3/5/2013

ASTM A159 - Standard Specification for

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ASTM A159 - Standard Specification for Automotive Gray Iron Castings

Main Casting Products

This specification applies to gray iron castings, cast in sand molds, used in the products of the

Stove Burner
Cast Iron Plate

automobile, truck, tractor, and allied industries.

Manhole Cover Casting

Brake Drum

The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.

Warping Head Casting

Table 1 Grades of gray iron

Ductile Iron Belt Pulley

Cast Iron Flywheel

Grade

Casting hardness range

Description

G1800

HB 187 max

ferritic-pearlitic

4.4 BID min or as agreed

G2500

HB 170-229

pearlitic-ferritic

HB 187-241

Cast Iron Brackets

pearlitic

Cast Iron Weight

4.4-3.9 BID or as agreed

G3500

HB 207-255

Gear Casting

pearlitic

Large Cast Steel Bracket

4.2-3.8 BID or as agreed

G4000

Tractor Gearbox
Pump Body

4.6-4.0 BID or as agreed

G3000

Boiler Ash Door

Cast Iron Stove Grate

HB 217-269

Cast Iron Drainage Pipe

pearlitic

Flange Castings

4.1-3.7 BID or as agreed

Cast Iron Pipe Fittings

Table 1.1 Typical chemical compositions of gray cast iron, %

Burner Grates for Gas Stove

Grey Iron Counter Weight

Grade

Carbon

Silicon

Manganese

Sulfur,

Phosphorus,

Approximate carbon

max

max

equivalent

G1800

3.40-3.70

2.30-2.80

0.50-0.80

0.15

0.25

4.25-4.5

G2500

3.20-3.50

2.00-2.40

0.60-0.90

0.15

0.20

4.0-4.25

G3000

3.10-3.40

1.90-2.30

0.60-0.90

0.15

0.15

3.9-4.15

G3500

3.00-3.30

1.80-2.20

0.60-0.90

0.15

0.12

3.7-3.9

G4000

3.00-3.30

1.80-2.10

0.70-1.00

0.15

0.10

3.7-3.9

Cast Iron Axle Support

Cast Iron Blocks
Gas Burner
Cast Iron Truck Castings
Cast Iron Tractor Parts
Cast Iron Stove Parts
Pump Shell and Valve Body
Cast Iron Umbrella Base

Table 1.2 Mechanical properties for design purposes

Cast Iron Pan, Cookware

Grade

G1800

Hardness

Tensile

range

strength,

HB 143-187

min

Transverse,

Deflection, min,

strength,

in, (mm)

psi(kgf/mm)

min, lb(kg)

18 000(14)

1720(780)

0.14(3.6)

25 000(17.5)

2000(910)

0.17(4.3)

30 000(21)

2200(1000)

0.20(5.1)

35 000(24.5)

2450(1090)

0.24(6.1)

40 000(28)

2600(1180)

0.27(6.9)

Boiler Soot Collector

5.0-4.4 BID
G2500

HB 170-229
4.6-4.0 BID

G3000

HB 187-241
4.4-3.9 BID

G3500

HB 207-255
4.2-3.8 BID

G4000

HB 217-269
4.1-3.7 BID

1.3 Application of gray iron in automotive castings (see Table 1.5)

1.4 The graphite flakes in gray iron give this metal many desirable properties. T hese include excellent
machine ability, high thermal conductivity, vibration dampening properties, and resistance to wear or
scuffing. Due to its low freezing temperature for a ferrous alloy, high fluidity, and low shrinkage
properties it is more readily cast in complex shapes than other ferrous metals.
Table 1.5 Typical applications of gray iron for automotive castings

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3/5/2013

ASTM A159 - Standard Specification for

Grade

General data

G1800

Miscellaneous soft iron castings (as cast or annealed) in which

strength is not of primary consideration. Exhaust manifolds may be
made of this grade of iron, alloyed or unalloyed. These may be
annealed castings for exhaust manifolds in order to avoid grow th
and cracking due to heat.

G2500

Small cylinder blocks, cylinder heads, air cooled cylinders, pistons,

clutch plates, oil pump bodies, transmission cases, gear boxes,
clutch housings, and light-duty brake drums.

G3000

Automobile and diesel cylinder blocks, cylinder heads, flywheels,

differential carries castings, pistons, medium-duty brake drums,
and clutch plates.

G3500

Diesel engine blocks, truck and tractor cylinder blocks and heads,
heavy flyw heels, tractor transmission cases, and heavy gear
boxes.

G4000

Diesel engine castings, liners, cylinders, and pistons.

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