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FFHGH FGH
FFHGH FGH
A=
a+b+c+d
2
A + C
B + D
=
or =
2
2
s=
A = ab sin B + cd sin D
Parallelogram
D
a
Given diagonals d1 and d2 and included
angle :
A = d1 d2 sin
A = ab sin A
C
Rhombus
d1
A
d2
90
B
Trapezoid
a+b
h
A=
2
Cyclic Quadrilateral
d1
d2
Area =
d
A
Perimeter, P = 4a
a
Diagonal, d = a 2
General quadrilateral
b
Arc C = r radians =
r
180
Area = r2 radians =
r 2
360
A = d1 d2 sin
6
1
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
triangle
quadrangle or quadrilateral
pentagon
hexagon
heptagon or septagon
octagon
nonagon
r = angle in radians
b
AT
AT
AT
ra =
; rc =
; rb =
s b
sa
sc
Circle circumscribed about a quadrilateral
A circle is
circumscribed
about a
quadrilateral if it
passes through
the vertices of
the quadrilateral.
r c
a
d
2
bh
3
A quad
s
d
;
s = (a + b + c + d)
abcd
SOLID GEOMETRY
= 360 -
r r
POLYHEDRONS
Ellipse
Area = a b
Perimeter, P
P = 2
c
a
Parabolic segment
Area =
Aquad =
r=
r
r
Segment of a circle
2
D
d1
d2
s = (a + b + c + d)
POLYGONS
AT
s
s = (a + b + c)
r=
Aquad =
Area = C r
Area, A = a2
r=
Sector of a circle
Diagonal, d = a 2 + b 2
Perimeter, P = n x
n2
180
Interior angle =
n
Exterior angle = 360 / n
Circumference = 2 r = D
2
Area, A = r2 =
D
4
( s a)( s b)( s c )( s d)
Square
abc
4A T
ra
Circle
Ptolemys theorem
Perimeter, P = 2(a + b)
c
b
ra
Area, A = R2 sin n = x r n
a+b+c+d
s=
2
r=
ra
= 360 / n
A + C = 180
B + D = 180
Rectangle
Circumcenter
of the triangle
Inscribed
circle
x = side
= angle subtended by the side from the
center
R = radius of circumscribing circle
r = radius of inscribed circle, also called the
apothem
n = number of sides
A cyclic
quadrilateral is a
quadrilateral
whose vertices
lie on the
circumference of
a circle.
A = a2 sin A
Apothem
a+b+c
2
R
R
A = d1 d2
s( s a)(s b)(s c )
Area, A = ab
Regular polygons
s=
A=
d2
Number of diagonals, D
The diagonal of a polygon is the line
segment joining two non-adjacent sides.
The number of diagonals is given by:
n
D = (n 3)
2
C
d1
PLANE AREAS
RADIUS OF CIRCLES
PLANE GEOMETRY
decagon
undecagon
dodecagon
quindecagon
hexadecagon
=
=
=
=
=
Part of:
Plane and Solid Geometry by
RTFVerterra October 2003
Triangle
10 sides
11 sides
12 sides
15 sides
16 sides
a2 + b2
2
PRISM
b
b
ELLIPSOID
Azone = 2rh
Directrix
h
(3r h)
3
Volume =
b
a
Spherical segment
of two bases
r
As = 2rh
Ab
Volume = Ab h
c
b
a2 + b2 + c 2
d2 = a 3
d1
Directrix
Ab
Truncated prism
1
Ab h
3
Volume =
AR
Volume = AR
C
c
C
r
r 3E
Volume =
540
Axis of
rotation
h2 + (R r ) 2
cg
h
r
h
r
L
L
[A 1 + 4A m + A 2 ]
6
x2
x1
x1
4 3
r
3
Surface area, As = 4r2
L/2
L/2
x2
x1
x2
x1
SPHERE
Volume =
A2
SOLID OF REVOLUTION
Am
A1
Volume =
r = radius of sphere
E = spherical excess of the polygon
E = sum of angles (n 2)180
h 2 2
R + r + Rr
3
Lateral area = (R + r) L
3/2
3
4r r 2
r
2
h
+
2 4
2
3h
PRISMOIDAL RULE
B
r
A1
CYLINDERS
h
A 1 + A 2 + A 1A 2
1 2
r h
2
Volume =
Spherical pyramid
h = altitude
r 2E
180
E = sum of angles (n 2)180
A2
Area =
Volume =
r 3
270
A2
L = slant height =
b 2 1 + e
ln
1 e
e
PARABOLOID OF REVOLUTION
h
Volume = A 1 + A 2 + A 1A 2
r 2
90
Vwedge =
Frustum of pyramid
As = 2a2 +
Alune =
A1
1
Ab h
3
4 2
a b
3
Ab
Volume =
AL =
Frustum of a cone
Wedge
A lune
4r 2
=
360
4 3
r
Vwedge
= 3
360
Volume =
Volume =
L = slant height = r + h
1
1 2
Ab h =
r h
3
3
Lateral area, AL = r L
h
n
PYRAMIDS
Volume =
h2
Oblate spheroid
h3
h1
a2 b2 / a
Spherical polygons
h4
Lune
Generator
d2
1
2
A zone r = r 2 h
3
3
Volume =
a2 + c 2
Space diagonal, d2 =
CONE
Volume = Ab h = abc
Lateral area, AL = 2(ac + bc)
Total surface area, AS = 2(ab + bc + ac)
Face diagonal, d1 =
Lateral area, AL
AL = Base perimeter h
AL = 2 r h
4
abc
3
Prolate spheroid
Volume = Ab h = r2 h
d1
Rectangular parallelepiped
Volume =
h 2
(3a + 3b 2 + h2 )
Volume =
6
Volume = Ab h
d2
Ab
x2
and
V1
V2
x
= 1
x2