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A RF\NGL ;FlATLGF ;FT TZLSFA

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0 RF\NGL U6+L TALVTYL GC


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VF JBT[ XA[ D[VZFH lGlT SZJFDF\ 36L HUFV[
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OMG SZL SZLG[ XA[ D[VZFH IFZ[ m V[ 5|`GMGM DFZM
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RF\N G N[BFIM H[YL 5}ZF +L;GL U6+LYL VD[ XA[ D[VZFH
H]dVFGL DUlZA AFN H[ ZFT VFJ[ T[ U6+LDF\ ZFBL CTL
VG[ T[ 5|DF6[ XA[ D[VZFH DGFJL TYF XlGJFZGM ZMhM
Z* ZHAGM C[Z SIM"P H[D6[ VDFZL H[D A\G[ DCLGF
RF\N G [IM CMI G XZ. UJFCL D/L CMI TM V[ H U6+L
AZFAZ U6FX[P CJ[ H[ ,MSMV[ VDFZL H[D RF\N GYL [IM
VG[ XZ. UJFCL 56 GYL D/L KTF\ V[S lNJ; VFU/
SI] T[DG[ XZLVT 5|DF6[ H[ OhL,T Z* ZHAGL XAGL
.AFNT TYF ZMhFGL K[ T[ DGDFGL SZJFGF SFZ6[ D/X[
GC4 V[ :JEFlJS JFT K[P
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O,F6F lNJ;[ K[ VG[ TD[ S[D V[ 5|DF6[ GYL SZTF m T[DH
O,F6L HUFV[ TM O,F6F lNJ;[ K[ VG[ TD[ S[D V[ 5|DF6[
GYL SZTF m 8LPJLPDF\ TYF JT" D FG5+MDF\ TM O,F6F

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VF UZA0M pEL YJFG]\ VG[ B[\RTF6G]\ SFZ6 V[ K[


S[ VF56[ XZLVTYL lJD]B Y.G[ TALVTG[ VG];ZJF
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JT"DFG 5+MGL BAZMGM DMCTFH K[ G S[,[g0ZMGF


lGN["XGM DMCTFH K[4 VG[ BZ[BZ V<,FC J Z;},GF\

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p,hGDF\ D}SFX[ GCP s.gXFV<,FC f XZLVT[ RF\NGL
;FlATL DF8[ S[8,FS p;},M TYF lGIDM lGlT SIF" K[4
T[GL 5FA\NLGL ;FY[ [ .N4 ZDhFG S[ VFJF D]AFZS lNJ;M
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ZFIEZDF\ 56 NZ[S 9[SF6[ V[S H lNJ;[ .N S[ ZDhFGGL

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A RF\NGL ;FlATLGF ;FT TZLSFA

X~VFT S[ H[ T[ D]AFZS lNJ;M DGFJJFDF\ VFJ[P A<S[ H[


5| D F6[ XZLVTGF C] S DFG] ; FZ ;FlAT YFI T[ G [ T[ V M
VG];Z[P VG[ D:HNMGF .DFDMV[ 56 5MTFGF AIFGMDF\
RF\N S. ZLT[ ;FlAT YFI m VG[ XZLVTGF XF SFG}G V[GF
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TM ,UEU U,TOCDLVM N}Z Y. XS[ K[P
0

lNJ;GL C[ZFT K[ VG[ TD[ V[ D]HA S[D GYL DFGTF m


S[8,FS ,MSM D]\hJ6 VG]EJTF S[ EF. VF S[J]\ m SM.
O,F6M lNJ; SC[ K[ VG[ SM. O,F6M lNJ; SC[ K[ m TM
VF AW]\ S[J]\ m VG[ VD[ X]\ SZLV[ m JU[Z[ lJlJW 5|`GM OMG
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0


A RF\NGL ;FlATLGF ;FT TZLSFA

RF\N SlD8LVMGL C[ZFT X]\ K[ m 0

lN<CLYL SM. SC[JFTM .DFD4 D]OTL S[ VDNFJFN S[


VgI SM.56 XC[ZYL SM. D]OTL S[ RF\N SlD8L VbAFZDF\
S[ 8LPJLP 5Z RF\N lJX[ C[ZFT SZL VF5[ TM T[ ;J" XC[ZM
TYF UFDMG[ ,FU] 50X[ GCP V[ H[ T[ XC[ZG[ H ,FU]
50X[P E,[ SM. RF\N SlD8LG]\ GFD cc.g0IF RF\N SlD8Lcc
S[ ccU]HZFT RF\N SlD8Lcc S[ ccDCFZFQ8= RF\N SlD8Lcc GFD
CMI V[DGL C[ZFT H[ T[ XC[Z 5}ZTL CMI K[ VG[ VgI
,MSM ;DFRFZ 6L UJFCL D[/JJF VFJL XS[ V[8,[ CMI
K[P IF\ RF\N G N[BFIM T[VM IF\ N[BFIM T[DGL OMGYL
BAZ GC 56 ~A~ UJFCL D[/J[ TM H .N S[ ZMhF ZFB[
JU[Z[ ;CLC U6FX[P GC TM +L;GL U6+L 5}ZL SZ[P VgI
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U6FX[ GCP DF8[ IF\ RF\ N N[ B FIM CMI tIF\ G F RF\ N
[ G FZFVMGL UJFCL T[ D H VgI XZLVT D] H AGL
5lTVMYL ;FlATL D[ / JJL VFJxIS K[ P O,F6F
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GCP
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C[ZFT SZTF CMI T[VM VF AFAT[ SF/ ZFBL RF\NGL
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.N4 ZDhFG U,T YX[ T[GL lHdD[NFZL T[DGL ZC[X[P VG[
5a,S[ 56 VF AFAT[ ;FJR[TL ZFBJL [.V[P
RF\NGL ;FlATL DF8[ p5ZMT XZLVTGF SFG}GMG[
,DF\ ,[JFDF\ GC VFJ[ VG[ DG DFGL ZLT[ RF\NGL C[ZFT
YX[ TM T[ SM. ZLT[ .h U6FX[ GCP
J/L BF; VUtIGL JFT V[ 56 K[ S[ S[8,LS RF\N
SlD8LVMDF\ JCFAL4 N[JA\NL S[ ;],[CS]<,L H[JF DF6;M
56 T[GF CM[NFZM S[ ;eIM CMI K[P ;]gGL JCFAL lDz

_5

V[ 5lT TG U,T K[P


TFZ4 8[,LOMG4 Z[0LIM s8LPJLPf YSL RF\N
[IFG]\ ;FlAT YX[ GCP S[D S[ V[ AWLI ZLT[ ;FR]
U6JFDF\ VFJ[ TM 56 V[ OT BAZ H U6FX[
UJFCL GC U6FIP VG[ OT V[S BAZYL RF\N ;FlAT
Y. XTM GYLP V[ H 5|DF6[ A~ VOJFYL4 0FIZLVM S[
S[,[g0ZM T[DH 5[5ZMDF\ K5FTL BAZMYL 56 RF\N ;FlAT
Y. XTM H GYLP
R[TJ6L o UJFCL ,[JFDF\ UJFCM ;]gGL sAZ[<JLf
CMJF VlGJFI" K[4 SM. VgI lOSF" JCFAL4 N[JA\NL4


A RF\NGL ;FlATLGF ;FT TZLSFA

;eIM CMI K[4 TM VFJL RF\N SlD8LVM lAG EZM;F5F+


K[ T[DG]\ V[,FG U6SFZJFDF\ VFJX[ GCP

VF lJI[ D]HlN[ NLGM lD<,T .DFD VCDN


ZhFBF\ D]Cl[ AZ[<JL
GL S,D[ A}T[
lC,F, S[ TZLS[ 5]:TSF H[G[ V,DHDp, .:,FDL
D] A FZS5] Z [ pN}"DF\ 5|l; SZL H[GM U]HZFTL VG]JFN
RF\NGL ;FlATLGF ;FT TZLSF VF5GL ;[JFDF\
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K[<,F ;DFRFZM D]HA RF\NGL ;FlATL lJX[ VJF"RLG
XMWMGF AFZFDF\ p,DFGF ;[DLGFZM Y. ZF K[4 [ p,DF
SM. ;J";\DlTGM C, V[ AFAT[ ,FJX[ TM AZSFT[ bJF
sDFl;SfDF\ ZH} YX[P s.gXFV<,FC f
V<,FC TVF,F VF56G[ ;F{G[ XZLVT[ D]CdDNL
s
fGF 5lJ+ TZLSF 5Z RF,JFGL TF{OLS VTF SZ[P
VFDLG lAlCgGAL SZLD
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vT\+L o AZSFT[ bJF sDFl;Sf


A RF\NGL ;FlATLGF ;FT TZLSFA

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RF\N [IFGL ;FlATL DF8[


XZLVTDF\ ;FT TZLSF K[
s5|YD TZLSMf

RF\N [GFZGL UJFCL 0

ZDhFG D]AFZSGF RF\N DF8[ V[S H VFlS,4

AFl,U4 U{Z OFl;SG]\ S[J/ SC[J]\ 5}ZT] K[ S[4 ccD[\ VF ZDhFG


XZLOGM RF\N O,F6F lNJ;GL ;F\H[ [IM4cc E,[ T[6L AF\NL

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GJFA ;{IN D].G]LG C;GBFG ACFN]Z4 Z5vD]CZ"D],


CZFD4 lCP;P !#!_f
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RF\N [IFG]\ XZLVTDF\ S. ZLT[ ;FlAT YFI
K[ m lSTFAMGF CJF,FYL pN}" TH]"DF ;FY[ HJFA
VF5XMP A{IG} T]H~P


A RF\NGL ;FlATLGF ;FT TZLSFA

D:V,F o sVh o A/MNF4 U]HZFT AF/F GJFA ;FCA4

VHJFA


A RF\NGL ;FlATLGF ;FT TZLSFA

CMIP [ S[ ccD:T}Zcc CF,JF/M CMI H[GL VF\l+S :YlT


BAZ GYL 56 C[ZL ZLT[ XZLVTGM 5FA\N K[P E,[
T[G]\ AIFG DHl,;[ ShF sSFhLGL DHl,;fDF\ G CMI4 E,[
UJFCL VF5] K]\ G SC[ G [JFGL :YlT AIFG SZ[ S[ IF\
[IM4 IF\ CTM4 S[8,M R[ CTM JU[Z[P
VFJ] \ T[ ;\ [ U MDF\ K[ S[ Z) XFAFG[ JFN/ ;FO G
CMI4 RF\ N GL HUFV[ JFN/ KJF. UI] \ CMI VYJF
W] D F0F CMIP
VG[ JFN/ ;FO CMJFGL :YlTDF\ [ p5Z H6FjIM
T[JF V[S DF6; H\U,YL VFjIM VYJF RL HuIF 5Z
CTM TM 56 V[SG]\ H SC[J]\ 5}ZT] Y. HX[P VYJF
[JFDF\ VFJX[ S[ tIF\GF D];,DFG RF\N [JFDF\ SMlXX
SZTF ZC[ K[ VG[ DM8L ;\bIFDF\ ,MSM VF lNXFDF\ wIFlGT
YFI K[ S[ 5KL ;]:T K[ S[ RF\N [JFGL 5ZJF GYL SZTFP
A[5ZJFCLGL :YlTDF\ SD;[ SD A[ UJFCGL H~Z ZC[X[
H[VM D:T}Z CMIP GC TM V[S DM8L HDFVTGL H~Z

ZC[X[ S[ 5MTFGL VF\BM J0[ RF\N [JFG]\ AIFG


SZ[ H[GF AIFGYL B}A 5FSL WFZ6F Y. I S[ H~Z RF\N

YIM4 E,[ U],FD S[ p3F0F OFl;S CMI VG[ [ ;\bIF


TJFT] Z GL CN[ s5] Q S/f 5CM\ R L I S[ A] V[ 8 ,L
jITVMG]\ U,T BAZ 5Z V[SDT YJ]\ VXI 6JFDF\
VFJ[ TM V[JL BAZ D]:,D TYF SFlOZ ;F{YL :JLSFI" K[P
sVF ;J" ZDhFGGF RF\N DF8[ K[Pf
AFSLGF VuIFZ DCLGFGF RF\NM DF8[ NZ[S

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VF VuIFZ DCLGFVMDF\ CD[XF\ V[ H p5ZMT

C]SD K[ 56 .NMDF\ [ JFN/ ;FO CMI VG[ D];,DFGM


RF\N [JFDF\ ;]:TL G SZTF CMI VG[ T[ A[ UJFC H[VM
H\U,YL S[ RF. 5ZYL G VFjIF CMI TM VF ;\[UMDF\ T[
H DM8L HDFVT slJXF/ 8M/]f [.V[P VG[ IF\ VgI
SM. RF\N NFPTP D]CZ"DGF RF\NG[ [JFGL VFD D];,DFGM
jIJ:YF SZTF CMI TM JFN/ ;FO CMJFGF ;\[UMDF\ IFZ[
UJFCM H\U, S[ RF. 5ZYL G VFJ[ TM C[ZL TYF
.HDF. ZLT[ DM8L HDFVT H [.V[ S[ H[ SFZ6[ T[GL
SA},FT ZDhFG TYF .NMDF\ SZJFDF\ VFJL CTL T[ H[ VC
56 VFJxIS K[P

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AIFG ccC]\ UJFCL VF5] K]\cc XaNM lJGF 56


A RF\NGL ;FlATLGF ;FT TZLSFA

N]Z[" D]bTFZDF\ K[ ov

CF,TDF\ SM. K}8KF8 lJGF A[ 5]~ VFlN, VYJF V[S


5]~ VG[ A[ :+LVM VFlN,4 VFhFN4 H[GM C[ZL CF,
T[CSLS ;FY[ XZLVTGM 5FA\N K[ T[VM XZ. SFhLGL
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O,F6F lNJ;GL ;F\H[ [IMPcc VG[ IF\ XZ. SFhL G CMI
TM .:,FDGF D] O TL V[ G F :YFG[ U6FX[ S[ H[ TDFD
XC[ZJF;LVM SZTF\ lOSC sNLGL 7FGfDF\ z[Q9 CMI T[GL
;D UJFCL VF5[P VG[ IF\ SM. SFhL S[ D]OTL SM. G
CMI TM DHA} Z LG[ ,LW[ VgI D] :,DMGL ;D VFJF
VFlN, A[ 5]~M S[ V[S 5]~ VG[ A[ :+LVMG]\
5}ZT] U6FX[P


A RF\NGL ;FlATLGF ;FT TZLSFA

TH]"DM o ccJFN/ TYF W]DF0FGL CF,TDF\ ZDhFGGF


RF\N DF8[ V[S VFlN, S[ D:T}Z :YlTJF/FGL BAZ 5}ZTL

K[ E,[ U],FD S[ :+L CMI4 E,[ RF\N [IFGL :YlT J6"G


SZ[ S[ G SZ[4 NFJM VYJF ccC]\ UJFCL VF5] K]\cc XaNM VYJF
C]SD VYJF sXZ.f SFhLGL DHl,; SM.GL XT" GYLP
56 OFl;SG]\ AIFG V[SDTLV[ V:JLSFI" K[P
VG[ .NGF DF8[ JFN/ ;FO G CMJFGF ;\[UMDF\
VNF,T ;FY[ sSFhL S[ CFlSD ;Df A[ 5]~ VYJF V[S
5]~ A[ :+LVMGL UJFCL XaN sVxCNf ccC]\ UJFCL
VF5] K]\cc ;FY[ VFJxIS K[P VG[ [ V[JF XC[ZDF\ CMI
IF\ SM. .:,FDGM CFlSD GYL TM H~ZTGF ,LW[ JFN/
TYF W}DF0FGF ;\[UMDF\ V[S lSC s5|DFl6TF4 NLGNFZL4

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TSJFDF\ DHA}Tf jITGF AIFG sSC[JF 5Z ZMhM ZFB[


VG[ A[ VFlN,MGL BAZ 5Z .N SZL ,[P VG[ IFZ[
JFN/ TYF W}DF0M G CMI TM V[JL DM8L HDFVTGL BAZ
:JLSFI" YX[ H[GFYL 5FSL WFZ6F Y. IP VG[ .DFDYL
lZJFIT YI]\ S[ A[ UJFC 5}ZTF K[ VG[ V[G[ H ACZ]ZF".SDF\
V5GFJJFDF\ VFjI]\P VG[ lSTFA], VSlhIFDF\ ODF"jI]\4
;CLC V[ K[ S[ V[S sUJFCf 56 5}ZTM K[ [ T[ H\U,YL
VFJ[ VYJF prR :Y/[ CTMP VG[ V[G[ .DFD hCLZ]LG[
V5GFjI]\ VG[ hL, CH TYF AFSL GJ DCLGFGF RF\NGL
;FlATL DF8[ V[ H C]SD K[ H[ .N], lO+GM K[Pcc
Z], D]CTFZDF\ K[ ov


A RF\NGL ;FlATLGF ;FT TZLSFA


A RF\NGL ;FlATLGF ;FT TZLSFA

TH]"DM o ccIFZ[ VFSFX :JrK CMI tIFZ[ ZMhF TYF

.NGF DF8[ RF\N YIFGL ;FlATL DF8[ DM8L HDFVTGL BAZ


H~ZL K[ V[8,F DF8[ S[ DM8L HDFVT S[ T[ 56 RF\N [JFDF\
jI:T CTL V[DF\YL A[ V[S DF6;G[ GHZ VFJJ]\ IFZ[ S[
JFN/ ;FO K[4 T[ V[SFN A[GL BTF C[Z SZ[ K[P V[J]\ H
ACZ]"ZF.SDF\ K[P VG[ HDFVTDF\ VNF,T sSFhL ;D
CMJ]\f XT" GYLP V[J]\ H .dNFN], OTFCDF\ K[P G VFhFNL
XT" K[ V[J]\ SlC:TFGLDF\ K[P
VG[ ACZ]ZF".SDF\ ODF"jI]\ S[ IFZ[ ,MSM RF\N [JFDF\
;]:TL SZ[ TM V[ lZJFIT 5Z VD, SZJM [.V[ S[ A[ UJFC

!Z

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5}ZTF K[ S[ CJ[ V[ SFZ6 G Z]\ S[ ;J" ,MSM RF\N [JFDF\


jI:T CTF VG[ VFSFX :JrK CT]\ TM V[ A\G[G[ GHZ VFJJ]\
SIF; lJ~wW K[P VG[ J<JlH<IF VG[ hCLlZIFYL C[Z
YFI K[ S[ hFlCZ]lZ"JFITDF\ S[J/ UJFCMGL ;\bIFGL XT"
K[ VG[ ;\bIF A[YL 56 Y. U.P VG[ VF56F HDFGFDF\
,MSMG]\ VF/; VF\B[ N[bI]\ K[ H[YL A[ H6GL UJFCLG[ V[J]\
SCLX]\ GC S[4 AC]DTL ,MSMGF ;FD[ T[DG[ S[JL ZLT[ GHZ
VFJL UIM S[ H[GFYL UJFCGL U,TL C[Z YFIP TM
hFlCZ lZJFITG]\ NXF"J[, SFZ6 G Z]\ H[YL VF AL
lZJFIT 5Z OtJM VF5JM ,FlhD YIMP VG[ SFOL CFlSDDF\
H[ D F\ .DFD D] C dDNG] \ TDFD S,FD hFlCZ] l Z" J FIT
lSTFAMGF V[ S + SZL VF5[ , K[ P T[ V[ 5| D F6[ K[ S[ 4
ccZDhFGDF\ V[S D];,DFG 5]~ S[ :+L VFlN, S[ D:T}Z
CF,JF/FGL UJFCL :JLSFI" K[4 IFZ[ S[ V[JL UJFCL VF5[
S[ T[6[ H\U,DF\ [IM VYJF XC[ZDF\ [IM VG[ SM. ;AA
V[JM CTM H[GF SFZ6[ AL ,MSMG[ G N[BFIMP VG[ V[ A[
lZJFITMDF\ lJZMWFEF; GYL SFZ6 S[ DM8L HDFVT
sVlWS ;\bIFfGL XT" tIF\ K[ S[ UJFC XC[ZDF\ RL :Y/
5Z CMIP H[YL VF 5FK,L lZJFIT 5C[,LG[ ,FU] YJFGL
S{N ATFJ[ sXZT AG[f K[ VG[ V[GF 5Z N,L, V[ K[ S[
5C[,LDF\ V[SGL UJFCL G DFGJFG]\ SFZ6 V[ NXF"jI]\ CT]\ S[
ccV[S,]\ V[G]\ [J]\ U,TLDF\ C[Z K[Pcc VG[ VF 5FK,L
:YlTDF\ V[8,[ S[ IFZ[ H\U,DF\ VYJF RF :YFG[ CTM V[
ZN SZJFG]\ V[DF\ [JF G D?I]\P V[8,F DF8[ ccD]CLTccDF\ ODF"jI]\
S[4 ccVF ;\[UMDF\ V[S,F V[G]\ [J]\ C[ZGL lJ~ YX[ GCPcc


A RF\NGL ;FlATLGF ;FT TZLSFA


A RF\NGL ;FlATLGF ;FT TZLSFA

VG[ AFSLGF GJ DCLGFVMDF\ :JLSFI" YX[ GC 56


UJFCL A[ 5]~M VYJF V[S 5]~ A[ VF{ZTM VFlN, VFhFN
s,M\0L GCfGL H[GF 5Z C[ ShO sH}9L TMCDTGL ;f G
,FUL R}S[, CMI H[D S[ VgI TDFD DFD,FVMDF\ V[ lGID
K[P V[ H 5|DF6[ ACZ]ZF".SDF\ .DFD V:ALALGL ;\l%T
XZC TCFJLYL K[ VG[ C[Z V[ K[ S[ V[ GJ RF\NMDF\ JFN/
;FO CMI TYF ;FO G CMJFGM SF\. OS" GYL4 NZ[S ;\[UMDF\
A[GL UJFCL :JLSFI" YX[P S[D S[ T[ SFZ6[ H[ tIF\ DM8L
HDFVT sVlWS ,MSMfGF ;AA[ CT]\ S[ ;F{ RF\NG[ T,FX
SZ[ K[ T[ VC DF{H}N GYL S[ T[ GJ DCLGFGF RF\NM ;FDFgI
,MSM T,FX GYL SZTF4 VG[ .DFD V:ALALG]\ T[ ODF"G
V[G]\ ;DY"G SZ[ K[ S[ V[DF\ T[ H~ZL K[ H[ AFSL TDFD
DFD,FVMDF\ H~ZL K[P
CNLS GlNiICDF\ K[ ov

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