Semester 4, 2012-2013

geokimia
2 SKS teori
by:
Dr. Hil. Gendoet Hartono
Senin, jam 7.30 8.20
jam 8.20 9.10

Hari/Tgl

Materi yang diajarkan

Remark

Kamis/4-3-2013

PENDAHULUAN
Berisi tentang latarbelakang, difinisi, tujuan,
pengeritian geokimia dan cabang-cabang geokimia

1x pertemuan

Kamis/11-3-2013
dan 17-3-2013

PENGERTIAN DASAR GEOKIMIA

Berisi tentang unsur, senyawa, atom dan molekul,
susunan berkala unsur-unsur, dan bumi

2x pertemuan

Kamis/24-3-2013
dan 31-3-2013

STRUKTUR DAN KOMPOSISI BUMI

Berisi tentang data kegempaan dan densitas bumi,
struktur dan komposisi bumi, klasifikasi, dan RFM
KIMIA MINERAL
Kimia mineral kelompok silikat rantai : kimia
mineral piroksin, kimia mineral amfibol

2x pertemuan

Kamis/7-4-2013

22 Apr-9
Mei 2013

Ujian Tengah Semester

T.A. 2012-2013

Grading:
20 % quizzes and task
30 % mid test
50 % final test

1x pertemuan

1x pertemuan

Pustaka Bacaan:
Geochemistry, Brownlow, A.H. (1996)
Introduction to Geochemistry, Krauskopf, K.B.
dan Bird, D.K. (1995)
An Introduction to the Rock Forming Mineral,
Deer, W.A., Howie, R.A., dan Zussman, J. (1978)
Principles of Geochemistry, Mason, B. (1958)
Majalah Ilmiah yg membahas geologi dan kimia
Geokimia, Bronto, S. (1999)

What is unique about the Earth?

Earth is a Dynamic and

Evolving Planet
changes in its surface

changes in life

Start of Sun-driven part of Rock Cycle: WEATHERING

Two forms: Mechanical fragmentation by physical process but does not
change its chemical composition
Chemical Minerals in the rock are chemical altered or changed

There
is amake
hierarchy
to the elements
Atoms
up elements.
of Geology
Elements combine to form
the natural compounds.
Natural compounds
and elements combine
to form minerals.
.

Minerals make up rocks.

Rocks make up the Earth.

Atomic Theory proposes that all matter is

composed of the atoms of about 100 different chemical
elements. It further proposes that chemical
compounds are formed by the combination of the
atoms of different chemical elements.

Elements can be arranged, based on their identifiable

properties, into the Periodic Table

O
Na Mg
K

Ca

Al

Si

Fe

Only eight elements make up over 98%

of the earths crust!

Geochemistry
Using rock compositions to understand
their origin and evolution

 Major elements (not very useful, same

information as mineralogy!)
Trace elements
Isotopes

Identifying magmatic processes

using geochemistry

Definisi:
pemerian sebaran unsur-unsur di dalam material
bumi dan alasan terhadap sebaran tersebut.
ilmu pengetahuan yg mempelajari kimia bumi
sebagai satu keseluruhan dan bagian-bagiannya.

Tujuan Geokimia:
Mengetahui penyebaran dan kelimpahan unsurunsur kimia dan isotop di dalam bagian-bagian
bumi dan formasi geologi, baik secara kualitatif
maupun kuantitatif.
Mencari aturan/prinsip yg berlaku terhadap
distribusi dan kelimpahan unsur-unsur tersebut.
Memahami kemungkinan adanya perubahanperubahan aturan distribusi dan kelimpahan
sebagai akibat evolusi bumi.

Cabang Geokimia:
Atmogeokimia, mempelajari kimia atmosfer bumi
Hidrogeokimia, mempelajari kimia air

Biokimia, mempelajari kimia makhluk hidup

Litogeokimia, mempelajari kimia litosfer bumi
Kosmogeokimia, mempelajari kimia benda-benda
luar bumi atau benda-benda luar angkasa

about 7,000oC

57million psi

Atmosphere
Ocean

Mantle
Core

Plume

Midocean
Ridge

Continental
Crust
Base of
lithosphere

Not to scale

Relationships of volcanic activity to plate tectonics.