murpay; vd;gjd; %yk; fUjg;gLtJ.

murpay; vd;gJ xU eilKiwf; fiyahFk;.murpay; uPjpahf xOq;fike;j kdpj r%f;jpy;

murpay; Nghuhl;lj;ij eilKiwg;gLj;Jk; gpuNahfr; nrad;KiwahFk;.mjhtJ murpay;
thjpfspdJk; murpay; fl;rpfspdJk; nraw;ghLfNs Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWk; murpay;
gw;wp NgRk; NghJ xU murpay; Kiw vjpu; nfhz;bUf;Fk; gpur;rpidfs;
murpay;thjpfSk; murpay; fl;rpfSk; mtw;Wf;F Kd;itf;Fk; nfhs;ifj; jPu;;Tfs;
mtw;Wf;fpilapy; fhzg;gL;k; NtWghLfs; mjpfhug; Nghuhl;lj;jpDhlhf mtw;iw
eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;F Nkw;nfhs;Sk; Kaw;rpfs; Nghd;w nraw;ghLfs; mlq;Fk;.
murwptpay; vd;gjd; %yk; fUjg;gLtJ.
murwptpay; vd;why; vd;d vd;gjw;F nghJthd tiutpyf;fzk; $w KbahJ.vdpDk; gy
mwpQu;fSk; ntt;NtW fUj;Jf;fis $wpAs;sdu;.muR >murhq;fk; >mjpfhuk; vd;gd
gw;wp fw;Fk; fiyNa murwptpay; vd;Wk;.
murwptpay; vd;gJ muR murhq;fk; mjpfhuk; kf;fSf;Fk; muRf;Fkpilapyhd njhlu;G
kdpjdpd; murpay; elj;ij nghUshjhu nfhs;if gw;wp tpQ;Qhd uPjpahf fw;Fk; xU r
%f tpQ;Qhd ghlk; vd;Wk; $Wfpd;wdu;.
murwptpay; fhyj;Jf;F fhyk; khw;wkilaf; $ba ghlkhFk; midj;Jk; muRlNd Muk;gpj;J
muRlNd
KbtilfpwJ.
fhy
uPjpahf
,lk;ngWk;
murpay;
epfo;Tfs;
fw;fg;gLfpd;wd.vdNt gy Ma;Tfis Nkw;nfhs;Sk; fw;if newpNa murwptpayhFk;.
murwptpaypy;
murpay;
mwpQu;fSk;
Ma;thsu;fSk;
rk;ge;jg;gLfpd;wdu;.murpay; vd;w nrhy;ypid Kjyhtjhf gad;gLj;jpatu; fpNuf;f jj;Jt
Qhdpahd
mwp];Nlhl;by;
Mthu;.,J
njhlu;ghf polis vd;w
nrhy;Ny
gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.rkfhyj;jpy; fpNuf;fj;jpy; epytpa kpfr;rpwe;j mur KiwAk;
murhq;fKk; ahJ vd;gij fz;lwptjhf fhzg;gl;lJ.,t;thW fpNuf;f efu mur Kiwikapd;
murpaiyf; fw;gjDhlhfNt murpay; tpQ;Qhdk; Muk;gkhfpaJ. etPd fhyj;jpy; Njrpa
muRfspd; Njhw;wk; mjNdhL ,ize;j Njrpa ru;tNjr gug;Gfspy; ,lk;ngw;w mjpfhu
Nghuhl;lk; vd;gtw;wpd; tpisthf murpay; kw;Wk; murpay; tpQ;Qhdk; Mfpa
nrhw;fs; gpuNahfpf;fg;gLfpwJ.Muk;g fhyj;jpy; muirAk; murhq;fj;ijAk; gw;wpa
fw;ifNahL RUq;fpapUe;j murpay; tpQ;Qhdk; gpw;gl;l fhyq;fspy; murpay;
mjpfhuk;>nfhs;if cUthf;fk;>murpay; nrad;KiwNahL njhlu;ghd %y jj;Jtq;fs;
>Nkhjy; kw;Wk; Nkhjy; Kfhikj;Jtk; Nghd;w Kiwfis Ma;T nra;af; $ba xU Jiwahf
,d;W murwptpay; fhzg;gLfpwJ.
murwptpy; mZFKiwfSs; elj;ijthj mZFKiw vd;gjd; %yk; fUjg;gLtJ.
,J GjpaJk; Kf;fpakhdJkhd mZFKiwahFk;.2k; cyf NghUf;F gpd;du; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
ngw;wJ.,J kuG rhu; mZFKiwfspy; fhzg;gl;l FiwghLfis eptu;j;jp nra;tjw;fhf
murpay; mwpQu;fshy; Njb ngwg;gl;l xU mZFKiwahFk;.murpaypy; <LgLk;
kdpju;fspdJk; kdpj FOf;fspdJk; murpay; elj;ijia Muha;e;J mjDhlhf murpaiy
tpsq;fpf; nfhs;Sk; KiwNa ,JthFk;.,q;F murpay; kdpjNd fUg; nghUshFk;.fpufk;

nthy]; yh];Nty; rhy;]; < ngupak;. Nghd;w mwpQu;fSk; ,t;tZFKiwia

Mjupj;jtu;fspy; Kf;fpakhdtu;fshFk;.
murwptpy; mZFKiwfSs; gupNrhjid mZFKiw vd;gjd; %yk; fUjg;gLtJ.
,J etPd mZFKiwfspy; xd;whFk; ,aw;if tpQ;Qhdj;ijg; Nghd;W Ma;T $lj;jpw;Fs;
Ma;T cgfuzq;fis gad;gLj;jp rpy jpl;lkpl;l KiwfspDhlhf murwptpaiy Ma;T nra;a
KbahJ vdpDk; xU gpur;rpidia jPu;g;gjw;fhd tpQ;Qhd uPjpapyhd Kiw vd;w
tifapy; gupNrhjid Kiwiag; gad; gLj;jp ,d;W murpaiyAk; Ma;T nra;ag;gLfpwJ. ,J
murwptpaiy tpQ;Qhdkhf khw;wpa xU mZFKiwahFk;.
murwptpy; mZFKiwfSs; Kiwikg;gFg;gha;T mZFKiw vd;gjd; %yk;
fUjg;gLtJ.
,J fl;likg;Gg; gzpg;gFg;gha;T vd;W miof;fg;gLk;.mnkupf;f Ma;thyu;fshd
My;kd;l;>Nltpl; <];ld; vd;Nghu; ,t;tha;T Kiwia mwpKfg;gLj;jpdu;.murpay;
Kiwapy; fl;bnaOg;gg;gl;Ls;s fl;likg;Gfs; mtw;wpd; %yk; epiwNtw;wg;gLk;
gzpfis nkhj;jkhf Nehf;fp Ma;T nra;tjd; mbg;gilapy; ,k;Kiw cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
muR vd;gjd; %yk; fUjg;gLtJ.
muR vd;why; xU Fwpg;gpl;l epyg;gFjpf;Fs; tho;fpd;w kf;fs; jkf;fhf rl;lthf;fiy
Nkw;nfhs;Sk; epWtdkhf murhq;fk; xd;iw mikj;Jf; nfhs;fpw nghJ me;j kf;fspd;
kdjpy; Njhd;Wfpd;w vz;zNk murhFk;.ikf; Itupd; fUj;Jg;gb Fwpg;gpl;l
epyg;gug;gpy; cau;e;j mjpfhuj;Jld; murhq;fnkhd;iw mikj;J mJ ,Lk; rl;lq;fSf;F
fl;Lg;gl;L thOk; kf;fs; $l;lNk murhFk; vd;whu;. muR vd;why; vd;d vd;gJ gw;wp
mup];Nlhl;by; gpNsl;Nlh fhu;zu; y];fp n`fy; Nghd;w mwpQu;fSk; fUj;Jf;fis
$wpAs;sdu;. Xu; murpw;F ,d;wpaikahj 4 mbg;gil ,ay;Gfs; cs;sd. epyk;
kf;fs;njhif>murhq;fk; ,iwik Nghd;witahFk;. muir khw;w KbahJ muR epiyahdJ
fl;GydhfhjJ ru;tNjr mq;fPfhuk; muRf;F cz;L. kf;fs; muRf;F fl;Lg;gl Ntz;Lk;. xU
ehl;by; thOk; kf;fs; midtUk; mt;turpd; cWg;gpduhFk;.
murhq;fk; vd;gjd; %yk; fUjg;gLtJ.
murhq;fk; vd;why; murpd; nghJ Nehf;fq;fisAk; tpUg;gq;fisAk; epiwNtw;WtNjhL
nghJ kf;fspd; eyed NgzTk; ghJfhf;fTk; murpd; KftuhfTk; murpay; uPjpahf
xOq;fikf;fg;gl;l r%fj;jpy; mur epu;thf eltbf;iffis Nkw; nfhs;Sk; muRf;F cUtk;
nfhLf;Fk; xU epWtdNk murhq;fkhFk; fhu;zupd; fUj;Jg;gb murpd; my;yJ
kf;fspd; tpUg;gq;fis nfhs;iffshf khw;Wtjd; %yk; mtw;iw eilKiwf;F nfhz;L tUk;
gpujpepjp murhq;fkhFk;.vd;whu;. murhq;fkhdJ murpay; tiuaiwfSf;Fl;gl;Nl jkJ
mjpfhuj;ij gpuNahfpf;Fk;.murhq;fk; Kj;Jiwfis nfhz;Ls;sJ.mjhtJ rl;lj;Jiw epu;thfj;Jiw
ePjpj;Jiw MfpadthFk;.,j;JiwfspDhlhfNt mur mjpfhuj;ij epiy ehl;Lk;. murhq;fk;
,y;yhky; muR nraw;gl KbahJ murpd; nraw;ghLfs; murhq;fj;jpd; %yNk
GydhFk;.rl;lk;
xOq;if
epiy
ehl;lTk;
muh[fj;jd;ikia
xopf;fTk;
r%f
Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;Fk; murhq;fk; mtrpakhFk;.mj;NjhL Njrpa nfhsutj;ij ghJfhj;jy;

Njrpa ghJfhg;ig cWjpg;gLj;jy; r%f Kfhikj;Jtj;jpid Nkw;nfhs;sy; Nghd;wd xU

murhq;fj;jpd; filikahFk;.
r%fk; vd;gjd; %yk; fUjg;gLtJ.
r%fk; vd;gJ nghJthd gz;Gfis nfhz;l xU kf;fs; $l;lkhFk; ,J kuG nkhop fyhrhuk; ,dk;
vd;gtw;wpy; VjhtJ xd;wpd; mbg;gilapy; cUthfyhk;.r%fk; ,aw;ifahf Njhw;wk;
ngw;wJ.r%fj;jpd; Nehf;fkhdJ jkJ r%fj;Jf;Fwpa milahsq;fis gz;ghLfis ghJfhf;Fk;
Nehf;fpy; r%fj;jpid xU fl;Lf;Nfhg;Gf;Fs; itj;jpUg;gjhFk;. r%fk; muRf;F
Kw;gl;ljhFk;. r%fj;jpd; xOq;fikg;ghdJ fyhrhuk; r%f mwnewpfs; r%f xOf;fk;
vd;gtw;wpdhy; xOq;fikf;fg;gl;lLs;sJ.r%fj;jpd; rpwpa myF FLk;gkhFk;.gy
FLk;gq;fs; xd;W Nru;e;J r%fk; cUthfpd;wJ.cyfk; KOtJk; gy r%fq;fs; gutpf;
fplf;fpd;wd.r%fkhdJ KO r%f tplaq;fisAk; mtjhdpf;fpwJ.
rq;fk; vd;gjd; %yk; fUjg;gLtJ.
rq;fk; vd;gJ kf;fs; jq;fSila gy;NtW eyd;fis epiwNtw;wpf; nfhs;s cUthf;fg;gl;lit
MFk;.cjhuzkhf fpuhkpa mgptpUj;jpr;rq;fk; khju; rq;fk; yad;]; fofk; Nghd;wtw;iw
Fwpg;gplyhk;.xU rq;fj;ijg; nghWj;jtiuapy; xUtu; jhd; tpUk;gpdhy; khj;jpuNk
rq;fj;jpd; cWg;gpduhf ,Uf;f KbAk; mNj Nghy; xNu re;ju;g;gj;jpy; gy rq;fq;fspy;
cWg;gpduhf ,Uf;fyhk;.mj;NjhL rq;fq;fs; Nehf;fq;fs; epiwNtwpaTld; fiye;J tpLk;
Mdhy; Ra gzpfspNy <LgLk;.,jd; flikfs; FiwthdjhFk; Fiwe;j mjpfhuj;ij nfhz;Ls;sJ
vdyhk;.Fwpg;gpl;l Nef;fq;fis mile;J nfhs;tjw;fhf cUthf;fg;gl;lNj rq;fkhFk;.
jhuhz;ikthjk; vd;gjd; %yk; fUjg;gLtJ.
,J Xu; murpay; Nfhl;ghlhFk;. ,f;Nfhl;ghL KJyhspj;Jt nghUshjhu %yf; nfhs;;iffis
mbg;gilahf nfhz;like;jJ.jhuhz;ikthjpfspd; fUj;Jf;fs; Guhjd fpNuf;f fhy efu
muRfspy; ,Ue;j NghjpYk; 18 k; Ehw;whz;bNy INuhg;ghtpy; mwpKfkhdJ. ,J
Njd;w
etPd
muRfspd;
Njhw;wKk;
gpuhd;rpa
Gul;rpAk;
fhuzkhf
mike;jJ.jhuhz;ikthj
Nfhl;ghl;lhsu;fspd;
fUj;Jg;gb
kf;fNs
muir
cUthf;fp
nfhz;lhu;fs;mjhtJ xU gupzhk tsu;r;rpapd; mbg;gilapy; cUthdJ jdpkdpjd;
FLk;gkhfp FLk;gq;fs; r%fkhfp r%fj;jpypUe;J muR Njhw;wk; ngw;wJ kf;fs; jq;fs;
Njitfis G+u;j;jp nra;J nfhs;tjw;fhfNt muir cUthf;fpf; nfhz;lhu;fs;.mjhtJ r%fj;ijf;
fl;Lg;gLj;jTk;
mikjp
xOq;ifg;
NgzTk;
muR
Njhw;wk;
ngw;wjhf
$Wfpd;wdu;.,f;Nfhl;ghl;bd; gb jdp; kdpj nrhj;Jupik mtu;fspd; cupikfs; Rje;jpuk;
vd;tw;Wf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLf;Fk;.mNj Nghd;W kdpjd; ,Uf;Fk; tiu muRk;
epiyj;jpUf;Fk; vd;gJ ,f; Nfhl;ghl;bd; fUj;jhFk;.
Nrhryp]k; vd;gjd; %yk; fUjg;gLtJ.
Nrhryp]k; vd;gJ epyj;ijAk; ciog;igAk; mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l cw;gj;jp Kiwfspy;
jdpahu; cupikf;Fg; gjpyhf mtw;wpy; r%f cupik epyt Ntz;Lk; vd;W typAWj;Jk;
Xu; murpay; fUj;jhFk;. 18 k; Ehw;whz;by; jhuhz;ik thjj;jpd; fPo; jiyaplh muR
Kiwik fhzg;gl;l fhyj;jpy; r%fj;jpy; Fiwe;j mstpyhdtu;fs; mjpfkhd nghUshjhu

rYiffis mDgtpj;jdu;.kpf $ba njhifapdu; njhopyhsu;fshfTk; mbikfshfTk;

elhj;jg;gl;ldu; Fiwe;j rk;gsj;jpw;F mjpf Neuk; Ntiy nra;jdu; ,t;thW Kjyhypj;Jt
tu;f;fj;jpduhy; eRf;fg;gl;l Ruz;lg;gl;l ghl;lhsp njhopyhsu; tu;f;fj;jpdUf;fhf
mtu;fspd; cupikfis ghJfhg;gjw;F Njhw;wk; ngw;w murpay; Nfhl;ghL Nrhrpyr
thjkhFk;.,f; Nfhl;ghl;il fhy; khf;]; V[;ry;] Nghd;w mwpQu;fs; eilKiwf;Fj;jFe;jthW
njspT gLj;jpdu;. fhy;khf;]pd; fUj;Jg;gb r%fj;jpy; ,U tu;f;fk; ,Ue;jd Kjyhsp >
njhopyhsp vd;gdthFk; Kjyhsp tu;f;fk; jkJ nrhj;Jf;fis ghJfhf;f muir Vw;gLj;jpf;
nfhz;lJ mjid gad; gLj;jp ghl;lhsp tu;f;fj;ij eRf;FfpwJ.vdNt ghl;lhsp tu;f;fk; xd;W
Nru;e;J Nghuhb Kjyhsp tu;f;fj;jpd; ifapy; ,Uf;Fk; muir ifg;gw;w Ntz;Lk; mg;NghJ
r%fj;jpy; tu;f;f Kuz;ghL ,y;yhJ NghFk; tu;f;f Kuz;ghL ,y;yhj r%fj;jpy; muRf;F
Njit ,Uf;fhJ.vdNt vjpu;fhyj;jpy; muR Nja;e;J mope;J Ngha;tpLk; vd;whu;.
ghrp]k; vd;gjd; %yk; fUjg;gLtJ.
KN]hypdp
gpd;gw;wpa
nfhs;iffs;
ghrp]k;
vdg;gl;lJ
,J facism ,yj;jPd;
nrhy;yhd pasces vd;gjpypUe;J gpwe;jJ. ,jw;F cWjpahf fl;lggl;l kuf;fl;L vd;gJ
nghUs;.xU FO my;yJ $l;lk; vd;w fUj;ijAk; Fwpf;fpwJ.muRf;fhf kf;fs; vd;w fUj;ij
ghrp]k;
typAWj;JfpwJ.ghrp]k;
Nrhryp]j;ijAk;
[dehafj;ijAk;
vjpu;f;fpd;w
Nfhl;ghlhFk;.,q;F jdpahs; Rej;jpuk; vd;gjw;F ,lkpy;iy.
rl;lj;Jiw vd;gjd; %yk; fUjg;gLtJ.
murhq;fj;jpd; Kj;Jiwfspy;rl;lj;Jiw Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.ehl;Lf;Fj; Njitahd rl;lq;fis
,aw;WtNj rl;lj;JiwahFk;.mjhtJ ehl;by; tho;fpd;w kf;fspd; NjitfisAk; tpUg;gq;fisAk;
nfhs;iffshf khw;Wk; ,lNk rl;lj;JiwahFk;.fpy; fpiw];l; vd;gtupd; fUj;Jg;gb rl;lj;Jiw
kf;fshy; njupT nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;. mk;kf;fSf;F nghWg;Gr; nrhy;yTk; Ntz;Lk;.ehL
vjpu; Nehf;Fk; gy;NtWgl;l gpur;rpidfis jPu;j;J ehl;bd; ey;yhl;rpf;F Jiz nra;Ak;
epWtdNk
,JthFk;.rl;lj;JiwahdJ
rl;lkpaw;Wjy;>epu;thfj;Jiwia
fl;Lg;gLj;Jjy;>ahg;gpid jpUj;Jjy;>khw;Wjy; Nghd;w gy;NtWgl;l gzpfisAk;
Mw;Wfpd;wJ. nghJthf rl;lkd;wq;fs; ghuhSkd;wk; vd;wiof;fg;gLfpwJ.rl;lkd;wq;fs;
Xuit ><uit kd;wq;fshf fhzg;glyhk;.
epu;thfj;Jiw vd;gjd; %yk; fUjg;gLtJ.
epu;thfj;Jiw vd;gJ rl;lj;Jiw ,aw;wpa rl;lq;fSf;Nfw;g ehl;bd; epu;thfj;ij elhj;Jfpd;w
epWtdkhFk;. igzupd; fUj;Jg;gb ghuhSkd;wk; ePjpj;Jiw jhgdq;fs; Nghd;wit
murhq;fj;jpy; jkf;Fwpa gq;fpid ngw;wjd; gpd;du; vQ;rpatw;iw ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk;
kuG uPjpahd Jiw epu;thfj;JiwahFk;.vd;whu;..,e;epu;thj;JiwahdJ ehl;bd; rl;lk;
xOq;if epiyehl;ly; ntspehLfSld; cwTfis Nkw;nfhs;sy; Culq;F rl;lj;ij epiy ehl;ly;
gfpuq;f
Nritia
fl;Lg;gLj;jy;
Nghd;w
gy
gzpfisAk;
Nkw;nfhs;fpwJ. , ,
.
" "

 . .
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,
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ePjpj;Jiw vd;gjd; %yk; fUjg;gLtJ.
ePjpj;Jiw vd;gJ epu;thfj;Jiw tuk;Gfis kPWk; NghJk; kf;fspd; cupikfis kjpf;fhj
NghJk; rl;lrig kf;fSila cupikfspy; if itf;fpd;w NghJk; kf;fSf;F ,Uf;fpd;w xNu
ek;gpf;ifahd
epWtdk;
ePjpj;JiwahFk;.ePjpgjpfis
epu;thfj;Jiw
jiytNu
epakpg;ghu;.,jd; gzpfshf cupikfis ghJfhj;jy;>rl;l epu;thf Jiwf;F ePjp MNyhrid
toq;Fjy;>$l;lhl;rpia ghJfhj;jy; Nghd;w gzpfis Mw;WfpwJ.
murpay; jpl;lk; vd;gjd; %yk; fUjg;gLtJ.
munrhd;wpd; murhq;fj;jpd; mikg;G mjpfhuk; njhopw;ghL Mfpatw;iwAk;
mt;turpd;
vy;iyf;Fl;gl;l
kf;fspd;
cupikfisAk;
flikfisAk;
mk;kf;fSf;Fk;
murhq;fj;Jf;Fkpilapyhd cwTfisAk; njspthf tpsf;Fk; tpjpfspd; njhFg;Ng murpay;
jpl;lkhFk;.murpay; jpl;lk; vd;why; vd;d vd;gJ gw;wp gy mwpQu;fs; fUj;J
njuptpj;Js;sdu;.N[k;]; gpiw]; ilrp Nru; n`d;wp nkapd; Nghd;Nwhiu
Fwpg;gplyhk;.
gpiu]; gpuGtpd; fUj;Jg;gb xU murpd; mikg;G mjd; cWg;GfspilNa nra;ag;gl;l
mjpfhug; gfpu;T mtw;wpd; mjpfhu vy;iy mijr; nraw;gLj;j Ntz;ba Kiw
murhq;fj;jpd; mikg;G mjd; cupikfs; ,jw;F kf;fsplKs;s flikfs; kf;fspd; cupikfs;
Nghd;w ahtw;iwAk; cs;slf;fpaNj murpay; jpl;lkhFk;.
cupik vd;gjd; %yk; fUjg;gLtJ.
kdpjd; jhd; gpwe;jjpypUe;J ,wf;Fk; tiu mtd; tpUk;gpaij nra;tjw;F re;ju;g;gk;
,Uf;Fnkdpy; mJNt cupikfs; vdg;gLfpd;wd.kdpjd; kdpjdhf tho;tjw;F Njitahd
midj;Jk; cupikfshFk;.r%fj;jpdhy; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;l kdpjdpd; epahakd
Nfhupf;iffs; cupikfshFk;.Nguhrpupau; y]fpapd; fUj;Jg;gb kdpjd; jhdhfNt
nghJthd tifapy; mile;J nfhs;s Kbahjtw;iw jtpu;e;j r%f tho;f;if epiyfs; cupikfshFk;
vd;whu;.
Rje;jpuk; vd;gjd; %yk; fUjg;gLtJ.

xU [dehaf r%fj;jpy; jdpkdpj cupikia r%fj;jpy; cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F Njitahd

re;ju;g;gk; rje;jpuk; vdg;gLk;.Nguhrpupau; y];fpapd; fUj;Jg;gb kdpjd; jdJ
jdpj;Jtj;ij ghJfhj;Jf; nfhz;L nraw;gLtjw;F Njitahd #oy; Rje;jpukhFk;.r%fj;jpy;
gpwUf;F ghjfk; Vw;glhjthW jdJ r%f nghUshjhu murpay; Njitfis epiwNtw;wpf;
nfhs;tjw;F vt;tpj jilfSkpd;wp ntsp #oypd; %yk; fpilf;Fk; re;ju;g;gkhFk;.
rkj;Jtk; vd;gjd; %yk; fUjg;gLtJ.
jkJ jpwd;fis tpUj;jp nra;J nfhs;tjw;F Njitahd #o;epiyapid midtUf;Fk; rkkhdjhf
cWjpg;gLj;JtNj rkj;JtkhFk;. midtiuAk; rkkhf fUJjy; r%fj;jpd; midj;J tsq;fisAk;
midtu; kj;jpapYk; rkkhf gq;fpLjy; r%fj;jpy; vy;yh re;ju;g;gq;fspYk; murpay;
ghy; fl;rp fhuzkhf ahUf;Fk; tpNrl rYiffs; toq;fhkypUj;jy;.rkj;JtkhFk;.
rl;lk; vd;gjd; %yk; fUjg;gLtJ.
xU r%fj;jpy; nghJ eyed ghJfhf;Fk; Nehf;fpy; ,iwik mjpfhuj;ijg; gad; gLj;jp
murpd; %yk; ntspaplg;gLk; MizfSk; gpukhdq;fSk; rl;lk; vdg;gLk;.rl;lk; vd;why;
vd;d vd;gJ njhlu;ghf gy;NtW mwpQu;fs; fUj;J Kd;itj;Js;sdu;.vy;kd;l; fpwPd;
tpy;rd; n`hg;]; N;ghd;Nwhu; Fwpg;gplj;jf;ftu;fs;. T+l;Nwh tpy;rdpd; fUj;Jg;gb
rl;lk; vd;gJ vd;gJ murpd; mjpfhuj;ijAk; typikiaAk; gf;fgykhf nfhz;L xNu
khjpupahf Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;l njspthd topKiwahFk; vd;whu;.
tY Ntwhf;fk; vd;gjd; %yk; fUjg;gLtJ.
murhq;fk; xd;wpd; gpujhd Jiwfshd rl;lj;Jiw epu;thfj;Jiw ePjpj;Jiw vd;gd xd;Wld;
xd;W njhlu;gpy;yhj tifapYk; xd;wpd; kPJ xd;W jiyaPNlh fl;Lg;ghNlh nrYj;jhj
tifapYk;
mike;jpUg;gNj
tY
Ntwhf;fk;
vdg;gLk;.,f;Nfhl;ghl;il
Kd;itj;jtu;
nkhd;l];fpA+ vDk; mwpQuhthu;.;
,iwik vd;gjd; %yk; fUjg;gLtJ.
,iwik vd;gJ ehl;Lf;F Njitahd rl;lq;fis ,aw;Wtjw;f;Fk; mKy;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; mKy;gLj;Jk;
Ntiy vOk; gpur;rpidfis jPu;g;gjw;f;Fk; Xu; muRf;Fs;s Rje;jpu mjpfhuNk
,iwikahFk;. ,t;tpiwikia xU jdp eguplNkh my;yJ FOtplNkh fhzyhk;.[dehaf
muRfspy; rl;lq;fspDhlhf ,iwik gpuNahfpf;fg;gLfpwJ.ru;thjpfhu muRfspy;
ru;thjpfhu murDhlhf ,iwik gpuNahfpf;g;gLfpwJ.,J gw;wp tpy;rd; Ngf];
tpy;Nyhgp ^fpl; Nghd;w mwpQu;f;s fUj;J njuptpj;Js;sdu;.Xu; muR kf;fspd; kPJk;
mk;kf;fspd; epWtdq;fs; kPJk; nrYj;Jfpd;w jdpahdJk; epiwthdJk; vy;iyaw;wJkhd
mjpfhuNk ,iwikahFk; vd;W Ngf]; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whu;.,iwikf; Nfhl;ghl;il gyu;
Kd;itj;j NghJk; Nghbd; n`hg;]; &N]h x];upd; Nghd;wtu;fs; ,tu;fSs;
Kf;fpakhdtu;fshFk;.[Pd; Nghbdpd; fUj;Jg;gb vt;tpj rl;lj;jpw;f;Fk; fl;Lg;glhky;
ehl;L kf;fis fl;Lg;gLj;j KbAkhd murplk; fhzg;gLk; cau;e;j mjpfhuk; ,iwikahFk;
vd;whu;.
vd;gjd; %yk; fUjg;gLtJ.

( Limited
government)
,
. ,
. .
gpujpepjpj;Jt [dehafk; vd;gjd; %yk; fUjg;gLtJ.
mjhtJ kf;fs; Neubahf Ml;rpapy; gq;Fgw;whJ jq;fshy; epakpf;fg;gLk; gpujpepjpfs;
Ml;rpapy; <LgLtijNa Fwpf;fpwJ.rfy kf;fSk; nrayhw;Wk; cupikfs; xU FOtplk;
xg;gilf;fg;gl;L mf;FO vy;yh kf;fSf;Fk; nghJthf nrayhw;Wfpd;wJ.mf;FOit njupT
nra;Ak; KiwNa gpujpepjpj;Jt KiwahFk;.kf;fs; jkJ gpujpepjpfis njupT nra;J
murhq;fj;Jf;F mDg;gp mtu;fspDhlhf jkJ mjpfhuq;fisAk;cupikfisAk; ngw;Wf;
nfhs;fpd;wdu;.fhyj;Jf;F f;fhyk; eilngWk; Nju;jy; %ykhf jq;fs; gpujpepjpfis njupT
nra;J nfhs;fpd;wdu;.
Neub [dehfk;; vd;gjd; %yk; fUjg;gLtJ.
xU [dehaf r%fj;jpy; kf;fs; Neubahf rl;lk; ,aw;Wtjpy; rk;ge;jg;gLthu;fshapd; mJ
Neub [dehafk; vdg;gLfpwJ.,J xg;gq;Nfhly; FbKidg;G kPs mioj;jy; vd;gtw;wpd;
%yk; eilngWfpwJ. mJ Guhjd kf;fsplk; fhzg;gl;l kf;fshl;rpf; Nfhl;ghlhFk;.mjhtJ
xg;gq;Nfhly; vd;gJ xU ehl;bd; rl;lthf;f tplaq;fspy; kf;fs; gq;F nfhs;tNj
xg;gq;NfhlyhFk; c..k; ahg;igj;jpUj;Jjy;.
FbKidg;G vd;gJ rl;lq;fis Muk;gpj;J itf;Fk; cupikia kf;fs; ngw;wpUg;gjhFk;.mjhtJ
eilKIwapYs;s rl;lq;fis jpUj;Jtjw;Fk; Gjpa rl;lq;fis cUthf;Ftjw;Fk; MFk;.
kPs mioj;jy; vd;gJ kf;fshy; njupT nra;ag;gl;l cWg;gpdu;fs; ruptuf; flikahw;whj
NghJ mtu;fis jpUk;g mioj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F kf;fSf;F ,Uf;Fk; mjpfhukhFk;.
murpay; fl;rp vd;gjd; %yk; fUjg;gLtJ.
murpay; fl;rp vd;why; Ml;rpia ifg;gw;Wk; Nehf;fpy; xNu nfhs;ifia cilatu;fs;
xd;W Nru;e;J mikj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; xU FOthFk;.xU nghJthd murpay; nghUshjhuf;
Nfhl;ghl;bd; fPo; xd;wpide;J murpay; mjpfhuj;ijf; ifg;gw;Wtjw;fhf Nghuhb
mjpfhuj;ijg; ngw;wjd; gpd;du; jkJ murpay; nghUshjhu nfhs;iffis eilKiwg;gLj;Jtij
Nehf;fkhf nfhz;l kf;fs; FONt murpay; fl;rp vdyhk;.ikf; Itu; vd;gtu; ,J gw;wpf;
$Wk; NghJ murpay; jpl;lj;jpd; gb nfhs;iffs; %yk; murhq;fj;ij elhj;j tpisAk; $l;lNk
murpay;
fl;rp
vd;whu;.
b];Nuypapd;
fUj;Jg;gb
xOq;F
gLj;jg;gl;l
mgpg;gpuhaq;fis nfhz;Ls;s epWtdNk fl;rpahFk; vd;whu;. muprpay; fl;rpapd;
gzpfshtdnghJ ey gzpfspy; <Lgly;>kf;fs; fUj;Jf;fis xd;W Nru;j;jy;>gykhd vjpu;
fl;rpfis cUthf;fy;>Nghd;w gzpfis nra;fpwJ.etPd cyfpy; murpay; fl;rpfs; xU fl;rp
Kiw ,U fl;rp Kiw gy fl;rp Kiw vd tifg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
mKf;;ff; FO vd;gjd; %yk; fUjg;gLtJ.

murpaypy; kiwKfkhf nry;thf;F nrYj;Jk; FOf;fNs mKf;ff; FOf;fshFk; njhopw; rq;fk;

tpahghu epWtdk; ngz;fs; mikg;G vd;gtw;iw mKf;ff;FOf;fSf;F cjhuzkhf
$wyhk;.mjhtJ Mirf;FOf;fs; vd;Wk; ,J miof;fg;gLfpwJ.xU murpay; r%fj;jpy; Ml;rpia
ifg;gw;Wk; Nehf;fk; VJkpd;wp mjpfhuj;jpy; ,Ug;gtu;fSf;F rpy mOj;jq;fis
nfhLg;gjd;; %yk; jkJ Nehf;fq;fis epiwNtw;wp nfhs;s xd;W Nru;e;jpUf;Fk; FOf;fs;
mKf;ff; FOf;fshFk;. H rpf;yu; vd;gtu; murpaypy; <Lglhj vdpDk; murhq;fj;jpd;
jPu;khdq;fSf;F mOj;jk; nfhLg;gjd; %yk; jkJ Njitfis epiwNtw;wpf; nfhs;s Jbf;Fk;
FOf;fshFk;.,f;FOf;fs; Mu;ghl;lq;fs; Rtnuhl;bfs; Jz;L gpuRuq;fs; Cu;tyk; %yk;
murhq;fj;jpw;F mOj;jk; nfhLf;fpd;wdu;. .,J [dehafj;jpd; ntw;wpf;F kpf mtrpakhd
xd;whFk;.
nghJrd mgpg;gpuhak; vd;gjd; %yk; fUjg;gLtJ.
murhq;fk; kw;Wk; mjd; nraw;ghLfs; murpay; uPjpahf Kf;fpaj:Jtk; kpf;f epfo;Tfs;
vd;gd gw;wp nghJkf;fs; fUj;Jf;fspd; nghJikg;gLj;jg;gl;l epiyNa nghJrd
mgpg;gpuhakhFk;. gup]; vd;gtupd; fUj;Jg;gb rKjhaj;ij ghjpf;fpd;w kf;fSf;F
tpUg;gkhd xU gpur;rpidiag;gw;wp ehl;bYs;s kf;fspd; gy gpuptpdUk; nfhz;bUf;f
nghJf; fUj;Nj nghJrd mgpg;gpuhakhFk;.nghJrd mgpg;gpuhak; cUthFtjpy;
FLk;gk; fy;tp rkak; Gj;jfq;fs; murpay; fl;rpfs; mKf;ff; FOf;fs; vd;git nry;thf;F
nrYj;Jfpd;wd. Kf;fpaj;Jtk; Fiwe;j xU rpW epfo;r;rp gw;wp gyk; tha;e;j nghJrd
mgpg;gpuhak; Njhd;wyhk;.
nghJj;Jiw epu;thfk; vd;gjd; %yk; fUjg;gLtJ.
nghJ epu;thfk; vdg;gLtJ nghJ kf;fspd; eyDf;fhf rl;lj;Jiw ,aw;wpa rl;lq;fis
epiwNtw;Wtjw;fhf epu;thfj;Jiw Nkw; nfhs;Sk; vy;yh nray;fSk; nghJ
epu;thfkhFk;. nghJ nepu;thfk; kf;fspd; eyidAk; mgptpUj;jpiaAk; topAWj;Jfpd;wJ.
T+l;Nuh tpy;rd;:- nghJ rl;lj;jpd; KOikahd Kiwahd nrayhf;fk;
irkd; :- nghJthd ,yf;Ffis mile;J nfhs;s xj;Jiof;Fk; FOr; nraw;ghL vd;whu;.
nghJf; nfhs;if vd;gjd; %yk; fUjg;gLtJ.
nghJf; nfhs;if vd;gJ nghJ kf;fspd; NjitfisAk; tpUg;gq;fisAk; fUj;jpw; nfhz;L
murhq;fj;jpdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; eltbf;if jpl;lq;fshf cs;sJ. RWf;fkhf $wpd;
nghJf; nfhs;if vd;gJ murhq;fj;jpdhy; xU gpur;rpid njhlu;ghf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l
jPu;khdk; Kbthf cs;sJ.
Njhk]; il:- murhq;fk;> nra;tjw;F my;yJ nra;ahky; tpLtjw;F jPu;khdpf;fpd;w
midj;Jk; nghf; nfhs;ifahFk; vd;whu;. ,f;nfhs;if cUthf;Fgtu;fs; murpay; thjpfs;
rptpy; Nritahsu;fs; ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpu;fs; Nghd;Nwhiu Fwpg;gplyhk; ,jd;
Nehf;fk; nghJ gpur;rpid Fwpj;J eltbf;if vLj;jyhk;. nghJf; nfhs;ifapy; kf;fs;
mgpg;gpuhak; gFj;jwpT murpay; nghUshjhu #o;epiyfs; nry;thf;F nrYj;Jfpd;wd.
Nkhjy; Kfhikj;Jtk; vd;gjd; %yk; fUjg;gLtJ.

Nkhjy; Kfhikj;Jtk; Nkhjy; jPu;tpw;fhd topia Njlhky; Nkhjypid jtpu;f;Fk; KiwiaAk;

Ntz;lhJ Nkhjypid fl;Lg;gLj;jp rkhypf;Fk; rpy toptiffis nra;jy; Kfhikj;JtkhFk;.
Nkhjy;fs; vy;yh r%fj;jpYk; fhzg;gLk; nghJthdnjhd;whFk;.Nkhjy;fis ,y;yhJ xopf;f
KbahJ mNj Neuk; mjd; Ntfj;ij fl;Lg;gLj;j KbAk; ,jidNa Nkhjy; Kfhikj;Jtk;
vd;fpd;whu;fs;.Nkhjypid ,uz;L tifahf fl;Lg;gLj;jyhk; 1. Fwpg;gpl;l vy;iyf;Fs;
Nkhjy; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gly; 2. Nkhjypid Neu;epiyahf Nehf;FtjhFk;.
Nkhjy; vd;gjd; %yk; fUjg;gLtJ.
Nkhjy; vd;gJ ,uz;L my;yJ mjw;F Nkw;gl;l jdp egu;fs; jug;Gfs; my;yJ
ehLfSf;fpilapyhd cld;ghbd;ikia Fwpf;fpwJ.cjhuzkhf ngw;Nwhu; gps;is fztd;
kidtp vd;gtu;fSf;fpilapy; Nkhjy; Vw;glyhk;.
fpwp];Njhgu; kpr;Nry; :- xj;Jtuhj ,yf;Ffis nfhz;bUf;fpd;w my;yJ nfhz;bUg;gjw;fhf
epidf;fpd;w ,uz;L my;yJ gy jug;GfspilNa fhzg;gLk; cwNt Nkhjy; vd;whu;.Nkhjy;
Vw;gl gytPdkhd muRfs; ghugl;rkhd murpay; epWtdq;fs; FOthj murpay; cau;
Fohk; murpay; nghUshjhu gpur;rpidfs; nghUshjhu Kiwik vd;gitNa fhuzkhf
mikfpd;wd.
Nkhjy; vd;gJ confliger vDk; fpNuf;f nrhy;ypypUe;J gpwe;jJ.
ru;tNjr rl;lk; vd;gjd; %yk; fUjg;gLtJ.
ru;tNjr rl;lk; vd;gJ ru;tNjr Kiwikapy; muRfs; xd;Wlndhd;W njhu;G nfhs;s tUk;
NghJk; mtw;Wf;fpilapyhd cwTfs; kw;Wk; njhlu;Gfis xOq;F gLj;Jk; mtw;wpd;
cupikfs; flikfs; gw;wp Fwpg;gpLtJkhd tpjpfspd; njhFjp MFk;.ru;tNjr rl;lk; vd;gJ
Njrq;fspd; rl;lk vdTk; miof;fyhk;.
(World government)
, .
, .
,

.
.
,
, , .
. ,
24, 1945 ,,
. ,
51 , 10 1946 ,
. 1919 1946
, , (League of
Nations) . ,

 , '
' . ,
. 2010 , 192 .
ePjpg;Gzuha;T vd;gjd; %yk; fUjg;gLtJ.
xU ehl;bd; nfhs;iffis rl;lkhf ntspapLtNj rl;lj;Jiw ahFk; ghuhSkd;wk; ,aw;Wk;
rl;lq;fs; ehl;bw;F nghWj;jkhdjh ,y;iyah me;ehl;bd; murpay; ahg;gpl;F cl;gl;ljh
,y;iyah vd Ma;T nra;Ak; mjpfhuk; cau; ePjpkd;wq;fSf;F cz;L ,t;tjpfhuNk
ePjpg;Gzuha;T mjpfhuk; vdg;gLk;.
mjpfhug; gfpu;T vd;gjd; %yk; fUjg;gLtJ.
xU ehl;bd; murpay; mjpfhuj;ij gpuNahfpg;gjpy; kj;jpa muR kl;Lkd;wp gpuNjr
muRfSk;
gq;F
gw;Wk;
tifapy;
mjpfhuk;
ahg;gpd;
%yk;
gfpu;e;jspf;fg;gl;bUg;gNj mjpfhug; gfpu;T MFk;.mjpfhug; gfpu;thd ahg;G rk\;b
Ml;rp ahg;G vdg;gLk;. mjpfhug; gfpu;thdJ gpuNjr uPjpapYk; gzp uPjpapYk;
Nkw; nfhs;sg;gLk;.gpuNjr uPjpapy; mjpfhug; gfpu;tpy; muR rpy murpay;
myFfshf gpupf;fg;gl;L xt;nthW myFf;Fk; xU murhq;fk; mikj;J fUkq;fs;
eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd nghWg;Gf;fs; toq;fg;gLjy;
gzp uPjpapy; mjpfhug; gfpu;T vd;gJ murhq;fj;jpd; gzpfis gpupj;Jf; nfhLg;gjd;
%yk;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.,jdhy;
mjpfhuk;
xUtuplj;jpy;
Ftpf;fg;gLtij
jLf;fyhk;.mj;NjhL rl;l epu;thf ePjp mikg;Gfspy; tY Ntwhf;fk; nra;ag;gLk;.
Njrpa ,af;fk; vd;gjd; %yk; fUjg;gLtJ.
Njrpa ,af;fk; vd;gJ fhyzpj;Jtj;Jf;Fl;gl;l xU ehl;by; thOk; kf;fs; ,d kj Nkhop Ngjq;fis
kwe;J xw;Wikahfp Njr tpLjiyiaAk; xw;WikiaAk; mile;J nfhs;Sk; Nehf;fj;Jld;
NghuhLtjw;fhf xd;W Nru;e;J ,aq;Fk; ,af;fk; Njrpa ,af;fk; vdg;gLk;.1919 fspy;
Njrpa ,af;fk; vDk; ngaupy; xU ,af;fk; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ.KjyhtJ jiytuhf Nru; nghd;
mUzhr;ryk; mtu;fs; njupT nra;ag;gl;lhu;fs;.
r%f ,af;fk; vd;gjd; %yk; fUjg;gLtJ.
r%fj;jpy; Njhd;Wk; ,af;fq;fs; cjhuzkhf kjtpLjiy ,af;fk; fyhy; ,af;fk; ,lJ rhup
,af;fk;.
vd;gjd; %yk; fUjg;gLtJ.

(government
sytem) ( :)
(Federal
system) . .
,
.

, ,

 . ,,
.
xw;iwahl;rp rk\;b
()
- .

rkrk rk\;b ($l;luR)
.
.
. . .
. .
. . ..
.


.
.
()

()
() .
.
1. 2.


.;;
- - -
. .
.


() .
,,
.
murpay; fyhrhuk;

murpay; uPjpahf xOq;fike;j kdpj r%fj;jpy; murpay; gpuhzpfs; vd;w tifapy;

kf;fspd;
elj;ijfspDhlhf
ntspg;gLk;
murpay;
tpOkpaq;fNs
murpay;
fyhr;rhukhFk;.ehl;bYs;s kf;fs; murhq;fj;jpd; kPJ itj;jpUf;fpd;w ek;gpf;if
kdg;ghq;Ffs; ngWkhdk; vd;gitNa murpay; fyhr;rhukhFk;.
murpay; td;Kiw
,dthjj;ij epWtdkag;gLj;jNy td;KiwahFk; murpay; td;Kiw vd;gJ xUtupd; r%f elj;ij
KiwahFk; ,e;j td;Kiw murpay; uPjpahf ,lk; ngWkhapWe;jhy; mjid murpay;
td;Kiw vdg;gLk;.
murpay; elj;ij
murpay; uPjpahf xOq;fike;j xU r%fj;jpy; jdpahl;fs; mq;Fs;s mjpfhug;
gPlq;fSld; ,ize;J nraw;gl;L mjpfhug; gPlq;fis Rw;wp ele;J nfhs;Sk; tpjk; murpay;
elj;ij vdg;gLk;.
murpay; rKjhag;gLj;jy;
kdpju;fs; murpay; kakhfp murpay; elj;ijfis ntspg;gLj;Jtjw;Fwpa murpay; mwpit
ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; KiwNa murpay; rKjhag;gLj;jyhFk;.
murpay; cau; Fohk;
ve;jnthW xOq;fikf;fg;gl;l r%fj;jpYk; murpay; nranyhOq;fpw;Fj; jiyik jhq;Fk;
kf;fs; FO murpay; cau Fohk; vdg;gLk;.
ey;yhl;rp
Njrpa muRfshy; MdJk; kf;fsJ rkhjhdkhdJk; xOq;fhdJk; gFj;jwpTld; $baJkhd
nropg;ghdJkhd gq;F gw;wYld; $ba tho;f;iff;fhf NKw; nfhs;Sk; nrad; KiwahFk;.
rptpy; r%fk;
murhq;fk;> FLk;gk; re;ij jhgzq;fs; Mfpa %d;iwAk; jtpe;j r%fj;jpy; nraw;gLk; rfy
r%fj; jhdq;fspd; $l;L nkhj;jNk rptpy; r%fk; vdg;gLfpd;wJ.
Njrk;.
nkhop >kjk;>,dk;>If;fpag;ghL>fyhrhuk;>murpay; czu;T Nghd;w gz;GfisAk;
Njrpa nfhb Njrpa fPjk; ,we;j fhy tuyhW vd;gtw;iwAk; nfhz;l kf;fs; FONt
NjrkhFk;.
Njrpak;
xNu nkhop ,dk; rkak; tuyhW ,yf;fpak; nghUshjhu eyd; murpay; ehl;lk;
Mfpitfisf; nfhz;l kf;fsplk; fhzg;gLk; czu;Nt NjrpakhFk;.
Njrpa thjk;
Fwpj;j epyg;gug;gpy; tho;fpd;wtu;fs; fyhrh gz;ghl;L tpOkpaq;fis jk;kpilNa
gfpu;e;J nfhz;L ,d kj Ngjq;fSf;F mg;ghy; epd;W jq;fSila ehl;bd; tpLjiyf;fhf
ciog;gNj NjrpathjkhFk;.
ahg;GWthjk;

murpay; ahg;nghd;iw mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L ehl;il Ml;rp GuptNj ahg;GWtjkhFk;.

rl;lthl;rp
rl;lj;jpd; %yk; nraw;gLfpd;w Ml;rp KiwNa rl;lj;jpd; Ml;rp MFk; Ms;NthUk;
Msg;gLNthUk; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; rkdhdtu;fs;.
Kfhikj;Jtk;
nghJf; nfhs;iffis eilKiw gLj;Jifapy; gaz;gLj;jg;gLk; nghsjPf kdpj tsq;fs; %yk; cr;r
gaid ngWtjhFk;.
$l;L rk\;b my;yJ Nerf; $l;likg;G Ml;rp
gy muRfs; xd;wpize;J rpy nghJthd kl;Lg;gLj;jggl;l Njitfis epiwT nra;tjw;fhf nghJ
munrhd;iw cUthf;FtNj $l;L rk\;b MFk;.
fyg;G murhq;fk;
ghuhSkd;w murhq;f KiwiaAk; [dhjpgjp murhq;f KiwiaAk; ,izj;Jf; nfhz;l xU
murpay; khjpupNa fyg;G murhq;fkhFk;.
fyg;Gj; Nju;jy;
xU njhFjp> rhjhuz nghUk;ghd;ik Kiwfs; nfhz;l Nju;jy; %yKk; Vida gpuNjrk;
tpfpjhrhu gpujpepjpj;Jt Kiwfs; nfhz;l Nju;jy; %yKk; mq;fj;jtu;fs; njupT
nra;ag;gLtu;.,JNt fyg;G Nju;jy; KiwahFk;.,J n[u;kd; Nju;jy; Kiw vd;Wk; $wg;gLk;.
murpay; mjpfhuk;
mjpfhuk; vd;gJ kdpj cwTfSld; njhlu;G gl;l nraw;ghl;L tbtkhFk; mjhtJ ,zf;fk;
Nghl;b>fPo;gbT>fl;Lg;ghL vd;gtw;wpd; %ykhf xUtNuh my;yJ xU mikg;Ngh
Vidatu;fspd; eltbf;iffs; kPJ nry;thf;F nrYj;Jjy; mjpfhuk; vdg;gLk;.
cs;Shuhl;rp
xU ehl;bd;; mgptpUj;jp>,dg;gpur;rpid fhuzkhf ehl;il rpwpa myFfshf gpupj;J
mq;F Ml;rp epWTjy; ,k;KiwNa cs;Shuhl;rp vdg;gLk;.