CHAPTER 8

8.0 COST CALCULATION

8.1 Fixed capital investment FCI

8.1.1 Bare module cost of equipment
Equipment

C BM (2015)
($)

Heat exchanger

E-100
E-101
E-102
E-103
E-104
E-105
E-106

99,494.697
108 158.14

10 606.7
165 502.44
136 740.20
146 252.41
102 867.35

Reactor
R-100
Fired Heater

111 324

F-100
Compressor

1 581 725

C-100
C-101
C-102
C-103

104 075.44
61 230.83
97930.78
59.30

Tower
T-100
Pumps

796,528.00

P-100
P-101

22 175.50

V-100
V-101
V-102

28 834.96

21 291.81

Vessel

50 532.27
21 976.62

Mixer

18,420.85

MX-100
MX-101
MX-102

18,420.85
18,420.85

Hollow fiber

35 800

M-100

Sample calculation
Bare module cost
R-100
Equipmen

Equipment

K1

K2

K3

Capacity

Min

Max

t type
Reactor

Description
Jacketed

3.3496

0.7235

0.0025

Units
Volume,m3

size
10

Size
100

nonagitate
d

Material Of Construction = Stainless Steel

Volume = 20 m3

C BM =C po ( B1 + B2 F P F M )
logA 2
log C p o ( 2001 )=K 1+K 2 logA + K 3
2

log 20 =4.29513
3.3496+ ( 0.7235 ) log 20+0.0025
C p o ( 2001 )=$ 19730.13

C p o ( 2015 ) =$ 19730.13

From table A.7, FBM

=$ 27831
( 560
394 )

C BM =C P F BM
4
(
C BM = 27831 ) ) = $111,324

E-100
Equipmen

Equipment

t type

Descriptio

Heat

n
Floating

exchanger

head

K1

K2

K3

Capacity

Min size

Units
4.8306

-0.8509

0.3187

Area, m2

Size
10

C BM =C po ( B1 + B2 F P F M )
logA 2
log C p ( 2001 )=K 1+ K 2 logA + K 3
o

log 28.038 =4.2667

4.8306+ (0.8509 ) log 28.038+0.3187

C p o ( 2001 )=$ 18,479.838 C p o ( 2015 ) =$ 18,479.838

=$ 26,265.76
( 560
394 )

P=7500kPa, P=75bar

log75 2
2
logP =0.03881+ (0.11272 ) log75+(0.08183)
log F P =C1 +C 2 logP+ C3
0.115

Fp=1.30
Form table A.18 for the carbon steel heat exchanger, Fm=1

Max

100

From table A. B1 and B2 for floating head heat exchangers is 1.63 and 1.66

1.63
Thus, C BM =( 26,265.76 ) +1.66(1.30)(1)) = $99,494.697
E-101
Area = 19.5402 m2
Purchased Equipment Cost,
From Table A.1,
Equipmen

Equipment

t type

Descriptio

Heat

n
Floating

exchanger

head

K1

K2

K3

Capacity

Min size

Units
4.8306

log 10 C 0p

-0.8509

0.3187

Area, m2

Max
Size

10

100

K 1+ K 2 log 10 A+ K 3 ( log 10 A)2

4.83060.8509(log 10 29.71302)+0.3187 (log 10 29.71302)2
4.2687
$ 18565.74

From table A.3, Identification number: 2,

From figure A.18, Material factor, FM : 1.4
From table A.4, B1 = 1.63; B2 = 1.66
Pinlet = 1799.820 kPa

0.01

1 kPa

17.9982
From table A.2, C1 = 0.03881, C2 = -0.11272, C3 = 0.08183

log 10 F p

C1 +C 2 log10 P+C3 ( log 10 P)

 0.038810.11272 ( log 10 17.9982 ) +0.08183(log 10 17.9982)2

0.02625
1.0623

Bare module cost, CBM

CBM =

C p F BM =C p ( B1 + B2 F M F P )
18565.74[1.63+1.66 ( 1.4 ) ( 1.0623 ) ]
$ 76096.98

,C BM =C 1=$ 76096.98
CEPCI (2001) = 394
CEPCI (2015) = 560

C2 =C1

I2
)
I1

560
394
)
$ 76096.98

$ 108158.1446

E-102
Area = 21.9380 m2
Purchased Equipment Cost,
From Table A.1,
Equipmen

Equipment

K1

K2

K3

Capacity

Min

Max

t type

Descriptio

Heat

n
Floating

exchanger

head

log 10 C 0p

4.8306

-0.8509

0.3187

Units

size

Size

Area, m2

10

100

K 1+ K 2 log 10 A+ K 3 ( log 10 A)2

4.83060.8509(log 10 21.9380)+ 0.3187( log10 21.9380)2
4.26
$ 18300

From table A.3, Identification number: 2,

From figure A.18, Material factor, FM : 1.4
From table A.4, B1 = 1.63; B2 = 1.66

Pinlet =

1619.838 kPa

0.01

1 kPa

16.19838
From table A.2, C1 = 0.03881, C2 = -0.11272, C3 = 0.08183

log 10 F p

C1 +C 2 log10 P+C3 ( log 10 P)

0.038810.11272 ( log 10 16.19838 ) +0.08183 (log 10 16.19838)2

0.02218
1.0524

Bare module cost, CBM

CBM =

C0p F BM =C 0p ( B1 + B2 F M F P )
18300[1.63+ 1.66 (1.4 ) ( 1.0524 ) ]
$ 74621.96

,C BM =C 1=$ 74621.96
CEPCI (2001) = 394
CEPCI (2015) = 560

C2 =C1

I2
)
I1

$ 74621.96

560
394 )

$ 10606.7

E-103
Area = 22.899m2
CBM = Cp[B1 + B2FpFM]
From table A.1 Heat Exchanger (air cooler)
K1 = 4.0336 K2 = 0.2341 K3 = 0.0497
2

log C p =K 1 + K 2 log ( A ) + K 3 [ log A ]

log C p =4.0336+0.2341 log ( 22.899 )+ 0.0497 [ log 22.899 ]

C p =$ 41904.49

Find Fp using equation :

log F p =C1 +C 2 log ( P ) +C 3 [ log P ]

P = 12.07 bar
From table A.2, Heat Exchanger (air cooler)
10 < P < 100 : C1,= -0.125, C2 = 0.15361, C3 = -0.02861
Fp = 1
Find FM using table A.3
Identification number = 10 (CS-air cooler)
From Figure A.18, FM = 2.67

Table A.4
Heat Exchanger (air cooler)
B1 = 0.96

B2 = 1.21

C BM (2001) =$ 41904.49 [ 0.96+ ( 1.21 )( 2.67 )( 1 ) ]

= $ 116442.79

C BM ( 2015 )

= $165 502.44

E-104
Area = 10.8063 m2
CBM = Cp[B1 + B2FpFM]
From table A.1 Heat Exchanger (air cooler)
K1 = 4.0336 K2 = 0.2341 K3 = 0.0497
2

log C p =K 1 + K 2 log ( A ) + K 3 [ log A ]

log C p =4.0336+0.2341 log ( 10.8063 )+ 0.0497 [ log10.8063 ]

C p =$ 21314

Find Fp using equation :

log F p =C1 +C 2 log ( P ) +C 3 [ log P ]

P = 12.07 bar
From table A.2, Heat Exchanger (air cooler)
10 < P < 100 : C1,= -0.125, C2 = 0.15361, C3 = -0.02861
Fp = 1.1
Find FM using table A.3
Identification number = 10 (CS-air cooler)
From Figure A.18, FM = 2.67

Table A.4
Heat Exchanger (air cooler)
B1 = 0.96

B2 = 1.21

C BM (2001) =$ 21314 [ 0.96+ ( 1.21 )( 2.67 )( 1 ) ]

= $ 96206.50

C BM ( 2015 )

= $136 740.20

E-105
Area = 4.172 m2
Purchased Equipment cost,

From table A.1,

Equipment

Equipment

type

description

Heat

Floating

exchanger

head

K1

K2

K3

Capacity

Min size

Max size

10

100

units

4.8306

-0.8509

0.3187

Area,m2

log10 CPO = K1 + K2log10A+K3(log10A)2

= 4.8306 - 0.8509 (log10 4.172) + 0.3187 (log10 4.172)2
= 4.4254
= 26631.36
From table A.3, identification number: 2
From figure A.18, Material Factor, FM = 1.4
From table A.4, B1= 1.63, B2= 1.66

0.01bar
1kPa
Pinlet

= 6488.1kPa x

= 64.881 bar
From table A.2, C1= 0.03881, C2 = -0.11272, C3 = 0.08183
log10Fp

= C1 + C2log10P +C3(log10P)2
= 0.03881 - 0.11272 (log10 64.881) + 0.08183(log10 64.881)
= - 0.0172
= 0.9612

Bare module cost

CBM = Cp0 FBM = Cp0 (B1+B2FM FP)
= 26631.36 [1.63+1.66 (1.4)(0.9612)]
= 102899.02

CBM = C1 = 102899.02
CEPCI (2001) = 394
CEPCI (2015) = 560

C2

= C1

I
I

2
1

560
394
= 102899.02(

= 146252.41
E-106
Area = 6.7422 m2
Purchased Equipment Cost,
From Table A.1,
Equipmen

Equipment

t type

Descriptio

Heat

n
Floating

exchanger

head

K1

K2

Capacity

Min size

Units
4.8306

log 10 C p

K3

-0.8509

Area, m2

0.3187

Size
10

K 1+ K 2 log 10 A+ K 3 ( log 10 A)

4.83060.8509( log 10 6.7422)+ 0.3187(log 10 6.7422)2

4.3443
$ 22094.88
From table A.3, Identification number: 2,
From figure A.18, Material factor, FM : 1.4
From table A.4, B1 = 1.63; B2 = 1.66

Max

100

Pinlet = 4729.825 kPa

0.01

1 kPa

47.2983
From table A.2, C1 = 0.03881, C2 = -0.11272, C3 = 0.08183
2

log 10 F p

C1 +C 2 log10 P+C3 ( log 10 P)

0.038810.11272 ( log 10 47.2983 ) +0.08183( log10 47.2983)2

0.1499

0.7081

Bare module cost, CBM

CBM =

C0p F BM =C 0p ( B1 + B2 F M F P )
$ 22094.88[1.63+1.66 ( 1.4 )( 0.7081 ) ]
$ 72374.53

,C BM =C 1=$ 72374.53
CEPCI (2001) = 394
CEPCI (2015) = 560

C2 =C1

I2
)
I1

$ 72374.53

560
394 )

Vessels

Orientation

Length/

Diameter

Material

Pressure

Height

(meters)

of

(barg)

Volume
( m

Purch

Equip

V-100

Vertical

(meters)
2.813

0.938

construction
Carbon Steel

8.56

1.9425 m

Co
28 8

V-101

Vertical

2.307

0.769

Carbon Steel

46.29

1.0725 m3

50 5

V-102

Horizontal

3.51

1.17

Stainless steel

0.01

3.8 m3

21 9

$ 102867.35

Vessel

log 10 C

O
p

K1 +

K 2 log 10 ( A ) + K 3 [ log10 ( A ) ]

( P+1 ) D
+ 0.00315
2 [8500.6 ( P+1 ) ]
F P , vessel=
0.0063
C BM

CO p F BM = CO p ( B 1 + B 2 F P Fm )

V-100
2
log 10 C O p = 3.4974 + 0.4485 log 10 ( 1.9425 ) +0.1074 [log 10 ( 1.9425 )]

=3.63566

O
p

= 4321.758

560
CO p ( 2015 ) = 4321.758(
394 )
= 6142.60

Fm =1

( 8.56+1 ) 0.769
+0.00315
2 [8500.6 ( 8.56+1 ) ]
F P , vessel=
0.0063
F P , vessel= 1.343
C BM

=6142.60 ( 2.25 +

1.82 X 1 X 1.343 )

= 28 834.96

V-101

log 10 C

O
p

3.4974 + 0.4485 log 10 ( 1.0725 ) +0.1074 [log 10 ( 1.0725 )] 2

=3.51113

O
p

= 3244.385

560
O
C p (2015) = 3244.385(
394 )
= 4611.309

Fm =1

( 46.29+1 ) 0.938
+0.00315
2 [8500.6 ( 46.29+1 )]
F P , vessel=
0.0063
F P , vessel= 4.7848

C BM

2.25

= 4611.309 +

1.82 X 1 X 4.7848 )

= 50 532.27
V-102

log 10 C

O
p

3.5565 + 0.3776 log 10 (3.8 )+ 0.0905[log 10 ( 3.8 )]2

=3.8058

O
p

= 6395.10

560
O
C p (2015) = 6395.10(
394 )
= 9089.48
From the table A.3, identification number for stainless steel horizontal vessel is
20; from the figure A.8, Fm=3.11

( 0.01+1 ) 1.17
+0.00315
2 [8500.6 ( 0.01+1 ) ]
F P , vessel=
0.0063
F P , vessel= 0.6104
C BM

1.49

= 9089.48 +

0.6104 X 1 X 1.52 )

= 21 976.62

Compressor
Compressor

Power (kW)

C-100

53.379

C-101
C-102

31.85
50.2137

Material of

Purchased

construction
Carbon steel

Equipment Cost
S104 075.44

Carbon steel
Carbon steel

S61230.43
$497930.78

C-103

3.636

Nickel alloy

$59.295

Make-up compressor (C-100)

2
log 10 C O p = 2.2897 + 1.3604 log 10 (53.379 )+0.1027 [log 10 ( 53.379 ) ]

= 4.333

= 21 536.62

560
CO p (2015) = 21 536.62(
394 )
= 30 610.42
From the table A.6, identification number for carbon steel reciprocating
compressor is 10; from the figure A.19, Fbm=3.4

3.4

C BM

= 30 610.42 )

= 104 075.44
Make-up compressor second compressor (C-101)

log C o
Co

Co

2.2897+1.3606 log 10 (31.85)+(0.1027) [ log 10 ( 31.85 ) ]

= 12 670.5857

p (2015) = 12 670.5857

(560)
(394)

= 18 008.95
From the table A.6 , identification number for carbon steel reciprocating
compressor is 10;

From figure A.19, FBm = 3.4

CBm = 18 008.95(3.4)
= 61 230.43 $

Recycle compressor (C-102)

log C o
Co

2.2897+1.3606 log 10 (50.2137)+(0.1027) [ log 10 ( 50.2137 ) ]

= 20 265.09

p (2015) = 20 265.09

(560)
(394)

= 28 803.17
From the table A.6 , identification number for carbon steel reciprocating
compressor is 10;
From figure A.19, FBm = 3.4
CBm = 28 803.17(3.4)
= 97 930.78 $
Natural gas recovery turbine( C-103)

log C

Co

p=

o
p

2.2897+1.3606 log 10 (3.6360)+(0.1027) [ log 10 ( 3.6360 ) ]

= 3.0202

p (2015) = 3.0202

(560)
(394)

= 4.2967
From the table A.6 , identification number for nickel alloy reciprocating
compressor is 12;
From figure A.19, FBm = 13.8
CBm = 4.2967(13.8)
= 59.2945 $

T-100
Material design
Stainless steel

Diameter
2.44m

Length
7m

For the tower

For

C op

log

log 10 C op=K 1+ K 2 log 10 A + K 3

log

o
log 10 C p=2.9949+ 0.4465 log 10 32.73+0.3961
C op =$ 38,053.39

For

Fm

Design Pressure
1 bar

A3=61,

For

Fm =3.13

Fp
2

log 10
log 10 F p=C 1 +C2 log 10 P+ C3
C1 =0
C2 =0
C3 =0
F P=1

C BM =C oP F BM
C BM =C oP (B1 +B 2 F P F M )
C BM (2001)=$ 38,053.39 ( 2.25+1.82 ( 1 )( 3.13 ) ) = $302395.51

C BM (2015)=$

2,736,411.15

560
=$ 428,075.64
394

For the trays

Tray (tower) area =

For

D / 4 = 4.676

C op

log

o
log 10 C p=K 1+ K 2 log 10 A + K 3
log

0.3961
2.9949+0.4465 log 10 4.676+
log 10 C op=
C op =$ 2963.08

C BM =C oP N F BM f q
N=48

f q=1.0(since number of trays> 20,)

F BM =1.83 (Sieve tray, SS identification number = 61)
C BM =C oP N F BM f q
C BM (2001) = ($2963.08)(48tray)(1.83)(1) = $260,276.95
C BM (2015) = $260,276.95 (562/397)
C BM (2015) = $368452.51

Total

C BM (2015) = $ $ 428,075.64+ $ 368452.51

Total

C BM (2015) = $796,528.00

Mixer (Mix 100, Mix 101, Mix 102)

Material of Construction: Stainless steel

Mixer type: In line Mixer (Impeller)

Power = 1.5 kW
For

Cp

log

o
log 10 C p=K 1+ K 2 log 10 A + K 3
lo g10 1.5 2
log 10 C op=3.8511+0.7009 log 10 1.5+ (0.0003 )
C op = $9429.42

For

F BM

F BM =1.38 ( Table A .7 )

C BM =C oP F BM
C BM = $9429.42 1.38
C BM (2001)=$ 13012.60

C BM (2015)=$ 13012.60

560
394

C BM (2015)=$ 18,420.85

Pump
P-100
P=0.122kW
Pump use is reciprocating pump

C BM =C po ( B1 + B2 F P F M )
logA 2
o
log C p ( 2001 )=K 1+ K 2 logA + K 3

log0.122 =3.683
3.8696+ ( 0.3161 ) log 0.122+ 0.1220

C p o ( 2001 )=$ 4815.44,C po (2015 )=$ 4815.44

560
( 394
)=$ 6844.29

To ensure that the equipment does mot damage, thus the operating condition
chooses is 4bar. From Figure Fp=1 since C1, C2 and C3=0
Form table A.18 for the carbon steel pump, Fm=1
From table A. B1 and B2 for reciprocating pump is 1.89 and 1.35

1.89
Thus, C BM =( 6844.29 ) +1.35 (1)(1)) = $22175.50
P-101
P=0.047kW
Pump use is reciprocating pump

C BM =C po ( B1 + B2 F P F M )
logA 2
log C p o ( 2001 )=K 1+ K 2 logA + K 3
2

log0.047 =3.665
3.8696+ ( 0.3161 ) log 0.047+0.1220

C p o ( 2001 )=$ 4623.55,C po (2015 )=$ 4623.55

=$ 6571.54
( 560
394 )

To ensure that the equipment does mot damage, thus the operating condition
chooses is 4bar. From Figure Fp=1 since C1, C2 and C3=0

Form table A.18 for the carbon steel pump, Fm=1

From table A. B1 and B2 for reciprocating pump is 1.89 and 1.35

Thus,

1.89
C BM =( 6571.54 ) +1.35 (1)(1)) = $21291.81

8.2 Cost of operating labor,

COL

By using Alkayat and Gerrard correlation,

N OL =(6.29+3.17 P2 +0.23 N np )0.5

Equipment

Quantity

N np

Reactor
Heat

1
7

1
7

exchanger
Compress

2
3
1
3
1
Total

1
1
14

or
Pump
Vessel
Tower
Mixer
Furnace

For this case, the value of P is zero,

N OL =(6.29+3.17 (0)2+ 0.23(14))0.5

= 3.0838
The value of

N OL is the number of operators required to run the process unit

per shift . A single operator works on the average 49 weeks( 3 weeks time off
for vacation and sick leave) a year, five 8-hour shift a week.

5 shift 49 week
shift per operator
x
=245
week
year
year

A chemical plant operates 24 hours per day. This required

=365

days
year

shift
day = 1095

x3

shift
year

The number of operators needed to provide this number of shift is

1095

shift
week

245

shift per operator

year

= 4.5 operators

N OL

Operating labor= 4.5 x

= 4.5 x 3.0838
= 13.8771
The cost of operating,

COL is equal the salary given to each of operator

yearly which in this case the yearly salary given is RM 30,000

Thus COL= 14 x 30 000 = RM420 000
8.3 Cost of utilities,
No.
1.

Type
Low-Pressure Steam

CUT

Equipment
E-100

Price
$14.05/GJ

E-106

2.

3.

Electricity

Cooling Water

C-100

Price $/ year

41 274.207
610.344

$0.06/kWh

29 947.22

C-101

18 071.99

C-102

25 674.98

C-103

2 269.41

P-100

41.11

P-101

70.83

E-103

$0.354/GJ

196 202.8

E-104

220 595.58

E-105

2 174.73

F-100

186 634.20

Sample calculation
Utilities cost
E-100
Duty is

98.124 1 0 GJ / s

=3.6 36 1 0 GJ / h . From low-pressure

steam=$14.05/GJ
6

Energy balance ,Q=98.124 1 0 GJ /s=msteam (1699.3 kJ /kg)

6

0.353 GJ / h=msteam (1699.3 10 GJ /kg)

msteam =207.878 kg /h
y early cost= ( 0.353 ) ($ 14.05 /GJ ) ( 24 ) ( 365 ) ( 0.95 )=$ 41,274.207 / y

E-103
Duty is 1.85 X 104 J/s. From table above, cooling water = $ 0.354/GJ
Yearly cost = Q x Csteam x t
= (5.83 x 105 GJ/y) ($ 0.354/GJ) (0.96) (RM 4.30 / $ )
= RM 843 672.04 / year
E-104
Duty is 2.08 X 104 J/s. From table above, cooling water = $ 0.354/GJ
Yearly cost = Q x Csteam x t

= (6.56 X 105 GJ/y) ($ 0.354/GJ) (0.96) (RM 4.30 / $ )

= RM 948 561. 00/ year
E 105
Duty is 0.7382 GJ/h. From table 8.3, Cost of cooling water = 0.354 / GJ
Q = 0.7382 GJ/h = cw Cpcw Tcw
= cw (4.18 kJ/kgC) (37C -254C)
= cw (4.18 kJ/kgC) (-217C)
= - 907.06 kJ/kg (cw)
Since the negative sign shows that the heat is released, thus we assumed 907.06 kJ/kg (cw) becomes - 907.06 kJ/kg (cw).
cw = (0.7382 x 109 J/h) (907.06 x 103 J/kg)
= 813.84 kg/h
Yearly cost

= (0.7382 GJ/h)(24h/day)(365 day/year)(0.354/ GJ)(0.95)

= 2174.73 / year
E-106
Duty is 5.22

10-3 GJ/h. From Low-Pressure Steam = $ 14.05/GJ

Energy Balance: Q = 5.22

10-3 GJ/h = (

msteam ( 1699.3 ) kJ/kg

m steam = 3.0719 kg/h = 8.533 104

Yearly cost = (Q)(Csteam)(t) = (5.22

10-3 GJ/h)($ 14.05/GJ)(24)(365)(0.95)

= $ 610.344/yr
Compressor
C-100
Electric power =

Pdr = Output power/ dr

 dr

obtained from figure 8.7 is 89%

Electric power = 53.379 kW/ 0.89

= 59.976 kW
Yearly cost = 59.976 kW x0.06kW/h x 24h x 365 x 0.95
= $29 947.22
C-101
Electric power = Pdr = Output power/dr
dr = obtained from figure 8.7 is 88%
Electric power = 31.85kW/0.88 = 36.1932 kW

Yearly Cost = (36.1932kW/h)(0.06kW/h)(24h)(365)(0.95)

= $18 071.9886/y
C-102
Electric power = Pdr = Output power/dr
dr = obtained from figure 8.7 is 89%
Electric power = 50.2137kW/0.89 = 56.4199 kW
Yearly Cost = (51.4199kW)(0.06kW/h)(24h)(365)(0.95)
=$ 25 674.9845/y
C-103
Electric power = Pdr = Output power/dr
dr = obtained from figure 8.7 is 80%
Electric power = 3.630 kW/0.80 = 4.5450 kW
Yearly Cost = (4.5450)(0.06kW/h)(24h)(365)(0.95)
= $2269.4094/y

P-100
P=0.122kW

log 0.122 2=86.76

Efficiency ( )=75+11.5 log ( 0.122 ) 1.5
Electric power=0.122/0.86=0.142 kW
yearly cost =( 0.142 )( 0.06 )( 24 ) (365 )( 0.95 )=$ 70.83/ y
P-101
P=0.047kW

log 0.047 2=57.08

Efficiency ( )=75+11.5 log ( 0.047 )1.5
Electric power=0.047/0.57=0.082 kW
yearly cost =( 0.082 )( 0.06 )( 24 ) (365 )( 0.95 )=$ 41.11 / y

8.4 Cost of water treatment ,

CWT

Assume that the gases waste are released to air

Waste water treatment:
Description
Tertiary ( filtration, activated sludge,

Cost ($)
56/1000m

and chemical processing)

Flowrate of waste water = 118137.6kg/year

Yearly cost =

$ 56
m
118137.6 kg
x
x
1000 m 1000 kg
year

= $6.616

When convert to RM, the yearly cost for water treatment is RM28.85.

8.5 Cost of raw materials,

Yearly cost of steam =

C RM

$ 29.59 759450.54 kg
x
1000 kg
y

= $2247.23
=RM 9 797.92/year

Yearly cost of methane =

7.916 sen 620234.015 kg

x
x 0.9
kg
y

=4418795.216 sen/year
= RM 44 187.95

Yearly cost of ethane =

10 sen 620234.015 kg
x
x 0.1
kg
y

= 620234.015sen/year
= RM 6 202.34
TOTAL

C RM = RM 50 390.29/year

8.6 Cost of manufacturing,

COM d

The cost of manufacture without depreciation,

COM d

is:

COM d = 0.180FCI + 2.73 COL + 1.23( CUT ) + CWT

C RM )

=(0.180x16386489) + (2.73 x 420 000 ) +(1.23 x 3154754 ) + 28.85. +50390.29

= RM 8246784