Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Intro Animation
Intro Animation
AmyGooch
CS395:Introductionto
ComputerAnimation
Animation
Animate=togivelifeto
Specify,directlyorindirectly,howthing
movesintimeandspace
Tools
Twomaincategories
Computerassistedanimation
2D&21/2D
Inbetweening
Inking,virtualcamera,managing
data,etc
Computergeneratedanimation
Lowleveltechniques
Preciselyspecifyingmotion
Highleveltechniques
Describegeneralmotionbehavior
Lowleveltechniques
Shapeinterpolation(inbetweening)
Havetoknowwhatyouwant
Highleveltechniques
Generatemotion
withsetofrules
orconstraints
Physicallybased
motion
http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~job/Projects/SoundGen/video.html
Abstraction
Animatorcolorseachpixel
to
Tellcomputertomakemovieaboutadog
PerceptionofAnimations
Playbackrate
Samplingorupdaterate
TV:30images/second
SatMorningCartoons:
6differentimagespersecond
Eachimagerepeatedfivetimes
HeritageofAnimation
Persistenceofvision:discoveredabout
1800s
Zoetropeorwheeloflife
Flipbook
HeritageofAnimation
Cameratomakelifelessthingsmove
Meleis1890usingsimpletricks
EmilCohl(18571938,French)
HeritageofAnimation
J.StuartBlackton(American)
MeetThomasEdisonin1895
Combinedrawingandfile:TheEnchantedDrawing
Sixyearslater:HumorousPhasesofFunnyFaces
Animatedsmokein1900;Firstanimatedcartoonin1906
QuickTime and a
YUV420 codec decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime and a
YUV420 codec decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
HeritageofAnimation
FirstcelebratedAnimator
WinsorMcCay(American)
Littlenemo
GertietheDinosaur(1914)
QuickTime and a
YUV420 codec decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
HeritageofAnimation
Firstmajortechnicaldevelopment
JohnBray/EarlHurd(1910)
Translucentcels(shortforcelluloid)in
compositingmultiplelayers
Useofgreyscale(asopposedtoB&W)
Colorshortin1920
HeritageofAnimation
OutofBraysstudio
MaxFleischer(BettyBoop,,
Popeye)
Patentedrotoscopingin1915
Draingimagesoncellsby
tracingoverpreviouslyrecorded
liveaction
PaulTerry(Terrytoons:
MightyMouse)
GeorgeStallings(?)
WalterLantz(Woody
Woodpecker)
HeritageofAnimation
Animationasanartform
Firstanimatedcharacterwithpersonality
FelixthecatbyOttoMessmer(1920s)
Forcetoreckonedwith
SoundandWaltDisney
Disney:Animationasanartform
Innovations
Storyboardtoreviewstory
Pencilsketchtoreviewmotion
Multiplanecamerastand
Color(notfirsttousecolor)
Sound!
SteamboatWillie(1928)
MultiplaneCamera
Movescenelayersindependentlyofcamera
http://www.geocities.com/SunsetStrip/Club/9199/Animation/Disney_Multiplane.html
MGMandWarnerBrothers,etc.
OtherMediaAnimation
Computeranimation
isoftencomparedto
stopmotion
animation
QuickTime and a
YUV420 codec decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Puppetanimation
WillisOBrian(King
Kong)
RayHarryhausen
(MightjoeYong,
Jasonandthe
Argonauts)
OtherMediaAnimation
Claymation
Pinheadanimation
Sandanimation
Physicalobjectismanipulated,image
captured,repeat
Hierachyoffilm/animation
Presentation
Act
Scene
Shot
Frame
ProductionofAnimation
Preliminarystory
Storyboard
Detailedstory
KeyFrames
Testshot
Penciltest
Inbetweening
Inking
Coloring
ComputerAnimation
basicallyfollowsthis
pipeline
ComputerAnimationas
Animation
Lassetertranslatedprinciplesofanimation
asarticulatedbytwoofNineOldMenof
Disneytocomputeranimation
Lasseterisconventionallytrainedanimator
WorkedatDisneybeforegoingtoPixar
Manycelebratedanimations
Knickknack(oscarwinning)
ShortHistoryofComputer
Animation
InResearchlabs
NYIT
Still frame from Gumby animation by Hank Grebe and Dick Lundin, 1984.
InResearchLabs
UniversityofUtah
Filmsonwalkingandtalkingfigure
Animatedhandandanimatedface(1972)
UniversityofPennsylvania
Humanfigureanimation(NormBadler)
CornellUniversity
architecturalwalkthroughs(DonGreenberg)
HistoryofComputerAnimation
1974:HungerbyReneJodoinandPeter
Foldes
2.5Dsystem,objectinterpolation
CurrentactivityCenters
UniversityofToronto'sComputerScienceDepartment
SimonFraserUniversity'sGraphicsandMulitmediaResearchLab
GeorgiaTech'sGraphicsVisualizationandUsabilityCenter
BrownComputerGraphicsGroup
OhioStateUniversity'sACCAD
OhioStateUniversity'sDepartmentofComputerandInformationScience
GeorgeWashingtonUniversityGraphicsGroup
UCSanDiego'sDepartmentofComputerScienceandEngineering
UniversityofNorthCarolina'sComputerScienceDepartment
MIT'sMediaLab
MIT'sLaboratoryforComputerScience
UniversityofWisconsinatMadison
HistoryofFilm&Video
Companies
CurrentCompanies
Pixar
Industrial Light and Magic (ILM)
Pacific Data Images (PDI)
Disney
Xaos
Rhythm & Hues
Digital Domain
Lamb & Company
Metrolight Studios
Boss Film Studios
deGraf/Wahrman
R/Greenberg Associates
Blue Sky Productions
Sony Pictures
Cinesite
Imageworks
Apple. .
Animationsthatpavedtheway
Pixar
LuxoJr.(1986)
firstcomputeranimationtobenominatedforan
AcademyAward
Red'sDream(1987)
TinToy(1988)
firstcomputeranimationtowinanAcademy
Award
KnickKnack(1989)
EarlyCGinfilm
FutureWorld(1976)
StarWars(1977)
Lawnmowerman(1992,Xaos,AngelStudios)
HollywoodsviewofVR
Tron(1982,MAGI)
Supposedtolooklikeacomputer
TheLastStarfighter(1984)
UseCGinplaceofmodels
Willow(1988,ILM)
Morphingvideo
Firstdigitalbluescreenmatteextraction
HowardtheDuck(1986,ILM)
Firstwireremoval
TheAbyss(1989,ILM)
MoreearlyCGinfilm
JurassicPark(1993,ILM)
ForestGump(1994,DigitalDomain)
InsertCGpingpongball
Babe(1995,Rhythm&Hues)
Movemouthsofanimals&fillinbackground
ToyStory(1995,Pixar&Disney)
FirstfulllengthfullyCG3Danimation
EarlyCGonTV
Reboot(1995,Limelight
Ltd.BLTProductions)
Similarintentionofinside
computer
Firstfully3DSat.morning
cartoon
Babylon5(1995)
RoutinelyusedCGmodelsas
regularfeatures
Simpsons(1995PDI)
Resources
Milestonesoftheanimationindustryinthe
20thCentury
http://www.awn.com/mag/issue4.10/4.10pages/
cohenmilestones.php3
http://www.factindex.com/a/an/animatio
n.html#History%20of%20Animation
BriefHistoryofNYITComputerGraphics
Lab
http://www2.cs.cmu.edu/~ph/nyit/masson/n
yit.html
Resources(cont.)
TimelinefromBrownAnimationclass
http://www.cs.brown.edu/courses/cs229/animTi
meline.html
Inbetweening
http://alpha.luc.ac.be/~lucp1112/research/CA20
01/results.html
Credits/Resources
RickParent
http://www.cis.ohiostate.edu/~parent/book/Intr.html
http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/~parent/book/outline.html
Americas Story
http://www.americaslibrary.gov/cgi-bin/page.cgi/sh/animation/blcktn_2
CharacterAnimation
Controlmotionofarticulatedlimbs
Skeletalmuscleskinmodels
Facialanimation
RepresentationandAnimationofsurface
detail
Hair
Clothes
Utah CG History
http://silicon-valley.siggraph.org/text/MeetingNotes/Utah.html