I owe my heartfeet and sincere gratitude to my

PHYSICS TEACHER MR.NABAKISHORE PRADHAN for his

kind co-operation and able guidance.
My special thanks to our respected principal
MR.SANJEEV KUMAR SINHA for his co-operation and
encouragement.
I am very much thankful to CBSE authorization for
their idea about the project for me to come across so
many facts about which I didnt know.

NAME :-SUBRAT SAHOO

CLASS :-XII(SC.)
ROLL :-

This is to certify that SUBRAT

SAHOO of class XII science ,
D.A.V Public School , MCL ,
Kalinga Area has successfully
completed his Physics project
under the guidance and
supervision of Mr. Nabakishore
pradhan , Physics
Department , during the
academic session of 20132014.

Mr.S.K.Sinha
Principal
D.A.V. Public School
Kalinga Area ,MCL

Mr.Nabakishore pradhan
PGT,PHYSICS
D.A.V. Public School
Kalinga Area ,MCL

To investigate the relation

between the ratio of
(i)Input and output voltage
and
(ii)Number of turns in the
secondary coil and primary
coil of a self designed

TRANSFORMER.

The transformer is a
device used for
converting a low
alternating voltage to
a high alternating
voltage or a high
alternating voltage
into a low alternating
voltage.

It is based on the principle of mutual induction

that is if a varying current is setup in a circuit

induced e.m.f. is produced in the neighbouring

circuit.The varying current in a circuit produce
varying magnetic flux which induces e.m.f. in
the neighbouring circuit.

An iron rod
Copper wires of different
gauge(diameter)
Two a.c. voltmeters
Two a.c. ammeters

The working of a transformer is based on mutual induction

phenomenon.Let an ideal transformer in which the primary
and secondary coil has negligible resistance and all the
flux in the core links both primary and secondary
windings.
The induced emf in the primary coil
EP =-NPd/dt
The induced emf in the secondary coil,
ES=-NSd/dt
Where the is the magnetic flux linked with each turn of
primary and secondary coil at a time t.then
ES/EP=NS/NP=K=Transformation ratio

-1

For an ideal transformation,there is no loss of energy,then

Input power=output power
IPEP=ISES
IP/IS=ES/EP=K
-2
From 1 and 2 we get
ES=NS=IP
E P NP I S

1)
A thick iron rod was taken and it was covered with a
thick paper and a large number of turns of thick Cu wire
was winded on thick paper(say 60).This constitutes
primary coil of the transformer.

2)
The primary coil was covered with a sheet of paper
and relatively smaller number of turns(say 20) of thick
copper wire was wounded on it.This constitutes the
secondary coil.It is a step down transformer.
3)
P1P2 is connected to a.c. mains (Say 220v) and the
input voltage and current is measured using a.c.
voltmeter and ammeter respectively.
4)
Similarly, the output voltage and current was
measured through S1S2.
5)
Now the S1S2 was connected to a.c. mains and again
voltage and current was measured through primary and
secondary coil of step-up transformer.
6)
All steps for other self made transformer is repeated
by changing number of primary turns in secondary coils.

SL.N
o.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

No. of
turns
in
prima
ry
coil(N
P)

No. of
turns in
second
ary
coil(NS)

Volta
ge in
prima
ry
coil
EP

Curre
nt in
P. coil
IP

Voltage
in
second
ary coil
ES

Current
in
second
ary coil
IS

Loss
of
pow
er B

The output voltage of the

transformer across the
secondary coil depends upon
the ratio NS/NP w.r.t. input
voltage.
The output current of the
transformer across the
secondary coil depends upon
the turn ratio NS/NP w.r.t.
input current.
There is loss of power
between input and output
coil of a transformer.

Keep safe yourself from the

high voltage.
While taking the readings of
current and voltage,the a.c.
main supply should remains
constant.

Values of current can be

changed due to heating
effect of current.
The eddy current can
change the readings.

I successfully completed this project

with the help of the following source:
Comprehensive Laboratory manual in
physics on class-XII by Dr. J.P. Sharma
laxmi publication pvt. Ltd.
NCERT PHYSICS CLASS XII
WWW.GOOGLE.CO.IN