Tissues

Cells are organized

into groups and
layers called
tissues

Each type of tissue is

composed of cells that are
similar and that carry on
specific functions

Four major tissues types

Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous

Epithelial Tissues
Form protective coverings
Function in protection, secretion,
absorption, excretion
Found throughout the body - Cover
body surfaces like the skin
Cover and line hollow internal organs
Compose glands

Epithelial Tissues
Always have a free surface, meaning
that a surface is exposed to the
outside or to an open space internally

Free surfaces of
epithelial cells are
modified to reflect
specialized functions

The underside of the free

surface tissue is anchored
to connective tissue by a
thin layer that is non-living,
called the basement
membrane.

Epithelial tissues
continue
Typically lack blood vessels get
nutrients from connective tissue
Epithelial cells divide easily so
injuries heal quickly (skin)
Epithelial cells are tightly
packed, form protective barriers
like outer layer of skin, lining of
mouth

Classification of epithelial
cells is based on shape and
number of layers of cells.
The basic shapes of epithelial
cells include:
Squamous layers of thin,
flattened cells
Cuboidal cube-shaped cells
Columnar tall, elongated cells

Squamous Cell

Cuboidal Cell

Columnar Cell

Layers of Epithelial Cells

Simple single layer
Stratified two or more layers of cells
Pseudostratified
Lines the respiratory system (trachea,
lungs, etc)

Transitional epithelium
Specialized to change in response to
increased tension - tissue stretches in
response

Glandular epithelium

Connective Tissues
What they do
Bind structures/support/protect
Serve as frameworks
Store fats/produce blood cells
Help repair tissue damage
Most have good blood
supply/nourishment

Connective Tissues
What they are
Can be rigid like bone and
cartilage

Can be flexible like adipose

(fat) tissue (or Charmin???)

Components of
Connective Tissue
Cell types
Fibroblasts
Macrophages or
WBCs
Mast cells

Tissue fibers
Collagenous
Elastic
Reticular

Categories of Connective
Tissue
Loose connective
tissue
Binds skin to
organs
Fills spaces
between muscles

Adipose
Fatty tissue
Lies beneath skin

Reticular
provides framework
for liver, spleen

Dense connective
tissue
Cartilage
Rigid provides support
Chondrocytes are
cartilage cells
The most common type of
cartilage is hyaline (like
the soft part of your nose)

Bone
Osteocytes are bone cells

Blood

Muscle tissue:
Able to contract/shorten
The most widely dispersed type of tissue
in the human body is muscle tissue
Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac
About 40% of body is skeletal muscle
About 10% of body is either smooth or
cardiac

Skeletal muscle
Found in the muscles that
attach to bones
Conscious, voluntary movement
Has long threadlike cells that
have alternating light and dark
markings called striations
Skeletal muscles are also called
striated voluntary muscles

Smooth muscle tissue

Cells do not have striations
Compose the walls of hollow
internal organs
Movement is involuntary humans
cannot controlexample is
movement thru the digestive tract
Also called nonstriated
involuntary

Cardiac muscle tissue

Only in the heart
Striated, branched, and joined
end-to-end
Involuntary action, humans
cannot control (mostly)
Also called striated involuntary

What do you know about your nerves?????

NERVOUS TISSUE

Nervous Tissues
Found in brain, spinal cord, peripheral
nerves
Neurons (nerve cells) sense certain types
of changes in their surroundings and
transmit nerve impulses along axons to
other neurons, muscles, glands
Coordinate, regulate and integrate many
body functions
Nervous, or neural tissue is specialized
for the conduction of electrical impulses