Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Scrolling Text Display
Scrolling Text Display
Scrolling Text Display
INTRODUCTION
1. INTRODUCTION
Todays publicity trends are involving with novel methods. The presentation part plays
vital role for publicity. So there are different methods to display the presentations are developing
like direct printing of images on hoardings using cloth, neon display systems, rolling screens
electronic display systems etc. out of all, electronic display systems are dominating in
presentation of advertisements.
For small message presentations this rolling display sign boards are very effective than
any other display systems. These are compact and economical for general applications. Rolling
Displays are ideal for all type of commercial establishments like Hotels, Restaurants, Banks,
Airports, and other such places to get maximum attention of people where vast amounts of
information need to be conveyed to large audiences both quickly and efficiently, also in the
world of indoor and outdoor displays.
These displays attract customers to watch the display with curiosity and your scrolling
Message also is conveyed simultaneously. Very good advertising results are obtained from these
Unique displays with latest technology.
This Project PC Based Rolling Display Sign Board using Micro Controller basically
depends upon the micro controller and its software. There should be standard PC Keyboard to
input to the message to be displayed. You can change the message as often as you want your self
with ordinary computer keyboard without any prior experience of any kind.
The display unit should be able to display at least 4 characters at a time. The total
message may be taken as maximum 40 characters. There should be provision for shifting of data
from Right to Left. Each character requires 8 x 8 matrix display. So 64 LEDs are required for the
displaying one character. Therefore total 256 LEDs are required for displaying 4 characters at a
time.
INTRODUCTION TO
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
WORKING PRINCIPLE
OF MOVING MESSAGE
DISPLAY
The Principle of Operation of the PC BASED ROLLING DISPLAY SIGN BOARD USING
MICRO CONTROLLER is mainly depends upon the following two functions.
(i)
Serial interface between the PC and Display Board using RS-232 communication
protocol
(ii)
Row and Column selection of the LED Dot Matrix Board by using Micro controller
along with the help of 4-16 decoders.
(i)
(ii)
The corresponding ASCII code for the character typed is transferred to microcontroller through the level converter (MAX-232). The micro-controller reads the
corresponding letter typed with the help of RXD pin. The program for selecting the
rows and columns is written in the assembly language is stored in micro-controller
itself.
DESIGN PROCEDURE
4. DESIGN PROCEDURE
The design of any project is a step by step method. The design involves some basic steps
They are
Circuit design
PCB design
Checking the components
Installing the components into PCB
Testing
The PCB layouts of the transmitter and receiver are given as bellow
Transmitter
Receiver
10
11
4.5 Testing
Testing of the designed PCB is the crucial thing. The testing can be done in different
ways. The testing of power supply can be done in first step. Testing of the transmitter and
receiver is done in second step by connecting the function generators output to transmitter and
checking the out put of the receiver in CRO. After that the whole circuit is tested by giving the
input to MC and checking the output at the display. For checking the display, multimeter is kept
in supply mode. By placing positive terminal at row (anode) pins and negative terminal at
columns (cathode) corresponding LEDs are tested.
12
BLOCK DIAGRAM
5. BLOCK DIAGRAM
5.1 Transmitter Block Diagram
13
Fig 5.1
Fig 5.2
14
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
AND
OPERATION
15
Fig 6.1
To display message in the display board we need to compile the above c program in
standard compilers. After the compilation the program asks to input the data that is to be
displayed. The input data to be started with star (*) and ends with the same. The PC transmits the
data through the RS232 to transmitter. As we have to convert the RS232 logic levels to CMOS
logics we use MAX232 in middle of them. The data to be transmitted is modulated by OOK
modulation at 433 MHZ frequency and transmitted as analog signal by the transmitter.
16
The 433 MHZ frequency analog signal is received by the receiver. The receiver demodulates and
converts it to obtain the original data. The output from the receiver is connected to the pin10
(RXD) of microcontroller (AT89C51).A reset circuit is connected to pin9 (RST) of MC. The
17
18
POWER SUPPLY
7. POWER SUPPLY
19
Most digital logic circuits and processors need a 5 volt power supply. To use these parts
we need to build a regulated 5 volt source. To make a 5 volt power supply, we use a LM7805
voltage regulator IC. The IC is shown below.
The LM7805 is simple to use. You simply connect the positive lead of your unregulated
DC power supply (anything from 9VDC to 24VDC) to the Input pin, connect the negative lead to
the Common pin and then when you turn on the power, you get a 5 volt supply from the Output
pin.
Sometimes the input supply line may be noisy. To help smooth out this noise and get a
better 5 volt output, a capacitor is usually added to the circuit, going between the 5 volt output
and ground (GND). We use a 220 uF capacitor.
20
Fig 7.2
The transformer drops 240 volt 'mains' voltage to 9 volts. The diode 'bridge' changes the
8.5 volts AC into DC. The 1000uF capacitor helps to maintain a constant input into the regulator.
As a general guide this capacitor should be rated at a minimum of 1000uF for each amp of
current drawn and at least TWICE the input voltage. The 0.1uF capacitor eliminates any high
frequency pulses that could otherwise interfere with the operation of the regulator.
Voltage regulators are very robust. They can withstand over-current draw due to short
circuits and also over-heating. In both cases the regulator will shut down before damage occurs.
The only way to destroy a regulator is to apply reverse voltage to its input. Reverse polarity
destroys the regulator almost instantly. To avoid this possibility you should always use diode
protection of the power supply. This is especially important when using nine volt battery supplies
as it is common for people to 'test' the battery by connecting it one way and then the other. Even
this short 'test' would destroy the regulator if a protection diode were not used.
21
22
SERIAL
COMMUNICATION
8. SERIAL COMMUNICATION
8.1 Personal Computer:
Personal computer is a general purpose computer. This is having the DB9 male port to
connect to the external devices. In this project C compiler is necessary for transmitting the data
through the DB9 port. A key board is required to input the data in to PC. The Keyboard must
23
1
9
8
7
6
2
1
3
4
5
Fig 8.1
The above shown connector known as 9-pin, D-type male connector is used for RS232
connections. The pin description is given in the following table.
Pin number
1
2
Common
RS232 name
Description
Signal direction
Name
/CD
RXD
CF
BB
IN
IN
24
TXD
/DTR
GND
/DSR
/RTS
/CTS
--
BA
Transmitted data
CD
Data terminal ready
AB
Signal ground
CC
Data set ready
CA
Request to send
CB
Clear to send
CE
Ring indicator
Table 8.1.
OUT
OUT
-IN
OUT
IN
IN
1
9
8
7
6
1
2
3
4
5
Fig 8.2
We cannot simply connect our system to this terminal with out providing proper hand
shaking signal. For communicating with RS-232 type equipment, the /RTS of the connector is
simply looped into the /CTS, so /CTS will automatically be asserted when /RTS is asserted
internally. Similarly the /DTR is looped into /DSR and /CD, so when PC asserts its /DTR output
the /DSR and /CD inputs are automatically be asserted. These connections do not provide for any
hardware hand shaking. They are necessary to get the PC and our system talk each other.
8.3 MAX 232:
The AT89C51 microcontroller is based on CMOS logic. CMOS logic levels are logic 0
for 0.1 to 1V and logic 1 for 3.5 to 5V. But as mentioned above in RS232 the logic levels are quit
reverse to CMOS levels. So to convert the RS232 logic levels to CMOS levels we have use
MAX232.
25
output
0.4
0.1
0.1
Logic-high
output
2.4
3.5
3.5
(minimum)
Logic-low
0.8
input
0.8
(maximum)
Logic-high
2.0
input
3.5
2.0
(maximum)
(minimum)
Table 5.2
The pin description and internal blocks of the MAX232is given below as diagram
26
Fig 8.3
Fig 8.4
Four external capacitors store energy for the supplies. The recommended value for the
capacitors is 1F or larger.
The capacitors in MAX232 are connected as fallows
The 4 external 1uF capacitors are used by the internal charge pump to create +10V and -10V
For the first capacitor, the negative leg goes to pin 3 and the positive leg goes to pin 1.
For the second capacitor, the negative leg goes to pin 5 and the positive leg goes to pin 4.
For the third capacitor, the negative leg goes to 5 volts and the positive leg goes to pin 2.
For the fourth capacitor, the negative leg goes to pin 6 and the positive leg goes to ground.
27
RF LINK
28
9. RF LINK
For different application we are using different frequency for transmitting the data. But in this
project we are using 433 MHz frequency because it is the license free zone.
The RF link consists of
RF Transmitter (STT 433)
RF Receiver (STR 433)
9.1 RF TRANSMITTER:
The transmitter used is STT-433 (Sunrom Technologies Transmitter). The STT433 is ideal for remote control applications where low cost and longer range is required.
The transmitter operates from a 1.5-12V supply, making it ideal for battery-powered
applications. The transmitter employs a SAW-stabilized oscillator, ensuring accurate
frequency control for best range performance. Output power and harmonic emissions are
easy to control, making FCC and ETSI compliance easy. The manufacturing-friendly SIP
style package and low-cost make the STT-433 suitable for high volume applications.
9.1.1 Features
433.92 MHz Frequency
Low Cost
1.5-12V operation
11mA current consumption at 3V
Small size
4 dBm output power at 3V
29
9.1.2 Applications
Fig 9.1
ANT
Description
50 ohm antenna output. The antenna port impedance affects output power
and harmonic emissions. An L-C low-pass filter may be needed to
sufficiently filter harmonic emissions. Antenna can be single core wire of
approximately 17cm length or PCB trace antenna
Operating voltage for the transmitter. VCC should be bypassed with a .
VCC
01uF ceramic capacitor and filtered with a 4.7uF tantalum capacitor. Noise
on the power supply will degrade transmitter noise performance.
Digital data input. This input is CMOS compatible and should be driven
DATA
GND
9.1.4 OPERATION
OOK (On Off Keying) modulation is a binary form of amplitude modulation.
When a logical 0 (data line low) is being sent, the transmitter is off, fully suppressing the
carrier. In this state, the transmitter current is very low, less than 1mA. When a logical 1
is being sent, the carrier is fully on. In this state, the module current consumption is at its
highest, about 11mA with a 3V power supply.
30
9.2 RF RECEIVER
The STR-433(Sunrom Technologies Receiver) is ideal for short-range remote
control applications where cost is a primary concern. The receiver module requires no
external RF components except for the antenna. It generates virtually no emissions,
making FCC and ETSI approvals easy. The
Super-regenerative design exhibits exceptional sensitivity at a very low cost. The
manufacturing-friendly SIP style package and low-cost make the STR-433 suitable for
high volume applications.
9.2.1 Features
Low Cost
31
9.2.2 Applications
Sensor reporting
Automation system
On-Site Paging
Asset Tracking
Fig 6.2
Description
ANT
GND
Antenna input.
GND Receiver Ground. Connect to ground plane
VCC pins are electrically connected and provide operating voltage for
VCC(5V)
DATA
32
33
34
MICROCONTROLLER
35
10. MICROCONTROLLER
10.1 INTRODUCTION
Looking back into the history of microcomputers, one would at first come across the
development of microprocessor, but the stand alone microprocessor is not self-sufficient.
It requires other components like memory and I/O devices to form a workable system
configuration. The device which contains a microprocessor and the above mentioned
components is a microcontroller. The introduction of microcontrollers drastically changed the
microprocessor based system design. The earlier versions of Intels microcontrollers 8031 and
8051 do not have on-chip EPROM and lock bit protection modes. So we are using AT89C51
microcontroller in our project.
The AT89C51 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 4K
bytes of Flash programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM). The device is
manufactured using Atmels high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with
the industry-standard MCS-51 instruction set and pin out. The on-chip Flash allows the program
memory to be reprogrammed to the IC. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a
monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89C51 is a powerful microcomputer which provides a highlyflexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications.
The AT89C51 provides for 4k EPROM/ROM, 128 byte RAM and 32 I/O lines. It also
includes a universal asynchronous receive-transmit (UART) device, two 16-bit timer/counters
and elaborate interrupt logic. Lack of multiply and divide instructions which had been always
felt in 8-bit microprocessors/micro controllers, has also been taken care of in the 89C51- Thus
the 89C51 may be called nearly equivalent of the following devices on a single chip: 8085 +
8255 + 8251 + 8253 + 2764 + 6116.
36
10.2 FEATURES
In short, the AT89C51 has the following on-chip facilities:
4k ROM (EPROM on 8751)
128 byte RAM
UART
32 input-output port lines
Two, 16-bit timer/counters
Six interrupt sources and
On-chip clock oscillator and power on reset circuitry
37
Fig 10.1
10.4 ARCHITECTURE
38
Fig 10.2
Use of external memory requires that three of its 8-bit ports (out of four) are configured
to provide data/address multiplexed bus. Hi address bus and control signals related to external
memory use. The RXD and TXD ports of UART also appear on pins 10 and 11 of 8051 and
8031, respectively. One 8 bit port, which is bit addressable and, extremely useful for control
applications.
The UART utilises one of the internal timers for generation of baud rate. The crystal used
for generation of CPU clock has therefore to be chosen carefully. The 11.0596 MHz crystals;
available abundantly, can provide a baud rate of 9600.
40
32 Bytes
Register Selector
Bank
RB0
16 Bytes
Addressing
Area
RB1
RB2
80 Bytes
General Purpose
RB3
00-IF: Used for four banks of eight registers of 8-bit each. The four banks may be selected by
software any time during the program.
20-2F: The 16 bytes may be used as 128 bits of individually addressable locations. These are
extremely useful for bit oriented programs.
41
42
43
Port/Register
P0 (Port 0)
SP (stack pointer)
DPH (data pointer High)
DPL (data pointer Low)
TCON (timer control)
TMOD (timer mode)
TLO (timer 0 low byte)
TL1 (timer 1 low byte)
TH0 (timer 0 high byte)
TH1 (timer 1 high byte)
P1 (port 1)
SCON (serial control)
SBUF (serial buffer)
P2 (port 2)
Interrupt enable (IE)
P3 (port 3)
Interrupt priority (IP)
Processor status word (PSW)
Accumulator (ACC)
B register
Table 10.1
Description:
P0 (Port 0, Address 80h, Bit-Addressable):
This is input/output port 0. Each bit of this SFR corresponds to one of the pins on the
microcontroller. For example, bit 0 of port 0 is pin P0.0, bit 7 is pin P0.7. Writing a value of 1 to
a bit of this SFR will send a high level on the corresponding I/O pin whereas a value of 0 will
bring it to a low level.
SP (Stack Pointer, Address 81H):
This is the stack pointer of the microcontroller. This SFR indicates where the next value
to be taken from the stack will read from in internal RAM. If you push a value on to stack, the
value will be written to the address of SP+1. That is to say, if SP holds the value 07H, a push
instruction will push the value on to the stack at the address 08H. This SFR is modified by all
44
--
--
GF1
GF0
PD
IDL
SMOD :
Double baud rate bit. If Timer 1 is used to generate baud rate and SMOD
= 1, the baud rate is doubled when the Serial Port is used in modes 1, 2,
or 3
GF1
GF0
PD
Power Down bit. Setting this bit activates Power Down operation.
IDL
Idle Mode bit. Setting this bit activates Idle Mode operation.
TR1
TF0
TR0
IE1
IT1
IE0
IT0
0
45
TR1: Timer 1 run control bit. Set/cleared by software to turn Timer/Counter 1 ON/OFF.
TF0:
TR0: Timer 0 run control bit. Set/cleared by software to turn Timer/Counter 0 ON/OFF.
IE1:
External Interrupt 1 edge flag. Set by hardware when the External Interrupt edge
is detected. Cleared by hardware when the interrupt is processed.
IT1:
IE0:
External Interrupt 0 edge flag. Set by hardware when External Interrupt edge
detected. Cleared by hardware when interrupt is processed.
IT0:
C/T
M1 M0
GATE
C/T
M1
M0
GATE: When TRx (in TCON) is set and GATE = 1, TIMER/COUNTERx runs only
while the INTx pin is high (hardware control). When GATE = 0,
TIMER/COUNTERx will run only while TRx = 1 (software control).
C/T:
Timer or Counter selector. Cleared for Timer operation (input from internal
system clock). Set for Counter operation (input from Tx input pin).
M1
M0
M2
0
1
0
1
MODE
0
1
2
3
46
DESCRIPTION
13 Bit counter
16 Bit counter
8 Bit counter with auto reload
Split timer 0 into 8bit counters or
SM1
SM2
REN
TB8
RB8
T1
R1
0
SM0
0
1
0
1
MODE
0
1
2
3
OPERATION
Shift registers, baud=f/12
8-bit UART; baud=variable
9-bit UART; baud=f/32 or f/64
9-bit UART; baud=variable
ET2
ES
ET1
EX1
ET0
EA
IE.7
EX0
0
IE.6
ET2
IE.5
ES
IE.4
ET1
IE.3
EX1
IE.2
ET0
IE.1
-----
PT2
PS
PT1
PX1
PT0
PX0
IP.7
IP.6
PT2
IP.5
PS
IP.4
PT1
IP.3
PX1
IP.2
PT0
IP.1
PX0
IP.0
AC
FO
RS1
RS0
OV
P
0
CY
PSW.7
Carry flag.
AC
F0
RS1
RS0
OV
49
ALTERNATE USE
Serial data input
Serial data output
External interrupt 0
External interrupt 1
External timer 0 input
External timer 1 input
External memory write pulse
External memory read pulse
Table 7.2
SFR
SBUF
SBUF
TCON-1
TCON- 2
TMOD
TMOD
------------
The two internal timers are wired to the system clock and prescaling factor is decided by the
software, apart from the count stored in the two bytes of the timer control registers. One of the
counters, as mentioned earlier, is used for generation of baud rate clock for the UART. It would
be of interest to know that the 8052 has a third timer which is usually used for generation of baud
rate.
The reset input is normally low and taking it high resets the micro controller, In the
present hardware, a separate CMOS circuit has been used for generation of reset signal so that it
could be used to drive external devices as well.
50
51
DISPLAY DRIVERS
52
Fig 11.1
Table 11.1
Fig 11.2
When the LATCH ENABLE (LE) input is HIGH, the Q outputs will follow the D inputs.
When the LATCH ENABLE goes LOW, data at the D inputs will be retained at the outputs until
LATCH ENABLE returns HIGH again. When a HIGH logic level is applied to the OUTPUT
53
54
F
Fig 11.3
Table 11.2
11.2.2 Features:
55
Fig 8.4
56
DISPLAYS
12. DISPLAYS
12.1 Introduction
There are so many types of displays which are generally classified into 2 ways.
57
2)
2)
moreover they are not versatile i.e. they cannot be used to display any other character other than
number.
12.1.2 SEMI CONDUCTOR DISPLAYS ARE:
1.
2.
LCD Display
3.
numbers.
LCD displays are not used for big display applications, because it is small in size and it
will not give illumination as much as compared to that of LED.
LED Dot Matrix displays are used for this purpose
58
(2)
(3)
No warm up time
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
12.2.2 Applications:(1)
59
(3)
(4)
(5)
Thus to
accommodate four letters at the same instant, it need 8 x 4 = 32 LEDs in the Horizontal direction.
In the vertical direction, it may keep a provision of 8 LEDs leaving the bottom most row for the
cursor.
60
Fig 12.1
00
3E
51
49
45
3E
00
00
DB
: pattern for 0
00
00
42
7F
40
00
00
00
DB
: pattern for 1
00
46
61
51
49
46
00
00
DB
: pattern for 2
00
22
41
49
49
36
00
00
DB
: pattern for 3
00
30
28
24
22
7F
00
00
DB
: pattern for 4
00
2F
49
49
49
31
00
00
DB
: pattern for 5
00
3E
51
49
49
32
00
00
DB
: pattern for 6
00
41
21
11
09
07
00
00
DB
: pattern for 7
00
36
49
49
49
36
00
00
DB
: pattern for 8
00
26
49
49
49
3E
00
00
DB
: pattern for 9
00
7C
12
11
12
7C
00
00
DB : pattern for A
00
7F
49
49
49
36
00
00
DB : pattern for B
00
3E
41
41
41
22
00
00
DB : pattern for C
61
7F
41
41
41
36
00
00
DB : pattern for D
00
7F
49
49
41
41
00
00
DB : pattern for E
00
7F
09
09
01
01
00
00
DB
00
3E
41
49
49
3A
00
00
DB : pattern for G
00
7F
08
08
08
7F
00
00
DB : pattern for H
00
00
41
7F
41
00
00
00
DB
: pattern for I
00
30
40
40
40
3F
00
00
DB
: pattern for J
00
7F
08
14
22
41
00
00
DB : pattern for K
00
7F
40
40
40
40
00
00
DB : pattern for L
00
7F
02
04
02
7F
00
00
DB : pattern for M
00
7F
02
04
08
7F
00
00
DB
: pattern for N
00
3E
41
41
41
3E
00
00
DB
: pattern for O
00
7F
09
09
09
06
00
00
DB
: pattern for P
00
3E
41
51
61
7E
00
00
DB
: pattern for Q
00
7F
09
19
29
46
00
00
DB
: pattern for R
00
26
49
49
49
32
00
00
DB
: pattern for S
00
01
01
7F
01
01
00
00
DB
: pattern for T
00
3F
40
40
40
3F
00
00
DB
: pattern for U
00
IF
20
40
20
IF
00
00
DB
: pattern for V
00
3F
40
3F
40
3F
00
00
DB
: pattern for W
00
63
14
08
14
63
00
00
DB
: pattern for X
00
01
02
7C
02
01
00
00
DB
: pattern for Y
00
61
51
49
45
43
00
00
DB
: pattern for Z
62
: pattern for F
C PROGRAM
13. C PROGRAM
63
#define DATA_READY
0x100
#define TRUE 1
#define FALSE
64
65
SOURCE CODE
;> TARGET
: AT89C51
;> VERSION
: VER-01
;> STARTED
: 07-04-2004
;>
INCLUDES
$MOD51
;>
FLAGS
;>
VARIABLES
;>
:
:
CNT1
DATA 20H
CNT2
DATA 21H
INIT_ADDR
DATA 22H
MEM_PTR
DATA 30H
VECTOR ADDRESESS:
ORG
ljmp
ORG
0000H
INITIALISATION
000BH
push ACC
push
PSW
lcall DISPLAY
pop
PSW
pop
ACC
reti
ORG
001BH
reti
67
0023H
push ACC
push
jbc
ajmp
PSW
RI, RECEIVE_DATA
SKIP_CHKS
RECEIVE_DATA:
mov
A, SBUF
R5, #01H
ljmp
SKIP_CHKS
STORE_DATA:
cjne R5, #01H, SKIP_CHKS
cjne A, #5BH, STORE_DATA1
STORE_DATA1:
jnc
SKIP_CHKS
mov
R5, #00H
mov
@R1, A
inc
R1
R1
@R1, #' '
R1
@R1, #' '
R1
@R1, #' '
68
R1
mov
@R1, #'*'
call
LOOP_RST
mov
R1, #MEM_PTR
SKIP_CHKS:
pop
PSW
pop
ACC
reti
;>INITIALISATION:
mov
P0, #0FFH
mov
P1, #0FFH
mov
P2, #0FFH
mov
P3, #0FFH
mov
SP, #65H
mov
DPTR, #0400H
mov
TMOD, #21H
anl
mov
pcon, #7fh
mov
th1,
#0f4h
mov
scon, #052h
; set smod
; set TH1 for 2400 rate.
; set MODE 1, REN.
IE, #92H
setb TR0
setb TR1
mov
R5, #00H
mov
R2, #00H
69
R3, #00H
mov
R4, #00H
mov
R1, #MEM_PTR
call
LOOP_RST
mov
R0, #MEM_PTR
mov
R1, #MEM_PTR
mov
INIT_ADDR, R0
setb
mov
inc
mov
inc
mov
inc
mov
inc
mov
inc
mov
inc
mov
inc
mov
inc
REN
@R1, #'A'
R1
@R1, #'B'
R1
@R1, #'C'
R1
@R1, #'D'
R1
@R1, #'E'
R1
@R1, #'F'
R1
@R1, #'G'
R1
@R1, #'H'
R1
;>MAIN:
70
MAIN
;>DISPLAY:
cjne @R0,#'*', GO_FOR_DISP
mov
R0, #MEM_PTR
mov
INIT_ADDR, R0
GO_FOR_DISP:
call
LOAD_CHAR
mov
A, R3
movc A, @A + DPTR
mov
P0, A
clr
P2.7
clr
P2.6
nop
setb
P2.7
setb
P2.6
nop
mov
P2, R2
mov
A, R2
jb
ACC.4, SELECT1
clr
P2.4
setb
P2.5
SELECT1:
jnb
ACC.4, SELECT2
clr
P2.5
setb
P2.4
71
R3
R3, #00H
R0
R0
STOP_OVF:
inc
mov
CNT1
A, CNT1
CNT1, #00h
INIT_ADDR
SKIP_CHARC:
inc
R2
R2, #00H
mov
R0, INIT_ADDR
SKIP_RELOAD:
mov
TH0, #0FDH
mov
TL0, #00H
RET
LOOP_RST:
72
@R1, #'*'
R1
DPTR, #LET_A
ret
NOT_FOR_A:
cjne @R0,#'B', NOT_FOR_B
mov
DPTR, #LET_B
ret
NOT_FOR_B:
cjne @R0,#'C', NOT_FOR_C
mov
DPTR, #LET_C
ret
NOT_FOR_C:
cjne @R0,#'D', NOT_FOR_D
mov
DPTR, #LET_D
ret
NOT_FOR_D:
cjne @R0,#'E', NOT_FOR_E
mov
DPTR, #LET_E
ret
NOT_FOR_E:
73
DPTR, #LET_F
ret
NOT_FOR_F:
cjne @R0,#'G', NOT_FOR_G
mov
DPTR, #LET_G
ret
NOT_FOR_G:
cjne @R0,#'H', NOT_FOR_H
mov
DPTR, #LET_H
ret
NOT_FOR_H:
cjne @R0,#'I', NOT_FOR_I
mov
DPTR, #LET_I
ret
NOT_FOR_I:
cjne @R0,#'J', NOT_FOR_J
mov
DPTR, #LET_J
ret
NOT_FOR_J:
cjne @R0,#'K', NOT_FOR_K
mov
DPTR, #LET_K
ret
NOT_FOR_K:
cjne @R0,#'L', NOT_FOR_L
74
DPTR, #LET_L
ret
NOT_FOR_L:
cjne @R0,#'M', NOT_FOR_M
mov
DPTR, #LET_M
ret
NOT_FOR_M:
cjne @R0,#'N', NOT_FOR_N
mov
DPTR, #LET_N
ret
NOT_FOR_N:
cjne @R0,#'O', NOT_FOR_O
mov
DPTR, #LET_O
ret
NOT_FOR_O:
cjne @R0,#'P', NOT_FOR_P
mov
DPTR, #LET_P
ret
NOT_FOR_P:
cjne @R0,#'Q', NOT_FOR_Q
mov
DPTR, #LET_Q
ret
NOT_FOR_Q:
cjne @R0,#'R', NOT_FOR_R
mov
DPTR, #LET_R
75
DPTR, #LET_S
ret
NOT_FOR_S:
cjne @R0,#'T', NOT_FOR_T
mov
DPTR, #LET_T
ret
NOT_FOR_T:
cjne @R0,#'U', NOT_FOR_U
mov
DPTR, #LET_U
ret
NOT_FOR_U:
cjne @R0,#'V', NOT_FOR_V
mov
DPTR, #LET_V
ret
NOT_FOR_V:
cjne @R0,#'W', NOT_FOR_W
mov
DPTR, #LET_W
ret
NOT_FOR_W:
cjne @R0,#'X', NOT_FOR_X
mov
DPTR, #LET_X
ret
76
DPTR, #LET_Y
ret
NOT_FOR_Y:
cjne @R0,#'Z', NOT_FOR_Z
mov
DPTR, #LET_Z
ret
NOT_FOR_Z:
cjne @R0,#'0', NOT_FOR_0
mov
DPTR, #LET_0
ret
NOT_FOR_0:
cjne @R0,#'1', NOT_FOR_1
mov
DPTR, #LET_1
ret
NOT_FOR_1:
cjne @R0,#'2', NOT_FOR_2
mov
DPTR, #LET_2
ret
NOT_FOR_2:
cjne @R0,#'3', NOT_FOR_3
mov
DPTR, #LET_3
ret
NOT_FOR_3:
77
DPTR, #LET_4
ret
NOT_FOR_4:
cjne @R0,#'5', NOT_FOR_5
mov
DPTR, #LET_5
ret
NOT_FOR_5:
cjne @R0,#'6', NOT_FOR_6
mov
DPTR, #LET_6
ret
NOT_FOR_6:
cjne @R0,#'7', NOT_FOR_7
mov
DPTR, #LET_7
ret
NOT_FOR_7:
cjne @R0,#'8', NOT_FOR_8
mov
DPTR, #LET_8
ret
NOT_FOR_8:
cjne @R0,#'9', NOT_FOR_9
mov
DPTR, #LET_9
ret
NOT_FOR_9:
cjne @R0,#'.', NOT_FOR_DOT
78
DPTR, #LET_DOT
ret
NOT_FOR_DOT:
cjne @R0,#'#', NOT_FOR_AA
mov
DPTR, #LET_AA
ret
NOT_FOR_SPACE:
mov
DPTR, #LET_STAR
ret
ORG
0400H
LET_A:
db
00H
db
7CH
db
12H
db
11H
db
12H
db
7CH
db
00H
db
00H
; 'A'
LET_B:
db
00H
db
7FH
db
49H
db
49H
db
49H
; 'B'
79
36H
db
00H
db
00H
LET_C:
db
00H
db
3EH
db
41H
db
41H
db
41H
db
22H
db
00H
db
00H
; 'C'
LET_D:
db
00H
db
7FH
db
41H
db
41H
db
41H
db
3EH
db
00H
db
00H
; 'D'
LET_E:
db
00H
db
7FH
db
49H
; 'E'
80
49H
db
41H
db
41H
db
00H
db
00H
LET_F:
db
00H
db
7FH
db
09H
db
09H
db
01H
db
01H
db
00H
db
00H
; 'F'
LET_G:
db
00H
db
3EH
db
41H
db
49H
db
49H
db
3AH
db
00H
db
00H
; 'G'
LET_H:
db
00H
; 'H'
81
7FH
db
08H
db
08H
db
08H
db
7FH
db
00H
db
00H
LET_I:
db
00H
db
00H
db
41H
db
7FH
db
41H
db
00H
db
00H
db
00H
; 'I'
LET_J:
db
00H
db
30H
db
40H
db
40H
db
40H
db
3FH
db
00H
db
00H
; 'J'
82
00H
db
7FH
db
08H
db
14H
db
22H
db
41H
db
00H
db
00H
; 'K'
LET_L:
db
00H
db
7FH
db
40H
db
40H
db
40H
db
40H
db
00H
db
00H
; 'L'
LET_M:
db
00H
db
7FH
db
02H
db
04H
db
02H
db
7FH
; 'M'
83
00H
db
00H
LET_N:
db
00H
db
7FH
db
02H
db
04H
db
08H
db
7FH
db
00H
db
00H
; 'N'
LET_O:
db
00H
db
3EH
db
41H
db
41H
db
41H
db
3EH
db
00H
db
00H
; 'O'
LET_P:
db
00H
db
7FH
db
09H
db
09H
; 'P'
84
09H
db
06H
db
00H
db
00H
LET_Q:
db
00H
db
3EH
db
41H
db
51H
db
61H
db
7EH
db
00H
db
00H
; 'Q'
LET_R:
db
00H
db
7FH
db
09H
db
19H
db
29H
db
46H
db
00H
db
00H
; 'R'
LET_S:
db
00H
db
26H
; 'S'
85
49H
db
49H
db
49H
db
32H
db
00H
db
00H
LET_T:
db
00H
db
01H
db
01H
db
7FH
db
01H
db
01H
db
00H
db
00H
; 'T'
LET_U:
db
00H
db
3FH
db
40H
db
40H
db
40H
db
3FH
db
00H
db
00H
; 'U'
LET_V:
86
00H
db
1FH
db
20H
db
40H
db
20H
db
1FH
db
00H
db
00H
; 'V'
LET_W:
db
00H
db
3FH
db
40H
db
3FH
db
40H
db
3FH
db
00H
db
00H
; 'W'
LET_X:
db
00H
db
63H
db
14H
db
08H
db
14H
db
63H
db
00H
; 'X'
87
00H
LET_Y:
db
00H
db
01H
db
02H
db
7CH
db
02H
db
01H
db
00H
db
00H
; 'Y'
LET_Z:
db
00H
db
61H
db
51H
db
49H
db
45H
db
43H
db
00H
db
00H
; 'Z'
LET_0:
db
00H
db
3EH
db
51H
db
49H
db
45H
; '0'
88
3EH
db
00H
db
00H
LET_1:
db
00H
db
00H
db
42H
db
7FH
db
40H
db
00H
db
00H
db
00H
; '1'
LET_2:
db
00H
db
46H
db
61H
db
51H
db
49H
db
46H
db
00H
db
00H
; '2'
LET_3:
db
00H
db
22H
db
41H
; '3'
89
49H
db
49H
db
36H
db
00H
db
00H
LET_4:
db
00H
db
30H
db
28H
db
24H
db
22H
db
7FH
db
00H
db
00H
; '4'
LET_5:
db
00H
db
2FH
db
49H
db
49H
db
49H
db
31H
db
00H
db
00H
; '5'
LET_6:
db
00H
; '6'
90
3EH
db
51H
db
49H
db
49H
db
32H
db
00H
db
00H
LET_7:
db
00H
db
41H
db
21H
db
11H
db
09H
db
07H
db
00H
db
00H
; '7'
LET_8:
db
00H
db
36H
db
49H
db
49H
db
49H
db
36H
db
00H
db
00H
; '8'
91
00H
db
26H
db
49H
db
49H
db
49H
db
3EH
db
00H
db
00H
; '9'
LET_STAR:
db
00H
db
6BH
db
1CH
db
7FH
db
1CH
db
6BH
db
00H
db
00H
; '*'
LET_SPACE:
db
00H
db
00H
db
00H
db
00H
db
00H
db
00H
;''
92
00H
db
00H
LET_DOT:
db
00H
db
60H
db
60H
db
00H
db
00H
db
00H
db
00H
db
00H
db
'.'
db
','
db
'Z'
; '.'
END
93
LIST OF COMPONENTS
94
NAME
QUANTITY
IC
AT89C51
IC
74HC154
IC
74LS573
IC
MAX 232
IC
LM7805
Port
RS232
Transistor
BC548
Transistor
BC 547
16
Transistor
BC 557
64
Diodes
1N4007
LED
RED
Capacitors
10 uf/25v
Capacitors
1000 uf/25v
Capacitors
33 pf
Capacitors
1 uf
Transformer
0-230/9-0-9V (1A)
Crystal
11.0596 MHZ
Transmitter
STT433
Receiver
STR433
Resistor
100 k
Resistor
10 k
Resistor
22 k
Resistor
100 ohms
32
95
RESULTS
16. Results
96
Fig 16.1
Fig 16.2
Fig 16.3
97
APPLICATIONS,
ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES
98
Advantages
The message to be displayed can be changed as often we need, by using PC.
The cable is not necessary in between transmitter and receiver. So the receiver can
be placed anywhere in the particular range from the transmitter.
Multiple receivers can be used for a single transmitter.
Capital alphabets (A-Z), numbers (0-9), dot (.) and space can be displayed
Disadvantages:
There should be a power supply board at the location of receiver.
The receiver may be affected by the noise in noisy areas. If noise exists in
received signal the display displays star (*) symbol instead of that character.
This can not be used for longer distances.
99
FUTURE SCOPE
100
101
DESIGNING COST
102
NAME
QUANTITY
COST
IC
AT89C51
45.00
IC
74HC154
24.00
IC
74LS573
10.00
IC
MAX 232
6.00
IC
LM7805
5.00
Port
RS232
7.00
Transistor
BC548
1.00
Transistor
BC 547
16
16.00
Transistor
BC 557
64
64.00
Diodes
1N4007
7.50
LED
RED
4.00
600.00
Capacitors
10 uf/25v
2.00
Capacitors
1000 uf/25v
2.00
Capacitors
33 pf
2.00
Capacitors
1 uf
1.00
Transformer
0-230/9-0-9V (1A)
120.00
Crystal
11.0596 MHZ
15.00
Transmitter
STT433
250.00
Receiver
STR433
300.00
3.00
Resistor
100 k
1.00
Resistor
10 k
4.00
Resistor
22 k
1.00
Resistor
100 ohms
32
32.00
103
1,458.50
--
750.00
Components
--
1,458.50
Miscellaneous
-200.00
---------------------------------------------Total
--
2,408.50
If we need a bulk quantity then we can reduce the total cost to Rs1700/- because it costs
Rs500/- for the design of layout for PCB. Once the layout is designed then we can make
as many PCBs we need and further there will be no design cost. So we can reduce
Rs500/- in PCB design and Rs200/- approx. in components and others. So totally we can
reduce Rs700/- from total cost of the project kit.
104
105
106
107
BIBLIOGRAPHY
21. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Referenced Books
108
Referenced websites
http://www.atmel.com
http://www.datasheetcatalog.com
http://datasheets.maxim-ic.com
http://en.wikipedia.org
http://www.electro-tech-online.com
http://www.best-microcontroller-projects.com
http://www.nuxie1.com
http://www.cadstarworld.com
http://www.digchip.com
109