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GT STRUDL User Guide
Telephone:
+1-404-8942260
FAX:
+1-404-8948014
E-Mail: casec@ce.gatech.edu
Preface
Revision History
Revision No.
Date Released
Description
N/A
8/96
10/97
6/99
1/05
12/06
4/09
- ii -
Preface
Notices
This GTSTRUDL User Guide: Design, Revision 5, is applicable to:
GTSTRUDL Version 30 and higher numbered versions for use on PCs under the Windows
Vista/XP/2000/NT operating systems. The GTSTRUDL computer program is proprietary to,
and a trade secret of, the Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A.
Disclaimer
The Georgia Tech Research Corporation (GTRC) and the Georgia Institute of Technology
make no representation or warranty expressed or implied as to the adequacy of this
documentation or the software described herein. In no event shall the Georgia Tech Research
Corporation, or the Georgia Institute of Technology, their employees, their contractors, or the
authors of this documentation be liable for special, direct, indirect, or consequential damages,
losses, costs, charges, claims, demands, or claim for lost profits, fees, or expenses of any
nature or kind.
GTSTRUDL is a registered service mark of the Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta,
Georgia, U.S.A.
Windows Vista , Windows XP , Windows 2000 , and Windows NT are registered trademarks of
Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.
- iii -
Preface
Forward
The development of GTSTRUDL began in September 1975 by the School of Civil
Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia U.S.A. Since then, over 385 manyears have been invested in the continuous research, development, maintenance, validation,
education, and technical support activities in connection with GTSTRUDL. Today, GTSTRUDL is
fully supported by the Computer Aided Structural Engineering Center ("CASE Center"), School of
Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia U.S.A., and
is licensed worldwide through the Georgia Tech Research Corporation.
The CASE Center is committed to continually improving its position of leadership in the
research and development of structural engineering analysis and design software, and to serving
as a technological pipeline through which results of research and development flow from Georgia
Tech to industry, government, and educational institutions in a form which sets the highest
standards of quality, performance, and value.
- iv -
Preface
Table of Contents
CHAPTER
PAGE
Revision History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Notices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DISCLAIMER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Restricted Rights Legend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Forward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ii
iii
iii
iii
iv
v
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1- 1
User Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Differences Between Steel and Reinforced Concrete Design Procedures in
GTSTRUDL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Format of the Descriptions of Commands in This Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Subset of GTSTRUDL Commands Ordered . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1- 1
1- 1
1- 2
1- 2
2- 1
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.10
2.11
2.12
2- 3
2- 7
2-13
2-18
2-22
2-29
2-34
2-41
2-45
2-51
2-58
2-60
2-61
2-62
2-63
2-64
-v-
Preface
2.13
2.14
2-65
2-66
2-68
2-71
2-71
2-75
2-87
2-89
2-90
2-91
2-97
3- 1
3.1
3.2
3.3
3- 3
3- 4
3- 5
3- 6
3- 7
3-12
3-21
3-25
3-27
3-30
3-31
3-33
3-39
3-43
3-45
3-48
3-50
3-51
3-69
3-72
3-74
3-77
3-79
3-81
3.4
3.5
- vi -
3-87
Preface
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10
3.11
3-91
3-92
3-93
3-93
3-100
3-102
3-103
3-105
3-106
3-107
3-109
APPENDICES
A
B
C
E
F
- vii -
A- 1
B- 1
C- 1
C- 3
C- 7
C- 8
C-10
C-11
C-13
D- 1
D- 2
D-10
D-12
D-15
D-17
D-20
E- 1
F- 1
F- 2
F- 8
F-14
F-15
F-19
Preface
F.4
F.5
F.6
INDEX
READER COMMENT FORM
- viii -
F-20
F-29
F-30
F-31
F-36
F-37
F-38
General
1.
Introduction
Introduction
User Documentation
This GTSTRUDL User Guide: Design manual is one of several documents which
constitute the full set of user documentation for GTSTRUDL and GTTABLE. Tables 1.1
and 1.2 contain a brief description of each document.
Table 1.1 describes User Guide documents which cover the following topics:
-
New features and other relevant information about each new version of
GTSTRUDL,
Table 1.2 describes additional "user reference manual" documents which constitute the
complete GTSTRUDL User Reference Manual and GTTABLE User Manual. These
eleven documents contain the complete and thorough description of all features of
GTSTRUDL and GTTABLE.
1-1
Introduction
General
Therefore, the engineer's use of GTSTRUDL and the commands used to control the
design process are different for steel and reinforced concrete member design. For
example, steel design uses commands like PARAMETERS, MEMBER
CONSTRAINTS, and SELECT to control the design process, while reinforced concrete
design uses comparable commands like DESIGN DATA, MEMBER SIMILARITIES, and
PROPORTION.
Simple form of a command: This section shows the vocabulary words and
syntax of the command. In most cases, only a simplified subset of the command
is shown in this Guide. Refer to the GTSTRUDL User Reference Manual for a
complete description of each command.
2.
3.
Example: One or more very simple examples of how the command may be
used are shown.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
1-2
General
Table 1.1
Introduction
Document
Brief Description
Installation and
Operations Guide
Release Guide
1-3
Introduction
Table 1.2
General
Document
Brief Description
Abstract of Commands
Volume 1
Volume 2A
Volume AISC13
Volume ASD9-E
Volume Unistrut
Volume IS800
Volume 2B
Volume 3
General
Introduction
Volume 4
Volume 5
Volume 7
Volume 8
Base Plate
1-5
Introduction
General
1-6
Steel Design
2.
Description
2.5
2.6
MEMBER CONSTRAINTS
SECTION
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.10
2.11
2.12
SELECT
TAKE
CHECK
SUMMARIZE
STEEL TAKEOFF
PRINT Commands for
Steel Design
2.13 GTTABLE: Displaying and
Creating Tables of Steel
Rolled Shapes
2.14 Steel Design Examples
2-1
Steel Design
2-2
Steel Design
2.1
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
2-3
Steel Design
2.
3.
Design rolled steel shapes. For each member to be designed, the lightest weight
steel rolled shape is selected from a specified TABLE of steel rolled shapes,
where such selected shapes satisfy both previously specified MEMBER
CONSTRAINTS and the requirements of previously specified design code
specifications. The SELECT command (Section 2.7) causes such design to
occur. GTSTRUDL includes several predefined tables of steel rolled shapes.
Additional tables may be created by using the GTTABLE computer program
(Section 2.13) which is included as part of GTSTRUDL software.
4.
5.
Steel Design
6.
Display results of design and code checking including the details of specific code
provision checks (e.g., allowable stresses, actual stresses, ratios of actual to
allowable code provisions, interaction equation values, etc.), and the results of
design and design smoothing (e.g., selected steel section sizes). Commands to
cause such information display include the SUMMARIZE command (Section
2.10), and additional options of the PRINT command (Section 2.12).
Table 2.1-1 summarizes the commands that are used in connection with the design of
steel rolled shapes, and which are described in the following Sections 2.2 to 2.14. The
GTSTRUDL User Reference Manual should be referred to for a description of
additional commands that may be used for the design of welded connections between
the end of certain steel shapes and base plates to which they are connected. In
addition, the details of specific design code provision checks performed by GTSTRUDL
steel design for each steel rolled shape, and for each design code specification, are
fully described in the GTSTRUDL User Reference Manual, Volumes 2A and 2B.
Examples of the use of GTSTRUDL for steel design are shown in Section 2.14, and in
the GTSTRUDL User Guide: Getting Started, Chapters 3, 4, and 5.
2-5
Table 2.1-1
Steel Design
Commands for Steel Rolled Shape Design, Code Checking, and Result Display
Command Name
Brief Description
PARAMETERS
COLUMN LINE
MEMBER CONSTRAINTS
SECTION
SELECT
TAKE
CHECK
SUMMARIZE DESIGN/
CODE CHECK results
2-6
Steel Design
2.2
PARAMETERS Command
PARAMETERS Command
PARAMETERS
p-name parameter-specs
C
C
C
p-name parameter-specs
command elements,
p-name =
v1 , v2
list
2-7
PARAMETERS Command
Steel Design
Example
PARAMETERS
CODE ASD9 ALL MEMBERS
TBLNAM WBEAM9 MEMBERS 1 TO 100, 200 TO 300 BY 5
TBLNAM WCOLUMN9 MEMBERS 'COLA-201' TO 'COLA-251' BY 2
STEELGRD A36 MEMBERS 1 TO 100, 200 TO 300 BY 5
STEELGRD A572-G50 MEMBERS 'COLA-201' TO 'COLA-251' BY 2
FRUNLCF 0.5 MEMBERS 1 TO 100, 200 TO 300 BY 5
Explanation
The PARAMETERS command is used to specify additional information that is required
by various steel design code specifications, but which information is not used in any
way by the analysis facilities of GTSTRUDL. Such additional information includes
information such as the controlling design code name, the grade of steel being used,
unbraced lengths, effective length factors, etc. The only required PARAMETER is
CODE.
Each specific steel design code has a set of applicable parameters that are used by
that code as described in the Appendices. Each parameter is associated with a
parameter value. Parameter values may be one of the following types:
1.
2.
Standard value:
In the case where a parameter value is not specified for an individual member,
joint, or loading condition, the specified value is assumed to be the standard
value of the parameter. In other words, the standard value is the value specified
for all members, joints, or loading conditions, and it becomes the default value
of the parameter.
2-8
Steel Design
3.
PARAMETERS Command
Individual value:
An individual value may be assigned to members, joints, or loading conditions.
When given, the individual value is used rather than the default value, the default
action, or any previously specified standard value.
2.
If a parameter name is not given, then either the default value is used, or a
default action is taken, as described in the Appendices for each available
parameter name not given in the PARAMETERS command.
3.
When the ALL option is specified (i.e., ALL MEMBERS, ALL JOINTS, or ALL
LOADS), the specified parameter value is taken as the "standard value" of the
parameter. Further, when the ALL option is specified for a parameter, all
previously specified individual parameter values are deleted for all members,
joints, or loading conditions as appropriate.
4.
When a "list" of member, joints or loading condition names is given, then the
individual parameter value preceding the list is assigned to each individual
member, joint, or loading condition named in the list.
5.
In the "ALL BUT" form of the PARAMETERS command, the value v1 is taken as
the new standard value, all previous individual values for the parameter are
deleted for all members, joints, or loading conditions, and a new individual
parameter value v2 is assigned to the member, joint, or loading condition names
in the list.
6.
Once specified, and unless deleted in the DELETIONS mode (see DELETIONS
mode below), only the most recent standard value, and the individual values
specified after the standard value is specified, are retained for each parameter.
CHANGES Mode
The PARAMETERS command operates the same in both the ADDITIONS and
CHANGES modes. That is, whenever a PARAMETERS command is given, the new
parameter value(s) replace previous parameter values. Recall again that when the ALL
option is specified for a parameter, all previous individual values of the parameter are
deleted for all members, joints, or loading conditions as appropriate.
2-9
PARAMETERS Command
Steel Design
DELETIONS Mode
In the DELETIONS mode, PARAMETERS may be returned to their standard values for
the specified joints, members, or loading conditions, or to their default values for ALL
joints, members, or loading conditions.
DELETIONS
PARAMETERS
p-name parameter-specs
C
C
p-name parameter-specs
ADDITIONS
command elements,
p-name
list
2 - 10
Steel Design
PARAMETERS Command
Extended Example
PARAMETERS
CODE ASD9 ALL MEMBERS
TBLNAM WBEAM9 MEMBERS 1 TO 50
TBLNAM WCOLUMN9 MEMBERS 101 TO 160
STEELGRD A36 MEMBERS 1 TO 50
STEELGRD A572-G50 MEMBERS 101 TO 160
C
C $ Other commands
C
PARAMETERS
TBLNAM TEES9 MEMBERS 1 TO 20
TBLNAM PIPES9 MEMBERS 149 TO 160
STEELGRD A588 MEMBERS 149 TO 160
C
C
C
The parameter values following the second PARAMETERS command are as follows:
Parameter
Name
Parameter
Value
CODE
ASD9
All members
TBLNAM
WBEAM9
Members 21 to 50
TEES9
Members 1 to 20
WCOLUMN9
PIPES9
A36
Members 1 to 50
A572-G50
A588
STEELGRD
2 - 11
PARAMETERS Command
Steel Design
DELETIONS
PARAMETERS
TBLNAM ALL MEMBERS
STEELGRD ALL MEMBERS
ADDITIONS
C
C
C
Parameter
Name
Parameter
Value
CODE
ASD9
All members
TBLNAM
WSHAPES9
All members
STEELGRD
A36
All Members
2 - 12
Steel Design
2.3
The value of the parameter COMPK must be set to YES in the PARAMETERS
command (Section 2.2) for those columns for which the effective length factors
are to be automatically computed.
2.
The COLUMN LINE command (Section 2.4) must be given in order to identify the
column members in the column line whose I/L properties will be included in the
calculation of the factors GA and GB as shown below.
3.
Any member SELECTED or CHECKED will have its effective length factors KY
and KZ computed if the member is included in a prior COLUMN LINE command,
and if its COMPK parameter is equal to YES
2 - 13
A.
Steel Design
B.
2 - 14
Steel Design
In the above two formulas, the symbols GA and GB are the ratios of column to girder
rotational stiffness measures I/L at the start and end of the column respectively as
defined in the AISC Manual of Steel Construction as follows:
It is important to note the following assumptions and modeling conditions which govern
the automatic computation of KY and KZ in GTSTRUDL:
1.
2.
SPACE TRUSS and PLANE TRUSS members are ignored during the automatic
computation of effective length factors.
3.
4.
When the far end of a girder, or other member restraining the column, is pinned
connected to a joint, the associated value of GA or GB is divided by 2.0 for
unbraced frames, and GA or GB is divided by 1.5 for braced frames.
5.
6.
If a girder has any MOMENT RELEASE (X, Y or Z) at the end of the girder
connected to the joint at the top or bottom of a column member for which
effective length factors are to be computed, the contribution of the I/L of such
girder to the GA or GB factor is ignored.
7.
2 - 15
Steel Design
b.
c.
The centroidal axis of the column member is not parallel to one of the
global axes, and either the end of the column connected to the support
joint has any MOMENT RELEASE (i.e., MOMENT X, Y, or Z), or the
support joint has any JOINT MOMENT RELEASE.
9.
10.
11.
When the centroidal axis of a column member is not parallel to one of the global
axes, girders framing into the column must be parallel to one of the global planes.
Beams that are not parallel to one of the global planes are ignored during the
effective length computation.
12.
Effective length factors are not computed for a column member which has no
girder members connected to either of the joints at the ends of the member.
13.
2 - 16
Steel Design
Extended example
The following shows example uses of the COLUMN LINE (Section 2.4) and
PARAMETER (Section 2.2) commands that must be used in order to have automatic
computation of column effective length factors, KY and KZ:
$
$
$
$
RESTORE 'DESIGN'
$ Define COLUMN LINES
COLUMN LINE 'COLLINE1' 'COL1' TO 'COL20'
COLUMN LINE 'COLLINE2' 'COL21' TO 'COL30'
COLUMN LINE 'COLLINE3' 'COL31' TO 'COL40'
$ Design PARAMETERS
PARAMETERS
CODE ASD9 ALL MEMBERS
STEELGRD A441 ALL MEMBERS
$ Compute K-Factors KY and KZ
COMPK YES MEMBERS 'COL1' TO 'COL40'
SDSWAYY YES MEMBERS 'COL1' TO 'COL40' $ Sidesway permitted
SDSWAYZ YES MEMBERS 'COL1' TO 'COL40' $ Sidesway permitted
$ Specify Design LOAD LIST.
LOAD LIST 'DESLOAD1' 'DESLOAD2'
$ Design the beams first since beam I/L ratios are used in the automatic
$ computation of column effective length factor computations.
SELECT MEMBERS 'BEAM1' TO 'BEAM100' AS BEAM
$ Design the columns next. Note that the effective length factors for
$ column members 'COL1' to 'COL40' will be automatically computed.
SELECT MEMBERS 'COL1' TO 'COL40' AS COLUMN
$ Save the current data base with the new member properties
SAVE 'DESIGN'
FINISH
2 - 17
2.4
Steel Design
C
C
C
command elements,
in, 'an'
list
Examples
COLUMN LINE 'A1' MEMBERS 1 TO 10
COLUMN LINE 'A2' MEMBERS 101 TO 120
COLUMN LINE 'GA-1' MEMBERS 'COL-31' TO 'COL-41' BY 2
2 - 18
Steel Design
Explanation
For those column members where the value of the COMPK parameter (Section 2.2) is
specified as YES, then an automatic computation of the KY and KZ effective length
factors is performed during a SELECT or CHECK command. The automatic
computation of effective length factors KY and KZ (Section 2.3) requires the use of (I/L)
ratios of column and girder members which are incident on the joints at each end of the
member for which effective length factors are being computed.
In order to compute the effective length factors, and in addition to the COMPK
parameter being specified as YES, it is necessary to identify the members which are
involved in the KY and KZ computations. In the ADDITIONS mode, the COLUMN LINE
command is used to identify the column members in the column line which are involved
in the KY and KZ computations. The column members identified must all lie in a
straight line (i.e., their centroidal axes must be colinear), and their positive local x-axis
directions must all be in the same direction. GTSTRUDL will then automatically identify
the girders involved in the computation of effective length factors as any member that
is incident on the joint at the top or bottom of the column member for which KY and KZ
is being computed.
CHANGES Mode
The COLUMN LINE command operates the same in both the ADDITIONS and
CHANGES modes. If changes are required in the definition of a column line, the
column line must be deleted in the DELETIONS mode, and then redefined in the
ADDITIONS mode.
DELETIONS Mode
In the DELETIONS mode, the column line definition is deleted. Note that no members
are deleted. Rather, only the column line definition is deleted.
DELETIONS
ADDITIONS
2 - 19
Steel Design
Extended Example
COLUMN LINE 'COL1' MEMBERS 1 2
COLUMN LINE 'COL2' MEMBERS 3 4 5
COLUMN LINE 'COL3' MEMBERS 6 TO 9
COLUMN LINE 'COL4' MEMBERS 10 TO 13
$
PARAMETERS
CODE ASD9 ALL MEMBERS
COMPK YES MEMBERS 1 TO 13
$
DELETIONS
COLUMN LINE 'COL2'
ADDITIONS
CHECK MEMBERS 1 TO 13 AS COLUMN
Figure 2.4-1 illustrates this example. Effective length factors will be computed for
column members 1, 2, and 6 to 13 during the processing of the CHECK command.
However, effective length factors will not be computed for members 3, 4 and 5.
For example, when computing KY and KZ for member 7, the (I/L) ratios of column
members 6, 7, and 8 will be used, and the (I/L) ratios of girder members 105, 106, 102,
and 103 will be used. Section 2.3 describes how the KY and KZ are computed using
the (I/L) ratios and based on the AISC Nomograph procedure.
2 - 20
Steel Design
2 - 21
2.5
Steel Design
MEMBER CONSTRAINTS
list1 constraint-specs
C
C
list1 constraint-specs
command elements,
EQ, LT, LE =
GT, GE, NE
'a1'
v1
'a2'
list1
list2
2 - 22
Steel Design
Example
UNITS INCH
MEMBER CONSTRAINTS
$ Constrain nominal depth of members 1 to 10 to equal 14.0 inches
1 TO 10 CONSTRAIN 'ND' EQ 14.0
$ Constrain the total depth parallel to local z-axis of members 75 to 97
$ to be less than the minimum distance between flanges in the local
$ y-axis direction of members 1 to 10
75 TO 97 CONSTRAIN 'ZD' LT MINIMUM 'INTYD' OF MEMBS 1 TO 10
Explanation
Member constraints are design restrictions placed on the cross-section properties of
steel rolled shapes that are selected in response to a subsequent SELECT command
(Section 2.7). In the ADDITIONS mode, the MEMBER CONSTRAINTS command is
used to specify such restrictions in terms of the cross-section properties of steel rolled
shapes. Such restrictions may be expressed in absolute terms such as maximum
and/or minimum values of properties, or expressed in relational terms where one
property of a group of members may be used to constrain a property of another group
of members. Any number of constraints may be specified for a member in the
ADDITIONS mode. Properties that may be constrained are described in Table 2.5-1.
It should be noted that no attempt is made to determine if the specified constraints are
mutually exclusive or not. If the specified constraints for any one member create a
condition under which a shape cannot be selected (such as if the depth of a member
is constrained to be greater than 30 inches, and less than 24 inches), then a warning
message will be displayed following the SELECT command indicating that no shape
is available that can satisfy the specified constraints.
2 - 23
Steel Design
Name
Meaning
AX
AY
AZ
BF/2TF
CW
D/TW
FLTK
Flange thickness
GRPNUM
ID
INTYD
IX
IY
IZ
LEG1
LEG2
ND
OD
RT
Radius of gyration for flange and 1/6 of web about plane of web
RY
RZ
SHAPE
SPACING
SY
SZ
2 - 24
Steel Design
Name
Meaning
THICK
Thickness of angle
WBTK
Web thickness
WEIGHT
YC
YD
YD/AFL
ZC
ZD
ZY
ZZ
2 - 25
Steel Design
Shape
Table
1.0
W, WF
1.1
1.2
HP
1.3
2.0
2.1
MC
3.0
Single Angle
4.0
WT
4.1
ST
4.2
HPT
*none*
4.3
MT
4.4
Double Angle
EQDBLANG
equal legs back-to-back
4.5
Double Angle
LLDBLAND
long legs back-to-back
4.6
Double Angle
SLDBLANG
short legs back-to-back
5.0
Round Bar
5.1
Pipe
6.0
Square Bar
BARS
6.1
Rectangular Bar
RBAR
6.2
Structural
Tubing
BARS
AISCPIPE, PIPES9
AISCTUBE, TUBES9
2 - 26
Steel Design
Absolute constraint:
An absolute constraint is specified by giving a numerical value (v) which is
used as the constraint value for property 'a1'. The cross-section property 'a1'
is then required to be equal to, less than, less than or equal to, greater than,
greater than or equal to, or not equal to, the constraint value v.
2.
Relational Constraint:
A relational constraint is specified by giving a cross-section property 'a2'
which is used as the constraint value for property 'a1'. The cross-section
property 'a1' is then required to be equal to, less than, less than or equal to,
greater than, greater than or equal to, or not equal to, the value of the
constraint property 'a2', or the maximum or minimum value of the constraint
property 'a2'. The constraint property 'a2' is taken from among the member
names listed in "list2".
CHANGES Mode
In the CHANGES mode, the MEMBER CONSTRAINTS command will cause all
previously specified constraints for the member names in "list1" to be deleted, and
the one specified constraint to be added. If additional constraints are also desired,
then additional MEMBER CONSTRAINTS commands must be given in the
ADDITIONS mode following the CHANGES mode.
DELETIONS Mode
DELETIONS
MEMBER CONSTRAINTS
list (CONSTRAINT 'a1')
C
C
C
list (CONSTRAINT 'a1')
2 - 27
Steel Design
When the CONSTRAIN 'a1' option is not given, then all previously specified
constraints are deleted for the member names given in the "list", or
2.
When the CONSTRAIN 'a1' option is given, then only previously specified
constraints associated with the property 'a1' are deleted for the member
names given in the "list".
Extended Example
UNITS CM
MEMBER CONSTRAINTS
$ Constrain members 1 to 10 to have depths less than or equal to 45 CM
$ and greater than 20 CM, and to have flange widths less than 27 CM.
$ These are absolute constraints.
1 TO 10 CONSTRAIN 'YD' LE 45.0
1 TO 10 CONSTRAIN 'YD' GT 20.0
1 TO 10 CONSTRAIN 'ZD' LE 27.0
$ Constrain the area of members 201 to 250 to be greater than or equal to
$ the maximum area of members 350 to 375. These are relational
$ constraints.
201 to 250 CONSTRAIN 'AX' GE 'AX' OF MEMBERS 350 TO 375
C $ Other commands
C
$ Replace all previous constraints for members 1 to 10 with the constraints
$ that their depths shall be less than the minimum depth of members 50 to
$ 55, and that their flange widths shall be less than or equal to 29 CM.
CHANGES
MEMBER CONSTRAINTS
1 TO 10 CONSTRAIN 'YD' LT MINIMUM 'YD' OF MEMB 50 TO 55
1 TO 10 CONSTRAIN 'ZD' LE 29.0
ADDITIONS
C
C $ Other commands
C
$ Delete all constraints for members 3, 7 and 9, and
$ only delete the 'YD' constraint for members 2 and 4.
DELETIONS
MEMBER CONSTRAINTS
379
2 4 CONSTRAINT 'YD'
ADDITIONS
2 - 28
Steel Design
2.6
SECTION Command
SECTION Command
command elements,
list
Examples
SECTION FR NS 5 0.0 .2 .5 .8 1.0
SECT FR NS 3 0.0 0.7 1.0 MEMBERS 10 TO 20
SECT FR DS 0.0 0.1 MEMBS 30 TO 40 BY 2 'ABC' 'G10' TO 'G15'
UNITS METERS
SECTION NS 3 1.7 3.25 5.75 MEMBS 25 'B-7'
Explanation
The SECTION command may be used to identify one or more sections (points) along
a member's local x axis. Section locations are subsequently used by the SELECT
command (Section 2.7) as the points at which internal member forces are to be
computed for the purpose of steel rolled section design. A maximum of 50 such
sections may be specified.
In the ADDITIONS mode, the SECTION command establishes the sections along a
member at which internal member results are computed. The SECTION command will
replace previously specified section values, if any.
2 - 29
SECTION Command
Steel Design
If the "MEMBER list" option is given, then the specified section locations are
associated with each specific member named in the "list". These are referred to
as "specific section locations".
2.
If the "MEMBER list" option is not given, then the specified section locations are
used for all active members for which specific section locations have not been
given in either a preceding or subsequent SECTION command where the
"MEMBER list" is given. These are called "general section locations". In other
words, if specific section locations have been given for a member, then these
section locations are used for that member. But, if specific section locations are
not given for a member, then the general section locations are used for that
member.
3.
If the "FRACTIONAL" option is given, then the location values v1, v2, ....., vi are
given as nondimensional decimal fractions of the member(s)'s length. If the
"FRACTIONAL" option is not given, then the location values are given as actual
distances in the currently active units (i.e., the length units given in the most
previous UNITS command).
4.
If the NS (i.e., Number of Sections) form is used, then the actual location
of each individual section must be specified where:
i
the total number of section locations (must not exceed 50), and
(b)
2 - 30
Steel Design
SECTION Command
v2
CHANGES Mode
The SECTION command operates the same in both the ADDITIONS and CHANGES
modes. If changes are required in a member's section locations, then the SECTION
command should be given again for the member. The new section locations will
replace the previous section locations.
DELETIONS Mode
Individual section locations may not be deleted. Rather, all specific section locations
must be deleted for one or more members that were named in a preceding SECTION
command where the "MEMBER list" option was given. The following form of the
SECTION command is used to delete all specific section locations for a member:
DELETIONS
SECTIONS MEMBERS list
where,
list
2 - 31
SECTION Command
Steel Design
Extended Example
The following example identifies various sections along the members in Figure 2.6-1
at which steel member selection will be performed:
STRUDL
C
C
C
C
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
2 - 32
Steel Design
SECTION Command
2 - 33
SELECT Command
2.7
Steel Design
SELECT Command
command elements,
list1
list2
n1
n2
= same as n1 except that the default value is 2 (i.e., start and end
locations along the members).
Example
LOAD LIST 1 11 TO 15
SECTION FRACT NS 5 0.0 0.333 0.65 0.80 1.0 MEMBERS 1 TO 11 BY 2
SELECT MEMBERS 1 TO 11 BY 2
SELECT MEMBERS 2 TO 12 BY 2 AS BEAM 11
SELECT MEMBERS 101 TO 110 AS COLUMN
2 - 34
Steel Design
SELECT Command
Explanation
The SELECT command causes the design of steel rolled shapes to occur. In the
context of steel design, "design" means the selection of the lightest weight steel rolled
shape from a specified table of steel rolled shapes.
Design is performed in accordance with all previously specified PARAMETER values,
with all previously specified MEMBER CONSTRAINTS, and with the provisions of a
design code specified by the SELECT command or a prior PARAMETER command.
In the following, the words "design" and "select" are used synonymously.
Member selection is based on the results of existing member force and moment
analysis results. The member analysis results upon which steel design is based must
be those that are stored in the GTSTRUDL data base as static analysis results (e.g.,
those created by prior STIFFNESS ANALYSIS, CREATE LOADING COMBINATION,
COMBINE, and CREATE PSEUDO STATIC LOADING commands).
The specific locations along a member where internal member forces and moments are
computed, and where design code checks are performed, may be specified in previous
SECTION (Section 2.6) commands, or by using the AS BEAM, AS COLUMN, or AS
TRUSS options of the SELECT command as described below. If not specified in either
the SECTION command or the AS option of the SELECT command, the default
locations are the same as the AS BEAM option (i.e., the start, middle, and end of the
member).
Several important points should be noted in connection with the influence that
PARAMETER values will have on the member selection process as follows:
a.
b.
c.
SELECT Command
Steel Design
subsequent SELECT and CHECK command to save the results of a very large
number of internal code check computations performed at each location along
each such member, and for each active loading condition.
All active and inactive members named in "list1", or implied by the ALL MEMBERS
option, will be selected. Any finite element names given will be ignored. It is important
to note that members will be selected in the order that their names appear in list1, or
according to the internal order of member names (GTSTRUDL User Guide: Analysis,
Section 12.2) if the ALL MEMBER or ALL MEMBER BUT options are given. The order
in which members are selected becomes important if relational member constraints
were specified in a prior MEMBER CONSTRAINTS command (Section 2.5). For
example, if a property of member 10 is constrained by a property of member 20, then
member 20 should be selected before member 10 is selected.
For each currently active static loading condition for which analysis results have been
computed or created, and at each specified or default location along each member
given in "list1" or implied by the ALL MEMBERS option, member selection will be
performed as follows:
a.
b.
The lightest weight steel rolled shape is selected from a specified table of steel
rolled shapes. Design is performed in accordance with all previously specified
PARAMETER values, with all previously specified MEMBER CONSTRAINTS,
and with the provisions of a design code specified by the SELECT command or
a prior PARAMETER command.
c.
As each new shape is selected for a member, the member's previous cross
section shape properties are replaced by the properties of the selected shape.
It should be noted that any subsequent analysis will use the latest member
properties.
d.
The SELECT command will cause certain results computed during the member
selection process, as well as other information, to be output. The type of
information that is output is controlled by the current value of the 'TRACE'
parameter. If no value of the 'TRACE' parameter was given in a prior
PARAMETER command, then the default value 4.0 is used for 'TRACE' which
causes the following information to be displayed following the SELECT command
and as shown in Figure 2.7-1:
(1)
(2)
(3)
Member name,
Design code pursuant to which code checking was performed,
Steel shape checked, and the name of the table to which the shape
belongs,
2 - 36
Steel Design
SELECT Command
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
The loading names, section locations along the members, and code
provision names associated with the two largest ratios of actual/allowable
code provision values,
The two largest ratios of actual/allowable code provision values,
The internal member section forces at the section location associated with
the largest ratio of actual/allowable code provision value,
The units of the TRACE output, and
The number of shapes checked against the requirements of the design
code provisions.
If a value of -99.0 is output as the value of a code provision, it may be due to one
of the following conditions:
(1)
A value of zero was previously specified for the yield strength parameter
'FYLD' or for the minimum tensile strength parameter 'FTS' (this will cause
the member code check to be terminated for this member),
(2)
An invalid value was previously specified for the steel grade parameter
STEELGRD. In this case, a value of zero will be set for the yield strength
parameter FYLD, or for the minimum tensile strength parameter FTS (this
will cause the member code check to be terminated for this member), or
(3)
2 - 37
SELECT Command
$
SELECT
MEMBERS
Steel Design
TO
***************************
* DESIGN TRACE OUTPUT *
***************************
MEMBER
PROFILE
LOADING
SECTION
PROVISION
ACTUAL/
SECTION FORCES
UNITS
CODE
TABLE
NAME
LOCATION
NAME
ALLOWABLE
FX/MT FY/MY
FZ/MZ
TRIALS
/---------------/------------------/-------------/------------------/------------------/-----------------/
1
ASD9
W21X62
WSHAPES9
5
4
120.000
120.000
H1-1 COM
H1-2 COM
0.98262
0.93078
-180.000 108.494
0.000 INCH KIP
0.000
0.000 -2181.938 12
2
ASD9
W21X68
WSHAPES9
5
5
0.000
120.000
H1-1 COM
H1-1 COM
0.90841
0.90176
-180.000 -97.550
0.000 INCH KIP
0.000
0.000 -2181.938 16
3
ASD9
W21X62
WSHAPES9
5
4
0.000
0.000
H1-1 COM
H1-2 COM
0.97569
0.93078
-180.000 -108.255
0.000 INCH KIP
0.000
0.000 -2153.318 12
****************************
* END OF TRACE OUTPUT
*
****************************
$
2 - 38
Steel Design
SELECT Command
The "AS" option: The AS option of the SELECT command provides a convenient
way of specifying section locations along a member. When specified, the locations
implied by the AS option take precedence over any location values given in a prior
SECTION command for the member. The AS option operates as follows:
AS BEAM: This option specifies 3 section locations (fractional distances of 0.0, 0.5,
and 1.0 of the member length) along the member at which internal section forces
(such as those computed by the LIST SECTION FORCES command) shall be
computed and the code checks performed.
AS COLUMN: This option specifies 2 section locations (fractional distances of 0.0
and 1.0 of the member length) along the member at which internal section forces
(such as those computed by the LIST SECTION FORCES command) shall be
computed and the code checks performed.
AS TRUSS: This option specifies 1 section location (fractional distance of 1.0 of the
member length) along the member at which internal section forces (such as those
computed by the LIST SECTION FORCES command) shall be computed and the
code checks performed.
AS BEAM n1, or AS COLUMN n2: This option specifies n1 or n2 equally spaced
section locations along the member (including the 0.0 and 1.0 locations) at which
internal section forces (such as those computed and output by the LIST SECTION
FORCES command) shall be computed and the code checks performed. If the
value of n1 or n2 is 1 or 2, then the forces acting on the start face, or start and end
faces, of the member (such as those output by a LIST FORCES command) are used
in the code checks (rather than the internal section forces acting at the 0.0 and 1.0
locations along the member). This only has significance when there is a
concentrated force or moment member load applied directly at the start or end of the
member. In this case, special attention should be given to the proper choice of
locations along the member at which code checks are to be performed.
The "USE CODE" Option: The USE CODE option of the SELECT command is an
alternate way of specifying the CODE parameter value codename, and it is used in
the same way as it is used if given in a PARAMETERS command (Section 2.2).
2 - 39
SELECT Command
Steel Design
Extended Example
STIFFNESS ANALYSIS
PARAMETERS
CODE ASD9 ALL MEMBERS
STEELGRD A36 ALL MEMBERS
TBLNAM WBEAM9 MEMBERS 1 TO 10
TBLNAM WCOLUMN9 MEMBERS 201 TO 250, 350 TO 375
FRUNLCF 0.5 MEMBERS 1 TO 10
KY 1.5 MEMBERS 201 TO 250, 350 TO 375
KZ 2.1 MEMBERS 201 TO 250, 350 TO 375
UNITS CM
MEMBER CONSTRAINTS
$ Constrain members 1 to 10 to have depths less than or equal to 45
$ CM and greater than 20 CM, and to have flange widths less than 27
$ CM.
1 TO 10 CONSTRAIN 'YD' LE 45.0
1 TO 10 CONSTRAIN 'YD' GT 20.0
1 TO 10 CONSTRAIN 'ZD' LE 27.0
$ Constrain the area of members 201 to 250 to be greater than or
$ equal to the maximum area of members 350 to 375.
201 to 250 CONSTRAIN 'AX' GE 'AX' OF MEMBERS 350 TO 375
C
C $ Other commands
C
LOAD LIST 1 11 TO 15
SECTION FRACT NS 5 0.0 0.2 0.6 0.75 1.0
SECTION FR NS 3 0.0 0.7 1.0 MEMBERS 350 TO 375
SELECT MEMBERS 1 TO 10
SELECT MEMBERS 350 TO 375
SELECT MEMBERS 201 TO 250 AS COLUMN
2 - 40
Steel Design
2.8
TAKE Command
TAKE Command
command elements,
list1
list2
'a'
the name of the steel cross-section dimension or property upon which the
modification criterion is based. These are the same as the dimensions and
properties which may be constrained (Section 2.5 and Table 2.5-1).
the name of the member whose properties become the properties of the
members named in list1.
member
Example
SELECT MEMBERS 1 TO 100 AS BEAM
SELECT MEMBERS 501 TO 700 AS COLUMN
$
TAKE MEMBERS 1 TO 21 AS LARGEST 'SZ' OF MEMBERS 1 TO 21
TAKE MEMBERS 151 TO 161 SAME AS MEMBER 51
TAKE MEMBERS 501 TO 511 AS LARGEST 'AX' OF MEMBS 501 TO 511
Explanation
In general, following a SELECT command (Section 2.7), most or all of the selected
members will be of different section sizes. However, from the point of view of
fabrication cost, connection detailing, ease of construction, and other factors, it may be
unacceptable when there are too many different section sizes. The TAKE command
permits the engineer to "smooth" (i.e., modify) the design created by a previous
member selection process in order to make it more feasible from a constructability/cost
point of view.
2 - 41
TAKE Command
Steel Design
It is useful to note that there are two other special commands that may be more
convenient to use than the TAKE command which are the DEFINE PHYSICAL
MEMBER and SMOOTH PHYSICAL MEMBERS commands as described in the
GTSTRUDL User Guide: Analysis, Section 4.25.
Now, when given, the TAKE command immediately performs the requested actions
according to one of three modification criteria as follows:
SAME AS memberi:
This form of the TAKE command changes the sizes of the members given in list1 to be
the same as the section size of memberi. All properties for the members named in list1
are updated in the GTSTRUDL Data Base.
Example:
TAKE MEMBERS 2 TO 10 SAME AS MEMBER 1
AS LARGEST 'a' OF MEMBERS list2:
This form of the TAKE command causes the properties of all members named in list1
to be changed to be the same as the one member named in list2 that has the largest
cross-section property 'a'.
Example:
TAKE MEMBERS 1 TO 20 AS LARGEST 'AX' OF MEMBERS 1 TO 20
AS SMALLEST 'a' OF MEMBERS list2:
This form of the TAKE command causes the properties of all members named in list1
to be changed to be the same as the one member named in list2 that has the smallest
cross-section property 'a'.
Example:
TAKE MEMBERS 101 TO 120 AS SMALLEST 'ZD' OF MEMBS 101 TO 120
Following the TAKE command, the engineer would normally iterate back to analysis by
specifying another STIFFNESS ANALYSIS command, followed by another CHECK
command. This CHECK command would then perform a code check based on the
current member sizes, and also based on the latest analysis results which are
associated with the current member sizes (the member sizes caused by the previous
SELECT and TAKE commands).
2 - 42
Steel Design
TAKE Command
Extended Example
STIFFNESS ANALYSIS
$
PARAMETERS
CODE ASD9 ALL MEMBERS
STEELGRD A36 ALL MEMBERS
TBLNAM WBEAM9 MEMBERS 1 TO 10
TBLNAM WCOLUMN9 MEMBERS 201 TO 250, 350 TO 375
FRUNLCF 0.5 MEMBERS 1 TO 10
KY 1.5 MEMBERS 201 TO 250, 350 TO 375
KZ 2.1 MEMBERS 201 TO 250, 350 TO 375
$
UNITS CM
MEMBER CONSTRAINTS
$
$ Constrain members 1 to 10 to have depths less than or equal to 45 CM
$ and greater than 20 CM, and to have flange widths less than 27 CM.
$
1 TO 10 CONSTRAIN 'YD' LE 45.0
1 TO 10 CONSTRAIN 'YD' GT 20.0
1 TO 10 CONSTRAIN 'ZD' LE 27.0
$
$ Constrain the area of members 201 to 250 to be greater than or equal to
$ the maximum area of members 350 to 375.
$
201 to 250 CONSTRAIN 'AX' GE 'AX' OF MEMBERS 350 TO 375
C
C $ Other commands
C
LOAD LIST 1 11 TO 15
SECTION FRACT NS 5 0.0 0.2 0.6 0.75 1.0
SECTION FR NS 3 0.0 0.7 1.0 MEMBERS 350 TO 375
$
SELECT MEMBERS 1 TO 10
SELECT MEMBERS 350 TO 375
SELECT MEMBERS 201 TO 250 AS COLUMNS
2 - 43
TAKE Command
Steel Design
2 - 44
Steel Design
2.9
CHECK Command
CHECK Command
command elements,
list1
list2
n1
n2
= same as n1 except that the default value is 2 (i.e., start and end locations
along the members).
'codename'
2 - 45
CHECK Command
Steel Design
Example
LOAD LIST 1 11 TO 15
SECTION FR NS 5 0.0 0.333 0.65 0.80 1.0 MEMBERS 1 TO 11 BY 2
CHECK CODE MEMBERS 1 TO 11 BY 2
CHECK CODE MEMBERS 2 TO 12 BY 2 AS BEAM 11
CHECK CODE AND CONSTRAINTS MEMBERS 101 TO 110 AS COLUMN
Explanation
The CHECK command causes an existing steel rolled shape to be checked against the
provisions of a specified design code specification and/or to be checked against a
previously specified set of member constraints. Only members whose properties are
defined as TABLE properties may be checked. A member with TABLE properties is
one which was specified in a previous MEMBER PROPERTIES command as a TABLE
shape, or one which was previously designed by a SELECT command.
Member code checks are based on the results of existing member force and moment
analysis results. The member analysis results upon which steel design is based must
be those that are stored in the GTSTRUDL data base as static analysis results (e.g.,
those created by prior STIFFNESS ANALYSIS, CREATE LOADING COMBINATION,
COMBINE, and CREATE PSEUDO STATIC LOADING commands).
Member constraint checks are based on member constraints specified in prior
MEMBER CONSTRAINTS commands.
The specific locations along a member where internal member forces and moments are
computed, and where design code checks are performed, may be specified in previous
SECTION (Section 2.6) commands, or by using the AS BEAM, AS COLUMN, or AS
TRUSS options of the CHECK command as described below. If not specified in either
the SECTION command or the AS option of the CHECK command, the default
locations are the same as the AS BEAM option (i.e., the start, middle, and end of the
member).
The most current PARAMETER values specified in previous PARAMETER commands
(Section 2.2) will be used during the member code checking process. The parameter
'CODE' is required and must be specified in a prior PARAMETER command, or
by using the "USE CODE" option of the CHECK command. Other important points
to note in regard to PARAMETER values are presented in Section 2.7.
All active and inactive members named in "list1", or implied by the ALL MEMBERS
option, will be checked. Any finite element names given will be ignored.
2 - 46
Steel Design
CHECK Command
For each currently active static loading condition for which analysis results have been
computed or created, and at each specified or default location along each member
given in "list1" or implied by the ALL MEMBERS option, member code checking will be
performed as follows:
1.
2.
Pursuant to existing parameter values and the current TABLE shape size of the
member, and depending on whether a code check, or constraint check, or both
checks, have been requested, the steel shape will be checked against all current
constraints given in prior MEMBER CONSTRAINTS commands, and it will be
checked against the design code provisions considered by GTSTRUDL (as
described in Volumes 2A and 2B of the GTSTRUDL User Reference Manual) for
the specific design code given in the most recent 'CODE' parameter of a prior
PARAMETERS command, or in the USE CODE option of the CHECK command.
3.
The CHECK command will not modify the properties of the members being
checked. It only checks conformance to design code and constraint
requirements, and outputs the results of such checks.
4.
The CHECK command will cause certain results computed during the member
selection process, as well as other information, to be output. The type of
information that is output is controlled by the current value of the TRACE
parameter. If no value of the TRACE parameter is given in any prior
PARAMETER command, then the default value 4.0 is used for TRACE which
causes information to be displayed following the CHECK command which is
similar to the information output by the SELECT command as shown in Figure
2.7-1:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
Member name,
Design code pursuant to which code checking was performed,
Steel shape checked, and the name of the table to which the shape
belongs,
The loading names, section locations along the members, and code
provision names associated with the two largest ratios of actual/allowable
code provision values,
The two largest ratios of actual/allowable code provision values,
The internal member section forces at the section location associated with
the largest ratio of actual/allowable code provision value, and
The units of the Trace output.
2 - 47
CHECK Command
Steel Design
It should be noted that if a member fails a code check, or fails a constraint check,
the failed member will be marked with double asterisks (**) preceding the
member name in the output following the CHECK command. In addition, at the
end of the output from the CHECK command, a summary of all member names
that failed the code or constraint checks is provided.
In addition, all member names that fail the code check are automatically
associated with a "Group Name" (GTSTRUDL User Guide, Analysis, Section
4.13). Default Group Names are 'FAILCK1', 'FAILCK2', ....., ........'FAILCK99'.
All such failed member names may subsequently be referred to by using the
Group Name to which all such names have been associated. For example,
following the first CHECK command, all failed members may be redesigned by
giving the following command:
SELECT MEMBERS GROUP 'FAILCK1'
It should also be noted that if a value of -99.0 is output as the value of a code
provision, it may be due to one of the following conditions:
a.
A value of zero was previously specified for the yield strength parameter
FYLD or for the minimum tensile strength parameter FTS (this will cause
the member code check to be terminated for this member),
b.
An invalid value was previously specified for the steel grade parameter
STEELGRD. In this case, a value of zero will be set for the yield strength
parameter FYLD, or for the minimum tensile strength parameter FTS (this
will cause the member code check to be terminated for this member), or
c.
The "AS" option: The AS option of the CHECK command provides a convenient way
of specifying section locations along a member. When specified, the locations implied
by the AS option take precedence over any location values given in a prior SECTION
command for the member. The AS option operates as follows:
1.
2 - 48
Steel Design
CHECK Command
2.
3.
4.
The "USE CODE" Option: The USE CODE option of the SELECT command is an
alternate way of specifying the CODE parameter value codename, and it is used in the
same way as it is used if given in a PARAMETERS command (Section 2.2).
Extended Example
STIFFNESS ANALYSIS
PARAMETERS
CODE ASD9 ALL MEMBERS
STEELGRD A36 ALL MEMBERS
TBLNAM WBEAM9 MEMBERS 1 TO 10
TBLNAM WCOLUMN9 MEMBERS 201 TO 250, 350 TO 375
FRUNLCF 0.5 MEMBERS 1 TO 10
KY 1.5 MEMBERS 201 TO 250, 350 TO 375
KZ 2.1 MEMBERS 201 TO 250, 350 TO 375
2 - 49
CHECK Command
Steel Design
UNITS CM
MEMBER CONSTRAINTS
$ Constrain members 1 to 10 to have depths less than or equal to 45
$ CM and greater than 20 CM, and to have flange widths less than 27
$ CM.
1 TO 10 CONSTRAIN 'YD' LE 45.0
1 TO 10 CONSTRAIN 'YD' GT 20.0
1 TO 10 CONSTRAIN 'ZD' LE 27.0
$ Constrain the area of members 201 to 250 to be greater than or
$ equal to the maximum area of members 350 to 375.
201 to 250 CONSTRAIN 'AX' GE 'AX' OF MEMBERS 350 TO 375
C
C $ Other commands
C
LOAD LIST 1 11 TO 15
SECTION FRACT NS 5 0.0 0.2 0.6 0.75 1.0
SECTION FR NS 3 0.0 0.7 1.0 MEMBERS 350 TO 375
SELECT MEMBERS 1 TO 10
SELECT MEMBERS 350 TO 375
SELECT MEMBERS 201 TO 250 AS COLUMN
$
LOAD LIST ALL
STIFFNESS ANALYSIS
LOAD LIST 1 11 TO 15
CHECK CODE MEMBERS 1 TO 10
CHECK CODE MEMBERS 350 TO 375
CHECK CODE MEMBERS 201 TO 250 AS COLUMN
$
2 - 50
Steel Design
2.10
SUMMARIZE Command
SUMMARIZE Command
command elements,
2 - 51
SUMMARIZE Command
Steel Design
command elements,
list1 =
i1 i2 i3...in
list2 =
Example
PARAMETERS
SUMMARY YES ALL MEMBERS
CHECK CODE ALL MEMBERS
SUMMARIZE CODE CHECK ALL MEMBERS
SUMMARIZE CODE CHECK MEMBERS 101 TO 121 BY 2 ALL POINTS
Explanation
The SUMMARIZE command allows the user to review the values of the provisions and
parameters used during a code check or selection of one or more members. Retention
of summary data (e.g., provision and parameter values) during the processing of a
SELECT or CHECK command will occur if the parameter SUMMARY has a value of
YES prior to the processing of the SELECT or CHECK commands. Summary data
output by the SUMMARIZE command are for the most recent SELECT or CHECK
during which the parameter SUMMARY had a value of YES for the members indicated
in the SUMMARIZE command.
Summary data are the provision and parameter values retained at each section along
a member, and for each currently active loading. For code provisions, the actual value,
allowable value and the ratio of actual to allowable are retained; for parameters, the
value used, either input, default, or computed, is retained.
Each code in GTSTRUDL has a "Summary Description" which identifies the provisions
and parameters used by that code. Section 2.12.5 describes the PRINT SUMMARY
DESCRIPTIONS command which can be used to review the "Summary Descriptions"
of the various GTSTRUDL steel design codes. Detailed descriptions of the provisions
and parameters of GTSTRUDL codes may be found in Section 7.2, Volume 2A, of the
GTSTRUDL User Reference Manual, and in the description of the applicable code (i.e.,
ASD9, TOWER2, etc). Parameter values are summarized in the Appendices of this
User Guide.
2 - 52
Steel Design
SUMMARIZE Command
Note that provisions with a value of -99.0 for the actual/allowable ratio in the summarize
output means that the member failed the code check due to one of the following special
reasons:
1.
A value of zero was specified for the yield strength, FYLD, or for the minimum
tensile strength, FTS.
2.
An invalid value was specified for the parameter STEELGRD. This causes a
value of zero to be computed for the yield strength, FYLD, or for the minimum
tensile strength, FTS.
3.
A negative or zero value was detected in the denominator of the combined stress
equation H1-1 of the AISC Ninth Edition code (GTSTRUDL's ASD9 code).
the actual to allowable ratios of provisions are computed, and the largest two are
retained for each loading at each section;
2.
the retained ratios are then compared for all loadings at each section, and the
two largest (i.e., controlling) at each section are determined;
3.
the controlling ratios at the sections are then compared, and the two most critical
ratios for the member and their locations are determined.
2 - 53
SUMMARIZE Command
Steel Design
****************************
* DESIGN SUMMARY DATA *
****************************
1)
2)
3)
4)
PROVISION VALUES ARE GIVEN IN CODE UNITS SHOWN BELOW, WHEN APPLICABLE
PARAMETER VALUES ARE GIVEN IN STANDARD UNITS, WHEN APPLICABLE
WHEN CRITICAL IS SPECIFIED ONLY ACTUAL/ALLOWABLE RATIOS ARE GIVEN FOR PROVISIONS
MEMBERS WHICH DO NOT SATISFY ALL RELEVANT CODE PROVISIONS ARE MARKED BY TWO
ASTERISKS (**)
5) WHEN CRITICAL IS SPECIFIED PARAMETERS GIVEN ARE FOR MOST CRITICAL LOCATION
MEMBER PROFILE
RATIO
LOCATION CRITICAL PROVISION
PARAMETER
PARAMETER
CODE
TABLE
SECTION LOADING
NAME
RATIO
NAME
VALUE NAME VALUE
/---------------/----------------/------------------------------/-------------------------------------/------------------------------/------------------/
1
ASD9
W14X43
0.00
WCOLUMN9 0.00
CODETOL
KY
0.000
1.000
FYLD 50000.000
KZ
1.000
****************************
* END OF SUMMARY DATA *
****************************
2 - 54
Steel Design
SUMMARIZE Command
CRITICAL SECTIONS ALL VALUES:
CRITICAL SECTIONS ALL VALUES option allows the inspection of all the
computed provisions actual, allowable, and actual-to-allowable ratio at the
critical section in a tabular form (Figure 2.10-2). After the provisions, all the
parameter values used at the critical sections are output. This option provides
a complete description of the code equations for the critical section.
ALL POINTS:
The ALL POINTS option is the most general and presents all provisions and
parameters used at every section and loading for the requested members.
Presented in a tabular form, this information is arranged by section, then
loading for each member. For each loading at a section, all provisions of a
code are presented with the actual, allowable and actual-to-allowable ratio
values computed for the provision. After the provisions, the parameter values
used at that section and loading are output. The actual number of provisions
and parameters will vary between codes, but the output generated tends to be
quite large. This option does provide a complete description of the code
equations used and can be readily compared to hand calculations to verify the
results.
SECTIONS/ALL SECTIONS:
The SECTIONS and ALL SECTIONS options allow the user to inspect
SELECTED or CHECKED members at particular sections and loadings. In this
manner, the detail of the ALL POINTS option, or the conciseness of the
CRITICAL SECTIONS option may be focused on points of interest. Particular
sections along a member are identified by integer numbers referring to the
section locations used during the SELECT or CHECK command which
produced the summary data. Each location identified in the SECTION
command (Section 2.6) is assigned a number, starting with the number 1,
based on the order in which they are specified in the SECTION command.
2 - 55
SUMMARIZE Command
Steel Design
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
PROVISION VALUES
PARAMETER VALUES
WHEN CRITICAL IS
MEMBERS WHICH DO
WHEN CRITICAL IS
======================================================
MEMBER 1
PROFILE W14X43
TABLE WCOLUMN9
CODE ASD9
UNITS INCH KIP
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SECTION NUMBER 1 DISTANCE FROM START OF MEMBER TO SECTION IS
0.0000 INCHES
**LOADING DESLOAD
-PROVISION-
**********************
-ALLOWABLE-
H1-1 COM
AXC TBEN
COMPACT
B5.1UNST
B5.1 B/T
F1-2
QS-COMP
C-E2-2
F1-6 C Z
F1.3 C Z
F4-1 Y
-ACTUAL-
1.000
1.000
1.000
13.435
9.192
85.930
1.000
1.000
30.000
30.000
20.000
0.921
0.638
12.000
7.500
7.500
120.000
1.000
51.886
19.139
19.139
2.400
-PARAMETER- -VALUE--PARAMETERFYLD
REDFTS
FRLZ
LX
UNLCFBF
50000.000
1.000
1.000
120.000
COMPUTE
-ACT./ALL.0.921
0.638
12.000
0.558
0.816
1.396
1.000
51.886
0.638
0.638
0.120
-VALUE- -PARAMETER-
KY
1.000
FTS
70000.000
LZ
120.000
COMPK
NO
CB
1.750
KZ
SLENCOMP
FLTORBUK
SDSWAYZ
CMZ
-PROVISIONH1-2 COM
C-H1-2 Z
B7 COMP
B5.1STIF
B5.1D/TA
QA-COMP
FE-FTEBS
E2-1
F1-8 C Z
F1-5 T Z
-ALLOWABLE1.000
1.000
200.000
35.780
36.540
1.000
1.000
21.778
30.000
30.000
-ACTUAL0.909
0.870
63.492
41.311
44.000
0.980
106.316
7.971
19.139
19.139
-ACT./ALL.
0.909
0.870
0.317
1.155
1.226
0.980
106.316
0.366
0.638
0.638
STEELGRD
FRLY
KX
FRUNLCF
REDE
A441
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
REDFYLD
LY
FRLX
UNLCF
-VALUE1.000
120.000
1.000
120.000
****************************
* END OF SUMMARY DATA *
****************************
Figure 2.10-2
2 - 56
Steel Design
SUMMARIZE Command
For example, in the SECTION command shown below, section number 1
would be at 0.5 of the member length, section number 2 would be at the start
of the member, and section number 3 would be at the end of the member.
SECTION FR NS 3 0.5 0.0 1.0
When one or more sections are identified with the SECTION or ALL SECTION
option, the user may request the loadings and amount of summary data
desired. The default load specification is CRITICAL LOADINGS. This load
option will output the largest and second largest actual/allowable ratio from
among all the loadings at each specified section. Also the output is for the
four parameter values for the critical loading at that section. The LOADINGS
and ALL LOADINGS options allow the user to request all provision and
parameter information at the specified sections for particular loadings.
Loadings named in "list2" must have been active during the SELECT or
CHECK command during which the summary data were recorded. Output
from the LOADING or ALL LOADING option follows the same format as the
ALL POINTS option but only for the identified sections and loadings.
Specifying "ALL SECTION ALL LOADINGS" option produces the same output
as the "ALL POINTS" option.
UNITS:
Unless otherwise specified, summary data is output in the standard units of
the design code for which the member was designed.
Certain summary data may be output in the current active units, but only for
those design codes for which the 'UNITS' parameter is allowed (Appendices
E to M). Such summary data includes the actual and allowable values of code
provisions, and the internal member forces and moments at the section under
consideration. In order to output such summary data in the current active
units for a member, the parameter 'UNITS' must be given a value of 'ACTIVE'
for the member.
It should be noted that parameter values are always output in the internal
units of GTSTRUDL (inches, pounds, radians, Fahrenheit, and seconds).
2 - 57
2.11
Steel Design
where,
Examples
STEEL TAKE OFF
STEEL TAKE OFF MEMBERS 1 TO 10
STEEL TAKE OFF ALL MEMBERS ITEMIZE
STEEL TAKE OFF ALL INACTIVE MEMBERS
STEEL TAKE OFF BY PROFILE NAMES
STEEL TAKE OFF ITEMIZE BY PROFILE NAMES
Explanation
The STEEL TAKE OFF command is used to compute the total weight and volume of
the specified members (finite elements are not included). The specified members may
be identified as a particular group of members with the 'active/inactive' option, or a
more selective group of members may be defined with the 'list' option. When no choice
is indicated in the command, ALL ACTIVE MEMBERS will be used as the default
option.
2 - 58
Steel Design
The STEEL TAKE OFF command outputs the total effective length (as discussed
below), weight, and volume of the specified members in the currently active units. The
STEEL TAKE OFF BY PROFILE NAMES command outputs the total length, volume,
and weight for each profile name (i.e., table shape name) and also the grand total
length, weight, and volume of the specified members.
The ITEMIZE BY MEMBERS option outputs the effective length, density, volume, and
weight of each individual member specified, and final total length, volume, and weight
in currently active units. The ITEMIZE BY PROFILE NAMES option outputs the same
data as above but it will be ordered based on the profile names (e.g., W12x58,
W14x61, W18x71). Members with the same profiles are output in a sequential order.
This option also outputs the total length, volume, and weight for each profile name and
the grand total length, weight, and volume of the specified members.
The effective length of a member will be computed in accordance with the following
rules:
(1)
For all cases not described below, the joint-to-joint length of the member will be
used. This is the usual case.
(2)
For members with eccentricities, the end-to-end length of the member will be
used.
(3)
(4)
For members with end joint sizes (GTSTRUDL User Reference Manual, Volume
1), the end joint sizes will be subtracted from the effective length which would
otherwise be used (note that DEAD LOADING includes end joint sizes).
The cross-section area (i.e., AX) member property for members referred to in a STEEL
TAKE OFF command must be given as either PRISMATIC, TABLE, or VARIABLE. The
densities need not be given prior to the STEEL TAKE OFF command. However, if not
given, GTSTRUDL uses a default value for DENSITY of 0.0.
If any finite elements are included in the specified list of members, a warning will be
printed once and the finite elements will be ignored. Only members are included in the
weight calculations of the STEEL TAKE OFF command.
2 - 59
2.12
Steel Design
2.12.2
2.12.3
2.12.4
2 - 60
Steel Design
command elements,
list1 =
list2 =
list3 =
Examples
PRINT PARAMETER VALUES ALL MEMBERS
PRINT PARAMETER VALUES LOADS 1 TO 7 BY 2
Explanation
The PRINT PARAMETER VALUES command is used to display (in a printed table
form) the current values of steel design PARAMETERS which have been previously
specified by the PARAMETERS command. PARAMETER values may be output for
all joints or members, or for specified joints or members. Note that steel design
PARAMETER values are output in the currently active units.
2 - 61
Steel Design
command element,
list =
Example
PRINT CONSTRAINT CONDITIONS MEMBERS 101 TO 201 BY 5
Explanation
The PRINT CONSTRAINT CONDITIONS command is used to display (in a printed
table form) the current values of steel design MEMBER CONSTRAINTS which have
been previously specified by a MEMBER CONSTRAINTS command. CONSTRAINT
values may be output for all members, or for specified members. Note that steel design
MEMBER CONSTRAINT values are output in the currently active units.
2 - 62
Steel Design
Explanation
The PRINT DESIGN DATA command is used to display all information displayed by the
previously described PRINT PARAMETER VALUES and PRINT CONSTRAINT
CONDITIONS Commands.
2 - 63
Steel Design
command element,
list =
Example
PRINT MEMBER PROPERTIES MEMBERS 201 TO 250
PRINT MEMBER PROPERTIES MEMBERS EXISTING 1001 TO 1100
Explanation
The PRINT MEMBER PROPERTIES command outputs the member properties given
by previous MEMBER PROPERTIES commands, or resulting from a previous steel
design SELECT or TAKE command.
2 - 64
GTTABLE
2.13
2.13.2
2.13.3
2.13.4
2.13.5
2 - 65
GTTABLE
FLIST i
command element,
i
Example
TABLE Job 1' 'This is a GTTABLE job'
FLIST 1
FLIST 2
Explanation
The FLIST 1 and FLIST 2 commands (GTSTRUDL User Guide: Analysis, Section 4.8)
may be used with both GTSTRUDL and GTTABLE, and they are used to output the
names of tables of steel rolled shapes, in addition to the names of other types of data
files, contained in two special data sets which are as follows:
1.
User Data Set: This data set (default name of USERDAT.DS) is a READ/WRITE
data set that is created by the user of GTSTRUDL, and which contains files used
by GTSTRUDL as follows:
a.
User defined tables of steel rolled shapes used by the analysis and steel
design features of GTSTRUDL. These user defined tables are created by
using the GTTABLE software provided with GTSTRUDL. Sections 2.13.2
and 2.13.3 provide a summary description of the use of GTTABLE to
create such user defined tables.
2 - 66
GTTABLE
The GTSTRUDL User Guide: Getting Started, describes how to make the
USERDAT.DS file a permanent file by using the "-udw" parameter on the DOS
"gtstrudl" or "gttable" command line.
2.
Prestored tables of steel rolled shapes used by the analysis and steel
design features of GTSTRUDL.
b.
c.
d.
Finite element dictionary containing the names and processing rules for all
finite element types used by GTSTRUDL.
e.
2 - 67
GTTABLE
user_table_name
Explanation
The GTTABLE program may be used to output the contents of tables of steel rolled
shapes. Such contents include the name of each steel rolled shape stored in the table,
the specific cross-section area property names (such as AX, AY, AZ, IX, IY, IZ, etc.),
the unit type associated with each such property (such as [length], [length]2, [length]4,
[weight/length], etc.), and the value of each such property.
The following four examples show several ways in which the contents of a table may
be output.
2 - 68
GTTABLE
Examples
1.
2.
3.
2 - 69
GTTABLE
2 - 70
GTTABLE
User created tables are stored in a special GTSTRUDL User Data Set. The
name of the User Data Set may be specified by the user. If not given, its default
name is "USERDAT.DS".
2.
Two types of member properties may be stored in the created tables as follows:
a.
b.
The following is an example of a GTTABLE batch job to create a user defined table:
2 - 71
GTTABLE
and where,
<Input File>
<Output File>
2 - 72
GTTABLE
b.
Examples:
a.
Set the <Input File>" name to NEWTABLE.DAT, and the <Output File>
name to NEWTABLE.OUT, and the <User Data File>" name to
NEWDATA.DS in a read/write mode (i.e., the Read Only option is not
checked).
GTTABLE will be initiated in a batch mode. The GTTABLE commands are
contained in a file called "NEWTABLE.DAT", while the file which will
contain all output is called "NEWTABLE.OUT". A new user data file called
"NEWDATA.DS" will be created and opened in a read/write mode. The
GTTABLE commands in the file "NEWTABLE.DAT" will create new tables
containing steel rolled shape cross-section area properties, and store
these new tables in the user data file "NEWDATA.DS". These new steel
rolled shape cross-section area properties may be referenced in a
subsequent GTSTRUDL interactive or batch execution by the analysis and
design features of GTSTRUDL.
2 - 73
GTTABLE
Set the <Input File>" name to OLDTABLE.DAT, and the <Output File>
name to OLDTABLE.OUT, and the <User Data File>" name to
NEWDATA.DS in the read-only mode (i.e., the Read Only option is
checked).
GTTABLE will be initiated in a batch mode. The GTTABLE commands are
contained in a file called "OLDTABLE.DAT", while the file which will contain
all output is called "OLDTABLE.OUT". An existing user data file called
"NEWDATA.DS" has been identified and will be opened in a read-only
mode. In the read-only mode, GTTABLE may output the contents of tables
in the file NEWDATA.DS, but cannot make any changes to such tables.
3.
The use of GTTABLE in a batch mode only involves the use of commands (i.e., there
are no menu picks during a batch execution).
2 - 74
GTTABLE
TUTORIAL:
The following tutorial demonstrates the use of GTTABLE to create a new table of steel
rolled shapes in a batch mode. The GTTABLE commands are located in a text file
called "NEWTABLE.DAT", and all output is written to a text file called
"NEWTABLE.OUT" in the user's directory.
The following text data file called "UNICOL.DAT" was edited to contain the GTTABLE
commands which describe the name of the table, the names of the steel rolled shapes
in the table, and the cross-section area properties for each steel rolled shape in the
table:
$ -------File: "UNICOL.DAT" -------------------------------------------------------$ ----->>> This file is available upon request
*TITLE 'BUILD
TABLE
$ Note:
BRITISH
GTSTRUDL'
2 - 75
GTTABLE
LENGTH
'YD
'BF/2TF
'RY
'U
'AY
'EZ
'ND
-1
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'ZD
'D/TW
'SZ
'X
'AZ
'YD/AFL
47.460
42.400
2.750
6.100
11.000 11580.000
0.843
5.460
225.910
435.307
0.000
0.145
35.600
45.560
41.850
3.100
6.890
10.900 9962.000
0.841
6.050
191.808
376.650
0.000
0.161
35.600
43.660
41.220
3.550
8.110
10.700 8383.000
0.839
6.860
156.303
318.768
0.000
0.183
35.600
2 - 76
'
'
'
'
'
'
'WBTK
'IZ
'SY
'CW
'YC
'RT
'
'
'
'
'
'
'FLTK
'IY
'ZZ
'IX
'ZC
'GRPNUM
'
'
'
'
'
'
4.760
274800.000
4629.000
38800000.000
23.730
11.789
7.700
98130.000
14240.000
13720.000
21.200
1.000
4.210
226900.000
3951.000
31100000.000
22.780
11.627
6.750
82670.000
12080.000
9240.000
20.925
1.000
3.580
183000.000
3291.000
24300000.000
21.830
11.450
5.800
67830.000
10000.000
5809.000
20.610
1.000
GTTABLE
'356X393'
'356X340'
'356X287'
'15215230'
'15215223'
3.930
29.020
17.100
4154.000
501.000
0.000
1.000
3.399
29.020
16.800
3544.000
433.000
0.000
1.000
2.871
29.020
16.500
2949.000
366.000
0.000
1.000
C
C
C
0.300
12.360
6.760
112.000
38.300
0.000
1.000
0.230
12.360
6.540
80.200
29.200
0.000
1.000
41.900
4.140
10.500
0.837
128.214
0.000
35.600
40.640
4.700
10.400
0.836
108.102
0.000
35.600
39.360
5.470
10.300
0.835
88.954
0.000
35.600
40.700
9.480
6998.000
7.860
266.992
0.209
3.060
146600.000
2721.000
18900000.000
20.950
11.297
4.920
55370.000
8222.000
3545.000
20.350
1.000
40.300
10.900
6031.000
8.850
230.516
0.235
2.660
122500.000
2325.000
15500000.000
20.320
11.183
4.290
46850.000
6999.000
2343.000
20.150
1.000
39.900
12.800
5075.000
10.200
194.180
0.270
2.260
99880.000
1939.000
12300000.000
19.680
11.068
3.650
38680.000
5812.000
1441.000
19.950
1.000
15.760
8.130
3.830
0.849
10.244
0.000
15.200
15.240
11.200
3.700
0.840
8.839
0.000
15.200
15.290
19.000
222.000
16.000
19.163
1.097
0.650
1748.000
73.300
30800.000
7.880
4.200
0.940
560.000
248.000
10.500
7.645
1.000
15.220
21.300
164.000
20.700
13.799
1.473
0.580
1250.000
52.600
21200.000
7.620
4.134
0.680
400.000
182.000
4.630
7.610
1.000
FILE TABLE
$
ORDER USER TABLE 'UNICOL' 'user-pw'
ORDER BY INCREASING 'AX'
ARRANGE 'SY' ON ORDERING 'AX' WITH ID 'AXSY'
ARRANGE 'SZ' ON ORDERING 'AX' WITH ID 'AXSZ'
ARRANGE 'ZY' ON ORDERING 'AX' WITH ID 'AXZY'
ARRANGE 'ZZ' ON ORDERING 'AX' WITH ID 'AXZZ'
FILE TABLE
$
OUTPUT USER TABLE 'UNICOL' FORMAT E ALL
$
$***********************************************
$**
**
$** The following commands can be used to
**
$** reorder the headings and data
**
$**
**
$***********************************************
$
PRINT HEADING 'AX
'IZ
'EY
'
'
'
'AY
'YC
'EZ
'
'
'
'AZ
'ZC
'SY
2 - 77
'
'
'
'IX
'YD
'SZ
'
'
'
'IY
'ZD
'ZY
'
'
'
GTTABLE
'ZZ
'WBTK
'U
'SHAPE
'
'
'
'
'RY
'INTYD
'X
'GRPNUM
'
'
'
'
'RZ
'BF/2TF
'CW
'
'
'
'RT
'D/TW
'ND
'
'
'
'FLTK
'YD/AFL
'WEIGHT
'
'
'
2 - 78
GTTABLE
2 - 79
GTTABLE
Excerpts from the File "UNICOL.OUT" Containing the Output Caused
by the Commands in File "UNICOL.DAT" Shown in the Tutorial on the
Batch Execution of GTSTRUDL
C
C
C
{
1} > *TITLE 'BUILD BRITISH COLUMN TABLE UNICOL FOR GTSTRUDL'
{
2} >
{
3} > TABLE 'Create the British table of column shapes called: "UNICOL" '
0 ************************************************************
*
*
*
GTTABLE
JAN 1984
84.01-30 *
*
GGGG
*
*
GGGGGG
*
* GG
GG
TTTTTT
AA
BBBBB
LL
EEEEEE
*
* GG
TTTTTT
AA
BBBBBB LL
EEEEEE
*
* GG TTTTTT
TT
AAAA
BB BB LL
EE
*
* GG TTTTTT
TT
AAAA
BBBBB
LL
EEEE
*
* GG
GTT
TT
AA AA
BB BB LL
EEEE
*
* GGGGGGTT
TT
AAAAAA
BB BB LL
EE
*
*
GGGG TT
TT
AAAAAAAA BBBBBB LLLLLL EEEEEE
*
*
TT
TT
AA
AA BBBBB
LLLLLL EEEEEE
*
*
TT
*
*
TT
OWNED BY AND PROPRIETARY TO THE *
*
GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY *
*
*
************************************************************
$$$ USERS OF GTTABLE PLEASE NOTE; FOR COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS
$$$ AND SAMPLE PROBLEMS TYPE "HELP"
{
{
{
{
****
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
4} >
5} > $ Note: user-pw = an optional user defined password
6} >
7} > DELETE USER TABLE 'UNICOL' 'user-pw' ALL
TABLE ERROR 2.3 - TABLE UNICOL
DOES NOT EXIST
8}
9}
10}
11}
12}
13}
14}
15}
16}
17}
18}
19}
20}
21}
22}
23}
24}
25}
26}
27}
28}
29}
30}
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
$
INITIATE USER TABLE 'UNICOL' 'user-pw'
$
UNITS CM KG
$
$
$***********************************************
$***********************************************
$**
**
$** The following headings and data are
**
$** ordered the same as published in the
**
$** following reference:
**
$**
**
$** Steelwork Design
**
$** Guide to BS 5950: Part I: 1990
**
$** Volume 1
**
$** Section Properties
**
$** Member Capacities (3rd Edition)
**
$**
**
$***********************************************
$***********************************************
$
$
2 - 80
GTTABLE
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
31}
32}
33}
34}
35}
36}
37}
38}
39}
40}
41}
42}
43}
44}
45}
46}
47}
48}
49}
50}
51}
52}
53}
54}
55}
56}
57}
58}
59}
60}
61}
62}
63}
64}
65}
66}
67}
68}
69}
70}
71}
72}
73}
74}
75}
76}
77}
78}
79}
80}
81}
82}
83}
84}
85}
86}
87}
88}
89}
90}
91}
92}
93}
94}
LENGTH
'YD
'BF/2TF
'RY
'U
'AY
'EZ
'ND
-1
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'ZD
'D/TW
'SZ
'X
'AZ
'YD/AFL
47.460
42.400
2.750
6.100
11.000 11580.000
0.843
5.460
225.910
435.307
0.000
0.145
35.600
45.560
41.850
3.100
6.890
10.900 9962.000
0.841
6.050
191.808
376.650
0.000
0.161
35.600
43.660
41.220
3.550
8.110
10.700 8383.000
0.839
6.860
156.303
318.768
0.000
0.183
35.600
'
'
'
'
'
'
'WBTK
'IZ
'SY
'CW
'YC
'RT
'
'
'
'
'
'
'FLTK
'IY
'ZZ
'IX
'ZC
'GRPNUM
'
'
'
'
'
'
4.760
274800.000
4629.000
38800000.000
23.730
11.789
7.700
98130.000
14240.000
13720.000
21.200
1.000
4.210
226900.000
3951.000
31100000.000
22.780
11.627
6.750
82670.000
12080.000
9240.000
20.925
1.000
3.580
183000.000
3291.000
24300000.000
21.830
11.450
5.800
67830.000
10000.000
5809.000
20.610
1.000
2 - 81
95}
96}
97}
98}
99}
100}
101}
102}
103}
104}
105}
106}
107}
108}
109}
110}
111}
112}
113}
114}
115}
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
277}
278}
279}
280}
281}
282}
283}
284}
285}
286}
287}
288}
289}
290}
291}
292}
293}
294}
295}
296}
297}
298}
299}
300}
GTTABLE
> '356X393'
3.930
41.900
40.700
>_
29.020
4.140
9.480
>_
17.100
10.500 6998.000
>_
4154.000
0.837
7.860
>_
501.000
128.214
266.992
>_
0.000
0.000
0.209
>_
1.000
35.600
> '356X340'
3.399
40.640
40.300
>_
29.020
4.700
10.900
>_
16.800
10.400 6031.000
>_
3544.000
0.836
8.850
>_
433.000
108.102
230.516
>_
0.000
0.000
0.235
>_
1.000
35.600
> '356X287'
2.871
39.360
39.900
>_
29.020
5.470
12.800
>_
16.500
10.300 5075.000
>_
2949.000
0.835
10.200
>_
366.000
88.954
194.180
>_
0.000
0.000
0.270
>_
1.000
35.600
C
C
C
> '15215230'
0.300
15.760
15.290
>_
12.360
8.130
19.000
>_
6.760
3.830
222.000
>_
112.000
0.849
16.000
>_
38.300
10.244
19.163
>_
0.000
0.000
1.097
>_
1.000
15.200
> '15215223'
0.230
15.240
15.220
>_
12.360
11.200
21.300
>_
6.540
3.700
164.000
>_
80.200
0.840
20.700
>_
29.200
8.839
13.799
>_
0.000
0.000
1.473
>_
1.000
15.200
> FILE TABLE
> $
> ORDER USER TABLE 'UNICOL' 'user-pw'
> ORDER BY INCREASING 'AX'
> ARRANGE 'SY' ON ORDERING 'AX' WITH ID
> ARRANGE 'SZ' ON ORDERING 'AX' WITH ID
> ARRANGE 'ZY' ON ORDERING 'AX' WITH ID
> ARRANGE 'ZZ' ON ORDERING 'AX' WITH ID
> FILE TABLE
> $
3.060
146600.000
2721.000
18900000.000
20.950
11.297
4.920
55370.000
8222.000
3545.000
20.350
1.000
2.660
122500.000
2325.000
15500000.000
20.320
11.183
4.290
46850.000
6999.000
2343.000
20.150
1.000
2.260
99880.000
1939.000
12300000.000
19.680
11.068
3.650
38680.000
5812.000
1441.000
19.950
1.000
0.650
1748.000
73.300
30800.000
7.880
4.200
0.940
560.000
248.000
10.500
7.645
1.000
0.580
1250.000
52.600
21200.000
7.620
4.134
0.680
400.000
182.000
4.630
7.610
1.000
'AXSY'
'AXSZ'
'AXZY'
'AXZZ'
2 - 82
GTTABLE
TABLE
356X634
356X551
356X467
KG
CM
CM
CM
CM
CM
1 CM
1
1
1
1
1
CM
CM
CM
CM
CM
CM
CM
CM
4
4
1
1
3
3
3
3
CM
CM
CM
CM
CM
CM
CM
CM
CM
CM
CM
6
4
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
-1
1
CM
-1
DATA
WEIGHT
D/TW
ZZ
AY
RT
0.633900E+01
0.610000E+01
0.142400E+05
0.225910E+03
0.117890E+02
0.551000E+01
0.689000E+01
0.120800E+05
0.191808E+03
0.116270E+02
0.467000E+01
0.811000E+01
0.100000E+05
0.156303E+03
0.114500E+02
YD
IZ
ZY
AZ
GRPNUM
0.474600E+02
0.274800E+06
0.710800E+04
0.435307E+03
0.100000E+01
0.455600E+02
0.226900E+06
0.605800E+04
0.376650E+03
0.100000E+01
0.436600E+02
0.183000E+06
0.503400E+04
0.318768E+03
0.100000E+01
ZD
IY
U
YC
SHAPE
0.424000E+02
0.981300E+05
0.843000E+00
0.237300E+02
0.100000E+01
0.418500E+02
0.826700E+05
0.841000E+00
0.227800E+02
0.100000E+01
0.412200E+02
0.678300E+05
0.839000E+00
0.218300E+02
0.100000E+01
WBTK
RZ
X
ZC
ND
0.476000E+01
0.184000E+02
0.546000E+01
0.212000E+02
0.356000E+02
0.421000E+01
0.180000E+02
0.605000E+01
0.209250E+02
0.356000E+02
0.358000E+01
0.175000E+02
0.686000E+01
0.206100E+02
0.356000E+02
2 - 83
FLTK
RY
CW
EY
INTYD
SZ
IX
EZ
BF/2TF
SY
AX
YD/AFL
0.770000E+01
0.110000E+02
0.388000E+08
0.000000E+00
0.290200E+02
0.115800E+05
0.137200E+05
0.000000E+00
0.275000E+01
0.462900E+04
0.808000E+03
0.145000E+00
0.675000E+01
0.109000E+02
0.311000E+08
0.000000E+00
0.290200E+02
0.996200E+04
0.924000E+04
0.000000E+00
0.310000E+01
0.395100E+04
0.702000E+03
0.161000E+00
0.580000E+01
0.107000E+02
0.243000E+08
0.000000E+00
0.290200E+02
0.838300E+04
0.580900E+04
0.000000E+00
0.355000E+01
0.329100E+04
0.595000E+03
0.183000E+00
15215230
15215223
0.393000E+01
0.948000E+01
0.822200E+04
0.128214E+03
0.112970E+02
C
C
C
0.300000E+00
0.190000E+02
0.248000E+03
0.102440E+02
0.420000E+01
0.230000E+00
0.213000E+02
0.182000E+03
0.883900E+01
0.413400E+01
GTTABLE
0.419000E+02
0.146600E+06
0.415400E+04
0.266992E+03
0.100000E+01
0.407000E+02
0.553700E+05
0.837000E+00
0.209500E+02
0.100000E+01
0.306000E+01
0.171000E+02
0.786000E+01
0.203500E+02
0.356000E+02
0.492000E+01
0.105000E+02
0.189000E+08
0.000000E+00
0.290200E+02
0.699800E+04
0.354500E+04
0.000000E+00
0.414000E+01
0.272100E+04
0.501000E+03
0.209000E+00
0.157600E+02
0.174800E+04
0.112000E+03
0.191630E+02
0.100000E+01
0.152400E+02
0.125000E+04
0.802000E+02
0.137990E+02
0.100000E+01
0.152900E+02
0.560000E+03
0.849000E+00
0.788000E+01
0.100000E+01
0.152200E+02
0.400000E+03
0.840000E+00
0.762000E+01
0.100000E+01
0.650000E+00
0.676000E+01
0.160000E+02
0.764500E+01
0.152000E+02
0.580000E+00
0.654000E+01
0.207000E+02
0.761000E+01
0.152000E+02
0.940000E+00
0.383000E+01
0.308000E+05
0.000000E+00
0.123600E+02
0.222000E+03
0.105000E+02
0.000000E+00
0.813000E+01
0.733000E+02
0.383000E+02
0.109700E+01
0.680000E+00
0.370000E+01
0.212000E+05
0.000000E+00
0.123600E+02
0.164000E+03
0.463000E+01
0.000000E+00
0.112000E+02
0.526000E+02
0.292000E+02
0.147300E+01
ORDERING
ITEMS
15215223
15215230
15215237
20320346
20320352
AXSY
ITEMS
15215223
15215230
15215237
20320346
20320352
AXSZ
ITEMS
15215223
15215230
15215237
20320346
20320352
AXZY
ITEMS
15215223
15215230
15215237
20320346
20320352
AX
--CM
2
0.2920000E+02
0.3830000E+02
0.4710000E+02
0.5870000E+02
0.6630000E+02
C
C
C
=SY
ARRANGED ON ORDERING AX
AXSY
--CM
3
0.5260000E+02
0.7330000E+02
0.9150000E+02
0.1520000E+03
0.1740000E+03
C
C
C
=SZ
ARRANGED ON ORDERING AX
AXSZ
--CM
3
0.1640000E+03
0.2220000E+03
0.2730000E+03
0.4500000E+03
0.5100000E+03
C
C
C
=ZY
ARRANGED ON ORDERING AX
AXZY
--CM
0.8020000E+02
0.1120000E+03
0.1400000E+03
0.2310000E+03
0.2640000E+03
C
C
2 - 84
GTTABLE
AXZZ
=ZZ
ITEMS
15215223
15215230
15215237
20320346
20320352
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
302}
303}
304}
305}
306}
307}
308}
309}
310}
311}
312}
313}
314}
315}
316}
317}
318}
319}
320}
AXZZ
--CM
0.1820000E+03
0.2480000E+03
0.3090000E+03
0.4970000E+03
0.5670000E+03
C
C
> $
> $***********************************************
> $**
**
> $** The following commands can be used to
**
> $** reorder the headings and data
**
> $**
**
> $***********************************************
> $
>
> PRINT HEADING >_
'AX
' 'AY
' 'AZ
'
>_
'IZ
' 'YC
' 'ZC
'
>_
'EY
' 'EZ
' 'SY
'
>_
'ZZ
' 'RY
' 'RZ
'
>_
'WBTK
' 'INTYD
' 'BF/2TF '
>_
'U
' 'X
' 'CW
'
>_
'SHAPE
' 'GRPNUM '
>
> PRINT ITEMS FROM '356X634' TO '15215223'
HEADINGS
AX
AY
AZ
IX
IY
IZ
YC
ZC
YD
ZD
EY
EZ
SY
SZ
ZY
ZZ
RY
RZ
RT
FLTK
WBTK
INTYD
BF/2TF
D/TW
YD/AFL
U
X
CW
ND
WEIGHT
SHAPE
GRPNUM
CM
CM
CM
CM
CM
CM
CM
CM
CM
CM
CM
CM
CM
CM
CM
CM
CM
CM
CM
CM
CM
CM
2
2
2
4
4
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
CM
-1
CM
CM
KG
6
1
1 CM
-1
2 - 85
'IX
'YD
'SZ
'RT
'D/TW
'ND
'
'
'
'
'
'
'IY
'ZD
'ZY
'FLTK
'YD/AFL
'WEIGHT
'
'
'
'
'
'
TABLE
GTTABLE
DATA
356X634
356X551
356X467
356X393
15215230
15215223
AX
ZC
ZY
INTYD
ND
0.808000E+03
0.212000E+02
0.710800E+04
0.290200E+02
0.356000E+02
0.702000E+03
0.209250E+02
0.605800E+04
0.290200E+02
0.356000E+02
0.595000E+03
0.206100E+02
0.503400E+04
0.290200E+02
0.356000E+02
0.501000E+03
0.203500E+02
0.415400E+04
0.290200E+02
0.356000E+02
C
C
C
0.383000E+02
0.764500E+01
0.112000E+03
0.123600E+02
0.152000E+02
0.292000E+02
0.761000E+01
0.802000E+02
0.123600E+02
0.152000E+02
AY
YD
ZZ
BF/2TF
WEIGHT
0.225910E+03
0.474600E+02
0.142400E+05
0.275000E+01
0.633900E+01
0.191808E+03
0.455600E+02
0.120800E+05
0.310000E+01
0.551000E+01
0.156303E+03
0.436600E+02
0.100000E+05
0.355000E+01
0.467000E+01
0.128214E+03
0.419000E+02
0.822200E+04
0.414000E+01
0.393000E+01
AZ
ZD
RY
D/TW
SHAPE
0.435307E+03
0.424000E+02
0.110000E+02
0.610000E+01
0.100000E+01
0.376650E+03
0.418500E+02
0.109000E+02
0.689000E+01
0.100000E+01
0.318768E+03
0.412200E+02
0.107000E+02
0.811000E+01
0.100000E+01
0.266992E+03
0.407000E+02
0.105000E+02
0.948000E+01
0.100000E+01
IX
EY
RZ
YD/AFL
GRPNUM
0.137200E+05
0.000000E+00
0.184000E+02
0.145000E+00
0.100000E+01
0.924000E+04
0.000000E+00
0.180000E+02
0.161000E+00
0.100000E+01
0.580900E+04
0.000000E+00
0.175000E+02
0.183000E+00
0.100000E+01
0.354500E+04
0.000000E+00
0.171000E+02
0.209000E+00
0.100000E+01
0.102440E+02
0.157600E+02
0.248000E+03
0.813000E+01
0.300000E+00
0.883900E+01
0.152400E+02
0.182000E+03
0.112000E+02
0.230000E+00
0.191630E+02
0.152900E+02
0.383000E+01
0.190000E+02
0.100000E+01
0.137990E+02
0.152200E+02
0.370000E+01
0.213000E+02
0.100000E+01
0.105000E+02
0.000000E+00
0.676000E+01
0.109700E+01
0.100000E+01
0.463000E+01
0.000000E+00
0.654000E+01
0.147300E+01
0.100000E+01
IY
EZ
RT
U
IZ
SY
FLTK
X
YC
SZ
WBTK
CW
0.981300E+05
0.000000E+00
0.117890E+02
0.843000E+00
0.274800E+06
0.462900E+04
0.770000E+01
0.546000E+01
0.237300E+02
0.115800E+05
0.476000E+01
0.388000E+08
0.826700E+05
0.000000E+00
0.116270E+02
0.841000E+00
0.226900E+06
0.395100E+04
0.675000E+01
0.605000E+01
0.227800E+02
0.996200E+04
0.421000E+01
0.311000E+08
0.678300E+05
0.000000E+00
0.114500E+02
0.839000E+00
0.183000E+06
0.329100E+04
0.580000E+01
0.686000E+01
0.218300E+02
0.838300E+04
0.358000E+01
0.243000E+08
0.553700E+05
0.000000E+00
0.112970E+02
0.837000E+00
0.146600E+06
0.272100E+04
0.492000E+01
0.786000E+01
0.209500E+02
0.699800E+04
0.306000E+01
0.189000E+08
0.560000E+03
0.000000E+00
0.420000E+01
0.849000E+00
0.174800E+04
0.733000E+02
0.940000E+00
0.160000E+02
0.788000E+01
0.222000E+03
0.650000E+00
0.308000E+05
0.400000E+03
0.000000E+00
0.413400E+01
0.840000E+00
0.125000E+04
0.526000E+02
0.680000E+00
0.207000E+02
0.762000E+01
0.164000E+03
0.580000E+00
0.212000E+05
{ 321} >
{ 322} > FINISH
BUILD BRITISH COLUMN TABLE UNICOL FOR GTSTRUDL
---------------------- RUN-TIME PERFORMANCE SUMMARY ----------------------CPU Time
00:00:00.08
Elapsed Time
0 00:00:01
On
2 - 86
GTTABLE
2 - 87
GTTABLE
2 - 88
GTTABLE
Assume that the user has created several new tables which are stored in the
"<User Data File>" (Sections 2.13.3 and 2.13.4).
2.
Tables of steel rolled shapes are referenced by using the "TABLE" option of the
"MEMBER PROPERTIES" command (GTSTRUDL User Guide: Analysis, Section
8.1).
3.
GTSTRUDL will first search the <user data file> for the name of the
referenced table, and the name of the referenced shape name. If found,
the properties of the referenced shape contained in the <user data file> will
be used.
b.
If the name of the referenced table, or the name of the referenced shape,
is not found in the <user data file>, GTSTRUDL will then search the
GTSTRUDL Subsystem data file that is supplied with GTSTRUDL. If
found, the properties of the referenced shape contained in the GTSTRUDL
Subsystem data file will be used.
c.
If the name of the referenced table, or the name of the referenced shape,
is not found in the GTSTRUDL Subsystem data file, GTSTRUDL will then
output an error message that the table name or shape name does not
exist.
2 - 89
2.14
Steel Design
Steel Design by the 1989 AISC ASD, Ninth Edition Steel Design Code (Example
1)
Steel Design by the 1993 AISC LRFD, Second Edition Steel Design Code
(Example 2)
2 - 90
Steel Design
Example Problem
Example 1
1989 AISC ASD Steel Design Example
Example 1 -
A plane frame structure example is shown in Figure 2.14-1. The GTSTRUDL commands
used to describe the structure, perform static analysis, perform design and code checks of
members by the 1989 AISC ASD, Ninth Edition, Steel Design Code, and output selective
results are shown in Table 2.14-1.
**************************************************************************************************
E=
29,000 ksi
(Steel)
Members
1, 2
3
4, 5
6, 7, 8
AX (in2)
50.
50.
55.
45.
IZ (in4)
5,000.
-----7,000.
10,000.
IY (in4)
-----2,000.
-----------
Figure 2.14-1 Example 1 - Steel Design by the 1989 AISC ASD Steel Design Code
2 - 91
Example 1
1989 AISC ASD Steel Design Example
Steel Design
Example Problem
Table 2.14-1 Example 1 - Steel Design by the 1989 AISC ASD Steel Design Code
STRUDL 'EX. 1' 'STEEL DESIGN (BY 1989 AISC ASD CODE) OF A PLANE FRAME STRUCTURE'
$
$ Comments are shown following the "$" character
$ Geometry: Specify joint coordinates
$
UNITS KIPS FT DEGREES
JOINT COORDINATES
100
2 18
3 33
4 0 12
5 18 12
6 33 12
7 0 24
8 18 24
$
$ Support joints and special boundary conditions
$
STATUS SUPPORT JOINTS 1 2 3
JOINT RELEASES
2 3 MOMENT Z $ Pinned supports
$
$ Member type, topology (member incidences), and end boundary conditions
$
TYPE PLANE FRAME
MEMBER INCIDENCES
114
225
336
447
558
645
756
878
MEMBER RELEASES
7 START MOMENT Z END MOMENT Z $ Simply connected beam
$ Material properties and member BETA angles
$
UNITS INCH
CONSTANTS
E 29000
BETA 90. MEMBER 3
UNITS POUNDS FT
CONSTANTS DENSITY 490
2 - 92
Steel Design
Example Problem
Table 2.14-1
Example 1
1989 AISC ASD Steel Design Example
Example 1 - Steel Design by the 1989 AISC ASD Steel Design Code
(Continued)
$ Member properties
$
UNITS KIPS IN
MEMBER PROPERTIES
1 2 AX 50 IZ 5000
3
AX 50 IY 2000
4 5 AX 55 IZ 7000
6 7 8 AX 45 IZ 10000
$
$ Independent loading conditions
$
$ Note that the SELF WEIGHT command could be used instead of this DEAD LOAD
$ command so that recomputation of member self weights would be automatically
$ performed during a STIFFNESS ANALYSIS.
DEAD LOAD 'DL' 'SELF WEIGHT OF FRAME MEMBERS' DIRECTION -Y ALL MEMBERS
LOADING 1 'GRAVITY LIVE LOADS'
UNITS FT
JOINT LOADS
6 7 8 FORCE Y -30
MEMBER LOADS
6 FORCE Y LINEAR WA -1.5 WB -3.0 LA 5. LB 12.
6 MOMENT Z CONC M -25 L 14
7 FORCE Y CONC P -6 L 5. / P -9 L 10.
8 FORCE Y UNIF W -2.8
8 FORCE Y CONC P -20 L 6
LOADING 2 'WIND LOADS'
JOINT LOADS
4 FORCE X 15.
7 8 FORCE X 9.
$
$ Dependent loading conditions (loading combinations)
$
LOADING COMBINATION 10 'ALL GRAVITY LOADS' SPECS 'DL' 1.0 1 1.0
LOADING COMBINATION 11 '(GL + WL)*0.75' SPECS 10 0.75 2 0.75
LOADING COMBINATION 12 '(GL - WL)*0.75' SPECS 10 0.75 2 -0.75
$ Output problem statistics
$
QUERY
$
$ Perform static analysis for all currently active independent loading conditions,
$
and form all currently active loading combinations for which loading SPECS
$
have been given.
$
STIFFNESS ANALYSIS
2 - 93
Example 1
1989 AISC ASD Steel Design Example
Table 2.14-1
Steel Design
Example Problem
Example 1 - Steel Design by the 1989 AISC ASD Steel Design Code
(Continued)
$
Specify design parameters
PARAMETERS
CODE ASD9 ALL MEMBERS $ Use 1989 AISC Allowable Stress Design Code
TBLNAM WBEAM9 MEMBERS 6 7 8 $ Select beams from table WBEAM9
TBLNAM WCOLUMN9 MEMBERS 1 TO 5 $ Select columns from table WCOLUMN9
STEELGRD A36 MEMBERS 6 TO 8 $ All beams
STEELGRD A441 MEMBERS 1 TO 5 $ All columns
FRUNLCF 0.5 MEM 6 8 $ Maximum unbraced length of compression flange
FRUNLCF 0.333 MEM 7
COMPK KZ MEM 1 2 4 5 $ Compute kz for columns 1, 2, 4, and 5
SDSWAYZ YES MEM 1 2 4 5 $ Column sidesway uninhibited in plane of the frame
SDSWAYY NO MEM 1 2 4 5 $ Column sidesway inhibited normal to plane of the frame
KZ 1.0 MEM 3 $ Specify kz as 1.0 for pinned-pinned column 3
KY 1.0 MEM 1 TO 5 $ Specify ky as 1.0 for all columns
$
$
Define column lines for automatic k-factor computation
$
COLUMN LINE 1 MEMBERS 1 4
COLUMN LINE 2 MEMBERS 2 5
$
$
Define member constraints which constrain all columns to be
$
selected only as W12 OR W14 shapes.
$
UNITS INCH
MEMBER CONSTRAINTS
1 TO 5 CONSTRAIN 'ND' LE 14.0
1 TO 5 CONSTRAIN 'ND' GE 12.0
$
UNITS FT
SECTION NS 4 0.0 7.0 14.0 18.0 MEMB 6
SECTION FRACT NS 4 0.0 .3333 .6667 1.0 MEMB 7
SECTION FRACT NS 4 0.0 0.3333 0.50 1.0 MEM 8
$
Activate design loading conditions
LOAD LIST 'DL' 10 11 12
$
Design Beams 6 7 8 for all ACTIVE loads
SELECT MEMBERS 6 7 8
2 - 94
Steel Design
Example Problem
Table 2.14-1
Example 1
1989 AISC ASD Steel Design Example
Example 1 - Steel Design by the 1989 AISC ASD Steel Design Code
(Continued)
$
Design Columns 1 to 5 for all ACTIVE loads
$
The kz effective length factor for each column designed will be computed based
$
on:
$
1. The current properties of the designed beams,
$
2. The current properties of the columns above and below the column being designed,
$
and
$
3. The properties of the current table steel shape being checked for code compliance
$
of the column currently being designed.
SELECT MEMBERS 1 TO 5 AS COLUMN $ Design based on start and end forces only
UNITS TONS
STEEL TAKEOFF
PRINT MEMBER PROPERTIES
$ Smooth the design
TAKE MEMBERS 1 4 AS LARGEST 'AX' OF MEMBERS 1 4
TAKE MEMBERS 2 5 AS LARGEST 'AX' OF MEMBERS 2 5
TAKE MEMBERS 6 8 AS LARGEST 'SZ' OF MEMBERS 6 8
STEEL TAKEOFF
PRINT MEMBER PROPERTIES
$
Recompute self weight of all members based on current members sizes
DELETIONS
LOADING 'DL'
ADDITIONS
DEAD LOAD 'DL' DIRECTION -Y ALL MEMBERS
$
Reanalyze the structure for all loading conditions
LOAD LIST ALL
STIFFNESS ANALYSIS
$ Output joint displacements in INCH units, and support reactions and member
$ end forces in KIPS and FT units, each ordered by loading condition
$ Note joint displacements and member end forces are output using 3-decimal
$ digits following the decimal point
OUTPUT DECIMAL 3
UNITS INCH
LIST DISPLACEMENTS
UNITS FT
LIST REACTIONS
LIST SUM REACTIONS
LIST FORCES
$
Output member end forces ordered by member
OUTPUT BY MEMBER
LIST FORCES
$
Output member section forces for all beams
LIST SECTION FORCES MEMBERS 6 7 8
2 - 95
Example 1
1989 AISC ASD Steel Design Example
Table 2.14-1
Steel Design
Example Problem
Example 1 - Steel Design by the 1989 AISC ASD Steel Design Code
(Continued)
$
Check code based on latest analysis results
LOAD LIST 'DL' 10 11 12
PARAMETERS
SUMMARY YES ALL MEMBERS $ Store code check results for all members checked
CHECK CODE MEMBERS 6 7 8
CHECK CODE MEMBERS 1 TO 5 AS COLUMN $ Check at start and end sections only
$
Save the current state of the data base for future processing
SAVE 'EX-1.SAV'
$ Terminate the GTSTRUDL session.
FINISH
2 - 96
Steel Design
Example Problem
Example 2
1993 AISC LRFD Steel Design Example
Example 2 -
A plane frame structure example is shown in Figure 2.14-2. The GTSTRUDL commands
used to describe the structure, perform static analysis, perform design and code checks of
members by the 1993 AISC LRFD, Second Edition, Steel Design Code, and output selected
results are shown in Table 2.14-2.
**************************************************************************************************
E=
29,000 ksi
(Steel)
Members
1, 2
3
4, 5
6, 7, 8
AX (in2)
50.
50.
55.
45.
IZ (in4)
5,000.
-----7,000.
10,000.
IY (in4)
-----2,000.
-----------
Figure 2.14-2 Example 2 - Steel Design by the 1993 AISC LRFD Steel Design Code
2 - 97
Example 2
1993 AISC LRFD Steel Design Example
Steel Design
Example Problem
Table 2.14-2 Example 2 - Steel Design by the 1993 AISC LRFD Steel Design Code
STRUDL 'EX. 2' 'STEEL DESIGN (BY 1993 AISC LRFD CODE) OF A PLANE FRAME STRUCTURE'
$
$ Comments are shown following the "$" character
$ Geometry: Specify joint coordinates
$
UNITS KIPS FT DEGREES
JOINT COORDINATES
100
2 18
3 33
4 0 12
5 18 12
6 33 12
7 0 24
8 18 24
$
$ Support joints and special boundary conditions
$
STATUS SUPPORT JOINTS 1 2 3
JOINT RELEASES
2 3 MOMENT Z $ Pinned supports
$
$ Member type, topology (member incidences), and end boundary conditions
$
TYPE PLANE FRAME
MEMBER INCIDENCES
114
225
336
447
558
645
756
878
MEMBER RELEASES
7 START MOMENT Z END MOMENT Z $ Simply connected beam
$ Material properties and member BETA angles
UNITS INCH
CONSTANTS
E 29000
BETA 90. MEMBER 3
UNITS POUNDS FT
CONSTANTS DENSITY 490
2 - 98
Steel Design
Example Problem
Example 2
1993 AISC LRFD Steel Design Example
Table 2.14-2 Example 2 - Steel Design by the 1993 AISC LRFD Steel Design Code
(Continued)
$ Member properties
UNITS KIPS INCH
MEMBER PROPERTIES
1 2 AX 50 IZ 5000
3
AX 50 IY 2000
4 5 AX 55 IZ 7000
6 7 8 AX 45 IZ 10000
$ Independent loading conditions
DEAD LOAD 'DL' 'SELF WEIGHT OF FRAME MEMBERS' DIRECTION -Y ALL MEMBERS
LOADING 1 'GRAVITY LIVE LOADS'
UNITS FT
JOINT LOADS
6 7 8 FORCE Y -30
MEMBER LOADS
6 FORCE Y LINEAR WA -1.5 WB -3.0 LA 5. LB 12.
6 MOMENT Z CONC M -25 L 14
7 FORCE Y CONC P -6 L 5. / P -9 L 10.
8 FORCE Y UNIF W -2.8
8 FORCE Y CONC P -20 L 6
LOADING 2 'WIND LOADS'
JOINT LOADS
4 FORCE X 15.
7 8 FORCE X 9.
$ Factored limit state loading conditions (analysis and design loads)
FORM LOAD 11 'FACTORED DL' FROM 'DL' 1.4
FORM LOAD 12 'FACTORED DL+LL' FROM 'DL' 1.2 1 1.6
FORM LOAD 13 'FACTORED DL+WL FROM LEFT' FROM 'DL' 1.2 2 0.8
FORM LOAD 14 'FACTORED DL+WL FROM RIGHT' FROM 'DL' 1.2 2 -0.8
FORM LOAD 15 'FACTORED DL+WL FROM LEFT' FROM 'DL' 0.9 2 1.3
FORM LOAD 16 'FACTORED DL+WL FROM RIGHT' FROM 'DL' 0.9 2 -1.3
FORM LOAD 17 'FACTORED DL+LL+WL FROM LEFT' FROM 'DL' 1.2 1 0.5 2 1.3
FORM LOAD 18 'FACTORED DL+LL+WL FROM RIGHT' FROM 'DL' 1.2 1 0.5 2 -1.3
$
Output problem statistics
QUERY
$ Perform nonlinear geometric static analysis for all currently active factored limit
$ state loading conditions.
$
NONLINEAR EFFECTS
GEOMETRY ALL MEMBERS
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF CYCLES 10
CONVERGENCE TOLERANCE EQUILIBRIUM 0.01
$
LOAD LIST 11 TO 18 $ Factored limit state loading conditions
NONLINEAR ANALYSIS
2 - 99
Example 2
1993 AISC LRFD Steel Design Example
Steel Design
Example Problem
Table 2.14-2 Example 2 - Steel Design by the 1993 AISC LRFD Steel Design Code
(Continued)
$
Specify design parameters
PARAMETERS
CODE LRFD2 ALL MEMBERS $ Use 1993 AISC LRFD, Second Edition code.
TBLNAM WBEAM9 MEMBERS 6 7 8 $ Select beams from table WBEAM9
TBLNAM WCOLUMN9 MEMBERS 1 TO 5 $ Select columns from table WCOLUMN9
STEELGRD A36 MEMBERS 6 TO 8 $ All beams
STEELGRD A441 MEMBERS 1 TO 5 $ All columns
FRUNLCF 0.5 MEM 6 8 $ Maximum unbraced length of compression flange
FRUNLCF 0.333 MEM 7
COMPK KZ MEM 1 2 4 5 $ Compute kz for columns 1, 2, 4, and 5
SDSWAYZ YES MEM 1 2 4 5 $ Column sidesway uninhibited in plane of the frame
SDSWAYY NO MEM 1 2 4 5 $ Column sidesway inhibited normal to plane of the frame
KZ 1.0 MEM 3 $ Specify kz as 1.0 for pinned-pinned column 3
KY 1.0 MEM 1 TO 5 $ Specify ky as 1.0 for all columns
$
$
Define column lines for automatic k-factor computation
$
COLUMN LINE 1 MEMBERS 1 4
COLUMN LINE 2 MEMBERS 2 5
$
$
Define member constraints which constrain all columns to be
$
selected only as W12 or W14 shapes.
UNITS INCH
MEMBER CONSTRAINTS
1 TO 5 CONSTRAIN 'ND' LE 14.0
1 TO 5 CONSTRAIN 'ND' GE 12.0
UNITS FT
SECTION NS 4 0.0 7.0 14.0 18.0 MEMB 6
SECTION FRACT NS 4 0.0 .3333 .6667 1.0 MEMB 7
SECTION FRACT NS 4 0.0 0.3333 0.50 1.0 MEM 8
$
Design Beams 6 7 8 for all ACTIVE limit state loads
SELECT MEMBERS 6 7 8 $ Design based on forces at specified section locations
$
Design Columns 1 to 5 for all ACTIVE limit state loads
SELECT MEMBERS 1 TO 5 AS COLUMN $ Design based on start and end forces only
UNITS TONS
STEEL TAKEOFF
PRINT MEMBER PROPERTIES
$ Smooth the design
TAKE MEMBERS 1 4 AS LARGEST 'AX' OF MEMBERS 1 4
TAKE MEMBERS 2 5 AS LARGEST 'AX' OF MEMBERS 2 5
TAKE MEMBERS 6 8 AS LARGEST 'SZ' OF MEMBERS 6 8
STEEL TAKEOFF
PRINT MEMBER PROPERTIES
2 - 100
Steel Design
Table 2.14-2 Example 2 - Steel Design by the 1993 AISC LRFD Steel Design Code
(Continued)
$
Recompute self weight of all members based on current members sizes
DELETIONS
LOADING 'DL'
ADDITIONS
DEAD LOAD 'DL' DIRECTION -Y ALL MEMBERS
$
Redefine all factored limit state loading conditions using new 'DL' loading
LOAD LIST ALL
DELETIONS; LOADS 11 TO 18; ADDITIONS
FORM LOAD 11 'FACTORED DL' FROM 'DL' 1.4
FORM LOAD 12 'FACTORED DL+LL' FROM 'DL' 1.2 1 1.6
FORM LOAD 13 'FACTORED DL+WL FROM LEFT' FROM 'DL' 1.2 2 0.8
FORM LOAD 14 'FACTORED DL+WL FROM RIGHT' FROM 'DL' 1.2 2 -0.8
FORM LOAD 15 'FACTORED DL+WL FROM LEFT' FROM 'DL' 0.9 2 1.3
FORM LOAD 16 'FACTORED DL+WL FROM RIGHT' FROM 'DL' 0.9 2 -1.3
FORM LOAD 17 'FACTORED DL+LL+WL FROM LEFT' FROM 'DL' 1.2 1 0.5 2 1.3
FORM LOAD 18 'FACTORED DL+LL+WL FROM RIGHT' FROM 'DL' 1.2 1 0.5 2 -1.3
$
Reanalyze the structure for all factored limit state loading conditions
LOAD LIST 11 TO 18
NONLINEAR ANALYSIS
$ Output joint displacements in INCH units, and support reactions and member
$ end forces in KIPS and FT units, each ordered by loading condition
$ Note joint displacements and member end forces are output using 3-decimal
$ digits following the decimal point
OUTPUT DECIMAL 3
UNITS INCH
LIST DISPLACEMENTS
UNITS FT
LIST REACTIONS
LIST SUM REACTIONS
LIST FORCES
$
Output member end forces ordered by member
OUTPUT BY MEMBER
LIST FORCES
$
Output member section forces for all beams
LIST SECTION FORCES MEMBERS 6 7 8
$
Check code based on latest analysis results
PARAMETERS
SUMMARY YES ALL MEMBERS $ Store code check results for all members checked
CHECK CODE MEMBERS 6 7 8
CHECK CODE MEMBERS 1 TO 5 AS COLUMN $ Check at start and end sections only
$
Save the current state of the data base for future processing
SAVE 'EX-2.SAV'
$ Terminate the GTSTRUDL session.
FINISH
2 - 101
Steel Design
2 - 102
3.
Introduction to Reinforced
Concrete Design
Reinforced Concrete Design
Concepts
General Reinforced Concrete
Design Commands
MATERIAL REINFORCED
CONCRETE
METHOD
CONSTANTS
MEMBER DIMENSIONS
(PRISMATIC)
MEMBER DIMENSIONS
VARIABLE
GIRDER
Orthogonal Buildings
Modeling Commands
GRID DEFINITION
GRID MEMBER
FLOOR
WALL
END OF DEFINITION
FACE OF SUPPORT
3.5
3.5.1
3.5.2
3.5.3
3.5.4
3.5.5
3.5.6
3.5.7
3.5.8
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.8.1
3.8.2
3.9
3.9.1
3.9.2
3.9.3
3.10
3.11
3-1
Proportioning Reinforced
Concrete Members
DESIGN DATA
SLAB SUPPORTS for
Two-Way Slabs
JOINT DETAILS for
Two-Way Slabs
MEMBER SIMILARITIES
SEGMENT for Two-Way Slabs
PROPORTION MEMBER
DETAIL
ANALYZE and DESIGN
PRINT REINFORCEMENT
QUANTITY TAKEOFF
Interpretation of RC Output
Beam Output
Column Output
PDELTA Analysis Commands
SLENDERNESS
PDELTA LOADING
PDELTA ANALYSIS
DESIGN LOAD
Reinforced Concrete Design
Example
3-2
3.1
3-3
3.2
Fundamental Principles
The analysis and design of reinforced concrete members in GTSTRUDL conforms to
assumptions, specifications, and design practices in the American Concrete Institute
Building (ACI) Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete, plus British Standards
(BS) Institution Code of Practice for the Structural Use of Concrete. The user will
cause a particular code to be active with the METHOD command. The basic principle
followed in the design of reinforced concrete members is the ultimate strength design
(USD) method. Use of load factors and load factor combinations may be accomplished
most easily by using the LOADING COMBINATION command. The various codes
specify different load factors for USD; the user selects the load factors to be used and
correctly applies them in the LOADING COMBINATION command.
The strength reduction factors, Phi, specified by the ACI Codes, and the partial safety
factor, (Lambda)m, specified by the BSI Code, are included automatically in the design
process.
3-4
3.3
Introduction
GTSTRUDL/RC general commands are those used in preparation for the proportioning
and/or checking of reinforced concrete structures. These commands fall into the
following two categories: (1) the commands which are used to initiate the reinforced
concrete capabilities in GTSTRUDL; and (2) the commands which are used to describe
the material, design, and geometric properties of reinforced concrete members.
The first category includes the MATERIAL command which is used to initialize the
GTSTRUDL/RC capabilities and the METHOD command which is used to select the
design or checking procedure.
The second category includes the CONSTANTS, MEMBER DIMENSIONS, and
GIRDER commands presented in this Chapter 3, plus the MEMBER ECCENTRICITIES
command which is presented in the GTSTRUDL Users Guide: Analysis.
3-5
3.3.1
Explanation
This command initializes the reinforced concrete capabilities and initializes the
standard values for the reinforced concrete material properties and design parameters.
3-6
3.3.2
METHOD Command
METHOD Command
Explanation:
The METHOD command is used to specify a design method, ACI or BSI code
specification, a table of steel reinforcing bar data and whether seismic or moderate
seismic design provisions should be considered.
All reinforcing bars are listed in Tables 3.3.2-1, 3.3.2-2, 3.3.2-3, and 3.3.2-4 are
assumed to be of the deformed type. Earthquake resistant design and detailing may
be accomplished according to ACI codes.
3-7
METHOD Command
Bar Size
Single Bars:
#3
.375
.11
#4
.500
.20
#5
.625
.31
#6
.750
.44
#7
.875
.60
#8
1.000
.79
#9
1.128
1.00
#10
1.270
1.27
#11
1.410
1.56
#14
1.693
2.25
#18
2.257
4.00
#3
.529
.22
#4
.714
.40
#5
.888
.62
#6
1.059
.88
#7
1.236
1.20
#8
1.418
1.58
#9
1.596
2. 00
#10
1.798
2.54
#11
1.993
3.12
#14
2.394
4.50
#18
3.192
8.00
METHOD Command
Bar Size
Single Bars:
#10
11.3
1.0
#15
16.0
2.0
#20
19.5
3.0
#25
25.2
5.0
#30
29.9
7.0
#35
35.7
10.0
#45
43.7
15.0
#55
56.4
25.0
#10
16.0
2.0
#15
22.6
4.0
#20
27.6
6.0
#25
35.7
10.0
#30
42.2
14.0
#35
50.5
20.0
#45
61.8
30.0
#55
79.8
50.0
METHOD Command
Bar Size
Single Bars:
#6
#8
#10
#12
#13
#14
#16
#18
#20
#22
#25
#28
#30
#32
#40
#50
#60
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
13.00
14.00
16.00
18.00
20.00
22.00
25.00
28.00
30.00
32.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
.28
.50
.79
1.13
1.33
1.54
2.01
2.54
3.14
3.80
4.91
6.16
7.07
8.04
12.56
19.63
28.27
8.44
11.28
14.18
16.96
18.38
19.80
22.62
25.43
28.28
31.11
35.36
39.61
42.43
45.25
56.66
70.70
84.85
.56
1.00
1.58
2.26
2.65
3.08
4.02
5.08
6.28
7.60
9.82
12.32
14.14
16.08
25.12
39.26
56.54
METHOD Command
Bar Size
#6
#10
#13
#16
#19
#22
#25
#29
#32
#35
#38
#41
#51
6.35
9.53
12.7
15.9
19.1
22.2
25.4
28.6
31.8
34.9
38.1
41.3
50.8
0.3167
0.7133
1.267
1.985
2.865
3.871
5.067
6.424
7.942
9.566
11.40
13.40
20.27
8.98
13.48
17.96
22.49
27.00
31.40
35.92
40.45
44.97
49.36
53.88
58.41
71.84
0.6344
1.427
2.53
3.97
5.73
7.74
10.13
12.85
15.88
19.13
22.80
26.80
40.54
3 - 11
CONSTANTS Command
3.3.3
CONSTANTS Command
CONSTANTS
C
constant descriptions
C
C
command elements,
constant descriptions =
list1, list2,...
3 - 12
CONSTANTS Command
Explanation:
Section 2.1.10.2, Volume 1 of the GTSTRUDL User Reference Manual describes how
material properties are specified in GTSTRUDL with the CONSTANTS command. In
GTSTRUDL/RC, the use of the CONSTANTS command is expanded to include the
specification of additional material and design properties which are required for
reinforced concrete design. Table 3.3.3-1 through 3.3.3-3 list these properties;
included are notations, the sections of the available codes which describe the
properties, and the default values of the properties which are assumed if the user does
not specify a value.
CONSTANTS values are specified in tabular form, i.e., one constant description per
line. The specification of a constant description on the same line with the word
"CONSTANTS" is optional. Any number of constant descriptions may refer to the same
material or design property; however, for duplicate constant descriptions, the last
applicable CONSTANTS value will be used.
There are three forms of input for CONSTANTS values. First, a value v1 may be given
alone, or optionally followed by "ALL MEMBERS," in which case the v1 is applied to all
members. When the v1 list1, v2 list2 ... form is given, then the values v1, v2, ... apply to
the members in list1, list2, ... respectively. Finally, the ALL BUT form is used when the
value v1 applies to most members, but values v2, v3, ... apply to the members in list2,
list3, ... respectively.
CONSTANTS values must be specified in the current active units. Often, FCP and FY
are the only CONSTANTS values which the user will need to set. The remaining
CONSTANTS assume the values shown.
3 - 13
CONSTANTS Command
Explanation
ACI 318-89
FCP
FY
WC
Assumed Value
4000 psi
9.4
60000 psi
145 pcf
(1)
DENSITY
FC
VU
(2)
11.5.6.8
A.3.1(b)
RFSP
9.5.2.3
150 pcf
A.3.1
(3)
0.45(FCP)
(5)
6.7
FYST
60000 psi
FYSP
60000 psi
FS
FSC
FV
A.3.2
(5)
Grades 40, 50
24000 psi for
Grade 60
PHIFL
0.90
PHISH
0.85
PHIBO
PHITO
0.85
PHISP
0.75
PHITI
0.70
BLFR
10.3.3
0.75
PMAXCO
10.9.1
0.08
PMINCO
10.9.1
0.01
PMINFL
10.5.1
200/FY
ES
8.5.2
29x106psi
EC
8.5.1
EU
10.2.3
9.3.2
3 - 14
0.85
33(WC)1.5
0.003
CONSTANTS Command
Notes:
1.
The constant 'DENSITY' is the GTSTRUDL constant of the same name which
has been set to a value of 150 pcf for reinforced concrete.
2.
3.
4.
5.
3 - 15
with
CONSTANTS Command
CONSTANT
Explanation
CP110-72
Assumed Value
FCU
3.1.4.2, Table 2
25 N/mm2
FY
3.1.4.3, Table 3
410 N/mm2
DC
2300 kg/m3
DENSITY
2380 kg/m3
VU
3.3.6.1
3.75 N/mm2
VC
3.3.6.1
0.35 N/mm2
VTMIN
3.3.7
0.33 N/mm2
VTU
3.3.7
3.75 N/mm2
FYL
410 N/mm2
FYV
250 N/mm2
GMC
GMS
PMAXFL
3.11.5
PMINFL
3.11.4.1
PMAXP
3.11.5
0.04
PMAXCO
3.11.5
0.06
PMINCO
3.11.4.1
0.01
PMAXWV
3.11.5
0.04
PMINWV
3.11.4.1
0.004
PMINWH
3.11.4.2
0.0025
ES
200 KN/mm2
2.4.2.4
26 KN/mm2
1.5
1.15
EC
EU
0.04
0.0015
0.0035
Note:
1.
The constant 'DENSITY' is the GTSTRUDL constant of the same name which has been
set to a value of 2380 kg/m3 for reinforced concrete.
3 - 16
CONSTANTS Command
Explanation
CP110-72
Assumed Value
FCU
3.1.7.21
25 N/mm2
FY
Table 3.1
460 N/mm2
DC
2300 kg/m3
DENSITY
2380 kg/m3
VU
VC
VTMIN
3.4.5.2
4.00 N/mm2
Table 3.9
0 .34 N/mm2
0.33 N/mm2
Max. ultimate torsional stress in any component rectangle including torsion reinforcement, vtu
4.00 N/mm2
Table 3.1
460 N/mm2
Table 3.1
250 N/mm2
GMC
Table 2.2
1.5
GMS
Table 2.2
1.15
GMV
Table 2.2
1.25
PMAXFL
3.12.6.1
0.04
PMINFL
Table 3.27
PMAXP
3.12.6.1
0.04
PMAXCO
3.12.6.2
0.06
PMINCO
Table 3.27
0.004
ES
VTU
FYL
FYV
0.0013
2.5.4
200 KN/mm2
25 KN/mm2
EC
EU
Figure 2.1
0.0035
Notes:
1.
2.
3 - 17
CONSTANTS Command
Regarding the specification of values for WC, FCP, and FCU, the user must be aware
of the following important conventions:
1.
Where WC is specified for ACI codes, the values for DENSITY, EC, E, and
RFSP, are automatically recomputed as follows: the DENSITY of reinforced
concrete is computed as WC plus an additional five pounds per cubic foot for
reinforcing steel; EC is computed according to the ACI code specified
relationship (Table 3.3.3-1); E, Young's Modulus for analysis, is set equal to EC;
and RFSP, if not directly specified by the user, is assigned a value according to
the following schedule:
Normal weight concrete, WC > 120 pcf:
RFSP
=
6.67 (ACI 318-63)
=
6.7 (ACI 318-77 through ACI 318-89)
Sand lightweight concrete, 110 pcf # WC # 120 pcf:
RFSP
=
.85 x (RFSP of normal weight concrete)
All lightweight concrete, 90 pcf # WC # 110 pcf:
RFSP
=
.75 x (RFSP for normal weight concrete)
Ultra lightweight concrete, WC # 90 pcf:
RFSP
=
.75 x (RFSP for normal weight concrete)
2.
When FCP is specified for ACI codes, the value for EC is automatically
recomputed (Table 3.3.3-1) and E is set equal to EC.
3.
When FCU is specified for BSI codes, new values for EC, VU, VTMIN, and
VTU are calculated. These constants are dependent on the value of FCU
and change automatically when FCU does. If the user wishes to specify a
value different from the value based on FCU, that particular constant must
be specified after FCU.
The formulae and code references used to calculate the values of EC, VU,
VTMIN, and VTU, along with a sample of the generated informational
message follow:
3 - 18
Constant
CONSTANTS Command
Formula
Reference
EC
20. + 0.2(FCU
VU
0.8
VTMIN
0.0067
VTU
0.8
# 5.0
# 0.4
# 5.0
Part 2, Section 7,
Equation 19
Part 1, Section 3.4.5.2
Part 2, Section 2.4.6,
Table 2.3
Part 2, Section 2.4.6,
Table 2.3
UNITS NEWTONS MM
CONSTANTS
FCU 35.
**** INFO_STBCN2 -- FCU HAS BEEN SPECIFIED. THE FOLLOWING CONSTANTS
ARE DEPENDENT ON FCU AND HAVE BEEN CHANGED TO
THESE VALUES (IN ACTIVE UNITS):
EC
= 27000.0
VU
= 4.7324
VTMIN = 0.3946
VTU
= 4.7324
The user is cautioned on the following three points:
1.
Values for EU should not be specified to be different from the assumed value of
.003 for ACI codes or .0035 for BSI code without a clear understanding of the
experimental derivation of this value and its influence on design and checking.
2.
Caution should be exercised when specifying a value for FY greater than 75 ksi
and a value for FYST greater than 60 ksi because of problems related to
concrete crushing failure, diagonal crack width control, and brittle failure of
reinforcement at sharp bend points.
3.
3 - 19
CONSTANTS Command
Examples:
Suppose we have a frame with 40 members:
UNITS INCHES POUNDS
CONSTANTS FCP 3500.0 ALL BUT 5000.0 MEMBERS 10 TO 20, 26 30, 33 TO 35
WC .0694 ALL BUT .0839 MEMBERS 10 TO 20, 26 30, 33 TO 35
RFSP 4.0 ALL BUT 6.0 MEMBERS 10 TO 20, 26 30, 33 TO 35
In this example all member constants have the assumed values indicated in Table
3.3.2.1, with the exception that values for FCP, WC, and RFSP are directly specified
as follows: for members 10 to 20, 26, 30, and 33 to 35, FCP = 5000.0 psi, WC = 145.0
pcf, and RFSP = 4.0, while for the remainder of the members, FCP = 3500.0 psi, WC
= 120.0 psf, and RFSP = 6.0. As a result of the specified values for FCP and WC, a
value of 4,074,281 psi is computed for EC and E for members 10 through 20, 26, and
33 through 35, while a value of 2,566,373 psi is computed for EC and E for the
remaining members. The value of RFSP for all members is unaffected by the specified
value of WC because RFSP is specified directly.
Modifications:
The CONSTANTS command functions as described above regardless of whether the
ADDITIONS mode, or CHANGES mode, or DELETIONS mode is active (see Section
2.1.3.3, GTSTRUDL User Reference Manual).
3 - 20
3.3.4
3 - 21
command elements:
list
v1, v2, ...., v7
Explanation
The MEMBER DIMENSIONS (PRISMATIC) command is used to specify the crosssection shape and dimensions of prismatic members with any of the various crosssection types illustrated in Figure 3.3.4-1. The prismatic member cross-section
properties are computed automatically.
These computed member properties are based on gross cross-section properties and
do not reflect concrete steel reinforcing, cracking, creep, or shrinkage. The following
section value data is necessary:
C
C
C
C
C
3 - 22
3 - 23
Use of orientation information simplifies BETA angle designation. The orientation data
specifies the relationship between the local y axis of the member and the global
coordinate system axes. The orientation method may be used only if the member itself
is parallel to a global axis. As an example, the XNEG designation means that the local
y axis of the member is in the opposite direction to the global X axis. If neither the
orientation nor the BETA angle is given for a member, then BETA=0 is assumed.
Members which are structural walls may have a rectangular or barbell shaped crosssection. If rectangular, the RECTANGLE with B and H dimensions may be used to
specify properties. If barbell shaped, MEMBER DIMENSIONS cannot be used at this
time to specify exact member properties. But after a barbell wall is proportioned, the
geometric properties are calculated exactly and are updated automatically.
Example:
UNITS MILLIMETER
MEMBER DIMENSION
1 TO 6 TEE BF 2000. BW 300. H 600. T 100.
'COL1' TO 'COL4' RECT B 400. H 400.
'COL5' CIRCLE B 450
3 - 24
3.3.5
segment numbers.
actual lengths of the segments i1 and i2.
Explanation:
The MEMBER DIMENSIONS VARIABLE command is a more general form of the
MEMBER DIMENSIONS command. However, the shape, section values, and
orientation data are treated identically for both forms. For a given member, all
SEGMENTS must have the same orientation; however, the shape data and section
values data may be different for each SEGMENT. Each SEGMENT must be specified
and must be consecutively numbered from the start of the member beginning with 1.
If two SEGMENTS are identical, then the "AND i2" portion of the command may be
used.
3 - 25
Example:
UNITS FEET
MEMBER DIMENSIONS VARIABLE
1 RECTANGULAR
SEGMENTS
1 AND 9 B 2. H 10.
L 1.5
SEG
2 AND 8 B 2. H 4.67 L 4.
SEG
3 AND 7 B 2. H 4.
L 4.
SEG
4 AND 6 B 2. H 3.33 L 4.
SEG
5
B 2. H 3
L 5.
3 - 26
3.3.6
GIRDER Command
GIRDER Command
.
.
.
command elements:
ij
'aj'
listj
3 - 27
GIRDER Command
Explanation:
For reinforced concrete design it is convenient to identify a structural element as a
girder. A girder is a collection of linear, contiguous members. In design a girder may
be considered a horizontal element spanning between two columns as shown in Figure
3.3.6-1. "Girders" may be used with the DESIGN DATA, PROPORTION, and DETAIL
commands.
Example:
GIRDER 'G1' MEMBER 1 TO 4 / 'G2' MEMBER 5 6
3 - 28
Figure 3.3.6-1
GIRDER Command
3 - 29
3.4
3 - 30
3.4.1
command elements:
spacing-specs
i1 AT s1, ( i2 AT s2 .... )
i1, i2, . . .
s1, s2, . . .
Explanation:
The members of an orthogonal building lie in planes, called grid planes, that are normal
to the global X, Y, and Z coordinate axes. The global Y axis is always the vertical axis,
positive in the direction opposite gravity. If used, the GRID DEFINITION command
must precede any other command that creates joints or members.
Example:
UNITS FEET
GRID DEFINITION Z 2 AT 20.0, 1 AT 22.0, 1 AT 20.0, Y 3 AT 11.5, X 2 AT 24.0
This example defines the grid shown in Figure 3.4.1-1. Grid planes X1, Y1, and Z1
each contain the origin of the global coordinate system.
3 - 31
Figure 3.4.1-1
3 - 32
3.4.2
3 - 33
i, j, k, m
integer identifiers for the grid planes which are defined by the line
space.
n1, n2,
n3, ...
integer identifiers for the grid planes which define the extent of the
members.
v1, v2,
v3, ...v7
w1
w2
w3
w4
3 - 34
w5, w6
starting (LA) and ending (LB) locations respectively of the uniform load
as either fractional (FR) or absolute distances from the start of the
member.
w7, w8
w9, w10
Explanation:
After the reference grid has been defined by the GRID DEFINITION command, the
GRID MEMBER command is used to specify the existence and location of members.
The member cross-section shape, cross-section dimensions, and any loads acting on
the members may also be specified by this command.
Line-Specs
The line specs are used to define those grid lines which represent the members of the
structure. A grid line is defined as the intersection of two non-parallel grid planes. For
example. "X 4 Z 3" defines a member which coincides with the grid line formed by the
intersection of the X4 grid plane with the Z3 grid plane (see Figure 3.4.2-1). The line
spec "Z 4 5 X 3 5 TO 7 9 " defines a group of 10 members as shown in Figure 3.4.2-2.
Bound-Specs
If no bound specs are given, then the members, including any dimensions and
loadings, are assumed to be defined over the full extent of the designated grid lines.
Each pair of numbers in the bound specs identifies two grid planes which act as the
boundaries between which the members extend.
3 - 35
Figure 3.4.2-1
3 - 36
Figure 3.4.2-2
3 - 37
Dimension-Specs
The dim specs are optional and are used to specify cross- section shapes and crosssection dimensions for the members that were defined by the line and bound specs.
The components of the dim specs are identical to those in the MEMBER DIMENSIONS
command. For T-beams and L-beams in a beam-and-slab building, it is sufficient to
specify the width B and the overall depth H (including the slab) of the rectangular web,
provided that the modifier WEB is added after RECTANGLE in the dim specs.
Appropriate TEE, RL, or LL sections will then be generated internally. Vertical
members (parallel to the global Y axis) are always assumed to be columns, and
therefore are never converted into such sections.
Load-Specs
There are three types of loadings that can be specified by the load specs: (1) self
weight (SW), (2) dead load (DL), and (3) live load (LL). The SW load is treated as an
additional component of DL (SW+DL). Force and moment data are stored in the data
base under two automatically generated, independent loading conditions defined as
'*DL' and '*LL', where the '*DL' loading condition is used to store the SW and DL data
while the '*LL' loading condition is used to store the LL data.
Example:
UNITS KIPS FT
GRID MEMBER X 1 TO 3 Y 2 TO 4
DIMENSIONS RECT B 1.0 H 2.0 SW LL FORCE Y UNIFORM -.100
GRID MEMBER Z 1 TO 5 Y 2 TO 4 DIMENSION TEE B .67 H 2.0 BF 2.0 T .5 SW
LOAD COMBINATION 1 'ULTIMATE LOADING' COMBINE '*DL' 1.4 '*LL' 1.7
These grid member commands produce beams in the x and z directions on each
"story" of the grid shown in Figure 3.4.1-1.
3 - 38
3.4.3
FLOOR Command
FLOOR Command
FLOOR ( Y ) list
command elements:
3 - 39
FLOOR Command
i, j,
i, j, k
n 1 , n2 ,
n 3 , n4
v1
v2
v3
value for dead load (DL) in units of force per unit area.
v4
value for the live load (LL) in units of force per unit area.
Explanation:
The FLOOR command is used to specify location, geometry, and loading data which
are used for the generation of floor systems in orthogonal buildings where:
List:
The list is used to designate the existence of floors by specifying the integer identifiers
of the grid planes which represent the floors.
Bound specs:
The horizontal extent of a floor is specified by the bound specs.
Dimension specs
The dimension specs give the thickness v1 of the floor slabs. For joist floors this should
be an "equivalent" thickness so that the self weight (SW) is computed accurately. The
FLOOR command results in the generation of rectangular, two-dimensional finite
elements of the 'PSRR' type for each floor panel.
Note that if an element type other than a PSRR type is desired, the ELEMENT
PROPERTIES command can be specified in the CHANGES command mode following
the GRID DEFINITION command.
3 - 40
FLOOR Command
Distribution specs
The manner in which the floor loads are transferred to supporting beams is designated
by specifying either the ONE WAY option, followed by either the X or Z modifiers, the
FLAT SLAB option or the TWO WAY option. For two-way systems, the loadings are
distributed to each supporting beam in a triangular or trapezoidal fashion in Figure
3.4.3-1.
The Flat Slab option indicates that the floor loads are to be carried by slab-beam strips
which will be later analyzed using an equivalent frame technique. Because slab-beams
are automatically generated for flat slab floor systems, the GRID MEMBER command
(Section 3.3) should not be used to specify the existence of these beams, or any other
marginal beams on the edges of flat slab floor panels.
Load specs
There are three types of loading conditions that may be defined by the load specs: (1)
the self weight (SW) load as indicated above, (2) the dead load (DL), and (3) the live
load (LL). For each supporting beam, the SW and DL loadings are stored under the
'*DL' loading condition as a system of uniformly distributed forces in the global Y
direction. In a similar manner the LL loading is stored under the '*LL' loading condition.
3 - 41
FLOOR Command
Figure 3.4.3-1
Tributary area of load distributed to each edge beam for TWO WAY
distribution
Example
FLOOR Y 4 BOUND X 1 3 Z 1 5 T 0.5 ONE WAY X SW
This command creates the "roof" slab for the grid shown in Figure 3.4.1-1.
3 - 42
3.4.4
WALL Command
WALL Command
command elements:
dimension-specs
T v1
element-type-specs
load-specs
i, j, k
n1, n2,
n3, n4
v1
wall thickness.
3 - 43
WALL Command
'a1'
mi
wi
Explanation
The WALL command is used to specify location, geometry, and loading data which are
needed for the generation of rectangular cladding, nonstructural, and/or structural wall
systems in orthogonal buildings.
The wind load pressures are converted into equivalent joint loads by distributing the
total load on each wall element to its four corner nodes. The wind load numbers, mi,
are converted into GTSTRUDL loading identifiers by the addition of the prefix '*WL/'.
For example, the wind loadings identified by 2 and 10 in a WALL command become
GTSTRUDL loading identifiers '*WL/2' and '*WL/10' respectively.
Example
UNIT FEET POUND
WALL Z 1 BOUND Y 1 2 X 1 3 T 0.0 WL 1 10.
This creates a non-structural wall on plane Z1 from the base (first story) to the second
story. The wall has no thickness (glass) but resists a wind force of 10 pound/ft2
perpendicular to it given as load '*WL/1'.
3 - 44
3.4.5
END OF DEFINITION
Explanation
The data specified by the GRID DEFINITION, GRID MEMBER, FLOOR, and WALL
commands are converted and stored in the data base with the END OF DEFINITION
command. This command results in the automatic generation and numbering of joints,
members (beams and columns), and finite elements for floor and wall panels. The
'*DL', '*LL' , '*TORDL', '*TORLL', and ' *WL/' loading conditions are defined.
Example:
UNITS FEET
GRID DEFINITION X 2 AT 10.0, Z 2 AT 10.0 Y 2 AT 10.0
GRID MEMBER Y 2 X 1 TO 3
$ MEMBERS 6, 7, 14, 15, 22, 23
GRID MEMBER Y 3 X 1 TO 3 BOUNDS 1 2 $ MEMBERS 8, 16, 24
GRID MEMBER Y 2 Z 1 TO 3
$ MEMBERS 25,26 29, 30, 33, 34
GRID MEMBER Y 3 Z 1 2
$ MEMBERS 27, 28, 31, 32
GRID MEMBER X 1 TO 3 Z 1 2
$ MEMBERS 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 10, 11
$
12,18, 19, 20
GRID MEMBER X 1 TO 3 Z 3 BOUND 1 2
$ MEMBERS 5, 13, 21
WALL Z 3 BOUNDS Y 1 2 X 1 3
$ ELEMENTS 35, 36
WALL X 3 BOUNDS Y 1 3 Z 1 2
FLOOR Y 2 BOUNDS Y 1 3 Z 1 3
FLOOR Y 3 BOUNDS X 1 3 Z 1 2
END OF DEFINITION
$ ELEMENTS 37, 38
$ ELEMENTS 39, 40, 41, 42
$ ELEMENTS 43, 44
The structure defined by the above commands, and the manner in which the joints,
members, and floor and wall elements are numbered, are illustrated in Figure 3.4.5-1.
3 - 45
3 - 46
3 - 47
3.4.6
command elements:
list
start-specs =
START ( v1 ) ( UNSUPPORTED ).
end specs =
v1
v2
Explanation:
The FACE OF SUPPORT command is provided in order to permit the user to define
the clear-span length of one-way solid and joist floor slabs. The clear-span length of
a one-way floor panel is computed as follows:
3 - 48
Lc
L - ( v1 + v2 )
where:
Lc
clear-span length
joint-to-joint length
The modifier UNSUPPORTED is used in place of v1 or v2 when the members in the list
are cantilevered.
3 - 49
3.5
Introduction
GTSTRUDL/RC incorporates a variety of capabilities which proportion cross section
dimensions and detail longitudinal and transverse reinforcement for beams, columns,
one-way solid slabs, one-way joist or ribbed slabs, two way flat plates and flat slabs,
monolithic beam-column joints, and structural walls.
The GTSTRUDL/RC design capabilities incorporate procedures which are based on
the USD method or limit state method according to the assumptions given in the active
code. Included is the use of an equivalent rectangular stress block to represent the
ultimate compressive stress in the concrete for ACI codes and a parabolic stress block
for the BSI code.
The DESIGN DATA command is used to specify values for basic design parameters
such as member type, desired bar size, and amount of concrete cover. The execution
of the beam, column, flat plate, flat slab, and structural wall proportioning/detailing
procedures is requested by the PROPORTION command.
For two-way slab design, the SEGMENT, SLAB SUPPORTS, and JOINT DETAILS
commands must be given prior to proportioning the floor members. For slender
columns, the series of PDELTA commands presented in Chapter 3.9 should be given
prior to proportioning the columns.
3 - 50
3.5.1
where the various specifications ("specs") are shown in Tables 3.5.1-1 through
3.5.1-8. Input data follows the header in tabular form.
command element:
list
3 - 51
Table 3.5.1-1
DESIGN DATA for Beams
Cover specs
Design Procedure
specs
Not Applicable
3 - 52
Table 3.5.1-2
DESIGN DATA for Columns
Member type
specs
Primary bar
specs
Secondary bar
specs
=
Cover specs
Design Procedure
specs
=
Not Applicable
3 - 53
Table 3.5.1-3
DESIGN DATA for Flat Plates and Flat Slabs
Member type
specs
Cover specs
Not Applicable
3 - 54
Table 3.5.1-4
DESIGN DATA for Flat Plates and Flat Slabs
Cover specs
3 - 55
Table 3.5.1-5
DESIGN DATA for Joists ( One-Way Ribbed Slabs )
Cover specs
3 - 56
The data elements in Tables 3.5.1-1 through 3.5.1-5 are described as follows:
i1, i2,
i3, i4 =
in
j1, j2,
=
j3
jy
vb,s
vc
vc,s
vcr
vds
vf
3 - 57
vh
vp
floor panel width for flat plates, flat slabs, one-way solid slabs, and oneway joists.
vpw
vr
strength reduction factor (< 1.0) for the consideration of long column
effects in column design.
vs
vsL
vst
vt
vy
vz
3 - 58
3 - 59
Table 3.5.1-6
DESIGN DATA for Structural Walls
Cover specs
3 - 60
where,
vez
vwbe
vdbe
i1
i2
i3
i4
3 - 61
vsw
vc
vtol
vf
ncap
3 - 62
Table 3.5.1-7
DESIGN DATA for Monolithic Beam-Column Joints
Secondary bar
spec
=
where,
j1, j2, j3
jn
jy
iz
vs
vh
3 - 63
Table 3.5.1-8
DESIGN DATA for Two-Way Solid Slabs
Cover specs
where,
i1, i2,
i3, i4 =
integers which denote the standard sizes of the primary reinforcing bar
sizes (see Tables 3.3.2-1 to 3.3.2-4),
vb,s
v1
v2
3 - 64
Explanation
The DESIGN DATA command is a preparatory command for the PROPORTION
command and the DETAIL command. The DESIGN DATA command is used to
specify data which fall into the following five categories: the member type (beam,
column, flat plate, flat slab, one-way solid slab, one-way joist slab, wall, joint, or twoway slab); the primary (longitudinal) and secondary (transverse) reinforcing type and
the design bar sizes; and a cover control parameter and the design procedure. If
GIRDERS is specified, then the given design data are used for each of the members
which comprise the girders.
For STRUCTURAL WALLS either a RECTANGULAR or BARBELL shaped wall may
be specified as illustrated in Figure 3.5.1-2. For either type, out-of-plane bending
(bending about the local y axis) may be specified with eccentricity factor EZF. The
value of EZF is multiplied by the width of the wall (or the web width for barbell), B, to
give an eccentricity in the local z direction. This eccentricity is multiplied by the axial
force to give the moment about the local y axis. If EZF is specified as zero, then only
in-plane bending is considered. If EZF is not specified, then the MY found from the
stiffness analysis is used for the out-of-plane bending force.
Member type specs
When BEAM member types are designated as having TEE or ELL cross-sections, the
flange thickness, T (vt), and the maximum permissible flange width, BFMAX (Vf), must
also be specified. During the design process for T-beams and L-beams, the dimension
for the flange width is proportioned as the smallest effective flange width from the value
for BFMAX, and the results of satisfying the span width and slab thickness provisions
of the active code.
COLUMN cross-section shapes can be specified as
RECTANGULAR, SQUARE, or CIRCULAR. Column slenderness effects are
considered by using the PDELTA analysis method which is described in Chapters 3.9
and 3.10. The FLAT PLATE members specified in the design data member list must
be the slab-beams generated from the FLOOR command data. The FLAT SLAB
member type is identical to the FLAT PLATE type except that drop panels are
considered in the design process. The ONE WAY SLAB type is designed as one-way
solid slabs. The JOIST type is designed as one-way ribbed slabs. The STRUCTURAL
WALL, often referred to as a shear wall, is assumed to have a vertical axis so that the
primary, compression flexural reinforcement is vertical and the shear-diagonal tension
reinforcement is horizontal. The TWO-WAY SLAB type designates those members
which are to be designed as solid slabs, supported on each edge by a beam.
Primary bar specs
For BEAM, FLAT PLATE, FLAT SLAB, ONE-WAY SLAB, and TWO-WAY SLAB
member types, two bar sizes (i1, i2) may be selected for TOP bars, and two bar sizes
(i3, i4) may be selected for BOTTOM bars. The design process calculates the required
3 - 65
area of reinforcement, and then selects the number of bars needed to satisfy the
required area. For COLUMN member up to three primary reinforcing bar sizes, may
be specified. During the COLUMN design process, a design is generated for each
specified bar size, and the chosen bar size is the one which results in the smallest steel
area.
For STRUCTURAL WALLS one size of primary vertical bars may be specified for the
boundary element and one size may be specified for the web.
Secondary bar specs
The secondary bar specs are used to specify the bar sizes and other related data for
STIRRUP, TIE, and SPIRAL secondary reinforcing. If design spacings are not
specified, then S1 is taken as the smallest required spacing, S2 is taken as twice S1,
and S3 is taken as four times S1. The distance between the face of support and the
first stirrup is taken as one-half the S1 spacing dimension. All stirrup spacings are
rounded down to the nearest inch, or nearest centimeter if metric units are active.
Design of STIRRUP spacings assumes that the STIRRUPS are of the two-leg Ushaped type unless SEISMIC or torsion forces require a closed type.
For COLUMN member types, if SEISMIC or MODERATE SEISMIC has been specified,
secondary reinforcement in columns may be multiple leg HOOPS.
For STRUCTURAL WALLS, HORIZONTAL reinforcement is regarded as secondary
reinforcement.
For BEAM-COLUMN JOINTS, the only reinforcement used is secondary reinforcement
in the form of multiple leg HOOPS or circular SPIRAL. The local coordinate system of
a joint is identical to that of the column below the joint. If NY and NZ are not given, they
are assumed to equal the number of bars on the "A" face and on the "B" face of the
column below the joint, respectively.
Cover specs
If a value for the COVER is not specified or STANDARD is specified, then a COVER
of 1.5 inches is assumed for BEAM, COLUMN, and WALL member types, while .75
inches is assumed for FLAT PLATE, FLAT SLAB, ONE WAY SLAB, TWO WAY SLAB
and JOIST member types.
Design Procedure Specs
Design procedure specs are applicable to the STRUCTURAL WALL member type,
only. The capacity of walls is determined by either of two methods. With a FIBER
model the cross-section is divided into approximately square fibers with side
dimensions given by the FIBER SIZE. In the strip model, the compression zone
generally is divided into forty strips. Strain compatibility analysis determines the
3 - 66
position of the neutral axis and the ultimate section capacity. For either model, one of
four concrete stress-strain relations may be chosen with CONCRETE STRESSSTRAIN.
Example
UNITS INCH
DESIGN DATA FOR MEMBER 6 7 8
TYPE BEAM ELL BFMAX 60. T 6.
BARS BEAM TOP 7 8 BOTTOM 6 7
STIRRUPS 3
COVER 1.5
This command provides data for beams 6, 7 and 8 shown in Figure 3.4.5-1 (Pg. 3-49).
Top bars will be selected as #7 or #8, bottom bars as #6 or #7, and stirrups as #3; with
a 1.5 inch cover between the stirrup and the outside of the beam.
3 - 67
Rectangular
Figure 3.5.1-2
3 - 68
3.5.2
v1
distance from the joint center to the effective edge of the column capital
or the column face, in the direction of the span, and at the start of the
slab-beam member or members named in the list.
v2
distance from the joint center to the effective edge of the column capital
or the column face, in the direction of the span, and at the end of the
slab-beam member or members named in the list.
v3
3 - 69
Explanation
The SLAB SUPPORT command is used to describe the slab-to-column conditions for
slab-beam members which are to be designed as flat plates or flat slabs. The data
specified in this command are required in order to determine the critical sections for
beam shear, punching shear, moment transfer shear, and negative bending moment
during the flat plate and flat slab design process. The SLAB SUPPORTS command
provides for the description of three different types of slab-to-column support conditions
(INTERIOR, EXTERIOR CASE 1, and EXTERIOR CASE 2) as illustrated in Figure
3.5.2-1.
Example
UNITS INCH
DESIGN DATA MEM 30
TYPE FLAT SLAB PW 240.
BARS BEAM TOP 5 BOTTOM 4
COVER 0.75
SLAB SUPPORT
30 START 10. SQUARE INT END 10. SQUARE EXT CASE 2
If member 30 in Figure 3.4.5-1 represents an equivalent slab-beam member supported
by 20 inch square columns, the slab support command illustrates the support
conditions at joints 13 and 21.
3 - 70
3 - 71
3.5.3
JOINT DETAILS
list DROP (PANEL) X v1 Z v2 (EX v3) (EZ v 4) (D v5)
command elements:
list
v1
the length of the drop panel edge which is parallel to the global X axis.
v2
the length of the drop panel edge which is parallel to the global Z axis.
v3
the eccentricity of the drop panel centroid from the joint center as
measured parallel to the global X axis.
v4
the eccentricity of the drop panel centroid from the joint center as
measured parallel to the global Z axis.
v5
Explanation
The JOINT DETAILS command describes the size and location of the drop panels for
the design of flat slabs. Figure 3.5.3-1 shows the plan and cross-section views of a
typical drop panel at a column support.
3 - 72
3 - 73
3.5.4
3 - 74
3 - 75
list, list1 (i = 1, 7)
member lists.
=
Explanation
The MEMBER SIMILARITIES command permits the user to define relationships such
as cross-section dimensions and reinforcing steel of one set of members to the same
characteristics of another set of members.
Example
MEMBER SIMILARITIES
MAKE H MEMBER 6 EQUAL H MEMBER 7
SIZE OF BARS END MEM 6 EQUAL START MEMBER 7
This command assures that when members 6 and 7 in Figure 3.4.5-1 are
PROPORTIONED, that 6 and 7 will have the same depth and that the negative moment
bars at the end of member 6 will be continuous with the negative moment bars at the
start of member 7, and be the same size.
3 - 76
3.5.5
command elements:
tolerance specs =
TOLERANCE (FRACTIONAL) v
Explanation
When designing the flat plates, flat slabs, and columns of a two-way slab and column
structure, the segmenting process must be executed in order to calculate design
forces. The SEGMENT command must be issued prior to the PROPORTION
MEMBER command in order to specify that segmenting shall be included in the flat
plate, flat slab, and column design procedures.
3 - 77
3 - 78
3.5.6
Elements:
list
B (vb)
3 - 79
H (vh)
the overall cross-section depth of rectangular beams, Tbeams, L-beams, flat plates, flat slabs, and columns, as
illustrated in Figure 3.3.4-1 (H is measured parallel to the
local y axis).
LW (vlw)
P (vp)
Explanation
The PROPORTION MEMBER command is used to request the actual design of
members and girders.
The STEEL DISTRIBUTION option is illustrated in Figure 3.8.2-1. The WITH DETAIL
option causes exact reinforcing bar cutoffs to be determined, and details shear and
torsion reinforcement.
Example
UNITS CENTIMETER
PROPORTION MEMBER 6 7 GIVEN B 20. H 40. WITH DETAIL
This command will proportion all longitudinal and transverse reinforcement for
members 6 and 7. The width of the web will be 20 cm., and the depth will be 40 cm.
The "With Detail" specifies that bar cut-off and stirrups are detailed.
3 - 80
3.5.7
DETAIL Command
DETAIL Command
cutoff specs =
3 - 81
DETAIL Command
command elements:
list
listn
v1,v2,v3
i1
v4
3 - 82
v5,v6,v7,v8
DETAIL Command
for top bars, the ratio of the distance from the START or END of
the member to the cutoff point, to the total member length (given
as a percent as shown in Figures 3.5.7-1 and 3.5.7-2).
i2
v9
v10,v11,v12,v13
for bottom bars, the ratio of the distance from the START or
END of the member to the cutoff point, to the total member
length (given as a percent).
vh
Explanation
The DETAIL command is used for beams to determine cutoff points and bar lengths for
flexural reinforcement, to design spacing requirements for stirrups based on shear or
combined shear and torsion, and to calculate an area of longitudinal reinforcement
required for torsion. DETAIL is used to design beam-column joint reinforcement for
joints specified in the JOINTS list.
The STANDARD CUTOFF option gives the user control over where flexural
reinforcement should be cut off, otherwise the code-based exact cutoff points are
calculated. The CONTINUOUS MEMBERS list option permits the user to detail
reinforced concrete members in a manner more closely resembling common practice.
Beam members which lie in a special sequence may be recognized as continuous by
specifying those members in a CONTINUOUS MEMBERS list. Several continuous
sequences may be specified. Each sequence is listed; each list is separated by a slash
(/).
If the MEMBER ECCENTRICITIES command has been used to specify the size of the
beam-column joint, the length of top bars is the distance from the face of support to the
cutoff point plus the member eccentricity. For continuous bottom bars, the length of
each bar is the member clear span length plus the start and end eccentricity distance.
The stirrup spacing design automatically considers combined shear and torsion forces
if the applied torsion is greater than that specified in ACI 318. The total required area
of longitudinal reinforcement for torsion (Al) is computed at critical sections along the
length of the member; yet individual longitudinal torsion reinforcement is not detailed.
3 - 83
DETAIL Command
Where SEISMIC design has been specified, a special analysis feature is enacted which
determines the "moments corresponding to probable strength" at the start and end of
the member. With those applied plastic moments the member is loaded with the active
SEISMIC GRAVITY loadings (Chapter 3.10) to generate a seismic shear envelope.
Example
DETAIL FOR CONTINUOUS MEM 33 34 / 27 28 / STANDARD
This command provides for the cutoff of longitudinal bars as illustrated in Figure 3.5.72.
3 - 84
DETAIL Command
3 - 85
DETAIL Command
3 - 86
3.5.8
command elements:
lista, listb, . . .
H (vH)
Explanation
If members have been designated as ONE WAY SLAB types or JOIST types in a
DESIGN DATA command, then the ANALYZE AND DESIGN command must be used
to perform the analysis and design of these members.
The ANALYZE AND DESIGN command permits the user to request a moment and
shear coefficient analysis of a ONE WAY SLAB or JOIST, followed by a design
procedure which includes the proportioning of the overall slab depth, and the selection
and placement of primary reinforcements as shown in Figures 3.5.8-1 and 3.5.8-2.
The ONE WAY SLAB or JOIST analysis is based on the provisions of Section 8.3.3 of
3 - 87
ACI 318-83, whereby the shear forces and bending moments are computed at the ends
and midpoint of each floor span by simple coefficients which are functions of the
uniformly distributed ultimate load and the clear-span length of the floor.
3 - 88
3 - 89
TYPICAL SECTION
NOTES:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
(TE)
(ET)
(TR)
(BOT)
(TEMP)
3 - 90
3.6
where,
list
list of members.
Explanation
This command is used to print the most detailed information concerning the
reinforcement which was selected and detailed by the execution of the PROPORTION
and DETAIL commands (Chapters 3.5.6 and 3.5.7 respectively).
3 - 91
3.7
command element,
list
n1, n2, n3
Explanation
The QUANTITY TAKEOFF command is used to compute the volume of concrete, the
length and weight of reinforcing bars, and the area of form-work for the structure. Both
proportioning and detailing must be complete for all designated members.
3 - 92
3.8
Beam Output
3.8.1
Beam Output
An example of the summary output from the design of a three-span continuous T-beam
is presented in Figure 3.8-1. The three 20 foot continuous spans were designed for a
dead load of 750 lb/ft and live load of 1000 lb/ft, using the factored design load equal
to 1.4 x (dead load) + 1.7 x (live load).
TYPE -the beam cross-section shape as specified by the DESIGN DATA member type
specs (Chapter 3.5.1) is listed in this Chapter. In this case, the cross-section
shape is listed as TEE.
CONTR BY -the design of a beam can be controlled by FLEXURE or SHEAR. For example,
the design of member 2 is controlled by FLEXURE.
DIMENSIONS -the cross-section dimensions of the beam are listed according to the crosssection shape. If the cross-section of the beam is a RECTANGULAR shape,
then only the stem width and the height (overall depth) are listed. If the crosssection of the beam is a TEE or ELL shape, then four dimensions are printed:
the stem width, the height (overall depth), the flange width, and flange thickness.
Figure 3.8-2 shows the cross-section dimensions for member 2.
REINFORCEMENT DATA:
SECT DIST -the distance from the start of the member to the location of the critical design
sections is given as the section distance. For member 2, there are three critical
sections. Section 1 is located at the start of the member (0.0 ft.), section 2 is
20.0 ft. from the start of the member (corresponds to the end of the member),
and section 3 is 10 ft. from the start of the member.
3 - 93
Beam Output
Figure 3.8-1
3 - 94
Beam Output
3 - 95
Beam Output
3 - 96
Beam Output
TOP BARS and BOTTOM BARS -this part of the output summarizes the reinforcement data at each critical section.
The selected bar size (SIZE), the number of bars (NO), the number of layers
(LAYERS), and the total area of the bars (AREA) are listed. The distance from
the top (YD) or bottom (YU) of the cross-section to the centroid of the reinforcing
steel is also listed. In general, TOP BARS designates the reinforcement for
negative moment sections, while BOTTOM BARS designates the reinforcement
for positive moment sections. Figure 3.8-2 shows the reinforcement for member
2.
DESIGN MOMENT AT SECTION -the critical design moment is also listed for each critical section, along with the
required flexural steel area which corresponds to each design moment.
STIRRUP DESIGN -design of stirrup spacings is performed only if WITH DETAIL (see Chapter 3.5.6)
is given. Figure 3.8-3 illustrates the stirrup spacing design output for member 2.
The summary output includes the stirrup size and the stirrup spacings from the
start of the member and the end of the member. The first stirrup of the first group
at the start or end of the member is placed at a distance of s/2 from the face of
support, where s is the stirrup spacing within the first group.
The shear force at a "d" distance from the face of support is listed. Summary
output from the PROPORTION command also gives longitudinal auxiliary and
torsion reinforcement. Auxiliary reinforcement is that longitudinal steel satisfying
provisions of Section 10.6.7 of ACI 318. Longitudinal torsion reinforcement is
designed to satisfy Section 11.6.9.3 of ACI 318.
3 - 97
Beam Output
3 - 98
Beam Output
3 - 99
Column Output
3.8.2
Column Output
The three story, seven bay plane frame shown in Figure 3.8-1 was designed by
GTSTRUDL/RC for a combination dead, live, and wind load. Figure 3.8.2-1 shows the
summary output which resulted from the execution of the PROPORTION command for
column member 16. These three rectangular tied columns were proportioned with #8,
#9, and #10 bars, and with #3 ties.
MEMBER
--
CRIT LD
--
the critical load which governed the design of the column for each
specified bar size is listed in this Chapter.
3 - 100
Column Output
3 - 101
3.9
where:
EI
Ig
Bd
the ratio of the maximum factored column dead load to the sum of the
maximum factored dead and live load
Four commands are used to perform a PDELTA analysis: (1) the SLENDERNESS
command which is used to specify the members for which slenderness effects
(nonlinear effects described above) are to be considered in the PDELTA analysis; (2)
the PDELTA LOADING command which is used to describe the loading condition for
which the PDELTA analysis is performed; (3) the PDELTA ANALYSIS command which
is used to request the PDELTA analysis; and (4) the CONVERGENCE TOLERANCE
command which is used to specify a convergence tolerance on the PDELTA analysis
equilibrium iterations.
3 - 102
3.9.1
SLENDERNESS Command
SLENDERNESS Command
command elements:
list1
list2
i1, i2
'a1', 'a2'
v1
v2
v3
v4
3 - 103
SLENDERNESS Command
Explanation
The members which are designated as COLUMNS in list1 will typically be those
members which will display significant nonlinear behavior as a result of the PDELTA
effect and/or the influence of axial force on bending stiffness. The optional DEAD
LOAD, LIVE LOAD, and BETAD modifiers are used to specify data which in turn are
used to assign a value to Bd.
Example
SLENDERNESS EFFECTS FOR COLUMN 3 4 DEAD LOAD '*DL' 1.4 LIVE LOAD '*LL' 1.7
SLENDERNESS EFFECTS FOR BEAMS 6 7 8 27 31 REDUCE I BY 50. PERCENT
With reference to the structure in Figure 3.4.5-1, columns 3 and 4 are considered for
slenderness; the moment of inertias for beams connecting to the columns are reduced
to 50% of the gross I to account for cracking. The Bd is calculated based on the
factored dead and live loads.
3 - 104
3.9.2
command elements:
i1
'a1'
i2, i3,..., in or
'a2', 'a3', ..., 'an'
vi (i-2,...,n)
Explanation
The PDELTA analysis is a nonlinear analysis. It is necessary to restrict each PDELTA
analysis to a single independent loading condition, which is herein called a PDELTA
LOADING.
Example
PDELTA LOAD 'PD' COMBINE '*DL' 1.4 '*LL' 1.7
3 - 105
3.9.3
command elements:
i1
i2
Explanation
The PDELTA analysis invoked by this command is essentially a geometrical nonlinear
analysis assuming linear elastic behavior, large finite displacements, small finite
strains, and small rotations.
3 - 106
3.10
command element,
list
Explanation
The DESIGN LOAD SEISMIC GRAVITY specifies each gravity loading which exists
when plastic, flexural hinges are expected to occur due to earthquake motions.
Many loadings may be active during flexure design of the member; only one or a few
of these loadings identify the gravity load condition which should be applied together
with the probable moment strength for seismic resistant shear calculations.
Example
METHOD ACI318-89 SEISMIC
UNITS KIPS FEET
$
LOADING 'DL' 'DEAD LOAD'
MEMBER LOADS
1 TO 20 FORCE Y UNIFORM W -1.0
3 - 107
The probable moment strengths, Mp, will be calculated at the start and end of the
beams. The gravity loads which act in conjunction with Mp are specified as loadings
1 and 2. These gravity loads plus the shear forces caused by Mp are used to construct
shear force envelopes for members 1 to 20.
3 - 108
Example Problem
3.11.
3 - 109
Example Problem
Figure 3.11-1 Example - Reinforced Concrete Design by the ACI318-89 Design Code
3 - 110
Example Problem
Figure 3.11-1
3 - 111
Figure 3.11-1
Example Problem
3 - 112
Example Problem
"
2
1
"
8
"
5
.2
6
3
"
5
.2
7
"
5
.3
7
*Note: Detailed output from PRINT ALL REINFORCEMENT command. Engineer must design
hooks and check anchorage for bars marked "continuous" at the start and end of each member.
Figure 3.11-1
3 - 113
Example Problem
Table 3.11-1 Example - Reinforced Concrete Design by the ACI318-89 Design Code
STRUDL 'EX. 9' 'REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN (BY THE ACI318-89 CODE) OF A PLANE
FRAME STRUCTURE'
$
$ Comments are shown following the "$" character
$ Geometry: Specify joint coordinates
$
UNITS KIPS FT DEGREES
JOINT COORDINATES
1 0. 0.
2 0. 14.
3 30. 14.
4 30. 0.
$
$ Support joints and special boundary conditions
$
STATUS SUPPORT JOINTS 1 4
$
$ Member type, topology (member incidences), and end boundary conditions
$
TYPE PLANE FRAME
MEMBER INCIDENCES
112
223
343
$ Material properties
MATERIAL REINFORCED CONCRETE
METHOD ULTIMATE STRENGTH ACI318-89 BARS ASTM
UNITS INCH
CONSTANTS
FCP 5.0 MEMBERS 1 3 $ Compressive strength of columns
$ Member properties
UNITS INCH
MEMBER DIMENSIONS
1 RECTANGLE B 16 H 16
3 RECTANGLE B 16 H 24
2 TEE T 6 BF 72 B 12 H 18
PRINT MEMBER DIMENSIONS
PRINT MEMBER PROPERTIES
3 - 114
Example Problem
Table 3.11-1 Example - Reinforced Concrete Design by the ACI318-89 Design Code
(Continued)
3 - 115
Example Problem
Table 3.11-1 Example - Reinforced Concrete Design by the ACI318-89 Design Code
(Continued)
$ Output joint displacements in INCH units, and support reactions and member end
$
forces in KIPS and FT units, each ordered by loading condition
$ Note joint displacements and member end forces are output using 3-decimal
$
digits following the decimal point
LOAD LIST ALL
OUTPUT DECIMAL 3
UNITS INCH
LIST DISPLACEMENTS
UNITS FT
LIST REACTIONS
LIST SUM REACTIONS
LIST FORCES
$ Output member end forces ordered by member
OUTPUT BY MEMBER
LIST FORCES
$ Output member section forces for beam at 10th points for Design Load 'ULTIMATE'
LOAD LIST 'ULTIMATE'
SECTION FR DS 0.0 0.10 MEMBER 2
LIST SECTION FORCES MEMBER 2
$ Other output
UNITS INCH
SCHEDULE BEAMS ALL
SCHEDULE COLUMNS ALL
PLOT RC ALL
PRINT ALL REINFORCEMENT MEMBERS 1 2 3
QUANTITY TAKEOFF ALL
$
Save the current state of the data base for future processing
SAVE 'EX-9.SAV'
$ Terminate the GTSTRUDL session.
FINISH
3 - 116
APPENDICES
APPENDICES
Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C
Appendix D
Appendix E
Appendix F
F.3
Appendix - 1
APPENDICES
F.4
F.5
F.6
Appendix - 2
APPENDIX A
Steel and RC Design Commands Ordered by Processing Requirements
Appendix A
Subset of GTSTRUDL Steel and Reinforced Concrete Design Commands
Ordered by Functional Area, and Ordered by Processing Requirements in
Each Area
A-1
APPENDIX A
Steel and RC Design Commands Ordered by Processing Requirements
Table A-1 Subset of Steel Frame Design Commands Ordered by Processing Requirements
Engineering Requirement
Steel Design
A-2
APPENDIX A
Steel and RC Design Commands Ordered by Processing Requirements
Table A-2 Subset of Reinforced Concrete Frame Design Commands Ordered by Processing
Requirements
Engineering Requirement
A-3
APPENDIX A
Steel and RC Design Commands Ordered by Processing Requirements
A-4
APPENDIX B
Steel and RC Design Commands Ordered by Command in Each Area
Appendix B
Subset of GTSTRUDL Steel and Reinforced Concrete Design Commands
Ordered by Functional Area, and Ordered by Command in Each Area
B-1
APPENDIX B
Steel and RC Design Commands Ordered by Command in Each Area
Table B-1 Subset of Steel Frame Design Commands Ordered by Command
Command Name
Brief Description
SECTION
PARAMETERS
COLUMN LINE
MEMBER CONSTRAINTS
SELECT MEMBERS
TAKE MEMBERS
CHECK MEMBERS
SUMMARIZE DESIGN/
CODE CHECK results
B-2
APPENDIX B
Steel and RC Design Commands Ordered by Command in Each Area
Table B-2 Subset of Reinforced Concrete Frame Design Commands Ordered by Command
Command Name
Brief Description
MATERIAL REINFORCED
CONCRETE
METHOD
CONSTANTS
MEMBER DIMENSIONS
(PRISMATIC)
MEMBER DIMENSIONS
VARIABLE
GRID DEFINITION
GRID MEMBER
FLOOR
WALL
END OF DEFINITION
B-3
APPENDIX B
Steel and RC Design Commands Ordered by Command in Each Area
Table B-2 Subset of Reinforced Concrete Frame Design Commands Ordered by Command
(continued)
Command Name
Brief Description
FACE OF SUPPORT
DESIGN DATA
PROPORTION MEMBER
DETAIL
SEGMENT
SLAB SUPPORTS
JOINT DETAILS
MEMBER SIMILARITIES
PRINT REINFORCEMENT
B-4
APPENDIX B
Steel and RC Design Commands Ordered by Command in Each Area
Table B-2 Subset of Reinforced Concrete Frame Design Commands Ordered by Command
(continued)
Command Name
Brief Description
QUANTITY TAKEOFF
SLENDERNESS
PDELTA LOADING
PDELTA ANALYSIS
GIRDER
B-5
APPENDIX B
Steel and RC Design Commands Ordered by Command in Each Area
B-6
Appendix C
Steel Design Codes
Appendix C
Steel Design Codes
Parameter
'CODE' Name
Appendix
Application
ASD9
C.1
LRFD2
C.2
BS449
C.3
BS5950
C.4
TOWER2
C.5
NF83
C.6
Based on the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section III,
Division 1 - Subsection NF, Rules for Construction of Nuclear Power
Plant Components adapted on July 1, 1983, with Addenda through
Summer 1984. This code checks I, Channels, Single Angle, and
Structural Tubing shape profiles. See Subsection C.6 below for
more details.
C-1
Appendix C
Steel Design Codes
C-2
Appendix C.1
ASD9 Code Summary
Appendix C.1
ASD9 Code Summary
The ASD9 code is based on the AISC "Specification for Structural Steel Buildings,
Allowable Stress Design" adopted June 1, 1989. The Specification is contained in the
Ninth Edition of the AISC Manual of Steel Construction, Allowable Stress Design. The
ASD9 Code utilizes the allowable stress design techniques of the AISC Specification.
A detailed description of all parameters and provisions of the AISC ASD
specification that are considered by GTSTRUDL is contained in Volume 2A of the
GTSTRUDL User Reference Manual.
A summary of parameters used by the ASD9 code in GTSTRUDL are given in
Appendix F.
The ASD9 code may be used to select or check any of the following shapes (Figure C1):
I shapes**
Channel
Single angle
Tee
Double angle
**Note:
Round bar
Pipe
Square bar
Rectangular bar
Structural tubing
2.
3.
Torsional stresses are usually small when compared to axial and bending
stresses, and may be neglected. No checks are made for torsion. The designer
is reminded to check the torsional stresses whenever they become significant.
4.
Web stiffeners are considered for web shear stress, but they are not designed.
5.
C-3
Appendix C.1
ASD9 Code Summary
6.
For a single angle subjected to combined stress, Section 6.1.1 of AISC ASD
cannot be satisfied. Section 6.1.1 of AISC ASD states that in the equations H1-1
or H1-2, the maximum compression bending stress due to each moment acting
alone must be used even though they may occur at different cross sections of the
member. The latter specification is not considered by GTSTRUDL's ASD9
member selection or code check procedures.
Tensile or compressive axial stresses, bi-axial bending, shear stresses, and combined
stresses are considered by ASD9. Provisions for slender compression elements,
Appendix B of the AISC ASD Specification, are included when necessary. Parameters
allowing for the changes which occur in structural steel at high temperatures have been
included and may be invoked at the user's discretion.
Cross-section properties for the steel shapes designed by the ASD9 Design Code
(Figure C-1) are described in Appendix D.
C-4
Appendix C.1
ASD9 Code Summary
C-5
Appendix C.1
ASD9 Code Summary
C-6
Appendix C.2
LRFD2 Code Summary
Appendix C.2
LRFD2 Code Summary
The LRFD2 code is based on the "AISC, Manual of Steel Construction, Load &
Resistance Factor Design, Second Edition, adopted December 1, 1993."
Parameters used by the LRFD2 code in GTSTRUDL are described in Appendix F. The
LRFD2 code may be used to select or check any of the following steel rolled shapes:
I shapes (Wide flange, S, HP, and M)
Single Angles
Double Angles
A detailed description of all parameters and provisions of the AISC LRFD, Second
Edition, specification that are considered by GTSTRUDL will be contained in a future
revision of Volume 2A of the GTSTRUDL User Reference Manual.
It is very important to note that the AISC LRFD code check procedures contained in
GTSTRUDL (LRFD2) do not include the approximate moment magnification technique
discussed in Section C1 of the AISC, Manual of Steel Construction, Load & Resistance
Factor Design, Second Edition, adopted December 1, 1993" for determination of Mu (B1
and B2 factors) in lieu of a second order analysis. Such a technique assumes that the
analysis is performed on the basis of a first order linear geometric elastic analysis.
Rather, the AISC LRFD code checking provisions implemented into GTSTRUDL
("LRFD2") are the ones that are intended to use second order nonlinear geometric
elastic analysis results which are based on factored loads (i.e., limit state loadings).
Such second order nonlinear geometric elastic analysis may be performed by using the
GTSTRUDL NONLINEAR ANALYSIS feature (Section 2.5 of Volume 3 in the
GTSTRUDL User Reference Manual).
Cross-section properties for the steel shapes designed by the LRFD2 Design Code are
described in Appendix D.
C-7
Appendix C.3
BS449 Code Summary
Appendix C.3
BS449 Code Summary
The BS449 code is based on the British Standard Institute BS449 -1969/75,
Specification for "The Use of Structural Steel in Buildings". The BS449 Code is based
on allowable stress design procedures. A detailed description of all parameters and
provisions of the BS449 specification that are considered by GTSTRUDL is contained
in Volume 2B of the GTSTRUDL User Reference Manual.
The BS449 Code of GTSTRUDL may be used to select or check any of the following
shapes:
I shape
Channel
Tee (no bending)
Structural Tubing
Pipe
Single Angle (no bending)
2.
The torsional stresses are usually small when compared to axial and bending
stresses, and may be neglected. No checks are made for torsion. The user is
reminded to check the torsional stresses whenever they become significant.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
C-8
Appendix C.3
BS449 Code Summary
It is important to note that members designed or checked as Tees or single
angles must only be tension or compression members since bending is not
considered for these shapes by the BS449 code in GTSTRUDL.
Cross-section properties for the steel shapes designed by the BS449 Steel Design
Code are described in Appendix D.
C-9
Appendix C.4
BS5950 Code Summary
Appendix C.4
BS5950 Code Summary
This code is based on the "BS 5950, British Standard Structural Use of Steelwork in
Building, Part 1, Code of Practice for Design in Simple and Continuous Construction:
Hot Rolled Sections, Adopted July, 1990."
Parameters for the BS5950 steel design code are discussed in Appendix F.
The BS5950 Code in GTSTRUDL may be used to select or check any of the following
steel rolled shapes:
I shapes
Channels
Single Angles
Tees
Double Angles
Round Bars
Pipes
Square Bars
Rectangular Bars
Structural Tubing
C - 10
Appendix C.5
TOWER2 Code Summary
Appendix C.5
TOWER2 Code Summary
The TOWER2 code in GTSTRUDL is used to select or code check single and double
angle members used in steel transmission towers. The ASCE Manual and Report
on Engineering Practice No. 52, "Guide for Design of Steel Transmission Towers,"
Second edition, 1988, is the primary reference used in the development of TOWER2.
All equations for computing permissible tensile and compressive axial stresses have
been taken from the ASCE Guide.
Based on the provisions of the ASCE Guide, the TOWER2 code in GTSTRUDL is
intended for use with single and double angle shape members subject only to axial
stresses (i.e., PLANE TRUSS and SPACE TRUSS members). Bending, shear, and
torsion member forces are not considered. The number of bolts at the member end
connection, holes through a cross-section, shear stress in the bolts, and bearing stress
on the member are considered by TOWER2 based on user-defined parameters in
addition to the axial stress.
Parameters used by the TOWER2 code in GTSTRUDL are summarized in Appendices
F.5, F.5.1, and F.5.2.
Figure C-2 illustrates the orientation of the single and double angle axes used by the
TOWER2 Code.
Cross-section properties for the steel shapes used by the TOWER2 Steel Design Code
(Figure C-2) are described in Appendix D.5.
C - 11
Appendix C.5
TOWER2 Code Summary
C - 12
Appendix C.6
NF83 Code Summary
Appendix C.6
NF83 Code Summary
The NF83 steel design code is based on the "ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code,
Section III, Rules for Construction of Nuclear Power Plant Components. Division 1 Subsection NF Component Supports," adopted in July 1, 1983, with Addenda through
the Summer of 1985. The specification is contained in the Appendices of the above
referenced Subsection NF in Article NF-3320, "Design by Linear Elastic Analysis for
Class I." A detailed description of all parameters and provisions of the ASME Code
specification that are considered by GTSTRUDL is contained in Volume 2B of the
GTSTRUDL User Reference Manual.
The NF83 Steel Design Code in GTSTRUDL may be used to select or check any of the
following shapes:
I shapes
Channel
Single angle
Structural tubing
Parameters used by the NF83 code in GTSTRUDL are described in Appendix F. The
following assumptions were made in implementing the NF83 Code in GTSTRUDL:
1.
The warping stresses computed by the NF83 code are based on Case 2 of
"Torsion Analysis of Rolled Steel Sections," Bethlehem Steel Corporation,
1963(55). GTSTRUDL considers four different sets of warping boundary
conditions under Case 2: 'PIN-PIN', 'PIN-FIX', 'FIX-PIN', and 'FIX-FIX'. See
Section 2.2.5.10.5, Volume 2B, of the GTSTRUDL User Reference Manual.
2.
The warping stresses computed by the NF83 code are based on the assumption
of a constant torsional moment, relative to the shear center, along the entire
length of the member. This assumption requires that no force of any kind be
applied between the ends of a member when the shear center is eccentric from
the centroid (i.e., channels and angles).
3.
C - 13
Appendix C.6
NF83 Code Summary
4.
5.
A value of 29,000 ksi is recommended for steel, since this value was used in
deriving several of the constants appearing in the allowable stress equations of
the ASME Specification. For a detailed derivation of the constants and equations
the user is referred to the "Guide to Stability Design Criteria for Metal Structures."
6.
The member under consideration is rolled from a single grade of steel (i.e., no
hybrid members).
The engineer is urged to verify that the above assumptions are applicable. Any
variation from these assumptions should be checked by the engineer to ascertain their
impact on the NF83 Code.
Tensile or compressive axial stresses, bi-axial bending stresses, transverse shear
stresses, combined axial and bending stresses, torsional shear stress, warping shear
stress, warping normal stress, combined shear stresses and combined normal stress
are considered by the NF83 Code. Provisions for slender compression elements,
Section NF-3322.2(e) ASME Specification, are included when necessary.
Cross-section properties for the steel shapes used by the NF83 Steel Design Code are
described in Appendix D.6.
C - 14
Appendix D
Section Properties Required for Steel Rolled Shape Design
Appendix D
Section Properties Required for Steel Rolled Shape Design
Steel design codes in GTSTRUDL are developed to design (i.e., select from tables)
steel rolled shapes whose properties are described in this Appendix and in Volume 2A
of the GTSTRUDL User Reference Manual.
It is important to note that all cross-section properties described in this Appendix must
be included in the section tables from which the rolled shapes are selected. The rolled
section tables included with GTSTRUDL contain the required properties. User created
tables of steel rolled shapes must also include these properties.
See Section 2.13 of this GTSTRUDL User Guide: Design for a discussion of how to
create a user table of steel rolled shapes.
Appendix D.1
Appendix D.2
Appendix D.3
Appendix D.4
Appendix D.5
Appendix D.6
D-1
Appendix D.1
ASD9 Code Required Steel Rolled Shape Section Properties
Appendix D.1
ASD9 Code Required Steel Rolled Shape Section Properties
Cross-section properties for the steel shapes designed by the ASD9 Design Code (Figure
C-1) are summarized below:
I Shape Properties:
For W shapes and other doubly symmetric I beams, the following properties are required:
AX
AY
=
=
AZ
IX
IY
IZ
RY
RZ
RT
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
SY
SZ
FLTK
WBTK
YD
YC
=
=
=
=
=
=
ZD
ZC
=
=
INTYD
BF/2TF
D/TW
YD/AFL
EY
EZ
CW
ND
WEIGHT
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Appendix D.1
ASD9 Code Required Steel Rolled Shape Section Properties
GRPNUM
SHAPE
=
=
=
=
=
the profile group number taken from Table 1 and 2 of the AISC ASD
Manual of Steel Construction, Ninth Edition
a number that indicates the profile shape
1.0, W shapes
1.1, S shapes
1.2, HP shapes
1.3, M shapes
Channel Properties:
For channels, the following properties are required:
AX
AY
=
=
AZ
IX
IY
IZ
RY
RZ
SY
SYS
SZ
FLTK
WBTK
YD
YC
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
ZD
ZC
=
=
INTYD
BF/2TF
D/TW
YD/AFL
EY
EZ
CW
ND
WEIGHT
GRPNUM
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Appendix D.1
ASD9 Code Required Steel Rolled Shape Section Properties
SHAPE
=
=
=
For single angles, as for all other shapes designed by GTSTRUDL, the crosssection area properties are with respect to its principal axes)
=
=
AZ
IX
IY
IZ
RY
RZ
SY
SYS
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
SZ
SZS
THICK
LEG1
LEG2
YD
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
YC
D-4
Appendix D.1
ASD9 Code Required Steel Rolled Shape Section Properties
ZD
ZC
=
=
=
ALPHA
EY
EZ
CW
WEIGHT
GRPNUM
=
=
=
=
=
=
SHAPE
=
=
Tee Properties:
For tee shapes, the following properties are required:
AX
AY
=
=
AZ
IX
IY
IZ
RY
RZ
RT
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
SY
SZ
SZS
FLTK
WBTK
YD
YC
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
ZD
ZC
=
=
INTYD
D-5
Appendix D.1
ASD9 Code Required Steel Rolled Shape Section Properties
BF/2TF
D/TW
YD/AFL
EY
EZ
CW
ND
WEIGHT
GRPNUM
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
SHAPE
=
=
=
=
the b/t ratio of the flange computed as 1/2 the flange width divided by
the flange thickness
the profile depth divided by the web thickness
the profile depth over the area of one flange
distance from centroid to shear center parallel to the Y axis
distance from centroid to shear center parallel to the Z axis
the warping constant
the nominal depth
the weight per unit length
the profile group number taken from Tables 1 and 2 of the AISC ASD
Manual of Steel Construction, Ninth Edition
a number that indicates the profile shape
4.0, WT Shapes
4.1, ST Shapes
4.3, MT Shapes
=
=
AZ
IX
IY
IZ
RY
RZ
SY
SZ
SZS
THICK
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
LEGl
LEG2
SPACING
YD
YC
=
=
ZD
D-6
Appendix D.1
ASD9 Code Required Steel Rolled Shape Section Properties
ZC
EY
EZ
CW
GRPNUM
=
=
=
=
SHAPE
=
=
=
=
the positive Z direction distance from the Y axis to the extreme fiber
along the Z axis
distance from centroid to shear center parallel to the Y axis
distance from centroid to shear center parallel to the Z axis
the warping constant, not available in GTSTRUDL's tables at this time
the profile group number taken from Tables 1 and 2 of the AISC ASD
Manual of Steel Construction, Ninth Edition
a number that indicates the profile shape
4.4, equal legs back-to-back double angles
4.5, long legs back-to-back double angles
4.6, short legs back-to-back double angles
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
SHAPE
=
=
Pipe Shapes:
For pipe shapes, the following properties are required:
AX
AY
AZ
=
=
=
D-7
Appendix D.1
ASD9 Code Required Steel Rolled Shape Section Properties
IX
IY
IZ
RY
RZ
SY
SZ
OD
ID
THICK
YD
YC
ZD
ZC
ND
GRPNUM
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
SHAPE
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
SHAPE
=
=
=
D-8
Appendix D.1
ASD9 Code Required Steel Rolled Shape Section Properties
Structural Tubing Shapes:
For structural tubing, the following properties are required:
AX
AY
=
=
AZ
IX
IY
IZ
RY
RZ
SY
SZ
FLTK
WBTK
YD
YC
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
ZD
ZC
=
=
INTYD
INTZD
BF/TF
=
=
=
DW/TW
D/TW
EY
EZ
CW
ND
GRPNUM
=
=
=
=
=
=
SHAPE
=
=
It is assumed that the outside radius of the corners of a structural tube equals twice the
thickness of the tube:
radius
2 FLTK
D-9
Appendix D.2
LRFD2 Code Required Steel Rolled Shape Section Properties
Appendix D.2
LRFD2 Code Required Steel Rolled Shape Section Properties
Cross-section area properties for steel shapes that are used by the LRFD2 steel design code
include those described above in Appendix D.1 for the ASD9 Design Code.
In addition to such properties, the following cross-section area properties are also used by the
LRFD2 steel design code for bending and shear checks of members with I, Single Angle, and
Double Angle shape cross-sections:
For I, Single Angle, and Double Angle shapes:
ZY
ZZ
CW
=
=
=
H/TW
web stability check computed as the assumed web depth for stability (h)
divided by the web thickness (tw), where h is the clear distance between
flanges less the fillet or corner radius for rolled shapes (see AISC
Manual of Steel Construction, Load & Resistance Factor Design, Second
Edition, December 1, 1993). When h/tw is not specified for the crosssection in the GTSTRUDL or user tables, the value of INTYD/tw is used.
INTYD is the clear distance between flanges and tw is the web thickness.
D - 10
Appendix D.2
LRFD2 Code Required Steel Rolled Shape Section Properties
SHAPE
A number which indicates the profile shape (see Table 2.4-2 in Volume
2A of the GTSTRUDL User Reference Manual).
When using GTTABLE to create a user table of steel rolled shapes for use by the LRFD2
steel design code which include the section properties ZY and ZZ (plastic moduli), the
following GTTABLE commands (see Section 2.13) should be used:
ORDER USER TABLE 'Tablename'
ORDER BY INCREASING 'AX'
ARRANGE 'SY' ON ORDERING 'AX' WITH ID 'AXSY'
ARRANGE 'SZ' ON ORDERING 'AX' WITH ID 'AXSZ'
ARRANGE 'ZY' ON ORDERING 'AX' WITH ID 'AXZY'
ARRANGE 'ZZ' ON ORDERING 'AX' WITH ID 'AXZZ'
FILE TABLE
D - 11
Appendix D
BS449 Code Required Steel Rolled Shape Section Properties
Appendix D.3
BS449 Code Required Steel Rolled Shape Section Properties
Cross-section area properties for steel shapes that are used by the BS449 steel design code
are summarized below:
=
=
=
=
AZ
=
=
IX
IY
IZ
SY
SZ
RY
RZ
YD
YC
ZD
ZC
FLTK
WBTK
YD/AFL
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
EY
EZ
=
=
D - 12
Appendix D.3
BS449 Code Required Steel Rolled Shape Section Properties
SHAPE
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
D - 13
Appendix D
BS449 Code Required Steel Rolled Shape Section Properties
Single Angle Shape Properties:
(Note:
For single angles, as for all other shapes designed by GTSTRUDL, the
cross-section area properties are with respect to its principal axes)
=
=
AZ
IX
IY
IZ
THICK
LEG1
=
=
=
=
=
LEG2
RY
RZ
SY
SZ
YD
YC
ZD
ZC
EY
SHAPE
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
D - 14
Appendix D
BS5950 Code Required Steel Rolled Shape Section Properties
Appendix D.4
BS5950 Code Required Steel Rolled Shape Section Properties
Cross-section area properties for steel shapes that are used by the BS5950 steel design
code include those described above in Appendix D.1 for the ASD9 Design Code.
In addition to such properties, the following cross-section area properties are also used
by the BS5950 steel design code:
For I-shapes, Channels, Tees, Pipes, and Structural Tubes:
ZY
ZZ
=
=
Warping constant.
ZZ
Plastic modulus about the local Y axis. If not specified, the elastic
modulus, SY, is used.
Plastic modulus about the local Z axis. If not specified, the elastic
modulus, SZ, is used, and the profile is checked as a single angle.
Torsional index, (same as x in the BS 5950: Part 1: 1990 code). If not
specified, the torsional index is computed based on the equation given
for a Tee cross-section in the Appendix B of BS 5950: Part 1: 1990 code.
Buckling parameter, (same as u in the BS 5950: Part 1: 1990 code). If
not specified, the buckling parameter is computed based on the equation
given for a Tee cross-section in Appendix B of the BS 5950: Part 1: 1990
code.
For Solid Round Bars, Solid Square Bars, and Solid Rectangular Bars:
D - 15
Appendix D
BS5950 Code Required Steel Rolled Shape Section Properties
ZY
ZZ
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
A number indicates the profile shape (see Table 2.4-2 of Volume 2A).
1.0 for I shapes.
1.2 for H shapes.
2.0 for Channels.
3.0 for Single angles.
4.0 for Tees
4.4 for Double angle, equal legs back-to-back.
4.5 for Double angle, long legs back-to-back.
4.6 for Double angle, short legs back-to-back.
5.0 for Solid round bars.
5.1 for Pipes.
6.0 for Solid square bars.
6.1 for Solid rectangular bars.
6.2 for Structural tubing.
D - 16
Appendix D
TOWER2 Code Required Steel Rolled Shape Section Properties
Appendix D.5
TOWER2 Code Required Steel Rolled Shape Section Properties
Cross-section area properties for steel shapes that are used by the TOWER2 steel
transmission tower design code are summarized below:
For single angles, as for all other shapes designed by GTSTRUDL, the crosssection area properties are with respect to its principal axes)
AX
AY
=
=
AZ
IX
IY
IZ
RY
RZ
SY
SYS
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
SZ
THICK
LEG1
LEG2
YD
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
YC
D - 17
Appendix D
TOWER2 Code Required Steel Rolled Shape Section Properties
ZD
ZC
=
=
=
ALPHA
EY
EZ
WEIGHT
GRPNUM
=
=
=
=
=
SHAPE
=
=
RXX
RYY
=
=
=
=
AZ
IX
IY
IZ
RY
RZ
SY
SZ
SZS
LEG1
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
LEG2
THICK
D - 18
Appendix D
TOWER2 Code Required Steel Rolled Shape Section Properties
YD
YC
=
=
ZD
ZC
=
=
SPACING
EY
EZ
GRPNUM
=
=
=
SHAPE
=
=
=
=
D - 19
Appendix D
NF83 Code Required Steel Rolled Shape Section Properties
Appendix D.6
NF83 Code Required Steel Rolled Shape Section Properties
Cross-section area properties for steel shapes that are used by the NF83 steel design
code are summarized below:
I Shape Properties:
For W shapes and other doubly symmetric I beams, the following properties are required:
AX
AY
=
=
AZ
ZD
YD
FLTK
WBTK
RY
RZ
SY
SZ
BF/2TF
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
D/TW
RT
=
=
EY
EZ
YD/AFL
INTYD
=
=
=
=
SHAPE
=
=
D - 20
Appendix D
NF83 Code Required Steel Rolled Shape Section Properties
Channel Properties:
For channels, the following properties are required:
AX
AY
=
=
AZ
ZD
YD
FLTK
WBTK
RY
RZ
SY
SYS
SZ
BF/2TF
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
YD/AFL
EY
EZ
INTYD
=
=
=
=
IY
ZC
=
=
SHAPE
=
=
For single angles, as for all other shapes designed by GTSTRUDL, the
cross-section area properties are with respect to its principal axes)
AX
AY
=
=
D - 21
Appendix D
NF83 Code Required Steel Rolled Shape Section Properties
AZ
THICK
LEGl
LEG2
RY
RZ
EY
EZ
SY
SYS
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
SZ
SZS
SHAPE
=
=
=
=
=
=
AZ
ZD
YD
FLTK
WBTK
RY
=
=
=
=
=
RZ
SY
SZ
EY
EZ
=
=
=
=
=
D - 22
Appendix D
NF83 Code Required Steel Rolled Shape Section Properties
BF/TF
DW/TW
D/TW
INTYD
INTZD
SHAPE
=
=
=
=
=
the b/t ratio of the flange computed as the flat width of flange divided
by the flange thickness,
the b/t ratio of the web computed as the flat width of web divided by
the web thickness,
the profile depth divided by the web thickness,
the flat width of the web,
the flat width of the flange,
a number indicating the profile shape
6.2, structural tubing shapes
D - 23
Appendix D
NF83 Code Required Steel Rolled Shape Section Properties
D - 24
Appendix E
Prestored Steel Rolled Shape Tables for Design
Appendix E
Prestored Steel Rolled Shape Tables for Design+*
Table
Name
Applicable
Codes
WSHAPES9
ASD9
LRFD2
NF83
BS449
BS5950
M/S/HP9
ASD9
LRFD2
NF83
BS449
BS5950
CHANNEL9
ASD9
NF83
BS449
BS5950
TEES9
ASD9
BS449
BS5950
Assumed directions of the local principle y and z axes are shown in Figure C-1 for
Table steel rolled shapes.
See the Sections 2.13.2 and 2.13.3 for a description of how to print out the contents
(i.e., profile names and properties) of tables, and to create user defined Tables of
steel shapes.
Description
E-1
Appendix E
Prestored Steel Rolled Shape Tables for Design
Table
Name
Applicable
Codes
PIPES9
ASD9
BS449
BS5950
TUBES9
ASD9
NF83
BS449
BS5950
WBEAM9
ASD9
LRFD2
NF83
BS449
BS5950
Description
WCOLUMN9 ASD9
LRFD2
NF83
BS449
BS5950
ANGLES
ASD9
LRFD2
TOWER2
NF83
BS449
BS5950
E-2
Appendix E
Prestored Steel Rolled Shape Tables for Design
Table
Name
Applicable
Codes
EQANGLE
ASD9
LRFD2
TOWER2
NF83
BS449
BS5950
ULANGLE
ASD9
LRFD2
TOWER2
NF83
BS449
BS5950
USANGLE
ASD9
LRFD2
TOWER2
NF83
BS449
BS5950
LLDBLANG
SLDBLANG
EQDBLANG
ASD9
LRFD2
TOWER2
BS5950
SSPIPE
ASD9
BS449
WSPIPE
ASD9
BS449
Description
E-3
Appendix E
Prestored Steel Rolled Shape Tables for Design
Table
Name
Applicable
Codes
BARS
ASD9
BS5950
RBAR
ASD9
BS5950
CIHOLLOW
ASD9
BS5950
REHOLLOW ASD9
BS5950
Description
E-4
Appendix E
Prestored Steel Rolled Shape Tables for Design
Table
Name
Applicable
Codes
Description
SQHOLLOW ASD9
BS5950
British Square Hollow sections taken from the Steelwork Design Guide
to BS 5950: Part 1: 1990, Volume 1, Section Properties, Member
Capacities, 4th Edition, 1996 (82). Names of sections have the form
of HeightXThickness.
Example: 20X20X2.0 is 20X2.0 in GTSTRUDL
JOISTS
ASD9
BS5950
UNIBEAMS
ASD9
BS5950
UNICOL
ASD9
BS5950
E-5
Appendix E
Prestored Steel Rolled Shape Tables for Design
Table
Name
Applicable
Codes
Description
ASD9
LRFD2
TOWER2
NF83
BS449
BS5950
EQDBANGM ditto
LLDBANGM
ditto
Metric AISC unequal leg, long legs back-to-back double angle profiles
as shown on pages 78 to 81 of the Metric Properties of the Structural
Shapes by AISC*. Only double angles back-to-back with 0 spacing is
available at this time. See Figure C-1 for explanation of naming
convention.
SLDBANGM
ditto
Metric AISC unequal leg, short legs back-to-back double angle profiles
as shown on pages 82 to 85 of the Metric Properties of Structural
Shapes by AISC*. Only double angles back-to-back with 0 spacing is
available at this time. See Figure C-1 for explanation of naming
convention.
ASD9
NF83
BS449
BS5950
E-6
Appendix E
Prestored Steel Rolled Shape Tables for Design
Table
Name
Applicable
Codes
Description
ASD9
BS449
BS5950
ditto
ASD9
NF83
BS449
ASD9
LRFD2
NF83
BS449
BS5950
E-7
Appendix E
Prestored Steel Rolled Shape Tables for Design
Table
Name
Applicable
Codes
WBEAMM
ditto
WCOLUMNM ditto
WSHAPESM ditto
Description
BS5950
BSUNANGL
BS5950
E-8
Appendix E
Prestored Steel Rolled Shape Tables for Design
Table
Name
Applicable
Codes
BSEQDBAN
BS5950
BSLLDBAN
BS5950
BSSLDBAN
BS5950
Description
BS5950
BS5950
E-9
Appendix E
Prestored Steel Rolled Shape Tables for Design
Table
Name
Applicable
Codes
TEEUCOLU
BS5950
Description
British Structural Tee profiles cut from Universal Columns as shown
on pages 72 to 73 of the Steelwork Design Guide to BS 5950: Part 1:
1990, Volume 1 Section Properties**. Example of the naming
convention is as follows:
406x178x118 is 406X118 in GTSTRUDL
152x76x12 is 152X12 in GTSTRUDL
BS5950
E - 10
Appendix E
Prestored Steel Rolled Shape Tables for Design
General
Form
Description
XX =
and
Examples
b
Examples
a) UN302216 is a single angle 3 x 2 1/2 x 1/2
b) L2806014 is a double angle long legs back-to-back 8 x 6 x 7/16 with 1/4" separation
c) E3404008 is a double angle equal legs back-to-back 4 x 4 x 1/4 with 3/8" separation
E - 11
Appendix E
Prestored Steel Rolled Shape Tables for Design
E - 12
Appendix F
Steel Design Code PARAMETERS
Appendix F
Steel Design Code Parameters
Appendix
F.1
Appendix
F.2
F.2.1
Appendix
F.3
F.3.1
Appendix
F.4
F.4.1
F.4.2
Appendix
Appendix
F.5
F.5.1
F.5.2
F.6
F-1
Appendix F.1
ASD9 Code PARAMETERS
Appendix F.1
ASD9 Code Parameters
Parameter
Name
Default
Value
CODE
Required
TBLNAM
WSHAPES9
CODETOL
0.0
PF
1.0
A/H
10000.0
General:
Material Properties:
STEELGRD
A36
FYLD
Computed
FTS
Computed
REDFYLD
1.0
Reduction factor for FYLD. This factor times FYLD gives the FY
value used by the code. Used to account for property changes at
high temperatures.
F-2
Appendix F.1
ASD9 Code PARAMETERS
Parameter
Name
Default
Value
REDFTS
1.0
REDE
1.0
Slenderness Ratio:
SLENCOMP
Computed
SLENTEN
Computed
NO
KY
1.0
Effective length factor for buckling about the local Y axis of the
profile. See Sections 2.3 and 2.4 for the GTSTRUDL computation
of the effective length factor, KY.
KZ
1.0
Effective length factor for buckling about the local Z axis of the
profile. See Sections 2.3 and 2.4 for the GTSTRUDL computation
of the effective length factor, KZ.
F-3
Appendix F.1
ASD9 Code PARAMETERS
Parameter
Name
Default
Value
SDSWAYY
YES
SDSWAYZ
YES
GAY
Computed
GAZ
Computed
GBY
Computed
GBZ
Computed
Buckling Length:
LY
Computed
Unbraced length for buckling about the local Y axis of the profile.
Computed as length of member.
LZ
Computed
Unbraced length for buckling about the local Z axis of the profile.
Computed as length of member.
FRLY
1.0
F-4
Appendix F.1
ASD9 Code PARAMETERS
Parameter
Name
Default
Value
FRLZ
1.0
Flexural-Torsional Buckling:
FLTORBUK
YES
KX
1.0
Effective length factor for torsional buckling about the local X axis
of the profile. This parameter is used in flexural-torsional buckling
stress, Fe computations.
LX
Computed
Unbraced length for torsional buckling about the local X axis of the
profile. Computed as length of member. This parameter is used in
flexural-torsional buckling stress, Fe computations.
FRLX
1.0
Bending Stress:
CB
Computed
FSB
2.0
Safety factor applied to the Eq. 6.23 of the Guide to Stability Design
Criteria for Metal Structures (35) in the computation of allowable
compressive bending stress for the stem of a tee.
UNLCF
Computed
F-5
Appendix F.1
ASD9 Code PARAMETERS
Parameter
Name
Default
Value
FRUNLCF
1.0
UNLCFTF
Computed
UNLCFBF
Computed
Combined Stresses:
AXEFF
0.0
CMY
Computed
CMZ
Computed
Force Limitation
FXMIN
0.5(lb)
FYMIN
0.5(lb)
FZMIN
0.5(lb)
MYMIN
20.0(in-lb)
MZMIN
20.0(in-lb)
F-6
Appendix F.1
ASD9 Code PARAMETERS
Parameter
Name
Default
Value
CODEUNIT
The UNITS value of ACTIVE specifies that the currently active units
are to be used for the output of code provision values and other
numerical output for summary output caused by the SELECT,
CHECK, and SUMMARY commands, and for output associated
with a TRACE value of 4.0. The default is to use standard code
units.
CODEUNIT = Output in standard code units.
ACTIVE
= Output in currently active units.
MXTRIALS
500.0
PRIDTA
1.0
SUMMARY
NO
TRACE
4.0
VALUES
1.0
F-7
Appendix F.2
LRFD2 Code PARAMETERS
Appendix F.2
LRFD2 Code Parameters
Parameter
Name
Default
Value
CODE
Required
TBLNAM
WSHAPES9
CODETOL
0.0
PF
1.0
A/H
10000.0
FRAXMINT*
FRAXMINC*
1.0
General
AXreq,T
= FX / (FRAXMINT * FYLD)
= Minimum required area based on axial tension force
AXreq,C
= FX / (FRAXMINC * FYLD)
= Minimum required area based on axial compression
force
F-8
Appendix F.2
LRFD2 Code PARAMETERS
Parameter
Name
Default
Value
FRSZMIN*
1.2
FRSYMIN*
1.2
*Note:
= MZ / (FRSZMIN * FYLD)
= Minimum required principle z-axis section modulus
based on z-bending moment
= MY / (FRSYMIN * FYLD)
= Minimum required principle y-axis section modulus
based on y-bending moment
In order to improve the efficiency of steel member shape selection from a table of
available shapes that is ordered on increasing weight, it is important to begin the
process of checking shapes for code compliance by using a shape that is as close
as possible to the final selected shape. GTSTRUDL selects the first shape in a
table of shapes to be checked for code compliance by selecting the first shape in
the table whose cross-section area and section modulus properties are equal to or
greater than the minimum required properties as computed by AXreq, SYreq, and
SZreq.
Material Properties
STEELGRD
A36
FYLD
Computed
FTS
Computed
REDFYLD
1.0
Reduction factor for FYLD. This factor times FYLD gives the FY
value used by the code. Used to account for property changes at
high temperatures.
F-9
Appendix F.2
LRFD2 Code PARAMETERS
Parameter
Name
Default
Value
REDFTS
1.0
REDE
1.0
Slenderness Ratio
SLENCOMP
Computed
SLENTEN
Computed
NO
K-Factors
COMPK*
*Note:
KY
1.0
Effective length factor for buckling about the local Y axis of the
profile. See Sections 2.3 and 2.4 for GTSTRUDL computation of
effective length factor, KY.
KZ
1.0
Effective length factor for buckling about the local Z axis of the
profile. See Section 2.3 and 2.4 for GTSTRUDL computation of
effective length factor, KZ.
F - 10
Appendix F.2
LRFD2 Code PARAMETERS
Parameter
Name
Default
Value
SDSWAYY
YES
SDSWAYZ
YES
GAY
Computed
GAZ
Computed
GBY
Computed
GBZ
Computed
Buckling Length
LY
Computed
Unbraced length for buckling about the local Y axis of the profile.
Computed as length of member.
LZ
Computed
Unbraced length for buckling about the local Z axis of the profile.
Computed as length of member.
FRLY
1.0
F - 11
Appendix F.2
LRFD2 Code PARAMETERS
Parameter
Name
Default
Value
FRLZ
1.0
Flexural-Torsional Buckling
KX
1.0
Effective length factor for torsional buckling about the local X axis
of the profile. This parameter is used in flexural-torsional buckling
stress, Fe computations.
LX
Computed
Unbraced length for torsional buckling about the local X axis of the
profile. Computed as length of member. This parameter is used in
flexural-torsional buckling stress, Fe computations.
FRLX
1.0
Bending Stress
CB
Computed
UNLCF
Computed
FRUNLCF
1.0
UNLCFTF
Computed
UNLCFBF
Computed
F - 12
Appendix F.2
LRFD2 Code PARAMETERS
Parameter
Name
Default
Value
Force Limitation
FXMIN
0.5(lb)
FYMIN
0.5(lb)
FZMIN
0.5(lb)
MYMIN
20.0(in-lb)
MZMIN
20.0(in-lb)
NO
TRACE
4.0
VALUES
1.0
F - 13
Appendix F.2.1
ASTM Steel Grades (ASD9 and LRFD2 Codes)
Appendix F.2.1
ASTM Steel Grades and Associated Values of Fy and Fu Based on the
1989 AISC ASD Ninth Edition and 1993 AISC LRFD Second Edition
Specifications
ASTM
Steel Grade
Designation
A36
36
58
36
58
36
58
36
58
36
58
A529
42
60
NA
NA
NA
NA
A441
50
70
50
70
46
67
42
63
42
63
A572-G42
42
60
42
60
42
60
42
60
42
60
A572-G50
50
65
50
65
50
65
50
65
50
65
A572-G60
60
75
60
75
NA
NA
NA
A572-G65
65
80
NA
NA
NA
NA
A242
50
70
50
70
46
75
42
63
42
63
A588
50
70
50
70
50
70
50
70
50
70
NA indicates that shapes in the corresponding group are not produced for that grade of steel. GTSTRUDL assumes Fy
and Fu to be zero in such cases and will not select profiles for these combinations of group number and steel grade. Yield
strengths (Fy) and ultimate tensile strengths (Fu) were obtained from the summary of ASTM specifications included in
the 1989 AISC ASD Ninth Edition and the 1993 AISC LRFD Second Edition specification.
F - 14
Appendix F.3
BS449 Code PARAMETERS
Appendix F.3
BS449 Code Parameters
Parameter
Name
Default
Value
CODE
Required
TBLNAM
CODETOL
0.0
PF
1.0
General
Material Properties
STEELGRD
43
FYLD
Computed
REDFYLD
1.0
Reduction factor for FYLD. This factor times FYLD gives the FY
value used by the code. Used to account for property changes at
high temperatures.
Slenderness Ratio
KL/R
Computed
F - 15
Appendix F.3
BS449 Code PARAMETERS
Parameter
Name
Default
Value
COMPK
NO
KY
1.0
Effective length factor for buckling about the local Y axis of the
profile. See Sections 2.3 and 2.4 for the GTSTRUDL computation
of the effective length factor, KY.
KZ
1.0
Effective length factor for buckling about the local Z axis of the
profile. See Sections 2.3 and 2.4 for the GTSTRUDL computation
of the effective length factor, KZ.
SDSWAYY
YES
SDSWAYZ
YES
GAY
Computed
G-factor at the start joint of the member. GAY is used in the calculation of effective length factor KY (see parameter COMPK, KY, and
Sections 2.3 and 2.4).
GAZ
Computed
G-factor at the start joint of the member. GAZ is used in the calculation of effective length factor KZ (see parameter COMPK, KZ, and
Sections 2.3 and 2.4).
K-Factors
F - 16
Appendix F.3
BS449 Code PARAMETERS
Parameter
Name
Default
Value
GBY
Computed
GBZ
Computed
Buckling Length
LY
Computed
Unbraced length for buckling about the local Y axis of the profile.
Computed as length of member.
LZ
Computed
Unbraced length for buckling about the local Z axis of the profile.
Computed as length of member.
FRLY
1.0
FRLZ
1.0
Bending Stress
UNLCF
Computed
FRUNLCF
1.0
F - 17
Appendix F.3
BS449 Code PARAMETERS
Parameter
Name
Default
Value
Force Limitation
FXMIN
2.224(N)
FYMIN
2.224(N)
FZMIN
2.224(N)
MYMIN
88.964
MZMIN
88.964
NO
TRACE
4.0
VALUES
1.0
F - 18
Appendix F.3.1
Steel Grades Based on the BS449 Design Code
Appendix F.3.1
Steel Grades and Associated Allowable Equivalent Stress (pe), and
Yield Stress (Ys) Based on the 1975 British Standard 449 Specification
Thickness
Steel Grade
mm
pe
inches
N/mm
Yield Stress Ys
2
N/mm
psi
1.575
230.0
250.0
36263.152
Greater than
431
33109.834
40.0
1.575
501
210.0
228.0
320.0
347.8
50453.081
390.0
423.9
61489.692
360.0
391.3
56759.716
40.0
1.575
Greater than
551
40.0
1.575
pe
Ys
pe 1.0869565
Steel grade name must be specified within single quotation marks in the PARAMETERS
Command.
F - 19
Appendix F.4
BS5950 Code PARAMETERS
Appendix F.4
BS5950 Code Parameters
Parameter
Name
Default
Value
CODE
Required
TBLNAM2
WSHAPES9
General
APPROACH EXACT
EXACT
SIMPLIFY =
GTSTRUDL applicable Table names for the BS5950 Design Code are as follows:
British Tables UNIBEAM (Universal Beams) and UNICOL (Universal Columns) are available on
request, plus AISC Tables WSHAPES9, M/S/HP9, CHANNEL9, ANGLES, EQANGLE, ULANGLE,
USANGLE, TEES9, LLDBLANG, SLDBLANG, EQDBLANG, BARS, RBAR, TUBES9, WBEAM9,
and WCOLUMN9.
F - 20
Appendix F.4
BS5950 Code PARAMETERS
Parameter
Name
Default
Value
COLUMNS
NORMAL
SHRAREAF
Computed
Shear area factor is used for the computation of the shear area (Av).
When an alternate value other than COMPUTE or TABLE is
specified, shear area is computed as the SHRAREAF times the
cross-sectional area (Ax) as follows:
Av = AY = AZ = [SHRAREAF AX].
COMPUTE
= Compute the shear area based on the Section
4.2.3 of BS 5950 : Part 1 : 1990 except for
single and double angles. Shear area for single
and double angles is extracted from
GTSTRUDL or USER table.
TABLE
= Shear area from GTSTRUDL or USER table is
used.
CODETOL
0.0
PF
1.0
FRAXMINT*
FRAXMINC* 1.0
FX / (FRAXMINT * FYLD)
Minimum required area based on axial tension force
AXreq,C =
=
FX / (FRAXMINC * FYLD)
Minimum required area based on axial compression
force
F - 21
Appendix F.4
BS5950 Code PARAMETERS
Parameter
Name
Default
Value
FRSZMIN*
1.2
FRSYMIN*
1.2
MZ / (FRSZMIN * FYLD)
Minimum required principle z-axis section modulus
based on z-bending moment
*Note:
=
=
=
=
MY / (FRSYMIN * FYLD)
Minimum required principle y-axis section modulus
based on y-bending moment
In order to improve the efficiency of steel member shape selection from a table of
available shapes that is ordered on increasing weight, it is important to begin the
process of checking shapes for code compliance by using a shape that is as close
as possible to the final selected shape. GTSTRUDL selects the first shape in a
table of shapes to be checked for code compliance by selecting the first shape in
the table whose cross-section area and section modulus properties are equal to or
greater than the minimum required properties as computed by AXreq, SYreq, and
SZreq.
Material Properties
STEELGRD
43
REDPY,
1.0
REDPy, or redpy
Reduction factor for PY. This factor times PY gives the design
strength value (REDPY x Py) used by the BS5950 design code in
GTSTRUDL. Generally used to account for material property
changes at high temperatures.
REDE
1.0
F - 22
Appendix F.4
BS5950 Code PARAMETERS
Parameter
Name
Default
Value
Slenderness Ratio
SLENCOMP Computed
SLENTEN
Computed
FRLEY
1.0
FRLEZ
1.0
NO
KY
1.0
Effective length factor for buckling about the local Y axis of the
member.
KZ
1.0
Effective length factor for buckling about the local Z axis of the
member.
F - 23
Appendix F.4
BS5950 Code PARAMETERS
Parameter
Name
Default
Value
SDSWAYY
YES
SDSWAYZ
YES
GAY
Computed
GAZ
Computed
GBY
Computed
GBZ
Computed
Buckling Length
LY
Computed
Unbraced length for buckling about the local Y axis of the profile.
Computed as length of member.
LZ
Computed
Unbraced length for buckling about the local Z axis of the profile.
Computed as length of member.
FRLY
1.0
FRLZ
1.0
F - 24
Appendix F.4
BS5950 Code PARAMETERS
Parameter
Name
Default
Value
YES
N or n
1.0
LE
LY
FRLE
1.0
Combined Stresses
AXEFF
0.0
Axial stress reduction factor indicating the amount of the axial stress
which is to be deducted from a corresponding bending stress acting
in the opposite direction.
MY or my
Computed
MZ or mz
Computed
F - 25
Appendix F.4
BS5950 Code PARAMETERS
Parameter
Name
Default
Value
DESTLDY3
YES
DESTLDZ4
YES
Force Limitation
FXMIN
2.224 (N)
FYMIN
2.224 (N)
FZMIN
2.224 (N)
MYMIN
88.964
(mm-N)
Only the "LOADS list" or the "ALL LOADS" option of the PARAMETERS command are
applicable to parameter DESTLDY.
4
Only the "LOADS list" or the "ALL LOADS" option of the PARAMETERS command are
applicable to parameter DESTLDZ.
F - 26
Appendix F.4
BS5950 Code PARAMETERS
Parameter
Name
Default
Value
MZMIN
88.964
(mm-N)
Output Processing
SUMMARY
NO
TRACE
4.0
VALUES
1.0
F - 27
Appendix F.4
BS5950 Code PARAMETERS
Notes:
1. The value of m is computed for the I shapes, channels, and structural tubing
only.
2. When the specified value for the parameter 'n' (factor n of BS 5950: Part 1:
1990) is not equal to 1.0, the value for mz is set equal to 1.0.
3. The destabilizing load can be specified by the parameters DESTLDY and
DESTLDZ.
4. is the ratio of the smaller member end moment to the larger member end
moment.
Figure F.4-1
F - 28
Appendix F.4.1
Steel Grades Based on the BS5950 Design Code
Appendix F.4.1
Steel Grades Based on the
1990 British Standard 5950 Specification
Steel Grade
Thickness,
less than
or equal to
(mm)
Yield Strength
Py
FYLD
(N/mm2)
43
16.0
275.0
40.0
265.0
63.0
255.0
100.0
245.0
16.0
355.0
40.0
345.0
63.0
340.0
100.0
325.0
16.0
450.0
25.0
430.0
40.0
415.0
63.0
400.0
50
55
F - 29
Appendix F.4.2
Effective Length (LE) Used by the BS5950 Design Code
Appendix F.4.2
Effective Length LE Used by the
1990 British Standard 5950 Specification
Conditions of restraint at
supports
Alternate values
for Parameter
LE
Loading conditions
Normal
Destabilizing
DESTLDZ = NO
DESTLDZ = YES
FRLE*LY
FRLE*LY
LY
A1
0.7LY
0.85LY
A2
0.85LY
1.0LY
A3
1.0LY
1.2LY
A4
1.0LY + 2D*
1.2LY + 2D*
A5
1.2LY + 2D*
1.4LY + 2D*
NO
YES
A2
LOAD 2
LOAD 5
MEMBER 1
A5
MEMBER 8
F - 30
$
$
$
$
LE
LE
LE
LE
=
=
=
=
Appendix F.5
TOWER2 Code PARAMETERS
Appendix F.5
TOWER2 Code Parameters
Parameter
Name
Default
Value
CODE
Required
TBLNAM
CODETOL
0.0
General:
Material Properties:
STEELGRD
A36
FYLD
Computed
FTS
Computed
OTHER
Choices are:
Slenderness Ratio:
SLENCOMP Computed
F - 31
Appendix F.5
TOWER2 Code PARAMETERS
Parameter
Name
Default
Value
SLENTEN
Computed
CONCNLD
Computed
RESTRAIN
Computed
KL/R
Computed
Buckling Length:
LX
Computed
Unbraced length for buckling about the X parallel leg axis of the
single angle profile (Figure C-2). Computed as length of member.
LY
Computed
Unbraced length for buckling about the Y parallel leg axis of the
single angle profile, and about the Y principle axis of the double
angle profile (Figure C-2). Computed as length of member.
LZ
Computed
Unbraced length for buckling about the local Z principle axis of both
the single and double angle profiles (Figure C-2). Computed as
length of member.
FRLX
1.0
FRLY
1.0
FRLZ
1.0
F - 32
Appendix F.5
TOWER2 Code PARAMETERS
Parameter
Name
Default
Value
25.0
W/T Ratio:
W/TMAX
Computed
HOLESOUT
Computed
HOLE/ROW
12.0
NUMBOLTS Computed
GAGE
0.0
PITCH
0.0
MAXNMBLT 100
F - 33
Appendix F.5.1
TOWER2 Code Default TYPE PARAMETERS
Appendix F.5.1
TOWER2 Code Default Values of PARAMETERS
Determined by the Value of the TYPE PARAMETER
Default
Specified TYPE
OTHER, TENCOMP
LEG
DBLANGLE
BERSURF
1.0
1.0
2.0
CONCNLD
NONE
NA
BOTH
HOLESOUT
1.0
2.0
2.0
LEGBOLTD
LONG
BOTH
B-B
RESTRAIN
NONE
NA
BOTH
SLENCOMP
200.0
150.0
200.0
0.9
1.0
1.0
SINGLE
DOUBLE
DOUBLE
Parameter
TENFACT
TYPSHEAR
NA = Not Applicable
Note:
For the purpose of determining defaults:
OTHER and TENCOMP
LEG
DBLANGLE
F - 36
Appendix F.5
TOWER2 Code PARAMETERS
Parameter
Name
Default
Value
0.85
DIABOLT
0.625(in)
PF
1.0
PUNCHHOL 0.125(in)
The difference between the diameter of the punched hole and the
diameter of the bolt.
TENFACT
Computed
A394
BOLTSHR
Computed
BOLTTENS
Computed
TYPSHEAR
Computed
BEARNGF
1.5
BERSURF
Computed
F - 34
See
Appendix F.5
TOWER2 Code PARAMETERS
Parameter
Name
Default
Value
NO
TRACE
4.0
VALUES
1.0
UNITS
CODEUNIT
F - 35
Appendix F.5.2
TOWER2 Code Bolt Strengths
Appendix F.5.2
Bolt TYPE and Associated Shear and Tensile Strengths
Bolt
Type
Shear
Strength (ksi)
Tensile
Strength (ksi)
A394
30.0
72.0
A307
30.0
60.0
A325
33.0
120.0
F - 37
Appendix F.6
NF83 Code PARAMETERS
Appendix F.6
NF83 Code Parameters
Parameter
Name
Default
Value
CODE
Required
TBLNAM
CODETOL
0.0
PF
1.0
General
SFNORMAL 0.6
SFSHEAR
0.4
Material Properties
SY
36.0(ksi)
SU
58.0(ksi)
REDE
1.0
F - 38
Appendix F.6
NF83 Code PARAMETERS
Parameter
Name
Default
Value
Slenderness Ratio
SLEND
0.0
SECNDARY NO
K-Factors
COMPK
NO
KY
1.0
Effective length factor for buckling about the local Y axis of the
profile. See Sections 2.3 and 2.4 for the GTSTRUDL computation
of the effective length factor, KY.
KZ
1.0
Effective length factor for buckling about the local Z axis of the
profile. See Sections 2.3 and 2.4 for the GTSTRUDL computation
of the effective length factor, KZ.
SDSWAYY
YES
SDSWAYZ
YES
F - 39
Appendix F.6
NF83 Code PARAMETERS
Parameter
Name
Default
Value
GAY
Computed
G-factor at the start joint of the member. GAY is used in the calculation of effective length factor KY (see parameter COMPK, KY, and
Sections 2.3 and 2.4).
GAZ
Computed
G-factor at the start joint of the member. GAZ is used in the calculation of effective length factor KZ (see parameter COMPK, KZ, and
Sections 2.3 and 2.4).
GBY
Computed
GBZ
Computed
Buckling Length
LY
Computed
Unbraced length for buckling about the local Y axis of the profile.
Computed as length of member.
LZ
Computed
Unbraced length for buckling about the local Z axis of the profile.
Computed as length of member.
FRLY
1.0
FRLZ
1.0
Warping Restraint
WARP-END
PIN-PIN
LWARP
Computed
F - 40
Appendix F.6
NF83 Code PARAMETERS
Parameter
Name
Default
Value
Bending Stress
CB
Computed
UNLCF
Computed
FRUNLCF
1.0
Combined Stresses
AXEFF
0.0
Axial stress reduction factor indicating the amount of the axial stress
which is to be deducted from a corresponding bending stress acting
in the opposite direction.
CMY
Computed
CMZ
Computed
Force Limitation
FXMIN
0.5(lb)
FYMIN
0.5(lb)
FZMIN
0.5(lb)
MXMIN
20.0(in-lb)
MYMIN
20.0(in-lb)
F - 41
Appendix F.6
NF83 Code PARAMETERS
Parameter
Name
Default
Value
MZMIN
20.0(in-lb)
NO
TRACE
4.0
VALUES
1.0
F - 42
Notes
NOTES:
Notes - 1
Notes
NOTES:
Notes - 2
INDEX
INDEX
Absolute Constraint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-27
ACI318-89 Design Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-109
3-47
ADDITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-10
ALL POINTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-55
Analysis Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-71
3-87
AS BEAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-39
2-39
AS COLUMN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-39
AS Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-39
AS TRUSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-39
ASD9 Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
D-2
3-8
Beam Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-93
..................................................
3-60
BS449 Code
...........................................................
D-12
BS5950 Code
..........................................................
D-16
3-9
Channel Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
D-3
CHECK Command
......................................................
2-45
CIRCLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-21
CODE
2-11
................................................................
3-102
........................................................
3-100
2-13
INDEX
CONSTANTS and Assumed Values for BSI BS8110 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-17
..........................
3-16
3-14
CONSTANTS Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-12
Constrainable Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-24
Constraint-Specs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-22
3-83
Cover specs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-66
Cracking
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-102, 3-104
2-53
........................................
2-55
CROSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-21
Default value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-8
DELETIONS
...........................................................
2-10
3-52
3-53
3-51
3-54
3-56
3-63
3-60
3-64
...............................................
3-107
3-66
DETAIL Command
......................................................
3-81
2-30
Distribute-Specs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-41
Double Angles Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
D-6
EC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-19
Element-Type-Specs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-43
I-2
INDEX
ELL
..................................................................
3-93
3-45
End-Specs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-48
Examples of GTSTRUDL Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A-3
3-48
FCP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-18
FCU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-18
3-41
FLEXURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-93
FLIST 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-66
FLIST 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-66
FLOOR Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-39
FRACTIONAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-30
....................................
3-4
FTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-37
Fundamental Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-4
FYLD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-37
...............................
3-5
GIRDER Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-27
3-33
3-30
3-31
2-67
GTTABLE
.............................................................
2-65
Batch Execution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-75
2-71
2-87
2-65
............................
2-68
...............................
2-66
.........................
2-89
INDEX
HOOPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-53
I Shape Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
D-2
..........................
D-12
Individual Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-9
3-93
3-3
3-72
JOIST types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-87
3-11
3-40
LL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-21
Load-Specs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-33, 38
Load duration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-102
LRFD2 Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
D-10
3-6
MATERIAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-6
....................................................
2-46
2-46
3-21
3-25
Member identifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-100
MEMBER list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-29
Member selection
.......................................................
2-34
3-74
Member-Type-Specs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-51
METHOD Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-7
NF83 Code
............................................................
D-20
Number of Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-30
3-41
I-4
INDEX
ONE WAY SLAB type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Orthogonal Buildings Modeling Commands
PARAMETERS Command
3-87
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-30
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
Parameter-Specs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-7
3-102
3-106
Pipe Shapes
............................................................
D-7
D-13
3-65
2-60
2-62
2-63
2-64
2-61
3-91
2-26
........................................
3-79
3-50
3-92
RECTANGLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-21
RECTANGULAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-93
3-1
INDEX
DESIGN DATA for Beams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-52
DESIGN DATA for Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-53
DESIGN DATA for Flat Plates and Flat Slabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-54
DESIGN DATA for Joists ( One-Way Ribbed Slabs ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-56
DESIGN DATA for Monolithic Beam-Column Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-63
DESIGN DATA for Structural Walls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-60
DESIGN DATA for Two-Way Solid Slabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-64
DESIGN LOAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-107
DETAIL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-81
END OF DEFINITION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-45
Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-104
FACE OF SUPPORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-48
FLOOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-39
Frame Analysis and Member Proportioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
Fundamental Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
GIRDER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-27
GRID DEFINITION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-31
GRID MEMBER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-33
Hoops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-53
Interpretation of Reinforced Concrete Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-93
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
JOINT DETAILS Command for Two-Way Slabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-72
MATERIAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
MEMBER DIMENSIONS (PRISMATIC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-21
MEMBER DIMENSIONS VARIABLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-25
MEMBER SIMILARITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-74
METHOD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-7
Orthogonal Buildings Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-30
PDELTA Analysis Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-102
PDELTA LOADING Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-106
I-6
INDEX
PRINT REINFORCEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-91
PROPORTION MEMBER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-79
Proportioning Reinforced Concrete Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-50
QUANTITY TAKEOFF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-92
SEGMENT Command for Two-Way Slabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-77
SLAB SUPPORTS Command for Two-Way Slabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-69
SLENDERNESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-103
WALL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-43
Reinforcing Bars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-8
Reinforcement Yielding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-102
Relational Constraint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-27
RL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-21
3-66
SECTION Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-29
SECTIONS/ALL SECTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-55
3-77
SEISMIC design
........................................................
3-84
SELECT Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-34
SHEAR
3-93
...............................................................
..................................................
2-14
.....................................................
2-14
D-4
3-69
..........................................
3-103
..............................................
3-103
D-7
Spacing-Specs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-31
Square and Rectangular Bar Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
D-8
Standard value
2-8
..........................................................
..............................................
3-83
INDEX
Steel Design Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
C-1
C-10
C-11
C-13
2-45
2-18
.........................
2-13
.......................................................
2-65
GTTABLE
2-3
2-22
PARAMETERS Command
PRINT Command
...........................................
2-7
.................................................
2-60
2-62
2-63
2-64
2-61
SECTION Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-29
SELECT Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-34
2-90
........................................
2-58
SUMMARIZE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-51
TAKE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-41
..................................................
2-91
..................................................
2-97
2-71
3-79
STEELGRD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-11
I-8
INDEX
STEEL TAKE OFF Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-58
STIRRUPS
3-52
............................................................
D-9
SUMMARIZE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-51
TABLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-66
TAKE Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-41
TBLNAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-11
Tee Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
D-5
TEE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-21
TIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-53
TOWER2 Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
D-17
TRACE
2-36
...............................................................
.......................................................
3-41
3-10
UNITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-57
......................................................
2-39
2-66
VARIABLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2-59
Variable-Specs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-26
Version
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
VTMIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-19
VTU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-19
VU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-19
WALL Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3-43
WALLS
...............................................................
3-60
3-80
I-9
INDEX
I - 10
General Comments:
END OF DOCUMENT