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Appendix 1 For Unit Conversion in Heat Transfer
Appendix 1 For Unit Conversion in Heat Transfer
y (1)
(2)
z
x
Z
(X,Y,Z)
p
How to compute CS e V n dA ------ (A)
V n v n cos
(1)
N
(2)
V 2
: mean kinectic energy
2
2
V
------ (D)
e
gy U gy : potential energy
2
U : internal energy
V2
V2
p
p
gy U x x Vx
gy U x y z
Vx
2
2
Y
(4)
y
(3)
x
Z
(X,Y,Z)
Similarly, applying (A), (B),(C) & (D) at planes (3) and (4), one obtains:
V2
V2
p
p
gy
V
gy U y x z
y
y y
y
2
2
(5) (6)
x
Z
(X,Y,Z)
Applying (A), (B),(C) & (D) at planes (5) and (6), one obtains:
V2
V2
p
p
gy
V
gy U z x y
z
z z
z
2
2
DT
Dt
T T T
,
where T
,
,
x y z
kT q Cv
T T T
k T k
,k
,k
y
z
x
, ,
x y z
T T T
k T k
,k
,k
y
z
x
A ? where A= (a1,a2,a3)
a
a a
1 2 3
------ divergence of a vector is scalar
x
y
z
gradient
scalar
vector
divergence
kT
T
T
(k
) (k
) (k
)
x x
y y
z z
DT
: Substantial derivative
Dt
T
T
T
T
ux
uy
uz
t
x
y
z
This term vanishes if there is no convective flow contribution
x z
y x
z
x y z
y
A 2-in. schedule-40 steel pipe carries saturated steam at 60psi through a laboratory that is
60 ft long. The pipe is insulated with 1.5 in. of 85% magnesia that costs $0.75 per foot.
How long must the steam line be in service to justify the insulation cost if the heating
cost for the steam is $0.68 per 105 Btu? The outside-surface convective heat-transfer
coefficient may be taken as 5 Btu/h-ft2-oF. Hints: You may assume the room temperature
to be 70oF. The energy saving (comparing the difference between with-insulation and
without-insulation cases) has to recover the cost for adding the insulation.
L/(2 (t)^0.5 =
1ft/(2(0.0231t)^0.5)> 2
t < 2.70 hrs
This estimated time actually go beyond the 99.5% accuracy hence it is taken as a rough
estimate.
Due 2:00pm, Feb. 12, 2015@ LT7
Kindly submit your assignment through your tutorial group class representative. The
graded assignments will be returned to you through the same class representative roughly
2 week after your submission.
Sincerely yours,
Chi-Hwa Wang
CN2125 Co-instructor