Professional Documents
Culture Documents
The Inflow of Roman Coins To The East-Of-The-Vistula Mazovia ('Mazowsze') and Podlachia ('Podlasie') / Andrzej Romanowski
The Inflow of Roman Coins To The East-Of-The-Vistula Mazovia ('Mazowsze') and Podlachia ('Podlasie') / Andrzej Romanowski
The Inflow of Roman Coins To The East-Of-The-Vistula Mazovia ('Mazowsze') and Podlachia ('Podlasie') / Andrzej Romanowski
GLASGOW 2011
British Academy
PROCEEDINGS OF THE
XIV th INTERNATIONAL NUMISMATIC CONGRESS
GLASGOW 2009
I
CONTENTS
Preface
Editors note
18
19
Inaugural lecture
A foreigners view of the coinage of Scotland, by Nicholas MAYHEW
23
Antiquity: Greek
I Delfini (distribuzione, associazioni, valenza simbolica), by Pasquale APOLITO
35
42
48
Up-to-date survey of the silver coinage of the Nabatean king Aretas IV, by Rachel
BARKAY
52
58
67
Not only art! The period of the signing masters and historical iconography,
by Maria CACCAMO CALTABIANO
73
81
89
97
105
114
123
CONTENTS
131
The coinage of the Scythian kings in the West Pontic area: iconography, by
Dimitar DRAGANOV
140
The royal archer and Apollo in the East: Greco-Persian iconography in the
Seleukid Empire, by Kyle ERICKSON & Nicholas L. WRIGHT
163
170
178
184
189
199
203
213
Archaic Greek coins east of the Tigris: evidence for circulation?, by J. KAGAN
230
237
246
251
The coinage of Chios during the Hellenistic and early Roman periods, by
Constantine LAGOS
259
265
CONTENTS
269
280
285
293
Some remarks concerning the gold coins with the legend , by Lucian
MUNTEANU
304
310
The coinage of the Paeonian kings Leon and Dropion, by Eftimija PAVLOVSKA
319
Le trsor des monnaies perses dor trouv Argamum / Orgam (Jurilovca, dp.
de Tulcea, Roumanie), by E. PETAC, G. TALMACHI & V. IONI
331
337
350
357
365
The coin finds from Hellenistic and Roman Berytas (fourth century BC third
century AD, by Ziad SAWAYA
376
382
Uso della moneta presso gli indigeni della Sicilia centro-meridionale, by Lavinia
SOLE
393
405
CONTENTS
417
427
436
Zur Datierung und Deutung der Beizeichen auf Stateren von Grtyn, by
Burkhard TRAEGER
441
447
461
473
487
The civic bronze coins of the Eleans: some preliminary remarks, by Franck
WOJAN
497
500
Antiquity: Roman
The coinage of Diva Faustina I, by Martin BECKMANN
509
514
The key to the Varus defeat: the Roman coin finds from Kalkriese, by Frank
BERGER
527
Monetary circulation in the Bosporan Kingdom in the Roman period c. first fourth century AD, by Line BJERG
533
The Roman coin hoards of the second century AD found on the territory of
present-day Serbia: the reasons for their burial, by Bojana BORI-BREKOVI
538
CONTENTS
Die Mnzprgung des Thessalischen Bundes von Marcus Aurelius bis Gallienus
(161-268 n. Chr.), by Friedrich BURRER
545
557
569
576
580
592
Analytical evidence for the organization of the Alexandrian mint during the
Tetrarchy (III-IV centuries AD), by J.M.COMPANA, L. LEN-REINA, F.J.
FORTES, L.M. CABALN, J.J. LASERNA, & M.A.G. ARANDA
595
605
613
621
629
635
Monuments on the move: architectural coin types and audience targeting in the
Flavian and Trajanic periods, by Nathan T. ELKINS
645
657
662
CONTENTS
668
New coins of pre- and denarial system minted outside Italy, by Paz GARCABELLIDO
676
686
696
709
Mars and Venus on Roman imperial coinage in the time of Marcus Aurelius:
iconological considerations with special reference to the emperors
correspondence with Marcus Cornelius Fronto, by Jrgen HAMER
715
The silver coins of Aegeae in the light of Hadrians eastern silver coinages, by F.
HAYMANN
720
726
732
742
749
757
765
772
The Nome coins: some remarks on the state of research, by Katarzyna LACH
780
785
CONTENTS
794
800
809
816
822
828
839
846
856
864
Die Sammlung von Lokalmythen griechischer Stdte des Ostens: ein Projekt der
Kommission fr alte Geschichte und Epigraphik, by Johannes NOLL
872
878
888
893
901
Could the unofficial mint called Atelier II be identified with the officinae of
Chteaubleau (France)?, by Fabien PILON
906
CONTENTS
911
916
926
933
941
A stone thesaurus with a votive coin deposit found in the sanctuary of Campo
della Fiera, Orvieto (Volsinii), by Samuele RANUCCI
954
964
973
Numismatics and archaeology in Rome: the finds from the Basilica Hilariana,
by Alessia ROVELLI
983
991
999
1004
1013
1019
1020
1025
CONTENTS
1037
The iconography of two groups of struck lead from Central Italy and Baetica in
the second and first centuries BC, by Clive STANNARD
1045
1056
Personalized victory on coins: the Year of the Four Emperors Greek imperial
issues, by Yannis STOYAS
1067
1073
1082
Gold and silver first tetrarchic issues from the mint of Alexandria, by D. Scott
VANHORN
1092
Note sulla circolazione monetaria in Etruria meridionale nel III secolo a.C., by
Daniela WILLIAMS
1103
Roman coins from the western part of West Balt territory, by Anna ZAPOLSKA
1115
Antiquity: Celtic
La moneda ibrica del nordeste de la Hispania Citerior: consideraciones sobre
su cronologa y funcin, by Marta CAMPO
1135
1142
1148
1155
Trading with silver bullion during the third century BC: the hoard of Armua de
Tajua, by Manuel GOZALBES, Gonzalo CORES & Pere Pau RIPOLLS
1165
1173
10
CONTENTS
1182
1191
1198
New coin finds from the two late Iron Age settlements of Altenburg (Germany)
and Rheinau (Switzerland) a military coin series on the German-Swiss border?,
by Michael NICK
1207
1218
Antiquity: general
La moneda en el mundo funerario-ritual de Gadir-Gades, by A. ARVALO
GONZLEZ
1231
Neues Licht auf eine alte Frage? Die Verwandschaft von Mnzen und Gemmen,
by Angela BERTHOLD
1240
Tipi del cane e del lupo sulle monete del Mediterraneo antico, by Alessandra
BOTTARI
1247
Not all these things are easy to read, much less to understand: new approaches to
reading images on ancient coins, by Geraldine CHIMIRRI-RUSSELL
1254
1261
Preliminary notes on Phoenician and Punic coins kept in the Pushkin Museum,
by S. KOVALENKO & L.I. MANFREDI
1266
Greek coins from the National Historical Museum of Rio de Janeiro: SNG
project, by Marici Martins MAGALHES
1278
1292
The sacred life of coins: cult fees, sacred law and numismatic evidence, by
Isabelle A. PAFFORD
1303
Anton Prokesch-Osten and the Greek coins of the coin collection at the
Universalmuseum Joanneum in Graz, Austria, by Karl PEITLER
1310
CONTENTS
11
1323
1334
Greek and Roman coins in the collection of the orum Museum, by D. zlem
YALCIN
1344
1355
1360
1372
1382
1392
1401
1408
1411
Norwegian bracteates during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, by Linn EIKJE
1418
1426
1431
1436
1441
12
CONTENTS
1452
1458
1464
Among farmers and city people: coin use in early medieval Denmark, c. 10001250, by Gitte Tarnow INGVARDSON
1470
1477
1492
Byzantine coins from the area of Belarus, by Krystyna LAVYSH & Marcin
WOOSZYN
1500
Die frheste Darstellung des Richters auf einer mittelalterlicher Mnze?, by Ivar
LEIMUS
1509
Coinage and money in the years of insecurity: the case of late Byzantine
Chalkidiki (thirteenth - fourteenth century), by Vangelis MALADAKIS
1517
1535
The money of the First Crusade: the evidence of a new parcel and its
implications, by Michael MATZKE
1542
1552
1557
1564
1570
CONTENTS
13
1580
1591
The discovery of a hoard of coins dated to the fifth and sixth centuries in
Klapavice in the hinterland of ancient Salona, by Tomislav EPAROVI
1597
1605
1614
1620
1625
1633
1640
1649
1664
1671
1679
The money box system for savings in Amsterdam, 1907-1935, by G.N. BORST
1687
1693
14
CONTENTS
1704
1713
1719
1725
1734
1744
1748
Representaciones del caf en el acervo de numismtica del Museu Paulista USP, by Angela Maria Gianeze RIBEIRO
1752
Freiburg im echtland und die Mnzreformen der franzsischen Knige (16891726), by Nicole SCHACHER
1758
1765
1774
The political context of the origin and the exportation of thaler-coins from
Jchymov (Joachimsthal) in the first half of the sixteenth century, by Petr
VOREL
1778
The late sixteenth-century Russian forged kopecks, which were ascribed to the
English Muscovy Company, by Serguei ZVEREV
1783
1789
1796
CONTENTS
15
1807
1813
1821
1826
Numismatic research in Japan today: coins, paper monies and patterns of usage.
Paper money in early modern Japan: economic and folkloristic aspects, by
Keiichiro KATO
1832
1841
A study of medieval Chinese coins from Karur and Madurai in Tamil Nadu, by
KRISHNAMURTHY RAMASUBBAIYER
1847
1852
Silver fragments of unique Byid and amdnid coins and their role in the Kel
hoard (Czech Republic), by Vlastimil NOVK
1862
Numismatic evidence for the location of Saray, the capital of the Golden Horde,
by A.V. PACHKALOV
1869
Le regard des voyageurs sur les monnaies africaines du XVIe au XIXe sicles, by
Josette RIVALLAIN
1874
Les imitations des dirhems carrs almohades: apport des analyses lmentaires,
by A. TEBOULBI, M. BOMPAIRE & M. BLET-LEMARQUAND
1884
1890
Glass jetons from Sicily: new find evidence from the excavations at Monte Iato,
by Christian WEISS
1897
Medals
Joseph Kowarzik (1860-1911): ein Medailleur der Jahrhundertwende, by
Kathleen ADLER
1907
16
CONTENTS
1920
1931
1937
1945
The rediscovery of the oldest private medal collection of the Netherlands, by Jan
PELSDONK
1959
1965
Shines with unblemished honour: some thoughts on an early nineteenthcentury medal, by Tuukka TALVIO
1978
General numismatics
Dalliconografia delle monete antiche allideologia della nazione future.
Proiezioni della numismatica grecista di DAnnunzio sulla nuova monetazione
Sabauda, by Giuseppe ALONZO
1985
1993
The Count of Caylus (1692-1765) and the study of ancient coins, by Franois de
CALLATA
1999
2004
2012
2017
A prosopography of the mint officials: the Eligivs database and its evolution, by
Luca GIANAZZA
2022
2027
CONTENTS
17
2036
2044
Foundation of the Hellenic World. A new private collection open to the public,
by Eleni PAPAEFTHYMIOU
2046
2047
2058
2072
2082
2089
2100
From the electrum to the Euro: a journey into the history of coins. A multimedia
presentation by the Bank of Cyprus Cultural Foundation, by Eleni ZAPITI
2102
Highlights from the Museum of the George and Nefeli Giabra Pierides
Collection, donated by Clio and Solon Triantafyllides: coins and artefacts, by
Eleni ZAPITI & Evangeline MARKOU
2112
Index of Contributors
2118
2
Categories of finds: single finds - 210, graveyard finds - 23, settlement
finds - 12, hoards - 19, coin finds in early medieval contexts - 4.
974
ANDRZEJ ROMANOWSKI
Fig. 2. Dispersion of Roman coin finds (Romanowski 2000, map 1, pp. 182-83, developed by M.
Rycka).
The Republic
From the study area of interest we have 14 finds of Republican coinage.3 The oldest of these is a subaeratus of L. Cupiennius from 147 BC; the youngest is a Julius Caesar issue from 46-45 BC. It we accept that
the dates of the younger issues are approximately the same as the date of their outflow from the Roman
commonwealth, we may assume that they reached the study area in the late 1st century BC or in the early
1st century AD; at this time this territory was settled by the people of the Przeworsk Culture, who are
identified with the Vandals.4 It is possible that the inflow of these coins was connected indirectly to the
developments of the early first century, which took place in the limes region and closer to our study area.5
Presumably some of the Republican coins could have surfaced in eastern Mazovia together
with later imperial coinage; however, so far we have no record of Republican coins discovered
in hoards from the second and third centuries of our era. As it is, from the territory of Poland we
know of only ten such deposits;6 their archaeological context suggests that this first stream of Roman coinage was linked to Przeworsk settlement. Let us note at this point that from the region of
Pomorze, to the north of our study area, we have just seven finds of Republican coinage; during the
3
Three further denarii are known from even more recent finds: from the
region of Siemiatycze (2) and Mawa (1).
4
Kaczanowski / Kozowski 1998, p. 283; Kokowski 2006, p. 153.
5
The rise of the Pannonian and Dalmatian tribes in AD 6-9, revolt of
the legions in Pannonia in AD 14, the developments in the kingdom of
975
Early Roman Period, that is early first to mid-second century AD, this region was already being settled by the people of the Wielbark Culture, who are identified as Gothic tribes.7 All the Republican
coins from eastern Mazovia come from stray finds, so we cannot establish how long they remained
in circulation. However, their worn condition suggests that their period of use was fairly long.
Based on the above remarks we may conclude that the main addressees of the first stream of Roman
coinage were the people of the Przeworsk Culture; next, that the inflow of Republican coins to eastern
Mazovia was insubstantial and in the form of single coins; presumably, it documents contacts with kinsmen settled to the west of the Vistula. Let us add, that from the study area we have a record also of three
coins of Augustus; presumably, their presence on this territory can be linked to finds of Republican coins.
Fig. 3. Polish territory in the first half of the second century AD (base map Kokowski 2006, map
10, p. 167).
The Empire
A small number of issues of the first emperors 8 - Tiberius, Claudius and Nero - probably belong
with coinage which reached the study area before the wave of 2nd century denarii. It seems that
the inflow of Roman coinage to the region during the first decades of the 1st century of our era was
insignificant. Single specimens are occasionally seen in later deposits from other parts of Poland,
but as yet we have no such cases from eastern Mazovia.
Among issues from the first century AD, more prominent are coins of Vespasian (AD 69-79)
and, to a lesser degree, of the three following emperors Titus, Domitian and Nerva. Some of these
coins occurred in hoards of later date, but in this case we can probably speak of a fairly regular inflow of coins; perhaps it was linked to commercial contacts.9 We have a large group of issues from
7
8
9
The majority of coins of these emperors were recorded as single finds
and settlement finds.
976
ANDRZEJ ROMANOWSKI
the period of five emperors, Trajan (AD 98-117) to Commodus (AD 180-192) - 773 specimens, or
70.4 % of all finds. Of these, the largest number are issues of Antoninus Pius (AD 138-161) - 255
specimens - and Marcus Aurelius (AD 161-180) - 232 issues. We connect this situation, as in the
neighbouring regions (except for the territory settled by Balt tribes), with political and military activity of Rome at the time of the Marcomannic wars. The addressees of this wave of Roman coinage
were mainly the people of the Wielbark Culture, who by the second half of the second century had
started to settle in the study area.10 After issues dated to the reign of Commodus we see an abrupt
decline in the number of finds of individual issues; this translates into an overall decrease in coin
finds. Let us note that this is a development which has a wider range and background. Presumably,
it was the result of change in the political situation; there was no longer a need for such major
involvement of financial resources of the Empire in the zone of the central European Barbaricum.
The small number of coin finds of later emperors, apart from two exceptions, in general continues
without much change until the last issues recorded. The first exception is a stream of gold coinage,
which is recorded on our territory around the middle of the third century. From this period we have
aurei of Gordian III, Philip the Arab, but above all of Decius. They fit in the horizon of finds of thirdcentury gold coins which is observed also in other regions of Poland and can be linked with the wars
waged by Gothic tribes against the Roman Empire.11 There is also a very small peak of coin finds of
Constantinian emperors;12 this may document a period of temporary greater stability for the Empire.
Later emperors are very poorly represented, if at all. The youngest coins date from the late fourth and
early fifth centuries. Finally, our record includes a single bronze coin of emperor Leo I (457-474).13
Fig. 4. Polish territory after the Marcomannic Wars (base map Kokowski 2006, map 22, p. 320).
Kokowski 2004, p. 234.
Bursche 1988, p. 44; the author links this stream of coins with tribute
paid to Goths by the Empire.
12
Kunisz 1969, p. 136.
10
11
13
977
Hoards
Of Roman coin finds from our study area, 65.3% (717 specimens) come from hoards. Analysis
of this sort of deposit leads us to conclude that the hoards are made up mostly of typical series of
coins which were reaching the area of the central European Barbaricum (with the exception of
Balt territory).14 The main elements of hoards are second-century denarii, issues of Trajan to Commodus. It seems possible that the coin series are original in character; their chronological structure
suggests that they were one-off payments.15 We can link this situation with a mass outflow of denarii from the Empire to the North in the times of Marcus Aurelius and Commodus, and interpret
these payments as the result of political contacts - tribute payments, war contributions or the
ransoming of hostages.16 Absence from hoards of denarii from before the reign of Nero suggests
that these deposits were put together after AD 107.17
There is an observable tapering off of the denarii in hoards starting from the time of Septimius
Severus. This is connected with the already mentioned reduced inflow of coins, which could have
resulted from the political situation of the time. In the early days of Septimius Severus there was
a reform of the Roman army and the border on the Danube was made stronger. This made it less
necessary to buy peace from barbarian tribes than in the reigns of Marcus Aurelius and Commodus.
The next reason for the great reduction in the inflow of Roman coinage may have been the economic
crisis of the 3rd century within the Empire with the resulting weakening of commercial exchange.
From the study area we have a remarkable deposit of gold coins from the locality of Stara
Wie, in eastern Mazovia. It consists of 22 fragments of aurei, issues of Gordian III to Decius; this
deposit was discovered in a cemetery of the Wielbark Culture.18 It is possible to interpret it as war
booty, taken during wars waged by Gothic tribes against the Roman Empire during this period; this
is suggested by the way in which these coins were deposited.19
Closing remarks
We have assumed that the date of issue of the coins corresponds approximately to the time of
their outflow from the Roman Empire. Therefore we may conclude that the main body of coinage from finds recorded in eastern Mazovia and Podlachia (in particular the denarii) belongs to a
wave which crossed the limes during the reigns of Marcus Aurelius and Commodus, and perhaps
also a little later - during the reign of Septimius Severus. During the reign of these emperors denarii were taken across the limes in consequence of political decisions. It is possible that Roman
coinage reached our study region as a result of exchange between tribes, perhaps exchange in the
nature of a ceremonial circulation of gifts.20
The chronological structure of single finds and finds from settlements from eastern Mazovia
and Podlachia is, to a great extent, similar to the structure of hoards. This suggests a fairly strong
relationship between the mass of coinage which remained in the deposits and Roman coins circulating in this area. It is possible that the local market was largely supplied from resources amassed
by the local elites and complemented the demand for coinage.21 This could have become particuBursche 2004, pp. 195-96.
The subject is raised in Cioek 2002, pp. 73-75.
16
Bursche 2004, pp. 197-98.
17
The reform carried out that year by Trajan made it necessary to
withdraw from the market all denarii and aurei issued before the reforms of
Nero of AD 63.
18
The coins had been buried between the graves, placed in four pits
(peg-holes?) having a diameter of 5 cm, in a semi-circle, some 50 cm in
14
15
diameter. In each of these pits lay a certain quantity of quartered gold coins.
Nine fragments were pierced.
19
This interpretation is offered by A. Bursche, who draws attention to
the short time span of the coins, the fact that they had been hacked into
fragments (quarters), thus defaced as in bog deposits of booty taken from
the enemy, arranged in a half-circle within the gravefield.
20
Bursche 2004, pp. 197-201.
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ANDRZEJ ROMANOWSKI
larly important in the face of a reduced inflow of Roman coins, especially of silver issues, early in
the third century.22
The main metal was silver23 - mainly second- and third-century denarii.24 Our record includes
also a single drachma, some (intentionally silver) subaerati,25 and a few antoniniani, a stream
of which reached our study area during the second half of the third century and late in the same
century.26 The next group comprises bronze coins; these are mostly single finds.27 They include
mainly sestertii and asses from the first to the third century, as well as a few dupondii and small
fourth-century bronzes. If we take into account that the number of silver and bronze coins is
comparable,28 and the time of their issue too, we can observe a considerable intensification of the
inflow of late bronze coins. Gold coins are in terms of quantity the third largest group,29 of which
the main part are aurei (83.8 % of all gold coins). Rare issues of these coins date mainly from the
second half of the third century. Our record includes also single gold numismates from other periods second and third century30 - and a handful of fourth-century coins.
The majority of coins discovered in eastern Mazovia and Podlachia were minted in the city
of Rome. This indicates a western provenance for the coin finds and in the general direction from
which they flowed to our area. Presumably they were redistributed farther afield, northwards, by
way of the Danubian provinces of the Empire,31 and as a next step by the peoples settled on the
territory south of todays Poland.32 The number of issues which have a different provenance is
too small to draw any far-reaching conclusions. Let us note, however, the presence of a handful
of coins from other western mints, and eastern too, which suggests that coinage may have flowed
to our area also down a different route. This wave peaked during the fourth century and is documented by finds of small bronzes.33
It follows from all of the above considerations that the inflow of Roman coinage to eastern
Mazovia and Podlachia was similar in form to that in the neighbouring territory and fits well the
general outlook of the situation in central European Barbaricum during the Roman Period.
21
Tribal elders, as well as paying for goods and services, may have
redistributed the amassed resources differently, eg, by sharing out the
money a part of which, being plunder or tribute payment, may have been
considered common property.
22
This would explain the extended time of circulation of the denarii in
Barbaricum.
23
89.4 % of all coins detected.
24
They make up 85.3 % of silver coins and 76.3 % of all coins recorded.
25
Let it be noted that a group of 116 silver coins of undetermined
denomination is most probably made up largely of denarii, suggesting
these finds ought to be dated to the second century after Christ.
26
In the study area we may observe a relatively broad time span of the
date of issuing of the coin finds, most of which originate from the 270s and
later decades of the 3rd century. The number of third-century antoniniani
is observably lower than elsewhere in Poland in Maopolska, lsk or
Pomorze.
27
They account for 5.5 % of all coins.
28
About 30 in each.
979
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Bursche A. (1988), Kontakty Cesarstwa Rzymskiego z ludnoci kultury wielbarskiej w III i IV
w. w wietle rde numizmatycznych, in: Gurba, J. / Kokowski, A. (red.), Kultura wielbarska w
modszym okresie rzymskim, (materiay z konferencji), t. I, Lublin, pp. 37-48.
Bursche, A. (2004), Dalsze monety ze skarbu w Liwie, powiat Wgrw. Trzeciowieczne denary
na terenach Barbaricum, in: Kaczanowicz, W. (red.), Studia z dziejw antyku. Pamici Profesora
Andrzeja Kunisza., Katowice, pp. 192-205.
Cioek R. (2002), Znaleziska monet rzymskich na Pomorzu, Warszawa. (Praca dokto przechowywana w bibliotece Instytutu Archeologii Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego).
Godowski K. (1965), Wymiana handlowa ludnoci kultury przeworskiej na Grnym lsku z
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Poacu, pow. Staszw, in: Rocznik muzeum witokrzyskiego, t. VI, Krakw, pp. 103-59.
Kunisz A. (1973), Katalog skarbw monet rzymskich odkrytych na Ziemiach polskich, in: Materiay do prahistorii ziem polskich, t. V: Epoka elaza, z. 5: Okres rzymski, Warszawa.
Romanowski A. (2008), Rechtsufrigen Masowien und Podlachien, in: Die Fundmnzen der Rmischen Zeit in Polen, Wetteren.
980
ANDRZEJ ROMANOWSKI
Fig.
g 5.
235-305
Fig. 6.
Fig. 7.
Fig. 8.
981
982
ANDRZEJ ROMANOWSKI
Fig. 9
TABLE 1. Metal and the denomination of coins in east-of-the-Vistula Mazovia and Podlachia finds.
AV
AR
Au
Qn
Sol
Bn
Mdl undet. D
26
An
838 9
Total AV: 31
Metal undet.
AE
Dr
As
Dp
Fol
Cen undet
117
11
10
16
12
Total AE: 61
20
24
Total und.: 24
Total: 1098
TABLE 2. Metal and the denomination of coins in east-of-the-Vistula Mazovia and Podlachia hoards.
AV
AR
AE
Metal undet.
Au
Qn
Bn
An
Dr
undet.
Fol
22
573
112
Total AE: 4
Total undet.: 2
Total AV: 24
Total : 717