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CCNA Lab Series (Manthang) PDF
CCNA Lab Series (Manthang) PDF
Mn Thng (manthang)
manvanthang@gmail.com
http://manthang.wordpress.com
HCM, 02/2012
Gii thiu
thc hin cc lab trong ti liu ny, bn cn chun b cc th sau:
1. Mt my tnh c ci t Packet Tracer
Download bn 5.3 ca n y:
http://www.mediafire.com/?zziz2tziywj
Cc thao tc xy dng m hnh mng v cu hnh cho cc thit b u c thc hin
trong Packet Tracer.
2. Standalone Labs for CCNA
L ebook ting Anh m ti da vo ni dung trong bin son thnh ti liu ting
Vit ny. Bn c th ti n v y:
http://www.mediafire.com/?3tc66h1n35s4xf3
Mt s u im trong cc bi lab do ti bin son so vi ebook trn l:
Lu
Trc khi i vo thc hin theo cc hng dn trong ti liu ny, bn nn bit l:
1. Cc bi lab c thit k ph hp cho nhng bn no nm kh vng chng
trnh hc ca chng ch CCNA, th nn phn l thuyt v mng cn bn ni
chung cng nh nhng phn chuyn bit trong CCNA ni ring s khng c
cp chi tit trong cc bi lab.
2. Do trn Internet cng c kh nhiu bi vit hng dn cch ci t v s dng
Packet Tracer ri nn ti s khng trnh by li na. Di y l mt s a ch
bn tham kho:
http://vnexperts.net/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=755&Itemid=199
http://www.scribd.com/doc/4291610/Hng-dn-s-dng-Packet-Tracer-kakalotsai
Mc lc
Lab 1: Connecting and Logging on to a Cisco Router .......................................................... 5
Lab 2: I ntroduction to the Basic User I nterface ........................................................................ 6
Lab 3: I ntroduction to Basic Show Commands ........................................................................ 8
Lab 4: CDP ................................................................................................................................... 11
Lab 5: Extended Basics .............................................................................................................. 17
Lab 6: Setting the Banner MOTD (Message of the Day) ....................................................... 19
Lab 7: Copy command ............................................................................................................. 21
Lab 8: I ntroduction to Interface Configuration...................................................................... 24
Lab 9: I ntroduction to IP (I nternet Protocol) ........................................................................... 29
Lab 10: ARP.................................................................................................................................. 33
Lab 11: Creating a Host table................................................................................................... 36
Lab 12: Static Routes.................................................................................................................. 39
Lab 13: RI P.................................................................................................................................... 44
Lab 14: Troubleshooting RI P ...................................................................................................... 48
Lab 15: IGRP ................................................................................................................................ 54
Lab 16: PPP and CHAP............................................................................................................... 60
Lab 18: Sav ing Router Configurations...................................................................................... 62
Lab 19: Loading Router Configurations ................................................................................... 65
Lab 20: Frame Relay................................................................................................................... 67
Lab 24: I ntroduction to Basic Switch Commands .................................................................. 70
Lab 28: Standard Access Lists ................................................................................................... 73
Lab 29: Verify Standard Access Lists ........................................................................................ 77
Lab 30: Extended Access Lists................................................................................................... 79
Lab 31: Verify Extended Access Lists........................................................................................ 81
7. Ti du nhc lnh, g phm khong trng hin th trang thng tin k tip
<space bar>
8. G mt trong cc lnh sau ng xut khi router
Router#exit
hoc
Router#disable
9. Lnh sau c dng nhn v cc thng tin quan trng nh: loi router platform,
phin bn (revision) ca OS, ln khi ng cui v v tr tp tin image ca OS, lng
b nh, s lng cng giao tip (interface), v cc thanh ghi cu hnh (configuration
register)?
Router#show version
14. Xem trng thi tng qut v cc giao thc layer 3 cng nh trng thi ca cc
interface
Router#show protocols
10
Lab 4: CDP
Giao thc CDP (Cisco Discovery Protocol)
A. Mc tiu ca bi lab:
Hiu c cc chc nng ca CDP
B. Chun b cho bi lab:
Chng ta s s dng Router 1 v Router 4.
C. Cc bc thc hin:
1. Trn Router 1, vo ch cu hnh ton cc (global configuration mode)
Router>enable
Router#conf t
Router(config)#
2. Trn Router 1, thay i hostname thnh R1
Router(config)#hostname R1
R1(config)#
3. Thc hin li bc 1 v 2 trn Router 4
Router>enable
Router#conf t
Router(config)#hostname R4
11
R4(config)#
Lu : mc nh, tt c cc interface u b v hiu ha (khng th s dng c)
12
7. Trn R1, g lnh sau xem trng thi ca tt c cc interface ang chy CDP.
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#exit
R1#show cdp interface
Hin ti, router ang s dng CDP qung b i cc thng tin v cc interface ca
n v ng thi CDP cng gip n bit c cc router hng xm c kt ni
trc tip ti n.
8. Trn R1, g lnh sau hin th cc thng tin v cc hng xm ang c kt ni
trc tip ti R1
R1#show cdp neighbors
Trong hnh trn ta thy, thit b u tin trong danh sch cc hng xm ca R1 l
router R4 c kt ni trc tip ti cng Serial2/0 trn R1 (ct Local Interface). R1
nhn cc gi RDP update t R4, cc gi update ny cng cho ta bit c R1 s nm
gi cc thng tin cp nht v R4 trong bao lu. Ti thi im g cu lnh trn th thi
gian cn li l 133 giy (ct Holdtime). R4 l mt Cisco router thuc series 1000 nh
c th hin trong ct platform. Ct cui cng, Port ID, l cng trn trn thit b
(trong trng hp ny cng Serial2/0 ca R4) m t cc gi update c gi i.
13
9. Trn R1, g lnh sau xem nhiu thng tin chi tit hn v cc hng xm c kt
ni trc tip ti R1.
R1#show cdp neighbors detail
14
12. Trn R1, iu chnh s giy thi gian gia cc ln gi CDP update thnh 45, ta g
R1# conf t
R1(config)#cdp timer 45
Ngoi ra, ta cng c th iu chnh li gi tr holdtime. Gi tr ny cho bit router
nhn CDP update s lu gi cc thng tin trong CDP update (do cc router khc gi
ti) trong bao lu v y cng l mt tham s ton cc (global parameter).
13. Trn R1, iu chnh b m holdtime thnh 60 giy, ta g
R1#conf t
R1(config)#cdp holdtime 60
14. Trn R1, g lnh sau xc nhn li nhng thay i va to ra trn
R1#show cdp
u ra ca cu lnh s nh sau
Global CDP information:
Sending CDP packets every 45 seconds
Sending a holdtime value of 60 seconds
Sending CDPv2 advertisements is enabled
Nu R1 khng c kt ni trc tip vi bt k Cisco router no trn mng, hoc n
gin tit kim bng thng, ta cn xem xt vic tt CDP trn R1.
15. Trn R1, tt hon ton CDP
R1#conf t
R1(config)#no cdp run
16. Cng trn R1, kch hot li CDP trn tt c cc interface ca router
R1#conf t
R1(config)#cdp run
Lc ny, c th ta ch mun tt CDP i vi mt s interface c th no , v d cc
interface c bng thng thp hoc v cc l do bo mt.
15
16
17
7. Enable password dng kim sot vic truy cp vo Privileged mode. y l loi
mt khu cc k quan trng cn bo mt bi v trong Privileged mode bn c th thay
i cu hnh cho router. t enable password thnh network ta thc hin lnh
sau
mmt(config)#enable password network
8. kim tra password ny. Thot khi router v th vo li Privileged mode vi mt
khu network va thit lp trn. By gi, g conf term v lm tip cc hng dn
bc k tip.
9. Vn duy nht vi enable password l n xut hin di dng plain-texttrong
file cu hnh ca router. Nu bn cn cho ai xem file ny h c th gip bn
khc phc vn no th v tnh bn l cc mt khu v iu ny e da n
bo mt ca h thng ca bn. Vy lm sao to ra cc mt khu c m ha?
Lnh sau s to mt khu cisco c lu tr dng m ha.
mmt(config)#enable secret cisco
10. Gi ta c th kim tra mt khu mi ny bng cch ng xut khi router v sau
g enable. Enable secret l mt mt khu b tr cao cp hn enable password,
thc t th n ghi enable password. Nu bn thit lp c 2 loi mt khu ny
th enable secret mi l mt khu m bn cn dng vo Privileged mode cn
enable password tuy vn hin din nhng hin ti b v hiu ha.
18
19
5. xem thng bo trn, ta thot khi Configuration mode v sau thot khi router.
Nhn Enter quay tr li v ta s thy c thng bo va t trn
20
5. Copy ni dung ca running-config trong RAM vo NVRAM. Khi router khi ng,
n s np cu hnh c lu tr trong NVRAM ny.
Router#copy running-config startup-config
21
22
23
24
R1(config-if)#end
R1#show interface
25
Interface is
administratively
down
up
Line protocol is
Down
ngha
Interface b tt bi lnh shutdown
Down
26
down
Down
up
Up
27
28
C. Cc bc thc hin:
Cu hnh cc a ch IP
1. u tin, kt ni ti Router1 v t hostname cho n l R1
Router>en
Router#conf t
Router(config)#hostname R1
2. Vo ch Interface configuration t a ch IP cho cng fa0/0 trn Router1
R1(config)#interface fa0/0
3. t a ch IP cho cho cng fa0/0 ny nh sau
R1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
4. Kch hot interface fa0/0 ny ln
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
29
6. M CLI ca Router2 ln
7. Gn hostname cho n l R2
Router>en
Router#conf t
Router(config)#hostname R2
8. t a ch IP cho cng fa0/0 trn R2 ny nh sau
R2(config)#interface fa0/0
R2(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
9. Kch hot interface ny ln
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
30
13. Kt ni tr li ti Router1
14. Th ping ti cng fa0/0 trn Router2
R1(config-if)#ping 10.1.1.2
15. Th ping ti cng Serial2/0 trn Router4
R1#ping 172.16.10.2
31
16. Kim tra v bo m trng thi ng kt ni v trng thi giao thc ca cc interface
trn Router u UP
32
C. Cc bc thc hin:
1. Kt ni ti Router1 (c hostname l R1) v xem bng ARP ca n.
R1>en
R1#show arp
2. Gn a ch IP cho cng Fa0/0 trn R1.
R1#conf t
R1(config)#interface fa0/0
R1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R1(config-if)#end
33
3. Xem li bng ARP ca R1. Lc ny ta thy xut hin mt dng (entry) duy nht l
thng tin v cng Fa0/0 trn R1
R1#show arp
34
7. Gi xem li bng ARP trn R1 v thy l xut hin thm mt entry dnh cho
cng Fa0/0 trn R2.
R1#show arp
8. Gi ta s xy dng li bng ARP trn R1, chy lnh sau xa thng tin trong bng
ARP ny.
R1#clear arp
9. Xem li bng ARP ca R1 ln cui v ghi nhn li cc entry trong .
R1#show arp
35
C. Cc bc thc hin:
1. Truy cp vo CLI ca Router1 v vo Privileged mode
Router>enable
Router#
2. Vo Configuation mode v t hostname cho Router1 l hn
Router#conf t
Router(config)#hostname hn
hn(config)#
3. t a ch IP cho cng Fa0/0 trn Router1 v kch hot cng ny ln nh sau
hn(config)#interface fa0/0
hn(config-if)#ip address 195.42.36.10 255.255.255.240
hn(config-if)#no shutdown
36
37
38
2. Sau khi cu hnh xong a ch IP trn mi interface nh trong hnh trn, ta s s dng
lnh ping kim tra rng cc router c ni trc tip nhau th c th lin lc c
vi nhau. Tc l khi bn ang Router1 th bn c th ping ti cng Fa0/0 ca
Router 2 v cng Ser2/0 ca Router 4.
39
40
41
6. Qua kt qu ca 3 lnh ping c th hin nh trong hnh trn ta thy, ch c duy nht
a ch IP 10.1.1.2 (cng Fa0/0 ca R2) l khng h gi li bt c gi ICMP reply no
cho R4, ti sao li nh vy?
Bn th hnh dung v suy lun th ny: mt gi tin lun chuyn trong mng (trong
trng hp ny l gi tin ICMP echo m R4 gi ti 10.1.1.2) c a ch mng ch l
10.1.1.0 khi ti R4 th da vo static route (c lu trong bng nh tuyn ca R4)
trn m R4 s quyt nh y gi tin ra ngoi cng Ser2/0 ca n v chuyn ti
cng Ser2/0 ca R1. V do R1 c kt ni trc tip vi mng 10.1.1.0 nn R1 s gi
gi tin ra ngoi cng Fa0/0 ca n.
Sau , R2 nhn c gi tin m va R1 gi ti v n mun phn hi li cho R4 mt
thng ip bo rng Ny, bn tm thy ti ri!. R2 bt u kim tra gi tin v
thy rng a ch IP ngun l 12.5.10.2 (cng Ser2/0 ca R4) nhng trong bng nh
tuyn ca R2 hin cha c route no dnh cho mng 12.5.10.0 (m 12.5.10.2 thuc
v) nn n nh hy b (drop) gi tin ny v ng thi khng gi li gi tin phn hi
cho R4. l l do ti sao R4 khng nhn c gi ICMP reply no khi ping ti
10.1.1.2.
7. Xem bng nh tuyn ca R4 m bo c tn ti static route m ta va to trn
42
43
44
R1(config)#router rip
R1(config-router)#
5. Thm cc mng m R1 kt ni trc tip ti.
R1(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0
R1(config-router)#network 172.16.0.0
45
R4#
R4#config t
R4(config)#
10. Cu hnh RIP cho R4.
R4(config)#router rip
R4(config-router)#
11. Thm (cc) mng m R4 kt ni trc tip ti.
R4(config-router)#network 172.16.0.0
12. Ta va cu hnh RIP cho tt c cc router. Nhn Ctrl+Z thot khi Privileged
mode v xt xem ta c th ping ti cc router khng c kt ni trc tip vi nhau
(gia R2 v R4) hay khng. T R2, th ping ti cng Ser2/0 ca R4 c a ch IP l
172.16.10.2.
46
15. Xem thng tin v (cc) giao thc nh tuyn m R4 ang s dng
R4#show ip protocols
47
2. Cu hnh giao thc nh tuyn RIP trn tt c cc router s dng cc cu lnh network
thch hp
48
Trn Router1
Trn Router2
49
Trn Router4
50
Trn Router2
Trn Router4
51
52
Trn Router1
Trn Router2
Trn Router4
53
54
2. Sau khi cu hnh xong a ch IP trn mi interface nh trong hnh trn, ta s s dng
lnh ping kim tra rng cc router c ni trc tip nhau th c th lin lc c
vi nhau. Tc l khi bn ang Router1 th bn c th ping ti cng Fa0/0 ca
Router 2 v cng Ser2/0 ca Router 4.
Trn Router1
Trn Router2
55
Trn Router4
56
57
14. Nu vic ping thnh cng trn c R2 v R4 th coi nh ta hon thnh xong vic cu
hnh nh tuyn cho cc router s dng EIGRP. Gi ta s xem qua bng nh tuyn
ca R1
58
15. Cui cng ta s xem thng tin v giao thc nh tuyn m R1 ang s dng m
bo rng cc cu hnh m ta va thc hin c hiu lc.
59
C. Cc bc thc hin:
1.
2. Cng trn R1, chy lnh sau cu hnh cc tham s (username v password) dng
xc thc vi R2
60
4. Tng t nh cc bc cu hnh cho R1 trn, trn Router2 ta cng thc hin tun t
nh sau:
- t hostname R2.
- Cu hnh cc tham s xc thc: username l R1 (hostname ca Router1) v password
l mmt03 (ging vi mt khu ta va thit lp cho R1 trn).
- Chn phng thc xc thc l CHAP v ng gi l PPP v cho cng S2/0 ca R2
- Kch hot cng S2/0 ca R2 ln.
5. Cui cng, kim tra v xc nhn rng cc cu hnh trn lm vic ng, ta cn
m bo l t R2 c th ping ti cng S2/0 ca R1
61
C. Cc bc thc hin:
1. Kt ni ti Router 4 v vo Configuration mode
Router>en
Router#conf t
2. Gn hostname l Tampa cho Router 4
Router(config)#hostname Tampa
3. i vo cng Fa0/0 ca Router 4
62
Tampa(config)#int fa0/0
4. Gn a ch IP l 24.37.2.1 vi subnet mask l 255.255.255.0 cho cng Fa0/0 ny
Tampa(config-if)#ip address 24.37.2.1 255.255.255.0
5. Kch hot interface Fa0/0 ln
Tampa(config-if)#no shut
63
64
65
66
2. Cch 1: cu hnh frame relay dng physical interfaces trn cc cng serial ca
router. Cc bc gm t a ch IP, chnh DLCI, v chnh Imi-type l ANSI.
Trn Router1:
67
Trn Router2:
68
3. Cch 2: cu hnh frame relay dng sub interfaces trn cc cng serial ca router. Lu
do vn dng vi thng s cu hnh c nn ta khng cn g qu nhiu cu lnh. Ta
ch cn g a ch IP v frame map t interface gn cho sub interface.
Trn Router1
Trn Router2
69
70
71
10. By gi ta th kim tra mt khu enable secret ny bng cch tr v User mode v
sau g enable. Lu l khi tn ti c 2 loi mt khu l enable password v enable
secret th enable secret s c u tin s truy nhp vo Privileged mode. Do vy,
y ta cn nhp vo chui mt khu l cisco.
72
C. Cc bc thc hin:
1. Trn Router1, t a ch IP cho cc cng Fa0/0 v Ser2/0 nh sau:
73
5. Cu hnh RIP cho Router1 v thm network dnh cho cc cng Fa0/0 v Ser2/0
74
6. Cu hnh RIP cho Router2 v thm network dnh cho cng Fa0/0
7. Cu hnh RIP cho Router4 v thm network dnh cho cng Ser2/0
75
11. Kim tra li rng by gi Router4 khng th ping ti cng Fa0/0 ca Router2 na.
76
77
78
79
Router1(config)#exit
80
81
82
9.
83
84
C. Cc bc thc hin:
1. Cu hnh giao thc nh tuyn RIP trn c 2 router s dng cc lnh network thch
hp (xem li lab 13)
2. Chy lnh show ip route m bo cc tuyn ng trong bng nh tuyn
ca cc router l y v chnh xc. Sau kim tra kt ni gia cc thit b bng
lnh ping.
85
Trn Router1
Trn Router4
86
4. K tip ta s gn access list va to trn cho cng S2/0 ca Router1 v access list
ny s dnh cho hng inbound.
87
88
89
3. kim tra access list ny, th ping PC1 t PC2, PC3, PC4 v PC5. Nu PC2 v PC3
khng th ping ti PC1 nhng PC4 v PC5 th c th th ta access list lm vic
ng theo yu cu.
Trn PC2
90
Trn PC4
91
Trn PC3
Trn Router2
92
kim tra access list c lm vic ng cha, th ping PC1 t PC2 hoc PC2, nu
ping tht bi th chc mng, ta hon thnh xong bi lab 33 ny.
93
Cu hnh a ch IP cho cc cng Fa0/0 trn 2 router nh s trn. Sau kim tra
kt ni gia chng bng lnh ping.
C. Cc bc thc hin:
1. Kt ni vo Router1. y, Router1 ng vai tr lm thit b tip nhn cc yu cu
thit lp phin telnet v quy nh mt khu m cc thit b khc cn s dng nu
mun telnet vo n.
- Vo ch Configuration ca Router1.
- Truy cp vo cc line vty (virtual terminal). Mi vty i din cho mt phin telnet
ang hot ng v thng c ti a 15 line vty trn router. Router1 h tr cng
lc 5 phin telnet (tng ng vi 5 vty) th cu lnh m ta cn g vo y l
line vty 0 4
94
95
6. Tip tc, g lnh show sessions xem tt c cc phin telnet ang hot ng.
tr li lm vic vi phin telnet no , xc nh con s i din cho phin telnet
ri s dng lnh resume nh sau:
96
C. Cc bc thc hin:
1. Bt u bng vic cu hnh a ch IP cho cng Fa0/0 ca Router nh sau.
97
98
99
Nh hnh trn ta thy, PC2 c th ping ti Router nhng PC1 khng th ping c
PC1. Ti sao li nh vy?
Trn Switch, ta cu hnh cho VLAN 22 ch gm port Fa1/1. iu ny c ngha
rng tt c cc port cn li (Fa0/1, Fa2/1 -> Fa5/1) vn cn nm trong VLAN 1. V
th, khi PC2 (hin ang ni vi port Fa2/1) gi gi tin ping ti Switch th cc gi tin
c nh du l VLAN 1 v cng ng ngha vi vic chng ch c th i ra khi
cc port thuc VLAN 1 m thi. V kt qu l chng (cc gi tin ping t PC2) khng
th i ra khi port Fa0/1 thuc VLAN 22 ti PC1.
8. Gi ta li kt ni tr li Switch v cu hnh VLAN cho port Fa2/1 (hin ang ni vi
PC2) nm trong VLAN 22 nh sau
100
12. Kim tra li vic ping thnh cng gia Router, PC1 v PC2 bng cch t Router ping
ti PC1 v PC2
101
C. Cc bc thc hin:
1. t a ch IP cho interface VLAN1 ca Switch1 nh sau
102
3. Kim tra kt ni thnh cng gia 2 switch bng cch ping qua li gia chng
T Switch1 ping ti Switch2
103
104
105
C. Cc bc thc hin:
1. Sau khi cu hnh a ch IP cho cc interface ca cc router nh m hnh trn v xc
nhn rng cc router c ni trc tip vi nhau c th ping thnh cng ti nhau, tc
l R1 c th ping ti cng Fa0/0 ca R2 v cng Se2/0 ca R4.
2. Tip n ta s cu hnh OSPF lm giao thc nh tuyn trn cc router. iu ny rt
d thc hin, u tin ta cn vo Configuration mode trn R1. Sau chy lnh sau:
#router ospf 100
106
6. Hin ti th OSPF ang chy trn c 3 router. Nhn <Ctr>l + Z thot khi
Privileged mode v kim tra xem ta gia cc router khng c kt ni trc tip c
th ping thnh cng ti nhau hay khng. T R2 th ping ti cng Se2/0 ca R4 c IP
l 172.16.10.2
107
9. Trn R1, bit thng tin v giao thc nh tuyn m router ang s dng, ta chy
lnh sau
108
12. Cui cng, hin th tt c cc interface ca router ang s dng OSPF, ta chy lnh
sau:
-- Ht -109