Quantum Teleportation

Jose X. Velez
January 22, 2016

Teleportation
Science fiction movies
An object or person:
Disappears in one place (vaporized)
Reappears in another (reconstituted)

No intermediate points by the object

Almost instantaneous

What are we teleporting?

For this matter, we dont teleport the whole object
Photon, atoms, molecules...

We do teleport quantum state.

Color, hardness, (= spin)
Two facts of physics:
1. You cannot teleport matter.
2. You cannot send any information instantaneously
without there being something sent to the receptor.

How it works
Imagine (analogy by N. Gisin):
Box A: Duck made of clay.
Box B: Clay without form.
Upshot: You form a duck in box B, but Duck A loses form.

Conservation of angular momentum in the universe:

Angular momentum is:
Not created nor destroyed, but
Transferred to other particles

How it works
For now, only with photons and some atoms.
Photon A, B, and C
Photon A
Photon C
Photon B

How to teleport As quantum state to C?

The Theory
The theory:
Entangle Photon A and B.
By the Principle of Conservation of Angular
momentum, Photon C must change instantly to the
quantum state that A previously had.
Now A and B are entangled, and C assumes As
previous quantum state.
Teleportation achieved!

Problems with Measurement

(a different type)

You cannot measure the state of A alone.

This would automatically change its state.

To entangle them:
Measure the states of both A and B. Why?

Once this is done, teleportation instantly

occurs.

Can we teleport large objects?

In theory maybe, but in reality not yet:
Enormous amount of entanglement.
Sizes such as 1028 times bigger than what scientists have
done now.

Entanglement itself is extremely fragile.

Any perturbation in the environment would destroy this
entanglement property.

Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
WqCElpLjaBU

References:

Gisin, N. (2014). Quantum teleportation. In Quantum Chance: Nonlocality,

Teleportation and Other Quantum Marvels (pp. 67-76). Geneva,
Switzerland: Springer.