MUSCULOSKELETAL

SYSTEM

The Skeletal
System
Protects and
supports body
organs
Provides a
framework for
muscles
Blood cells formed
within bones
Stores minerals

Bone- hardest tissue in body consist of

80% organic and inorganic material and
20 % of water. Bone cells are called
osteocytes.
Func. of bones :- 1. provide framework to
the body.
2. gives attachment to muscles and
tendons
3. permit movement of the body as a
whole and parts of the body by forming
joints.
4. are site of blood cells development
5. provide reservoir for calcium.

Joints- site at which any 2 or more

bone come together.Joint can be

broadly classified as of 3 types :1. Fibrous or fixed joints-immovable,
fibrous tissue between bones.
e.g.between bones of the skull.
2. Cartilaginous or slightly movable
joints-have a pad of cartilaginous
between ends of bones making up
the joints allowing very slight
movement caused by compression
of the pad. e.g joint between bones

3. Synovial or freely movable jointsThese joints allows maximum

movement and are classified according
to the range of movement possible.
a) ball and socket joint
b) Hinge joint
c)Gliding joint
d) pivot joint
e) Saddle joint

MUSCULAR SYSTEM

The Muscular System

Allows

manipulation of
environment
Locomotion
Facial expression
Maintains posture
Produces heat

The
Muscular
System
The ability to move is an
essential activity of the
human body
our body weight comes
from muscles
Consists of over 600
individual muscles.
3 purposes:
Body movement
Body shape
Body heat (maintain temp.)

The Muscular
System
Body movements
are determined by
three types of
muscles
Smooth
(involuntary)
cannot be
controlled by will.
Cardiac control
the contractions of
the heart.
Skeletal (Voluntary)
can be controlled
by will.

Function of Skeletal
muscles
Attach to bones
to provide voluntary
movement
Tendons: strong, tough connective cords
Fascia: tough, sheet-like membrane

Produce heat and energy for the body

Help maintain posture
Protect internal organs
Called striated (striped) because they
have striations of alternating light and
dark band

Functions contd.
Fleshy body parts are made of skeletal muscles
Provide movements to the limbs, but contract
quickly, fatigue easily and lack the ability to
maintain contraction for long periods
Blinking eyes, talking, breathing, eating, dancing and
writing all produced by these muscles

Function of Smooth Muscle

Called smooth muscle because they are unmarked
by striations, small spindle shaped
Unattached to bones, act slowly, do not tire easily
and can remain contracted for a long time
Not under conscious control so they are also called
involuntary muscles
Found in walls of internal organs (intestines,
bladder, stomach, uterus, blood vessels)

Function of cardiac muscle

Found only in the heart

Involuntary muscle
Requires a continuous supply of oxygen to function
Cardiac muscle cells begin to die after 30 seconds
of oxygen cut-of
Striated and branched

Characteristics of Muscles
All muscles have 4 common characteristics
Excitability ability to respond to a stimulus (ie: nerve
impulse)
Contractibility muscle fibers that are stimulated by
nerves contract (become shorter) and causes
movement
Extensibility ability to be stretched
Elasticity allows the muscle to return to its original
shape after it has been stretched

 FIBROMYALGIA
Chronic,
widespread pain in
specific muscle
site; numbness and
tingling in arms or
legs; headaches
Cause unknown
Treat symptoms
pain relief; stress
reduction and
muscle relaxers

MUSCULAR
DYSTROPHY
Group of inherited
diseases that
cause chronic,
progressive muscle
atrophy resulting in
total disability and
early death
No cure
Treatment used to
slow progression of
disease

 MYASTENIA GRAVIS
Chronic condition
where nerve impulses
are not transmitted
correctly leading to
progressive muscular
weakness and
paralysis; afects
respiratory muscles
and can be fatal
Cause unknown
Treatment is
supportive

MUSCLE
SPASMS/CRAMPS
Sudden, painful
involuntary muscle
contractions
Caused from
overexertion, low
electrolytes or poor
circulation
Treat by applying
gentle pressure and
stretching of the
afected muscle

 STRAIN
Overstretching of a
muscle or tendon
frequently in legs,
back or arms
Caused by sudden
muscle exertion
Treated by resting,
muscle relaxants, or
pain medications,
elevation of
extremity and
applying hot/cold
compresses