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Material Selection Using Ashby Method
Material Selection Using Ashby Method
Process
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
6
Mirror Backing Material..................................................................6
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deflection etc.
To begin with, you have to consider all materials.
Apply property limits - that is maximum allowed limits of a
property and reduce the number of candidate materials: for
example, eliminate materials that can not work in the service
temperature range.
Use Performance Index/ Material Index to further reduce the set
of materials
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Pan
5000 series: Al+Mg(3%) , Strong - Pressure Vessels
Requirement
For certain designs - variable separation exist :
I E p=f 1 [F] f 2 [G] f 3 [M]
Here M denotes the Material Index
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Performance Index - Minimize the mass of the Tie - m=Al where A is the
- Fl/AE<
Eliminating A , we get m>(F / )(l 2 )( /E)
Lightest Element that can carry F is the one which has maximum E/ .
Material Index M= E/
2 Module 5 :
Selection Process
2.1 Topics to cover in this lecture:
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where k is the spring constant and meff is the effective mass. The spring constant of a
cantilevered beam with uniform cross section is given by
For a rectangular cross section with a width b (perpendicular to the deflection) and a
height h one obtains for I = bh3 /12
Combining the expressions we get the final result for f as :
Now, the effective mass can be calculated using Raleigh's method. If you recall, the
general expression for the kinetic energy T using Raleigh's method is
For uniform beam with a constant cross section and length, the deflection may be
expressed as:
It is evident from this equation, that one way to increase the eigen- frequency is to
choose a material with as high a ratio of E/ as possible. In fact the Material Property
index in this case is given by M=(E/ ) 1/2 . The table below shows the E/ values of a
few materials. As per the table both Aluminium and Steel are good candidates for this
purpose.
E(1010 N/m2 )
Material
(103 Kg/m3 )
E/
Al
2.7
2.6
Brass
8.5
1.1
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Steel
20
7.8
2.6
Tungsten
39
19.3
2.0
2.3 Elastic Deflection of a Telescope Mirror Backing Under its Own Weight
Let us consider another example, the design of a backing plate for
telescopic mirror. The objective is to select a suitable material
which will give minimum central deflection of the circular plate
for the same mass of the plate. The thickness of the plate 't' is a
free variable.
it
is
value
of
the
accordingly,
Mg/m3
E GPa
3 /E
Steel
200
7.8
1.54
Concrete
47
2.5
0.56
Al
69
2.7
0.53
Glass
69
2.5
0.48
GFRP
40
2.0
0.45
Wood
12
.6
0.13
PU
.06
.1
0.13
CFRP
270
1.5
0.11
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