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Welding Welding: Flame Cutting Principles
Welding Welding: Flame Cutting Principles
Welding
Principles and Practices
Third Edition
Flame
Cutting
Principles
Chapter 6
1
Copyright
The
McGraw-Hill
Companies,
Inc.
Copyright
The
McGraw-Hill
Companies,
Inc.
Permission
required
for
reproduction
or
display.
Permission required for reproduction or display.
Objectives
1. Describe oxy-fuel cutting principles.
2. Identify oxy-fuel cutting equipment.
3. Explain the safety issues of oxy-fuel
cutting.
4. Describe various support equipment for
oxy-fuel cutting.
5. Identify various cutting techniques.
6. Describe
process.
the
oxygen
lance
cutting
6-2
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6-3
Oxygen Cutting
Requires that the part to be cut be raised to a
temperature of 1,500-1,600F
Stream of pure oxygen directed onto hot metal
causing it to burn rapidly
Burning steel gives off iron oxide as a product
of combustion
Iron oxide solid at room temperature
Melting point below melting point of steel so iron
oxide runs off as molten slag, exposing more iron
to jet
6-5
Properties of Common
Fuel Gases
Propane
Methylacetylenepropadiene (MPS)
Chemical formula
C2H2
C8H8
C3H6
C3H4
Natural
Gas
CH4
Neutral flame F
5,6000 4,580
5,200
5,200
4,600
433
517
11
Secondary flame
Btu/ft3
963 2,243 1,938
1,889
Look for the rest in Table 6.1 from text
989
Acetylene
Primary flame
heat emission Btu/ft3
507
Propylene
255
6-6
Cutting Torch
A high pressure oxygen valve operated by a lever
controls the oxygen.
Connecting Tubes
Cutting Head
Thermadyne Industries, Inc
Handle
6-8
Internal Construction of
a Standard Cutting Torch
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6-9
Internal Construction of
a Standard Cutting Torch
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6 - 10
Internal Construction of
a Standard Cutting Torch
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6 - 11
Internal Construction of
a Standard Cutting Torch
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6 - 12
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6 - 13
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6 - 14
Cutting Tips
6 - 15
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6 - 16
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6 - 17
Orifice Size
Cutting Oxygen orifice size not usually
affected by type of fuel gas used
Preheat orifices need to be of appropriate
design for type of fuel gas being used.
Various fuel gases require different volumes of
oxygen and fuel
Tips used for acetylene usually one piece,
while other fuel cases may be one-or two-piece
tips
6 - 18
Flame Tips
Acetylene tips are
usually one piece
and flat on the flame end.
1
Close quarters
2 cutting attachment
Long
3
Tips for methylacetylene-propadiene
(MPS)
cutting tip
Rivet-cutting tip4
have a flat surface on the flame end.
Straight gouging tips
Most propylene tips have a slight recess,
and natural gas and propane tips usually
have a deeper recess or cupped end.
Bent machining,
gouging
tip cutting tip
Tips may be obtainedRivet-burning
for flame
Sheet
metal
6
tips
7
gouging, scarfing, and rivet cutting. 5
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6 - 19
Thermadyne Industries, Inc
Lighters
The cutting torch should be lighted with a
friction lighter.
The flints of friction lighters can be easily
replaced at small cost when worn out.
Matches should never be used because the
thermal cutters hand has to be too close to
the torch tip and may be burned when the
gases ignite.
There is also the danger that the supply of
matches that the thermal cutter may be
carrying in his or her pockets will ignite and
cause severe burns.
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6 - 20
Goggles
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6 - 21
Gloves
Heat is very intense
Shower of sparks and hot material
Best gloves should be of nonburnable material
Common practice to wear ordinary
canvas glove with cuff which can
be purchases at very small cost
6 - 23
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6 - 24
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6 - 25
ESAB
6 - 26
ESAB
Multiple torches
Large permanent installations can make
use of several cutting torches to make a
number of similar shapes at the same time.
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6 - 27
Automatic Control
ESAB
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6 - 28
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6 - 29
Tracing Devices
ESAB
6 - 30
Stack Cutting
Cuts made through several
thicknesses at same time
Plates in stack must be
clean and flat with edges in
alignment
Tight contact with minimum
of air space between
Need to clamp them together
American Welding Society (AWS) Welding Handbook Committee, 2001,
Welding Science and Technology, Volume 1 of Welding Handbook, 9 th ed.
Miami: American Welding Society, Fig. 14.13, p. 468
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6 - 31
Stack Cutting
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6 - 32
Beam Cutter
The beam rail is positioned across the flanges.
BUG-O
6 - 33
Beam Cutter
Two permanent magnets lock and square rail
in position.
Variable speed power units used on both
horizontal and vertical drives
Squaring gauge enables operator to adjust tip
quickly from bevel to straight trim cuts
Weighs only 60 pounds so one operator setup
times is minimal
Clean, accurate cuts done in minimum time
6 - 34
American Welding Society, Welding Handbook, Vol. 2, 8 th ed., Fig. 14.25, p. 479
American Welding Society, Welding Handbook, Vol. 2, 8 th ed., Fig. 14.25, p. 479
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6 - 36
American Welding Society, Welding Handbook, Vol. 2, 8 th ed., Fig. 14.25, p. 479
6 - 37
6 - 38
6 - 39