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Solucionário Livro Fundamentos de Circuitos Elétricos Sadiku 3 Edição - Capítulo 15
Solucionário Livro Fundamentos de Circuitos Elétricos Sadiku 3 Edição - Capítulo 15
Solucionário Livro Fundamentos de Circuitos Elétricos Sadiku 3 Edição - Capítulo 15
(b) sinh at
1 x
1
e + e x , sinh x = e x e x .]
2
2
[Hint: cosh x =
(a)
(b)
e at + e - at
cosh(at ) =
2
1 1
1
s
L [ cosh(at ) ] =
+
=
2 s a s + a s 2 a 2
e at e - at
sinh(at ) =
2
a
1 1
1
L [ sinh(at ) ] =
= 2
2 s a s + a s a2
(b) sin( t + )
(a)
(b)
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(a)
L [ e -2t cos(3t ) u ( t ) ] =
s+2
(s + 2 ) 2 + 9
(b)
L [ e -2t sin(4 t ) u ( t ) ] =
4
(s + 2) 2 + 16
(c)
Since L [ cosh(at ) ] =
(d)
Since L [ sinh(at ) ] =
(e)
L [ e - t sin( 2t ) ] =
s
s a2
s+3
L [ e -3t cosh(2 t ) u ( t ) ] =
(s + 3 ) 2 4
2
a
s a2
1
L [ e -4t sinh( t ) u ( t ) ] =
(s + 4) 2 1
2
2
(s + 1) 2 + 4
f (t)
F(s)
-d
F(s)
t f (t)
ds
-d
-1
2 ( (s + 1) 2 + 4)
Thus, L [ t e - t sin(2 t ) ] =
ds
2
=
2 (s + 1)
((s + 1) 2 + 4) 2
4 (s + 1)
L [ t e -t sin( 2t ) ] =
((s + 1) 2 + 4) 2
If
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e s =
(a)
G (s) = 6
(b)
e 2s
F(s) =
+5
s+3
s2
s2 + 42
6se s
s 2 + 16
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s cos(30) 2 sin(30)
s2 + 4
d 2 s cos(30) 1
L [ t 2 cos(2t + 30) ] = 2
ds s 2 + 4
L [ cos(2t + 30) ] =
-1
d d 3
s 1 (s 2 + 4)
ds ds 2
-1
-2
d 3 2
s 1 (s 2 + 4)
(s + 4) 2s
ds 2
2
3
3
2
3
(- 2s ) 2 2 s 1 2s 2 (8s ) 2 s 1
+
= 2
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
s +4
s +4
s +4
s +4
(8s 2 )
s 1
- 3s 3s + 2 3s
2
=
+
2
3
2
2
s +4
s +4
(-3 3 s + 2)(s 2 + 4)
(s
+4
L [ t 2 cos(2t + 30) ] =
4 3 s3 8 s 2
(s
+4
8 12 3 s 6s 2 + 3s 3
( s 2 + 4) 3
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4!
72
(b)
L 3 t 4 e - 2t = 3
(c)
2
2
d
L 2t u ( t ) 4 ( t ) = 2 4(s 1 0) = 2 4s
s
s
dt
(s + 2) 5
(s + 2) 5
(d)
2 e -(t-1) u ( t ) = 2 e -t u ( t )
2e
L [ 2 e -(t-1) u ( t ) ] =
s+1
(e)
= 5 2 =
1 2 s (1 2)
2s s
(f)
(g)
L [ 6 e -t 3 u ( t ) ] =
6
18
=
s + 1 3 3s + 1
dn
dt
dn
dn
L n ( t ) = L n f ( t ) = s n 1 s n 1 0 s n 2 0 L
dt
dt
n
d
L n ( t ) = s n
dt
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f (t ) = t , 1 < t < 2
0, otherwise
F ( s ) = f (t )e st dt = 2te st dt + 2e st dt
0
st
st
1
e
e 2 2
(
1)
2
st
+
= 2 (1 e s se 2 s )
2
0
s
s 1 s
(b) G ( s ) =
4
3
+
s s+2
(c ) H(s) = 6
3
2
s +9
+8
s
2
s +9
8s + 18
s2 + 9
4
4
3
8s + 18
s+2
, (c )
, (d )
+ , (b) +
s s+2
s2 s
s2 + 9
s 2 + 4s 12
2
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2tu (t 4 )
5 cos(t ) (t 2 )
e t u (t t )
sin (2t )u (t )
(a) 2t=2(t-4) + 8
f(t) = 2tu(t-4) = 2(t-4)u(t-4) + 8u(t-4)
2
8
2 8
F ( s ) = 2 e 4 s + e4 s = 2 + e4 s
s
s
s
s
t=2
5cos(2)e
= 5cos
2e2 s 2s
e t = e ( t ) e
f (t ) = e e (t )u (t )
F (s) = e e
1
e ( s +1)
=
s +1
s +1
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(b) g (t ) = 2e 4t u (t 1)
(c) h(t ) = 5 cos(2t 1)u (t )
(d) p (t ) = 6[u (t 2 ) u (t 4 )]
(a)
f ( t ) = ( t 4) u ( t 2) = ( t 2) u ( t 2) 2 u ( t 2)
e -2s 2 e -2s
F(s) = 2 2
s
s
(b)
(c)
h ( t ) = 5 cos(2 t 1) u ( t )
cos(A B) = cos(A) cos(B) + sin(A) sin(B)
cos(2t 1) = cos(2t ) cos(1) + sin(2t ) sin(1)
h ( t ) = 5 cos(1) cos(2 t ) u ( t ) + 5 sin(1) sin(2t ) u ( t )
s
2
+ 5 sin(1) 2
s +4
s +4
2.702 s 8.415
H(s) = 2
+
s + 4 s2 + 4
H(s) = 5 cos(1)
(d)
p( t ) = 6u ( t 2) 6u ( t 4)
P(s) =
6 - 2s 6 -4s
e e
s
s
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(a)
(b)
s +1
d s +1 d
1
+
+
2
2
2
(s + 1) + 1 ds (s + 1) + 1 ds (s + 1) + 1
G (s) =
s +1
s 2 + 2s
2s + 2
s 2 (s + 2)
=
s 2 + 2s + 2 (s 2 + 2s + 2) 2 (s 2 + 2s + 2) 2 (s 2 + 2s + 2) 2
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s
s a2
6 (s + 1)
6 (s + 1)
F(s) =
= 2
2
(s + 1) 4 s + 2s 3
(a)
Since L [ cosh(at ) ] =
(b)
Since L [ sinh(at ) ] =
a
s a2
(3)(4)
12
L [ 3 e -2t sinh(4t ) ] =
= 2
2
(s + 2) 16 s + 4s 12
2
-d
[ 12 (s 2 + 4s 12) -1 ]
ds
24 (s + 2)
F(s) = (12)(2s + 4)(s 2 + 4s 12) -2 = 2
(s + 4s 12) 2
F(s) = L [ t 3 e -2t sinh(4t ) ] =
(c)
1
(e t + e - t )
2
1
f ( t ) = 8 e -3t (e t + e - t ) u ( t 2)
2
-2t
= 4 e u ( t 2) + 4 e-4t u ( t 2)
= 4 e-4 e-2(t - 2) u ( t 2) + 4 e-8 e-4(t - 2) u ( t 2)
cosh( t ) =
Similarly, L [ 4 e
-8
- 4(t - 2)
4e
u ( t 2) ] =
-(2s+ 8)
s+4
Therefore,
4 e -(2s+ 4) 4 e -(2s+8) e -(2s+ 6) [ (4 e 2 + 4 e -2 ) s + (16 e 2 + 8 e -2 )]
+
=
F(s) =
s+2
s+4
s 2 + 6s + 8
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s+2
s+2
= 2
2
2
( s + 2) + 4
s + 4s + 20
(a) t cos t u (t )
(c)
sin t
u (t )
t
(a) tf (t )
d
F (s)
ds
s
s2 + 1
and -
L ( t cos t ) =
d
(s 2 + 1)(1) s(2s)
F(s)=
ds
(s 2 + 1) 2
s2 1
(s 2 + 1) 2
(c )
f (t )
t
F (s)ds
s
s +2
2
1
s
sin t
L
= 2
ds = tan 1
2
t s s +
tan 1
= tan 1
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Figure 15.26
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t
2
-2.5
f(t)
5 (t)
2.5(t-6)
-7.5(t-2)
f = 5(t) 7.5(t2) + 2.5(t6)
Taking the Laplace transform of each term,
s2F(s) = 5 7.5e2s + 2.5e6s or F(s) =
5
e 2s
e 6s
7.5
+ 2.5
s
s2
s2
Please note that we can obtain the same answer by representing the function as,
f(t) = 5tu(t) 7.5u(t2) + 2.5u(t6).
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Figure 15.27
f1(t)
f1(t)
5
5(t)
5(t-1)
5(t-1)
5(t-1)
1 e s se s
s 2 (1 e 3s )
Alternatively, we can obtain the same answer by noting that f1(t) = 5tu(t) 5tu(t1)
5u(t1).
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Figure 15.28
f ( t ) = 5 u ( t ) 3 u ( t 1) + 3 u ( t 3) 5 u ( t 4)
F(s) =
1
[ 5 3 e -s + 3 e - 3 s 5 e - 4 s ]
s
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Figure 15.29
t
-(t-1) (t-2)
f(t) = 2(t) (t1) (t2)
Taking the Laplace transform of each term,
sF(s) = 2 es e2s which leads to
F(s) = [2 es e2s]/s
We can also obtain the same answer noting that f(t) = 2u(t) u(t1) u(t2).
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Figure 15.30
(a)
g ( t ) = u ( t ) u ( t 1) + 2 [ u ( t 1) u ( t 2)] + 3 [ u ( t 2) u ( t 3)]
= u ( t ) + u ( t 1) + u ( t 2) 3 u ( t 3)
1
G (s) = (1 + e -s + e - 2s 3 e - 3s )
s
(b)
h ( t ) = 2 t [ u ( t ) u ( t 1)] + 2 [ u ( t 1) u ( t 3)]
+ (8 2 t ) [ u ( t 3) u ( t 4)]
= 2t u ( t ) 2 ( t 1) u ( t 1) 2 u ( t 1) + 2 u ( t 1) 2 u ( t 3)
2 ( t 3) u ( t 3) + 2 u ( t 3) + 2 ( t 4) u ( t 4)
= 2t u ( t ) 2 ( t 1) u ( t 1) 2 ( t 3) u ( t 3) + 2 ( t 4) u ( t 4)
H(s) =
2
2 - 3s 2 - 4 s
2
-s
+ 2 e = 2 (1 e -s e - 3s + e -4s )
2 (1 e ) 2 e
s
s
s
s
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Calculate the Laplace transform of the train of unit impulses in Fig. 15.31.
Figure 15.31
1
1 e - 2s
The periodic function shown in Fig. 15.32 is defined over its period as
sin t , 0 < t < 1
g (t )
1< t < 2
0,
Find G(s)
Figure 15.32
(1 + e -s )
s + 2
2
G 1 (s)
(1 + e -s )
G (s) =
=
1 e -2s (s 2 + 2 )(1 e - 2s )
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Figure 15.33
T = 2
Let
f1 ( t ) = 1 [ u ( t ) u ( t 2)]
2
t
1
f1 ( t ) = u ( t )
u(t) +
( t 2 ) u ( t 2 )
2
2
1
1
e - 2s 2 s + - 1 + e -2s
+
=
F1 (s) =
s 2s 2 2s 2
2s 2
F(s) =
F1 (s)
2s 1 + e 2s
=
1 e -Ts 2s 2 (1 e - 2s )
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Figure 15.34
(b)
1 2 (1 e -s ) 2
H(s) = + 2
s s (1 e - 2s )
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Figure 15.35
For Prob. 15.23.
Let
1 0 < t <1
f1 ( t ) =
- 1 1 < t < 2
f 1 ( t ) = [ u ( t ) u ( t 1)] [ u ( t 1) u ( t 2)]
f 1 ( t ) = u ( t ) 2 u ( t 1) + u ( t 2)
1
1
F1 (s) = (1 2 e -s + e -2s ) = (1 e -s ) 2
s
s
F1 (s)
, T=2
(1 e -sT )
(1 e -s ) 2
F(s) =
s (1 e - 2s )
F(s) =
(b)
Let
h 1 ( t ) = t 2 [ u ( t ) u ( t 2)] = t 2 u ( t ) t 2 u ( t 2)
h 1 ( t ) = t 2 u ( t ) ( t 2) 2 u ( t 2) 4 ( t 2) u ( t 2) 4 u ( t 2)
2
4
4
H 1 (s) = 3 (1 e -2s ) 2 e -2s e -2s
s
s
s
H 1 (s)
, T=2
(1 e -Ts )
2 (1 e -2s ) 4s e -2s (s + s 2 )
H(s) =
s 3 (1 e - 2s )
H(s) =
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s 2 + 10 s + 6
2
s (s + 1) (s + 3)
s 2 + 10 s + 6
6
=
=3
2
s 0 ( s + 1) ( s + 2)
(1)(2)
f () = lim sF ( s ) = lim
s 0
F (s ) =
5(s + 1)
(s + 2)(s + 3)
(a) Use the initial and final value theorems to find f(0) and f ( ) .
(b) Verify your answer in part (a) by finding f(t), using partial fractions.
( s + 2)( s + 3)
(1 + 2 / s )(1 + 3 / s )
5s ( s + 1)
f () = lim sF ( s ) = lim
=0
s 0
s 0 ( s + 2)( s + 3)
(a)
(b) F ( s ) =
5( s + 1)
A
B
=
+
( s + 2)( s + 3) s + 2 s + 3
5(1)
5(2)
B=
= 5,
= 10
1
1
5
10
F (s) =
+
f (t ) = 5e 2t + 10e 3t
s+2 s+3
A=
f(0) = -5 + 10 = 5
f( )= -0 + 0 = 0.
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s2 + 3
s 3 + 4s 2 + 6
s 2 2s + 1
(b) F (s ) =
(s 2) s 2 + 2s + 4
(a) F (s ) =
s 3 + 3s
=1
3
2
s s + 4s + 6
s 3 2s 2 + s
2
s
s (s 2)(s + 2s + 4)
2 1
1 + 2
s s
= lim
=1
s
2 2 4
1 1 + + 2
s s s
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permitted by McGraw-Hill for their individual course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual,
you are using it without permission.
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of this Manual may be displayed, reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior
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f ( t ) = u ( t ) + 2 e -t u ( t )
(b)
G (s) =
3 (s + 4) 11
11
= 3
s+4
s+4
g( t ) = 3 ( t ) 11e -4t u ( t )
(c)
4
A
B
=
+
(s + 1)(s + 3) s + 1 s + 3
A = 2,
B = -2
2
2
H(s) =
s +1 s + 3
H(s) =
h ( t ) = 2 e -t 2 e -3t u(t)
(d)
12
A
B
C
=
+
2
2 +
(s + 2) (s + 4) s + 2 (s + 2)
s+4
12
12
B=
= 6, C=
=3
2
(-2) 2
12 = A (s + 2) (s + 4) + B (s + 4) + C (s + 2) 2
J (s) =
Equating coefficients :
0= A+C
A = -C = -3
s2 :
s1 :
s0 :
0 = 6A + B + 4C = 2A + B
B = -2A = 6
12 = 8A + 4B + 4C = -24 + 24 + 12 = 12
J (s) =
-3
6
3
+
2 +
s + 2 (s + 2)
s+4
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20(s + 2 )
s (s 2 + 6s + 25)
6 s 2 + 36 s + 20
(b) P (s ) =
(s + 1)(s + 2)(s + 3)
20( s + 2) = A( s 2 + 6s + 25s ) + Bs 2 + Cs
Equating components,
s2 :
0 = A + B or B= - A
s:
20 = 6A + C
constant: 40 25 A or A = 8/5, B = -8/5, C= 20 6A= 52/5
8
52
8
24 52
s+
( s + 3) + +
8
8
5
5
F (s) = + 5 2 5 2 = + 5
2
2
5s ( s + 3) + 4
5s
( s + 3) + 4
8
8
19
f (t ) = u (t ) e 3t cos 4t + e 3t sin 4t
5
5
5
6 s 2 + 36 s + 20
A
B
C
=
+
+
( s + 1)( s + 2)( s + 3) s + 1 s + 2 s + 3
6 36 + 20
A=
= 5
(1 + 2)(1 + 3)
24 72 + 20
B=
= 28
(1)(1)
54 108 + 20
C=
= 17
(2)(1)
5
28
17
+
P( s) =
s +1 s + 2 s + 3
(b) P ( s ) =
2
As + B
+
; 2s 2 + 8s + 26 + As 2 + Bs = 2s + 26 A = 2 and B = 6
s (s + 2) 2 + 3 2
V(s) =
2
2(s + 2)
2
3
2
2
s (s + 2) + 3
3 (s + 2) 2 + 3 2
2
v(t) = (2 2e 2 t cos 3t e 2 t sin 3t )u ( t ), t 0
3
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6 s 2 + 8s + 3
s (s 2 + 2s + 5)
(b) F2 (s ) =
s 2 + 5s + 6
(c) F3 (s ) =
(s + 1)2 (s + 4)
10
(s + 1)(s 2 + 4s + 8)
(a)
F1 ( s ) =
6 s 2 + 8s + 3
A
Bs + C
= + 2
2
s ( s + 2 s + 5) s s + 2s + 5
6s 2 + 8s + 3 = A( s 2 + 2 s + 5) + Bs 2 + Cs
We equate coefficients.
s2 :
6=A+B
s:
8= 2A + C
constant: 3=5A or A=3/5
B=6-A = 27/5,
C=8-2A = 34/5
F1 ( s) =
3 / 5 27 s / 5 + 34 / 5 3 / 5 27( s + 1) / 5 + 7 / 5
+ 2
=
+
s
s + 2s + 5
s
( s + 1) 2 + 22
7
3 27
f1 (t ) = + e t cos 2t + e t sin 2t u (t )
10
5 5
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s 2 + 5s + 6
A
B
C
=
+
+
2
2
s+4
( s + 1) ( s + 4) s + 1 ( s + 1)
2
s + 5s + 6 = A( s + 1)( s + 4) + B( s + 4) + C ( s + 1) 2
Equating coefficients,
(b) F2 ( s ) =
1=A+C
s2 :
s:
5=5A+B+2C
constant: 6=4A+4B+C
Solving these gives
A=7/9, B= 2/3, C=2/9
F2 ( s) =
7/9
2/3
2/9
+
+
2
s + 1 ( s + 1) s + 4
2
2
7
f 2 (t ) = e t + te t + e4t u (t )
3
9
9
10
A
Bs + C
=
+ 2
2
( s + 1)( s + 4s + 8) s + 1 s + 4 s + 8
10 = A( s 2 + 4s + 8) + B ( s 2 + s ) + C ( s + 1)
s2 :
0 = A + B or B = -A
s:
0=4A+ B + C
constant:
10=8A+C
Solving these yields
A=2, B= -2, C= -6
2
2 s 6
2
2( s + 1)
4
F 3 (s) =
+ 2
=
2
2
s + 1 s + 4s + 8 s + 1 ( s + 1) + 2 ( s + 1) 2 + 22
(c ) F 3 ( s ) =
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(a)
F(s) =
10s
A
B
C
=
+
+
(s + 1)(s + 2)(s + 3) s + 1 s + 2 s + 3
- 10
= -5
2
- 20
B = F(s) (s + 2) s= -2 =
= 20
-1
- 30
C = F(s) (s + 3) s= -3 =
= -15
2
A = F(s) (s + 1) s= -1 =
F(s) =
-5
20
15
+
s +1 s + 2 s + 3
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(b)
2s 2 + 4s + 1
A
B
C
D
F(s) =
+
+
3 =
2 +
(s + 1)(s + 2)
s + 1 s + 2 (s + 2)
(s + 2) 3
A = F(s) (s + 1) s= -1 = -1
D = F(s) (s + 2) 3
s = -2
= -1
2 = 6A + 5B + C = A + C
C = 2 A = 3
4 = 12A + 8B + 3C + D = 4A + 3C + D
4 = 6+A+ D
D = -2 A = -1
1 = 8A + 4B + 2C + D = 4A + 2C + D = -4 + 6 1 = 1
-1
1
3
1
+
+
s + 1 s + 2 (s + 2) 2 (s + 2) 3
t 2 -2t
f(t) = -e + e + 3 t e e
2
2
t
f ( t ) = (-e -t + 1 + 3 t e -2t )u ( t )
-t
(c)
- 2t
- 2t
s +1
A
Bs + C
=
+ 2
2
(s + 2)(s + 2s + 5) s + 2 s + 2s + 5
-1
A = F(s) (s + 2) s= -2 =
5
2
s + 1 = A (s + 2s + 5) + B (s 2 + 2s) + C (s + 2)
Equating coefficients :
1
0= A+B
B = -A =
s2 :
5
1
1 = 2A + 2B + C = 0 + C
C = 1
s :
0
1 = 5A + 2C = -1 + 2 = 1
s :
F(s) =
F(s) =
-1 5
1 5 s +1
-1 5
1 5 (s + 1)
45
+
+
2
2 =
2
2 +
s + 2 (s + 1) + 2
s + 2 (s + 1) + 2
(s + 1) 2 + 2 2
F(s) =
8 (s + 1)(s + 3) A
B
C
= +
+
s (s + 2)(s + 4) s s + 2 s + 4
(8)(3)
=3
(2)(4)
(8)(-1)
B = F(s) (s + 2) s= -2 =
=2
(-4)
(8)(-1)(-3)
=3
C = F(s) (s + 4) s= -4 =
(-4)(-2)
A = F(s) s s= 0 =
F(s) =
3
2
3
+
+
s s+2 s+4
F(s) =
s 2 2s + 4
A
B
C
+
+
2 =
(s + 1)(s + 2)
s + 1 s + 2 (s + 2) 2
s 2 2s + 4 = A (s 2 + 4s + 4) + B (s 2 + 3s + 2) + C (s + 1)
Equating coefficients :
1= A+ B
B = 1 A
s2 :
1
- 2 = 4A + 3B + C = 3 + A + C
s :
0
4 = 4A + 2B + C = -B 2
B = -6
s :
A = 1 B = 7
F(s) =
C = -5 - A = -12
7
6
12
s + 1 s + 2 (s + 2) 2
f ( t ) = 7 e -t 6 (1 + 2 t ) e -2t
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(c)
F(s) =
s2 +1
A
Bs + C
=
+ 2
2
(s + 3)(s + 4s + 5) s + 3 s + 4s + 5
s 2 + 1 = A (s 2 + 4s + 5) + B (s 2 + 3s) + C (s + 3)
Equating coefficients :
s2 :
1= A+ B
B = 1 A
s1 :
0
s :
0 = 4A + 3B + C = 3 + A + C
A + C = -3
1 = 5A + 3C = -9 + 2A
A = 5
B = 1 A = -4
F(s) =
C = -A 3 = -8
4 (s + 2)
5
4s + 8
5
2
s + 3 (s + 2) + 1 s + 3 (s + 2) 2 + 1
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part
of this Manual may be displayed, reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior
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s1 :
0= A+B
B = -A = C
s0 :
6 = B + C = 2B
B = 3
A = -3 ,
B = 3,
C=3
F(s) =
3
- 3s + 3
3
- 3s
3
=
+ 2
+ 2
+ 2
s +1 s +1 s +1 s +1 s +1
(c)
s e - s
s2 +1
f ( t ) = cos(t ) u(t )
F(s) =
8
A
B
C
D
+
+
3 =
2 +
s (s + 1)
s s + 1 (s + 1)
(s + 1) 3
A = 8,
D = -8
3
2
8 = A (s + 3s + 3s + 1) + B (s 3 + 2s 2 + s) + C (s 2 + s) + D s
Equating coefficients :
s3 :
0= A+B
B = -A
F(s) =
s2 :
0 = 3A + 2B + C = A + C
C = -A = B
0 = 3A + B + C + D = A + D
D = -A
A = 8, B = 8, C = 8, D = 8
8
8
8
8
F(s) =
2
s s + 1 (s + 1)
(s + 1) 3
s1 :
s0 :
f ( t ) = 8 [ 1 e -t t e -t 0.5 t 2 e -t ] u(t )
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of this Manual may be displayed, reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior
written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited distribution to teachers and educators
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s2 +1
s2 + 4
(b) G (s ) =
e s + 4e 2 s
s 2 + 6s + 8
(c) H (s ) =
(s + 1)e 2 s
s (s + 3)(s + 4 )
F(s) = 10 +
s2 + 4 3
3
= 11 2
2
s +4
s +4
f ( t ) = 11 (t ) 1.5 sin( 2t )
(b)
G (s) =
e -s + 4 e -2s
(s + 2)(s + 4)
Let
1
A
B
=
+
(s + 2)(s + 4) s + 2 s + 4
A =1 2
B=1 2
1
e -s 1
1
1
+ 2 e -2s
+
G (s) =
+
s + 2 s + 4
2 s + 2 s + 4
Let
s +1
A
B
C
= +
+
s (s + 3)(s + 4) s s + 3 s + 4
A = 1 12 ,
B = 2 3,
C = -3 4
1 1 23
3 4 -2s
e
H(s) = +
12 s s + 3 s + 4
1 2
3
h ( t ) = + e - 3(t - 2) e -4(t - 2) u(t 2)
12 3
4
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written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited distribution to teachers and educators
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(s + 3)e 6 s
(s + 1)(s + 2)
(b) F (s ) =
4 e 2 s
s 2 + 5s + 4
(c) F (s ) =
se s
(s + 3)(s 2 + 4)
G (s) =
Let
A = 2,
G (s) =
s+3
A
B
=
+
(s + 1)(s + 2) s + 1 s + 2
B = -1
2
1
s +1 s + 2
g( t ) = 2 e - t e -2t
Let
G (s) =
A = 1 3,
1
A
B
=
+
(s + 1)(s + 4) s + 1 s + 4
B = -1 3
G (s) =
1
1
3 (s + 1) 3 (s + 4)
g( t ) =
1 -t
[ e e -4t ]
3
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of this Manual may be displayed, reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior
written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited distribution to teachers and educators
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(c)
Let
G (s) =
s
A
Bs + C
=
+ 2
2
(s + 3)(s + 4) s + 3 s + 4
A = - 3 13
s = A (s 2 + 4) + B (s 2 + 3s) + C (s + 3)
Equating coefficients :
s2 :
0= A+B
B = -A
1
1 = 3B + C
s :
0
0 = 4A + 3C
s :
A = - 3 13 ,
13 G (s) =
B = 3 13 ,
C = 4 13
- 3 3s + 4
+
s + 3 s2 + 4
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of this Manual may be displayed, reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior
written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited distribution to teachers and educators
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X(s) =
1
A B
C
D
= + 2+
+
s (s + 2)(s + 3) s s
s+2 s+3
2
B = 1 6,
C =1 4,
D = -1 9
1 = A (s 3 + 5s 2 + 6s) + B (s 2 + 5s + 6) + C (s 3 + 3s 2 ) + D (s 3 + 2s 2 )
Equating coefficients :
s3 :
0 = A+C+D
2
s :
0 = 5A + B + 3C + 2D = 3A + B + C
1
0 = 6 A + 5B
s :
0
1 = 6B
B = 1 6
s :
A = - 5 6 B = - 5 36
X(s) =
- 5 36 1 6 1 4
19
+ 2 +
s
s
s+2 s+3
x(t) =
1
1
1
-5
u(t ) + t + e - 2t e - 3t
9
4
6
36
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of this Manual may be displayed, reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior
written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited distribution to teachers and educators
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you are using it without permission.
(b)
1
A
B
C
+
+
2 =
s (s + 1)
s s + 1 (s + 1) 2
A = 1,
C = -1
Y(s) =
1 = A (s 2 + 2s + 1) + B (s 2 + s) + C s
Equating coefficients :
s2 :
0= A+B
B = -A
s1 :
s0 :
0 = 2A + B + C = A + C
C = -A
1 = A, B = -1, C = -1
1
1
1
Y(s) =
s s + 1 (s + 1) 2
y( t ) = u(t ) e -t t e -t
(c)
Z(s) =
A
B
Cs + D
+
+ 2
s s + 1 s + 6s + 10
A = 1 10 ,
B = -1 5
s0 :
1 = 10A
A = 1 10
A = 1 10 ,
B = -2A = - 1 5 ,
C = A = 1 10 ,
D = 4A =
4
10
1
2
s+4
10 Z(s) =
+ 2
s s + 1 s + 6s + 10
1
2
s+3
1
+
+
10 Z(s) =
2
s s + 1 (s + 3) + 1 (s + 3) 2 + 1
z( t ) = 0.1 [ 1 2 e -t + e -3t cos(t ) + e -3t sin( t )] u(t )
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of this Manual may be displayed, reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior
written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited distribution to teachers and educators
permitted by McGraw-Hill for their individual course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual,
you are using it without permission.
s+4
s (s + 2 )
(b) G (s ) =
s 2 + 4s + 5
(s + 3)(s 2 + 2s + 2)
(c) F (s ) =
e 4 s
s+2
(d) D(s ) =
10s
s +1 s2 + 4
)(
(a) H ( s ) =
s+4
A
B
= +
s ( s + 2) s s + 2
s+4 =A(s+2) + Bs
Equating coefficients,
s:
1=A+B
constant: 4= 2 A
A =2, B=1-A = -1
2
1
s s+2
h(t ) = 2u (t ) e 2t u (t ) = (2 e 2t )u (t )
H (s) =
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of this Manual may be displayed, reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior
written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited distribution to teachers and educators
permitted by McGraw-Hill for their individual course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual,
you are using it without permission.
(b)
G ( s) =
A
Bs + C
+ 2
s + 3 s + 2s + 2
s 2 + 4s + 5 = ( Bs + C )( s + 3) + A( s 2 + 2 s + 2)
Equating coefficients,
1= B + A
(1)
s2 :
s:
4 = 3B + C + 2A
(2)
Constant: 5 =3C + 2A
(3)
Solving (1) to (3) gives
2
3
7
A= ,
B= , C=
5
5
5
0.4 0.6s + 1.4
0.4 0.6( s + 1) + 0.8
+ 2
=
+
G ( s) =
( s + 1) 2 + 1
s + 3 s + 2s + 2 s + 3
g (t ) = 0.4e 3t + 0.6e t cos t + 0.8e t sin t
(d) D( s ) =
10s
As + B Cs + D
= 2
+ 2
2
( s + 1)( s + 4) s + 1
s +4
2
10 s = ( s 2 + 4)( As + B) + ( s 2 + 1)(Cs + D)
Equating coefficients,
0=A+C
s3 :
0=B+D
s2 :
s:
10 = 4A + C
constant: 0 = 4B+D
Solving these leads to
A = -10/3, B = 0, C = -10/3, D = 0
10s / 3 10s / 3
D( s ) == 2
s +1 s2 + 4
10
10
d (t ) = cos t cos 2t
3
3
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of this Manual may be displayed, reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior
written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited distribution to teachers and educators
permitted by McGraw-Hill for their individual course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual,
you are using it without permission.
s 2 + 4s
s 2 + 10s + 26
5s 2 + 7 s + 29
(b) F (s ) =
s (s 2 + 4 s + 29)
(a) F (s ) =
s 2 + 4s
s 2 + 10s + 26 6s 26
=
s 2 + 10s + 26
s 2 + 10s + 26
6s + 26
F(s) = 1 2
s + 10s + 26
6 (s + 5)
4
F(s) = 1
2
2 +
(s + 5) + 1
(s + 5) 2 + 12
F(s) =
f ( t ) = (t ) 6 e -t cos(5t ) + 4 e -t sin( 5t )
(b)
F(s) =
5s 2 + 7s + 29
A
Bs + C
= + 2
2
s (s + 4s + 29) s s + 4s + 29
5s 2 + 7s + 29 = A (s 2 + 4s + 29) + B s 2 + C s
Equating coefficients :
s0 :
29 = 29A
A = 1
s1 :
7 = 4A + C
C = 7 4A = 3
s2 :
5= A+B
B = 5 A = 4
A = 1,
B = 4,
C=3
4 (s + 2)
1
4s + 3
1
5
= +
F(s) = + 2
2
2
s s + 4s + 29 s (s + 2) + 5
(s + 2) 2 + 5 2
f ( t ) = u(t ) + 4 e -2t cos(5t ) e -2t sin( 5t )
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of this Manual may be displayed, reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior
written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited distribution to teachers and educators
permitted by McGraw-Hill for their individual course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual,
you are using it without permission.
2s 3 + 4s 2 + 1
s 2 + 2s + 17 s 2 + 4s + 20
)(
s2 + 4
(s 2 + 9)(s 2 + 6s + 3)
2s 3 + 4s 2 + 1
As + B
Cs + D
F(s) = 2
= 2
+ 2
2
(s + 2s + 17)(s + 4s + 20) s + 2s + 17 s + 4s + 20
s 3 + 4s 2 + 1 = A(s 3 + 4s 2 + 20s) + B(s 2 + 4s + 20)
+ C(s 3 + 2s 2 + 17s) + D(s 2 + 2s + 17)
Equating coefficients :
2= A+C
s3 :
s2 :
s1 :
s0 :
4 = 4 A + B + 2C + D
0 = 20A + 4B + 17C + 2D
1 = 20B + 17 D
F(s) =
f ( t ) = - 1.6 e -t cos(4t ) 4.05 e -t sin( 4t ) + 3.6 e -2t cos(4t ) + 3.45 e -2t sin( 4t )
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part
of this Manual may be displayed, reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior
written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited distribution to teachers and educators
permitted by McGraw-Hill for their individual course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual,
you are using it without permission.
(b)
s2 + 4
As + B
Cs + D
F(s) = 2
= 2
+ 2
2
(s + 9)(s + 6s + 3) s + 9 s + 6s + 3
s 2 + 4 = A (s 3 + 6s 2 + 3s) + B (s 2 + 6s + 3) + C (s 3 + 9s) + D (s 2 + 9)
Equating coefficients :
s3 :
0= A+C
C = -A
s2 :
1 = 6A + B + D
1
s :
0 = 3A + 6B + 9C = 6B + 6C
0
4 = 3B + 9D
s :
Solving these equations,
A = 1 12 ,
B = 1 12 ,
12 F(s) =
G (s) =
-s+5
s + 5.449
-s+5
F=
s + 0.551
E=
G (s) =
C = - 1 12 ,
D = 5 12
s +1
-s+5
+ 2
2
s + 9 s + 6s + 3
s 2 + 6s + 3 = 0
Let
B = -C = A
- 6 36 - 12
= -0.551, - 5.449
2
-s+5
E
F
=
+
s + 6s + 3 s + 0.551 s + 5.449
2
s = -0.551
= 1.133
s = -5.449
= - 2.133
1.133
2.133
s + 0.551 s + 5.449
12 F(s) =
s
1
3
1.133
2.133
+
s 2 + 3 2 3 s 2 + 3 2 s + 0.551 s + 5.449
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2e t cos(2t + 45) + 3e 2t u (t )
4=A+B
s:
7 = 2A + 2B + C
C = 1
13 = 5A + 2C
5A = 15 or A = 3, B = 1
constant :
H(s) =
3
s 1
3
(s + 1) 2
+
=
+
2
s + 2 s + 2s + 5 s + 2 (s + 1) 2 + 2 2
Hence,
h ( t ) = 3e 2 t + e t cos 2t e t sin 2t = 3e 2 t + e t (A cos cos 2t A sin sin 2t )
where A cos = 1,
A sin = 1
= 45 o
A = 2,
Thus,
h(t) =
[ 2e
cos(2 t + 45 o ) + 3e 2 t u ( t )
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Figure 15.36
For Prob. 15.41.
* An asterisk indicates a challenging problem.
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0 t 2
0
t
-4
For 0 < t < 2, there is overlapping, as shown below.
y( )
4
-4
t
z (t ) = (2)(4)dt = 8t
0
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t4
t 8
t
-4
z (t ) = (2)(4)d + (2)(4)d = 16 8t
-4
2
z (t ) =
t 6
2
t 6
6
2
+ 8
= 16
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y( )
4
10 t 12
10
-4
6
z (t ) =
t 6
(2)(4)d + (2)(4)d = 8
6
6
8
+ 8 = 8t 80
6
t 6
12 t
-4
8
z (t ) =
t 6
(2)(4)d = 8
8
= 112 8t
t 6
Hence,
z(t) = 8t,
168t,
16,
8t80,
1128t,
0,
0<t<2
2<t<6
6<t<8
8<t<12
12<t<14
otherwise.
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t-2
y (t ) = f (t ) * f (t ) = (1)(1)d = t
0
0
2
y (t ) =
t 2
(1)(1)d = t
t-2
2
= 4t
t2
Thus,
t,
0<t <2
y (t ) = 4 t ,
2<t <4
0, otherwise
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written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited distribution to teachers and educators
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you are using it without permission.
Figure 15.37
For Prob. 15.43.
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written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited distribution to teachers and educators
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1
h()
t-1
0 t
t-1 1
(a)
(b)
For 1 < t < 2 , x ( t ) and h () overlap as shown in Fig. (b).
1
t
2 1
-1 2
t
y( t ) = t 1 (1)() d + 1 (1)(1) d =
t + 2t 1
t 1 + 1 =
2
2
For t > 2 , there is a complete overlap so that
y( t ) = t 1 (1)(1) d = tt 1 = t ( t 1) = 1
t
Therefore,
t 2 2,
0<t<1
2
- (t 2) + 2t 1, 1 < t < 2
y( t ) =
1,
t>2
0,
otherwise
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(b)
x(t-)
t
0
h() = 2e-
(c)
Therefore,
y( t ) = 2 (1 e -t ), t > 0
(c)
t-1 -1
h()
t 0
t+1 1
(d)
For 0 < t < 1 , x ( t ) and h () overlap as shown in Fig. (e).
y( t ) = 0 (1)() d + 1 (1)(2 ) d
t +1
y( t ) =
2
2
1
0
-1
1
2
+ 2 1t +1 = t 2 + t +
2
2
2
-1 t-1
0 t
1 t+1 2
(e)
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y( t ) =
2
2
1
t 1
-1
1
2
+ 2 12 = t 2 + t +
2
2
2
t-1 1
2 t+1
(f)
For 2 < t < 3 , x ( t ) and h () overlap as shown in Fig. (g).
2
9
1
2
y( t ) = t 1 (1)(2 ) d = 2 2t 1 = 3t + t 2
2
2
2
1 t-1 2
t+1
(g)
Therefore,
( t 2 2 ) + t + 1 2, - 1 < t < 0
2
- ( t 2 ) + t + 1 2 , 0 < t < 2
y( t ) = 2
( t 2 ) 3t + 9 2, 2 < t < 3
0,
otherwise
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written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited distribution to teachers and educators
permitted by McGraw-Hill for their individual course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual,
you are using it without permission.
Figure 15.38
For Prob. 15.44.
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written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited distribution to teachers and educators
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you are using it without permission.
x(t - )
h()
0 t
t-1
-1
(a)
For 1 < t < 2 , x ( t ) and h () overlap as shown in Fig. (b).
y( t ) = t 1 (1)(1) d + 1 (-1)(1) d = 1t 1 1t = 3 2 t
1
2
t 1
= t3
t-1 1
-1
1 t-1
2 t
-1
(b)
(c)
Therefore,
0<t <1
t,
3 2t , 1 < t < 2
y( t ) =
2<t<3
t 3,
0,
otherwise
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(b)
f1(t - )
f2()
1 t-1 2
(d)
2 t-1 3
(e)
2
t2
= t 2t = 2 t + 2
2
2
t
1
2 t
y( t ) = t 1 (1)( t ) d = t t 1 =
2
2
-1
2
y (t ) = (1)( t ) d = t t51 = t 2 + 5t 12
t 1
4 t-1 5
(f)
Therefore,
( t 2 2 ) 2t + 2,
2<t<3
1 2,
3<t<5
y( t ) = 2
- (t 2) + 5t 12, 5 < t < 6
0,
otherwise
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2 t
2 t
= 4e u (t ) 8te u (t )
z (t ) = e 2t u (t ) ,
y (t ) = 4u (t ) ,
x(t ) * y (t )
x(t ) * z (t )
y (t ) * z (t )
y (t ) * [ y (t ) + z (t )]
(c ) y (t ) * z (t ) = 4u (t ) * e 2t u (t ) = 4 e2 d =
0
4e 2 t
= 2(1 e2t )
2 0
= 4 [4 + e 2 ]d = 4[4t +
0
e 2 t
] = 16t 2e2t + 2
2 0
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H (s ) =
(s + 1)(s + 2)
(a) H ( s ) =
s:
1= A+B
constant: 0 =2A +B
Solving these, A = -1, B= 2.
1
2
+
s +1 s + 2
h(t ) = (e t + 2e 2t )u (t )
H (s) =
Y ( s)
s
1
(b) H ( s ) =
s +1 s + 2
y (t ) = (e t e 2t )u (t )
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(b) F (s ) =
(s
4
2
+ 2s + 5
2s
(s + 1) s 2 + 4
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2
2
=
s + 2s + 5 (s + 1) 2 + 2 2
g( t ) = e -t sin(2 t )
Let G (s) =
f ( t ) = 0 e - sin(2) e -( t ) sin( 2( t )) d
t
sin(A) sin(B) =
1
[ cos(A B) cos(A + B)]
2
1 - t t -
e e [ cos(2t ) cos(2( t 2))] d
2 0
t
e -t
e -t t
f (t) =
cos(2 t ) 0 e -2 d 0 e -2 cos(2 t 4) d
2
2
f (t) =
e -t
e -2 t e -t t -2
f (t) =
cos(2 t )
e [ cos(2 t ) cos(4) + sin( 2 t ) sin( 4)] d
2
-2 0 2 0
t
e -t
1 -t
-2 t
f ( t ) = e cos(2 t ) (-e + 1) cos(2 t ) 0 e -2 cos(4) d
4
2
-t
t
e
sin( 2 t ) 0 e -2 sin( 4) d
2
1 -t
f ( t ) = e cos(2t ) (1 e -2 t )
4
e -2
e -t
(- 2cos(4) 4 sin(4)) 0t
cos(2t )
2
4 + 16
-t
-2
e
e
(- 2sin(4) + 4 cos(4)) 0t
sin(2t )
2
4 + 16
f (t) =
e -3t
e -t
e -3t
e -t
cos( 2t ) cos(4t )
cos( 2t ) +
cos( 2t )
cos( 2t )
20
20
4
2
e -t
e -3t
+
sin( 2t )
cos( 2t ) sin( 4t ) +
10
10
e -t
e -t
+
sin( 2t ) cos(4t )
sin( 2t ) sin( 4t )
10
20
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(b)
Let
X(s) =
2
,
s +1
Y(s) =
x ( t ) = 2 e -t u ( t ) ,
s
s+4
y( t ) = cos(2t ) u ( t )
f ( t ) = 0 cos(2) 2 e -(t ) d
t
e
(cos(2) + 2 sin(2)) 0t
f (t) = 2 e
1+ 4
2
f ( t ) = e -t [ e t ( cos(2t ) + 2 sin(2t ) 1) ]
5
2
4
2
f ( t ) = cos( 2t ) + sin( 2t ) e -t
5
5
5
-t
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e a
=t
a
e a
a2
(a 1)
=
0
t at
1 e at
(e 1)
(at 1)
a
a2 a2
(b) cos t *cos tu (t ) = cos cos(t )d = {cos t cos cos + sin t sin cos }d
t
t
1
1
sin 2 t
cos
= cos t [1 + cos 2 ]d + sin t cos d ( cos ) = cos t[ +
] sin t
0
2
2
2
0
0
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[s
3s
s +4
2
3s
s +4
3
3s
s + 7s
= 2
(s 2 + 2s + 10) V(s) = s + 2
s +4 s +4
3
s + 7s
As + B
Cs + D
V(s) = 2
+ 2
= 2
2
(s + 4)(s + 2s + 10) s + 4 s + 2s + 10
C=
17
,
26
D=
- 30
26
1 9s + 12
17s 30
+ 2
2
26 s + 4 s + 2s + 10
1 9s
2
s +1
47
+ 6 2
+ 17
V(s) = 2
2
2
2
2
26 s + 4
s +4
(s + 1) + 3
(s + 1) + 3
V(s) =
v( t ) =
47
17
6
9
cos( 2t ) + sin( 2t ) + e -t cos( 3t ) e -t sin( 3t )
78
26
26
26
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d 2v
dv
+ 5 + 6v = 10e t u (t )
2
dt
dt
or
Let V(s) =
A
B
C
+
+
,
s +1 s + 2 s + 3
A = 5,
B = 0,
C = 3
Hence,
v( t ) = (5e t 3e 3t )u ( t )
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written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited distribution to teachers and educators
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d 2i
di
+ 3 + 2i + (t ) = 0 ,
2
dt
dt
i (0 ) = 0 ,
i ' (0 ) = 3
[s
(s 2 + 3s + 2) I(s) s 3 3 + 1 = 0
I(s) =
s+5
A
B
=
+
(s + 1)(s + 2) s + 1 s + 2
A = 4,
I(s) =
B = -3
4
3
s +1 s + 2
i( t ) = (4 e -t 3 e -2t ) u(t )
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written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited distribution to teachers and educators
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x(t ) = cos t + e t x( ) d
0
0 x ()e
(t )
X(s) =
s
s2 + 1
s +1
s2 + 1
1
s
s + 1 1
X(s)
X(s) = 2
s +1
s +1
s +1
s
s2 + 1
1
s2 + 1
x(t) = cos(t) + sin(t).
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written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited distribution to teachers and educators
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d 2i
di
+ 4 + 5i = 2e 2t
2
dt
dt
Subject to i (0 ) = 0, i (0 ) = 2 .
I ( s )( s 2 + 4 s + 5) =
I ( s) =
2
2s + 2
2
2( s + 2)
2
2
=
+
2
s + 2 s +4 s + 5 s + 2 ( s + 2) +1 ( s + 2) 2 +1
[s
Y(s) =
A=
s +1
s + 2s + 5
2
(s + 1)
A
B
C
Ds + E
= +
+
+ 2
2
s (s + 2)(s + 4)(s + 2s + 5) s s + 2 s + 4 s + 2s + 5
1
,
40
B=
1
,
20
C=
-3
,
104
D=
-3
,
65
E=
-7
65
Y(s) =
3s + 7
1 1 1
1
3
1
1
+
40 s 20 s + 2 104 s + 4 65 (s + 1) 2 + 2 2
Y(s) =
3 (s + 1)
1 1 1
1
3
1
1
1
4
+
2
2
40 s 20 s + 2 104 s + 4 65 (s + 1) + 2
65 (s + 1) 2 + 2 2
y( t ) =
2
3 -4t 3 -t
1
1
e e cos( 2t ) e -t sin( 2t )
u(t ) + e - 2t
65
65
104
20
40
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of this Manual may be displayed, reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior
written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited distribution to teachers and educators
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t
dv
+ 12 v dt = 0
dt
12
V(s) = 0
s
12
4
s
V(s) = 8
+
s
V(s) =
8s
2s
= 2
4s + 12 s + 3
2
v( t ) = 2 cos
3t
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of this Manual may be displayed, reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior
written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited distribution to teachers and educators
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y (0 ) = 1
s
s +4
2
s2 + 9
s
s2 + s + 4
Y(s) = 1 + 2
= 2
s +4
s +4
s
Y(s) =
s 3 + s 2 + 4s
As + B Cs + D
= 2
+
2
2
(s + 4)(s + 9) s + 4 s 2 + 9
s 3 + s 2 + 4s = A (s 3 + 9s) + B (s 2 + 9) + C (s 3 + 4s) + D (s 2 + 4)
Equating coefficients :
0 = 9B + 4D
s0 :
1
s :
4 = 9 A + 4C
2
1= B+ D
s :
3
1= A+C
s :
Solving these equations gives
A = 0,
Y(s) =
B = - 4 5,
C = 1,
D=9 5
-4 5 s+9 5 -4 5
95
s
+ 2
= 2
+ 2
+ 2
2
s +4 s +9 s +4 s +9 s +9
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written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited distribution to teachers and educators
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V (s) = 2
[ sV ( s ) + 1] + 2V ( s ) + V ( s ) =
s
s
s + 2s + 5
( s + 1) + 5
( s + 1)
2
=
+5
2
2
2
2
2
( s + 1) + 2
( s + 1) + 2
( s + 1) 2 + 22
v(t ) = (e t cos 2t + 2.5e t sin 2t )u (t )
V ( s) =
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of this Manual may be displayed, reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior
written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited distribution to teachers and educators
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y (0 ) = 1
6
s+2
(s 2 + 4s + 3) Y(s) = s
1
s + 2
Y(s) =
s (4 s)
(4 s) s
=
2
(s + 2)(s + 4s + 3) (s + 1)(s + 2)(s + 3)
Y(s) =
A
B
C
+
+
s +1 s + 2 s + 3
A = 2.5,
Y(s) =
C = -10.5
B = 12,
10.5
2.5 12
+
s +1 s + 2 s + 3
y( t ) = 2.5et + 12e2t 10.5e3t
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part
of this Manual may be displayed, reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior
written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited distribution to teachers and educators
permitted by McGraw-Hill for their individual course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual,
you are using it without permission.
x(0 ) = 1
t
dx
+ 5 x + 3 x dt + 4 = sin 4t ,
0
dt
4s
2s 3 4s 2 + 36s 64
=
s 2 + 16
s 2 + 16
2s 3 4s 2 + 36s 64
s 3 2s 2 + 18s 32
X(s) =
=
(2s 2 + 5s + 3)(s 2 + 16) (s + 1)(s + 1.5)(s 2 + 16)
X(s) =
A
B
Cs + D
+
+ 2
s + 1 s + 1.5 s + 16
A = (s + 1) X(s) s= -1 = -6.235
B = (s + 1.5) X(s) s = -1.5 = 7.329
When s = 0 ,
- 32
B D
= A+
+
(1.5)(16)
1.5 16
D = 0.2579
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part
of this Manual may be displayed, reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior
written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited distribution to teachers and educators
permitted by McGraw-Hill for their individual course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual,
you are using it without permission.