BUZZER

A buzzer is an audio signaling device, which may be mechanical,

electromechanical, or piezoelectric. Typical uses of buzzers include alarm
devices, timers and confirmation of user input such as a keystroke.
Mechanical:
Bicycle bell is an example of a purely mechanical buzzer.
Electromechanical
An electromagnet is the main part of all types of electromechanical
buzzers. These may be either AC operated or DC operated. In AC buzzers,
the AC Mains voltage is applied to an electromagnet coil. The alternating
voltage induced in the coil generates a varying magnetic field in
accordance to the applied voltage, which in turn vibrates an iron plate to
produce the required audible buzzing sound.

In DC buzzers as used in vehicles, when a DC battery voltage is applied to

its electromagnet, it pulls an iron diaphragm. Due to this the
electromagnet is switched OFF, the diaphragm is released to its original
position when again the DC supply is restored to repeat the cycle. This
cycle repeats at a very high speed to generate the typical loud honk from
it.

Piezoelectric
Electronic buzzers mostly used a piezo electric transducer. They operate
at very low currents and produce high pitched, sharp beeping sounds. The

heart of the circuit of piezo electric buzzers is an electronic oscillator. The

alternating voltage produced by the oscillator is dumped into an inductor
which effectively converts these signals into high voltage pulses to drive
the piezo electric transducer and produce an audible sound.