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x
x
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n
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a
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x
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p
n
p
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n +
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m
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a
ax + k
1
x + k
2
1
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x
x
1
x
1
x
x
x r +1
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r +1
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m
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1
x
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c.
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a
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v ' (x )
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1
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r +1
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u (x )
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sin (ax + b )
1
sin (ax + b ) + k
a
1
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a
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I 3 d!==4b a
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a
b
b
b
b
b
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a
a
a
a
a
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b
c
b
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f
f
a
a
c f (x ) dx
co
m
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a
c.
os
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b
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a
x [a,b ]
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b
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x = b x = a
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x
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m
1
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x
x
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y
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y
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a
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x
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x
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ln x
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co
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ln x #
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lim loga x =
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loga x > logay x > y
lim loga x = +
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x +
lim loga x = +
lim loga x =
x 0+
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1
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exp W!
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lim
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27
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30
y ' = ay + b
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y ''+ ay '+ by = 0
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u = a + b + c
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M (S ) AM . BM = 0 WD
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(S ) H0/ (P )
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W 0;QM
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(p n ) * ==!4 p n =
W.!4 n L =!4 p 3!-O#
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sin x
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cos (a - b ) = cos a cos b + sin a sin b
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1 + tan a tan b
tan (a + b ) =
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1 - tan a tan b
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t = tan
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a
WHA
2
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1 + t
1 - t
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sin a sin b = [ cos (a + b ) cos (a b )]
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sin a cos b = [ sin (a + b ) sin (a b )]
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a
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a + b
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39