TOPIC: BRAIN

DONE BY : SOUMYA GUPTA

PUSHPANJALI
SNEHA
SUMAIYA
SWETHA
CLASS

: X-B

INTRODUCTION

Highest coordinating center.

Situated in Cranial cavity.

Protected from mechanical injury

by Cranium or Brain box.

PARTS OF BRAIN

FORE BRAIN

Main thinking part.

It includes
(a)Cerebrum
(b)Olfactory

lobes
(c)Diencephalon

CEREBRUM

Largest part of the brain

Consists of two Cerebral Hemisphere.
Joined by Corpus Callosum
Each cerebral hemisphere is divided into
four lobes -

Occipital lobe
Temporal lobe
Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe

OLFACTORY LOBE

Consists of two parts - Olfactory bulb

- Olfactory tract

Covered by central hemisphere.

Concerned with the sense of
smell

DIENCEPHALON

Lies on the inferior side of the

Cerebrum
Its - roof is called Epithalamus
- sides are called Thalami
- floor is called Hypothalamus

CONT..

Hypophysis (pituitary) is attached by

a stalk to the Hypothalamus region
Hypothalamus has control centers for
hunger, thirst, fatigue, sleep,
temperature, sweating and emotion

MID BRAIN

It connects the Fore brain to the Hind

brain.
Consists of
- two fibre tracts called Crura cerebri
- two swellings called superior and
inferior colliculi

CONT..

It controls reflex movement of

- The head, neck and trunk in
response to visual and auditory
stimuli
- The eye muscles ; change in pupil
size as well as shape of the eye
lens

HIND BRAIN

HIND BRAIN
(i)CEREBELLUM
- It lies at the roof of the hind brain
- It controls the coordination of
body movements and postures
(ii)PONS
- It lies above the medulla
- It takes part in regulating
respiration

PONS

CONT..
(iii) MEDULLA OBLANGATA
- It lies on the floor of the hind
brain
- It controls the rate of heart beat,
breathing movement, expansion
and contradiction of blood
vessels, swallowing, coughing,
sneezing and vomiting

FUNCTIONS OF THE BRAIN

It receives information carrying

impulse from all the sensory organs
of the body.
It responds by sending its own
instructions to the muscles and
glands
It correlates the various stimuli from
different sense organs and produces
the most appropriate and intelligent
response

CONT..

It coordinates the bodily activities so

that the mechanisms and chemical
reactions of the body work together
It stores information so that behavior
can be modified according to the past
experience .