Hkqr leUo; ds fy,
esgekuokth ds fy, fufeZr **eqckjd egy** fLFkr gS \
lokbZ 'kCn dk ;ksx loZFke fdl dNokg 'kkld }kjk fd;k x;k \
fpkkSM+x< esa fot;lrEHk dk fuekZ.k fdlus djok;k \
fetkZ jktk t;flag }kjk 1665 iqjUnj ds ?ksjs ds le; dkSulk ;k=h
mifLFkr Fkk \
jktLFkku jkT; ds iquxZBu ls iwoZ loZFke lu~ 1934 esa rkez kfIr dk
LFkku gS \
jktiwrksa ds fdl oak us t;iqj fj;klr ij 'kklu fd;k Fkk \
jkteq[k ds in dks jkT;iky dk inuke fn;k x;k \
jktLFkku dk [ktqjkgks & lksesoj eafnj dgka gS -\
egkjkuh in~feuh fdldh iq=h Fkh -\
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t;iqj esa loZFke vkus okyk ejkBk Fkk \

lrh izFkk ij loZizFke izfrcU/k dgka yxk;k x;k Fkk \
jk.kk lkaxk dh lekf/k \
rSewjyax us fdl fdys ds ckjs esa dgk gS fd **eSus lkefjd n`f"V ls bruk
etcwr vkSj lqjf{kr fdyk Hkkjr esa dgha ugha ns[kkA** -\
Hkkjrh; tutkfr;ka uked iqLrd ds ys[kd gSa \
Hkkjr esa ftl egkdfo dks Hkhy ekuk tkrk gS ]og gS \
egkjktk jktflag us lu~ 1662 esa dkadjkSyh jsyos LVsku ds ikl >hy dk
~Page-127~
& lkezkT;oknh uhfrA

& tkykSjA
& [ksrM+h ds egkjktk
Hkksiky flag usA
& egkjk.kk rkiA
& t;iqj] fnYyh] eFkqjk]
cukjl o mTtSuA
& e/;nsk esaA
& f=iksfy;k cktkj esa
fLFkr aph ehukj t;iqj
& tks/kiqj ujsk us 1910
esa
& jkBkSM+ esM+rk
& Hkkux<+A
& oànkou ds trhiqjk lsA
& jko HkkjeyA
& Jh fdkuyky tkskh
dksA
& vcqy Qty@QSthA
& Lokafx;k nsohA
& VksadA
& t;iqj esaA
& t;flag f}rh;A
& jk.kk dqEHkk usA
& cfuZ;jA
& dqjkM+k ijcrlj
rglhy
& dNokgkA
& 1956 esaA
& fdjkMw&ckMesjA
& flagy}hi ds jktk
xkso/kZu dhA
& ckthjkoA
& cwnh esaA
& ek.Myx<+ HkhyokM+k
& HkVusjA
& mizsrhA
& okYehfdA
& jktlaeUnA
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fuek.kZ djok;k Fkk ] og gS \

mn;iqj uxj dh LFkkiuk fdlus dh \
t;iqj dks loZizFke jsylsok ls tksM+us okyk 'kkld Fkk\
gYnh?kkVh dk ;q) egkjk.kk izrki o vdcj ds e/; dc gqvk \
fdl gw.k jktk us 503 bZ- esa xqIr jktkvksa ls jktLFkku Nhudj viuk
vkf/kiR; tek;k-\
jkT; ljdkj ds }kjk izdkfkr iqLrd dkSulh gS]ftlesa jktLFkku ds
Lora=rk lsukfu;ksa dh dhfrZ xkFkk,a gS \
1518 bZ- esa jk.kk lkaxk o bczkfge yksnh ds chp [kkrsyh dk ;q) gqvk FkkA
[kkrsyh jktLFkku ds fdl ftys esa fLFkr gS -\
vaxzstksa ls laf/k djus okyk vfUre jkT; Fkk \
vtesj esa Lonskh vkUnksyu dks xfr fdlus iznku dh \
vdcj dh efLtn fLFkr gS \
eqxy cknkkg ds fy, esaokM+ dk izosk }kj Fkk \
uhewp.kk gR;kdk.M dc gqvk \
gYnh?kkVh iqjLdkj fdl {ks= ds fy, fn;k tkrk gS \
ekjokM+ ds 'kkld vejflag jkBkSM+ o chdkusj 'kkld d.kZflsg ds e/;
erhjs dks ysdj gqvk ;q) dgyk;k \
ekjokM+ dk izrki dgykrk gS \
lsuk ds tokuksa esa J)s; nsoh ftls Fkkj dh os".kksa nsoh Hkh dgk tkrk gS]
og gS\
rqtqds ckcjh iqLrd esa fdl 'kgj dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gS \
f=dqV igkM+h fLFkr gS \
lh- oh- jeu us Island of Glory fdl uxj dks dgk \
dyhyk&neuk dkSu gS \
**:ikth o dìkth** uked fdlku usrkvksa dk laca/k fdl vkUnksyu ls gS
\
gjM+k lEesyu dk v/;{k Fkk \
eqxy&jktiwr fe=rk dk Jhx.ksk fd;k Fkk \
izfl) HkDr dof;=h ehjka ds ifr dk D;k uke Fkk \
fou; fodkl egy fLFkr gS \
xHkZ xqatu rksi gS \
rkjkx<+ nqxZ ds egy \
t;iqj dk t;egy iSysl fdl ckx esa gS -\
ohj&fouksn iqLrd esa fdl 'kgj dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gS \
xtuh [kka rksi fdl fdys esa gS \
7 oha 'krkCnh ds iq";Hkwfr oak ds jktk g"kZo/kZu ds ckjs esa tkudkljh fdl
xzaFk las feyrh gS \
jkT; esa rkEcs ds flDds fdlus pyk;s \
lkyflag dh gosyh rFkk iVoksa dh gosyh dgk fLFkr gS&
t;iqj dh LFkkiuk dc gqbZ&
~Page-128~
& jk.kk mn;flag us

& ek/kksfa lag f}rh;A
& 18 twu 1576
& rksjek.kA
& nsk ds nhokusA
& cwnhA
& fljksghA
& ';ke d`".k oekZ us A
& vkesjA
& xkxjksu >kykokM+
& 1925 vyoj esaA
& i=dkfjrkA
& erhjs dh jkM+A
& jko pUnz lsuA
& ruksfV;k nsoh]
ruksV&tSlyesjA
& /kksyiqjA
& tSlyesjA
& t;iqj dksA
& eSokM+ 'kSyh dh dgkuh
ds nks ik=ksa ds ukeA
& cSaxwA
& txrflag 1734
& vdcj usA
& jktdqekj Hkkstjkt
& vyojA
& rkjkx<+ nqxZ esaA
& fp=k egy] dskj ckx]
ckny egy] Qwy egy]
lq[kfuoklA
& ukjk.kh ds ckx esa
& mn;iqjA
& esgjkux<+A
& g"kZpfjr] lh&;w&dhA
& eks- rqxyd usA
& tSlyesajA
& 1727 bZ- esaA
439
440
fdjkMw eafnj dgkW fLFkr gS&

jktLFkku dk usg: fdls dgk tkrk gS&
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djkSyh dk izkphu uke Fkk&

tks/kiqj dk izkphu uke Fkk \
Mwxjiqj fLFkr ukSy[kk ckoM+h 1586 fdlus cuokbZ \
jkM jkWd fdl >hy ds fdukjs gS&
og >hy ftlesa laxejej ds 12 njokts gSa \
dey ds Qwy dk ckx jkT; esa dgk fLFkr gS \
>kM+kkgh flDds fdl jkT; ls lEcfU/kr Fks \
jDr dh rykbZ jkrk[ksr uke ls fl) LFkku gS \
f}osj ds ;q) dks *esokM+ dk esjkFku* fdlus dgk \
fdlsh v/;{rk esa 'ks[kkokVh fdlku vkUnksyu esa 10]000 ls vf/kd tkV
efgykvksa us dVjkFky esa 25 vSy 1934 dks Hkkx fy;k \
jktLFkku dh fl) ued >hy lkaHkj dk fuek.kZ fdl pkSgkuoakh 'kkld
us djok;k \
xkxjksu fdyk fdl unh ds fdukjs fLFkr gS& \
ehajkckbZ dk tUe LFkku gS \
yksd vnkyr fdl U;k;k/khk dh nsu gS \
jktLFkku ds nqxksZa esa nqxkZf/kjkt fdls dgk tkrk gS \
fpidks vkUnksyu ds tUenkrk gS \
egkjk.kk rki ds rhu lwjek ljnkjksa esa ,d eqlyeku Fkk] mldk uke
Fkk
v<kbZ fnu dk >ksaiM+k fdlus fufeZk djk;k \
1857 ds fonzksg ds nkSjku estj cVZu dk lj dkV dj 'kgj esa ?kqek;k
x;k] bl 'kgj dk uke Fkk \
lu~ 1929 esa ok;q ifjogu ds fodkl esa Fke ;kl fdlus fd;k
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v<+kbZ fnu dk >ksaiM+k efLtn esa ;qDr Lrj [kaMksa esa fdl ukVd ds
vak Vafdr gS \
t;iqj uxj dh LFkkiuk dh 250 oha o"kZxkB eukbZ xbZ Fkh \
lokbZ jkeflag us jktLFkku Ldwy vkWQ vkVZl~ dh LFkkiuk fdl o"kZ esa dh
\
jktLFkkuh fopkj/kkjk dh fp=dyk dk vkjfEHkd eq[; dsUnz Fkk \
jktLFkku LFkkiR; dyk dk tud fdls dgk tkrk gS \
Hkkjr dk lcls cM+k fkykys[k gS \
xkxjksu dk ;q) dc o fduds e/; gqvk \
tlukFkh lank; dh mRifk fdl fj;klr es gqbZ \
fdl T;ksfrf"k dh rkfydk ds vk/kkj ij lokbZ t;flag us t;iqj esa
os/kkkyk dk fuekZ.k djk;k\ \
vkesj egy fLFkr gS& \
mn;iqj ds egyksa dh HkO;rk ns[k fdl bfrgkldkj us bls jktLFkku dk
~Page-129~
& ckMesjA
& ia0 tqxy fdkksj
prqosZnh dksA
& xksiky ikyA
& e:HkwfeA
& jkuh heynsoh usA
& uDdh >hyA
& vkuklkxj >hyA
& /kksyiqjA
& vkesj&t;iqjA
& Nkiyh fnosj
& duZy tsEl VkWM usA
& fdkksjh nsohA
& oklqnsoA
& dkyh fla/kA
& dqdhZ&ukxkSjA
& Hkxorh lknA
& j.kFkEHkkSj nqxZA
& ,l-,y- cgqxq.kkA
&gdh [kk lwjhA
& dqrqcqhu ,scd usA
& dksVkA
& tks/kiqj ds egkjktk
mEesn flag us ,d ykbax
Dyc [kksydjA
& gfjdsyhA
& 1979 bZ- esaA
& 1859 bZ esAa
& cwnhA
& egkjk.kk dqEHkk dksA
& jkt izkfLrA
& 1519 esa jk.kk lkaxk o
egewn f[kyth ds e/;
& chdkusjA
& tksfo;j fMflYokA
t;iqj esaA
& QD;Zlu usA
472
473
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*foaMlj egy* dgk& -\

*ewlh egkjk.kh * dh Nrjh dgka fLFkr gS& \
vaxzstks }kjk nh xbZ *jk; cgknwj* dh mik/kh okil fdlus yksVk nh&\
*ohj Hkkjr lHkk * dh LFkkiuk dc o fdlus dh&-\
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486
*Hkhyksa ds eksrhckck * ds uke ls fo[;kr gS& -\

rksi <kyus dk dkj[kkuk vFkok dk;Z fdl nqxZ esa fd;k tkrk gS& \
ukgjx<+ fdyk fLFkr gS& -\
vaxzstksa ds lkFk laf/k djus okyh izFke fj;klr \
jk.kk lkaxk dh Lekf/k LFky fdl LFkku ij gS \
egkjk.kk dqEHkk ds miuke \
vk/kqfud Hkkjr dk HkkxhjFk dgykrk gS \
jkT; esa lgdkfjrk vkUnksyu dh 'kq:vkr dc gqbZ \
cM+s ihj dh njxkg fLFkr gS \
vkYgk ny dgka iSnk gq, Fks \
dqEHkyx<+ fdyk fdl ftys esa fLFkr gS \
fdlus t;iqj dks xqykch jax ls jaxok;k \
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fetkZ jktk t;flag dks fetkZ jktk dh mik/kh fdlus nh \

ekjokM+ dk 'kkgtgkW ]vk/kqfud ekjokM+ dk fuekZrk ftlus mEesn m|ku
cuok;k \
nknh cksgjk leqnk; dk izeq[k dsUnz jktLFkku ds fdl ftys esa gS --\
esokM+ dk og 'kkld ftlus loZizFke eqxyksa dh v/khurk Lohdkj dj yh
\
>kyh jkuh dk ekfy;k egy fdl nqxZ esa fLFkr gS \
jktLFkku esa R;kx izFkk dk lacU/k fdl oxZ ds lekt ls Fkk \
dj.khekrk dk cpiu dk uke \
vk/kqfud ekjokM+ dk fuekZrk] mEesn Hkou dk laLFkkid] ekjokM+ dk
'kkgtgkW dgykrk gS
\
NksVh ekth dk fdyk fLFkr gS \
fiiy ds o`{k ,oa i'kq&if{k;ksa esa eksj] eNyh ds leku o eknd us=ksa
;qDr rFkk dej rd QSys dsk fdl 'kSyh dh foks"krk gS \
V[ke.k&20 D;k gS \
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499
500
501
502
503
iaNhM+k D;k gS \
xq.khtu [kku ckblh fdlds njckj esa Fkh \
m"kk efLtn dgka fLFkr gS \
t;iqj ds 'kkldksa dks lokbZ dh mik/kh fdlus nh \
ekjokM+ dh iUuk/kk; -\
lokbZ Hkkst eafnj fLFkr gS \
504
505
506
[ksrM+h egy dgk fLFkr gS&-\

og egy tgka Lokeh n;kuUn ljLorh us lR;kFkZ izdkk dh jpuk dh \
bZljykV fLFkr gS \
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~Page-130~
& vyoj nqxZ ds iklA

& teuyky ctktA
& 1910 esa dsljhflag
ckgjB usA
& eksrhyky rstkorA
& t;x<+ nqxZA
& t;iqj esaA
& djksyhA
& ekaMyx<+ nqxZ HkhyokM+k
& jktxq:@nkuxq:A
& egkjktk xaxkflagA
& 1904 vtesj esaA
& ukxkSjA
& egksckA
& jktlaeUnA
& jkeflag us]vycVZ fizal
ds vkus ijA
& 'kkgtgka usA
& mEesn flag usA
& ckalokM+kA
& vejflagA
& fpkkSM+ nqxZ esaA
& {ksf=;A
& fjf)ckbZA
& egkjktk mEesnflag &
tks/kiqjA
& izrkix<+ esaA
& t;iqj 'kSyh dhA
& fp=dyk lacfU/kr ,d
laLFkkA
& ekkjokM+ dk yksd xhrA
& lokbZ izrki flagA
& c;kuk Hkjriqj
& vkSjaxtsc usA
& xkSjk /kk; tkS/kiqj
& HkhyokM+k xqtZjksa dk
rhFkZ LFky
& >qU>quw
& uoy[kk egy
& t;iqj esaA
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510
511
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513
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516
lw;ZeYy feJ.k dk lacU) fdl jkT; ls Fkk -\

xerk xkth dk lacU/k gS \
rksgu nqxZ fLFkr gS \
gYnh?kkVh ds ;q) esa vdcj ds lsukifr Fks -\
HkhyokM+k ftys esa ftl lEnk; dh ihB fLFkr gS \
jktLFkku esa R;kx Fkk dk fdl oxZ ds lekt ls Fkk \
lar ihik dh xqQk dgka gS \
jke lk ihj ds uke ls fl) lUr dk lgh uke D;k gS \
jkxekyk dk fp=dkj dkSu Fkk \
f=us= x.ksk th dk efUnj rFkk tksxh egy fLFkr gS \
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518
519
jktLFkku esa lkEnkf;d ln~Hkko dk lcls cM+k esyk dkSulk gS -\

vtesj esa fprh flyflys dh uhao j[kh xbZ mlls lEcfU/kr O;fDr Fks \
Hkkjrh; /keZkkL=ksa esa 5 eq[k rhFkZa lokZf/kd ifo= ekus x;s gS] os gSa &
520
521
522
bZLVj dk ioZ fdlds iqutZUe ds miy{; esa euk;k tkrk gS &

jktLFkku esa fla/kq?kkVh lH;rk ds voks"k dgka ls kIr gq, gS &
iq"dj esa czk eafnj ds vfrfjDr jktLFkku esa gh czk th dk nwljk
eafnj dgka gS &
chdkusj ds jkBkSjka jh [;kr ds ys[kd Fks &
og lEnk; ftldk ewy ea= *Jh ".k 'kj.ke~ xe% * gS &
esokM+ ds exjk {ks= ds Hkhyksa ds *dkykth* gS &
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Jh pj.knkl th us fdrus xzaFkksa dh jpuk dh & -i;kZoj.k oSKkfud ds uke ls fdl yksd lar dks tkuk tkrk gS &
jktLFkku esa ekm.V vkcw fLFkr fnyokM+k efUnj fo[;kr gS &
fdl 'kkld ds dky esa fdkux<+ fp=dyk 'kSyh vius pje lhek ij Fkh
\
lw;ZeYy feJ.k fk[kj iqjLdkj fdlds }kjk fn;k tkrk gS -\
jktLFkku esa ckS) laLfr ds voks"k dgka feys gS \
v.kqozr vkUnksyu ds orZd gS \
eks;Z lH;rk ds ek.k fdl LFkku ij miyC/k gS \
dkyhcaxk fLFkr gS \
jktLFkkuh Hkk"kk ds Hkh"e firkeg dgykrs gS \
ukFk lEnk; dh xh fLFkr gS \
fdl iqjkrkfRod LFky esa tqrs gq, [ksr dk lk{; kIr gqvk gS -\
jktLFkku esa cka/k laLfr ds voks"k dgka feys gS \
dkyhcaxk lH;rk dks loZFke dkk esa ykus dk Js; fn;k tk ldrk gS
\
jkT; dk og LFkku tgk iqjkrRo foHkkx }kjk gM+Iik ds ledkyhu lH;rk
ds 'kSy fp= [kksts x;s gSa \
jktLFkku ds fdl ftys esa rkezik"kk.k ;qxhu voks"k feys gS \
~Page-131~
& cwnh lsA

& tks/kiqj lsA
& dkadjksyhA
& ekuflagA
& jkekuqt lEnk; dh A
& {ksf=;A
& VksMk esaA
& ckck jkensoA
& ul:huA
& j.kFkEHkkSj jk"Vh; m|ku
esaA
& ckck jkensoth dk esykA
& eksbuqhu fprhA
& dq:{ks=] x;k] xaxk]
;kx vkSj iq"djA
& bZlk elhgA
& dkyhcaxk ,oa jaxegyA
& vklksrjkA
& n;kynklA
& oYyHkA
& dslfj;kukFk] _"kHknso
vkSj vkfnukFk tSu /keZ ds
Fke rhFkZadjA
& 14
& tkEHkksth dksA
& tSu efUnj esa dyk gsrqA
& jktk ukxjhnklA
& jktLFkkuh Hkk"kk lkfgR;
,oa laLfr vdkneh }kjkA
& cSjkB t;iqj
& vkpk;Z Jh rqylh thA
& cSjkBA
& guqekux<+A
& dUgS;kyky lsfB;k A
& drfj;klj&chdkusjA
& dkyhcaxkA
& cSjkBA
& veykuUn ?kks"kA
& pq:A
& lhdjA
542
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546
fouksbZ lEiznk; ds laLFkkid Fks -\

lkr lgsfy;ksa dk eafnj&ineukFk eafnj dgka gS \
jsfxLrku esa fufeZr nqxZ dks dgk x;k gS \
ikoZukFk pfj= ds jpf;rk gS \
Indian Music uked iqLrd *jkseu&vkaxyk* Hkk"kk esa fdlus fy[kh \
547
548
fdl fp= 'kSyh esa ihyk jax iz/kku jgk \

fdl i'kq dh vkfr ]tks eksgj ij feyh] ftlls ;g Kku gksrk gS fd
fla/kq ?kkVh o eslksiksVkfe;ka dh lH;rkvksa ds e/; O;kikfjd lacU/k Fks \
dyk izse vkSj HkfDr dk lkeatL; fdl fp= 'kSyh esa ik;k tkrk gS \
cqanh ds izfl) dfo lw;ZeYy feJ.k dk tUe gqvk \
jfld&jRukoyh ds ys[kd dkSu Fks \
fouksbZ lank; ds oZrd xq: tkEHksoj ls lacaf/kr LFkku gS \
fdl fp=dyk 'kSyh ij eqxy izHkko vf/kd gS \
cSjkB dk izkphu xzUFkksa esa tks uke feyrk gS ]og gS \
esokuxj ds tSu rhFkZ ds uke ls tkus tkus okyk rhFkZ LFky \
udksM+k ds eq[; eafnj esa rsblosa tSu rhFkZdj Hkxoku ikoZukFk dh izfrek
gSA
fdjkM+w dh LFkkiR; dyk fdl 'kSyh dh gS \
vjch&Qkjlh 'kks/k laLFkku dgk gS \
lar /kUuk fdl ftys ls lEcfU/kr gS \
jktLFkku ds Fke egkjkt eq[k dkSu Fks \
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xksMokM] fljksgh] vkcw] esokM+] o xqtjkr esa tSu /keZ ds ,d rhFkZadj ds

thoUr Lokeh Lo:i dh ifjpk;d ewfrZ;ka lokZf/kd la[;k esa fufeZr gqbZ gS
];g thoUr Lokeh gSa rhFkZadj \
vfHkys[kksa ds vk/kkj ij jktLFkku esa 8 oha ls 12 oha 'krkCnh ds e/; fdl
nso dh loksZPp :i ls iwtk dh tkrh Fkh \
jktiwrkuk ds fdl LFkku ij vykmhu f[kyth dks dBksj la?k"kZ djuk
iM+k\
chdkusj ds jk;flag us nks eqxy cknkkgksa dh lsok dh ] os Fks & \
jktLFkku dk lcls iqjkuk fdyk dkSulk gS \
1857 dh kafr esa vaxzstks o tks/kiqj dh la;qDr lsuk dks ijkftr djus
okyk Fkk \
ekgwj *foeyolgh* o *yw.kolgh* eafnj dgka gS \
t;ey& Qkk dkSu Fks \
vdcj us jk.kk rki dks le>kus ds fy, fdldks loZFke nwr ds :i esa
Hkstk \
ukdksM+k gS ],d & \
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eqg.kksr uS.klh us frgkjksa dh fdruh 'kk[kkvksa dk o.kZu fd;k gS \

gfjdsyh ukVd ds jfp;rk dkSu Fks -\
uS.klh jh [;kr fdl Hkk"kk esa fy[kh xbZ gS \
,ukyl ,.M ,.VhD;VqfVl vkWQ jktLFkku ds ys[kd gS -\
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~Page-132~
& tkaHkksthA
& >kykokM
& /kUou nqxZA
& Jh/kj tSuA
cS.M ekLVj fo}ku fofy;e
tsEl chdkusj
& chdkusjA
& cSyA
& fdkux<+ 'kSyhA
& gj.kk xko &cwanhA
& ukxjhnklA
& eqdkeA
& vkesj 'kSyhA
& fojkVuxjA
& udksM+k&ckMesjA
& Hkkjrh; ukxj 'kSyhA

& VksadA
& VksadA
& mn;iqj ds egkjk.kk
Hkwiky flagA
& egkohj LokehA
& fkoA
& fpkkSM+x<+] j.kFkEHkkSj]
flokukA
& vdcj vkSj tgkxhjA
& tSlyesj 1155 bZ-
& vkmok ds Bkdqj dqkky
flagA
& nSyokM+kA
& mn;flag ds lsukuk;dA
& tyky [kkA
& /kkfeZd dsUnz tSfu;ksa dk
rhFkZaLFky
& 26
& foxzgjkt prqFkZ
& jktLFkkuhA
& tSEl VkWMA
582
izR;{k thoukkL= ds ys[kd gS \

vkksd dk vfHkys[k jktLFkku esa dgka fLFkr gS \
vfHkuo Hkkjr dh LFkkiuk fdlus dh \
oak HkkLdj iqLrd esa fdl 'kgj dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gS -\
jk"Vh; izfl) *xkhr &xksfoUn * fp= fdl 'kSyh dk gS& \
*jkew p.kuk ]<ksy Hkt.k rFkk HkDr eksjgot ds ukVddkj dkSu Fks\ \
ia0 Hkjr O;kl dk igyk ukVd *jaxhyk ekjokM+* dk eapu dksydkk ds
fdl fFk;Vj esa eafpr fd;k x;k \
cq) dkk* dh mik/kh fdls kIr Fkh &
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*jkx eTjh* ds jpf;rk dkSu Fks \

og 'kkld tks bfrgkldkj] okLrqdkj o oSKkfud Hkh Fkk \
fdl 'kSyh esa pknh o eksrh;ksa dk ;ksx gqvk gS \
i'kq&if{k;ksa dks egko nsus okys *Ldwy vkWQ isfUVax* dk uke gS \
fiNokbZ dykfr;ksa esa cus fp= m)r fd;s x;s gS \
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jktLFkku esa dkfkr loZFke lkIrkfgd lekpkj&i= Fkk \

e`nqyk xxZ gS \
590
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jktLFkku dh cksfy;ksa dk oSKkfud v/;;u djus okyk fo}ku Fkk\

jktLFkkuh Hkk"kk dk mRifk dky gSa\
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ckxM+h cksyh izpfyr gSa\

esokrh cksyh fdl ftys esa cksyh tkrh gSWa\
<wa<kM+h cksyh dgka cksyh tkrh gSa\
dkSulh cksyh if'peh fgUnh ,oa jktLFkkuh ds chp leUo; dk dk;Z
djrh gSa\
*jktLFkku dh e#Hkk"kk* dgykrh gSa\
t;flag lwjh ys[kd Fksa\
*chdkusj ds jkBkSjka jh [;kr* ds ys[kd Fksa\
1733 bZ- esa *tht eqgEen'kkgh* iqLrd tks u{k=ksa laca/kh Kku ls lacaf/kr
gS] ds ys[kd gSa\
*psrkouh jk pwaxfV;k* uked jpuk fdl kafrdkjh }kjk jfpr dh xbZ\
MkW- ,y- VSWLlhVksjh lEcfU/kr gSa\
jktLFkkuh fgUnh laf{kIr 'kCndksl ds laiknd gSa\
Jh ljLorh iqLrdky;] tks vyH; ,oa nqyZHk lkfgR; dk vizfre [ktkuk
gS] fLFkr gSa
f'k'kqiky o/ke~ laLd`r egkdkO; ds jpf;rk egkdfo ek?k dk fuokl
LFkku Fkk\
tkxrh tksr if=dk dk izdk'ku fd;k tkrk gSa\
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ysfVusaV duZy tsEl VkWM }kjk fyf[kr ,suyl ,aM ,afVfDoVht vkWQ
jktLFkku iqLrd esa VkWM us bldk nwljk uke fn;k gSa\
fxj/kj vkfl;ka }kjk fyf[kr fMaxy Hkk"kk dk xzaFk gSa
ohj lrlbZ ds ys[kd gSa\
~Page-133~
& ghjkyky 'kkL=hA

& fojkVuxjA
& ohj lkojdj usA
& cwnhA
& esaokM+ 'kSyhA
& ia0 Hkjr O;klA
& vYs A
& pkn [kk fr& Loj
lkxj
& iq.Mjhd foyA
& t;flag f}rh;A
& <wa<kM+ 'kSyhA
& cwnh 'kSyhA
& Hkxoku ".k ds thou
ls A
& lTtu dhfrZ lq/kkdjA
& fgUnh dh [;kr
ysf[kdk miU;kl daB
xqykc
& th- ,l- fxz;lZu
& 12 oha 'krkCnh dk vaafre
pj.k
& ckalokM+k&Mwaxjiqj esa
& vyoj
& t;iqj] nkSlk] Vksad
& esokrh
& ekjokM+h
& gEehjenenZu
& n;kynkl
& t;iqj ds lokbZ t;flag
& dsljh flag ckjgB
& pkj.k lkfgR; ls
& ine~ Jh lhrkjke ykyl
& Qrsgiqj lhdj esa
& Hkhueky
& jktLFkkuh Hkk"kk] lkfgR;
,oa laLd`fr vdkneh }kjk
& n lsaVy ,aM oslVuZ
jktiwr LVsVl vkWQ bafM;k
& lxrflag jklks
& lw;ZeYy feJ.k
609
610
611
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dkSulh uxjh egkdfo ek?k dh uxjh ds rkSj ij lkekU;r% ekuh tkrh

gSa\
gEehj jklks o gEehj dkO; ds jpukdkj gSa\
gEehj egkdkO; esa pkSgkuksa dks crk;k x;k gSa\
'kkL=h; laxhr ij izfl) *jk/kk xksfoUn laxhr lkj* ds jpf;rk gSa\
jfld jRukoyh ds ys[kd dkSu Fksa\
jkx ekyk ,oa jkx eatjh ds jpf;rk gSa\
jktLFkkuh 'kCndks"k dk fuekZ.k fdlus fd;k\
eaMu }kjk jfpr okLrqdyk ds ftl xzaFk esa eqfrZdyk dh tkudkjh feyrh
gSa] og xzUFk gSa\
oa'k HkkLdj ds jpf;rk gSa\
*vkbus&vdcjh* ds jpf;rk dkSu gSa\
*jkx dYinzqe* ds jpf;rk gSa
n;ky nkl jh [;kr esa fdl fj;klr ds 'kkldksa dk o.kZu gSa
*/kjrh /kksajk jh* jktLFkkuh dfork ds ys[kd gSa\
uS.klh jh [;kr fdl Hkk"kk esa fy[kh xbZ gSa\
jpuk *ikFky vkSj ihFky* ds jpukdkj gSa\
vdcj ds uojRuksa esa jktLFkku ds dkSuls dfo 'kkfey gSa\
fgUnh ds ,d jktnjckjh dfo dh ka`xkj jl dh izfl) d`fr gSa\
jktLFkku esa tUesa izfl) laLd`r dfo Fksa\
gfjdsyh ukVd ds jpf;rk dkSu Fks\
jk/kk xksfoUn laxhr 'kkL= dh jpuk fdlus dh\
t;iqj ]vyoj dh 'kSyh fdl jax dh gS \
tks/kiqj] chdkusj dh 'kSyh fdl jax dh gS \
mn;iqj dh 'kSyh fdl jax dh gS \
dksVk dh 'kSyh fdl jax dh gS -\
fxj/kj vkfl;ka }kjk fyf[kr fMaxy Hkk"kk dk xzUFk gS \
jktLFkkuh lkfgR; dh eq[k 'kSfy;ka gS \
fMaxy 'kCn dk ;ksx dc o fdlus fd;k \
c.kh&B.kh fpf=r xzUFk fdl fp=dkj dk gS \
jktLFkkuh fp=dyk dk mn~Hko LFky dkSulk gS \
10 oha o 15 oha 'krkCnh rd jktLFkku esa pfyr fp=dyk 'kSyh Fkh \
jktLFkkuh o/kq ds fp= ds lkFk dc Mkd fVdV tkjh fd;k x;k \
jktLFkku ds fdl u`R; ij 30 vSy 1991 esa dsUnzh; Mkd fVdV tkjh
fd;k x;k \
egkdfo lw;ZeYy feJ.k ds ukefp= ds lkFk dc Mkd fVdV tkjh
fd;k x;k \
jktLFkku lkfgR; vdkneh mn;qij }kjk fn;k tkus okyk loksZPp iqjLdkj
gS \
jkx dYinzqe ds jpf;rk gS \
duZy VkWM dh fdl iqLrd esa pUnzkorh dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gS\
~Page-134~
& Hkhueky
& lkjsxnso 'kkjax/kj
& lw;Zoa'kh
& nsof"kZ Hk cztiky
& ujgfjnkl
& iq.Mfjd foy
& lhrkjke ykyl us
& :i e.Mu
& lw;ZeYy feJ.k
& vcqy Qty
& d`".kkuUn O;kl
& chdkusj
& dUgS;kyky lsfB;k
& jktLFkkuha
& dUgS;kyky lsfB;k
& vcqy Qty
& lrlbZ
& dkfynkl
& foxzgjkt prqFkZ
& lokbZ izrki flag us
& gjkA
& ihykA
& ykyA
& uhykA
& lxr jklksA
& fMaxy vkSj fiaxyA
& fo-l-1871 esa vkfla;k
ckdhnkl us viuh jpuk
dqdfocrhlh esaA
& fugkypUnA
& eSokM+A
& vtUrkA
& 7 Qjojh 1983 dksA
& xjkfl;k u`R; ijA
& 19 vDVwcj 1990 dksA
& ehjkA
& ".kkuUn O;klA
& VsoYl bu osLVuZ
bafM;kA
645
jktLFkkuh cksfy;ksa dk loZizFke o.kZu fd;k \
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
*/keZ;q)* ,oa *cksy Egkjh eNyh fdruks ik.kh* ukVd ds ys[kd & \
jkT; ds izFke x| fuekZrk ,oa i=dkj gS \
lkfgR; lksfo;ks dh rhFkZ LFkyh \
jaxhyks ekjokM+ fdldh jpuk gS \
izfl) mnwZ dfo ftlus d`".k Hkxoku dk xq.kxku fd;k \
jktLFkku ds j.kckadqjs* iqLrd ds ys[kd \
lu~ 1954 esa izdkfkr jktLFkkuh O;kdj.k ds ys[kd dkSu gS\\
jktLFkku dk lcls iqjkuk fgUnh nSfud lkekpkj&i= dkSulk gS \-jfld f;k D;k gS \
655
[;kr gS ,d &
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
jktLFkku esa [kkjs ikuh dh >hys esa lkxj ds vo'ks"k gSa\

if'peh jsfxLrku dh lcls yEch unh gS\
fo'o dh lcls kphu ofyr ioZrekyk gS\
vjkoyh dh lcls ph NksVh
jktLFkku esa vjkoyh mkj iwoZ esa fdl ftys esa os'k djrh gS&
jktLFkku dk vknZzre ftyk dksulk gS
jktLFkku esa pyus okyh 'kq"d vkSj /kwyHkjh gok,a dgykrh gS&
jktLFkku dk lcls 'kq"d LFkku dksulk gS
jktLFkku esa Mwaxjiqj vkSj ckalokMk dks i`Fkd djus okyh unh gS &
jktLFkku esa cka/k cjsBk cka/k dgk fLFkr gS
pwfy;k kIr fdl unh ij fLFkr gS
ywuh unh dk mnxe LFky dgk gSjktLFkku esa fdl ftys esa lcls T;knk ou ik, tkrs gSjsfxLrku oujksi.k vkSj Hkw laj{k.k dsa dgk fLFkr gS[kuu {ks= esa gksus okyh vk; dh f"V ls jktLFkku dk ns'k esa dksulk
LFkku gS \jktLFkku esa esxuht grq dk lcls cM+k mRiknd ftyk dksulk gS \ns'k dh ,dek= VaxLVu dh [kku jkT; esa dgk fLFkr gS \jktLFkku dk lcls vf/kd QsYlikj fdl ftys ls kIr fd;k tkrk gS \ekaMks dh iky Mwaxjiqj fdl [kfut ds fy, fl) gS \>kej dksVMk {ks= fdl ftys esa fLFkr gS \jktLFkku dk lcls cM+k ftIle dk teko dgk feyrk gS \jktLFkku esa ghjs ds HkaMkjksa dh [kkst dgk gqbZ \jktLFkku esa csUVksukbV ds HkaMkj dgk fLFkr gS \lksuw tSlyesj fdl [kfut ds fy, fl) gS \fdl {ks= esa ihyk bekjrh iRFkj feyrs gS \-
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
~Page-135~
& tkWtZ fxz;lu us 1912 esa

fyaxfoLVd losZ vkWQ
bafM;k xzUFk esa
& vtqZu nso pkj.ktks/kiqj
& yTtkjke 'kekZA
& dljs&bye dkA
& Hkjr O;kl dhA
& jl[kkuA
& jktsUnz flag jkBksM+A
& ine~ Jh lhrkjke ykyl
& uoT;ksfrA
& t;nso }kjk jfpr
xhr&xksfoUn ij jfpr
VhdkA
& x| fo|k e/;kdkyhu
jktLFkkuh lkfgR; dk
bfrgkl o`rkar
& VsfFkl lkxj
& cukl unh
& foU/; ioZrekyk
& xq#fk[kj
>qa>quw
& >kykokM
& yw
& Qyksnh
ekgh unh
& Hkjriqj
& pEcy
& vkuk lkxj
& mn;iqj
& tks/kiqj
& vkBoka
& ckalokMk
& Msxkuk ukxkSj
& vtesj
& QyksjkbV
& mn;iqj
& tkelj chdkusj
& dsljiqjk fpkksMx<]
& >kykokM
& pwuk iRFkj
& tSlyesj
681
695
lokZf/kd fo; ewY; vftZr djus okyk jktLFkku dk [kfut dksulk gS

\jktLFkku esa lhls dh lcls cM+h [kku dgk fLFkr gS \jktLFkku esa dkyk iRFkj cgqrk;r esa dgk ik;k tkrk gS \ns'k dk fdruk fr'kr ,LcsLVl jktLFkku dh [kkuksa ls kIr gksrk gS \xkusZV lokZf/kd dgk ik;k tkrk gS \vksslu yM dh 'kq#vkr dc dh x;h \e#LFky fodkl dk;Ze dc 'kq: fd;k x;k \Lo.kZ t;arh xzke Lojkstxkj ;kstuk esa fdruh ;kstukvksa dk lekos'k dj
fn;k x;k gS \euujsxk dh 'kq#vkr dc gqbZ \e/;kUg Hkkstu ;kstuk dh 'kq#vkr dc gqbZ \Mkax knsf'kd fodkl cksMZ dk dk;Z{ks= dksulk gS \fdl ;kstuk ds }kjk y?kq vkSj lhekar dlkuks dks flapkbZ dk;Z esa lgk;rk
nh tkrh gS \xjhch js[kk ds fu/kkZj.k gsrq xzkeh.k {ks= esa fdrus dsyksjh fr O;f
frfnu dks ekud eu x;k gS \xjhch js[kk ds fu/kkZj.k gsrq 'kgjh {ks= esa fdrus dsyksjh fr O;f
frfnu dks ekud eu x;k gS
Mh-Vh- ydMkokyk us fdl QewZys dk fuekZ.k fd;k \-
696
jktLFkku dk {ks=Qy fdruk gS \-
697
jktLFkku dh HkkSxksfyd fLFkfr \
698
jktLFkku dh yEckbZ fdruh gS \
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
jktLFkku dk {ks=Qy Hkkjr ds {ks=Qy dk fdruk fr'kr gS \&jkT; dh dqy LFkyh; lhek dh yEckbZ gS&jktLFkku dk ikfdLrku ls yxkrh lokZf/kd yEch lhek okyk ftyk
dksulk gS \
jktLFkku dh lhek fdl jkT; ls lokZf/kd yEckbZ esa yxrh gS \jktLFkku dh lhek lcls de fdl jkT; ls yxrh gS \
jktLFkku dk og ftyk ftldh lhek lokZf/kd ftyksa ls yxrh gS \
jktLFkku dh lhek ls yxs iMkSlh jkT; \-
706
707
708
709
jktLFkku
jktLFkku
jktLFkku
jktLFkku
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
ds fdl ftys esa lw;Z fdj.kksa dk frjNkiu lokZf/kd gksrk gSdk {ks=Qy btjk;y ls fdruk xquk gS \dh 1070 fdeh yEch ikfdLrku ls yxh lhek js[kk dk ukedh varjkZ"Vh; lhek ls yxus okys ftys dkSu&dkSu ls gS \-
~Page-136~
& laxejej
& tkoj
& fljksgh
& 98
& Vksad esa
& 1970 esa
1977&78
&6
& 2006 esa
1997 &98
& dksVk vkSj Hkjriqj laHkkx
& thou/kkjk ;kstuk
& 2400 dsyksjh
& 2100 dsyksjh
& fu/kZurk ekiu dk
QkewZyk
& 3]42]239 oxZ fdeh
1]32]139 oxZ ehy
& 23 30 ,oa 30 12 mkjh
v{kkal 69 30 ,oa 78 17
iwohZ ns'kkUrj ds e/;
& iwoZ ls if'pe 869 fdeh
,oa mkj ls nf{k.k 826
fdeh
10 -41 % Fke LFkku
& 5920 fdeh
& tSlyesj
& e/;ns'k
& iatkc
-& ikyh 8 ftyks ls
& blds if'pe esa
ikfdLrku] nf{k.k&if'pe
esa xqtjkr] nf{k.k&iwoZ esa
e/;ns'k] mkj esa
iatkc]mkj&iwoZ esa
mkjns'k vkSj gfj;k.kk gSA
& Jhxaxkuxj
& 17 xquk ck gS
& jsMfDyQ js[kk
& 4 ftys ckMesj]
tSlyesj] chdkusj ,oa
710
ddZ js[kk jktLFkku ds fdl ftys ls Nwrh gqbZ xqtjrh gS-
711
712
jktLFkku esa loZFke lw;ksZn; fdl ftys esa gksrk gSdkSulh ioZr Jà[kyk kfrd f"V ls jkT; dks nks Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr
djrh gSA-
713
714
vjkoyh ioZr Ja[kyk dh jktLFkku esa dqy yEckbZ fdruh gS \vjkoyh ioZr Ja[kyk dk loksZPp ioZr f'k[kj gS \-
715
716
717
jktLFkku esa laHkkxks vkSj ftyks dh la[;k \jktLFkku esa NIifu;k vdky fdl o"kZ ik \jkT; esa ekulwu o"kkZ fdl fn'kk es c<rh gS \-
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
jktLFkku esa lfnZ;ks esa o"kkZ eq[;r% gksrh gS \jktLFkku dk lcls vf/kd o"kkZ okyk LFkku dksulk gS \jktLFkku dk lcls vf/kd o"kkZ okyk ftyk dksulk gS \jktLFkku dk lcls de o"kkZ okyk ftyk dksulk gS \twu ekg esa lw;Z fdl ftys esa yEcr pedrk gSjktLFkku esa iw.kZ e:LFky okys ftysa gSamf;k iBkj fdl ftys esa fLFkr gSxksxqUnk vkSj dqEHkyx<+ ds e/; dk Hkkx dgykrk gS \jktLFkku ds iw.kZr;k ouLifr jfgr {ks=jsfxLrku esa jsr ds fo'kky ygjnkj Vhys dks D;k dgrs gSvjkoyh Js.kh dh nwljh vf/kdre pkbZ dh pksVh dkSu lh gS\jktLFkku dk lcls vf/kd vknZz ftyk dksulk gS \jktLFkku dk lcls vf/kd vknZz LFkku dksulk gS \jktLFkku dk lokZf/kd 'kq"d LFkku dksulk gS \jktLFkku dk lcls xje LFkku dksulk gS \jktLFkku dk lokZf/kd BaMk LFkku dksulk gS \jktLFkku dk lokZf/kd yw vkSj vka/kh okyk ftyk dksulk gS \jktLFkku dk lokZf/kd catj vkSj O;FkZ Hkwfe okyk ftyk dksulk gS \
jktLFkku esa feVVh dk lokZf/kd voukfydk vijnu djus okyh unh
dksulh gS \
ehBs ikuh dh ,f'k;k dh lcls cM+h >hy dksulh gS \
ywuh unh dk ty fdl LFkku ds ckn [kkjk gksrk gS \
Hkkjr dh nwljh lcls cM+h [kkjs ikuh dh >hy dksulh gS \
jktLFkku dh lcls lcls aph >hy dksulh gS \
jktLFkku dh e:xaxk vkSj thou js[kk fdls dgk tkrk gS \
ck.kxaxk jktLFkku ds fdu rhu ftyksa esa cgrh gS \
ekgh&ctkt lkxj ifj;kstuk dk QSyko fdl {ks= esa gS\
744
xSo lkxj fLFkr gS \
~Page-137~
Jhxaxkuxj
& Mwaxjiqj o clokk ls
gksdj
& /kkSyiqj
& vjkoyh ioZr Jà[kyk
fljksgh ls vyoj dh vksj
tkrh gqbZ 470 fd-eh- yEch
& 550 fdyksehVj

& xq#f'k[kj 1722 eh-
ekmaV vkcw fljksgh
& 7 laHkkx vkSj 33 ftys
& 1956 fo- l jktLFkku
& nf{k.k if'pe ls mRrj
iwoZ
& mkj if'peh gokvks ls
& ekmUV vkcw
& >kykokM
& tSlyesj
& clokk
& tSlyesj] ckMesj
& fljksgh
& HkksjkB dk iBkj
& lexo tSlyesj
& /kksjs
& lsj 1597 ehVj
& >kykokM
& ekmUV vkcw fljksgh
& Qyksnh tks/kiqj
& pw:
& ekmUV vkcw
& Jhxaxkuxj
& tSlyesj
& pEcy
& t;lean
& ckyksrjk ckMesj
& lkaHkj
& uDdh >hy
& bafnjk xk/kh ugj
& t;iqj] nkSlk ,oa Hkjriqj
& jktLFkku rFkk e/;
ns'k
& Mwaxjiqj
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
iw.kZr% jktLFkku esa cgus okyh lcls yEch unh dksulh gS \

jktLFkku dh ckjgeklh ufn;k dksulh gS \
cukl unh dk mnxe LFky gS \
Hkkjr dh ,dek= vUrokZgh unh gSa \
fgeky; ioZr dh ufn;ksa dh fo'ks"krk gS
nf{k.kh jktLFkku dh Lo.kZ js[kk fdl unh dks dgk tkrk gS \
?kfM;kyksa dh 'kj.k LFkyh fdls dgk tkrk gS \
lcls vf/kd ufn;k fdl laHkkx esa ikbZ tkrh gS \
ekaMyx<+ ds ikl dkSulh rhu ufn;k f=o.kh laxe cukrh gS \
754
chlyiqj cka/k fdl unh ij fLFkr gS
Composed & Written By:

Mohammed Islam
(M.C.A, B.Ed.)
Computer Instructor-AUR
& cukl
& pEcy vkSj ekgh
& [keuksj jktleUn
& ywuh unh
& o"kZ Hkj cgrh gS
& ekgh
& pEcy dks
& dksVk
& cukl] csMp] vkSj esuky
ufn;k
& cukl unh ij
Career Maker Institute Achrol

Director - Arun Sharma
(M.C.A)
E-mail: digitals2005@yahoo.com
Contact No-9828364309
uksV% lkekU; Kku] lkekU; foKku] lkekU; v//;u] bfrgkl ,oa Hkwxksy] lelkef;d fo"k;] jk"Vh; ,oa vUrjkZ"Vh;
fo"k;ksa ij izfrfnu rF;kRed o fooluh; tkudkjh ds lkFk ijh{kki;ksxh cgqoSdfYid izu&i= }kjk fk{kd HkrhZ ijh{kk
],l,llh] cSafdax] dydZ] iVokjh] xzke lsod] xzke lfpo rFkk lHkh izfr;ksxh ijh{kkvksa dh rS;kjh dSfj;j esdj dkWfpax
laLFkku esa mRd`"B fk{kdksa }kjk djok;h tkrh gSaA ;g uksV~l jktLFkku lkekU; Kku dsoy jktLFkku iqfyl ijh{kk ds fy,
gh rS;kj fd;s x;s gSaA vU; izfr;ksxh ijh{kk ds fy, iSVuZ o ikB~;e ds vk/kkj ij uksVl vyx ls rS;kj fd;s fd;s x;s
gSAa vr% vH;FkhZ rS;kjh gsrw laLFkku esa vkdj lEidZ djus dh dìk djsaA
~Page-138~

Rajasthan GK BY M. ISLAM.

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xr fofHkUu fr;ksxh ijh{kkvksa esa iwNs x;s izuksa lfgr

jktLFkku lkekU; Kku foks"kkad fofo/k izu

chdkusj laHkkx ds ftys % chdkusj] Jh xaxkuxj] guqekux< o pq:

e: f=dks.k ds vUrxZr vkrs gS --------------------------------------------------------------------- tks/kiqj] tSlyesj o chdkusjA

By-Mohd Islam (9413893155)

Amity University Rajasthan

xr fofHkUu fr;ksxh ijh{kkvksa esa iwNs x;s izuksa lfgr

jktLFkku lkekU; Kku foks"kkad fofo/k izu

30- iyk.kk gS ,d& ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- fyaXukbZV vk/kkfjr rki fo/kqr ifj;kstukA

By-Mohd Islam (9413893155)

Amity University Rajasthan

xr fofHkUu fr;ksxh ijh{kkvksa esa iwNs x;s izuksa lfgr

jktLFkku lkekU; Kku foks"kkad fofo/k izu

jkT; dk lokZf/kd xeZ ftyk gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- pq: 48 rkieku

By-Mohd Islam (9413893155)

Amity University Rajasthan

xr fofHkUu fr;ksxh ijh{kkvksa esa iwNs x;s izuksa lfgr

jktLFkku lkekU; Kku foks"kkad fofo/k izu

jktLFkku dk vUu Hk.Mkj dgykrk gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Jh xaxkuxj ftykA

By-Mohd Islam (9413893155)

Amity University Rajasthan

xr fofHkUu fr;ksxh ijh{kkvksa esa iwNs x;s izuksa lfgr

jktLFkku lkekU; Kku foks"kkad fofo/k izu

t;iqj laHkkx ds ftys % t;iqj] lhdj] >qa>quw ] nkSlk] vyojA

jktLFkku jkT; dh jkt/kkuh gS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- t;iqjA

By-Mohd Islam (9413893155)

Amity University Rajasthan

xr fofHkUu fr;ksxh ijh{kkvksa esa iwNs x;s izuksa lfgr

jktLFkku lkekU; Kku foks"kkad fofo/k izu

By-Mohd Islam (9413893155)

Amity University Rajasthan

xr fofHkUu fr;ksxh ijh{kkvksa esa iwNs x;s izuksa lfgr

jktLFkku lkekU; Kku foks"kkad fofo/k izu

By-Mohd Islam (9413893155)

Amity University Rajasthan

xr fofHkUu fr;ksxh ijh{kkvksa esa iwNs x;s izuksa lfgr

jktLFkku lkekU; Kku foks"kkad fofo/k izu

jkT; esa rkez uxjh ds uke ls fo[;kr uxj gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [ksrM+hA

By-Mohd Islam (9413893155)

Amity University Rajasthan

xr fofHkUu fr;ksxh ijh{kkvksa esa iwNs x;s izuksa lfgr

jktLFkku lkekU; Kku foks"kkad fofo/k izu

ek/kkslkxj ck/k fLFkr gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- nkSlk ftys esaA

By-Mohd Islam (9413893155)

Amity University Rajasthan

xr fofHkUu fr;ksxh ijh{kkvksa esa iwNs x;s izuksa lfgr

jktLFkku lkekU; Kku foks"kkad fofo/k izu

jktLFkku dk flag}kj ds uke ls fl) uxj gS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vyojA

By-Mohd Islam (9413893155)

Amity University Rajasthan

xr fofHkUu fr;ksxh ijh{kkvksa esa iwNs x;s izuksa lfgr

jktLFkku lkekU; Kku foks"kkad fofo/k izu

gjs dcwrjksa ds fy, fl) vH;kj.; gS ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- lfjLdkA

By-Mohd Islam (9413893155)

Amity University Rajasthan

xr fofHkUu fr;ksxh ijh{kkvksa esa iwNs x;s izuksa lfgr

jktLFkku lkekU; Kku foks"kkad fofo/k izu

10- tks/kiqj ftyk

lw;Z uxjh]Fkkj e:LFky dk osk }kj dgykrk gS --------------------------------------------------------------------------- tks/kiqjA

By-Mohd Islam (9413893155)

Amity University Rajasthan

xr fofHkUu fr;ksxh ijh{kkvksa esa iwNs x;s izuksa lfgr

jktLFkku lkekU; Kku foks"kkad fofo/k izu

27- jktLFkkuh dyk ,oa laLfr dk laxe LFky gS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ tks/kiqj A