Phng php lp t h thng iu ha khng kh Water Chiller

Th nm, 02 Thng 9 2010 00:36 admin

I. LP T WATER CHILLER.
1. Cc thng s s b ca Chiller:
Khi Chiller c a ti cng trnh, cn phi so snh ton b cc d liu ghi trn bng tn Chiller vi cc thng tin lc t hng, ng
k v vn chuyn.

Bng thng s k thut s b ca Chiller

2. Kim tra s b trc khi lp rp:
Khi Chiller c a ti cng trnh, cn phi kim tra chnh xc c ng l Chiller t mua hay khng trc khi a xung hm hoc
phng t Chiller ring bit.
3. V tr lp t ca Chiller:
- Di hm.
- Trong phng ring v c cch m hp l.

4. nh hng ca Chiller n mi trng xung quanh:

- V n:
+ V tr ca cm Chiller phi cch xa cc khu vc nhy cm ting n.
+ Lp t nhng b m c lp bn di Chiller.
+ Lp t nhng ming cao su chng rung cho tt c ng ng nc.
+ Cch m cho vch, tng ni t cm Chiller.
- Gim thiu rung ng:
+ Dng nhng m cao su gim chn cho ton b ng nc lnh.
+ Dng ng cch in mm do cho h thng dy in ni vi thit b.
+ C lp ton b ng dn nc bng cc mc treo vi khong cch hp l.
+ m bo h thng ng dn khng to thm ng sut cho thit b, iu ny c th l nguyn nhn do qu trnh hn kt ni ng khng
ng cch hoc trong qu trnh treo ng to s co dn trn ng ng, iu ny to nn rung khng cn thit.
5. Mt bng lp t:
- Khng gian lp t thit b:
+ To mt khng gian hp l bao quanh thit b sao cho ngi lp t, vn hnh, bo tr thao tc c thun li.
+ To khong cch hp l cho thit b ngng t v my nn hot ng c tt.
+ To khong cch ti thiu l 3 feets (914 mm) tnh t ca t iu khin ngi vn hnh thun li trong thao tc.
- Nn:
+ Nn b tng phi cng, phng, v c bn c th chu ng c trng lng gia tng trong qu trnh cm Chiller hot
ng.
+ nghing ca nn btng khng c vt qu inch (6,35mm) theo b di v b rng ca Chiller.
- Thng nc, x nc khi bo dng, sa cha:
Lp t gn h thng thot nc ln cho ng nc thot ra t thit b ngng t v bay hi trong qu trnh ngng my hoc sa
cha.

- Thng gi cho ni t Chiller:

Thit b vn sn sinh ra nhit mc d my nn c lm mt bi tc nhn lnh. Do , cn phi loi b lng nhit pht sinh ra khi
thit b hot ng trong phng my bng cch thng gi hp l m bo nhit trong phng thp hn 50oC (122oF).
Lu :
i vi nhng thit b nng, lun lun s dng nhng thit b nng h vi cng sut nng ln hn khong 10% trng lng thit b.
Nn lm theo s tay hng dn i km theo thit b. Nu xy ra s c th c th dn n kt qu cht ngi hoc b chn thng
nghim trng.
- Bc cch nhit cho Chiller:
Cn bc cch nhit cho thit b bay hi ca Chiller trnh xy ra hin tng ng sng bn ngoi bnh v cng trnh gy nn tn
tht nhit cho bnh.

Water Chiller ca hng Trane c bc cch nhit.

6. Thit b nng cu v cc dng c lp t:

- Di chuyn v lp t thit b:
Ch nn di chuyn Chiller bng thit b nng h ti nhng im hoc v tr c thit k sn trn thit b (mc treo). i vi nhng
thit b khc nhau ta cn xem xt trng lng ca chng dng thit b nng vn chuyn hp l. Nu t sai v tr c th gy h hng
cho Chiller.
Lu :
- Khng c dng cc l ren trn my nn nng hoc h tr cho vic nng cu Chiller.
7. Lp t h thng Chiller:
m bo h thng vn hnh theo yu cu, ti v tr vo ra ca bnh bay hi v bnh ngng lp cc chi tit sau:

Lp t h thng Water Chiller.

- Lp cc van bm (Butterfly valve) ti cc v tr nh hnh trn ca ng ng vo v ra ca cc bnh ca Chiller. Khi mt cm

Chiller b s c hoc khi v sinh ta c th ng cc van ny li tch bit cm Chiller khi h thng.
- u ra ca cc bnh phi lp cng tc dng chy (Flow Switch) m bo lun c nc gii nhit cho bnh ngng v c nc c
lm lnh trong bnh bay hi.
- u vo v ra ca cc bnh c cc nhnh r lp cc thit b o p sut nc (Pressure meter), thit b o nhit (Temperature meter)
v trn cc nhnh c cc van ngt (Shut off valve) ngt khi thay th thit b trn.
- Lp cc ng ni mm, loi Single Sphere Type (Flexible joint) ti cc v tr vo ra ca cc bnh gim rung ng cho h thng
ng ng khi lm vic. Do ti u vo ca cc bm c van Y lc (Filter valve), nn ti u vo ca cc bnh khng cn gn thm cc
thit b lc, gim c tn tht v gi thnh.
- Lp cc van cn bng (Balancing valve) v cc van in iu chnh lu lng ti u ra ca cc bnh.
- Ti v tr thp nht ca ng gp v v tr thp nht ca cc ng nc vo v ra u phi c cc ng nc x y thun tin trong
vic v sinh cc thit b. ng thi, nh sn xut cng lp thm mt s thit b nh sau m bo h thng vn hnh n nh v an
ton. S b tr cc thit b trn nh hnh sau:

S tch du cho mi cht lnh trong h thng

- Sau khi tc nhn lnh ra khi my nn c a vo bnh tch du. Vic tch du gip gim p sut ngng t, tng hiu qu trao i
nhit ca bnh ngng nh gim lng du bm bn trn b mt cc ng. ng thi, ti bnh tch du (Oil Separator) c cm bin p
sut ngng t (Condenser pressure Transducer) a tn hiu v b iu khin. Nu p sut cao vt mc cho php th cm Chiller
ngng hot ng.

- Ti bnh cha du (Oil Sump), c thit b cm bin mc du trong bnh (Optical Oil Detector) gip ngi vn hnh theo di c
lng du trong Chiller.
- Du trc khi v my nn u phi qua thit b lc du (Oil return filter). Sau , du v my nn theo 2 ng: mt ng v cc
(bearings), mt ng phun vo rotors. Phn phi lng du vo hai ng ny c thc hin bng kt hp hai tn hiu ly t
cm bin mc du (Optical Oil Detector) v cm bin p sut du hi (Oil Pressure Transducer). ng thi cm bin p sut du cng
a tn hiu ngt cm Chiller khi p sut du qu thp.
- m bo p sut bay hi khng qu thp, ti bnh bay hi cng c lp cm bin tn hiu p sut thp (Evaporator Pressure
Transducer).
- Tuy s dng bnh tch du, nhng mt lng du vn theo tc nhn lnh qua bnh ngng v van tit lu vo bnh bay hi. hi
c lng du ny v my nn, ti bnh bay hi lp bm hi du (Oil Return Gas Pump). Hot ng ca bm da trn s chnh lch
p sut gia ngng t v p sut bay hi.
- Chiller c t trn h thng l xo hoc cao su m bo n nh khi lm vic. nghing ca thn bnh bay hi khng
vt qu 5 mm trn ton chiu di bnh trnh hin tng du b dn li mt pha khng v c my nn.
S trao i nhit Chiller Water System nh th no ?
Cho bn.
Qua cc cu hi ca bn th mnh ngh bn cn phi tham kho thm nhiu ti liu v Chiller Water v Tower Cooling nh,
c bit l ca TRANE nh hiu bit cho c chi tit v hiu cc nguyn l c bn ca cc h thng Chiller.
Cc cu hi ca bn u mang ni dung chung chung cho cc h thng gii nhit cho Chiller Water c. Do mnh ko th tr li cho
bn ht c cc h thng ca Chiller. V Chiller c 2 h thng gii nhit chnh l : H thng gii nhit bng nc (xi Tower
Cooling) v h thng gii nhit bng gi (xi gin nng tng t loi VRV)... bit r v hai h thng ny th bn c Topic ny
mnh vit kh chi tit.
- By gi mnh s tr li cho bn theo quan im ca h thng gii nhit bng nc nh + Tower Cooling.
----------------++ Trc ht mnh phi ni s b qua cc thnh phn chnh ca Chiller Water System:
+ Compressor: My nn.
+ Evaporator : Bnh bay hi ( h VRV gi l gin bay hi ^_^)
+ Condenser : Bnh ngng ( h VRV gi l gin ngng hay gin nng, cc nng ^_^)
+ Tower Cooling: Thp gii nhit. (nghe l hiu lin, ch yu xi loi hnh lp phng ca LIANG CHI China, ch t xi loi tr
trn nh LIANG CHI VietNam)

---------------1. H thng gii nhit bng nc ny dng Tower Cooling thng t trn lu thng gii nhit nc cho bnh ngng ca Chille
r (thc t hi m m thui), nc sau khi qua bm (gi l bm thp gii nhit t gn Chiller) v i vo bnh ngng ca Chiller, ti
y xy ra qu trnh trao i nhit kiu cng bc, ngc chiu gia cc bass trong bnh ngng, nc a s s chy trong cc bass c
a bnh ngng v khi i vo c nhit khong +2 => - 3 (26 - 30"C)so vi nhit ca mi trng (ty ngun nc v mc hi
u sut gii nhit ca Tower Cooling nha) v nhit ca gas chy ngoi bass s khong (45 - 50"C, ty thuc bn set trn Monitor nha
) nn sy ra qu trnh cho v nhn nhit. Nc nhn nhit v chy ra khi bnh ngng (nhit khong 37 - 42 "C, ty nng sut tra
o i nhit ca Bnh ngng v tc ca bm nha) v c a ln thp gii nhit. Ti y nc s c xi ti t trn xungn v
c gi ca qut ht t di ln cc lung gi vi tc mnh, lm bay hi nc, gii phng nhit vo gi,... v nc c r
i xung mng nc (lc ny nc c nhit l chnh l nhit trc khi vo bnh ngng) v chy theo ng ng tip tc xun
g bm thp gii nhit v li tip tc chu trnh ca mnh. Cn gas sau khi c nc gii nhit cho v nhit gim xung v gas ngn
g t li, rt xung y bnh (bnh ngng loi ny nm ngang) v chy qua van tit lu gim p sut, lm lnh, sau gas lnh n
y chy qua bnh bay hi lm lnh nc chy trong pass ca bnh bay hi ng thi nhn nhit v bay hi, sau gas tip tc qua m
y nn, ri li qua bnh ngng tip tc chu trnh ca n . Ghi ch : Mnh b qua cc loi bnh ph khc nha nh: bnh cha cao p, bn
h lc du, bnh tc m, bnh tc lng,...

Cn nc lnh t cc
FCU, AHU chy v qua bm (gi l bm nc lnh Chiller) v c bm vo bnh bay hi (lc ny nc c nhit khong 11 13"C, ty nha)v sy ra qu trnh trao i nhit gia nc v gas nh mnh ni trn. Nc sau khi ra khi bnh bay hi c nhit
thp (khong 5 - 7"C, mnh ly Delta lm lnh ca Chiller ny l 6"C) v c a ti FCU, AHU lm lnh khng kh trong
phng, nc sau khi qua FCU, AHU th nhit tng ln khong 4 - 6 "C, tc l lc ny n khong 11 - 13"C (nh nc ra khi FCU,
AHU vn l nc lnh, sau ny i thc tp hay i lm th ng gi nhm tn l nc nng nha cc bn ^_^). Nc ny c a qua

bm nc lnh Chiller v tip tc cuc hnh trnh lp ca n.

Vy l mnh gii thiu xong nguyn l lm lnh nc cho Chiller Water System.
------------------2. Van thng nc cp b sung ...
Th nht: H thng cc valve cn ty thuc vo ch u t, ch thi cng, nh thu, do cc loi valve lp trn cc thit b c th
khc nhau. Chng ta ch n theo cc m chng ta nhn thy v bit dc thui nghe.
Th hai: Bn nn gi li tn ca cc thit b ny, tn gi ca n l bnh gin n (Expansion Tank). bnh ny c mt s van, trong
c mt van ch ct c tn l Modulating Valve, van ny c ng m nh vo cng tc dng chy, khi no nc trong ng ng
chy th cng tc dng chy hoat ng , ong tip im cho Modulating hot ng v m cho nc chy t Bnh gin n xung thp
gii nhit. c c nc trong ng ng chy th ngay ti thp gii nhit c h thng phao cp nc b sung. Khi nc trong
khay cha (di y thp gii nhit) thp hn mc nc set ca phao, phao sp xung, nc trong ng ng chy vo khay cha,
ko theo cng tc dng chy chy. Ngoi ra cn c thm cc h thng cp nc v cc van t bnh gin n ti thp gii nhit mt cch
n gin nh sau: Khng cn Modulating Valve, ch cn van phao th nc vn c th c cp ti thp gii nhit c.
Ghi ch: trnh trng hp cc valve u b nght, trc trc ko vn hnh c th ngi ta c thit k thm ng bybass n t
chy nu cc van kia b nght ko cung cp nc c, nhm m bo lc no cng cung cp nc y cho Tower Cooling hot

ng. Bn xem hnh v t tm cc ng cung p nc v nguyn l ca n cho Tower Cooling nh. C ji c hi mnh.

Theo mnh th khng cn xi DDC dk cho cc valve ny

------------------3. Cc catalogue v Chiller th hin nay mnh cng c kh nhiu. Mnh nh upload ln Topic Catalogue ca forum ca chng ta
nhng do cha c Chuyn v Chiller nn mnh cha c up. Cc bn vo y n c v download nh
CC THIT B TRONG H THNG CHILLER V KHO ST CHILLER M HIU CGWP CA HNG TRANE
Th nm, 07 Thng 7 2011 10:17 Nguyen Quoc Dat HVACR - Bi vit k thut khc (in, nc...)

1.

CC THNH PHN TRONG H THNG:

1.1 S NGUYN L:
Cc thit b gm c:
- Cm my lnh Chiller
- Thp gii nhit ( nu s dng TBNT l nc )
- Bm nc gii nhit, bm nc lnh
- Dn lnh FCU hay AHU
- Bnh gin n

1.2 Nguyn l hot ng ca cm Chiller:

Cm Chiller l phn quan trng nht dng sn xut nc lnh vi nhit khong 70C cp vo cc FCU. H thng s dng s nguyn l ca h thng
lnh 1 cp

Cm Chiller sn xut nc lnh khong 7C bao gm cc thnh phn sau:

1.2.1 MY NN : thng s dng cc loi nh
+ My nn trc vis: S dng cho cc Chiller c nng sut lnh ln

+ My nn pt tng: S dng vi NSL nh v va

+ My nn ly tm: Dng cho chiller c nng sut lnh rt ln

+ My nn xon c: thng s dng cho h thng Chiller nh v trung bnh

1.2.2 THIT B NGNG T:

- Chiller gii nhit bng gi

- Chiller gii nhit bng nc: TBNT c gii nhit bng nc. y h thng phi s dng thm thp gii nhit

1.2.3 BNH BAY HI:

Dng lm lnh nc c 2 loi sau:
- Nc chy trong ng : Lm bng ng ng c cnh. Mi cht lnh si ngoi ng, nc chuyn ng trong ng. Bnh bay hi c bc cc nhit v duy tr nhit
khng c qu di 70 C nhm ngn nga nc ng bng gy n v bnh

 lm ri dng chy ca nc chy trong ng vi mc ch lm tng h s truyn nhit, ngi ta s dng bnh bay hi vi 1 hay nhiu pass nc nhng s lm
tng ct p ca bm

- Nc chy ngoi ng : u im l hn ch c s c n ng do nc ng bng nhng vic v sinh kh phc tp

II. H THNG CHILLER GII NHIT NC:

2.1 S NGUYN L:
- My nn ht hi mi cht duy tr p sut bay hi khng i trong TBBH ri nn hi mi cht ln p sut cao v nhit cao. Sau a vo TBNT ngng
t thnh lng, qua van tit lu h p sut v nhit mi cht lnh xung nhit to lm lnh nc
- Nc lnh c bm a n cc FCU lm lnh khng kh trong phng. Nc lnh sau khi trao i nhit s nng ln ri quay v TBBH c lm lnh.

II. H THNG CHILLER GII NHIT NC:

2.2 KHO ST CHILLER M HIU CGWP HNG TRANE:

- Chiller c nng sut lnh 10~100 tn s dng my nn xon c
- Thit b ngng t c gii nhit bng nc. Tt c cc thit b c tch hp trong mt h thng nh gn

2.3 S LP T TRONG THC T:

Trong s trn, mi chiller c s dng tng tng ring bit cp nc lnh cho cc FCU ti mi phng. Thp gii nhit c t trn sn thng ca ta
nh v nc gii nhit c bm n tng Chiller. Nc sau khi gii nhit c gp v thp gii nhit lm mt

2.4 CC THIT B C LP T TRN CHILLER:

- Relay dng nc : m bo nc chy qua thit b bay hi hay ngng t trong h thng

- p k
- Van x kh
- Nhit k
- Phin lc
- Van iu chnh lu lng
- Van chn

2.5 S MCH IN:

+ Mch ng lc:

+ Mch iu khin:

+ Khi ng h thng:
Nh vo cng tc COS1 m Chiller c th c khi ng vi cng tc lp trn my hay mt v tr no xa hn Chiller nh t in
iu kin khi ng l h thng khng b s c v p sut ( tip im LP1,2 trng thi ng ), khng b nghch pha (nh vo b bo v chng nghch pha APR ),
my nn khng b qu ti v h thng ng ng nc khng b ng bng ( c bo v nh b freezerstat ). Bm nc gii nhit v bm cp nc phi hot
ng ( cc tip im ca CH Flow v CD Flow trng thi thng mch ), n bo hiu CDL, GL, CHL s sng
Sau khi bm nc gii nhit v bm nc lnh hot ng th sau 2 pht my nn th nht s hot ng ( nh vo contactor MC1 ), ri sau 1 pht l my nn th
2 hot ng ( contactor MC2 ). n bo hiu cho tng my nn s sng ( RL1,2 ). Vic iu khin th t nh vo timer TR1,2
Nu b s c nghch pha th h thng khng th khi ng v n YL1,2,3 s sng do cc tip im APR thay i v tr.
Ngoi ra c th hiu thm v vic vn hnh h thng cc bn phi c v hiu s hot ng ca mch in tht tt. Mnh xin php c mt vi cu hi tho
lun sau:
1. Gii thch s hot ng ca mch in khi c s c v p sut, khi nc b ng bng?
2. Tm hiu v vic s dng cng tc COS2 lp ti cc im 23, 24, 27, 28?
3. Gii thch vic hot ng ca tip im ca timer TR3 ti nt 12, 13 cng nh TR4 ti nt 18,19
Nhng cu hi tho lun ny mnh cm thy rt hay, nu ta t tm hiu v tr li c th s hiu r nh ca nh sn xut trong vic vn hnh h thng Chiller.
n gin nh cu tho lun s 2, cng tc COS2 c hng Trane thit k vi mc ch lm tng tui th my nn ( cc bn c k mch in ri s thy ).
Cng tc ny c vn hnh t ng trong h thng Chiller m hiu CGWP 40~60 nh vo c cu t ng chnh thi gian nh mch in sau:

Mch in trn c hng Trane thit k mt cch n gin, y hiu qu vi cc kh c in nh gn. Nu c thi gian ln sau mnh s c bi vit phn tch s
hot ng ca nhng mch in iu khin t ng khc ca Chiller hng Trane, Daikin hay cc kho lnh 500 tn trc vis ca Seaprodex, t ng tip xc N42A
hay kho lnh lin hon cng ty Javistran, Camimex..
Rt mong c trao i hc hi kinh nghim ca cc bn. Nu cn xin lin h email tuenguyen1981@yahoo.com hay Khoa in Lnh trng Trung hc Cng
nghip Tp.HCM. S 02 Mai Th Lu, Phng aKao, Q1