(

THE

OF

JOURNAL

HORTICULTUKE,
GARDENEE,

COTTAGE

aEKTLEM^N,

COUNTRY
AND

BEE-KEEPEE,

JOURNAL

OF

GARDENING,

EURAL

DOMESTIC

AND

ECONOMY,

CONDUCTED

W.

GEORGE

THE

THE

AND
KITCHfiN
FRUIT
GARDENS,
by Mr.
Gardener
to Viscount
Holmesdale, M.P., Linton
J. Douglas, The Gardens, Losford
Hall, Essex.

J.

Robson,
Park; and

FLORISTS'
FLOWERS
Dombrain,

AND

FLORICULTURE,

VO

BEE-KEEPING,
HOUSEHOLD
others.

by the Rev. H. H.

NBTV

XXI.,
YOL.

by Mr. William

by Mr.

J.

LL.D.

Keane.

Baily; E. Hewitt, Esg. ; and

AVIARY
PIGEONS,
BIRDS, "c., by "Wiltshire
Blakston, Esq., and others.

by Mr. K. Fish,

LTJJVXB

HISTORY.

HOGG,

CALENDAR,

POULTRY-KEEPING,
L. Wright, Esq.

FLOWER
GARDEN,
by Mr. G. Abbey ; Mr. T. Record, Gardener
the Marquis of Salisbury,HatBeld
House ; and Mr. E. Luckhurst, Old Lands, Busted, Susses.
and
"WINDOW
GREENHOUSE,
GARDEN,
Gardener,Putteridge Buiy, near Luton.

NATURAL

AND

ROBERT

and

GARDENING

to

STOVE,

BOTANY,

BY

E.R.H.S.,

JOHNSON,

CHEONICLE.

POULTEY

XLYI.,

OLD

by
ARTS,

"

B. " W. ; "

by the

and

Authoress

Rector;"

Mr. S. Bevan
of "My

FOE

THE

Fos.

SBIilES.
SERIES.

PROPRIETORS,
1871.

,^17?,
FLEET

A.

Flowers," and

LONDON:
PUBLISHED

W.

STREET.

JSS65

LONDON
:

FEINTED

AT

THE

JOURNAL

OF

HORTICtJLTUKE

171,
FLEET

STREET.

OFFICE,

18, 1872. ]

Janufuy

JOUENAL

OF

HORTICULTURE

TO

"It

is most

before

uureasonable

for six
I have

"

Selden

that

months,
been

to

so

see

born, and

was

to write

me

off fqr

am

that

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

READERS.

usual

our

Preface.

fallowing, and

close

Fig-orcharding

some

in

OUR

ask

you

now

AND

cottage is the

day's fallow

it.

honest

and

hand

own

had

not

to have

his

by

carved

warning

I have

mean

cottage where

the

to

moderate

and

knife

John

Thief,

'
"

avaunt!"

"

Now,

in the

and

domestic, not

the

riches.
"

which
it

Looking

to

from

written

might

continue

introduce

copying

and

cover,

he

might give

that

readers, also, that

our
we

bear

all

emphasis

on

the

last

said

for not

us

we

'

are

commended

Jowitt

And

round

little

"

To
have

have

been
"

New

Then

your
"

We

of

for
'

ours

us

be

to

'

shadows

never

for

only

must

you

have

Who

but

never

said

Tlje Editor
addition.

an

who

and

Tell

Editors

we

suffer
things,

returned

paying

did

we

gentle

the

types of Christian

and

carriage;

them, in addition, that

that
we

the
she

trust

land

are

to

answers

speciallystate

not

are

long, and

the

old dame

had

"

put
who

man

who

Bantam

they will duly"

liberalities.

other

and

say

yet

The

civil to

very

all

have

without

sent

months.

something

say

stale and

'

of
something courteous ; slide in that some
as
vigorous as those stalwart chaps who

are

old

our

unprofitable.' Perhaps

you

chaps

will like that.

readers.'

Don't

say

anything about

it all in the

embody

may

Happy

Spanish greeting.

be less.'

anything

And

Eeply by

Show

felt that

endure

would

we

Jowitt.'

difficulties.'

since

staff-contributors

many

little Dr.

under

Editors,' because

and

as

bad

long

twenty-four years,

for

it

things,and

all

to

What

"

they obtained

whence

in hand, stirringa bit of parterre

of whom
Jowitt, of Oxford memory,

garden made,
placed a little iialisade.
garden taketh little wit to eliow it,

have

we

Fuddly-cum-Pipes

Years, that's

May

word.

correspondents

written
'

contemporaries, foreign

our

little

gardening

type, superior paper,

new

our

of little Dr.

me

little wit

naming forty-five
plants he

the

at

'

things,hope

totallyunfit

appreciateour

them

clinging to

as

Charity, for
abused

neighbour, trowel

Dr.

And

an

see

of

some

acknowledging

without

pages

reminds

"Tell

our

"

'

You

warning

that when

from

lodging window

my

tablecloth would

was

prefaceyou

advertisers,so be civil
shall

make

I do
the

to be

distant

for

ever

all my

to them

quote Cowley's lines

"

known,
own

'

inuendo.'

received the above

from

his Co-Editor

ventures

to

print it without

comment

or

Janufuy IS, 1872.]

JOURNAL

OF

AND

HOKTICULTURE

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

INDEX.

DAETviNir, 215; wistebisg,

Aehtilon
227

Bedding-out plants in 1871,

27S ; preserving, Botanic

286

wintering,206
Acacia lopliantha,
Accidents, 810
207; select,514;
Achimenes,
failing,
185
soil,
water, 14
over
Acorn
cancellatum, 471
JEcidium
Agaricus procerus, 365
Ageratuma, propagating.186
past and present,195
Agriculture,
logy,"
Geoand
"'Agricultural Chemistry
509
Agrotis Segetum, 507
Airdrie Poultry Show, 456
" Boroughbridge Poultry
Aldborough
Show, 132
Algiers, Jardin d'Essai,375
185
soil,
Allamanda
AUerton Poultry Show, 133 ; Pigeons
at, 154 ; Pigeon trimming, 171
Alocasla metallica culture, 226
Alpine plants,61, 894
186 ;
bedding,
Alternantheras" for
gation,
niagni6ca propagation, 227 ; propa285
salicifolius,203
AmaranthuB
Amai-yllis,cool culture, 346; culture,

in 1871, 358, 334^412;

ing
pit for wintering. 55 ; plants, winterin a room,
186 ; propagating,207 ;

Bedding plants,

with white foliage,

515
Bedford
Horticultural
Show,
71;
Poultry Show, 78
Bedrooms, plants in,423
Beds on grass, 268
Beccles
Poultry Show, 37
Bees"
feeding. 212, 232. 370, 383, 482,
for honev. 272 ; foul brood, 19, 192,
is ? 232 ; fertilising
231,309,458,What
in confinement,
20; do old
queens
leave
their hives? fertilising,
queens
38 ; treatment
of swarms
and
stocks, Ligurian, hinges to bar-andframe
hives, 39 ; swarm
returning,
of
piping,
uniting,
40; sexes
queens
their
58; queens
leaving
eggs,
hives, adapted to localities,an old
of, 59 ; swarming,
swarm
cessful
60; suc-

garden arrangements, 266

Botanic (Royal) Society'sShow, 20
Bottom hent, chamber
lor, 453
Bouquet defined, 54

Bowood, 609
55
edging failing,
Drummondi
Brachysema
Box

culture,

865

Brahmas"

Chestnut

tree of Mount

Etna, 51

Chickens, dying, dwindling, 211 ; dying,

becoming blind, 252 ; exhibiting,
98; for table, 408 ; milk lor, fattening,
459; overfeeding,292; ChrissyMillie,60
Chippenham Flower Show, 255
Horticultural
Chippenham
Society,9
Chorozema
leaves eaten, 206
*'
Chrysanthemum, Culture of," 842

ing
dying, 19 ; breathof
interrupted, 20; feathers
Light chickens,60 ; cock crop-bound,
Chrysanthemumsculture,434;growing
80; hackle
of Light, crossing with
against a wall, 129; housing,
Dorkings, feeding,crooked-breasted,
227, 316; in Temple
Gardens, 895;
809 ; breast, lump on, 329 ; selecting
400.
416; potting, stopForsyth's,
ping,
and
cockerel, 330; Light, 247, 347, 867,
striking,76; treatment
390, 403, 454. 500; chickens, 851;
after flowering, cuttings, 474 ; select,
weight
of, 369, SCO; darker, 460;
495; propagating by suckers
crosses,

points of Light, 185; feathers, 172 ;

livers diseased,192 ; hocks, 212
Brassica oleracea, 139
Briars, sowing heps of, 424
Brine for manure,
14
Brisbane
Botanic
Garden, extracts
from
report on, 73
Bristol Show, fees,454; prizelist,
40J,

and cuttings, 515

Cibotium
Barometz, 853
Cinchona,
culture,199; plantations,
88; Bourbon, 199

Cineraria
leaves curling,515
Clay and lime dressing, 307
Cleckheaton
Poultry Show, 78
swarming,
queen,
Clematis, propacation, 92 ; Jackmanni
from
405
a
frame, 79; second
propagating. 207
swarm
deserting hive, 80 ; market
Broccoli,laying and culture; 393, 401 ; Clianthus Dampieri, culture,119; and
for
maiden
surplus honeycomb,
laying down, 42 ; protecting, 453
puniceus,142
98 ;
113; drone
ewarm,
Brookland, Charminster, 04
186
supers,
cumbers, for dwelling-house, everlate
157
swarming,
Brussels
slaughter,113, 116;
for shady conservatory wall,
Sprouts, 74
gi'een
Amatungula fruit,
113 ; uoiting expelled, transferring
76; for house
blight,destroying,109,129,
Budding ties,loosening, 1S5
American
front, 326; for conservatory,
from
straw to Woodbury
hives, 116 ;
Bullfinches
losing feathers, 116
402; not thriving, 365;
346,488
494
leaving their hives, uniting, Bulbs, for
March
for covering a low trellis,
queens
fiowering, 450 ;
92 ; for a
Ampelopsis tricuspidata,
condemned
145
of
population
south
mulching
saving
16G
waU,
border, 494; forcing, 513;
Amphipyra Tragopogonia,
stocks, 134 ; hives, hinges to barin pots for beds, 365 ; various, culsativa variegatatreatment,
ture,
Cochins, breeding Lemon
Ananassa
and Cinnamon
and-frame,
Major
Munn's,
135;
307 ; Hibbert's,8i8
for exhibition, 116 ; discharging
76
from nostrils,172; cockerel's weight
leaving their hives, Mr.
Burnley Poultry Show, 169
Andalusians, 407
queens
ing,
Woodbury's
death, 153 ; not workButter
produced slowly,292
Angle-shades moth, 357
plumage of Cinnamon, 252 ; hackle
154 ; queens
keeper's
solving, 170
leaving hives, beeAnnuals
for autumn
curling,500 ; paralysed, 460 ; White,
difficulties,incidents, 171 ;
Scherzerianum,
175, 450;
Anthurium
vulture-hocked, 350 ; white slightly
UQ
dark
honey
chloroforming,
Cabbages"
green,
culture, 474 ; large-spathed,
139,265, 314, 865
yellow, 211 : China, Silver-buff,
810
ctTLTURE,
bury,
172; timely feeding. 191; Mr. WoodCochliostema
early, 35 ; why and how it heads, 52
Jacobianum
Ants, on Peaches, 207 ; on lawns, 15
culture,
192; judging honey, 211 ; unit
for succession,
445 ; plants blind, 92
173
Antwerp points, 136
217
Ked
wintering.
Currants,
September
444
on
swarm,
Cockerel
ing,
365
for
Sandringham,
Aphides,
;
stock,408
212; hiving Italian, transporting
Cactuses
not flowering, 366
Cocks
Apios tuberosfl,50
289
sitting,
hives, 231; uniting, 232; Ligurians
Caladiums
in winter, 450
ing
Coleua, culture, 13 ; out of doors,285
Apples trees under glass, 166, prunin Jersey, 251, 272; honey-harvest,
wall, 1J9, pruning, 186,moving,
Calceolaria, culture, 204, 206 ; an experiment,Coleusea,wintering,3S3
251 ; frame-support
during opera22
Columbarian
Societies amalgamating,
tions,
207, espalier, pruning, 225, exposing
271; removing,
Californian
272; hinges
406
404
Coniferie,
protected,267, continuous-flowering,
to bar
hives. 291 ; and mice, 292 ;
Columbarian
280, 514, stocks, 857, scale on, 346,
Cambridge Poultry Show, 474
Society,
Northern,
foul
dessert,
246; twelve
brood, 309; French
tions,
superstiCamellias"
culture
in Belgium,
157 ;
Northern
select dwarf
Counties, 497
Ligurian, removing, grubs
dessert, 845 ; for espaliers, 514
scale
flower
166 ;
Columbarian
buds, 35 ;
on,
Show, Northern, 518
in comb,
810; introducing young
15 ; leaves
Combe
Arabis, dividing, 227
browned, 424 ;
flowerless,
Royal, 162
leaves spotted, 185
queens, obtaining honey,
830; leafAraucaria not thriving, 246
Conifers, grafting,807; at Wateombe,
226; pruning,
cutting and
others, 356 ; stocking
Arbor-Vitee, browned,
Campanula
ing,
125
pyramidalis not flowerbar-hives, feeding, syrup, "c., 370;
149
and
Consei-vatory,
hothouse, 403 ;
in New
53; curvatum,
Zealand, 349; hunting, 388;
Canaries"
and
Groundsel
roots, 330;
Arisiema, concinnum,
plants for small, 267
treacle
Goldfinch
for, 890 ; in 1871, 407 ; near
Mule
838
turning light, 390;
Baueriana
Coprosma
propagation,
London, ants in hives, 408 ; in Cheshire,
Convolvulus, 364;
with
Goldfinch, eggs clear, 20; not
245 ; variegata, 423
Artichokes, and
459; taking supers in November,
Jerusalem, cutting down, 92
Cordons,
singing,116; mules, 136; opening of
diagonal for Pears, 415
tering,
460; large -y. small
show
hives, winAahford Poultry Show, 478
season, 171 ; parasites on, 249 ;
forming, 54
479 ; combs
fallen, 480 ;
and Oak leafing,76
252
Cornick
Ash
v. Black, 379,897, 414
fighting,
seasonable Canary
leaving their
hives, unshow
queens
Cosmas
not flowering,
cultm-ef354, 395 ; forcing,
473
Asparagus,
cage, 408
for,
drones, 499 ; Sea Lavender
is a ? 14
Canterbury
(New
Zealand)
who
413 ; gx-ubs, 14 ; liquid manure
Cottager,
Poultry
267
473
seed,
for,weak,
500
not
fi-uit
robbers,
;
Show, 456
92 ; planting.
;
Cottiugham
Poultry Show, 191
14
518; Ligurians raising queens,
Cantua
busifolia culture, 325
5l9;
Cotoneaster
microphylla
fruit, and
Aspidistralurida culture,
small
large and
hives, wintering,
Carnations, tree,temperature for, 514
Auriculas in greenhouse,215
buxifolia, 166
520
Cotton
Carron, Stenhousemuii',and Larbert
waste
for hotbeds, 514
Aviary, heating, 307, 458
Belladonna
326
Lilies,
Covent
Garden
planting-out,
Poultry Show, 497
Market. 20, 40, 60,80,
Aylesbury Poultry Show, 229
Eellis aucubcefolia, 285
Carrot grubs preventing,109
Azaleas, culture, 21; flowerlese, 15;
98, 116, 136,154, 172, 192.212,232,252,
for, 474; syringing, Berwick
Castor-Oil
OrnithologicalShow, 478
plants, wintering,129
272,292, 810,832,850, 370,390,408, 432,
liquid manure
Bible" gums, perfumes, and resins of,
Caterpillars, on Cabbageworts,
246;
473
460, 480,500. 520
52
Garden
on
Covent
vegetables, 265
monopolists,1,23, 47,
Bicton,201, 221
Cauliflowers, culture, 344 ; open-headed,
61,87.103
27
Bingley Poultry Show, 190
cdltuee,
75 ; protecting, 382
Covent
Garden
Balsam
salesmen, 359
Red
Bu'Ch
plumage,
452;
Black
trees, moving large, 267
Cedms
Deodara
Cows
pruning) 236
feeding on Cabbages, 390
Bantams,
Birds, scaring versus
281
killing,
Celery" culture, 127. 260; gmb, 103;
Crabs
as stocks, 215
weight, 460; catarrhed, 460; DuckBiiTnittgham Philoperisteron Society's
for, 500 ; cockerels
Cranberri*, culture of the American,
winged, space
earthing-up, 184 ; varieties, 205;
nagement,
Show, 837 ; Poultry Show, 208, 405,
leaf fungus, 245; running
to seed,
383
dying. 35i ; Black, hreediog and ma390 ; with large fowls, 17,
425,452; future, 455
487 ; red. 5 5 ; shade for, 53
CratEeguaes at Wateombe, 125
13; blind, 20 ; Birmingham
Rose
candidissima
Centaurea
29- in confinement,
Show, 25
cuttings, 285
Creve-Cceurs, colour of, 310 ; feathers,
gardens, 247, Eiston hii-tarius,144
atandarda, 289 ; versus
20
Cerastium, dividing, 227
Blackburn
ture,
Poultry Show, 94
Crocus, autumnal-flowering,142
309; breeding Black Red, Hambureh,
Cereus, night-blooming, and its culRed
Blood
cock, 252 ;
453
manure.
172 ; Black-breasted
Crocuses, autumn-flowering,164
23, 67
of
Japanese,
143
legs
Bluebottles,
830;
Cetonia
124
aurata,
Crops,
Japanese,
prospect of, 6
Boiler, not acting well,56 : for vinery,
Croton
S09; Sebright,98; "Wheaten, 252;
Ceylon plants, extinction of, 83
variegatum culture,92
and Game, 288
453; unmanageable, 494; level of,
Wheaten
ChjErophyllum
bulbosum, 51
Croydon
nagement,
Poultry Show, 95 ; misma883; heating power;
Ban-head Poultiw Show, 431
oven-heated,
Cheilanthes
elegans fronds
falling,
112; awards, 113; Hamtry
478
Barton and North Lincolnsliire Poul92
burgha at, 116; arrangements,
184
Eomarea
516
Show,
ctontalensis,337
Cat
Cheltenham
Poultiy Show, 209, 456;
Crystal Palace"
Show, 58, 479;
Bones, for manure,
498
Baxter, Mr. W., 862
346; preparing,
188 ; Canai-y Show.
error,
planting at, 257 ; Poultry Show, 208,
455
not closing,350
Beak
Chepatow
Poultry Show, 247
247, 269, 289, 287, 290, 292, 330, S69,
Border
near
for succession, 371; culture
Beans"
Plums
for walls, 307 ;
Cherries"and
Beeches, 206
384, results, 405: Pigeons
at, 406
Borecole, 74; planting,14
value
and
of, 107 ; Scarlet Runner,
Early Rivers, 31 ; traiuingMorello,
Supplementary Rose Show, 105
Boston
107
Poultry Show, 37
100
CucuUia Yerbasci,242
swarms,

to

driving,preventing

find

the

moving
re-

"

'

JOURNAL
CncTiinbevB"
late, 31G:

disease, 3, 138; early and

"winter
cultni-e. 39a; for
mnter,
423; failures, 'H, Si, 119;
heatinfi span-roofod liouae for, 129 ;
for pickling",147 ; frame, 494 ; house
consti-ncting,2G3 ; culture, 8-25 ;
tank-heating houses
for, 42; not
swellinff,55
Cocumis
Anuria, 24!5
Cupi'es3us prunintr.474
Cm-rant, Red, La Vei'saillaiac,
174, 217
Currants, transplanting, 149
Curtis's nursery,

Cuttings, 245

G-2
flower

garden,

205 ;

of flowers, 306

Cyanophyllum magnificum

HORTICULTUPiE

OF

Evaporating

pans

for hot-water

pipes,

326

Evergreen cuttings, 450

Evergreens, propagating, 2SG: select,
383

EverlastingFlowers, bleaching white,

20G ; preserving. 1G6
Exhibition
gi-ievances,347,359
Exhibitor
winning all the prizes,28

Faggot-heap
Fakenham

soil,

4S3

Poultry Show, 210

Farms, profitable small, 391, 409, 401,
501

in

winter,

346

Cycas revoluta, repotting, 185

CyclamoDs
culture, 346; seedling,
267; select,491
Cydonia japonica fruit,14
Cypripeclium,
insigne cultm-e, 450;
niyeum, 215
Cytisus,hai'dines3 of,SO?

Famworth
PoultryShow, 290
Feather, broken
391
sickle,

Feathers, 303

natural
and
Gardening
history,their
importance to the young, 6G
Gas-boating, 5G.2C3
20;
Geese,
breeding,
crossing Tonof Birminfrbam
louse, 29; weights
prize, 427; Chinese, 252, 292; White
Chinese, 212; Mandarin, 292
Geothormal
heating, 187
Geraniums"
bedding, 198; rise and
of bedding. 481 ; culture in
progress
pots out of doors, 149 : defined, 54;
selectfor
exJiibition,55; leaves, red,
35, bro^\-ned. 514, spotted, 166 ; list
of. 267 : packing. 267 ; prizes for, 148 ;
205; storing. 364; stopping. 2 6;
room
wintering. 453 ; wintering in a
cellar. 846; wintering, 807. 365, 48S ;
Mrs. Pollock, 514: pottingZonal, 185

275
HendcrsydePark,
wonn
Henhouse,
in, 893
Hens, paralysed, 20; inducing to recommence
laying, 80; with a broken
toe. 98 : Poland
and Hamburgh
98
Herbaceous
plants,select, 55
Hindostan
forest trees. 159, 276
"
Hoe
row," 52
your own
Holiday, a gardener's. 442

ting,
sit-

Holly berried, 435; propagating variegated,

514

Hollyhock culture, 155

Honeysuckle, Japanese,

54

cultivation

and use,
Hop
for ornament
of
43, 121; poles for, 121; modes
training, 122 ; insects, 278
Horse
Chestnut, diseased, 473; at
Paris, 29G

Giant
of the forest. 39
Hon
icultural andCottagers'Societies,
Gladioluses"
in 1871,831 ; culture, 873;
5u4
select.403: failures,485,518
Horticultural
Glass"
societies,village,47;
breaking, 1:9; cleaning,472;
rules, "c., for,48
cutting and boring, 205; for vinery
Horticultural (Royal) Society's Show
and orchard
house, 250 ; rolled plate
and
Committee
Meetings, 44. 86,120,
for plant houses,
109; preferable
in 100 feet, 85;
177,216,258,336. 437; Rose Show, 5;
kinds, 20G; panes
Nottingham
Exhibition, 7, 9, 10;
Daffodil, atjTuiiin-bloomikg,503
writing and engraving on, 383
Dahlias"
178:
exhibition stands
plants for trial at Chiswick,
for, 55;
Glastonbury Thorn. 226
extra
glabra, 296 ; tubers, preserving,
privileges, 862 ; Provincial
Glazed
cases
unheated. 12
149: storing,
of garden402: Rising Sun, 313
Show, 400; examination
ers,
Glazing" in grooves. 56; without
top
International
Dandelion, Broad-leaved, as a winter
outside
440: report on
putty, 103 ; without
putty,
salad, 119
competition, 1871, "c.,467; BiiTning149
ham
Show, 511
Darlington Ornithological Society's
Gloxinias, failing,207; soil,185
453
Show. 387
Hotbed materials storing,
Goldfinch
mules. 130
Hotbcd-n, temporary, 363
Darlingtoniacalifomiea,215
Gold fish,133 ; management. 4 8
Datura
287 ; heatculture. 286
ing.
caterpillars, Hot water, not circulating,
Goosebcn-y and Currant
Dealers exhibiting, 455
366
16
Death's-head moth, 418
sitting,
Go osebeiTy" bushes
neglected. 267 ; Houdans, hoarse, 232; hen
December
272 ; points, 830 ; moulting
slowly,
flowers, 440
disease. 471; pruning, SOG; Daven141
Decomposition
460
v. combustion,
121:
ham,
Kational, 103;
Show,
House
Dendi'obium" bavbatulum,
215 ; chryfor plants, S26
transplanting, 149
House's
north wall covering, 129
Goose
santhum, merits and culture. 118;
eggs, the spoiling, 328
chrysotis, 50; formoaum
cultui'e,
Hoya camosa,
wintering, 206
Gorhambury,
397, 419
383 ; heterocarpum,
414
Huntingdonshire Poultry Show, 271
Gorse, pegging down, 473
"De
omnibus
for March
Hyacinths,
rebus," 110,150, 167,137
show, SC5 ; in
Gounl, Cit;ron,for preserving,196
and
174
Derby Canarv
Show, 348.367
pots
glasses,
Gracillarias, 124
Devizes
Hvdo
Poultry Show, 478, 495
Piirk,237
Grape, jam, 250; wine, 370
Devon, South, a bit of, 62, 83, 101,125,
neglected pretty, 124; crystallised, Grapes" abortive, 365 ; all possible, Hyde Poultry Show, 475
139
258 ; supply of,285 ; cut, for table decoration,358; caterpillars on, 207; crackincr,
DiaiThcea
in fowls, 460
438 ; cut,in water, 4G9 ; how
149. 2 6,606 ; not colouring, 126,246 ;
Diaseia
ICK" nOUBES,
4 ; PLAKT
out
of DOORS,
not to have nice, 419; drying, 417;
Earberce, 81J6
diseased, .S4,54; English, 195; in
Dicksonia
22G
antarctica
browned,
show
of for children
at Victoria
227; preserriug, 316; storing, 469
on
ground
vinery. 54 : keeping
Idle Poultry Show,
131
Docks, 25 ; spring, 46
Dielytra cullure, 286
Vines. 840 ; mildewed, 245 ; ripenins
Dinner-table
at Nottingham
Show. 24
plants with fine foliage, Flues, draught excessive,443,467,506
Implements
in ground
vineries, 855: ripe and
514
Insects, some
predatorv, 10, 29, 70,89,
Flying,preventing,350
ripening, 108; scalded, 129; not setDipladenia amabiUs
culture, 15
Forcing, house, a small, 268; vegetinpr,IGG ; shanking, 109; shrivelling, 121,lis,180,218, 241,278,356, 418,444,
tables,
Disa grandiSora, in the open air, 215 ;
5'J6
311; vegetable?, 353,413
Black
Tripoli, 77; Golden
245;
cultural
of 1S71,hortiForest
trees on coast, 402
International Exhibition
Buperba culture, 118
Champion,
129, 2il, 335, 375; Gros
Dix, Rev. J., 220
Fountain, portable and self-acting,467
competition,467
Colman
cracking, 109 ; to prevent
Fruit Show, 253,286
Dodder, destroying,424
Fowls"
Chasselas
becoming blind, 310 : bvoodiBlusque
cracking, 122; International
80 ; black
348
and
Ipswich
Poultry
Show,
Dorking Poultry Show, 475
dving, 31 1 ;
ness,
Madresfleld
Mrs.
Court, 437, 504;
Iresine
seed. 26S; proDorki5!gs. 369 ; cock, 232 ; croBsing,80 ;
cleaning for show, 329; food, 459;
Lindeni, from
Pince's
Black
pagation.
Muscat.
507; Lady
exhibiting. 459; hen broody, 172;
5'10; to supply chickens
285,-wintering.458
Downc's
7 ;
Golden
cross-breeding,
mildewed,
of
Irish
pnllets' grievance,270 ; plumage
and
Roval
Agricultural Society's
80 ; quantity of food
eggs,
414. See also Vines.
Hamburgh,
Grey, 272; cockerel's
500 ; fraudulently
Poultry Show, 111
weight, 310;
for, 60 ; dying,
Grasses
for poultry run, 480
cockerel weak-legged 330
tions,
Ii'is,hispanica culture, 403 ; English,
at exhibiGravel
changing those claimed
walks, 179 ; adhesive, 494
Dracocephalum
canariense, cultui'e
515 ; out of health, 135 ; laying
Great
Horton
planting,424
Poultry Show, 111
of seeiilings,
and border,
129
soft eggs, 135; keeping, cost of,212;
Greenhouseback-wall
plants, Ift?, Ivv. for covering a house
Driffield Poultry Show. 93
in a house, 500; for laying, 830;
Eoses,
149 ; not thriving. 16C ; with
227; and vinery heating, 268; stove,
Drighlington Poultry Show, 190
in moultinir season,
217 ; for a wall, 286
and tuberous
management
286 ; bulbous
plants,
Game
Dnbbing
Ixora
cocks, 292
15
of moulting,
810; treatment
135;
Bid:
japonicacoltare,
shelves.
dnuble-spanned,
294;
Dublin
PouUrv
Show, 111,479
perches. 93; making a sneezing
24G; flue-heating a small, 92; arrangement
Ducks"
bills yellow.
60; eggs, 77;
ing,
of small, 109, 366; arrangements.
noise, 13G, 850; ronpv, 135 ; seasonJA93IISE
NOT
FLOWEBING,
hatching under difficulties, 77 ; legs
459 ; injured
at shows, 432 ;
55,421
140 : hcating^and erecting,
Jasminura
paralysed, 370 ; plumage, 460 : prizes
nudiflorum, 423
preventing sitting,80 ; trespassing,
106, 866; colouring inside, 166;
for. 151; subscription
plate, 888;
369
Jersey Exhibition, Roses at, 44
utilising a large, 366; plants. 374;
weights of prize, 427 ; Aylesbui'y,
Johnstone
406
Frame,
covering, 28G; for bedding
Poultry
Show,
for
494
for
plants
small,
; plants
East
Indian, 151, 888;
810; Black
Joints of hot-water
piping, 216
trellis archways, 65;
p]ant"i,307: ventilating. 424
pillar and
French
Rouen, 460
horticulturists'relief fund,505,
on
"sloping surface. 379; lofty, "c., Judges, overworking, 403,152,496
Dumfriesshii'e, fruit for. 402
511
453 ; staging, 54 : reducing light, 55
Durham
Poultry Show, 518
Frogs in a fernery, 1S5
Greetland
and
West
Vale
Poultry
Dutch
barns, 33
6 ; protecting
Frost, -at midriummcr,
Show, 132
fruit trees
Aspaeagtis, 74; Cottagers',
from, 28; securing from,
Grevillea, intricata,215 ; macroatylis, Kalf,
401
74; Scotch, 74
50
Eabwigs.
ISl
Fruit and Vegetable Markets, Metropolitan,
Kei Apple. 157
Guano, applying to Rose=i. 149
Eccleshill
Poultry Show, 57
S7
Keighley Poultry Show. 151
Guernsey Poultry Show, GIG
Echeveria
metallica, 403 ; cuttings, " Fruit, the New Method
Kew
of Growing,"
Gardens, report on their progress
culture. 494
Gymnogramma
279; glauca culture, 206; hardiness
52
and
condition, 68; vacant
ments.
appointFruit" blossoms, protecting,
of, 245; secunda
glauca, proiiagat862 : bor512
ing, 77 ; soil,166
der, planting on, 207 ; for wet soil, Halifax
Poultry
Kidney Bean forcing.853 ; forwarding,
Show, 3G
338
Eebidnopsis cereiformis,
473 :
8G5
8 ;
growing commercially,
Hamburgh
catarrhed. in confined
Eden, garden of, 383
shelters
for, 12 ; scarcity, 436. and
80 : incubating, 130.169; proOrnithological Show, 431 ;
space,
ductive,Kilmarnock
its remedy, 436: Show
Groat International,
Edinburgh Poultry Show, 475, 517
289 ; Bantams.
172 ; GoldenPoultry Show, 457
Edgings and walks, 377
180 ; trees,border planting,
Kitchen
fire,heating from, 206
pencilled and spangled.4C0 ; feathers
Edibles,new, 200
107. 352, pruning, 473. list of, 267,
of Golden-spangled,
Kitchen garden, forming, 1
393; Golden,
Eggs" enormous,
432; hatching, 93;
ing
pruning newly-planted, 307, mulchISO; Silver-pencilled.212 ; Spangled,
production, distinguishingsex
newly-planted, 514, manm-ing,
in,
172; br."eding Blacky 252; Silver38, 80, 08 ; for table. 110; fowls laying
417, on mounds, 846, pruning pyraSilverspangled
pencilled
cock,809;
midal,
soft, 135; mending cracked, 136;
LABELLITJO
383, protection from
cock's tail,459
414
FRriT
frost,
TREES,
musty, 869 ; Negro
dispute about,
85, removing, 237,selection, 185,207, Handicapping poultry exhibitors, 183, Labels, forfruit. 316 ; marking, 492
19 ; unproductive, blue in aviary, 20 ;
transplanting, 246 ; cultm'e. 852 ;
Lnno, Mr. H.. 252
229, 283
"
double, 80; producing,455 ; scarcity,
stocks, itc, 365 ; for south wall, 8G3
Hardy Flowers,'' 218
Lapagerin, alba, 4S5; rosea decaying.
459; gi-ey m dead hen, 460
select,3GG; and vegetables wanted;
245 ; unprotected, 9 ; propagating, 14
Hartlepool Canarv
Show, 271
Ellesmerc
246
Poultry Show, 289
Larch, raisingfrom seed, 424
Haitwcg. Mr. T., 214
,
Fuchsias
Ely Poultry Show, 17
culture, 5 5; p^Tamidal, Haslingden Poultry Show, 98
Lasiandra
nmcrantha
culture, 15, 846
Entomological
Society's Meetings, 46,
403; seedling,359; splect,495
Lnstrca
77
Hatching under difficulticB,
op:ica frond shrivelled, 91
417,441,504
lor poisonous,85
Fangi, remedies
Hatllc'd
Latania
borbonica, 446
House, 299
Entrance
fees, 3r,7,383
Funguses, search after,319
Hatfleld
bono
dust for, 403; levelling,
Lawn,
'^how,406
Epacris propagation, 2SG
Heada, 228
494, and turfing, 148; management.
Epidendi-um pseudepidcndrum,
338
Heather
129
transplanting,
Game
BREF.Dixa
Epiphylliimsfor graftingon Pereskia
Duckwing, 850; Heath, and Fei-n, 200; propagation, Leaves, collecting, 806, and storing,
cock's spurs, 8G9 ; fowls' legsscurvy,
stocks, 514
2SG ; Mediterranean.
383
513; vellow.14: mottled, 15
890:
EpisciacU^intalensis,210
cbickcns, dnbbing, 80; cock
Lords
Puullrv
Heaths, hardy, 163 : select.514
Show, 496
Epitaph, 3j5
undubbod, 460; exhibiting, management,
and
Heating
protecting,416; a pit, Looks, cutting ofl"leaves after transErantuemum
cinnabarinum
ocel500 ; points of Duckwing, 98;
v.
423 ; small
house, 425 : a range
of
plantinc, 109
Brown
latum, 215
Red, Light or Dark. 830
houses, 187: difficulties,
150; small
Legs, 2S7
Eria extinctoria,50
Garden, leveling and plotting,
71,88,
houses, 33, 2fi8 ; various houses, 807, Leicester Poultry Show. 133
Erythrina Crista-galli culture,138
123.145,182,821. 442 ; under glass. 205
453 ; bv a stove, by hot water, by a
Leigh Poultry Show, 2 9.
Eston
and
Norm.anby
Gardcnci-'s cottage, 35 ; holiday, 274,
Cage Bird
flue.516
Lettnecs" on banks, 305; and Endive,
Pigeon, and Rabbit Show,9t
SGI. 4G5; paving
for moving,
2i^i7; Hedaronia
311 ; Lettuce, largo. 40
tnlipifei*um,450
wintering, 20G
i-ightto p'aats,103 ; who is a practiEncalj-ptus,
Hodtrc fur flower garden, 2i6
Lilies,a few words
cal?
about,440 ; notes
Eucharis amazonica
2C6
caltiu'e,220
Heliotropepropagating,206
on, 502
"

Feather

[ January 18, 1872.

GARDENER.

COTTAGE

AND

Grass

Fern, what

dyeing. 154

hardv
? 199
227
Ferns"
culture
of Parslay. 14 ; for
conservatory, 346 ; for cold rcrnei%
402; fronds
losing colour, 129; not
growing, 473 ; pillar, for window
fernery, 491 ; select stove and greenhouse,
Deme514; importing from
ment
vinery, 1S5 ; treatrara, 515: in a
of imported. 92; Filmv, 320;
Gold and Silver,462, 4S4; the Lamb,
353
Fertilisers of flowers
connected
with
their colour and odour, 343
Ficua
elaatica, propagating,14 ; root
grubs. 327
Figs" falling,175 ; in open-air at Bicton. 180; rubbing off.227
Filberts,
storing,266,268 ; v. squirrels,
226
Filters,15
Findeme
flowers,88
Firs, caterpillarson, 218; seed sowing.
14
Floors CasUe, 465
Floral Society, Show
of Bletropolitan,
70
Flowers"
of cut, 102 ; a
arrangement
are

Fernery, painting,

'

"

"

"

"

"

January 18,1872. ]

JOUENAL

OF

HOETICULTUKE

culture, 139, Orchids, sale of Mr. Eucker's, 106, 141

121; auratum
Orchis, Bee, its fertilisation,70
166,366;tigi-inum, double, liO; oxiOrmskirk
and
Poultry
mium
Southpoi-t
not flo\vcriiig,207
; giganteum,

LUiums,

culture, 471 ; sowiug, iQi

Lily of tlic Valley in pots, 397
Linaria
121, ItG
vulf^aris,
Liudley library,lf.5
Liskeard
Poultry Show, 93; judgiEg
at, 135
LithoapeiinuTn,after flowering, 206;
Gaatoni, 21G
Littleborou;?h Poultry Show, 132 ;
Eabbits, 152
Lobelias, 109, ISO

Lsng

Sutton

Poultry Show,

112, 192,

290
II

Loqaat

in

Magnolia,
thriving,

Italy,G
Exhotjih
91

taihety

not

Poultry Show, 516

Maidstone

Makeshifts, 33
Malaya, enconrai3inff,270; legs, 460
Malvem
Poultry Show, 152
Manchester
and
Liverpool Poultry
Show, 191 208.
Manchester
Botanic Garden, 439
Mandevilla
suaveolena, iivinteriug,208
Mange, 870
Mangold for seed, 286
of applying,74
Manure, modes
foods, 450 ;
Manures, from various
109; vegetable
scarcity of, artificial,
refuse

as, 141

Mannring vacant

ground

in winter,

4C3
.

Marantas, in winter, 450; Yeitchu cu.ture, 307

Market gardening,322,333
Markets, 20, 40, GO,80, 98,116, 136,151,
172,192, 212,232. 252,272, 292,310,832,
350,570,390,408,432,460, 480, 5 JO. 5^0;
table,
VegeLondon
Fruit, Flower, and
87
on clay, 261
Meadow, manure
for, 286;
Mealy bug, 323; ammonia
destroying,158; in vinery, 179, 227;

Show, 132

AND

COTTAGE

Pits and

flues,473

GARDENER.

279 ; in bedrooms,
-giving away,
423 ; local names
of British,
124 ; What
? 55
are ornamental
Plumbago capensisculture, 195,239
Plums, cracking, 54; stocks for pyramid,
474 ; Duke
of Edinburgh,
216 ;
Green
Gage dying,246 ; The Sultan,
243 ; Late Rivers, 485
Plusia Gamma,
219
210
Pocklington Poultry Show
Plants

Osborn's
alpine plantsat,61
nurserv,
Oundle
Poultry Show, 57
Oxalis, culture, 474 ; edible-rooted, 50
Oxford
Botanic
Garden
managing
committee, 69

4S4
P.EONiA
Motjtan
transplanting,
Paint on glass, removing, 3G5
Palestine, flora of, 52
Poinsettia, propagating,207 j pulcherGrass
rima imperfect,473
Pampas
soil,245
Pandanns,
culture, 3 H ; leaves ppotPolands, 252; crop watery, 272; hen
22G
ted, 402 ; javanicus culture,
hatching
a
brood, 60 ; GoldenPansies, 35
spangled plumage, 460
for American
Paraffin
a remedy
as
Poppies as a profitable crop, 143
blight,37
cultivation
in China, 69
Poppy
Paris, horticulture in 1871.193, 236,297
Porch, plantsfor north, 365
"Paris, Les Promenades
de," 490
Portsmouth
PoultryShow, 496
Parlridgeeggs not hatching, 19
Portulaca. wintering,206
Pasa'flora, casrulea Svcdling, 267; cin- Possingwortli,318
nabarina,50
Putato, the. 196
Pasture
453
improvement,
"best
Potatoes
second
early, 129;
Peaches"
blotched, 1G6; borders, 102,
the disease,84 ; storing
and
crops
20G; casting fruit, 92: concreting,
diseased, 92; disease, 26,118; earthlaware,
206 ; for cool house, 3u7 ; crop in Deing-up, 23 ; for seed, storing, 267 ;
for culture under

glass,
314;
474; heading back, 7G ; house, planting,
from, 414;
285; house, notes
trees, dying off, 108, management,
91,protecting,246,pruning, 3eG, scale
walls, 54 ; select, 435 ;
on, 227, on
trellis,307 ; on gravelly subsoil, 186 ;
stones not vegetating,
76; watering,
Nectarine, and Plum
pruning, 402;
Knight'sMarkly Admirable, 106
Pears
for cordons, 402; select,354;
keeping, 492; for west of Ireland,
"

493 ; old

with

new

names,

503 ; for

espaliers, 514; gathering, bush, 285;

this year's,325 ; gathering, 326 ; tree
pruning, 186 ; espalier,pruning,226 ;

stocks, 357; diagonal cordons, 415;

shrivelling without
ripening,424 ;
de
pruning wall trees, 149 ; Beurre
uersws'ammonia,199
BollwilI'Assomption. 320; Bem-re
380
ler,266; Sinclair,
Megachile centuncularis, 357
Peas"
Megacliuium
purpuratum, 896
cooking, 135 ; edible-podded,
Melons"
424 ; forcing, 503 ; affording shade,
early and late, 34G ; houses,
height, 514; protecting,
147; of~Dioderate
tank-heating,"42; leaves withering,
453; staking, 53, 90; trials
76; not settmg, 85; plants gaogrenat Seaham
Hall, 234; good varieties,
ing, 1S?";select, 215; watering, 245;
Laxton's
173;
Austrahau,
321;
signs of ripening,129 ; supeaior, 276
Melton
Poultry Show, 112
Alpha, 64; Laxton's
462; the
Mowbray
new,
Glory, 142
Meryta latifolia,396
Florists'
173
Show,
cul'ure,
14;
defined,
Pelargoniums"
Metropolitan
Middlesbrough
OrnithologicalShow,
54; repotting, 514 ; select,35; select
and Fancy,
349
double, 14; select Show
Middleton Poultry Show, 79 ; Poultry
514; solution for dipping,91 ; Larkfield Rival, 487
Show, 243
Pencilled feathers, 460
174
Mignonette, pot-culture,
MlTla capitata, 50
Perches
for fowls, 93
Peristeronie
Society, 250
Mills, Mr. G., 823
meetMoor
Peristeronic (National)Society's
Park, 339
ins, 369
Morel, the stinking,130
Periwinkle, cutting down, 246
Moss, destroying,4S8; dying green,
Petunias
149
830
dying off,
Phalrenopsis grandiflora culture, 206
Mosses, 172
Phallus
Moths, gardeD, 219
impudicng, 130; destroying,
ing.
320
Moulting, age of, 93 ; treatment dar470
453. 460
Pbcenix dactylifera,
Monlton
meticulosa, 357
Phlogophora
Poultry Show, 56
Phlox
and its culture, 193
Mulching, 123
and Canary, 136
Mules, Goldfinch
Phloxes, new, 105; from seed, 307
Phormium
tenax Veitchii, 227
Mnsa
Ensete at Kew, 87
8
225; culture, 325; house
Mushrooms,
Phytosmegma,
under, 225; grub-eaten,180: in New
Picea, leader
replacing,14; nobilis
200;
474
Zealand,
cones,
vermin-eaien, 206;
45S, 427;
large, 31. 50,73,85
Pigeons" at Birmingham,
of societies.
scale on, 207
prize, amalgamation
Myi'tle,
455; catching wild, 459; weight of
ing
Runts at Birmingham,
478; washvaluable
337
for exhibition, 480;
Names
of
plants,
stolen from exhibitions, 97; cure
of
Neatness, 284
coloured, lice in, 98 ; roupy, 116 ; wen
Nectarines, falling,207; leaves dison neck,
15
stolen at Snaith, works
on
fancy,
Neighbours, good and bad, 376, 893
flown, 153; at AUer136; distances
at AUerton, 171,
Nests for cannibal hens, 330
ton, 154 ; trimming
NetUng, fruit tree, 424
188,211,231 ; what to keep, 172 ; wing
Nettles, 219
disease, 172 ; weak-eyed, 330 ; stolen
Newark Poultry Show, 3G
from
shows, 17,35, 77 : cankered, 20 ;
Newcastle Pigeon and Bird Show, E68
and
Cheri'y trees, 20; with shafts
Newton Don, 465
hare, 30; portraits of, 60; writing
15
Night-soil manure.
dying, of Egypt, 231;
on, 212; young
252 ; swarmNitro-phospbatp, 326
ing
Wood,
crossing with
Northampton
Poultry Show, 209
loft,350 ; aiding moulting, 870 ;
North Ormesby
427 ; caution to fanciers, 431 ; AntCanary Show, S2D
Noi-wich Poultry Show, 5IG
werp's
dying suddenly, 432 ; Antwerps
November
beak, 212 ; Antwerps,
56,79,
temperature, 392
Carrier, 56, 79,80;
80,390; Antwerp
the Baldhead
and Beard, 113; CuOak
Ash
76
bars, 498;
and
inulet, 153; Dragoons'
leafing,
Fantails
not rearing their young,
Oakham
Poultry Show, 430
125
Oaks at Watcnmbe,
Hermit, 408; German
SO; German
German
390 ;
Ice. 172 ;
Toy.
Oats,ground for fowls, 350
Jacobins, 520; the Owl,
matching
Ollapodrida,295
Oncidium
17, 95 ; Pouters in 1871. 270; Runts at
macranthum, 118
the Crytal
Palace, 330;. the SatiOnion, culture, 284; crop destroyed,
nette, 250; Volant, 56, 79, 80, 153;
295; grub, 254. 337; preventing,1C9,
254,858'
"White-eye, 55, 79. 60. 153; "The
Ophioeai-yonpai'adoxacum,226
Homing or Carrier," 153
Pince, Mr. R. T., 298
Orangery, stove for, 473
ing
v. sheep, 38^
Pine, Au"trian
Oranges" thinning, 91 ; trees, flowerof seedling, 424: trees, under
Pine Apples, culture and judging, 99 ;
Vines, 435; leaves browned, 514
Show, 54,
weight of at Nottingham
Orchard-house, consti-ucting,326; ma96
nagement,
Pinus austriaca
seedlings damping-off
148; notes. 314; paving
tiles,207; planting, 223 ; Plums
14
and
Figs, 450; position,heating, 383; Pipes, painting hot-water, 286
402; width of,240
Pit,heating,423

earthing

versus

Continued.
quired about, 5U5, 508; leaves diseased,
76,eaten, 54,injured,268 ; manuring,
424; mildewed, 76; for near
the sea, 166; new
of 1870, 63; new
show, 92 ; now
for 1872,332 : opinion
about, 812; propagating, 424; notes
at Hereford, Occ, 24 ; over-luxuon
riant
shoots, 54; at Jersey Exhibition,
44,62; removing, 149,207;on
own
roots, 473; Mr.
Radclyfte's,
85; this season,
253; seedling, 14;
seeds doi-mant, 166; select,275,372,
411; selection, 63, 100; soot and
liquid manure,
guano
1J9; under
trial,3; twelveof
best, 816 ; twentyfour best dwarf, 514 ; this year, 22 ;
for a trellis,514 ; tree, oldest,164 ;
shows of, 417 ; neglected varieties,
138; propagating Banksiau,
lt.6;
Princess
Beatrice, 338; Princess
Christian, 84 ; Gloiro de Dijon cuttingp, 286; Bessie
Johnson, 307;
Manetti
propagating
stock, 424;
Maiechal
Niel
culture, 450, not
flowering,7G,in vinery,206 ; Madame
Sertot, 450; Tea-scented. 173; Tea,
142, 195,235,in the open air,439
Ricinus
culture, 90
Road-making
under
difficulties,137.
"RosTLs"

Plagianthus Lyalli, S96

Plant protectors, 296, 804

non-earthing,276,

156
317 ; estimate
of
varieties, 276 ;
estimate
of merits, 299 : forcing, Rochdale

811; large produce, 174; topping,

205, 207; influenced
by neighbourship,
226 ; at Konsington, 240 ; trial
of, 485; planting,491; succession
of,
837 ;

storing,S45

; in

Lincolnshire,

PoultryShow,

170

Root-pruning, 346
Roots, edible, 50
Rose beetle, 124
Ross Poultry Show, 323
Rotation

of crops, 284

and
855; Carter
Co.'b,359; select, Roup, cure of,327,330
Rubbish
heap, 183
876; large produce, 400; American,
EuDus
' 56 ; Early Rose, 67,235,274,285,296 ;
deUciosus, 179; and culture,
233
LapLapstone, 445; Red-skinned
Eucker, Mr. S" his collection of Orstone, 44d; Sweet, 51; Yorkshire
chids
to be sold, 83
Hero, 3S5
Ruling passion,31
Pottery, 126
Rue leaf described, 263
Poultry and Pigeon club,J48
*'
Profitable
and
Horticultural
Poultry,
mental," Ryhope
OrnaShow, 175 ;

Poultry Show,

457

169

ing,
feeding and run, 292 ; feed310 ; experience purchased, 327 ;
Salads
culture
of
81 ;
food, 350; feeding, 3G9 ; entrance
winter,
winter, 119 ; Broad-leaved Dandelion
takes
misfees, 388 ; sneezing, 390 ; show
for,119
and accidents, 405 ; yards,407 ;
Salt, as a manure,
indications
of age, 5 0;
for use,
213; a solvent of
silica.179, 254
difficulties,16, 130,
keeping under
Santolina
incana, 372, 4S3 ; for bedin house. 20 ; feedding,
ing
167, 229 ; vermin
313
and
management,
150, 151 ; exhibitions
Sashes, utilising,473
for the
working classes,
of,
insuring exhibited, 151 ; reared
by- Savoys, planting, 14; succession
434
working classes, prizes for, experience
^
l68, 228; prizes, Scale, destroying,43S
purchased,
Scarborough Ornithological Show,
work'ns class,2 '7 ; in 1341,211 ; rmis
328
for, 480;
for, 212; run,
grasses
Scarlet Runners
podless,246
show
reports, 520
Scolytus Pruni, 246
of
non,
Prepayment, consequences
culture, "65
Scorzonera
252
459
Scotch
fowls,
Preston
Hall,263
Scottish Metropolitan PouItiT Show,
flower
stems
Chinese,
Primulas,
517
short, 474; japonica, 215
for hotbeds, 450
Screen
Privet, best for hedges, 149
Scurf on fowl's head, 380
Propagating house, 246
fowls, 469
Scurfv-legged
and
41G
heating,
Protecting,448 ;
Seasi'de
planting,207
Protection, 401,472
Seasonalle
hints, 338
Protections
of glass,284
186
Seaweed
as manure,
Produce, large,46
Sedume, Fabaria for bedding,254,315 ;
Prunus
cerasifera, 396
352 ; glanduFabax-ia or spectabile,
Psoralea
esculenta, 50
from
345
seed,
215;
losum,
Pullet, what is ? 390
in dry aoil
Seed sowing out of doors
Pullets for winter laying, 460
and weather, 147
Society'srules,
Pytchley Horticultural
Seedhngs in frame eaten, 149
48
death
Dr.
512
B.,
of,
Seemanu,
Mains
floribunda,
397
Pyrus
110
Selaginella, exhibiting,
califormcum, hai*dines3
Sempervivum
of, 245
Quince, Portugal, 84
Sewage and soda, 286
Quinces, preserving, 292
Shading" glass, composition for, 55;
Quick, raisingfrom seed, 424

Poultry"

"

296
and protecting,
iS3
Sharp x'l'actice,

at
252;
20 ;
19 ;
cross-breeding,
Stroud,
ficial
warts on eyelid, 30; keeping in artiattacked
116; plants
warrens,
by, 121 ; at Littleborough Show, 152 ;
prizes at York, 388 : single-producing
doe, 292; Himalayan, 30; skins
of Himalayan,
turning out HareRabbits, 232
from, 92; transport
Railway, screen
of fowls, 232
Raspberries, failing,166; Vicloria,
KAEEITS-

PARTLY

BLIND,

358

Rats, barking trees, 307 ; water, F46

Red
spider, destroying,150 ; iiersus
ammonia,
199,20G
Rendle's
plant protectors, 243,254, 318
Rhododendron
losing its leaves, 55
Rhubarb
for early spring use, 54
Rbynchosia chrysocias, 51
Richardia, harrliness of, 866
Roses"
best, 4G4, 469,473,in the room,
274; budding, 33, 326; climbing for
arch, 424; pot culture, 514; at the
Crystal Palace, G9, 105 ; at Curtis's
Nursery,'63 ; destroying aphides,
325; election of,433,
77; difiiculties,
stands, 55 ; for
495. 486 ; exhibition
tion
descripexhibition, 142,434; French
of, 469, 483; and Geraniums,
875 ; gossip about, 283, 275. 293,379,
394 ; house
for, 246 ; iron stakes for,
Ivy, 166 ;
514 ; in Ireland, 469 ; among
with Ivy,273 ; and Ivy, 296 ; e ome in-

104
Sheppard's Nursery, Bedford,
141
Shrub-bedding v. flower-bedding.
for a lawn, 515 ; not thriving,
Shrubs"
424
345; select evergreen,
267
Skimmia
potting,
japonica
Smoke, exposing plants to, 483
Soil" collecting,184 ; keeping open and
dens,
compressed, 34; supply of for gar140
ciliatum beiTies falling,246
Soot, applying,403 ; to Roses, 149
Poultry Show, 287, 292,
Southampton
Solanum

367
Mr. J. de C. 200
bating,
incucock's face, 252; hen
for
153 ; fowls, prepaiing
exhibition, 500
Spiders, 826 ; red, destroying,110

Sowerby.

Spanish"

plants, sowing.
Spring" flowering
gardening, 246; and
187; flower
results, 236
summer
Stanningley Poultry Show, 169
Stavesacre,

92

326 ;
fruiting,
loeing its leaves, 149
Stock, selecting, 459
Chrysanthemum
Stoke
Newington
Show, 379
Stove, smokeless, ISG ; plants for, 187 ;
in
temperature,
greenhouso, 246
heating by ii'on, 503; plants for
cool, 403 ; select,495
313; culture,
Strawben-ies" autumn,
82, 225 ; in ground vineries, 109 ;

Stephanotis,floribunda

OF

JOUKNAL

SiBJi.vrBEB.RrEQ" Continued
cropping between, 129; culture out
of doors, potling for forcing, 148;
16G ; house
for,
separating runners,
186; forcing, 186, 2G8, 306; for the
north, 206; fungus on, 226; insects
leaves
for
potted,
440;
on, stages
spotted, 267 ; Mr. Radclyffe's,"wirein, 35; culture, 75; cutting
worms
off leaves, 76; season,
prolonging,
833 ; in shallow
soil,365 j prolonging
in
May,
410: for exhibition
season,
Prince,
423; Black Bess. 383; Black
Prolific, 41; Dr. Hogg,
275; Earlv
Veitch,
54 ; President. 54, 345 ; James
359
41; Wonderful,
Stream, taking water from, 14
Stroud
Show. 39
" Mein's
Stuart
Nursery. 274
Suitors

protection,291

for

Sulphur, applying, to destroy insects,

"c., 128
Sunflowers, 4)6
of, 142, 164
powers
Sunlight, chemical
Surface
stirring, 83
166
Swainsonia
galegifolia,

Table

room
S72, 573
plants,
plants, 980
lings
fruit eatable, 102, 109 ; seeding,
torpid,15 ; speclosa, 216 ; train-

axd

Table-decorating
Tacsonia"

culture,
365;
102; splendens
Van-Volxemi,
102, 109 ; not thriving,
206

lost, 188

TaU8,269;

42, 326
Tank-heating,
and filters,15
Tar, removing from fowls' feathers, 93
Tea, preparation and properties, IGO
and
in-coming,
out-going
Tenants,
plants, 129
266 ; removing
Terminalia
elegans culture, 3"7
hair falling off,432
Terrier's
Thistles, exterminating, 365
yard,
vineMr. W., Clovenfords
Thamson,
Tanks

442
on the Vine," 104
TUes, laying edging, 91
Lindeniana
Tillandsia
culture, 235
Tipulffi,70
Todmorden
Poultry Show, 189
Tomato
seed, saving, 55

"Thomson

AND

HOETICULTUEE

[ Jauutuy 18, lb7:

GAEBENEE.

COTTAGE

Continued.
Wasps,
242; dcslrojing in nost, 107
protecting fruit from, 220. 227
erecting. 326 ; glazing, 287 ;
and
Watcombe,
grounds
heating a ground, 149; planting for
pottery, 125
Tcrra-Cotta
immediate
14J
Company,
Tortrix
Woeberana,
89
bearing, 186; heating a
Water,
containing iron, 186; in pot
gi-ound, 277, 287
Tredegar Poultry Show, 477
Vines"
513
saucers,
borders, surface-dressing, 306 ;
Tree, oldest in Europe, 180
red spider on, 15; leaves
Waterer, Mr. F.. 280
yellow, 14,
mound,
Trees, line of, 185: on
203;
decaying,
Waterintr, 127, 128, 184 ; apparatus, 490
quick-growing, 149
35; wartcd. 35. 77; stems
Weaver
Bird, 480
for covering low, 92 ;
vinery. 91; leaves
Trellis, climbers
54; for unheated
borders
work
for. 11, 82. 52, 73,59. lOG,
for, 117 ;
Week,
rusted, 92 ; making
plants for, S65
selecting and
planting young,
117;
126,146, 1G4, 182,203, 223,24:1,253, 283,
Trenchinc, cost of, 245
culture
of pot, 119 ; removing
Tritoma
ing
cover303,324, 843. 363, 381, 4 0, 422. 447. 471.
flowering late, 263
cool
from
lor
493, 512; doings of last, 12.33. 58, 74.
borderp,
128;
Trvphfena
pronuba, 506
90. 107. 127. 147,165,183,204,224,241,
Tuberose
withering, 129;
house, 129; leaves
bulbs, 206
roots
264, 284, SW, 324, 314, 364,332,401,42',
decaying, 129; effect of violet
Tulips" skins split,35; not flowering,
of light on, 142 ; red spider on.
443,472, 492, 512
out of doors, 514; for simnllaneous
rays
several
Weeping
trees, 514
growing
flowering, 245
108, 110, 2G7 ;
Weigela, ICG ; rosea
propagating, 18C
diseased,
equally well, l'"9; leaves
Tumour,
removing, 370
eased,
dis349 ; liver
Weir, Mr. H., presentation to 406
breeding,
166; scale on, 186: grafted in stoveTurVeys"
heated
Welliuglonia gigantea. 297.324; secip.
of
house, 194; lifted, placing
369; feeding. 370; weight
Westward
Ho ! Poultry Show, 73
for
out of doors,
[207
207; mildewed,
prize, 427 ; not thriving, 272 ; weight
ing,
Wharfedate,
Lower, its botanv, 67
alive and trussed, 460
vinery, leaves
spotted, border-mak"\^Tiitbv Canarv
inside
Show.
171, 211, 230,
Peaches,
226; with
Turnip moth, 507
249 : Poultry Show, 189
planting. 227 ; cutting down, Koyal
Turnips, Swede, for seed, 286
to Mr., 9
ing,
Wilkinson, testimonial
Ascot, 245 ; npglected. 2G7 ; not thrivWillow, aphis on, 129
ing,
267; forcing lifted, 267; plant2S5
for
268
Willows, msects
Ullucus
50
old,
tdbeeosa,
;
on, 11
; pruning
house,
greenWilts
for
County Poultry Show, 38, 56, 49.'
Urceolina
border, with
compost
culture, 35
Window-gardening, 23
Urtica
219
Begonias, 286 ; overci-opping, 306 ;
genus,
Window
215
for cool vinu-y. 8 7; not watering,
plants, 383
Utricularia montana,
under
glass, 331; soil Wine, making Grape, 388
326; culture
in a cold pit, 14
Peaches
and
Winterinc
for, 346; inarching.
trellis on
fruit wall, 268
coration,
Wire
Camellias
285
Vallota
under, 366; for table depurpurea
culture,
Wirral
Poultry Show, 190
J.324
372; transplanting,
883;
VanGeert,Mr.
sinensis
leaves
Wistaria
for borders,
cuttings, 326
Van
diseased, bones
Mons, J. B., 447
Wobum
for
cool
Show, 231
of
462
423
Cottagers'
influence
scion
failing,
on
house,
green;
;
Variegation,
Mr. T. W., death
424 ; eyes
on
of,97. 113
stock in inducing, 220
turf, 442 ; for
Woodbury,
WooAlicc
in garden, 14
early vinery, pruning
453;
young,
Vase, bulb-planting, 245
for
Woodsome
Poultry Show, 152
propagating,
covering,
473; border
Vegetable, cooking, 75, 135; mould
Working,
extra, 15
473; in ground \'inery,planting, 493;
potting, 366; season, review, 385
in inside
also
class poultry prizes, 8C8
See
culture and cooking,
Working
border, 493.
Vegetable Man-ows,
Grapes.
Work-room,
a
heating under
147 ; not swelling, 55
greenand alba, dividing,307
187
ouse,
Vegetables, lor exhibition, 91 ; list of, Viola comuta
cricket
in
Violets, planting Russian, 135
Worms,
fiel3, destroying,
345 ; for next year, 396
10
Veitch's
495; in fowls. 310; in pots. 2H6
plants at Nottingham,
of fowls, ointment
Wounds
for, 327
Verbenas, for beds and ribbon borders,
reduction
Wages,
of, 226
149; diseased, 402; for pot culture,
Wakefield
Poultry Show, 112
55 ; venosa
wintering, 186; (LemonXiPSION
337
Walks
and edgings, 377
FILIFOLIUil,
scented), propagating, 206
380
Walls, covering north, 109; pointing,
Verge-cutter, McLachlan's,
YELLOw-u^"DER^\^^"G
5*6
478 ; trees, glazed covering for, 494
Verschaffeltia
MOTn,
splendida, 421
Walnut
York
not tUl'iving,365
Poultry Show, 476
Chisvrick, 859; planting,
Vinei-y-at
Poultry Show, 17, 131
padella,70
Warrington
Yponomeuta
3C0 ; glass for, 383 ; arrangements,
Tonbridge Wells
Poultry Show, 290
Torquay, 62 ; and its climate,83
Tortoise
35J
management,

YiKERY"
402 ;

WOODCUTS.

PAGE

PAGE

.Ecidium

471
307

eancellatnia

AgTotis segetum
Aniai-anthus

203

salicifolius

stove

Aviary gas
Bees, feeding

388,

Zealand
tiouse

in New

"

Bantam

202, 222,

Bicton

Birds, suitors

for

south

Bowood,

144
510
511
31

front

lower ten-ace
garden
CheiTy, Early Rivers
Etna
Chestnut, the Mount
Chiswick, vineiy at
Combe
Eoyal
Oraugei-y
Conservatoiy, lawn
Cossus
ligniperda
Crioceris
Asparagi
"

Fountain, self-acting
stove

Gooseberry disease
"
"

consen'atoi7
slope
leveUing and garden plotting

Greenhouse
Gronnd

House

flower garden

420

380

on

Hatfield house
Elizabethan
"

goi'deu

71, 88, 123, 145, 182, 321,

"

borbouica

11

garden
de I'Assomption

Itahau

"

Bouitc

Pear,

Sinclair

Phlogophora meticulosa
Phcenix
dactylifera
Pigeons, Baldliead
Beard

"

251

Satinette

"

"

tail feather

"

pens

"

for

Plum, Sultau
Plusia

gamma

Preston
Tortrix

262,

Hall
Wceborana

Tripha^napronuba
Von

Mons,

Verge

Jean

Baptiste

250
115
24S
219
263
80
506
447
380

cutter

Vei'schaileltia

siilendida
of plants at Nottingham

Veitch's gi-oup
Vmoiy at Chiswick

300

Watering appai-atus
Y'ponomeuta padoUa

301

Zouzora

442

42

340
341
820
381
357
470
115
114

Park

Moor

14

242
42
15
126
467
458
471
398
399

817
361
440
491
357

Grande Cascado
Longchamps,
Megachile centnucularis
Melon
houses, tank- heated
Millitiea Euphi'osyne

30

CucuHia Verbasci
Cucumber
houses, tank-heated
Filter
and boxes
Elower vases

Gorhambuiy

361
162
163
255

.4, S17

"

Latania

"

360,

330
%

preservation
Ladder, house

50

"

Gas

223
282

legislation

MrtaiiuB

Biston

458
432
389
18

803, 303

Hatfield kitchen garden

Hens, nest for cannibal
Ice house

iEsciili

421
10

Show

860,

361
490

70
80

OP

JOUBNAL

July 6, 1871. ]

HORTICULTURE

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

i-Cf

MONOPOLISTS.

GARDEN

COVENT

in Covent Garden
which I made the
"

this
for fruit,
"o., supplied
followingextract :

season,

from

"

"

1871.
l.sf,

s.

d.

May
AN
nothingbe done to break tliroughthe
28
16 0
"24 lbs. Strawberries
No
Garden?
hateful monopoly of Covent
0
0
24
"20 lbs. Grapes
"
doubt it is a monopoly as close and
one
can
May 10th.
36
0
0'
Strawberries
30 lbs.
and proas
ducers
injuriousto both consumers
goods
of the
as any that existed in the time
There is no doubt that those who deal in perishable
to cover
risks,but it would be
Tudors.
oughtto have large profits
sold
have
readers
of
burgh,
Edinif
set up a business in
Let anyone
to know
your
any
very interesting
and try to procure
or Glasgow even,
Strawberries at these dates,and the pricesthey obtained.
be
den,
his fruit anywhere else than in Covent GarMay 10th is not so very earlythat one would expect to
and see if he will not be undersold till charged 2Jts. a-pound for Strawberries. Those who can
of
he is driven out of the trade or broken.
buy fruit at these prices may be trusted to take care
fruit
den,
Let anyone ask the priceof any article in Covent Garthemselves, but the supply of ordinary wholesome
and then try to sell the same, and I think he will not
citylike London ought
to the lower orders of a crowded
man
No licensed salesonly be astonished at the difference between the prices to be providedon free-trade principles.
but
asked and oifered,
but will be equallyastonished to find
oughtto be requiredto sell any man's produce,
as in
how littleit matters who is the particular
he
together
tradesman
ought to come
the producerand consumer
of.
inquires
other towns.
Why are not other free markets openedfor
son,
J. R. Pearin London?"
If you have anything so very superiorto sell that no
the sale of fruit and vegetables
Covent Garden
has anythinglike it to offer,
Notts
one
is,perChilwell,
haps,
the best market
in the world if you take it and
nently
[We rejoicethat this subjecthas been broughtpromisell it yourself. But for ordinaryproducers,Covent Garden
The monopoly is now
to "notice
by Mi-. Pearson.
is,I think,a worse market than that of any largetown
than formerly,and there are
evil even
a more
oppressive
in England.
to be obtained which will facilitatethe removal
now
supplies
If anyone
sensation let him consigna good of the evil. There
wants a new
gardeners
are thousands of amateur
lot of fruit to the most respectable
den,
person in Covent Gartables
who would gladlydisposeof their surplusfruits and vegeand
to purchasers,
say twice a-week for a month, and then ask for the
could they readilyobtain access
account
sale." I think he wHl hardlyrepeat the operafrom
tion
receive fair payments. We hope to have suggestions
the
I once
heard of a Liverpool
not only for the sake
merchant,who was in
this subject,
on
correspondents
many
habit of accounting
for the loss each person who consigned of
Eds.]
but for the sake of consumers."
producers,
him
his
market
to
sustained,
goods through
(Brazil)generally
of
mistake
cast-iron,
on
a consignment
writingby
GARDEN.
A KITCHEN
FORMING
rats
and
but he
"

"

injuredby
My

;"

was

solitaryindividual,

kitchen gardenis always an interestmg

talked about even
in Liverpool.
A wELL-jiANAGED
useful lessons may
experienceof Covent Garden is very limited. and instructive sight,and from it some
the
Its position,
I once
aspect,shelter,
had some
Cucumbers
so
very fine a little after be gainedat all seasons.
of its soil and subsoil,the kinds
Christmas
and peculiarities
that I wrote to a friend,and asked him to nature
of
inquirethe pricein Covent Garden of good Cucumbers, of fruit cultivated,the form, health, and productiveness
and general
of pruning,training,
the trees, the modes
thinking mine worth sending. His reply was, "I am
and
cussion
disfor inquiry
asked for good ones
3s. 6d. to 5"." I thoughthalf that
culture followed, form ample matter
during winter,
especially
at all times, but more
pricewill do for me, so sent a box to the man I understood
by far too numerous
Al in the market.
I kept his letter as a curiosity.while at other times a host of subjects,
was
attention.
claim our
It stated that the writer would be gladof another box at to mention separately,
garden the chief things
the best ever
once
in the
In selecting
a site for a kitchen
were
seen
; that the Cucumbers
market
at that time of the year, and even
volunteered the to be soughtfor are a deep fertile soil,slopinggentlyto
statement
that they were
much
finer than some
just the south or south-west, well sheltered on the north and
received from a celebrated grower near
who had
east sides by high banks, or hills,or loftyumbrageous
Liverpool,
close by and
hitherto sent the best. On receiving
a requestfor a third
trees,and with an abundance of pure water
box, which I at once forwarded, I gentlyinsinuated that yet springingfrom a considerable elevation above the
be brought to the
of the price I was
account
so that it may
an
to receive would
be satisfactory.highestgarden levels,
the crops by
and distributed among
The cash was
promptly forwarded, and amounted
garden throughpipes,
alludingto this most
to 9s. a dozen, from which packing had to be deducted. My
of a hose and jet. While
means
London
friend wrote rather strongly,
and, from curiosity,efficient method of watering,it may be well to advert to
rain water, or
that may safelybe used
advised me
to try another shop. I did so, and received
the kind of water
8s a dozen.
This was
the last time anythingwent from ' that which is exposed constantlyto the softeningand
to be sold.
warming influence of sun and air,is undoubtedlythe best
my placeto London
this,I cannot
This subject
has been broughtto my recollection by 1 for all kinds of plants; but while granting
the evil
seeingan account sent to a nobleman lately
by a dealer I but think that undue stress has been laid upon

his conduct

was

own

"

No. 536." Vol.

XXL,

New

Series.

No. 1188." Vol.

XL

VI., Old

Series.

JOUKNAL
the application
of
attencling

OF

HOETICULTURE

AND

GAEDENEB.

COTTAGE

[ July 6, 1871.

cold springwater to growing crops.

writers have even
Some
gone so far as to say that the effect of
is so hurtful,that rather than use
snoh water
it they would
withhold water altogether. Now, in arrangingthe water supply

they presenta more

imposing appearance, and are heated much
more
easilyand economicallythan they could be if placed in
the haphazard and loose fashion too often to be seen.
The
care
and
building of glasshouses is a matter requiring much
when
the work is not done by a regular'
thirsty forethought,especially

of a new
garden,our thoughts naturallyt'lru to the hot
months
when
of summer,
water is requiredin sneh abundance.
Fjr several years I have been obligedto use cold spring water

horticultural

builder.

In

well-built house

we

have

an

excel- i

and elegance; consider- \

strength,lightness,
in summer,
flowers,fruit trees, and vegeingenuity is also displayed in the details oil
tables
and in some
in largequantities,
instances twice a-day. such buildings. In order that the plants cultivated in them"'
The water is pumped through pipes to the flower garden, and
equable temperature than our
enjoy a higher and more
may
carried in waterpots to other parts fresh and cold as it comes
should
so
climate affords,we
construct them
that while all
the spring far down
in the earth ; yet,though the
excluded,copious
chillingdraughts or coli? showers are entirely
Dp from
water has been poured upon the soil coveringthe roots of the
be
and
littleobstrucas
tion
given at will,
suppliesof fresh air may
soil and rich mulching through which it first
as
plants,the warm
possiblebe offered to the sun's rays. The best houses
alter its character before
those having all the framing and sash-bars
for all purposes
are
passes undoubtedly very materially
it reaches the spongiolesof the plants. Sweeping assertions
sufficient stability
is imparted by
of lightwoodwork, to which
are
suitable
ironwork
Such
rarelyquite sound, and lookingfairlyat the results of my
judiciouslyfitted to the interior.
I can
own
and
practice,
hardly suppose that those who altogether houses are far superiorto those which have the framework
the use
condemn
of spring water
affected by
growing crops have
fittingsentirelyof iron, as they are not so much
among
ever
given it a fair trial. It is rightto say thit for pot plants extreme heat or cold ; they are much
cheaper and are equally
this water
was
durable.
exposed to the air for a few hours, and then
used with most
results.
fruit
for
the
trees is an important,
The preparationof stations
satisfactory
The
pipes through which the water passes from ponds or
and in poor soils a somewhat
costly,undertaking if well done ;
reservoirs should
be 1} ioob in diameter, and of cast-iron, for unless the young
abundant
an
trees have
supply of rich
each length having a socket at one
end into which the small
factory
loam to feed upon they are quitecertain to fail to make a satisend of the next length is thrust and soldered with lead.
This
growth. In carryingout this operationI can offer no
main pipe should,of course, bf laid underground deeplyenough
better advice than that given by Mr. Errington under the heading
to be safe from
frost,and along the most direct route into the
of
Stations for Fruit Trees."
be connected
the
with it at any point
After marking out the desired position for the stations,
garden, as branch pipes can
required. There should be plentyof these branches,with stopcocks first thing to be considered is whether the ground is naturally
and nozzles at diiJerent points,so that a short length of
hole
need
too wet or too dry. If the former, the
only be half
hose may sufhoe for watering the whole of the garden. The
rise above the ordi- (
the prescribeddepth ; the other half may
laying of so many branch pipes,of course, involves a someoccasion to elevate
what
nary ground level. If too dry there is no
must
the surface, only care
be taken not to place the collar of
largeroutlayin the first instance,but it invariablyproves
economical
to be the most
and efficient plan in the end, beis a serious fault under
all circumcause the tree too deep, which
stances.
a long length of hose is not only unwieldly,but owing to
The stations should be made to extend 3 feet on each
the wear
and tear it undergoes it soon
side of the positionfor the tree, thus producing an excavation
requiresrenewing. The
size of the hose should be in proportionto the pressure
of 6 feet square.
of the
A depth of 2 feet is amply sufSeient for
it to be less than five-eighths any fruit tree, and especiallyfor a dwarfing plan. The soil
water, but I would not recommend
inch in diameter, and if larger the watering will,of
of an
should then be thrown
entirelyout, and 4 or 5 inches more
be done more
be allowed for some
course,
quickly. It should be of indiarubber, must
impervious material, which shall
and of good quality; that bearing the technical name
of 2- ply presentlybe described.
In throwing out the soil care
must be
is best,it being reallya tube composed of two layersof canvas
taken to place it in samples,or both labour and material will be
indiarubber.
between
wasted.
It very frequentlyhappens that three distinct samples
After the site of the garden is selected and cleared of any
to hand
of soil or subsoil will come
during the operation. Of
trees or other encumbrances, the first work
all clayey,or sour, and badly-colouredsubsoil must
to be done is to
be
course
thoroughly drain it ; in doing this care must be taken to lay rejected,
and its amount
will be supplied by the new
material
the pipes evenly and with suffioientfall to carry off the water
to be introduced ; and if this is scarce, any ordinary surface
branch
or
quickly. All the tributary
soil may be in part substituted.
In filling
the materials
back
pipes should be 2 inches
and the mains 4 inches in diameter.
The depth at which these
wards,
again the best of the originalsurface soil must be kept downdrains are laid below the surface must depend altogether
it
with
the
soil
the
inferior
new
or
thoroughly
mixing
;
upon
the nature
of the soil. In a light,deep, open soil the water is second-rate soil
As to
may be kept to dress the surface with.
best kept at 4 feet below the surface, the drains being 30 feet
character of soil to be introduced, that depends partlyupon
apart, but in heavy tenacious soils half that depth, or even
the kind
less, the soil alreadyexistingin the garden, as well as on
is best, and the distance of the drains from each other should
of fruit tree about to be planted. If the soil is naturallysandy
be reduced to 20 feet.
and dry, a very stiffor clayeyloam should be selected ; if naturally
Nest to the drainingcomes
the buildingof the walls,which
clayey,any fresh,mellow, sandy loam, or even the parings
should be entirelyof the best kiln bricks,and the height should
of roadsides,
lanes will prove excellent material.
or
commons,
be from 10 to 12 feet above the ground line,and the thickness
The furrowingsof old leys from what is considered good wheat
about 14 inches.
Cire must be taken to have enough doors in
soil are, however, of all other soils the best adapted for general
the walls to afford easy access
to the premises and
materials are
grounds fruit culture. Whatever
used, let it be remembered
close by. In all gardens exceedingan acre
in size there should
that the more
of turfymatter that can
be introduced the
be a pair of foldinggates large enough to give admission
will
the
endure.
to a
of
even
from
longer
compost
Any sort
turf,
cart.
manure
If a broad walk crosses
the centre of the garden hungry situations,
relished by fruit trees. If,neveris most
theless,
from these gates,soil and manure
buted
turf can be obtained,and the soil is loose and poor,
no
may be carted in and distriall sides with much
on
ease
and expedition. Supposing it is well to introduce any refuse vegetablesof a dry character,
this central walk to be 9 feet wide,all the other walks should be
such as decayed bean or pea haulm, ordinary straw, old thatch,
about 5 feet wide, and made
indeed anything of a decaying vegetable character which
or
thoroughly hard and sound with
a
depth of 9 inches of gravel,or broken stone surfaced with
is strong in fibre and enduring. If any manure
is thought
For
gravel.
be better or
edgings to the walks nothing can
be fresh from
the stable or cow-shed,
necessary, it should
than the dwarf-growing Box.
neater
tiles
Edging
longer in the soil,merely using one
present a as such will endure
for a time, but much
barrowful of mellow
of
and rather rich soil to plant the tree in.
very neat and finished appearance
this is lost when
the tiles become
As before observed, the inferior portion of the soil may
be
displacedand broken from
the sinkingof the earth and other causes.
If the gradientsof reserved to dress the surface of the station with, after the
of
the
are
made
drains and
paths
any
tree is planted; here it will do no
very sharp, as they are
harm, and will be in an
gratings should be laid. Such drains can, of course, be easily improvable position.
connected
with the regular garden drains.
The
We
to the hard materials
for the bottom
of the
now
come
making of
these drains will be more
fullyexplainedin a future paper on
hole,4 or 5 inches in depth, as before stated. It matters not
road-making.
what this is composed of : broken stones from quarries,brickbats,
If the glasshouses
built in the garden they should be
are
chalk, cinders,or clinkers,Sso.,all are eligible.These
arranged in a neat compact block, so as to encroach upon the being rammed
hard, throw a coating of fine-riddled cinders or
and also because when
space as littleas possible,
so
arranged very fine gravel over the rbole : this secures
drainage, and

giving it

daily to

lent combination
able mechanical

"

of

July 6, It 71. ]

JOUENAL

OF

garden thoroughly well in every part,than if,as is sometimes

the case, the land devoted to the culture of fruit and vegetables
far apart from
so
consists of two or three separate portions,
of superintendence a very
each other as to make
the work
undertaking.
arduous
and
most
unsatisfactory
frequently

extent.
prevents Ihe roots entering the subsoil to any irjarious
{CottageGardener, Vol. I.,page 88.)
fruit trees last autumn
In plantingsome
hundreds
of young
in all its most
I followed this excellent method
important
surrounded
details ; and as all the stations were
by a firm hard
taken
additional
to
connect
the
of
mass
precautionwas
clay,
all of them by means
of suitable pipes with the garden drains
"

nearest

GAEDENEB.

COTTAGE

AND

HOKTIGULTURE

"

Luckhxjiist.

Edward

to them.

selectingthe fruit trees, if the collectionis not a large

well
merits are
one, it is best to keep to those kinds whose
established,
for,if novelties or scarce vaiieliea are sought for,
vigorousplantsare hardly ever to be had.
that of prepaiing the garden soil.
Following this work comes
be stirred to a depth
Whatever be its nature, it should certainly
of 18 inches or 2 feet,taking care
to keep the best soil uppermost
There
and working-in a liberal dressing of manure.
-should be no hesitation about the last-named operation,for if
She soil is to give some
have liberal
returns quicklyit must
when
It is very rarelyindeed that fresh-stirredsoil,
reatment.
bus devoted to vegetableculture,is not greatlybenefited and
jiprovedby a plentifuladmixture of some nitrogenousmanure.
Take; 'or instance,a poor shallow soil restingupon clay, and
from which the nutriment
for a long course
has been absorbed
jofyears by the roots of forest trees ; when the wood is cleared
/awaythe surface is seen to be covered with decayedvegetable
(matterresultingfrom the annual fall of leaves. Too much
the value of this substress should not, however, be laid upon
I stance to counterbalance
the poverty of the soil,for in such a
case, it vegetableculture is attempted without the aid of plenty
of good farmyard manure
it will result in a miserable failure.
formed
When
a piece of land is surrounded
by a wall, and thus transinto a garden, far greater results are expected from it
fore
and therethan before,even
if it had been under
cultivation,
be taken to thoroughly enrich the
must
vigorousmeasures
soil with manure
in proportion to its strengthand the requirements

ROSES

OLD

AND

NEW

TRIAL.

UNDER

In

have not
list of Boscs under trial. Some
but I will only speak of successes.
yet given satisfaction,
de
Perfection
The
:
1,
followingI can highly recommend
Chirard
(unknown); 3, Edward
Ljon (Ducher); 2, Madame
Lately

"

crops.
Supposing this work to have been done soon enough to bring
the soil into tolerable condition during winter,as the planting
of Asparagus,Sea-kale,
season
Ehubarb,
arrives,
plantations
Artichokes,Horseradish, and herbs should be made in proportion
to the requirements of the family. All these,which may
be regarded as permanent crops, must be planted in a deep
rich soil. In planting Asparagus I prefer singlerows
4.feet
apart, with the plants 1 foot from each other in the rows.
of the borders,
on
some
Strawberrybeds should be principally
and attractive
a collection of the best kinds forming an
interesting
feature in a garden.
As the fruit trees planted within the garden walls are hardly
sufficient to supply all the requirements of a family,an
ever
orchard is made
the garden, and yet well away from the
near
dressed grounds. All kinds of fruit required for culinarypurposes
should be grown here, so as to keep most of the choice
dessert sorts in the garden. Without
kinds
specifyingparticular
for orchard culture,it may
be stated that there should be a
of cooking Apples, Pears for stewing, and
good assortment
lars,
Cherries,Plums, and Quinces for tarts and preserving. Medand Black Currants should also be planted. If a
Filberts,

positionfor such a purpose can be secured behind

wall it is to be preferred,as then the orchard,soil
yard, a space for odd frames and pits,and the sheds and underall be snugly enclosed with a substantial
can
gardeners'rooms
boarded fence,startingfrom the wall at the east and west ends,
and describing
best suited to
a square or semicircle or any form
the features of the enclosed space, or the surrounding land and
trees if there are any.
The sheds and garden offices include a
tool shed,stokery,fruit room, Mushroom
house, store shed for
roots,bothy,office,and pottingshed ; to these it will be well to
add a rough shed for soil,and a workshop for the men, to be
used in showery
weather.
In this building there should be a
bench and suitable tools for rough carpentry.Where
carpenter's
there are no regular carpentersor painterskept for the estate
about the garden,
work, there should always be a handy man
able to do any such odd jobs as glazingand painting,or repairing
barrows and other things; it is a serious matter to have to
send five or six miles for a glazierin the forcingseason, or at
any time for so frivolous a matter as puttingin a fresh pane of
favourable

glass.
In writing this article,
without
entering very closelyinto
I have striven to enforce the importance of making the
details,
garden and all its surroundings of as compact a character as
not only for the sake of economising space, but as the
possible,
basis of real

efficiency
; it being far

easier to manage

such

of Edinburgh (Messrs.
Paul);
(Granger)
; 4, The Duke
The first three are first(Liabautl).
5, Marquise de Mortemart
for
rate in every respect. 1 is the finest Eose I have seen
many
years ; 2 is quite fit to go with it ; 3 is magnificentand
4
is
of
Jules
a
most
lovely
Margottin ;
a great improvement on
colour; 5 is not surpassed in delicacyof colour. Its growth,
4 is a free giower, but the first
however, is only moderate.
logue.
three are strong growers, and will long stay in a good cata-

of the intended

the north

I gave

Morren

all I can
speak of at present.
old Roses that deserve a word of praise
Guinoisseau, pale rose; Triomphe de Caen, a velvety
Emile
crimson purple ; Gfiu6ral Jacqueminot ; Madame
Boyau,
like beautiful Madeline.
variable flesh,
but often marked
They
mirable
and free bloomers, and admoderate
are
growers, abundant
These

There
Madame

are

are

some

"

last two have been overlooked by

beautiful Eoses.
The blooms
of the
in aspect, the colour is
and smooth
true sort are
very even
from
this name
I have
two plants under
a salmon-rose.
another
firm, but they are Marie Cirodde, and their blooms
down
Mr.
I
described
cut
those
Pochin,
by
are
as
rough as
The

for bedders.
the " fast coaches."
A few words about

They

are

Souvenir de Poiteau.

plantsof Marie Cirodde,a fine grower, on account of its

rough aspect,and budded them with the Duke of Edinburgh,
which, though very beautiful,has as yet been hardly full
enough. Eleven plants survived the winter and are blooming
nicely.
Over
Eoses are wonderfullyfine here, and abundant.
The
thousand
one
people have visited the gardens since Whitwhen
they like.
Tuesday. I allow rich and poor to come
guerite
beautiful white Bourbon, Marmost
I have overlooked
a
and wins
Bonnet
; it is a good grower, has fine foliage,
twelve

ladies' hearts.

"

PATIENCE

W.

F. EADCLyFFE.

UNDER

THE

CUCUMBER

DISEASE.

Cucumbers
I HAVE
very extensivelyfor years, but I
grown
been successful all the time, for,like
cannot
say that I have
of my unfortunate
neighbours,I thought the Cucumber
many
caused
disease was
by neglect. As I always adhere to the
Prevention
is better than cure," I used every precaution
motto,
a visit;but, like many
more,
to prevent its paying me
in its very worst
I am
entirelybeaten by it,for it viaited me
I am
form for three years.
happy, however, to add that it has
that
I
confess
I am
and
as ignorant
now
entirelydisappeared,
at firstof its coming.
as to its departureas I was
houses
all the time,
Cucumbers
in the same
I have grown
a temporary
besides other houses, of which I have made
use,
has
of your writers
at present
that none
convinced
but I am
"

or
cure.
made
any correct statement as to its cause
Like Mr. R. Fish, on page 271, I find the only plan to adopt
for I have found the disease generally
is to plant frequently,
has been said as to composts,
affects the old plants. Much
most
tion
givingair,care of temperature and watering; and attenthe
where
even
is
all
I
to
of these, admit,
very necessary,
disease is at present a stranger ; but I have tried every means
in houses
Cucumbers
that could be thought of. I have grown
built expresslyfor them, in Pine stoves, in vineries ; I have
also grown them in frames of wood, in brick pits,under handbut no matter
where,
and out of doors on beds of leaves
lights,
the disease found them
out; soil,temperature,and situation
"

made

no

difference.

is that, like the Potato disease and the cattle

Besides
disease will have its course.
plague,the Cucumber
in all about five years
the three years I had it so badly,it was
what I have seen, I think
left me
before it entirely
; and, from
at a place,from five to seven
that once
it makes its appearance
elapsebefore it entirelydisappears. As to different
years must
now
are
modes
of culture,I have tried all,and my Cucumbers
treatment as that I adoptedin 1867,
under the same
flourishing

My opinion

JOUENAL

OF

HOKTICULTUEE

AND

COTTAGE

GAEDENEE.

[ Jaly 6, 1871.

and then I could

scarcelyever cut a respectablefruit. So 1 of an ice-housp,with cooling-roomA. a a are trussed timbers

venture to ask, Has soil,temperature, watering,"o., anjthiBg l-ilaced
about 4 feet apart, for the support of slat floor e, upon
to do with the Cuenmber
disease ?
My own experiencereplies-,which the ice is placed,allowingthe air beneath to have direct
Nothing whatever.
contact with it. Space c, is a cold-air chamber, with water-light
As regardsremedies,I think there are none, for I tried everyin order to collect the ice water
bottom, which is inclined,
in
thing
I could think of. At first I thought,like many
others, troughsfollowingthe sides of the structure. Space f, over the
the disease must
be caused by something being wrong
at the
ice,should be about 2 feet,and the ceiling
should be covered on
roots,and, if I remember
aright,the first applicationthat I the under side of the joistwith common
boards,and be filled
used was
lime and water.
I soon
found this had no
the objectbeing
effect, from 8 to 10 inches thick with loose (-havings,
advised to try it by a great grower of Cucumalthough I was
bers.
to allow the air to pass in finely-divided
currents from space
After this failed I thought of the wonderful
effects of
D into F.
On the top of the roof is the injecting
ventilator e,
charcoal on
kinds of plants,and I at once
some
tried it. I
and in the walls are flues terminatinginto ejecting
ventilators,
Lad a lot beaten up almost into powder, put it into a tub of
h. The movements
of the air will naturallybe as indicated by
water overnight,and in the morning used it after adding sufficient
the arrows.
The warmer
air in a will rise,and ascend through
hot water
it warm.
to make
I used charcoal several
times,both in water and in the soil,but to no purpose.
The
disease was
bad
and
other
as
as
ever
liquids of different
;
natures were
of no
I had, as I have stated,plenty of
use.
and houses for my purpose, therefore I tried everything
room
I thought likely
to prove a remedy at the same
time.
One
house I kept very wet, the atmosphere damp, the temperature
high ; next to it I kept a house with,say, the soil dry,the atmosphere
damp, and the temperature low, and I went on
changing in different ways in eighthouses,some a long distance
from others,and some
in the same
range, but I have seen
very
little difference ; if there was
in favour of
any, I think it was
keeping the soil rather dry when the disease made its appearance,
and preservinga moist atmosphere and cool temperature,
acd, as should always be done, giving air early. It seems
strange,but I could grow a crop of Melons without seeingthe
least sign of disease in the same
house.
The Cucumbers
so
had only been taken out three days previousto
badly infected,
In fact,I never
the least signof displantingthe Melons.
saw
ease
on the Melons,
and I hope I never
shall. Akimo et fide.
"

ICE-HOUSES.
The

rules to
practical

be observed in the harvesting,storing,

and preservation
of ice may be briefly
summed
up as follows :
1. Secure the purest and most
solid ice ; it should, particularly,
be free from organic substances.
2. Get the ice when it
is coldest;it is decidedlybeneficial to store it with a temperature
considerablybelow the melting poiui. 3. Put it up in a
and
solid
that
the
least
amount
of
surface
so
body,
compact
influenees.
4. Do not directly
may be exposed to extraneous
it with organic substances,such as straw,
Burround or cover
5. Preserve considerable space about
shavings,and sawdust.
water
the body of the ice,and ventilate the same
; that no
should be allowed to stand around
below it,is a matter of
or
6. Keep the organicsubstances forming the non-concourse.
ducting
material in the walls and roof of the ice-house dry, in
order to prevent any evolution of heat from decay or rot.
the aperturesd, into chamber
cooled,
c, touch the ice,become
A knowledge of the fact that heated air rises,
and the cold
The atmospheric air
air remains on the lowest plane of a room,
led to the expedient and fall back into A through aperture f.
will enter space d, and divide itselfthrough ceilingi, into space
intended to be aooled.
But next
of placingthe ice over
a room
along
the questionregarding the most
economical
and efficient F, pass over the exposed surface of the ice,and descend
arose
its four sides through the slat floor b, into chamber
o, and
method
of transmittingthe coolingeffect of the ice through the
thence
into
for
An
foul
air
room
use.
of
equal quantity
a,
below.
Wood
first used, but this
was
ceilinginto the room
must
needs be allowed to escape through openings r/, and ejecting
into
allowed little of the coolness of the ice to be transmitted
ventilators h.
the room
below.
Then the ice was
so
packed as to have flues,
The advantages of this arrangement may be briefly
rated
enumewith holes through the ceilingbelow them, where the air coming
follows :
as
1. It is cheap. 2. It is durable.
3. It is in
in contact with the ice was
cooled,and this lowered the
accordance
with
laws.
4.
It
physical
accomplishes the
beneath.
ever, strict
By this arrangement, howtemperature of the room
ventilation of the ice in two ways : it sends the cool
became
the ice wasted rapidly,and the flues soon
so
large necessary
the
which
otherwise be
air
from
above
and
around
would
ice,
the cooling
when
benefit justat the season
as to prove of no
A ; and since the air is continually
totally
lost,into the room
desirable.
most
one
ceived
coneffects of the ice were
Lastly,some
supplied from the atmosphere, preserves the purityof the air
of iron, which would most
the idea of making the ceiling
vantageous,
adin room
5. The cold air in chamber
A.
c is peculiarly
it to
and cause
directlycool the uppermost air in the room
of cool air into
since it allows the transmission
for other air to be cooled and descend
descend,making room
located
the
side
of
cnnl-room
rooms
A.
by
{Americaniiapcr in
These
in like manner.
ceilingswere most eagerlytaken hold
Mechanic
and IVorhl ofScience.)
of, and praised as perfection. But their use has developed Enplish
looked over
this plan for an ice-house.
[We have carefully
great defects. The galvanisingscales off,allowingrapid
many
round
become
corrosion of the metal ; the seams
broken,allowingthe The chief thing valuable we see in it,is Do not directlysurthe ice with organic matter, such as straw,
below is not properlyventilated
or
cover
water to run
through ; the room
to us
face
shavings,sawdust, tto." There are two things that seem
upon the sur; the condensing of the vapour in the room
see
shower ; besides,they are
of the iron causes
nothing of the cheapness
a constant
very objectionable;first,we
must
be
have
structed
conan
a
building
ice-loft,
spoken of, for to
very expensive.
with a cooling chamber
of the
To overcome
these objections,
and reduce the amount
beneath,quite as large as the
spheric
struction ice-loft over
the conit; and again, by the plan proposed, the atmofirst outlayto a minimum, an ice-house is proposed,
and arrangement of which are as shown in the annexed
air,however finelysifted,must pass over the body of
We can
the ice before it gets to the coolingchamber.
fancy
diagram.
do when passingover
The accompanying engravingshovs an uprightcioss section what air between 70" and 80" would soon
"

"

"

"

"

JOURNAL

July 6, 1871. ]

OF

AND

HORTIGULTUKE

such as
We could think of a system of reversal,
enteringat h h, and escaping at e ; but we are inclined
The
ice to be a mistake.
to think the whole idea of ventilating
sloping bottom of the ice loft,so as to convey all water from
melted ice from the sides is good ; but then no ice well will long
is not made
keep ice if,by sufficienttrappeddrainage,provision
againstany stagnant water, and the fogs and exhalations that
would
rise from it. The trap in the drain is to prevent the
heated air of summer
passing in, whilst the redundant water
fied
such a house, we should be satisHad
to make
wo
goes out.
with good open drainageat the bottom of the coolingroom,
with
all
do
away
commencing with a drain ; then we would
cold-air chambers, and ventilating
the double floors,
shafts,fill
lator
the place with ice from bottom to top, and have a small ventior
pipe at e, under control,to let out any mists or fogs
The
the ice.
and round
that might accumulate
over
plan
shown, however, is ingenious,and we should like to have the
opinions of others as well. Eds.]
a mass

of ice.

the air

"

HOHTICULTURAL

ROYAL

SOCIETY.

Jtjlt 5th.

GARDENER.

COTTAGE

In the amateurs'

classes

was
competition

more

brisk.

For

forty-

Bromyard,
Arkwright,Pf-ucombo Rectory,
France, Esmeralda, fine
was
in colour ; Baroness Rothschild,Triomphe de Rennes, Princess Mary
Knorr, Mrs. Charles
of Cambridge, Souvenir d'un Ami, Madame
Hector
Jacquin. Second came
Wood, Souvenir d'Elise,and Madame
T. Laxton, Esq.,Stamford, with John
Hopper, Expositionde Brie,
Margueritede St. Amand, Charles Lefebvrc, Pierre Netting, Abel
Grand, fine,others good, and Annie Laxton, a prettypink seedUng.
Mr. Chard, gardener to Sir F. Bathurst, Clarendon Park,
Third came
Mount,
Salisbury; and fourth,R. N. G. Baker, Esq.,9, Salisbui-y
who
had very largetrusses but too far gone.
Heavitree,
Mr. Ingle,gardener to Mrs.
For
Round, Birch Hall,
thu'ty-six,
Mr. Chard
was
first,
second,R. N. G. Baker,Esq.,third,and
Colchester,
Mr. P. Stoddart,gardenerto H. J. G. Rebow, Esq.,Wivenhoe
Park,
of Marie
Baumann,
fourth. In these stands we noticed fine specimens
Duke of Edinburgheverywhere
good,La France, Nardy Frcres,John
Hopper,Senateur Vaisse,Victor Verdier,Baroness Rothschild,Adam,
Marie Rady, Alfred Colomb, Emilie Hausburg, and others.
For twenty-four,
singletrusses, Mr. J. Skinner,gardener to Capt.
first with trusses which, though not
Westerham
Hill, was
Christy,
John Hopper,
especially
large,were for the most part in fine condition,
de Rohan,
Victor Verdier, Jules Margottiu, Charles Lefehvre, Due
Mr. W.
Houtte.
Soder,
Prince Camille de Rohan, and Louis Van
second; Mr. Wakely, Raiuham,
gardener to O. Hanbury, Esq.,was
of his
Kent, third ; and R. B. Postans,Esq.,Brentwood, fourth,some
trusses beingremarkably fiue.
the
In twelves, Mr. J. C. Quinnell,Brentwood, took the first place,
Rev. C. C. Ellison, Bracebridge Vicarage, Lincoln, the second,Mr.
Baroness
child,
RothsVictor
Mr.
Soder
fourth.
Verdier,
and
Wakely third,
John Hopper,Charles Lefehvre,Alfred
Madame
C. Joigneaux,
Furtado, Elie Morel, Napoleon III., and Marie
Colomb, Madame
Baumann
by
were
represented beautiful trusses.
from Messrs.
of 1869 or 1870, the best twelve came
Of new
Roses
Mr. Gladstone,noticed last week ; Paul
Paul " Son, and the best were
d'Osford, splendidflowing colour ; Marquise de
Neron, Comtesse
de Lesseps,
Houtte, very fine ; Ferdinand
Castellane,Louise Van
Mermet
Mdlle.
(Tea),and Madame
Eugenie Verdier, Catherine

eightsingletrusses

first with

the

Rev.

G.

excellent examples of La

unfortunate weather there could hardlyhave been than

the Royal Horticultural
occurred on the day when
that after a
and National
Rose Show
was
held,and, moreover,
longseries of days disastrous to the beauties of the Rose. The
north of England did not put in an appearance, the south was
but under the adverse circumstances we need
represented,
fairly
not be surprisedthat the Show
not
so
was
good,take it all in
either
of those in former
in
all,
quantityor quality,as some
called " roughThere was
much
of what is technically
ness,"
years.
to
and there were
many damaged petals. AVe are pleased
add, however, that the attendance of visitors was very good,
notwithstandinga thunderstorm
early in the afternoon,accom
of the
second with a stand in which some
Mr. Turner
was
Laurent.
panicd with a heavy downpour of rain.
blooms had been damaged by the weather. Mdlle. Eugenie Verdier,
The Roses were
the great feature of the day,and from the later
Lord
and
fine
Louisa Wood, Miss Poole,
Napier
; Comtesse d'Oxford,
periodat which the Show was held they were, on the whole, superior
the best.
Aristide was
were
very good, and Tippoo Sahib, though
to most of those exhibited at the CrystalPalace,both in size and
to be a very desirable variety.For twelve
weather-stained,
appeared
the two shows
the weather
in the interval between
freshness. Still,
first with
of 1869-70,Messrs. Paul " Son were
trusses of any Rose
of stands exhibited,
has been unfavourable. The number
doubtless
Mr. Turner
was
Comtesse d'Osford,brilliantin colour,a fine Rose.
owing to these causes, was not so great as we have seen on former second with Miss Poole, in find condition,and, as remarked in a
vious
preoccasions.
In the nurserymen's
class for seventy-twosingletrusses,
Rose
of
of
trusses
fine
Rose.
For
six
new
1869-70^
any
report,a
Messrs. Paul " Son had beautifal examplesof Queen Victoria,
Duke
first with Louis Van
Messrs. Paul " Son were
Houtte, rich velvety,
of Edinburgh,Madame
Victor Verdier,Louis Van Hontte, Paul Neron,
firm also exhibited Mdlle. E. Verdier,
crimson.
The same
shaded
dark
La France, Triomphe de Rennes, Camille
Bernardin, Dr. Andry,
colour. No second prizewas
very open, though of a beautiful rose
Mdlle. Julie Daran, LeopoldHausburij,ExposiDuchesse de Caylus,
tion
awarded.
de Malmaison,
de Brie,Princess Mary of Cambridge, Souvenir
from Messrs. Paul " Son,
The best collectionof yellowRoses came
Marechal
Celine Forestier,
Vaillant,Mdlle. Therese Levet, Caroline and consisted of fine
trasses of Triomphe de Rennes, Celine Forestier,
Sansal, Duchesse de Morny, small, but fine in colour ; Souvenir
Gloire de Dijon,with prettybuds of Madame
Falcot,but Marechal
d'Elise,Elie Morel, Marie
Baumaun, Maurice
Bernardin, Marie
Stoddart was
its usual beauty. Mr.
Niel far from equalling
second,
Rady, Baroness Rothschild,Marechal
Niel, and Olivier Delhomme.
Roses
and Noisette
were
and Mr. May, Stisted,third. Tea-scented
Messrs. Erancis " Co. sent a stand in which there were
many inferior not so fine as we have seen
them.
The best twelve in the amateurs'
blooms.
Messrs. Francis second.
Messrs. Paul were
first,
from Mr. Thorneycroft,
Floore,Weedon, were, however,very good,
class,
The next class was
for forty-eight,
three trusses of each.
Messrs.
but not large.
Devoniensis,Narcisse,and Celine Forestier,
Paul " Son were
first with John
Hopper, Horace Vernet, Prince of especially
and Mr. Tranter,Upper Assendon, third.
Mr. Stoddart was
second,
Rose ; Paul Verdier,very beautiful ; Victor Verdier,
Wales, a globular
first for twelve singleblooms, showing
Mr. Turner, of Slough,was
Caraille
Beauty of Waltham, in fine condition ; General Jacqueminot,
Bernardin, Mdlle. Therese Levet,La France, very fine ; Elie Morel, among others admirable examples of Marie Baumann, Lord Herbert,
Victor
Duke
of Edinburgh,La France, and Margueritede
Duke
Verdier,
of Edinburgh,Alfred Colomb, lovely; Madame
Marie
Caillat,
Mr. Hermans, Herenthals,Antwerp,was the onlyforeign
Baumanu, Madame
Laurent, Leopold Hausburg, Marguerite de St. St. Amand.
Amand, Baroness Rothschild,Centifolia rosea, Due de Rohan, Charles exhibitor of Roses, and they were hopelesslydamaged in transit.
Mr. William Paul
offered prizesfor three blooms of his beautiful
Mr. Turner
second with
Rouillard,and Triomphe de Rennes,
came
petition.
stands in which
fine trusses of La
were
France, Anna de Diesbach, new Rose Princess Christian,but we did not notice any stand in comMore

that which

"

of Edinburgh, Baroness Rothschild,

Climbing Devoniensis, Duke
Roses in pots could not have been shown in finer bloom than they
Miss Ingram, Glqirede Dijon, Celine Forestier,Edward
Morreu,
Camille Bernardin, Alfred Colomb, Beauty of Waltham, and Victor were
by Mr. Turner, Messrs. Paul " Son, and Messrs. Veitch. For
limited
that the exhibitors were
number and size of blooms, considering
Verdier.
Duke
of Edinburgh,Baroness
8-inch
to
For twenty-four
three trusses of each, Messrs.
pots,they were marvellous.
Hybrid Perpetuals,
Turner
f
rom
Mr.
Paul " Son were
Charlotte,Queen
Victoria,
first
Rothschild,
;
Imperatrice
trusses
of
again
with, among
others,splendid
Duke
of Edinburgh,
Marie
Morren, Maurice Bernardin, and others from Messrs. Paul
Bauraann, Marie Rady,Madame
Vigneron, Edward
in
the
Messrs.
also
and
exhibited
Veitch
Veitch
Due de Rohan, Baroness Rothschild,Maurice
were
tifolia
magnificent.
Bernardin,Lrelia,Cenmiscellaneous
class a largeand fine group.
Some
rosea, Alfred Colomb, and
Marquise de Mortemart.
Second
others, though fine,were
littleoverblown.
a
Mr. J.
came
Prizes were
offered by his Grace the Duke of Buccleuch, PresidentFraser,of Lea Bridge Road, who had beautifully
coloured very fresh
of the Society,for the best group of three plants in pots for dinnerof Victor Verdier, Dr. Andry, Baroness
John
for plantsof Areca.
table
Rothschild,
to Mr. Chard
decoration. The
firstwent
Hopper,Alfred Colomb, Duke of Edinburgh,Margueritede St. Amand, aurea, about a foot high,and Hyophorbe Verschaffeltii1^ foot taller.
Mr. Turner, of Slough,sent Duke
and Xavier Olibo
of Edinburgh, Mr. Bull
in second
with Geonoma
came
Schottiana, Dosmonorops
trusses

La France, Charles Perry,and several others very fine. Messrs.

Messrs. E. G. Henderson " Co. were
plumosus,and DekenianobiUs.
Francis " Co. also exhibited in this class.
third.
Mr. George, gardenerto Miss Nicholson, sent dwarf beautifully-fruited
for twenty-four
Class 6 was
trusses.
Mr. Turner
first
The
President
also offered prizesfor groups
single
was
Aucuhas.
with Denis Helye,Duke of Edinburgh,Madame
Clemence Joigneaus, suitable for the dinner-table,
and consisting
of flowers or fruit,
or both
Horace
Vernet, Margueritede St. Amand, Francois
So Pearce,of Bond
Messrs. Phillips
first with
combined.
Street, were
Treyve,Victor
Verdier,ClimbingDevoniensis,and fine examples of others. Second
Palace
a design
very similar to that which theyexhibited at the Crystal
Mr. Walker, Thame, with John Hopper,Marie Baumann, Marie
came
a year ago, and
was
very elaborate in its details. The
centre-piece
Rady, "c. ; third,Messrs. Veitch. In both of the last two collections bordered with a broad-looking
entwined
glassedge,the stem gracefully
fine blooms of varietiesalready
there were
named.
with Cissus discolor,
and pendant glasses,
suspendedby chains from

HORTICULTUKE

OF

JOUKNAL

AND

COTTAGE

GAKDENER.

[ July 6, 1871.

those in tlietwo
Mr. Cox, gardener to Earl Beauchamp, Madresfield Court, wa
glassbrandies, were filleilwitlililue-corolla'etl Faclisias,
The
firstwith fine examples of the above, Laxton's
stands bein^;furnished with a Inud having a white corolla.
fection,
Alpha,Veitch's Persecond
Heaths.
Mr.
Chard
aud Laxtou's
i
n
each
second
dition
contained
was
case
Quantity, Mr. Frisbywas
with, in adtop (glasses
third with a graceful
"with March
to the named
desif^n.
sorts, Dwarf
stanls,and Miss Hassard
Waterloo, Alpha, and Supremo,
An extra prizewas awarded to Mr. Sodor, gardener to O. Hanhnry, Esi]. Messrs. Chard, Miles,Lumsden, and Brown, also sent gooddishes, but
for their size none
of the podswere
full as could have been desired.
Miscellaneoug
so
collections,though not so nninernus
as nsual,formed
Mr. Turner, Slough, sent splendid
effective part of the Exhibition.
an
Flokal
Cojtmtttee.
Dr. Denny in the chair.
First-clasi certificates
cut trusses of Verbenas
; Mr.
Hooper, Bath, Carnations,Cloves, and
for Pinks Dr. Masters aud
were
Shirley
given to Mr. Turner
Pinlis ; and
Messrs. E. G. Henderson
"; Son, a large collection of Hibberd
laced, the former with
large and very finely
; both of them
Tricolor Pelargoniums.
of a crimson
more
tinge. Mr. Wiggins, gardenerto Walter Beck, Esq.,
of Palms
and other fineFrom
M. D.iUicre,Ghent, came
a number
Isleworth, sent a very flue collection of Show
ing
Pelargoniums, containfrom
Messrs.
similar
a
Eollisson,Tooting,
;
plants;
group
foliaged
several very promisingkinds.
Ada with a maroon
top shading off

fold.

euA

"

from

Mr.

auratum,

Bull, Chelsea,
"j.

M.

nnmerous

Dallicre

sent

group of Orchids, Palms, Lilinm

fine group of Marautas
; Messrs.

several fine specimen Orchids.

largemixed group containing
with a plantof Tricolor Pelargonium
From Mr. Turner, Slough,came
a case
with
Rainbow,
foliage.
large and magnificently-coloured
Mr. Linden, of Brussels, seat Epidendrum Frederici-Gulielmi,
a
very fine rosy purplekind, and several Que specimen Orchids ; also a
Dioscollection of Marantas, and other fine-foUagedplants,of which
fully
had leaves very beauticorea
meleagris,Eldorado, and chrysophylla
marked.
Mr. Denning,gardenerto Lord Londesborongh. had a
Clowesii
remarkable
for
collection of Orchids,of which
was
Anguloa
the size and number
of its yellow Tnlip-likeflowers,
being,in fact,the
remember
finest specimenof this plant we
seeing. Mr. Turner, of
Slmgh, exhibited a brilliant group of new Show Pelargoniums.

KoUisson

lower petals,
received a firstto rose
at the edge,with rose-coloured
class certificate,as also did Enterprise.Messrs. E. G. Henderson
for Petunia
and Co. had a similar award
semidouble,white,
Coquette,
certificate for

"

C.

purple

border.

The

same

firm had

second-class

Pelargonium, apparently of the Blanchcfleur type,and likewise exhibited a hybrid Ivy-leavedPelargoniumof

and
free
Carnations
a variegated
leafyhabit,
Hydrangea japonica.
very
Picotees, the
members
Warren

of
was

Enchantress

results
the

same

also

with
various
moschatos
crossingDianthus
family. Silver Tricolor Pelargonium Minnie
in a basket as a good dwarf edgingvariety,

of

shown

which

it decidedly
is.
Messrs.
Backhouse, of York, exhibited Lithospermum petrreum
with beautiful heads
of cobalt-blue
flowers ; also Linum
salsoloides
with white flowers.
Both
of these had
first-class certificates. Mr.
Bull

Mr.
in the chair.
G. F. Wilson, Esq
Fktjit Co^imittee.
Turner, The Royal Nurseries,Slough, sent three splendid bunches

and

purplecentre

had

first-class certificate for

tree Fern
on
a
Erinus
Omen,

dwarf

stem, and

a
graceful
AsophilaSbepherdii,

of the second

one

class for Lobelia

purple and white, a pretty variety. He also sent

Black Hamburgh and Buckland
Sweetwater
Grapes, for which a special Musas and other plants with fine foliage. Mr. Croucher, gardenerto
T.
Peacock,
Hammersmith, had a first-classcertificate for a
Esq.,
Loxford
bunch
awarded.
Mr.
J.
sent
Hall,
a
certificatewas
Douglas,
Mr.
variegated form of Agave Verschaffeltii.
Green, gardener to
Sweetwater
and
of a seedlingWhite
Grape, a cross between Buckland
W.
W.
Saunders, Esq., had a similar award for HouUetia odoratissima
White
Frontignan,possessinga largeshare of the Frontignau flavour ;
with brown
and petals.Mr.
O
rchid
a
sepals
anlioquensis,
singular
Mr.
to
submit
which
a very promisingvariety,
Douglas was requested
again when fnllyripened. Mr. Cruickshank, gardener to Lord Belper, Hepper, gardener to P. Millard, Esq., The Elms, Acton, sect some
beautiful
of
the
and
flowers
of
Passiflora
specimens
quadrangularis,
sent a bunch of Chasselas
Kingston Hall,!Derby,
Musque,and another
three the other four
exhibiting
but neither of highflavour. two grafted plantsof Coleus, the one
of Muscat
Muscadine, the latter quiteripe,
of

not exactlyagreed as to their correct names.

were
Douglas, Losford Hall,Ilford,sent a magnificentdish of Lucas
but
rather
Strawberries,
wanting in tiavonr,like all Strawberries this
awarded.
Mr. Paul, Waltham
A special
certificate was
season.
Cross,
Bent a dish of Waltham
Seedling Strawberry of good appearance, but
flavour wanting. Mr.
Trotman, Spring Grove Nursery, Isleworth,
sent a dish of Royalty Strawberry, a new
varietycertificated last
flavour.
Messrs. Paul " Sons sent
Hautbois
season, possessinga slight
collection of Strawberries,as follows :
Premier, Melius, Princess
a
Alice Maude, British Queen, Abd-el-Kader, Fran(;ois
Joseph II.,large
and
firm; and
coarse; President,Marguerite, Dr. Hogg, large and
Sir Harry.
None
of the varieties were
good in flavour. Mr. Tillery,
The

Committee

Mr.

"

Welbeck,
gardener,
lette Hative
Mr.

Peaches and Viovery fine dish of Galande

certificate was
awarded.
A special
seedlingMelon with deep green flesh,and of good

sent
Nectarines.

Douglas

sent

varieties.

From
Mr.
several seedling
George, Putney Heath, came
bedding
Pelargoniums, of which Charming Rose, a Nosegay,appearedto be
Mr. Walker, nurseryman,
collecThame, sent a tion
very free-flowering.
of Auricula-eyed
Williams
Sweet
series,
Chater, Gonville Nur; Mr.
Horse
Chestnut,togetherwith
Cambridge, a variegated-leaved
seedling Roses of no merit, and a hybrid Pelargonium,said to be
but with that quality
not pronounced. G. F. Wilson,
sweet-scented,
of the Lilies he exhibited at Nottingham, and drawings
Esq.,sent some
Lea
and
of others,
Mr. Eraser,
Bridge Road, Ixora floribunda,
dwarf
and
a
free-flowering,
remarkably
bouquet.
formingquite
very
Mr.
Stevens, Ealing,had a fine collection of Balsams, for which he

received

sort.

This

was

very

juicyand

sweet.

specialcertificate

was

House, Stanmore, sent a Ripley

Perkins, gardener, Warren
from a sucker,
Queen Pine, weighing 5^ lbs., grown in twelve months
This
and one
old Queen Pine, 5.^lbs.,producedin the-same
way.
Mr.

was

considered

most

meritorious

exhibition

of

skill in
superior

Pine

first-class certificate.

exhibitions in connection with the permanent International Exhibition

since we last noticed them
(andtheyhave received less notice
several changes. The space at
Road
has been cleared,and
principalentrance in Exhibition
devoted,as it should be, to plants. Here Messrs. Standish " Co., of
The

named
rich flavour;also a scarlet-tieshed variety
Gem, of fair quality.
than
sent a fruit
Mr. Gilbert, gardener
to the Marquisof Exeter, Burghley,
the
ing
of his selected Meredith's Cashmere
Melon, a large,
yellow,fine-look-

awarded.

have undergone
they deserve),

Ascot,and Messrs. Lane, of Berkhampstead. exhibit fine collections

gonia
Conifers,ifce. Messrs. Standish have at present a specimenof Behave
Sedeni, the most splendidin colour we
yet seen, and
has a grand display
of cut Roses,
covered with flowers.
Mr. W. Paul
Mr. Wills maintains his room
besides a charming mixed collection.
of

and

taste

as ever.
certificate,the Committee
culture,and received a special
regrettingdecorations in as excellent order
that they had not the power to bestow a higher award.
Mr. Laxton, Stamford, sent examples of three new
hybrid Peas.
CROPS"
FRUIT
MIDSUMMER
THE
LOQUAT"
Omega, a dwarf earlyvarietyin the way of Little Gem ; the Peas
a
nd
ment,
Achievewell
were
filled,
promising.
very
very fine,deep green,
FROST,
7 or S inches long.
a very largepalegreen pod some
lative,
Superbeen travellingin Italylately,in the vicinityof
Having
The
mittee,
Comdeep green pod, 8 inches long and very handsome.

met with a fruit called there

Nespoli di
have
decided
them
Naples, I frequently
whilst considering
very fine productions,
not to certificate any Peas until they have been tested in the Socistj'c!
Japone," or Japan Apple. It is pear-shaped,fieeh in colour
Newsometimes
to
taining
conMr.
in taste resembling an
and somewhat
Capt. Lake,
Apricot,
grounds at Chiswick.
Wraight,gardener
four stones
in
Kent, sent a dish of a new
as
earlywhite
as
lauds, near
Sittingbourne,
only one, and sometimes
many
wrinkled
Pea of goodquality.
Marrow
each fruit; the stones solid throughout- that is to say, not
sent
of
a
an
Mr. C. Turner, The Royal Nurseries, Slough,
example
fruit. I
find
other
"'

"

having

shell and

kernel

like

stone

cannot

named
Wizard, a fine,clean, black-spined
variety.it under the name
seedling Cucumber
of
Nespoli anywhere. Can you give me
The Rev. C. C. Ellison,Bracebridgo Rectoi-y,
Lincoln, sent a seedling
or
for it ?
the proper name
Loquat. It
japonica,
[Eriobotrya
which
has
received
Cucumber
named
Lick-'em
all, a good variety
this
has fruited in
country.]
had no greatmerit.
but which in the example shown
prizes,
mony
self-sown
of
L.
Your
speaks
Eoscorla,"
correspondent,
Mr. A. Colbourn, gardener
to J. Blyth, Esq Woolhampton, Bucks,
Geraniums.
Here
which were
considered
(Oakham),notwithstanding the severityof
sent some
very large examplesof Mushroom,
Mr. A. Parsons,Danesbury, sent a goodspecimenof the
the past winter,not only seedlingGeraniums, but also Astere,
coarse.
vry
"

'*

"

and
abundantly
Mignonette have
np
sprung
those plants were
wherever
grown last summer.
not
are
think
fruit
I
our
this
district
over-good,
In
prospects
with the exception of Gooseberiies,which are
certainlyabove
and
diied and used as matting. It seemed
a very excellent substitute,
much
Currants
are
blighted. Apricotsturn
an
average crop.
into use for t}ingplants,
is coming much
and a first-classcertificate
of the harsh
yellow prematurely and fall ofi, in consequence
awarded.
was
Strawberries are
of sunshine.
winds and the absence
for the best six dishes of Peai, easterly
Messrs. Carter tt Co. offered prizes
in some
variable crop
gardens abundant, in others
a very
Laxtou's
including
Supreme,Laston's Qnality,and Carter's HundredGiant

Puff Ball.

NiBturtiums,

Mr. W. Taylor,
Roal, Lee, sent examples of the old
9, Southbrook
for agricultural
Chenipodium Qninoa, recommended
purposes, "c.
Mr. Wrench, Loudon
sent examples of Roiffeaor Reed Grass,
Bridge,

"

July G, 1871. ]

JOUENAL

HORTICUIiTURB

OF

COTTAGE

AND

GARDENER.

of Loughborough,exhibited a largerange of houses on his

Messenger,
that I have heard of, that
every instance
of construction,
which had a very lit^ht
and airyappearance
principle
of all Strawberries,
K'^ens' Siedling,has this year
a little too slim, if one
just
might say so ; the bracing and tying
less fruit than almost any other variety.
togetherof the various partsbeingwell contrived,so as to avoid centre
borealis was
On the night of the 24*.h ult. the aurora
very
supports.
brilliant for a short time, and duriug the nightthe thermometer
Mr. W. P. Ayresexhibited one
of his imperishable
hothouses,which
E. C.
as
low as 35".
registered
[A.tRugby,on the same
night, are certainlydeserving of especial
notice.
As far as iron and
glass
informed
are
we
by Mr. Harris,gardener at Naeeby Woollejs, are concerned they
the
title
to
assumed.
claim
The
some
lay

almost

In

none.

best
'U'-^ually

"

"

4here

was

frost

so

severe

THE

turn

the

Potato

leaves

quite

KOYAL

SOCIETY'S

HORTICULTUKAL

27th

"

July

were

of our
report of this Show
of the country exhibitions which
take up the
now

not

tin

laps. The

the most

"

the

shown

so

country shows, but

ipreviouB

numerouslyas
the quality
was

shelves also

eue-

Societyhas

of

some

hard

material

like terra

Mr. Bickley,
of
principlesexceedingly.
house

ingeniousmode

showing

an

bars

is furnished

with

centre

cap

or

lantern,which

can

be elevated

side or the other.

ventilation
to one
By this means
pleasure
alwaysbe providedon the leeward side,and cold draughtsof air
Society'sbe in a great measure
prevented.
at

at some
of the
Messrs.
excellent.

of

the house about 18 inches

run
transverselyacross
these the glassis laid and supported by little strips
of zinc
We
liked this very much.
Mr. Voice, of
nailed to a piece of wood.
in ventilation. The
Uarcross,Sussex, also exhibits another novelty
house

The

made

are

We

glazing.
apart ; on

VEGETABLES.

These

roof is glasslaid down

like the slates or
the roof of a house, no putty beingused, so that nothing but
glass is exposed. The glassis held in its place by littlezinc or

like many
of the
Birmingham,exhibits a small

1st.

continuation

"

may
of the outside of the

the

cotta.

NOTTINGHAM.

AT
June

"ceasful of any
we
yet held

whole

tiles on

EXHIBITION

In

to

as

Eds.]

black."

can

may

Carter

" Sons
exhibited a number
of their patent lawn
Messrs. Green
or
"10, and a second prizeof "2, for the
Messrs. Fellows " Bates had also on show Ran"c.
rollers,
mowers,
collection,
includingCarter's Hundredfold, Laxton's Quality, some's Automaton
The
Climax
lawn
is a very
lawn
mower.
mower
The cup was
taken
Dwarf
Waterloo, and two other varieties of Peas.
ingenioushandy little machine, the grass box being placed behind
KillerMr.
Sir
Thomas
to
Bart.,
Garland,
Ackland,
by
gardener
Dyke
instead of in front,and the cut grass being jerkedbackwards.
By this
of Asparagus,
heads
Peas, fifty
averaging means
ton, with the above-named
the knives can
look upon
cut quite close up to any object.We
3 inches in length,and weighing
excellent Cabbages, this as one of the best of late novelties.
altogether7^ lbs.,
Lettuces, Broad
Beans, Celery,Onions, Carrots,Parsnips,Turnips,
Mr. Ormson, of Chelsea,and Messrs. Weeks, exhibited examplesof
"and Beet.
The
whole
of these,we
understand,were
producedfrom
their boilers, which
well known, and
are
requireno specialnotice.
Messrs. Carter's seeds.
The
second
prizewent to Mr. D. Lumsden,
had on view also Mr, Westland's Witley Court
Messrs. Jones " Rowe
to Lady M. Nisbet
Hamilton, Blosholm
Hall, Sleaford, for boiler,with furnace-door and everythingcomplete. This seems
"gardener
to be
"fiscellent Globe Artichokes,Broad
Beans, Cabbages, Leeks, Onions,
a very powerful
boiler,but rather complexin construction.
Potatoes, Kadishes, (fee. Mr. Gilbert,gardener to the Marquis of
Mr. Matthews, of the Potteries,
Weston-super-Mare, had on show a
Exeter, Burghley,also competed, but unsuccessfully,
though taking great stock of flower pots, ornamental
vases, flower stands,"c., which
the gardeners'prize,with "5
added
by the Marquis of Exeter, for were specially
There has been a greatwant
worthy of commendation.
first
kinds
of
and
four
kinds
of
salads
a
prize
posed for cheap,handsome
proeight
vegetables
seems
now
flowerpots,which Mr. Matthews
likely
also offered
Second, third,and fourth prizeswere
by himself.
to supply. Mr. Sankey, Bulwell
Potteries,Nottingham,had also a
class ; the fourth,by Mr. Chapman, of Gloucester,being
in the same
make.
stand of flower pots,"c., of admirable
goodly
in a
Mr. Gilbert exhibited his vegetables
his patent exhibiting
case.
A rather ingeniousapparatus for the application
of the liquid
compositions
with fine Curled Parsley,and
feox neatly bordered
it contained
very
for the destruction of aphides,"c., on plants,
named
Fretting"fine Telegraph Cucumbers, Mushrooms,
Cauliflowers,Orangefieldham's vaporiserwas
shown.
A small portionof*the liquid
is placed
Tomatoes, Dwarf Kidney Beans, William I. Peas, Lettuces, Beet, and
in the vaporiser a bottle which is filled with some
tubes like a sodathe Rev. C. C.
Afustard
and
Cress. An excellent collection from
and by blowingthrough these tubes,the material is distributed
water bottle,
-Ellison,BracebridgeVicarage, Lincoln, was second ; Mr. Miles,gardener
in thin spray over
with scarcely
any part of the plant,
any
^ud

Co. offered a silver cup,

-best

"

"

Carrington,
Wycombe Abbey,beingthird ; and Mr. G.
waste.
gardenerto Lord Willoughby de Broke, Compton Verney,
Mr. Rendle had on view a greatnumber
of his patent plant protectors,
Lumsden, Frisby,Meikle, Holah, Peachey,and
and in great variety,
ot" a singleflower pot
givingthe protection
ticultural
others aho sent very fine-grown
vegetables. The LoughboroughHorwill
to that of a good-sizedhouse.
Many of Mr. Eendle's appliances
exclusive of
Society'sprizesfor sis kinds of vegetables,
The
be found
to amateurs.
most of the
extremely useful,especially
taken
Potatoes, shown on trays not exceeding30 inches square, were
other subjectswere
of a very miscellaneous character,and call for no
"byMessrs.. G. Heafford " Son, Loughborough; Mr. Draper,Dorring- special
remark.
4on ; and Mr. Nicholson,CoUingham. In the artisans' class for the
Messrs.
Basford, Biddle, and Clarke, of Loughborough,and
same,
held at the Exchange Rooms
A DiNNEn
of horticultariets was
Mr. Lacy,Bloxholm, were
in the order in which theyare
prizetakers
The Rev. S. R. Hole presided.
at Nottingham on
the 27th uU.
named.
the records of the
We
need
from
only give a few extracts
shown by Mr.
Potatoes, very clean and good,were
Taylor,of
doings of that day.'*
IMalpas Mr. Craddock,Compton Verney Mr. Biddle,Loughborough;
to Lord

Craddock,
fourth.

Messrs.

"

and in the class for four

dishes,in

;
which

prizeswere

offered by the

The

Chairman

said he had

never

said

grace

with

more

satisfaction

what,
Loughborough Horticultural
Society,Messrs. Pickworth, Biddle, than he had done that day. He was not an epicure,but he felt somethe poet expressed
as
it, Fate cannot harm me, I have dined
Nicholson, Montiuey,and Heafford " Son had excellent samples.
used
have
to
about
Cucumbers
were
no
to-day"[laughter].Englishmen
difficulty
numerouslyshown in the class in which prizeswere
The Rev.
other there had
been
Committee.
"offered by T. R. Starey,Esq.,and the Local
or
some
dining ; but somehow
difficulty
viously
pre"C. C. Ellison was
first with a white-spined
called Lick- 'em-all ;
in holding a gardeners'
dinner at these annual
meetings.
variety,
from Mr. Bolton,gardener to W. Worswick. Esq.,Birstall
wanted
the presence of those who
at the
were
Telegraph,
They had previously
but here theywere
from
Mr.
Hall, was second ; Berkshire Challenge,
Mitchell,gardener head of the Society,
[cheers].They had
to-night
From
Mr.
Lumsden.
the best show to-daythat ever
the Society
to T. Cross, Esq.,RuddingtonHall, third.
had had in the provinces
brace
the
a
nd
there
had
been
of
a
is
want
of
came
no
harmony in making it a
SoolyQua Cucumber, which
probablya variety [cheers],
which
of Lnffa.
had
happy one throughout [cheers].In replyto the question
"

been put as to why they were

about the dinner,he said the
GARDEN
so anxious
"C.
STRUCTURES,
IMPLEMENTS,
to these meetings had great sympathyand fellowwho came
ship
not very extensive ; fully gardeners
speahing the Show was
strictly
of the articles exhibited were
and
but very little
for each other; theywanted to cement their old friendships,
such as pertained
"to horticulture. They attracted some
little attention,
to meet
no
men
doubt, but
theyhad heard about all their lives. Did not young
know
soldier
and
to
.wish
a
a
perambulators, beds and bedding,gratesand fire irons,carriages
Millais,
or
a
Napier? He
painters
young
the time when
he would
have gone forty miles to meet
had known
leather,which formed the major part,have very little claims to notice
Of

these

one-half

3.t a horticultural show.

Of hothouses there were

Thomas
Rivers,of Sawbridgeworth [cheers].What they wanted was
and
several,although nothingvery special,
unity,and theybad it to-day more than theyever had it before. He
of
around
him who had talked about it,and it was
confined to local talent. The most commanding and substantial,
a matter
chiefly
saw
many
model of a plain,substantial,span- roofed house, was
the north into the west
that the wind
had gone from
a perfect
congratulation
"that exhibited by Mr. Forster,
who
had
He
would
tell
them
the
of Beeston, the builder of Mr. Pearson's
and
been
of
one
laughter].
[cheers
that was
the chief
and is
world-famous orchard houses.
after the same
This was
style,
greatestadvocates and promoters of this union
of Nottingham, who sat on his righthand [cheers].The
specially
worthyof commendation, lightand airy,
yet firm and strong. magistrate
him
in making that remark,
The patentventilating
of cog-wheels, Mayor told him that be had astonished
system of Mr. Forster,by means
is likewise very admirable.
A small moveable
pit also was deserving but he (thespeaker)had attended every meetingof the Committee,
of special
found
hie Worship workingin the most
and
had
to
well adapted for amateurs.
commendation, beingexceedingly
generous
way
Meesrs. Wheeler " Humphreys, of Nottingham,also exhibited a
forward the interests of the Society,
and with the greatestenergy and
very
house with patent ventilatinggear.
substantial span-roofed
Messrs.
could show [cheers].His Worship offered to
goodwillthat any man
this dinner was
JDennis " Co., of Chelmsford, exhibited several erections of galvanised take the chair when
but he was
anxious for
proposed,
and airy,and no
of gardening
than himself [cheers].
iron,which, althoughlight
doubt durable, had not
to take it who knew more
anyone
*'
We
The health of the Chief Magistrate
cannot say we like them.
a neat appearance.
He gave them
Mr.
of the town," and
iy any means
"

JOUKNAL

OF

HOKTICULTUKE

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

[ July 6, 1871.

he might congratnlafehim
the happy day this had been for Nottingham a magnifying glass. The
on
inventor states that the h'quidwill
and
the grand Exhibition over
which he had, so to speaV, not injure tender foliage. We tried it on a
leaf,
young Melon
presided [cheers].
which
is rather a susceptible
subject,and it produced no inThe
M.vTOR
returned
thanbs, and proposed The Council of the
whatever.
The
which
showed
the
jary
only
thing
slightest
Eoyal Horlionltural Society."
the tender top of an Apricot shoot growing under
injurywas
Colonel Scott, in reply,said it was a great honour
to replyto the
"

toast, and went

that the Society
to observe
had
on
done
much
to
humanise
manhind
comments
[cheers].Mr. Hole had made some
the difficulties
in connection
with the dinner.
He did not know
npon
the ins and
onts of the question,
but he reminded
them
that the
had a great many
difficulties
with.
It was
Society
to contend
made
elements.
There was
first the florist,
who looked
up of heterogeneous
at a flower in relation to its regularity
turist
; then they had the horticulcolour
that it

or

was

Few
aSecls it.

things are so
When, however,

phytosmegma

does it no

FEUIT

who

in the lightof
delightedin lookingat everything
beautyof form ; then there was the botanist,who thought

proper,

glass.

the

most

importantthingthat

flower should

have its

tender as this ; even

water
at times
the Apricot leaf has expanded,the
harm.

GROWING

COMMERCIALLY.

from page 4-10.)

(Concluded
Piio PECTS
OF
further remarks

FuuiT-Gr.owEES.
the future

"

asked
of the

Being

to add

some

it

fruit-grower,
prospects
given to it ; and also the physiological
who
horticulturist,
will be easilyperceivedthat speculation
that way must
be liable
thought of nothing but the scisntificpointof the question [hear,
bear]. to the
vicissitudes
which
jectures.
many
more
or
befall,
less,all conBesides these classes,
however, theyhad the outside publicto consider.
rules or laws on which
Nevertheless,there are some
Horticulture was
like painting,
there was
wanted
not only the artists,
a
but the peopleto admire the works that were
theorymay be based,that is not likelyto be affected by any
produced. Many of those
of business,and they were
present were
men
that,in but extraordinarychange?, and with the first of these may be
prettywell aware
a mundane
classed the certainty
point of view,the absence of the public would be the worst
that the British fruit-grower
must in futtire
thing that conld befall them
make
[hear,hear]. Still,he did not think
to compete with the continental
up his mind
grower, for
rightname

on

the Horticnltural

needed any apology

Society
; theywere
doing their the consumer
will not willingly
surrender an iota of free trade
duty manfullyand well. He dwelt on the progress the Society was
which has alreadybrought such quantitiesof foreignfruit into
making,and said the Show in Nottinghamwas one which would "bringthe
On the contrary,fruit from districts that
English market.
thousands to see it. He conld not help referring
mittee,
to the Local Comhave never
yet sent any may be expectedhereafter to reach our
who had worked
hard
so
to secure
a
success, and he wished
shores.
The
afforded by the
also to acknowledge
great and increasingaccommodation
the eiiortsof those who
had brought together
so
largea number of plants,also to those who had judged them so well, railway system on the Continent, if backed by a wise and
but who, for the nest three or four days, would
of transportingto England
not have a very happy liberal government, will afiord means
life of it [cheers].Last, but not lea'st, returned their thanks to
fruits from a greater distance than has ever
they
yet been dreamed
the Mayor for the honour he bad done them, and also for the
courtesy of, the probability
being that earlier Cherries than the south
and geniality
and all those qualities
for which they had been indebted
of Prance
produces may reach us from Africa, the sea voyage
to so great an
extent for the success
of the Exhibition [cheers].He
from the French
possessionsin that country to Marseilles not
thanked them from bis heart for the way in which they had been
a long one,
it may
be Turkey, or some
or
other countries
being
received, and hoped this would be one of a series of meetings
at which
bordering on the Mediterranean,may turn their attention to
they would meet together[cheers].
the supplying of the English market.
The cheapnessof land
In replyafter bis health beingdrunk with greatrdat,the Chaieman
and labour,aided by a more
said his heart was
congenialclimate,may enable him
that of a gardener. He must not make
on
a pun
the Mayor'sname,
to
"but he certainlywas
successfully
the right Man-niny (in)the
compete with the home
grower, whose conditions
are
of these,only he is on the spot, and avoids
lightplacewherever he went [cheers].He (the Chairman) should
justthe reverse
look back upon this day as one of the happiest
in his life [cheers]. those heavy expenses
and delays incident to a long journey,
the first day in which
This was
they had bridged over a little chasm
besides the injuriesinflicted on fruit gathered so long before
which
had existed between science and practic.il
gardening[cheers].they are ripe,as fruit must of necessitybe that is brought all
He did not jn-etendto be anything but a lover of flowers. He loved
the way from Algeria. But we
shall not be surprisedat ite
that was
his idea. The man
who could
every flower that was grown
ture
or
even
of advenbeing sent this distance,
further,for the spirit
not admire every flower in a wood
well as any Orchid, was
as
not a
is
and
in
these
abroad,
days every nation having an article
true gardener.If he did so, however, he was
a true florist [cheers].
sell is anxious to disposeof it to the best bidder,so that in
to
The Chairman
then told a very droU anecdote,and told it well.
In a
must
future we
not expect merely the competition at present
Tillagenine miles from Nottingham there lived a clergyman,and
there also used to live a clerk.
our
We
home-grown fruits and those of some
were
gettingrather tired in this existingbetween
of
the
conversational
duet between
of the countries nearest our
the parson
and the clerk,and
age
shores; for the area our fruits are
so the latter race
not quiteso flourishing.But there lived in this
was
drawn
from is increasing,and the only apparent bar that is
a
village
clerk,and he did not think he was offending
against prothe fruits of other countries
priety likelyto be imposed hereafter on
when he stated that bis name
was
Kemp. Kemp was a tailor reaching our
markets
is the time
rtquired on the journey,
and he playedon the violin [laughter].All
went
things
very happily, but that
than many
aware
of. The
are
may be lessened more
the clergyman employingthe clerk to make
clothes for himself and
of the Mont
Cenis Kailway will tnable the journey
liveryfor his man, and he (Mr. Hole) thoughtit right that native opening
from the sunny
to be reckoned
plainsof Italy to London
by
talent should be thus encouraged. Unfoi-tunately,
one
daythere came
hours, and early fruits may pour in from that quarter in unto the clergymana new
expected
who declared that he would
not have
groom,
his clothes made by Kemp,
The clergymanweakly and thougbllessly
more
quantiiies,
travelling
by rail being so much
peditious
exlistened to the council of the groom, and allowed him to go to a very
than by water, and, assuming a good understanding
and tailor,
whom
excellent man
they all liked Mr, Finn [cheersand
to be come
to between the governments of France
and Italy,it
laughter].The man went to Mr, Finn, and the next Sunday when
seems
not unlikely but the choicest products of the latter
the clergymangave out the hymn
the fiddle of Kemp made
no
sign country may find their way here ; the journey,
far as it may
[laughter].Again the clergyman gave out the hymn, repeating
the
is not more
than half that of the great American
way
railseem,
"

"

first verse, but the fiddle made

no
in
sign There was consternation
which crosses
that continent
between
New
Y^rk and San
the heart and countenance
of the parson, and be turned
to that part
Francisco,and short as the time has been s-ince that undertaking
of the church from
which
the mnsic
proceeded for an explanation,
first opened to the public,the consignments of fruit
was
"
and after a pause there was
a messenger
If
sent, and the

replywas,

"
the Califotnian
to the Atlantic States, have already told
He hoped from
says as Finn may fiddle
[laughter].
in the same
the markets
on
of the latter,
the fine climate of the far west
workicggardeners would not be put on ono
way
"
"
side for science, or theymight reply,
Science
fiddle
it
to
enabling
compete
may
[cheers].
fueeessfullywith the older colonies,

you
that

He

sir,Kemp
please,

said to the Council

of the Koyal Horticultural Society,Come

to us,
in a kind and friendly
to-night,
way, and he friends
gardener [cheers].He then warmly thanked the
way in which they had drunk his health [cheers].
"

although its produce has to be sent over upwards of 3000 miles

of rail. With that example before us, we need not be surprised
on
hearing of fruit being sent long distances to us, the only
company for the
to be the unavoidable
iojpediroentwould seem
ing
delay in crossClaeke
and Colonel
Scott
both denied
that the
Major Tkevor
the Channel, and for a time, no doubt, the governments of
Council of the lioyal Horticultural
in any way inimical
was
Society
countries nearest
to us, as France
or
to the practicalgardener.
Belgium, might impose
some
restrictions on goods passingthrough their territories not
heing of their own
production,but it is likelythese diiBcnIties
Phytosmegma
This is a new
insecticide,brought out by will eventuallygiveway, and the London
maiittbe thrown open
Mr. Pooley. We have had it tried on
the red spider,and also
to and of easy access
to the fruit-growers
of sonthem
Europe.
the green aphides which
infest the Plum
and the Ejse, The
intending planter had therefore better keep this in mind,
upon
and the black varietywhich
ctirls ap the leaves of the Cherry. for it is possiblethe very ortiole ho thinks be can
send to
It tilled all the insects it tcnched,and a Cherry leaf encrusted
at a moderately earlyperiod in the season,
market
have
may
the
bodies
with
of the slain formed an interesting
favoursd
from some
more
land,
objectunder
already been there a month
you have done
with the British
as

"

"

10

JOUENAL

ence

secretaryof

as

periodof
attained
to

AND

societies at Lyme Regis and at Calne, for a

convinced
tliat snuh objects
him
might be
properlyconducted,and if careful vigilancebe exercised

twelve
if

HOETICULTUBE

OP

prevent any

sach

years, had

of
infringement

the

rules.

They

all kuew

the inmates
differentfeelings

what

"

himself in favourable terms

MESSRS.

with

of a cottagewere
regarded those whose
those where, to use a Wiltshire
phrase,all
Eev. J. Rich (vicar),
endorsed all that Mr, Stone

kept,and

gardens are
is in a "muggle." The
had
said,and proposed that a Horticultural
Improvement Society should be established.
who for a long time past has been connected
well

of the

GAKDENEK.

He

considered such

he

should

[ Jnly 6, 1871.

societies did greatgood, and if a show took

place
like to see plentyof buntingdisplayed
in the streets,belland so on, to draw the people out.
ringing,
There was no lack of cash
in the neighbourhood,
and also a large number
of gentry who
would
be able to contribute largely
to the show by sending their choice flowers
and

plants. He

should

be

had

happy to

the proposition,
and
great pleasure in seconding
The
any assistance that lay in his power.

render

and

Garden
Cottagers'
Mayor put the propositionto the meeting,and it was carried nnaniThe
Rev. A. Headley, mously. He expressedhis willingness
to allow the show to be held ill
with our Journal, exPark
pressed that portionof Moncktou
occupiedby him, if agreeableto Mr.
formation of such a society.West Awdry.

GROUP

VEITCH'S

COTTAGE

OF

NEW

AND

RARE

PLANTS

AT

THE

NOTTINGHAM

SHOW.

The

of the beautiful group ]the beauty of the plantscomposingit, and the

accompanyingis a representation
of
perfection
of plantsexhibited by Messrs. Veitch at the RoyalHorticultural
culture which
they displayed.Last week we gave a meagre
Show
at Nottingham" a group not merelyremarkable
list of the plantsof which it consisted,
and figuredone
Society's
of the
for the beautyof its arrangement, but equallyremarkable
for
most prominent,
the Darlingtonia
califomica,and we then remarked

that
the most

as

and quality
it
regardsarrangement, rarity,

perfect
group

had

SOME

ever

seen.

PREDATORY

As

such

was

have
thoughtits appearance deserved to be preservedas a souvenir of
the greatexhibition which has justclosed,and as such we
sent
preit to those of cm- readers who were
there present; whUe
to
we

we

INSECTS

those who were

that though
not so fortunate we would
remark
effort of the artist,
no
without
the aid of colours,could give ajustidea of the effect of the group, the engraving,
beingtruthful
and admirablyexecuted,will afford at least some
idea of it"

beautyas
OF

OUR

whole.

GARDENS."

No.

11.

is in the larval state. It devours,so he says, the cultivated

the woodUnd
spaces, perhaps
Violet,and he recommends
the most
and
not far below
hand-pickingas the remedy. But the
charming in appearance,
is so exceedinglypartialto woods
and shady places^
the species butteifly
others in the gracefulness
are
of their movements,
restricted
and
in its flight,
that it rarelyvitils
so
known
seem
usually very
popularlyas the Fritillariep. This,perhaps,may
clined
inirrelevant observation,so let me
an
explain. Undoubtedly gardens,and certainlymight deposit eggs there,jet I am
to think
the inttanoes of this are
so
found
few as to be quite
there are
now
to be
sincere lovers of Nature
some
exceptional. Mr. Newman, in Lis remarks upon the species^
amongst gardeners as well as agriculturists
; yet the admiration
to find,dropping from
with which
individual regards a beautiful objectis likely says that it is a very difficult caterpillar
an
its
to
the
be
that
lessened when
food-plantat the slightesttouch ; therefore hand-picking
thing
enongb
he finds,or is told,
not
would
be
oi
much
service
needful. Nor are
with
in question is, in some
interferes
were
and
remedy
ary
way, injuiious,
there two broods each year, as stated in the book in question;.
I
his particularpursuit; therefore I was
sorry to see what
must
hybernating and becoming adult in April.
regard as an unfair accusation brought ncainst the fair the young caterpillar
So that,by misapprehension doubtless, this elegant bntteifly
The
Euphrosyne, otherwise called the Pearl-bordered Fritillary.
has
been
the
from which,
in
listof destructive insects,
author
of a well-known
placed
and excellent book
gardening
upon
Of

allthe bntteifliea which

haunt

claeeesthis amongst the enemies o{ the horticnltntiBtwhile it

it should

surelybe erased.

July 6, 1871. ]

The

JOUENAIi

OP

HORTICULTURE

AND

COTTAGE

GAEDENEB.

11

be easilypicked or
teresting
formidable their tails may appeal),
can
speciesof the genua Salix,which are so inever
the incipientbotanist,have their
size,but then they have often
swept off the trees when of some
the attention of the gardener too. For the purdone a good part of their injuriouswork upon the leaves. The
upon
pose
of scientific study,or for curiositymerely, the Willows
digging-upof the earth round the trees has been recommended,
have been occasionally
cultivated to some
salis
extent, originating,if it be done at the time the insects are in the pupa or chryin fact,a name,
Salicetum," which has been applied to a
state,when they generallyenter the ground." J. B. S. C.
or
In such a
plantationof these trees and shrubs.
nursery
three hundred
kinds were
place at Vienna
reported to have
WEEK.
WORK
FOR
THE
been
distinguished,and at Woburn, in our
own
land, 160
species,in the Duke
of Bedford's
QAEDEN.
KITCHEN
grounds, of which an
Take advantage of dry weather to eradicate any weeds that
account with figuresappeared
in 1828.
Bat in
may have sprung up during the late rains ; and when the soil is
a
what
varietyof ways
not suificiently
dry for hoeing,hand-weeding should be adopted.
do we find Willows and
As the productionof BtiongAsparagus next springwill mainly
let the beds, after being
Osiers, after they are
depend on the culture in the summer,
with short grass or half-rotten manure.
cut down, brought into
cleaned,be mulched
in which a portion of salt has been dissolved,
Liquid manure,
everydayuse by the gardener
six weeks,
or
! As
should then be appliedfreelyfor the next month
poles for
the
be
handles
for
or
salt
spread over the beds, to be washed in by
fencing,as
may
the rains or waterings. Globe Artichokes and Sea-kale will be
various implements,and
the weather
become
Should
the
as
improved by similar treatment.
longer
props,
Milit"ea Euphrosyne.
shoots and branches are
Lettuces,Radishes,and
suddenly dry,water freelyCauliflowers,
other vegetableswhich
often handy. The slimmer
require to be grown quicklyto have
London
them crispand tender.
We need scarcelyadd that in all cases
as
twigs are used freely,
every frequenterof our
water, if
markets
knows, for tying up in bundles a varietyof vegetableswill be improved in tize by givingmanure
Tegetable
shoots
it can
be obtained in sufficient quantitiesfor all purposes.
garden produce ; and in the garden itself these same
bind trees and shrubs to walls or supports. Nor are the growing Continue
planting out Celery as required,and the earlycrop
Willows
without
their uses
too.
Employed in hedges,these may have a slightearthing-up,having previouslytaken off any
buds
Sow a good supply of
well
in
both
and
moist
a
nd
lateral
and well watered the rows.
dry
soils,
considering
plants answer
and
that gardeners in our
the earlier Cabbages or Chappel's Colewort for autumn
their rapid growth, I have wondered
be planted out and another
suburbs
do not more
winter supply. Endive should now
frequentlymake Willow
hedges. The
the winter,should
to stand over
commended
as
White
Willow (S.alba)has been especially
an
sowing made. A crop of Parsley,
in a dry sheltered spot. Every yard of ground
timber trees. Dispersed now
be sown
admirable
screen
for plantationsof young
and
that
can
be
should
be
here and there in a garden,be it flower,
cr
fruit, kitchen,
prepared
planted with winter
spared
or
Sallows are an improveit is unquestionable that Willows
vegetables. Stir the surface of the soil amongst all growing
ment,
practicable
looking at the spot from an artistic point of view ; and
; it will enable the rain to percolate
crops where
which
as
well as check vegetation.
if S. caprea, the Goat Willow, be introduced,the flowers,
through it with greaterequality,
will benefit the bee hives, should the garFBUIT
GARDEN.
are
very beautiful,
dener
The
Willow
Most
of
or
an
kinds
fruitnow
be
apiariantoo.
Weeping
ripe ripeningwill requirethe protection
(S.babylonica)
of us, as seen
in pleasure grounds and
of nets to preserve them
from
is familiar to most
birds, which in most
About
the west and south of London
I have seen
cemeteries.
neighbours. As the early
country places are troublesome
with regret the grubbing-up of some, which
I thought might
Cherries are
gathered,shift the netting to other kinds yet to
ning
of the pleasput forth in favour
well have been spared ; and one
ripen. Peaches and Nectarines should have their final thinhas been that they harbour much
when
firm and hard, as all
of their removal
sects,
inthe
stones in the fruit become
blight
I presume,
And
it the risk of their dropping during the stoning process will then
being therebyintended.
especially,
must
be granted that few trees could be indicated which
be over.
Vines againstwalls should be closelynailed to the
are
more
exposed to the attacks of difierent speciesbelongingto wall to obtain what benefit of the littleheat that can be had
and infesting,
almost every order of insects,
in turn, every part this cloudy summer.
Figs must be treated the same, pinching
of the Willow, from the topmost twigs down to the root.
sibly, out the point of the current
Posyear'swood, except the leaders,
of these,being first attracted to a garden by when they have made
five or six joints. The breastwood
too, some
may
be removed
the presence of Willows,might afterwards distribute themselves
from Pears and Plums
now
againstwalls,cutting
then
other plants or trees. This would hardly be likely,
however,
over
away only a portion,say the upper part, of the tree first,
to be a very frequent occurrence,
another
and the greaterproporafter an
interval of two or three weeks
portion,and
tion
confined to that,or to allied finally
of the Willow-feeders are
finishingby a third cuttingof the lower part. By this
species,such as the Poplar. But the inroads made upon it by plan there will be less danger of the cut-back shoots starting
these marauders
tend sadly to mar
the appearance
of Willow
again,and the lower shoots,which are generallythe weakest,
hedges, and the trees gro? n for ornament
frequentlydisplay will gain additional strength by being allowed a few weeks
denuded
branches
or
a
When
decaying trunk, from whose wounds
longer to grow.
Strawberry plants have ceased to bear
exudes
decomposing sap, and around which lie fragments of for the season, and have borne on the same
ground for three
bark and wood, trophiesof the execution done by insect jaws. successive years, they ought to be trenched down, and the succession
market
Only a few days since, passing through some
gardens
kept up by making fresh plantationsof those that have
and well
been forced,taking care
that the soil is trenched
near
Putney, I noticed a hedge, composed of Salix alba and
had been nearly strippedof its leaves.
which
The
that are
manured
at least 2 feet in depth. Currants
fragilis,
growing
be
matted
individuals which had done the work had departed,but from
walls
fences
now
to
other
over
to
or
against
ought
the appearances
I conjecturethat some
and winter. See that the
in autumn
protect the fruit for use
speciesof Saw-flywas
as
responsiblefor it. The pseudo-caterpillars,
they are called, shoots of young graftsare nailed or tied up as theyadvance, to
of the Saw-flies are to be seen
less plentifully
or
more
prevent them being broken by the wind.
upon
Willows
and Osiers most
FLOWEB
GABDEN.
years, and along the banks of the
Thames
the
Osier
to
for
will
The recentlyplanted beds will still requirewatching to g"t
they do some
damage
beds,
they
the shoots as well as the leaves.
Unpleasant-looking the plantsin them fairlyon the start. The heavy rains have
gnaw
creatures are
tender or badlyrooted
they,with their globularshiny heads and flabby chilled the ground, and someof the more
bodies,the anal extremityof which is usuallylifted in the air. subjectslook sickly. The surface soil in some
situations will
These
feed in parties,
and so exposed that one
would expect have become
hard and crusty after the late heavy rains, in
would
become
a
to
birds
and
should
broken
some
which
the
crust
be
case
frequently
they
neatlyraked over
do,
prey
; though
I do not think many
are
thus disposed of. These
Saw-flies when dry weather sets in. Proceed with pegging and otherwise
belong to the family of the Tenthredinida3 ; the females being traininggrowing plantsBs they advance till they occupy their
freedom of growth may be permitted;
allotted space, when more
provided with a peculiarinstrument
by which the eggs are
deposited on the plants they selected,the leaf or twig being but in flower gardens laid out in the French
or
geometrical
usually slightlypunctured, though in a different manner
to stylethe utmost
symmetry should be preserved,if not in all
that produced by the auger of the Gall-flies. The caterpillarsthe beds,yet in those that may be termed
counterpart beis.
of these flies (and though called flies,
must
we
remember
more
they As the grounds and shrubberies are much
frequented by
have four wings, and are next-of-kin to bees,
attention to keeping the
how- 1 company
at this season, pay the more
yet stingless,
numerous

(or so

to
teasing)

claims

"

"

12

JOURNAL

OP

HOETICDLTUEK

and order in every part where there are hands

to admit
of it. Flowering shrubs
as
they go out of bloom
should have the dead flowers,"e., removed
and slightly
out
back. For the same
the seed-podsfrom Rhoremove
reasons

greatestneatness

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENEB.

[ July 6, 1871.

Coleus,which

had exposed fullyto harden cff before filling

we
beds and lines at once
with good-sized plants. Dwarf
but nothing else spfmed
(o
Kidney Beans also suffered a little,
do so, with the exceptionof a few leaves of Iresine Hf rbstii.
We have done nothing in the kitchen garden, except routine
of
work, providing for successions, and gathering abundance
We
Peas, and dwarf and Mazagan Broad Beans.
plantedout
beds of largeCeleryplantsin fine condition,
some
them
raising
with large balls,
and plantingthem in well-aired decayed dung
and soil,
the heavy showers
enabling us to dispense with all
waterings. The rains have done wonders for Peas,Cauliflowers,
Cabbages,Lettuces,and Onions, the last of which, as well as
as jet promising for the
Carrots,Parsnips,and Potatoes,seem
the

"dodendrons,tree Tisomes, "c. These littleattentions will be

followed by an
increased growth of the plants and with the
of their blooming next season.
The propaga"greater
certainty
tion
of Carnations,Picotees,Cloves, "o., should no
longer be
delayed. Hedges should be cut with the shears,unless when
"formed of large-leavedplants,as Laurel,Turkey Oak, "o., where
the knife only should be employed, as the leaves look badly
"when clippedwith the shears.
As a deciduous plant for hedges
nothing is better than the Turkey or hybrid Lncombe
Oak ;
and the Taxodium
sempervirens will be found a most eligible season.
plant for making evergreen hedges, as it grows quickly,bears
GARDEN.
FRUIT
the knife well,and has an agreeableappearance.
Tulips may
Owing to a press of work we have not got on so far as ia
be taken up.
Allow the skin and roots, after carefully desirable with
tiow
shortening and nipping the points out of the
removing the soil,to remain ; these can be better taken off shoots of fruit trees. We netted Strawberries,
the birds are
as
when
the bulb is dry. Store them away either in cabinets with
bad enough now, and will attack them more
when
dry weather
"the drawers properlynumbered, or put them
in thin paper,
We
have
few
blackbirds
and thrushes
seen
comes.
comparatively
allowingthem to dry graduallyin an airyshady place.
since the rains,soft food in the shape of worms
and molluscs
Late Cherries bad also to
in the meadows.
GREENHOUSE
AND
CONSEEVATOEY.
being so plentiful
Hardwooded
be netted,or the chance of gatheringwould have been tmall.
plants,including most of the genera from New
HoUand, which bloom early in the spring,and which, after The crop on walls has been very heavy. The crop on some
used to bear heavily,has been nest to
dwarf standards,which
blooming, received the necessary pruning, "c., will now
be so
Jar advanced
in bloom
in their growth, that any requiringto be repotted a failure. For almost the whole time the trees were
should at once
have a shift. After turning them
either wet or slightly
quence
the flowers were
frosted,and in conseout loosen
the outside roots before replacingthem in their new
of the bloom, footstalks and all,dropped tff.
most
pots,to
enable them to take to the fresh soil the more
readily. Keep There was not enough of frost to injurethem if the bloom had
them
some
close for a few days, especially
if the roots have been
been dry. We find,too, that on
Apple trees which set
much
disturbed,and damp them once or twice dailyoverhead ; their fruit very thickly,a good many little fruit have dropped,
have
the
and
cold.
Melons
been very good after
wet
water
at
insure
to
the
old
ball
to
carefully first,
taking pains
owing
A few hours of
liavingits proper share,until the roots become established in the change from the dull drizzlingweather.
the new
afford to fruit what no artificialheat can
soil. Attention
should be directed to bright sunshine
at this season
ply,
supthe stock of plants intended
to furnish the supply of bloom
appliedcan do
though that andfresh warmed air judiciously
"duringthe nest winter,as it is requisite
plantsshould complete wonders.
their growth early for this purpose.
Peach trees with their fruit swellinghave been rather freely
Among Heaths, those
Peach
which flower through the winter should be encouraged to comtrees ripening
water or sewage.
watered with manure
plete
their growth, as they are great favourites in most
places; have had less water, but those from which the fruit has been
number
of such kinds as E. hyemalis,Willmore" considerable
gathered have had a watering,as it is desirable to have the
wood more
Convernix,regerminanf, "o., should be grown.
ana, gracilis,
plump and well swelled out before submitting it to
"tinue Bpacrises under glass till their growth is complete, but
a drier more
maturing process. There is a slightmistake near
air
and
should
be allowed them, increasingit as the
more
light
the bottom of the third paragraph,col. 1, page 463 ; the words
sound
fruit
wood becomes firmer ; towards the end of the month
should be " thinned-out fruit." We bad pretty
they may
be placed out of doors in any open situation,
named
of ripe fruit at a gathering. The scores
but where
they well the scores
those thinned-out
be protected from heavy rains.
can
previously,and they were
Balsams, Thunbergias, alluded to were
and other annuals
intended
to decorate the conservatory and
few in number, as the imperfect settingiu the dull weather
The improvement in
fihow house for the next two months
should be finally
potted, rendered much thinning unnecessary.
freelyof
using soil of a light and rich description. Keep down red the weather has told on the settingand swellingmore
spiderwith the syringe,and maintain the plantsin good health. the Vines in the orchard house.
not particular
Glass Cases for Orchard Houses."K
Unhealed
"Thunbergias and other climbers should be neatly trained to
their respectivetrellises as they advance.
Kalosanthes
and
as
to the time of the fruit ripening,providedyou give plenty
"Calceolarias are
in full beauty. Watch
now
the green fly,and
of water to the roots, and keep the shoots and leaves healthy
A few of the more
forward
and free from insects,you may 'eave air on night and day, and
fumigate on its first appearance.
time as, or justa littleearlier
Gladioli and
other Cape bulbs, Lilium
the fruit will ripen about the same
exirgium, auratnm,
and lancifolium should be introduced
to supply the places of
than, it would do on the open wall,and with littleextra trouble
are
now
We
the wane.
on
speaking chieflyas to Peaches,
Pelargoniums now
Brngmansias and similar in management.
plants of vigorous habit should be frequentlyassisted with
Nectarines,Plums, ito. If you wish to have very late fruit of
in after the fruit
that is, to come
water ; as they are often troubled with the red spider, these and the later Plums
manure
ing,
the engine or syringe must
be constantlyat work to keep it is gathered from the wall,then, after the fruit is set and swelland
air
when
safe
night
day, but slightly
not only leave on
"down,takingcare, however, not to injuretheir fine foliage.
have not
shade the house or have a double glass roof. We
STOVE.
could wish, but that little
in this way as we
done so much
Besides the above, such stove plants as are intended to flower
shaded or double roof iu the
a slightly
Eranthemum
at the same
time, includingJusticias,
pulchel- convinces us that with
"

"

"

lum. Euphorbias, Jasminums, "o., should bo looked at. Many

of these plants,for reasons
formerly stated,rf quire to be kept
in small pots, and such should be watered with liquidmanure
without
to grow them
on
potting them' into too-largepots.

have a shift,
but they will bloom
more
freelyby
being kept rather under- potted. Several kinds of Gesneras are
valuable for the same
and
should
be
for
winter
use,
grown
be potted
"flowering.The last batch of Achimenes
may now
and kept in a close frame for a late show of bloom.
Encourage
established by liquidmanure.
Young plantsgrowplantsnow
ing
into specimens will require constant stopping
and tying-in
and
them
into
W.
Keane.
to get
proper form.

"Others

and a free circulation of aiv, we

of summer,
months
warmest
and Plums
in gathering Peaches
should find little difficulty
could have them from the opou
later
than
we
more
a month
or
the flavour
rains, "c
walls, and being defended from autumn
wish
to use
unwe
our
would
be vastly superior. When
heated glasscase in order to forward our
fruit,we must take a
littlemore
pains in regulatingair, so as to take advantage of
In sunuv
th" sun
beat.
days most likelyall the air-ventilatora
from 9 A.si. to 3 p.m. in June, July,and
may requireto be open
August. If earlyrising cannot be depended on, it is safest to
leave a littleair all night ; but then the house may be damped

may

"

DOINGS

OF

THE

KITCHEN

The
eeason,

morning of June 25 th was

the frost having browned

LAST

WEEK.

GAEDEN.
one

some

of the most tryingof the

of the best leaves of the

shut up earlyin the afternoon, and a littleair at top maybe

given in the evening. It is less the regularheat than the high
Still,
temperature from sun heat that bringsthe fruit forward.
in a morning, before
however little,
be given early,
if the air can
the house, the fruit will swell faster, if
the sun
tells much
on
three and four o'clock,
after the house is shut up, say between
with sun heat,it remains shut until morning, as there is gene-

JOUENAL

Jaly G, 1871. ]

OF

of air that will find its way into

amount
considerable
orchard houses independentlyof air-giving.There is no cause
to be alarmed at a high temperature duiiag the day from sun
lation
heat,if air is given early,to prevent the chance of the accumuof heated, confined,scaldingvapour.
Providing the

rallya

and
falls gradually,
chance of confined heated vapour, there will be no
and
if
heat
is
so
There
no
as
sun
heat,
cheap
you
danger.
wish to hasten maturation
by its aid alone you must make the
Orchard
most of it by givingless air morning and afternoon.
houses that fall to 45" or 55" at nightin June and the beginning
dance,
of July,would
rise with air given early,though not in abunto above 90" by midday ; but othtr things,as moisture,
attended
done, and such a house
to, there would be no harm
damped and shut up before 4 p.m. would retain a good deal of
and
temperature rises gradually,fluctuates,
there is

no

15

GAEDENER.

COTTAGE

AND

HOETICULTUEE

endless

inquiriesas
shrivel-up.

to the

cause,

when

flower-buds fall or

But to return to the Coleus,

What beds we made we fiUedwith strong bushy plants,and we hope they will be
up at once
Four are edged with the white-leaved
all rightfor the season.
c"ruleum variegatum.
Centaurea,and four with Polemonium
We
do not like to do, and undo, and do again,but we did so in
the case
of the Polemoniums.
They had been plantedfive
from the
15 or 18 inches
too far
weeks, but unfortunately,
"

"

also plantedquite high enough.

edging,and they were
Our
generaldistance of edgings from grass is 1 foot,and this
the
close
plantsquite
enough to the grass long before*
brings
is over.
the season
Thinking it over, and finding no plan
and planted them deeper
better,we raised these Polemoniums
Besides the labour,there was
to the grass lawn.
and nearer
the plants had rooted well,and could be
as
warmth
in the first hours of the evening. No inconvenience, no other difficulty,
showed
watered
lifted with large balls,
and when
no
signs of
of the
is experienced in consequence
but quite the reverse,
be done at times,however
their being moved.
Such things must
perature.
plantshaving a greatbut safe difference of night and day temhad been let alone,
The comparativelycool temperature at night relieves
undesirable,as, if these Polemoniums
had covered
would have come
before the fine foliage
of their natural condition the autumn
them, and presentsthem with more
them and the grass, and half the beauty of
than if, as used to be in forcinghouses,the night and day the earth between
beds
the beds would, therefore,have been destroyed. These
nnifoim.
temperature were more
For the earlyripening of Giapes in unheated
glasscases, lend a greatcharm at once to a composition group, as before
Calceolaria
were
introduced
the
of
were
kinds
and
masses
when
such
they
as
yellow
even
Hamburghs, Muscadines,
early
the most of the sun
it is best to make
It is judiciousto keep the houses
of air,until the
as cool as
possiblein spring,with abundance
Vines
have
broken
but after that tlie more
freely,
they are
assisted w.th sun
and better the Grapes will
heat the sooner
the
better
will
and
the
they
sooner
hang,
ripen,
they are ripened
if that should be desirable.
Making the most of the sun heat in
Ssveetwaters

are

heat early in the

grown,

summer.

grass

of
shall even
have too much
We
now
too obtrusive.
of
bloom
on
masses
have more
orange until we
pink, and various-coloured Geraniums, which will
bright
not be what they ought to he until we have a little more
weather.
in excitingfree growth
The
rains have done much
what
we
wantin Geraniums, but as we
rather
thickly,
plant
ceolaria,
is more
bloom.
The rains have justsuited the Calmassive
rather

yellow and
and
scarlet,

washed
blooms
were
oft,there are
many
showing. To our
plenty of bloom-heads
of Calceolarias
the
want
nothing that makes-up for
be fewer failures
There would
in a composition group.
of bright sun
will
if it were
borne
in mind
that no amount
injurethem if the roots are kept damp and cool.
shall endeavour
As soon
the ground shall be a little warmer
we
as
where the fruit is intended to hang out
In late vineries,
throughwith (he
our
the winter,it is now
better to give fire heat in cold weather,
to mulch
as
Calceolarias,
by this means
parative
comamount
of watering we shall secure
so as to hasten
maturity,instead of givingsuch artificial heat least,or a minimum
Our
The sooner
coolness and moisture at the roots.
in the autumn
the sun
is losing its power.
plants did
when
when much
such late Vines mature
well all through the dread dryness of last summer
their fruit the better it will hang if a
attribute
and we
somewhat
watering was with us out of the question,
dry atmosphere be then maintained.
quent
their flourishingalmost
entirelyto the mulching and the frebreaking of the surface of the mulching with a hoe. The
DEPAETMEKT.
OENAMENTAL
rather
broken
and
leaves
half-rotten dung
We have now
planted out our beds of Coleus,"q. We have mulching was chiefly
fine with the points of a fork.
This does very well for the
browned
of the finest leaves were
on
alreadystated how some
middle
of
but
for the outsides the material should b"
25th.
We
if
June
would
part
number
of
on
beds,
a
question they
plants
sieve for neatness,
more
have suffered so much
if they had been planted out, instead of
decayed and be sifted through a coarse
birds will not care
so
We have frequentlyand if a little lime and soot be added
standingin pots to be thoroughlyhardened-off.
much
to scratch it about in search of worms.
referred to the fact that plants standing in pots are
We
with
on
went
of heat and cold
potting,regulating,changing, cuttingmore
likelyto be affected by the extremes
than those planted oat.
tage
making, "c., as indicated in previousnotices. The frost made
Hence, even on the outside of a cottions
sad blanks
established plants of Cloves, and Carnaless
window, plants will thrive better and require much
among
well established
useful to cut in armfuls, but Pinks
so
ornamental
otherwise
or
if planted out in a box
attention,
have been very useful.
We
must
than they would do standing singlyin pots. These Coleuses
put-ina lot of pipings or
furnish a case in point. Wishing to have enough and to spare,
cuttings. Large pieceswith a space of the old wood will strike
in
if
time
he
Small
a shady place
60-8ized
pieceswith a jointor
given.
"we struck a good many
late,four or five in a common
two from the top will strike freelyin sandy soil under a handpot. Not wishingto be troubled polli
ig them, we planted them
out in a bed when
struck,at about 7 inches apart, and placed light. Oiled paper as a cover does well. For such cuttingswe
Take
hold of
labour and time by rarelyusing a knife.
save
sashes over
them for a few weeks ; thus treated they soon
some
the shoot of the Pink or Clove, near
its base,with one
hand,
made
posed
fioe,bushy, dwarf plants. These have been fullyexthe
abDUt
second
for more
than three weeks
rather more
exposed,in fact, so as to hold it steadily,catch the upper part
and
out
with
the
other
a
pull,
jointfirmly
sharp
hand, give
than those in pots, but they suffered so littlein comparison with
the cutting clean
from
the jointor node, wanting
comes
the pot plantsthat we
have left many
of the latter alone, and
dreds, nothing in generalbut to be dibbled in and receive a little protection.
suppliedthtir placeswith some
scores, wo might say a few hunwith
than made
The cuttings,
cleamr at the bottom
of these
rather
smaller
but better-coloured
plants,
a
knife,can thus be taken in as short a time as the process is
raisingthem with good balls,as for this purpose they make
described. R. F.
of fibres as freelyas a Calceolaria.
masses
This simple fact also points to the importance of defending
the pots of tender,and especially
hardwooded
fibrous-rooted
RECEIVED.
TRADE
CATALOGUES
plants as Heaths, Epaerises,and Ehododendrons, alike from
James Veitch " Song, Eoyal Exotic Nursery. King'sEoad, Chelsea,
brightsun and low temperatures. A pit will thus be better
Plants.
S.W.
Catalogueof JV'croand Beautiful
than the open ground. Any simple material which will protect Loudon,
JosephMeredith, The Vineyard,Garston,Liverpool.Catalogueof
the pots,if not plunged, will also be of advantage. We
have
dx.
Stove and Greenhouse F'ants,Beddingand Ornamental Flants,
known
fine Rhododendrons
some
in pots greatlyinjured by
a brightsun
beatingon red pots,and thus burning-up the fine
TO
CORRESPONDENTS.
such pots are left
roots close to the sides of the pots. When
*
*
We
too long unprotectedout of doors, much
injuryis often caused
to any of the
requestthat no one will write privately
*
Azaleas and Camellias often suffer
by the burning of the roots
correspondentsof the " Journal of Horticulture,Cottage
f
rom
the
and
roots
the
in
ing
standfrom
plants
Gardener,
being frosted,
Country Gentleman."
pots
By doing so they
would
be of much
more
advantage than it would be to do
in September and later.
Where
there are
two orchard
houses,and one with Vines as
the latter the earlier of the
well as Peaches,it is best to make
heat
sun
the
to forward the Peaches will be
shutting-in
two, as
justwhat is wanted to forward and mature the Grapes.

July
so

"

and
stillfine masses
eye there is

though
and

"

"

"

"

"

"

out

of doors

too late in the autumn,

and

then there

are

are

trouble
subjectedto rmjustifiable

and

expense.

All

addressed
should
therefore be
solely to
of the Journal of Horticulture dsc.^17i, Fleet
Street,London, E.G.
will not mix up on the same
also request that correspondents
sheet questions
rehitingto Gardening and those on Poultry
answered
it' they expect to ^ai them
and Bee subjects,
but write them
on
separate
promptly and convenient!}',
than
to send
two
or
Also never
communications.
more
communications

The

We

Editors

three
K.B.

until

unanswered

remain

next

week.

HEnBAz.
you

saw
never
{J.It. G. G.) "We
would
probably revert to

Mimulus

Abnormal

pigated from, the

progeny

(Cheshire)."Theie

is

no

one

the

similar. If pronormal form.

coloured

herbal with

plates sach

as

[ JQly 6, 1871.

B. H. Margctii)." On the leaf enclose! to us there

Yellow
VifJE LE.iF
or
insect pests, and we
think the loaf has simply
is no trace of mildew
couditiuu by the stoppiog of the channels of the leafits sere
assumed
stalk.
have
uacomm
that
It is not
nothing to fear on
m, and
you
From
the size of the leaf we
think your Vines are very healthy
account.
and have good treatment.
SEEDLINGS
AUSTP.iACA
Dampisg-off
(Sowiersf
/). Tho plant SBUt
"
of air and
blacli-legged,"or damped-off, from want
too much
crond-'d.
ihe
are
and
Remove
at one
them
plants
probably
3 to a cold
water,
outside.
It i^ the hardiest of alt
framp, and in a fyw days pl:icethem
otber will. The leaf of Gloire da Nancy
no
Conifers, thriving where
of some
is perforated in consequence
tained
Geranium
injury which it has susin a young
state,and the hole becomes
larger from the growth of
The beetles are not of a kind injurious to garden
the parts surrounding.
such.
plants, and we only name
PiNUS

"

is

name.

cottager? Does
(Gorm's Hoi/^e)."
livingin a cottage,and occasionally employing skilled labour,
any
person
of a local
under
this head?"
When
a committee
come
Certainly not.
horticultural
society oQ'ur a prize or prizes Sot cottagers to compete for,
their
those wlio are
earn
not gardeners, and who
living by
they mean
manual
labour, and cultivate their gardens by the aid of their own
families only.
Seedling
Roses {H. Curtis rf"To.)."Your blush Hybrid Perpetual Rose,
Bessie Johnson, is very fine,very vigorous in growth, and certainly is
LoCharles
well
admire
also
scented.
the seedling from
We
much
febvre ; in colour it equals Gcnerul Jacqueminot, in doubleness surpasses
cannot
we
it. Whether
it equals it in other excelleucies,of course
say.
Crystal
Palace
Rose
Show."
Three of the first prizes for amateurs
Heavitree.
won
were
by R N. G. Baker, Esq Salutary MounN
Who

"

Cottager?

ISA

What

is

Petals

(J. F.

Roses

of

)." See

what

said last week

we

about

the

Pot-pourri.
Variegated
4)ut we
haye
almost
white"
Replacing

"

seen

after
Picea

nicely variegated,
more
variegated
gated
isalready a permanent varie-

{W. French). Your specimens

tree even
the leaves of the Ash

Abh

variety to be

had

There
winter.
in the nurseries.

severe

Nordmanniana

are

"

(Sigma)." Wq

Leader

should

train

likely to
side shoots
erect, choosing the strongest and most
in a year
or
two
side shoots.
It is probable that the tree would
to a lateral or side branch,
form another leader, which is far preferable
"which at best is little more
than a branch, and does not put out side
shoots
all round
like a leader,but on
two sides only. However, train up
the branch,
remove
if another leader be formed you can
a side shoot, and
while if no leader be formed you will gain time.
of th^

one

GARDENER.

*'
boots" of leather,so as to
necessary to have them with their claws in
the next best destroyers of woodare
keep them from scratching. Toads
wholesale mode
of destruction.
no
lice.
We know

to us

once.

questionsmust

Many

"

at
questions

COTTAGE

AND

HORTICULTURE

OF

JOURNAL

form

{J. B. S.)."Place the plants out of doors in

but
an
sheltered situation,and water
sparingly. In tha second
opp.n
or
three eyes of
to within two
^veek of August cut back all the shoots
in September
shake the plants out of
week
their base, and the second
the
pots, and
place them in others a size less. Place them in a cold
shade for a few hours if the
irame
of air,and
with a moderate
amount
ber,
weather be bright. Remove
them to your house at the close of Septeming
For flowerof air.
and place them
near
the glass,giving abundance
at the end of May tbey should not be stopped after the last week in
April. You will find full particularsin " Florists' Flowers for the Many,"
free by post from our office for five stamps.
Pelargonium:

Treatment

Grub

on

AsPARAGUd

Stems
(D. H.). It is the grub of the Asparagus
beetle (Criocerisasparagi). The stems
of Asparagus
"

robbed

of their bark, and the future proof thj plants proportionately weakened, by
wo
small, brightly-marked beetle, oE which
give a drawing, showing it of its natural size and
magnified. The Aspariigus beetle is rather more
than
inch long ; prevailing colour
a quarter of an
surface
of thorax
blue-black, upper
red, antenme
black, wing-cases edged with orauge and varied
are

dnc3
this

and blue-black marks.

with cream-coloured
This
the
of Asparagus
steals
btietle is found
upou
and
until
the
summer
during
September. The
eggs, which are oval and slate-coloured,are fixed
of the
by one of their ends to the young
spray
The
hatched
from
soon
Aspiragus.
grubs are

these, and
thickening

fleshy,greyish green, gradually

the tail,marked
with
black
black
legs. They feed on the
bark of the spray.
As
soon
as
full-grown,after
several
shedding their skin
times, they bury
in the earth of the Asparagus bed,
themselves
a
forming
parchment-like cocoon, in which
they
remain, for the most p'lrt,
throughout the winter,
are

towards

having

spots, and

and

the

June.

beetle

forth

comes

from

the

cocoon

We

"for
the most
part," because
say
Mr. Weatwood's
opinion, that some
the beetles live through the
winter.
Ooe
found in our
garden during May, long before
incline

to

in
we

of
was

any

Asparagus shoots appeired. Dusting tiie grubs with white hellebore

ing,
powder destruys them ; but it should be applied very early in the mornwith dew.
whilst they are moistened
Fruit
Cydonia
japonica
{K. L ). It is eatable and not injurious,
of
but very unpalatable.
Planting
for
Size of Savoys
Borecole
and
{Idem)."Yfe should not
like them
th in 6 or 8 inches
high before planting out, but if you
more
would
time yet, we
take them
cannot
up and replant
plant them for some
at twice
their
oq
apart, and the check
consequent
present distance
do much
to keep them
stiff.
removal, with th'3 increased distance, would
it can
be practised.
It is well to move
them
with balls wherever
"

Propagation
Ficus elabtica
Lapagegia
and
{C.M.Major)."
rosea
Camelliseflora, The Lnpigeria rosea is very difficult to strike from cuttings,and is best
Cottingham
raised from seed ; indeed, plants from layers or cuttings are too uncertain
Sow
or
Tom
in growth to be of value.
the seed in spring iu peat, in a hotbed,
Double
Abundance, Vanguard, C. Glym, Grenadier,
Thumb,
Dauntless, and Cavalier.
keep the soil wet, and when the youog plants are weil-estabiished remove
Ficus elastica
them
to
cuttings root freely,also
a
warm
March
in
greenhouse.
in
Tribe
Sow
them
Sowing
Seeds
Fir
of
the
(/tZem)."
usually cut our plants do^n
layers, but cutti gs are preferable. We
well drained,
heavy, and in pans
good rich loam, sandy rather than
in spring, and
the shoots into cuttings, taking oflf the growing
make
Set
covering the seeds with fine soil to a depth equal to their diameter.
the lowest
three leaves, remove
leaf,cat transversely
point with about
in a shady place, but not under trees, or
the pots or pans in a cold frame
below
that, and then insert the cuttings in two parts sandy loam, one
on
the inside
the position maybe
sunny if the lights are brushed over
silver
in small
and
sand,
one
part
pots, tying the
admit
part
sandy
peat,
when
and
and
with whitening
milk.
up
Keep them just moist,
The remainder
of
leaves
together with a view to taking-up less room.
out of doors
kinds
best sown
are
plenty of air. The hardier and commou
the leaf from the
the shoot cut
into lengths of two
jointseach, remove
in sandy soil in a sheltered
position.
biwest, and insert singly in 3-inch pots Place the cuttings in a bottom
Plants
Pit (F. G.)."Ot the plants yon
Wintering
in
a
Cold
name.
them with a hand-glass, and
heat of from
keep close,
lb'" to 80'^cover
Camellias, Begonia Veitcbii (probably quite hardy). Daphne Fortuni (also
until rooted, which they will be in about three weeks.
moist, and shaded
in a cold pit,and the GreviUeas, Daphne
hardy), may be wintered safely
shift the plants into a larger size,
filled with roots
When
the pots are
wintered
and
of
the
be
hardier
kinds,
indica,
Mesembryanthemums
may
will have good plants. Now is a good time to
and in a short time
you
The
Pnulovnia imperialis does
there with protection in severe
weather.
Eyes strike
put in the cuttings. They strike best with a leaf attached.
not
oot flower either from
the wood
ripened, or your
being sufficiently
freelyenough if put in like Vine eyes, and placed in brisk heat. They
well-drained
in
if
it
were
climate being too cold. Perhnps
planted
warm,
in making plants than cuttingp.
are
longer
to
soil the wood
would
be suflScienfyripened for flaweving. If you were
Treatment
variegata
Aspidistra
ldrida
{A Subscriber), It is a
take it up and
plant it in a tub, that would probably induce flowering.
greenhouse plant, and does well in a compost of equal parts of light
Koses of the Hybrid Perpetual class are best struck without heat, taking
and
sandy peat, with good drainage. Afford it a rather
loam, leaf-soil,
the flowering is
ripe shoots
just after flowering,or early in July, when
shady position,a good supply of water when growing, and keep it rather
singly in small pots, and setting them in a cold frame,
over, placing them
dry in winter.
be kept close, shadud, and
vrhere they should
sprinkled with water every
admit
'Idem).
The cause
of your not succeeding
about
six
weeks
will
be
rooted
then
These
iu
Parsley
Fern
Culture
air,
dually
gramorning.
;
for it a somewhat
elevated positionin
harden off,and transfer to largerpots in September.
appears to bo the soil. Provide
a
the rockwork, forming it of limestone, and
give
compost of two parts
Plant
Habitats
(R. G.) Crotou variegatum, nat. ord. Euporbiacecp,
peaty soil,limestone, and one part of yellow loam, with one
part of
East
Indies.
Chamierops bumilis, nat. ord. Palmacere, South of Europe.
Water
and
limestone
broken
and intermixed.
freelyin summer,
afford
Sabal
Phoenix reclioata,nat ord. Pa'maceaj, Cape of Good Hope.
Adaufrom
the compost above aamed,
If you grow it in a pot, use
sun.
Cissus discolor,nat, ord. Vitaceaa, shade
sonii, nat. ord. Palmaceie, Floridfi.
keep the plant iu a shady part of a cold house, and admit air constantly.
Java.
corMaranta
zebrina, nat. ord. Marantacerc, Brazil. Anthurium
Pore
Musa
Brine
Pickled
of
(ff.). It will bo an excellent applicationto
rtifolium,nat. ord. Orontiacere, Brazil.
CavendLsbii, nat. ord.
Sea-kale beds, but as it is saturated
with salt you
Musacese, China,
Phoenicophorium spchellarum, nat. ord. Palmaceie.
your Asparagus and
to each gallon of the brino.
had
better put four gallons of water
The Musa is probably vittata, having white stripesor bands on the leaves.
It is very fine. It isfroai tropicalAfrica.
Taking
Water
after passing
from
a Stream
(W. ff.)."As the stream
Acorn
Growing
the radicle or
Water
over
(/. W.). We presnme
through youi" field turns the wheel of a flour mill,you cannot
legally
root is already in the water, and
that it is the shoot that nearly reaches
interrupt the flow of water so as to prejudice it as a motive
for
power
is no equitable objection to your
the cork of the bottle. It so. remove
the cork and allow the shoot to
that mill. There
taking water from the
If
to water
charcoal
to keep it sweet.
in the water
stream
upwards, placing some
quantities as to
plants, if uot taken iu such
grow
your
to keep the plant any length of time, it will be necessary
to
diminish the stream.
you wish
take it out and pot it in loam.
Plants'
Leaves
Turning
Yellow
(L. L.). We should be better able
if we
WooDLiCE
Garden
the sun
IN
{J. JE.)."We do not know
to answer
know the aspect of the greenhouse, whether
has
of anything that will
"BO effectually
clear a garden of these pests as a few bantam
to the roof or front between the two dweUing-houses. If there
free access
fowls. It ia
Select

Pelargoniums
DotTBLE-FLOWEUED
Pfifzer,Victor Lemoine, Madame

Victor, Wilhelm

(T.).
"

Lemoine,

"

"

"

"

"

"

July 6, 1871. ]

J:)UENA.ri

OF

HORTICULTURE

of sunlight,we think your thicb-rolled nona pretty free admission

a mistake, and
if so, you will have to
transparent ghiss for tbe roof was
be siitisfiedwith fine-foliagediilants,Feins, Ac, instead of flowering
ing,
plants. If the aspect is good, is there nothiug wrong in the paint, heatis not

early air-giving?
Filters
and
(ff.F- 3/.)."For your tank under ground, 10 feet
to have less
would
not advise you
long, 5 feet wide, and 5 feet deep, we
laid in cement,
than a 9-inch brick wall,and
well as plastered over
as
mixed
with it. If
with cement, having a portion of clean rough saud
would
the tank larger. You
will not
make
"water were
a great object we
bo
be so secure
unless you lay the bricks in cement, but the joints may
work
is to usehirlas
thin as you please. The great point in such
burned
soaked
bricks, and not to lay any of tUeui until they have been
after every air-bubble has been
iu a tub of water for a few miouhes
spent.
Before cement
plastering the inside let the bricks be damped again, so
the
Ijricks
catch
After being
that the cement
firmly at once.
may
should
finished it is as well that the tank
stand a few days before the
From
its being uuderground there will be no danger
"water is admitted.
will he very clear
if filtered,
but
ot frost injuring the tank ; the water
sf it be shut out from
all atmospheric influences it will for a time be
The
rather
hard
for domestic
ing
filteringis entirelyfor securpurposes.
and
rain
water
from
purity and clearness; and for tank purposes
It is no disadvantage to have
buildings two filters are better than one.
a large filter,
except that the water must stand in it before it goes to the
or

Tanks

should say that from 20 to 24 inches each would

For your tank wo
tank.
he enough, but the larger the filtersthe more
seldum will they want ing.
cleanThe filterthus
made
is iust a little
tank
divided
in two,
A would
be the base
"of the
filter,laid
brick and
"one
ti'e
thick in cement,
b
would
be the
end
and
side wnlls, at
least faced with cement
;

we

would

prefer laying and

iacing in it. c would
1)6 the
division,
brick on
bed, and
-

^' ^^ surface

level.

there would be littleuse in laying that in cement.

At the base of this cross
if from 20 to 30 inches
svall,
be three openings at the
across, there should
bottom, say of 4 or 5 inches each, so that the witer should piss freely
from No. 1 to No. 2. Place these filters iu the handiest position as respects
the tank. Hiving finished the walls,commence
with No. 1 division,
and
clean pebbles and stones at the bottom, pilingthem up,
place some
but lessening in size as they come
the
near
surface,and at the surface
use
only clean-washed
for having these
pebbles and gravel. One reason
fine is,that by lifting
the stone or slate covering" best if there is a cover
for each division" you
and
renew
can
remove
this fine surface without
the
rest of the filter. The
disturbing
water
entering from the roofs of
the houses by the pipe d, discharges itself into filter1, and passing down
rises again to its level through the ooenings in the dividing wall,
c, into
filter2. This filter 2 should have the clean stones
smaller, anl for a
third of its depth near
the top should consist chieflyof finely-washed
shingle and clean charcoal free from dust.
Lumpy clean charcoal should
at least equal the quantity of stones
and
pebbles in this second
division.
All this is easily done when
tlie well-washed
materials
are
handy. But
for the desire expressed we should not have deemed
such details necessary,
yet we know of many
where tanks have been made, and great
cases
complaints have also been made of the dinginess of the water from sooty
roofs.
A littleadditional
for a double filterwould have saved all
expense
such complaints. If in the course
of time
the filtersbecome
dirty,there
would be no great labour in taking out all the filtering
ing
materials, washthem, and replacingthem, with the addition of a little more
clean
charcoal lumps. It will at once
be seen
that in a brisk shower the water
pours into division 1,passes
through the openings at the bottom in tbe
dividing wall, c, rises through the stones, shingle,and charcoal in division
2, and passes clear and pare by the pipe, e, into the tank. As to the
size of the tanks, we
the water
generally under-estimate
that falls on
roofs. In the generality of cases, if it could
be saved, it would
suffice
for the wants of the inmates
of the
house.
{An Amateur)." See the
Of course
preceding answer.
that applies to filteringroof water
for a
rather large tank.
For smaller reservoirs smaller filterswould answer.
We do not know
exactly what you want.
Fcr mere
domestic purposes,
where
only a small quantity of clear water
would be required, a large
earthenware
to it and
vessel,with a cover
a tap near
the bottom, or even
a nice clean
barrel,would suffice ; but in either case the picking of tbe
interior must
be done
on
the same
for
principle as that recommended
larger filters" the rougher materials at the bottom, and the smaller, clean
shingle and washed charcoal near the surface. Unless the water is very
sooty or muddy, such will act a good time without requiring cleaning.
For a largeraffair,
where btick would be cumbersome, strong wood
lined
with zinc or lead might be used.
Many underground filters are made
with brick and
good mortar, and
then lined with cement.
The plan
recommended
is,however,the best.
Vines

Infested
with
Red
Spider
(E. 5.)."The Vines being much
mfested
we
advise you
to heat the flue to a temperature of 160^,and then
pamt it with a composition of sulphur brought to the consistency of thin
paint with a solution of 2 ozs. of soft soap to the gallon of water.
Choose
a calm
evening, shut up the house, apply the composition with a brush,
doing it well, and two or three times over, so that fumes of the sulphur
be
given off,and unless they be so offensive to the lungs as to drive
may
the operator out of the house, they will not
destroy red spider. It is well
to let the flue gradually cool after keeping it for an hour or two at the
temperature named, and in the following morning give a thorough syringing.
We should continue the syringing until the Grapes show colour for
ripening. Syringe, therefore,forcibly with clear rain water every evening.
The best mode
of lessening the dryinginfluences of hot air or flues
_

is to have the
of fire-tilesdished in the centre
cover
about an
inch to
hold water, and that mostly gives off moist heat sufficient to
keep down
spider and thrips. You might have galvanised troughs made to be
the flue,and keep them full of water.
on
If 3 feet long, the width of the
flue,and 2 or 3 inches deep, they would be sufficient for the purpose
if
placed 6 feet apart.
red

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

Melon
Blossoms
be fertilised.

{T, M".)."The

Nectarine
leaf enclosed

Discoloured

Leaf

15

female

flowers will

requireyour

aid to

("?.S.)."The shiningwhiteness of the

to be a result of the cold sunless
seems
weather we have so
We
have seen
several
such
long had.
leaves, and consider the cause
to
be
tbeir development iu very
dull
weatber
and
a
moist
atmosphere,
nud
tbe sun
bre;iking forth and changing their colour. Had they been
diiecLlyopp jsed to the sun's raya they would probably have been browned
iu fact,they generally assume
brown
a
afterwards.
appearance
tarine
Necleaves are m-ire
subject to this loss of colour than those of Peach
trees. It is Dot injurious to the treus.
"

Camellias

and

Azaleas

not

Flowering

(ff.L. B.)." The

dry heat in

winter, unless

the Camellias to casttheir buds,

excessive,would not cause
evil may
have been
a
result
of too little or
too much
water
at
the roots, and not anliltelyof an -nactive state of the roots. The Azaleas
could
not flower as they had no
to the
of
flower-buds,
I ut this

owing
non-ripening
Continue
both in the cool house, and afTord abundance
of air.
ripen the wood better and he more
likelyto flower than if they
were
placed out of doors this cold wet season.
The
Eugenia Ugni should
be kept in a light airy position in a cool house, and have a moderate
amount
of pot room
than over-potted.
; indeed, it should be under rather
The
main
the ripeoini?of the wood, and for that an
pjint is to secure
abundance
of air and
The
light are necessary.
petals of tbe Roses had
all fallen,but we cannot name
florists'varietiei. They are too numerous.

tbe

wood.

They

will

Tacsonia
Yan-Volxemi
Seedlings
Torpid
(E. T. ilT.)."The cause of
the seedlmgs not growing is evidently their not being potted-offfrom the
seed-pans until they were 6 inches high, and then into 5-inch pots. They
have
received
a check.
Place
ia a bottom
tbem
heat
of 70=" to 75'^,
and
continue
them there with but littlewater until they begin to
grow, and
then
water
to keep the soil moist, but let it be dry before
so as
giving
and
then
afford
a
any,
good supply. After they have roots reaching the
sides of the pots and are
growiug freely,gradually withdraw them from the
hothsd, and harden tham
off,removing them to the conservatory again,
and plant-out in a well-prepared bordir.

Various
Plants
[Idem),~Dipladc!iia amabilis is a stove twiner, and
requires a compost of three parts turfy peat, one part light flbrous loam,
half a part each of charcoal, in pieces from the size of a pea to that of a
silver sand, the whole
hazel nut, and
well mixed.
Good
drainage is
the plant abundantly in summer
Water
necessary.
when
growing, but
in winter keep dry. Sjnra^ajaiwiilca,aiter flowering, should be
planted
out in good rich soil in an
position,and be well supplied with water
open
in dry weather
until the foliageturns
yellow, or plunge the plants in the
pots in an open situation,and water abundantly in dry weatber.
Ixora
coccinea
is a stove
plant, and does well in a compost of equal parts
of sandy fibrous peat and
flbrous loam, and
one-sixth
each
pieces of
charcoal, broken pots or crocks, and silver sand. Water
freely when
growing, but keep rather dry in winter. No plants are more
benefited by
a gentle heat
when
to grow than
are
these plants. Lasicommencing
andra
macraniha
is a greenhouse or cool stove plant, doing well in an
intermediate
house.
It needs
of peat two parts,and
a compnst
of
one
sandy loam, good drainage, and a good supply of water
when
growing,
and to be kept moist at all times.
It is a tall leggy subject,and inferior
in

every

way

to

Laeiaudra

macrantha

one
floribunda,

of the finest and

freest-floweringof gi'eenhouse plants.

Plant

Leaves

Mottled

(XV.(7.H,)." Tbe

Camellia

leaf is variegated,
a not uncommon
when
the roots are
in an
occurrence
unhealthy state.
It is due to bad drainage or too much
The
water.
other leaves are probably
mottled
from
the plants being kept in a very close atmosphere and
the
sun
shining upon them whilst wet causes
very moist, and
the discoloration.
It may, however, be a result of the late cold weather; it
being very dull and cold for weeks, the juices of the plants are ill-elaborated,
and are not able to withstand
the fierce rays of the sun.
Perhaps
a little more
air,and especiallyin the early part of the day,would afford
a

remedy.

Extra
Working
{B. B D.)." With only one man
must
have been
you
off your legs to manage
such
au
increasing place, and if you did
all that extra work without extra remuneration
you are both to be pitied
and blamed; to be pitied because you became
such a slave to your own
because you did the labour that ought to
enthusiasm, and to be blamed
have devolved
two
on
do not think that such long
We
or three more.
hours of continuous
hive
labour as you
had benefit anyone
in the end.
There are plenty of proprietors who will put up a little extra glass,or
enlarge pleasure grounds, if tbe addition cost them uo more
to keep up
such
The gardener who under
circumitances
during tbe year.
doubles
his work, acts with his eyes open.
Before he recommends
such improvements
and additions he should firstcount
the cost to himself, instead of
grumbling at being killed with work afterwards.
You erred in not seeking
help, and we should not be at all surprised if the person who succeeds
do
not
obtain
for.
you
much, if not all,the help you asked
If you
laboured
so
hours, you were
hard, and for so many
doing an injaeticeto
With
brother workmen.
yourself and your
regard to your
furnishing
of the plants in the houses, conservatory, "c.,the recent
most
decision
of a police magistrate will make
think seriously on
the whole
many
question of borrowing and lending cuttings, "c.,among gardeners, but it
will be a sad thing when
a
sened,
neighbourly feelingamong gardeners is lesin this respect. However, the tendencies
even
of the times seem
to point to the propriety of this giving and receiving being done more
sparingly. It,to a certain extent, interferes with the work and trade of
the regular dealer.
What
costs
a
proprietor little is too often little
becomes
at opce
the property of the
valued.
Whatever
is thus obtained
of men
proprietor. We have met with instances
who, like our correspondent,
had to leave collections of their own
gathering without a word
of acknowledgement,
whilst
and
sympathised, there were
many
not
We
cannot
but come
to the conwanting others who
roughly muttered.
clusion,
in a garden, it will be most
that for the bulk of plants wanted
satisfactoryto all parties to go to the market, and more
especiallyas
from
the severe
competition everything,except novelties can be obtained
such
We
on
cheap terms.
hope our correspondent will be more
fortunate
in his next x^lace.
worked

Manure
Earth
Closets
from
(R. H.)." It is not necessary to keep
but it is well to mix
it with fonr or five times its bulk of soil
the manure,
ashes, and then apply it to the ground, digging it in before planting.
or
The preferableplan is to apply it to the ground before digging, then dig it
in,and before planting turn over the ground with a fork. The maggot yoa

JOURNAL

OF

HOBTICULTTJEE

AND

COTTAGE

GAEDENER.

[ July 6, 1871.

speak of is not produced by the

is this more
nor
manure,
insect-frtvouring The limited space, however, bringsme
back to my
small
other kind of mannre.
The runspots are, no doul-t,those which
has now
been six years
garden, in which my poultry-keeping
in ambury. so destructive
to the Cabbage tribe.
The btst remedy
carried on to my benefit both in mind and body. Beforethat,
is salt at the rate of about 1 lb. per square
yard applied a few days before
cropping. For sowing and pricking-out Broccoli,Cauliflowers,"c., the
kept our fowls,as in my boyish expemyself and "Mrs. Nemo"
rience,
ground should not be rich from recent manuring, as it is apt to causo
in a stone-pavedyard, and I may say with the same
luxuriance
instead
damping of the stem, or 'black-legging," and undue
almost
success.
us
cost
for
the
They
nothing,
of a stiffsturdy growth.
potatopeelings
ttian

any

occur

and kitchen scraps, with a very little sprinklingof meal, were

Beader^J. S.). To drive away the ants we
the chickens cost littlemore.
at the rate of 2 cwt.
all they needed, and even
dressing witli guano
Bat I
of
the
a
little
much
as
as
can
spricklc
per acre,
same,
became
tired of the mongrels we commenced
soon
with.
I had
and two forefingers,
and if the hillock is large
be held between
had pure-bredCochins, and the fancyrevived again, so we
once
be destroyed by pouring into the hiltwice that quantity. They may
locks
tried
first
then
of
diluted
six
and
with
The
of water.
times its volume
Spanish.
spirit turpentine
Hamburghs,
Hamburghs
did not do well on account of the confinement,and the Spanish
Cateepillaks
Gooseberey
and
Currant
on
Bushes
(3/ary)."Dust
nest
fresh white hellebore powder, and
them
over
day syringe the trees. I had not patience for, their faces were
such a never-ending
Two or three applicationswill be needed to subdue them.
trouble and anxiety. So I sold off both at prettyfair prices,
Plant
Name
of
(D. il/.)."
Bougainvillea spectabilis.
ing
admirand, having been many months studying,and dailymore
the breed,I determined
after our
removal
to keep
directly
Dark Brahmas.
Had I then had any conceptionof the celebrity
PIGEON
POULTRY,
BEE, AND
strain would
CHRONICLE.
have
endeavoured
attain, I would
to
my
have secured a house
with more
ground, but my objectat that
time was
simply in the first place eggs for the table at a low
which should
price,and in the second,an out-door recreation,
Ants
on
advise you

Lawns

to

and

{Constant

give the
on

lawn

"

the hillock
the thumb

POULTRY-KEEPING

UNDER

DIFFICULTIES.

benefit my
costing
very indifferenthealth without,it possible,
money.
In reconntingmy earlier poultryesperieooe,
I thought at first half our
as I ciidthe other
garden might do, and I am sure
"
Mrs. Nemo
to myself how
day, it is strange even
hoped so, but our firstsuccess at exhibitingspoilt
vividlybygone times and
the mind, and how
revive upon
the individual
we
took up literally
scenes
even
us, and next season
every inch of ground.
The consequence
that with reallymuch
birds that at various times stocked the yard of my brother and
better birds,for
was,
short
time
live
their
lives
and
I
could
win
over
take
back
never
the
birds being overcrowded,
some
again,
me
to
myself,
again,
fowls.
and
chance
more
a schoolboywith
no
to
be onee
I
mention
it
For
into
condition.
having
get
chiefly,
my
because I am inclined to think that if I know anything or care
instance,one of the best hens I ever had was hatched from my
could get
anything about poultrynow, it is greatlyowing to the fact that first stock the first breeding season
; but I never
than a high commendation
I have hitherto always had to be my own
for her, though she bred
more
poultryman, and have
No.

2.

"

all my life known

my birds almost as I have known
my friends.
the help of experiencedpoultry-managers,
I do not undervalue
whom
is
of
it
real
know
a
to
and talk
to
me
pleasure
many
with, and whose assistance I would gladlyavail myself of were

all my
best chickens
for three years ; but when
I sold her
last year, though then four years old, she won
a first prize
within
This has repeatedlybeen my
six weeks.
experience,
and I would impress,therefore,on
all who
be in similar
may

it

possible; but
compelled to do

I think sometimes
that the individual who is circumstances,that in such limited space prizescan
only bo
without
such aid, has an
indescribable ple'a- secured
by rearing comparatively few chickens.
cellence
Higher exwhich
and
connected
with
his
fowls
the
real
fortunate
fanciers
Bure
more
greater
reputationamongst
may be
prietor
prodoes not possess.
friend in the
They become almost dear to him, obtained by rearingmore ; but unless some
and there is a higher kind of pleasurein having birds perfect country will co-operate,most
of the honours
of exhibition
of their kind, when
be foregone. An exception may,
must
perhaps, be made in
year after year you have bred them yourself,
them
mated
tridge
yourself,fed them yourself,and, in fine, favour of red,brown, or black fowls,such as Spanish, or Parviews and individuality
Perhaps
your own
upon them.
of means
want
or
dling
knowledge you began with only midstock ; then there is a rare
fascination in looking over
the broods
and skill
year after year, and seeinghow your care
rewarded
ment
are
by the perfectingof beauties,and the banish-

Cochins

white
regards any breeds in which
; but as
the plumage, I do not think more
than a dozen
be reared to be shown
with credit. Competition now
is closer than it used to be, and birds that would have won
Not only perfection
in
ten years ago, will not win now.
even
faultless condition
of defects,
till at last your yard becomes
one
of the recognised points, but
are
now
necessary, and it is
the
these
for
best
stock
in
small
fail.
In
I
sources
the kingdom. in
actual quality believe
obtaining
yards chiefly
It is in the true sense
they usually surpass the largerones, perhaps for the reason
your work, and it may be carried on, and
known
become
and acknowledged entirely
hibition that the confined
ful
careapart from exmay
space allows of closer study and more
fact that some
of the best birds
mating; but in show condition they can rarelycompare.
; for it is a well-known
shown.
It is this spirit
I would, if I could,seek to
For this nothing is equal to grass, and the shade of living
never
are

stamped

from

cultivate.

littleabout gettingmore
people to try to win
a
to keep and
great deal about gettingmore
in
the
three papers is
two
or
object
present
my
to prove that anyone
may keep them.
Some of the birds in my schoolboydays were
pets indeed.

prizes,but
love

I care
I care

fowls,and

There was
which somehow
one, in particular,
got stunted while
never
I
largerthan a Bantam.
grew much
in all my life seen
another bird so tame.
have never
Some
of
the elder branches
of the family looked
our
poultryupon
keeping in general as rather a nuisance ; but everyone had a
She would
kind word for little " Brownie."
jump up on anyone's
fingerto be fed,and, indeed,rarelyfed in any other way ;
unbounded.
but for myself her affection was
small
she
Being
I came
could flylike a bird,and she always did flywhenever
in

with the hen, and

forms
or

so

part of

can

trees.
raise false hopes
I say all this because I would by no means
If I were
in anyone.
asked.What can be done in such a space
the other day ? I certainly
do not pretend that the
as I named
leviathan breeders and exhibitors can be competed with in all
respects; but with care and study,one of two thingsgenerally

be done.
By keeping only one first-class breeding pen,
devoting all the other space to grass and chickens,and
selected eggs, a few birds may be annually
settingall your own
reared,which shall carry off honours at the best shows with
; or, on the other hand, by givingup exhibiting,
any ci^mpetitors
to the
except in rare cases, and devoting the space exclusifely
greatestpossibleamount of produce,a strain may be speedily
established of such a qualitythat the beet breeders shall be glad
stock from it for their own
rative
sight,making a " dead shot " at me wherever I was, and always to secure
yards at high and remuneShe was
an
prices: and one or two shows annuallyshall givesufficient
alightingon my shoulder.
exemplary mother to
her own
chicks,but a regularlittlevixen to all besides,and to honours to disposeof all surpluseggs and stock to generalpurchasers.
I believe she thought were
her sister fowls as well, whom
I say either of these may
be done ; it does not of
"
her
in
in
her
of
affection.
follow
will
for
there
is
natural
a
to
At
last
course
they
faculty
trying
supplant
monopoly
be,
she got drowned, which
saved us the pain of decidingwhat
to " have it in
breeding fowls,and some
people do not seem
to reallylearn the secrets of any breed at all. But a
to do with her ; for it is the worst of having individual
pet them"
Jowls
no
that can
survive disappointcan
bear to kill them.
love for the pursuit a fondness
one
ment
They may become old and
le
and will
and disaster,
will generallycommand
no
matter, you cannot kill a thing that comes
success,
unprofitab
'^o
hand.
For
this
while
better
in
from
eat
out
of
I
few
specimens
a
produce
years
very ordinary
every day
your
reason,
hae study,and personalinterest,
do from the very beet birds that
wculd
and always kindness, stock than mere
can
money
I would stronglyadvise everyone not to make
especialpets of are to be procured. The hobby, therefore,need not be an
his fowls.
Pots and profit,
in limited space at least,
imagine, even at the commencement;
rarelygo expensive one as some
1 whilst judgmentwill almost always make it remunerative in
together.
may
and

"

"

"

"

them, and in this I can also enlightenthem. This breed

Wicking and myself
produced by the late Mr. Matthew
saw
any until we
years ago (at least neither of us ever
many
bred them), and they were
got from a light blue and a mealy
them
We
called
and
and bred on.
powdered blues
selected,
because the necks of the birds being of a brightblue,and the
tipsof the hackle feathers nearlywhite,it gave them a powdered
look ; hence the term powdered blue.
As to the qualityof the birds I kept,I may mention that I
refused twelve guineas for a pair in those times, long before
sellingat the absurd prices that they are now
Pigeons were
to my
and which
thinking they are not worth, some
realising,
of the breeds not now
being so good as they used to be. Take
about

was

BANTAMS
Mb.

Elakston

time ago was

fever ; before that I was
some

the
chiefly

IN

cause

[ July 6, 1871.

GARDENER.

COTTAGE

AND

HOETICULTUEB

OF

JOURNAL

18

is far too
the Fantail for instance,which
it ought to be and
neck and body for what
one
scarcelyever sees a good Jacobin now
used to have with the frill hiding the
we

they

in
largeand coarse
was.
Then, again,
I

"

like those
of the bird as

mean

eye

stood.

the Owl.
The question of gullet
to return to my subject,
fiillor rose, was
discussed at the last Pigeon Show
gullet,
all the old fanciers were
of one
at the Crystal Palace, when
the
no
but a rose
on
no
gullet,
frill,
opinion,and that was
But

or

no

"

breast.
With
regard to black not having been obtained,I
Onls of the deepest jetblack,and
say that I have seen
other respects. Hakeison
Weie, Weirleigh,Kent,

only
good ia

can

"

CONFINEMENT.

of my

Banttms

on

the brain.

I have

never

recovered from the effects

tests my patience
smitten wilh Bee fever, of the former two, althoughthis tryingseason
having Canary
the lastI write seeking your advice under
which is chronic, through reading your Journal ; and now
sorely,and now
"

Wiltshire

Rector

"

has been

the

cause

of

attack of

severe

a, a. Park

palings.
6, Galvanisedwire netting,sparrow-proof.

c,

Fcod-flap.

I enclose a plan of a small house and run in which I purpose

than a dozen
keeping not more
Bantams, probably half that
number
them both
at present. I should be very glad to make
of shorter dimensions
if possible,
I am
as
extremely fond of
my garden, which is but 60 feet by 25 feet. Would
yon also
kindly tell me what kind of Bantams
are
most suitable to my
case
(Imay mention, also, that my purse resembles my garden
in smallness),
and what kind and quantity of food to give my
proposed new
pets ? My garden is enclosed by what are called,
I believe, park palings." Must
the house
be lined inside
with anything to exclude draught ? I wish to avoid expense as
much
as possible,
for,being no carpentermyself,I must employ
to make
the house.
1 givo no dimensions
of the length of
one
the house and run
separately,as I want you to tell me how
much
smaller they each may be. I would
allow the fowls a
the lawn now
run
on
afraid to give them
and then, but am
complete liberty,as I have chieflyto depend upon annuals for
the borders.
Is it necessary to clipone
wing of euch bird, as
palingsare only 5 feet high, or had I better enclose them
my
in a wire run
when
the
lawn
I
?
am
on
fairlysuccessful with
bees and Canaries, so may I hope to make
pets pay
my new
their expenses
by proper attention ? Does the house require
The
any other ventilation than that afforded by the palings?
through when facing the
spaces are not large enough to see
palings. It is simply the space between where these overlap
each other that I inquireabout.
be requisite
Would
a window
"

for the house ? if so, under

best place,I imagine.

the

eaves

of the roof would be the

of what
Kindly give me also some
hints about neetboxes
materials they should be composed, how situated,"o.
I wish
I knew where to obtain the American
nest-box,of which perhaps
I only know that it is said to consist
you may not have heard.
"

named

malady.

Height, about 4 feet 6 inches.

Aspect, faoing south-we:'"

of a box with
when the hen

false bottom

"p idth, 4 fee'.

fixed

by a

Length, 15 feet.

delicate

spring.'whicll,

lays an egg, givesway by the weight of the egg,

and, depositingthe egg gentlyin a nest of hay underneath, the
spring, relieved of the egg's weight, closes up the box again.
All this is done very quickly,and the poor hen gettingup to
have a fond look at her egg sees nothing there,so the sorrowfully
sits down
again and lays another,only to be again disappointed,
and so on ad infmitxim. Perhaps the editor of one
of
the American
journals will say where to obtain these nests,
and, I may add, the fowls as well,which are so accommodating,

they mutt be an American invention (I mean

as, of course,
breed)as well !
An
earlyreply to the above queries will greatlyrelieve my
and at the same
time much
feelings,
oblige C. A. J.
[I am very glad that I have given yon an attack of Bantams
the brain," but to benefit you thoroughlythe complaint
on
must
it
develope itself well ; it is just like measles,the more
out the better for the patient. I advise you to obtain a
comes
Black
Bantams'
of
it
is
well to begin from the
sitting
eggs ;
thoroughlyjour own, tame, and
egg; then the birds become
The
Blacks are
used to their home.
ment
more
patientof confine"

"

than the Game, also less fond of roving and fijing.Your

sketch is very good,but capable of slightimprovements
thus,
have the opening from the roostingplace to the wired enclosure
at the front of the partition,
not at the back.
It will be more
handy for you to enclose with a slidingdoor when cleaningthe
largerpart out, or in winter,or when wanting to catch a bird.
Have
a similar
opening, as marked, in the door at the end for
lettingthe birds out into your garden, or this might be in the
"

door of the roostingplace. The

should be just to the
nests
left of the door in the roostingplace,and on the floor. Any
little odd boxes a foot square or less,and 5 or G inches high.

JOUENAL

July 6, 1871. ]

OP

HOETIOULTUEB

AND

COTTAGE

GAEDENEE.

19

will do.
Set a brick in front of each for the hen to walk to minutes, a bright idea struck him.
Rising from his chair in
all the pride of conscious
her nest easily. The boxes should be moveable, so that the
he announced,
Ducks
superiority,
whole place could be more
not before de house ; chickens
de question: defore I
readilycleaned out. Two perches, am
am
other
the
lower and the
rule de Ducks
lower 2 feet from the
out !' and do it he did, to the complete overthrow
one
higher,
Tnke
of his opponentj." {CanadianPoultryChronicle.)
care
ground, the higher 3 feet,should be aa marked.
the back as to touch the
that the higher one is not so near
tail. Let the perches be straight,
cock's tail,
and cause
a bent
rounded, and wide enough for the birds to rest on, not
FOUL
BROOD.
slightly
'

"

night place be 4 feet eqnare, the door

I FIND
a hive of pure Ligurian bees contains
no
ripe brood,
is needed ; the hole into the day part
all the sealed brood being in a putrid state. I also find eggs
fowls like to be snug, and not
look healthy. 1 fancy it must
and grubs which
be a case
of
peeped at while laying. I hope you will give them the range
foul brood, and if so, would
it not be better to destroyit at
in my former
of your garden under the conditions I mentioned
and
bees
I have a very prosperous
once
?
combs, honey,
paper ; they will greatlybenefit your garden,and you need not
come
apiary,consistingof eleven hives,which I am afraid may beraise your palingsuntil you see whether the birds flyover, then
infected should I let it remain.
J. B.
add wire
the widest pattern and cheapest will do, incliningit
[We have no doubt that this is a case of foul brood, and
the birds will not get over.
a littleinwards, and
A littleventilator
should advise that the bees be at once
destroyed,with the
high up, covered by a slide,would be an advantage in
exception,perhaps, of the queen, which, being apparently a
but eggs and warmth
Bay our
summer,
go togetherin winter.
not
Ligurian,may be worth preserving,and is moreover
pure
Poultry Book," priceGd.,for other hints and chicken management.
likelyto convey infection to the stock to which she may be
The park palings do not certainlymake
wall.
a warm
The combs
should be drained and melted
transferred.
down,
I should give them
a
couple of coats of gas tar outside,and a
but kept all the while out of the reach of bees,and the honey
good mortar plasteringinside ; remember, a cold roost makes
sticks. Let the
mere
No window
2 feet wide.

will give light enough, and

"

"

"

*'

the

Feed with barley,

sometimes
barleymeal
eggs the fewer.
Indian
as
they eat readily.
corn, givingonly just as much
Most
fowls are
and
then
disease.
After the
comes
over-fed,
morning's meal, dinner-platescrapings and remains of vegetables
will do
indeed, with a family, half a dozen Bantams
cost next to nothing. When
pastry is made, any odd bits are
greedily eaten, and anything that in a larger establishment
would be kept for the pig,all kinds of house scraps, "o. When
throw
part of the grass in, and almost
your lawn is mown
or

"

dailygive some

green food.
them a dust-bath,which is an
of both parts must be dry.

Try road dust in

absolute

heap will make

and
necessity,

the floor

then

other than bee-food.

The
and scraped,should be
both inside and out with a saturated solution of
washed
over
chloride of lime, and it will be safer to let it layby for a couple
of seasons
before again using it, A Devonshire
Bee-keeper
]
may

be used

for any

purpose

hive, after being thoroughly cleaned

"

OUR
Mr.

BOX.

LETTER

W.

Kidderminster.
"The
week
before
JACKSoy, Blakedown,
in your
Journal a complaint from Mr. Hall, Cheltenham, that
he had sent to Mr. W. Jackson, Biakedown, near
Kidderminster, stamps
for Spnnish e":;gs, and that
he could no! obtain the ecfgs or
any reply to
I wrote you stating that I had been
his letters.
served, in just the same
"

last I saw

by this Mr. Jackson, the exception beinf?,that the eggs I wanted

way
to the American
nest-box, it must have been invented by were
Black
Polish.*
You
White-crested
publish Mr. Jackson's reply,
cruel as well as 'cute Yankee, who
said, with a grin, that he sent tlie Spanish egga to Mr. Hall on the 30th May. Although
"
I sent
than six weeks
the money,
I have received neither
Guess
I do that ere hen."
ago
Fancy depriving a poor hen of more
cash from
Mr. Jackson, and
numerous
letters remained
answered,
uneggs nor
her cackling gloryat the sight of her egg.
I love to see the
until I put the matter
in the hands
of the Kidderminster
new-laid eggs in the neat straw-lined nest, from which some
of Police,when Mr. Jackson wrote to say he would
send the money,
but he
little children delightto take them
and carry them
He cannot
has not done so.
the excuse
he has in Mr. Hall's case,
in to
urge
my
if he had not
fuU
my
a
pleasure only second to the hen's on seeing the as Brighton is quite sufficient to find me, even
mamma,
address.
The eggs I ordered, mind, were
White-crested
Black Polish.'
iruit of her care and pains. Wiltshire
Eectok.]
HalFs eggs and mine I should think are confused, in the letter I have
Mr
received from the police. I enclose copy, and the date you will observe
Mr. Jackson
is (not the 30th of May, when
says he sent the eggs to Mr.
Hall, but) the 24th of June.
RABBITS
AT
THE
STROUD
SHOW.
[Copy.]
Eiddenninster,
"'County Police Station, Wolverlev. near
In replyto
J. Husie's
remarks, I cannot gee that he has any
'"26tli June, 1871.
of complaint, for,according
me
"canae
to his own
Sir, The Superintendent of Kid dor minster BorouEfh Police handed
a
admission,he entered
letter
Mr.
of
on
some
and
Saturday
last,
respecting
Jackson,
Biakedown,
his Rabhit
to compete for the cup under
of the
a
misapprehension
that
I called
at Mr. Jackson's
day',
SaturSpanish eeffs.
I bes to inform
on
you
conditions accordingto Tvhich it was
to be awarded.
that
told me
Surely
was
the 24th inst.,he was
not at home, his mother
that the eggs were
at Brighton.
sent that morning to your
Pleaso let me
address
know
if you
fault of the Committee.
no
Why should he endeavour to detract from
As

'

some

'

'

'

"

"

"

"

"

the

merits

for

the facts.
third.

of the

by statingit was
cnp-winner,

lot of second
Mr.

How

and

third-class

Rabbits ?

awarded

This is

to Mr. King
perversionof
prizes,and one

took two first prizes,

two second
it be said that those Rabbits in a show

King

have
"

'

received them."
Yours, "c., Thomas
Mauael
Bayly, Esq.' "
ordered

never

eggs been

sent

any
to

me

Spanish eggs,
at all,by Mr.

nor

Matthew,

Wolverley.'

have

Spanish

Jackson's

any
own

admission

"

or

any
in

other

stating

confessedlyhe would return the money, which up to the present time he has not
second and third-class,
were
returned.
the Spanish eggs sent on the 24th June those
being good enough to win
Query, were
yei-y superior
for Mr.
Hall ? At any
rate I have received neither eggs nor
? R. Barrett, Hon. Sec, Stroud.
irom such competitors
money.
can

"

"

M. Bayly."
a hardy
Brahma
Crosses
is to make
{B. T.). The object of the cross
breed.
and the quality
It is sought to combine
the vigour of the Brahma
of the Dorking.
the
after the
As a rule,in a cross
prodace takes more
female than tbe male.
The
esteemed
than
Dorking is deservedly more
any other fowl for the quality of its meat, and for the quantity of choice
the offal parts. The
over
brought against it is that in
only charge ever
a
some
climates it is delicate. It is for this cause
remedy is sought in
crossing with the Brahma, and that it is effected by putting a cock of that
breed with Dorking hens.
"

Negro

Discussion

Eggs.

about

"

We

are

indebted to

an

In the fairest village

exchange for the following:
of Western
New
York
the
culled pussons,' in emulation
of their white
brethren,formed a debatingsocietyfor the purpose of improving
*'

"

their minds
topics. The

by

the discussion of instructive and entertaining

deliberations of the societywere
presidedover
by a venerable darkey,who performed the duties with the utmost
dignitypeculiarto his colour. The subjectfor discussion
the occasion of which we write was"'
on
Which
de
mudder
am
of de chicken
de hen wot lay de egg, or de hen wot hatches
de chick ?' The question was
warmly debated, and many
reasons
urged and combated
pro and con. were
by the excited
"

disputants. Those
in
evidently

the

in

favour

and
majority,

of the latter proposition were

the president made
no
attempt

Brahbtas
Dying
{J.L.)." The symptoms you describe are consiitent
with those that follow poison, especiallythe crop fall of water.
Internal
the heat.
It would
heat causes
inordinate thir"t,and
the poison causes
not show itself in the crop or trachea, but you
would find the intestines
partially honey-combed, and showing large red blotches. They may
in a conservatory. If they do not,
easilyfind something unwholesome
it is an
Let them
live entirelyout of doors
unhealthy place for them.
with the hen, the latter under
a
on
place. Feed
rip in a dry, sunny
wheat
ground oats,barleymeal, bread and milk, and chopped scraps, no bucknor
sharps. If you do this we believe the disease will disappear.
Y'our chickens have been killed by kindness.

to conceal that his sympathies were

with the dominant
party.
Proceod
in the County Court
BiRD
SHOW
WooDBRiDGE
{W. Sarrtfis)."
At length an
intelligent
darkeyarose from the minority side, against the Secretary forthwith.
and begged leave to state a propopitionto this effect : " Spose,'
Partridge
Hatching
We'll have a starlingwhich
Eggs not
{Bubo).
said he, * dat you set one
shall be taught to speak, and
moisten
dozen Duck's eggs under a hen, and
nothing shall it say but
your
We
we
be well for
Every week
fancy it would
eggs.'
say the same.
dey hatch, which am de mudder, de Duck or de hen ?' This
to their own
the world if all people confined themselves
business in all
well put, and nonplussed the other side,even
was
a poser, was
do
in
re
poultry queries. The Partridge whose nest
things, as they
in search
was
of
staggering the president,who plainlysaw
the force of the
disturbed, left her eggs every morning at early dawn
food ; at that time the grass, or corn, or clover reeked
with dew, and
she
himself too far to yieldwithout
argument, but had committed
to her nest with
returned
breast feathers dripi^ingwet.
This
kept the
after
a struggle
and scratching
cogitating,
his wool a few
; so,
in emerging from
eggs moist, and the young would have had no difficulty
"

"

'

"

"

"

OF

JOURNAL

20

AND

HORTICULTURE

"

lick and

[ July 6. 1871.

GARDENER.

all the better,to insRie their doing well. We know a larce breeder who
for his vrarrens.
The Silver-Grey also
is sending
thirty to a nobleman
into the warren
to advantage for the sake of its
be introduced
superior fur." C. H,

cat out, and the eggs were

put nnder a
the shell. "Whon Ihe nest was
allowed to leave them one
a-day in a dry place ; the effgs
hen, she was
of the
the shell becnmo
inside
not
moistened, and the membrane
were
of gutta percha. All the strength of the poor little
and substance
colour
fellows was
expended in chipping the egg, and they died of exhaustion.
hatching all would have
the eggs for a few days before
Had you wetted
old in vigour and " gamplived. Young Partridges are hatched a month
tion."
(Mrs. B. d- TF.)." Thoroughly lime-white the
VER3ITN IN Fowl-house
Mis
the lime very strong, and let it be laid on
whole of your house.
It is often thought that if
be missed.
corner
may
thickly. No hole nor
In truth
the bricks are faced with limewash. allis done that is necessary.
but
not
hole
and corner
only foimd
are
till every
nothing is done
thoroughly cleansed. As a rule, the poultry-house, instead of a "thorough
turn out," gets only

COTTAGE

may

Feetilisi-vg
Queens in Confinement
(G. C.)." Mr. Woodbury made
experiment in this direction last yenr, and failed completely. He
this season,
intended
to try the Hungarian
but has, unfortunately,
process
been debarred by ill-health from giving any attention to apiarian
an

pursuits.
METEOROLOGICAL

OBSERVATIONS,

Camden

Lat. 51" 32' 40" N. ;

promise."

Square,

Long.

London.

0^ 8' 0" W.

; Altitude 111 feet.

successful
The
cannibal
You
do not wet
your
eggs enough.
arise from
a rare
monstrosity, kill her. The other failures must
in their
hens
be
shut
some
Try again. Let your
mismanagement.
ing.
sittingplaces,moisten the eggs djiilyfor ten or twelve days before hatchLeave
water.
On the twentieth day put them all in a pail of warm
has
hour.
As soon
or
a quarter of an
as the hen
them there ten minutes
the chickens twelve or
the shells carefully. Leave
hatched part remove
fifteen hours under the hen, and then pat her uoder a rip in a dry sunny
place with her chickens.

Eggs
with an
hen is

{A. A.

Unproductive
incubator

B*.).~Yoa will

C.

not

be

more

till Birmingham
We know of no large show
Hen
Paralysed
C7?/ios)."
where there is such a class. It is probable she is injured in the back, or
It
be injured in the way
she has a stoppage. She may
you mention.
do no wrong
by giving an ample tablefrequently happens. You can
will give some
This
spoonful of castor oil every other day for a week.
and
if she still show a disposition to sit,indulge her with seven
relief,
eggs, and let her sit nest the wall.
Hen
Breathing
with
Difficulty
Brahjia
(H. F. JT.)." You cannot
camphor
do better than give some
stronglycamphorated water, also some
the
size of a garden pea.
Dose, two every
night tillthe bird
It savours
of
he relieved.
Time
must show the cause
of the red cross.
Malay blood.

28th." Generally bright and fine,cool in evening.

29th, Warmer
during the forenoon, fair evening.
SOth." Slight rain from 7.30 a.m. to 9 a.m., rather dull in the morning and
occasionally during the day, alternatingwith very bright sunshine,

pills,each

"

Crkte-Cceurs'
Feathers
White
{J. B.). It is very difficult to keep
white
feathers
Creve-Coeurs for two or three years without some
creepingin the top-knots. We
up
speak of the very best of their breed, and those
not a suspicion of
of their lives had
which for the first twelve months
like grey hairs in
to be among
Creve-Cceurs
white.
They would seem
but
tne human
subject. They are, therefore, not a disqufllificition,
shown
rather a grave disadvantage, if such are
against birds that have
"

white feathers. We should

consider
blue wings Creve-Cocurs, and they would, beyond
We

"

imagine there

is an

"

The week
similar to many
and damp." G. J. Symons.

Geese

gander must
until

of its

predecessors,
very

cool for the

season

internal rupture,

than three Geese to

(F. G.)."For breeding, not more
minished
undicontinue
be kept, and their breeding
powers
than twenty years
old. They require a wide
range,
for the four
affording plenty of grass and stillwater. The Goose-house
should not be less than 8 feet long by 6 feet wide, and
high enough for a
floor of brick and
to stand in upright. A smooth
good ventilation
man
Over the floor a littleclean straw should be spread every
are
necessary.
the
second day, after removing that previously used, and washins; down
floor. A compartment
about 2J feet square should be assigned to ench
the gander and
is hatching
Gonse for laying and
sitting,and when one
a
Goose lays her first
be shut out from her. Wherever
ether Geese must
egg she is very pertinacious in there depositing the remainder.
Breeding

one

warmer,

"

white throats and

doubt, he disqualified

anywhere.
Toulouse
Goose
{Toidomc),
and the bird is incurable.

much
"

"

fowls with

not

no

and

July 1st. Heavy rain in the morning, and at intervals all day.
2nd.
Fine morning, heavy rain at noon
ing,
and early afternoon, fine evenheavy rain about 10 30 p.m., and during the night.
3rd. Windy with heavy showers, alternatingwith sunshine all day.
and
4th. Fine early morning, heavy showers
bright sun by turns all
day, very heavy rain between 2,45 and 2.47.30 p.m., 0.083 inch falling
in those 2^ minutes.

more

COVENT

GARDEN

MARKET."

July

5.

Owing
to the unsettled state of the weather the markets here have not
been so well attended, neither has there been the quantity of goods
offered by the growers
which
there usually is at this season
; good
descriptions of fruit,however, obtain fair prices,and are likelyto do so
for a few weeks to come.
Potatoes of every descriptionare heavily supplied,
and continental produce also.

Hen
Blind
One
Eye
loss of an eye by
in
Bantam
[1. W. B.)." The
qualification.
accident is only a disadvantage; blindness from disease should be a disWhere
the eye is discoloured, as in your case, it is a disquilification. Ground oats, kitchen scraps, bread and milk, chopped egg,
all good for chickens.
or
wheat
Sue the
barley are
curd, and bruised
secretary of the show in the County Court.
Pigeons
in
Canker
Young
{A Header
of the Jeumal
of Horticulture).
of alum with a feather twice a-day. You will
Apply a strong solution
remove
the substance gets loose ; then
it,and
probably find that soon
apply the alum and water for the last time. This will do if you discover
"

the thront to the crop it is

the disease in time ; but if it has gone down
Feed
the birds very
too late for any remedy.
sparingly if they are old
soft and suitable. Pull
are
enough to feed themselves ; bread crumbs
of the feathers of the tail.
out some
Cherry
and
Pigeons
Trees"(C.).
trees. They do not roost.
"

ex

SroCKiNG
letlywhat

Dovecote

you require. You

Pigeons

Belgian

(E.

The

Pigeons would

not

injurethe

had bettor advertise,stating

will be able to select from the replies.

B.

T)." You

;{H. J. R. L.).~YfviiQ to Mr.

Sutherland, Coombe,

Croydon.
Aviary {J.S.)."Neither the Linnet, Canary, Chaffinch,
casionally
nor
Redpole lays a "blue egg like a Hedge Sp.irrow's;" but eggs ocappear to lose their distinctive characteristics. Some Canaries
lay an almost colourless egg, others one decidedly inclining to blue. It
possiblybelong to the Canary or the Redpole. The Bramblefinch's
may
egg I know nothing of." W. A. Blakston.
Blue

Egg

in

an

cannot do without
Goldfinch
ones
Canary
with
{F. S. S.)."The young
their mother.
remain
You
That is certain, she must
with them.
canunt, therefore,do wrong, if you suspect the Goldfinch of infanticide,
You will,at least, discover who
by putting him in solitaryconfinement.
POULTRY
is thn delinquent. Some
Canaries appear
to enjoy eating the extremities
mon-place-looking
Greenfinch
of the young
and
The
ones.
Canary prcluce a very comThe
supply of our market
W. A.
Mule.
Greenfinch
and Goldfinch is better.
in
somewhat
are
consequence
Blakston.
"

Canary's

Proceedings

Eggs
Clear
(0. R )." Cause : The cock ig useless.
in the Divorce Court." W. A. Blakston.

Cross-breeding
into

introduced
common

Rabbits
warrens

for

{A. F.)." Tho

the

variety,and Ifnot turned

Belgiaa Hare

Remedy

Rahhit

is

of increasing the size of

purpose
out until say five or six months

now

the

old,

MARKET."

July

5.

increases,while the trade falls off. Prices

lower.

July 13.

JOURNAL

1871. ]

OP

HOETICULTDEE

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

21

plantsfreelysuppliedwith water at the roots,as well

syringed overhead at least twice a daj'. The plants
if they be allowed to remain
HERE
few flowers so highlyappreciatedwill not flower satisfactorily
are
most
the Indian Azalea, or more
likely
as
generallyin the greenhouseduring the growing period,
^
and the usual occupantsof such
smothered with Geraniums
cultivated for the decoration of the greenhouse
of
bition houses in the earlypart
for exhiand conservatory,
July.
as well as
It can
be had in flower
Trainingthe plantsinto a proper shapeshould be attended
purposes.
of
their
from Januaryuntil midsummer, or later ; the
to at an earlystage
growth. At the metropolitan
quently
flowers having the advantage exhibitions the pyramidalform is that which is most freearly-forced
the plantshave presented
cases
those produced later,inasmuch
over
as they
seen, and in many
continue longerfresh. Brightsunshine and
a
appearance ; yet in some
very formal and unnatural
tiedthe instances where the shoots have not been too closely
dry east winds in May and June cause
The
colours to fade quickly,
under shade.
even
in, and the trellis to which the plantshave been trained
brightest
CULTURE.

AZALEA

the
as

to an
has not come
abrupttermination at the apex, but
has been more
rounded, the plants have been decidedly
effective. I have seen
specimensof Azaleas
exceedingbeauty
very handsome
trained to a
their innumerable
in the neighbourhoodof Paris ; these were
welcome.
singlestem, with umbrella-like heads,and as theystood in
above them
The Azalea is a native of China, and the original
colour
where the eye of the spectator
was
a position
is said to have been scarlet. The culture of this plantis the effect was
good. The Azalea is also well adapted for
but there
understood by practical
gardeners,
specimensin the ordinary bush form, the plants rather
very generally
readers of the Journal to wider at the top. Small standard specimens with neat
are, I have no
doubt, numerous
in 6-inch pots, are unsurpassed
whom
would be useful. The Azalea
round heads, and grown
a few cultural remarks
is propagated by grafting
the new
ties
variein flower for table decoration, and if kept in cool
and by cuttings,
when
will continue in beautyfor a long period.
ties.
rooms
beingraised from seeds and from sportsof other varieform of trainingbe adopted,much
is the most usual method of propagation,
Whatever
depends on
a
Grafting
stronggrowing purple-flowered
varietybeing much used the skill and judgment of the cultivator being directed
Much
for stocks. Side-grafting
is the method
to be preferred,towards making the plants look natural.
tying
and
and is best performed when
the plants are in strong heat
and twistingof the shoots will be found objectionable,
in July and August. The graft
should be inserted at from
if a plant is well set with flower buds, doing so causes
6 inches to a foot above the surface of the soil,thus allowing
the flowers to look crowded, and hinders them from being
the plant is in bloom ; in
clear stem
below the graft.If plantsare
raised seen
to the best advantage when
a
from cuttingsthey should be trained in the same
it is highly desirable to thin the flower buds
most
cases
way,
allowingno shoots to grow out from the main stem at a shortlyafter they are set,in order to obtain largeras well
flowers. Very vigorousshoots
less distance than 6 inches from the surface ; indeed, the as more
perfectly-developed
most
handsome
form flower buds ; they can, however,
and symmetrical specimens
which I have
do not ordinarily
have had a clear stem of from 1 to 2 feet in height.be made
them during growth,when
to do so by pinching
seen
Graftingis also sometimes performedin the followingthey will throw out a number of weaker shoots,which will
When
it is desirable to obtain a largeplant of a
doubtless form flower buds on each shoot.
manner
:
with
choice variety,
new
or
a plant of some
common
During growthI have found occasional waterings
strongwater
beneficial,
especiallyto those
growingsort must be placed in heat in July; the tempevery
rature weak
guano
should be about 70" at night,
have not been repotted.After growthhas
with a proportionate plants which
drier
rise by day,and any number
and the buds are formed, a much
of grafts
that can be obtained
been completed,
the
air are
All that is atmosphere and more
desirable,and when
may be inserted in the previousyear'swood.
the best plan
hardened
it is much
requiredis a close moist atmosphere and shade.
plantsare sufficiently
to
The Azalea can
out of doors for a time, removing them
be raised from cuttingsas freelyas
to turn them
Verbenas.
I struck a number
in this way some
their winter quarters before the soil in which
they are
years ago
rains.
in the orchard house, at that time unheated.
A number
growing is too much saturated with the autumn
of 5-inch pots were
nearlyfilledwith sandy peat,allowing In winter, when the plants are at rest, they will continue
of silver sand.
low temperature;
From nine to a dozen
in the best health in a comparatively
space for a surfacing
inserted in each pot, and the whole of them
to fall to the freezing-point
rather allow the thermometer
cuttingswere
This was
about the first week
than applytoo much artificialheat. It is also the custom
placedunder hand-glasses.
of August, and nearlyall of them were
to allow the plants to become
quite dry at
potted off singly,with some
and theymade neat littleplantsthe same
I think this a great mistake ; large
the roots in winter.
season.
As soon
hair-like roots are
is over
all decayed blooms
of the young
as
numbers
killed,and
and
flowering
seed pods should be pickedoff,
and to a much
and the plantsplacedin a
the plants shed their leaves prematurely
house by themselves,
allow Azaleas
if it is convenient ; and where artithan is desirable. I never
ficial larger extent
in
heat can be applied
to them the house in which they nor
any plant of similar constitution to be overdry
make
their growth should be kept close and moist,and
winter, and it is highly important that sufficient water

Azalea is also one

called hard wooded

of the easiest cultivated of what are

added to this the
with
and varied colours of the flowers,
at all times
shades and stripes,are

greenhouseplants;

"

No. 537." Yoi,. XXI., New

Semes.

No. 1189." Vol. XL VI., Old

Sekiis.

JOUENAL

22

should be given to

OF

HOETICULTURE

thoroughlysaturate the ball

AND

of roots at each

watering.
Those plantswhich set their buds earliestshould be selected
for early flowering. Nearly all the varieties are adapted for
forcing,but those with white flowers such as the old white
well adapted for earlyblooming. I
and Fielderi,
are peculiarly
from the above, by
at Christmas
obtain flowers in abundance
placingthe plantsin October in a Pine house, where the night
temperature is 65". A succession of flowers may be obtained
by placingfresh lots of plantsin the forcinghouse at intervals
into a high
It is undesirable to bring Azaleas
of three weeks.
a
night temperature of 45" being quite
temperature directly,
high enough to start with. An earlyvinery or Peach house is
a
capitalplace for them, where they can be started with the
Vines or Peach trees,as they requireexactlysimilar treatment ;
be removed
to the
the Azaleas will be showing flower and miy
greenhouse before the leaves are fullyexpanded on the fruit
"

COTTAGE

March.

GARDENER.

After that the centre

[ Jnly 13, 1871.

shoot

was

pinchedout

of every

plantand they began to make bide shoots,but so dwarf and compact

the plantsthat theylooked prettyand were
admired
were
by most people. They had no protectionafter March, but
were
covered
exposed to all weather, and several times were
with

snow

the earth

about

them

was

very hard

and

never

loosened,but merely kept clean ; it was also very poor. The

slow that they were
so
further
no
growth of these plants was
forward in the first week of Jane than those growing in frames
in the first week of March
were
; consequentlyat planting-out
time they were
justin a fit state for the flower garden, being
dwarf and compact plantswith only one
flowering shoot, yet
their growth was
that will produce a blaze
a lot of nice wood
The object in placing them
of bloom at the proper time.
in
to secure
slow growth, also that they might grow
poor soil was
the more
when
transferred
the
flower
to
vigorously
garden.
It will be seen, that from the time the cuttings were
put in
the first till planting,they were
moved.
If at the end of the
as
them
to the greenhouseas soon
never
trees ; remove
I am
season
flower or two open their petals,as the flowers which expand in
only able to say that the plants have succeeded as
and do not continue fresh nearly well as the others,I shall have the satisfaction of knowing that
a high temperature are flimsy,
then the experiments would
be a success,
even
in so far that
so long as those produced in a cooler and drier atmosphere.
the results were
and fresh candidates
obtained with far less trouble and with means
varieties are
The
now
very numerous,
to present themselves
; doubtless, that are so simple and inexpensive as to be within the reach
for popularfavour continue
of all. Thomas Record.
Kensington, and
the very best varieties are exhibited at South
those of the highest merit are duly reportedon in this Journal.
Alba, the
I will add a list of the very best proved varieties
ROSES
YEAR.
THIS
de Nassau,
best white for forcing; Chelsoui, Criterion,Due
Etoile
de
de
Adelaide
Extranei,
I A3I again tempted to give you
Nassau,
Gand,
Duchesse
my notes on the Roses with
Ambroise
of the Day, Iverjana, Madame
this year.
The four that have given me the most
unmixed
me
Fielderi, Flower
de Hamale, Madame
de Cannart
Miellez, pleasure have been Li France, Marie Baumann, Baroness de
Verschafielt,Madame
Mrs.
Stella,and
Turner, President
Humann,
France
has
Of these, La
Rothschild, and Xivier Olibo.
"

"

Magnificent,
the deciduous
J. DoUGLiS.

variety with deep yellow flowers

"

Sinensis.
"

bloomed

continuously,every bloom good, with the finest perfume

of any Rose I know.
Last week I had two perfectblooms
This is,
5 inches in diameter, well filled up to the centre.
The other three have bloomed
tinuously
conindeed,a first-classRose.
Duke
and well.
of Edinburgh is very fine,but hard
to keep in colour.
Louis Van Houtte, good grower, a splendid
Rose, bloomed well for a young plant. Madame
EagSnie Verover

AN

EXPERIMENT

WITH

THE

CALCEOLARIA.

to try an
at propagatingtime it occurred to me
autumn
to
experiment with the bedding Calceolaria. My object was
and
the
winter
treatment
of
spring
during
select a course
efiect
have
the
of
w
ould
if
retarding
successful,
months, which,
Last

dier.Marquise de Mortemart, fine flower, but shy grower.

Dupuy-Jamin, lovelyRose, fair growth, and a good bloomer.
Princess Christian,an
honour
to its raiser,will,I think, be
the growth of the plants so as to have them in a better state
for bedding-out at planting time, and also to prove if such
equal to Baroness Rothschild.
Thyra Hammerick, very profuse
of
in bloom, but very hard to get a perfect flower.
Clemence
would
or
ensure
regular course
treatment
promote a more
I have
the case
during summer.
Baoux, more
peculiar than beautiful,not one in twenty-four
floweringthan is generally
Calceolarias
often
too
are
that
fit
in
stand.
Edoaard
the
to
a
time
same
for some
bedding
thought
Morren,
fault,but
put
when
try
a
treated,and I know that in many parts of the counperfectbloom is obtained it is splendid; both these,
liberally
have almost
Eeine Blanche,
the spring months
passed away before it is with Pierre Notting,are very prone to mildew.
for my
considered safe to trust the bedding stock in the flower garden. very rough, but at times fine. So much
experience
induces a too earlydevelopment of
I have had magniof the new
treatment
Perpetuals. Of old favourites,
ficent
Saoh generous
the
before
the
in
other
Victor
Jules
are
blooms
John
of
words,
plants
Verdier,
Margottin
wood and flowers,or,
Hopper,
flower
after
Lord
soon
and
Duke
of
and
The
time.
planting
Wellington,
(alwaysready
plants
always good),
very
gardener's
Macaulay ; in fact,of all my stock of old favourites I have had
out, but in an imperfect form ; but during all this time fresh
a fine supply.
growth for future floweringhas been so checked, that before
Of my particular
the second or best lot of bloom can show itself the cool nights
friends,the Teas, it is yet too earlyto say
the
wood
rather
of
than
come
growth
of autumn
much, as I always pinch them back so as to have my chief
on, favouring
bloom on the Calceolaria.
blooms in autumn.
I am more
and more
and the result is no more
of flowers,
delightedeach season
Of these two I have
with Rubens
and
Souvenir
d'Elise.
It is,perhaps,useless to talk of earlyplanting,as I do not think
which will go in a stand of twelve which will be
"would be any better of that, and in very few places, blooms now
the plants
all requirements grand ; they are, I am
the best of the Teas.
so as to meet
if any, could that be practised
certain,among
Mareohal
in a design.
Niel, owing to cold east wind, has not been up
the
once
at
the
of
to
to
most
mark
of
resolved
an
therefoie
seasons.
experiment
friends,when 1
I
Many
past
try
my
Madame
experiment I could think of. have mentioned
Falcot,have replied," Oh ! it is very
simple and least troublesome
that
I find in earlyspring and late autumn
Accordingly,last October, I cleared a strip of ground 3 feet well in the bud."
Niel.
at the
to Marechal
wide along a Strawberry bed; the surface had a gentleslope it is only second
Any who were
inches
elevated about 6
above the
the splendidexamples of
Bath May Show must have remarked
towards the south,and was
that Hose shown
there.
garden walk, but was fullyexposed to the east and north as
soil had not been dug up for a
Of the new
inclined to make
more
well as other points. The
Teas, Unique is much
it dug then, for I merely cleaned and
wood
than
was
bloom, but it is certainlybeautiful when in its
year or more, nor
common
a
garden perfection. Adrienne
Christophle cannot fail to become
levelled the surface,raking it fine. It was
it is so very distinct. I am
more
favourablyinclined
favourite,
soil,with a largeportion of road gritin it. Along the centre
4
inches
I
or
3
than
I
it
will
its
never
hundreds
of
to
but
apart.
I put in several
cuttings
Monplaisir
equal
parent
was,
Gloire de Dijon nor
to
watered them but did not shade them, and allowed them
yet its sister Belle Lyonnaise.
niums
Your correspondent thinks it strange to find seedlingGeraslightly
protectedfrom
take their chance,except that they were
laid on ; and
and canvas
that have stood the winter.
I have now
taken up three
the frosts by sticks bent over them
fell to 4",or 28"
that have
hundred
of the most promising self-sown Geraniums
during that severe frost when the thermometer
short litter. stood the winter in the borders,and have had to throw awuy as
below freezing,
they had only the addition of some
suitable
when
them.
There
several
for
more
remained
covered
at
want
of
to
are
room
intervals,
keep
many
They
up except
lightwas let in for an hour or two, but they were frozen through alreidyshowing for Tricolors and Bronzes.
There
of them rooted
There are no Apples in the orchards here this year, but I
none
were
again and again for weeks.
berries,
callussed ; but
have a fair amount
on
frost,though most were
pyramidal trees. Pears, Plums, Strawjustbefore the severe
assumed
after the thaw roots sprang out quickly,and the foliage
Gooseberries,and Currants are in great abundance ;
of
soft
did
abundance
it
taken
much
but
the
till
has
and
healthier
not
but
labour
soap and
colour,
apparently
plants
a
grow
"

joubnaij

July IS,1871. ]

of

horticulture

cottage

and

gardener.

23

frame
I use no other for Potatoes
Again, I plant a three-light
a
on
good sweet bed of dung and leaves,in November,
justcoveringthe sets with soil,and I earth-upwhen the plants
is planted with the sets
frame
6 inches high. Another
are
material difference
covered from 4 to 5 inches deep. There is no
CO VENT
GARDEN
MONOPOLISTS.
in the produce as to size,quantity,
or
quality. One
the
6th
Journal
of
Mb. Pearson's letter,
with which
your
method
is as good as the other.
and the only way to
inst. commences,
relates to a crying evil,
I must, however, observe that if non-earthingbe intended,
strike at its root is co-operation. Let an association be formed
the sets must be placed so deep in the first instance that there
and
to start a co-operative store for the sale of flowers,
fruit,
will be sufficient room
or
depth of soil in which to form tubers ;
vegetables. There will be no occasion to look for purchasers.if
they are planted shallow the produce will be useless from
would
The
at first be
only fear would be that the manager
in a frame
I once
planted
greening.
Early Oxford, a round
unable
to cope with the enormous
supply that would be preferred
sort of excellent properties,
placing the sets about 3 inches
him.
deep. They were not earthed,and the whole was a loss,more
of
It you, sir,would start the affair by gettinga number
than half the tubers being greened, and the rest so small as to
to form a guarantee fund, I have no doubt the thing
names
value.
On the other hand, a frame
be of no practical
planted
might be easilymanaged.
with sets at the same
depth, and earthed about 3 inches deep
for
The
Hokticultbkal
Co-opbkative
Society
(limited),
with lightloam and leaf soil,afforded an
For
excellent crop.
the establishment
of a store for the receptionof fruit,
vegetables,
frames,however, Early Oxford has too largea haulm.
and flowers grown
of the Society,with
by the members
I planted four rows
to out-doer
We
of
now
come
crops.
and gardeners
the objectof obtainingfair pricesfor amateurs
each about 80 yardslong, on a south border,
Myatt'sProlific,
Garden
for their productions,
which the monopoly of Covent
about
6
inches
and
of
the
all the sets being
four rows
deep ;
at present prevents,and also to enable members
to procure
three have had the earth drawn to them, and one
left as
was
garden produce at the lowest possibleprices.
The row not earthed-upis about 1 toot from the wall,
planted.
visable,
The produce to be sold at such pricesas may be found adthe tubers are
and at the present time (JulyIst),
small and
the profits
being shared amongst the members
(both unfit for
fit for use,
are
use, but those of the other three rows
after payment of expenses.
growers and purchasers),
and are in every respectgood. I have also another row
of the
A capitalof "2000, in "2 shares,to be held by members
same
varietyunder a west wall and not earthed ; these are not
only,"1 being paid-up,would give a fair start to the concern,
The crop, however, promises to be good, and the
fit for use.
the
and if a few hundred
pounds were
guaranteed to secure

bligbt of this
quassiato save them from the extraordinary
spring. Stiff Soil, Somerset,
"

preliminary expenses, there could be no reasonable doubt of

The management would have to be settled in committee,
success.
and the priceof members'
tickets.
I shall be glad to be a shareholder,
and if you take the affair
in hand shall thank yon to placemy name
the list for "25
on
for the guarantee fund.
J. P.,of York.

"

"

tubers will not green.

Finally,I have about 80 yards of row of Ashleaf under a

wall,planted so as not to requireearthing-up,and these
In the open ground I have several rows
are
as yet too small.
of the same
variety,planted about 4 inches deep, that have
been earthed-up; the crop is good in fact we have been using
them for several days.
I draw are
The conclusions
1, That deep plantingto save
In the middle of May this year I sent to a most respectableearthing-upmust be resorted to, otherwise the tubers will green.
of
in
Covent
lbs.
inches
highly recommended,
Garden, 12
deep and subsequentlyearthing-up,
2, That planting4
person,
I
favourable to an earlier and better crop, and prevent greenare
Grapes. He would take,I believe,24 lbs. a-week from me.
ing.
first. They were
thought I would try half that number
selling
3, That for most of the round kinds,which form tubers
in London
for from 12s. to 18s. per lb. As your correspondent near
the stem and surface,
earthing-upis absolutelynecessary,
"
I thought half that pricewill do for me."
ing
After waitotherwise the crop will be very much
damaged from greening.
says,
some
weeks, I thought at last I had better ask for the 4, That drawing the earth to the stem tends to render the soil
"
sale."
The answer
that
account
the
fruit
and affords a stiffershorter haulm, a superior
was
nearly drier,warmer,
was,
useless to him, or not marketable,or something of the kind, crop, and encourages
earlier ripening,a point of consequence
that he had it still by him, and
scarcelyexpected to sell it ; in our climate.
but yet notwithstanding,good self-denying
he actually
In taking up the Ashleaf on July 1st I found diseased tubers.
man,
sent me
2s. 6d!.per lb. However, I have not since put his
like this the shallower Potatoes have been planted
In a season
I
rather
charityto a test,as
got then, 5s. per lb. at the better. They will be all haulm it the present wet continue.
get, or
home.
I shall not try Covent Garden
P.
G.
fine in appearance,
now
again.
being very even.
They are
Whilst writing on Potatoes I may
say that Red-skinned
[We have other letters for which we hope to find space next
has
Flourball
and so have the American
come
irregularly,
week.
up very
Eds.]
varieties.
I have under trial about twenty roots each of
Flourball and Pink-eyedLipstoue. They are both
Red-skinned
EARTHING
NOT
versus
EARTHING
POTATOES.
the produce of one
tuber each of last year, and they differ
Having
I
be
allowed
the
some
in
to
experience, may
haulm, the one having the Lapgtone foliagebut
widely
reportprogress.
and the other is more
slender.
In habit and hardiness
By way of prefaceI may say that I have to keep up a supply more
stiff,
of new
Potatoes from as earlya period as it is possibleto have
all right. As
tell
regards flavour I can
they seem
them firm and full-flavoured,
and not watery and insipid.That
baiter after August. G. Aebet.
usuallv is the first week of March, and the supply is continued
I
I HAD
dailyup to the middle of June either from pots or frames.
twenty or thirtyvarieties or samples of Potatoes to
will first speak of Potatoes in pots,depending as I do on them
the Early Rose,
and among
them
grow for trial last summer,
for the earlier supplies; indeed I do not reckon on them from
tested in all its points. For that
which was
to be thoroughly
frames
until the middle of April,and these are planted in
I planted one-half the sample on a piece of heavilypurpose
November.
manured
the rows
when the plants
ground, forking between
For pots I employ a form of Ashleaf known, I think,in some
I earthed them up to a good
appeared,and later in the season
parts as the "Creeper," probablyfrom the Potatoes being height,hand-weeding them, "3., till they were
ripe. They
formed
at a considerably
further distance from the stem than is yieldedan enormous
of largeand
crop, in about equalquantities
the case
with many
other earlykinds, and it produces them
small tubers,and, speakingof them as a stock,they had degenerated
in size,few being small.
I grow one
other half sample I
very even
from the osiginal. The
largeset in a
very much
inch
three
9
and
good sets in an ll-inch pot, and sometimes two
time on ridgedground, placingthe sets in
plantedat the same
in a 10-inch pot. I also grow Myatt's Prolific in pots in about
and forked the
the hollows with a good dressing of manure,
equal proportionswith the Ashleaf. Myatt's Prolific is also an
down
ridges
level,so that the Potato sets would be about
excellent varietyfor pots. I grow an equal proportionof both.
6 inches below the level at the time of planting. They had
The pots are half filled with soil,the sets introduced
tillripe,wi'h the exceptionof
and just nothingwhatever done to them
covered with soil. That is one
part. In another lot of pots occasional hand-weeding, when they proved all that could be
the sets are placed about 5 inches deep, or are covered with
in we'ght the half
desired.
In the first place they exceeded
that depth of soil. Those
just covered with soil are up the sample first noticed,and were
much
better in quality,
being
heightof the pots and earthed by the time those earthed at well-shaped,well-developedspecimens, with few small ones
plantingare appearing. They are placed under like conditions among them, and equal,if not superior,to the originalstock.
of treatment,and the result is precisely
the same.
which is
Secondly,they were from a week to ten days earlier,
south

"

"

"

"

"

"

24

JOUENAL

OF

HOKTICULTURB

AND

COTTAGE

[ July 13, 1871.

GAEDENEK.

great consideration where the tubers are wanted for table, blooms, one of John Hopper being the best of that sort I
in any stand.
There was
a close competition
ground the Potatoes are occupying is requiredfor other have ever seen
With regardto the above trial,
the amateurs
in the thirty-sixes,
the Eev. G. Arkwright
the nontherefore,
purposes.
among
and the Eev. S. E. Hole third. The Eev.
earthingsystem was the more
satisfactory.
being placed first,
I am of opinion that in general the non-earthing
system is S. E. Hole was firstfor twenty-foursand twelves.
both as regards quality and
There were
some
preferablefor all earlyvarieties,
very nice ball-room bouquets and bridal
with the additional merit of being fit for table
the comshowed
mon
productiveness,
bouquetsof Eoses exhibited,although some
failure of being too large. The first-prize
a week
ten days earlier as a rule,and, of course, a certain
or
bridal bouquet
of labour is saved,which
made
amount
to market-growersis a conwith
and
too
not
siderationwas
good,
taste,
great
up
exceedingly
main
are
might object to the use of pink Moss
supposed to realthough some
; but for all main
large,
crops, which
in the ground till late in the autumn, I should consider
Rose buds ; but a slightamount
of colour helps,
in my opinion,
it advisable to earth-up,as the Potatoes which
form in
to relieve the dead white of ordinarybridal bouquets.
would
the ridgeswould lie much drier than on the level. This,in a
The collectionof new
exhibited
Messrs.
Paul " Son
Eoses
by
wet season, would
act as a preventive
was
against disease,second
especiallygood ; and a stand of twenty-four blooms of
growth, "e., without mentioning the convenience at lifting Comtesse d'Oxtord shows that it will be a great acquisition.
time." P. D.
On the whole, the best new
Eoses of the last two years I have
Mdlle. Eugenie Verdier,Comtesse d'Oxtord,Marquise
seen
are
de Mortemart, Marquise de Castellane,
Auguste Neumann, very
NOTES
ON
ROSES
: HEREFORD,
NEWARK,
dark ; Nardy Fieres,the best purplish-crimsonI have yet seen;
AND
MANCHESTER.
Ferdinand de Lesseps, Edward
Morren, Dupuy-Jamin, a very
Having, after judgingat Nottingham,been to judge also at fine-shapedEose, large,with smooth petals,something like
violet ; Princess
Alfred Colomb, but with more
Christian ;
Hereiord,Newark, and Manchester, I send yon a few notes on
the Eoses, which may prove of some
Madame
Liabaud, an improved Virginal; La Motte Sanguine,
interest to your readers.
in outline ; and Louis Van
fine in colour,but rather irregular
The Show
at Hereford was
the amateurs,
good, especially
among
who came
out in great force,especially
Mr. E. N. Baker, Houtte, nearly the colour of the old Due de Gazes, but a finer
Eose.
who
Of these I no
has already
hesitation in recommending the first
been so successful at the CrystalPalace and
four" Nardy Fieres,Dupuy-Jamin,Madame
elsewhere. The Bev. G. Arkwright, the Eev. J. B. M. Camm,
Liabaud, andLouis
Van Houtte.
Mr. C. N. Newdegate,and the Kev. J. M. Smythe were
also
Of older Roses which have been particularly
exhibitors of very good stands of Eoses, though Mr. Baker was
good this year
then John Hopper, Baronesa Eothschild,
facilepnnceps, taking first honours in each class he exhibited La France stands first,
Charles
Madame
Tbfiiese
in. Among
Alfred
the nurserymen,
Lefebvre,
Levet,
Colomb,
Messrs. Paul " Son were
first,
Mr. J. Keynes second,and Mr. G. Davison, of Hereford,third. Mar^ohal
Vaillant,Paul Verdier,Centifolia rosea, Abel Grand,
Duke
of Edinburgh, fine in colour,but rather irregular,
Mr. Cranston
was
not
nearly
able to exhibit for competition, but
Messrs. Paul
always quartered this year ; and Dr. Andry.
staged some
very fine blooms at the orchestra end of the room.
chester,
Noticeable among
the older Eoses
Annie
were
very fine blooms of Marie iSaumann at ManWood, Marie exhibited some
it so often exhibited as
but otherwise I have not seen
Baumann, Beauty of Waltham, Triomphe de Eennes, Xavier
Peach.
P.
last
year.^C.
Olibo,FrancoisLouvat, and La France. These were shown by
a

and the

Messrs. Paul

"

Son,

who

also exhibited the

very

best Miss

Mr. J. Keynes exhibited very good

Ingram I have ever seen.
examples of Maurice Bernardin,Madame Vigneron,Mrs. Charles
Wood, Souvenir d'un Ami, Madame
Willermoz, La Prance,
and Mdlle. Eugenie Verdier.
In Mr. Baker's stand were
very
fine specimens of Paul Verdier,Dr. Andry, Mdlle. Marie Eady,

HORTICULTURAL
NOTTINGHAM

IMPLEMENTS

AT

THE

EXHIBITION.

"
nncL the man, but tools and
time is, not arms
The true epic of our
the man, an intiuitely
wider kind of epic." T. Carhjle,
Mr. Camm
Antoine
Ducher.
had
tural
The
which has attended the Eoyal Horticulof Vicomtesse de Vezins, Paul Neron, Centifolia
great success
very fine ones
Society'sShow at Nottingham induces me to ask,through
rosea, Abel Grand, and Lord Napier.
Eoses were
Among the new
good examples of M. Liabaud, your valuable Journal,whether the Council would adopt on
in the arrangement of
better method
Louis Van Houtte,Prince of Wales, Ferdinand
de Lesseps,Marquise the next occasion some
de Ligneris,Annie Laxton, Auguste Neumann, Madame
goods in that portionof the ground set apart for trade ? It is
Creyton,Nardy Fietes,and Edward Morren.
scarcelyin keeping with the high purposes for which the Eoyal
is held,that the visitor on entering finds
Show
A very noticeable feature in the exhibition were
two boxes of Horticultural
of Centifolia rosea, exhibited by himself in the midst of a fancy bazaar,and that the principal
twenty.four blooms" one
Paul " Son, another of La France by Mr. Keynes ; they were
approaches to the grand marquee are lined with booths,similar
so
None
but the
evenly balanced in point of merit that they were awarded equal to those we see on fair days in market towns.
would be likelyto see anything
first.
most perseveringof sight-seers
of impleThe
ments,
confined
to local beyond this in the trade ground. The manufacturers
competition at Newark was chiefly
and amateurs, but very good blooms
tools,and apparatus used in horticulture ought to be
bited
exhiwere
nurserymen
by Messrs. Merryweather,
of Southwell,
and Mr. Fretting- recognisedby the Council,as having a claim to a constant and
There
is no
need to exclude
ham, of Beeston. The Eev. S. E. Hole exhibited a good stand
prominent place at the Show.
of thirty-six,
necessary that dealers and
though,owing to the weather,not quiteup to his other trades,but it is by no means
cultural
of goods having no specialinterest to the hortiusual mark.
manufacturers
The eame
may be said of the Eoses shown by the
Eev. N. Pochin, and it was an exceedingly
close contest between
world, should monopolise the best places. Next in
the
Mr. Hole and Mr. Pochin for the first prizein thirty-six,
point of attraction to the show of plantsand frnit,come
Mr.
Hole eventually
of the
implements and apparatus used in the garden. They have
winning by the superiormerit of some
the
first blooms, especially
great triumphs
Madame
Furtado, Souvenir d'un Ami, contributed some share,however humble, to
but be in agreement with the
It would
and Marquisede Mortemart.
of the horticulturist.
Mr. Poehin's stand was
so good
the marquee
the
to
if
avenue
of
fitness
there
principal
things,
third
was
that,as
no
mended
proper
prize awarded, the Judges recomand their repreof manufacturers
set apart for the use
the Committee to add the value of the third prizeto were
sentatives
implements and
the second.
Many of the Eoses exhibited showed signs of the
; then let the sellers of agricultural
goods take the second and third places. Of
severityof the spring frosts,
which have been very prevalent miscellaneous
of the Eoyal
in Nottinghamshire.
necessary to the prosperity
course, if it is absolutely
Horticultural
The competition among
Societythat the vendors of toys and the retailers
in twelves and
amateurs, especially
sixes,was very close ; and the Eev. C. C. Ellison,of Bracebridge, of beer should have the most prominent positionsin the trade
have it. No one, however, who
let them
showed an exceedinglygood stand of eighteen blooms, very
ground, by all means
each day of
that poured into the Park en
the thousands
fresh both in colour and foliage. I will not attempt to enumesaw
rate
the Show would
that it stood in need of any such
the sorts
of names.
suppose
a
as it is

President

"

Willermoz,and

exhibited,

only repetition
judge at the first Kose Show at
Manchester,which, oouBideringthe season, may be put down
as a great success,
although there were very few exhibitors from
the norl_h.
Mr. George Paul (Paul " Son) carried everything
before him in the nurserymt n's classes,
and I have seldom seen
better blooms.
Mr. Mitchell also showed
some
very good
From

Newark

I went

to

support.
does not attend the Show merely to make
A manufacturer
branch of trade is now
sales. That
permanently established,
and there is alwaysample stock in the hands of agents to meet
the wants of the public. It is the only time during the year,
and for that districtin several years, that he has the oppor-

26

JOURNAL

OF

HORTICULTUKIfi

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

[ July 13, 1871.

decorated witliflags
of all natioas,whicli was
done under the personal Victoria Docks to have a children's flower show in their infant
and tbrongli
at the
thsliindness of Mr. Linch, dock-master
supervision
echool-room.
What
given to the little
pure pleasure was
The flowers were
tables down
the centre
Victoria Docks.
on
arranged
Sarahs, and Eilens, and Fannys, and Williams, and Georges
For the embellishof the room, and had a very prettyappearance.
ment
who gained a prize,pleasure fur their mothers
too.
What a

of the show, s.ime

choice cut flowers were
kindly contributed by
world of happiness to very many
must
that show have caused !
Sir Antonio
Brady,Mr. Christopher Boyd, of Che"hunt, Mrs. Adams, I
commend
the account of it to our
readers generally,
but parof Plaistow, and Mr. Bidder, of Mitcbam.
The competitorsexhibited
ticularly
to
towu
and
other
town
dwellers.
I hope this
clergy
fine specimens of Petunias,Mignonette,Fuchsias,Calceolarias,
some
Musk

Plants, and Geraniums.

attendance dnringthe afternoon

good example

find many

may

and
imitators,

so

pure

taste will

be nourished,and it may be both heart and liferaised to a higher

The
very satisfactory.
enlivened
and fife standard,for contact
with purityalways benefits,
proceedingswere
by the performances of the drum
and nothing
Schools. At half -past five on
band, in connection with the Bishopsgate
earth is so pure as its flowers,
for truly and sweetly thus
o'clock the prizes,Ibirty-onein number, and consisting
of writing
John Keble
The

was

sings of them

distributed to the sucdesks,books, ji'^f^ires,

"c., were
cessful
games,
of the comby the Rev. H. J. Bodily, president
mittee,
competitors
who in the course
of a few appropriateremarks
to the children,

cases,

"

of Eden's bowers.
fair
as
pure, as fragrant,and
when ye crowned
the sunshine
hours
Of hai'py wanderers
there.
Fallen all beside" the world of life,
How
is it stained with foar and strife I
What
passions rage and glare !
But
cheerful and unchanged the while
Your firstand perfect form ye show,
Eve's
The same
that won
matron
smile
In the world's opening glow."

"

Relics
As

seemed
the part oE the committee
to be a determination
on
for another year.
He expressedthe greatrt-gret
to carry the show on
he felt at the absence of Mr. Boyd, as he knew
how much that gentleman
would have liked to have been present. Before bis departure
for
he

expressedhis great sympathywith

the

scheme,

and

was

desirous

that it should succeed.

Mr. Gatty,the
tary,
Honorary Secrealso addressed the meeting,urging on the children the necessity
for cultivating
cleanliness and neatness of growth in their plants. He
I wish all success
stated that upwards of ""20 had been raised towards expenses, from
at Victoria Docks.
and after meeting
friends in the country and a few local gentlemen,
all demands
there would
be a substantial balance.
This announcement
veiy

received
Tea

with applause. Each

steppingforward,and a
largeshare of applause.

received

was

loudlycheered
a

on

very

recipientof a prize was

littlefellow named
Taylor

adjoiningschool-room,when about
tea a social meetingwaa
held, when
Several glees
were
givenby the choir of
the iron church ; Mr. and Mrs. Everett gave some
excellent specimens
of vocalisation; pianoforteand vocal selectionswere
performedby Miss
and Miss Brown, of Plaistow ; while some
excellent recitations
Adams
were
given by Mr. Hernaman, and one of the boys in the band. With
such attractions the proceedings
could not fail to be pleasant.
one

there

was

was

providedin

now

hundred

sat down.

the

After

largeaudience.

[I was remarking a Bhort time ago to a Loudon

cityman, that
only had profane swearing ceased among gentlemen, but it
was
happilymuch less heard among the poor. He replitd,"You
If you ask a man
should hear how they swear
at the Docks.
to
lend a hand and he is willing,
he adds an oath to couviace you
that he is ; if angry and unwilling he swears
ing
at you ; ia workOh ! how they swear
they swear, in idlingthey swear.
with a shudder, *' What
at the Docks."
I remarked
an
sphere
atmoto bring up children in !"
Such was
with
the
Docks
idea
of
London, and
my connecting
when
into my
the foregoing report came
bands, as I sat
here, in leafywest of England, amid the trees and flowers,and
the smell of the new-made
hay, borne through my window,
mingling its sweetness with that of the Roses before me, and
"
when
I read its title, Children's
Flower Show
at Vititoria
at the Docks
!"
Docks," I added, Ah I and how they swear
not

are

As

said there

America

ye

to the
"

good

Wiltshire

POTATO
I

endeavours

of the

good people

Kector.]

DISEASE.

plut of ground 30 yards square, planted with

American
Early R)8e Potato,the greater part of which is very
much
affected with the Potato blight. I have dug-up several
a

HAVE

of the affected roots and find the tubers very much

I
diseased.
have also some
B^^vinia and Red-skinned
Flourball,similarly
but not to such an
extent
the former.
as
affected,
I believe
all the above to be American
varieties.
I have some
of Paterson's Victoria plantedalongsidethe Americans, and they are at
I believe the disease to be at
present free from disease.
presentconfined to the Americans, as I have not heard of its
appearance
amongst any of the English varieties. T. J,
Harrison, Famden, Cheshire,
"

ROYAL

BOTANIC
July

SOCIETY'S
12th

and

SHOW.

13th.

This has provedone

of the best of the shows held by the Society
this summer,
although the weather on the first day was by no means
of many
of the largespecimensseen
favourable ; but the absence
at
the earlier shows is compensatedfor by a very good exhibition of fruit,
which

is

attraction

at London
Of table

shows, especially
as there has
decorations,epergnes, ct Jwc
the ladies a great
excitingamong
genus omne, there is a largedisplay,
of interest,
amount
though it may be questioned whether such objects
would
to a place by themselves,instead of
not be better relegated
but havingread the article how much
better an
association of forminga part of the contents of the greattent.
The attendance of
ideas shall I now
This ia,indeed,the
have with those Djcks.
visitorswas very good.
What
cheap,and pretty, Among the exhibitions of stove and greenhouse plantsin flower,
age for givingadvantages to children.
those from Mr. Ward, gardener to F. G. Wilkins,Esq.,Leyton,both
and interestingbooks are now
issued for them, instead of the
childhood ! -Now, there is of twenty in 12-inch pots,and of six in pots of any size,deserve parof our
ticular
dear, dull, didactic ones
the latter,althongh they come
second
to a
notice,especially
education to raise the poorest,hospitalsto nurse
them
if sick,
collection from Mr. Baines,gardener to H. MichoUfl,Esq. Mr. Ward
in
the
town
for
and
ladies
children,
clergymen
days
country
has a splendid
specimenof the richlycoloured Erica Parmentieriana
and appliworking for them and with them, so many means
ances
elegansone of the finest specimenswe have
rosea, and of Pleroma
for future usefulness
are
and rethere to train them
spectability.
ever
render it
seen, being covered with its large violet flowers,which
And
I have the greatest possible pleasure in
well done," which it seldom
is. AUamanda
BO effectivewhen
granof doing heart-^oodto the poor
diflora in the same
recordingyet another means
collection is also tine ; Statics profusa,very good
the
children's
flower
children
a
show
and
Erica
obbata.
Mr.
t
o
town
at thoughbeginning pass ;
viz.,
starting
Baines, however,
well deserved the first position,
If children cannot
be brought up in the
the Victoria Docks.
having a magnificentErica obbata ;
Anthurinm
and in fruit;
Scherzerianum,very fine,with twelve spathes,
to bring the
country, the next best thing is to endeavour
Aubletii ; Hedaroma
AUamanda
tulipifernm,
very fine ; Dipladenia
country to them, and this is mo"t readilydone by givingthem
Mr.
and Erica
Parmentieriana
amabilis,
Wheeler,
splendid.
rosea,
an
opportunity of gratifyingthat taste for flowers which all
gardener to J. Philpott,Esq., has also good specimens,as also have
children have naturally. How
strong an instinct or taste this Messrs. Jackson " Son, of
and
Mr.
Kingston,
Kemp, gardener,Albury
it walks among
the Daisies,
is!
Eich
little one
as
soon
as
Park, in the class for plantsin 12-inch pots.
been

alwaysan

of late

so

littleof it.

"

"

"

stops,and stoops to pluck them, gatheringa posy of them in

Of fine-foliaged
plants,Mr. Baines sends a magnificentpan of
I have sometimes
its warm
thought that this Sarracenia purpurea, Pho3nicophorinmsechellarnm, Croton pictnm
plump hand.
of the children to the flowers ; largeand beautifully
in part from the nearness
coloured, and Theophastaimperialis.
Messrs.
arose
their eyes look straightand close into them, and the flowers Barleyand Wright take the remainingprizes.
In
there
but
of
which
Messrs.
are
the
whereas
Orchids,
few,
Ward,
are
so
look straightup
two
to them,
Wright,and
near;
we,
J. Wheeler
amateurs, and Messrs. Williams, RoUisson, and
tall grown-up
among
folks,are high above them, and look not Bo
Ball are the snccessfnl exhibitors.
closelyinto the world of flower beauty at our feet. Bat the
Palms and Exotic Ferns
are
contributed,the best coming
freely
children cannot get to the flowers,
tempts
they make atpoor town
from Mr. Williams, of Holloway,Messrs. Burley, Baines, Carr, and
and
get hold of dying cast-away nosegays, and play
Wright ; we noticed among the Palms fine specimensof Latania borsteps,
with, and pet, and caress
them, sittingin their rags on doorbonica,Sabal Blackburniana, "c.
seldom
and
back
but
they
get near
streets,
Of British Ferns Messrs. Ivery,as nsual,have a largeassemblage.
up courts
and beauty. Surely,then, it was
flowers in their bloom
one
Tricolor Pelargoniumsfrom Messrs. Stevens,Carter ifc Co., E- G.
of man's
best thoughts which prompted the good people at
Henderson,and F. " A. Smith are, as usual, excellent ; and among

JOURNAL

July 13, 1871. ]

they

amateurs

well

are

in
represented

OF

AND

HORTICULTURE

collections from

Messrp.

Of Zonal
kinds in flower,Mr. Catlin,
'Goddard,Thomas, and Welsh.
has trulygrand specimens.
gardenerto Mrs. Lermitte,Finchley,
in larf];e
New
plants are shown
by Mr. Williams. Messrs.
groups
Mr. W. Paul
has
Teitch, Mr. Bull, and Messrs. E. G. Henderson.
a

of new
not for competition,
also Liiium
Pelargoniums
of Roses.
cut blooms
flowered,as well as splendid
beautifully
Cranston, Paul " Sou, Cant, Fraser, and Kimberley,have

fine group

"auratum
Messrs.

in fine condition ; whilst among

amateurs,
stand conspicuous. Mr.
Farren, and Mr. Chard
Bath, has, as usual,very fine Carnations, Picotees,and
well as fancyPansies ; and Messrs. Downie, Laird, and

also stands of cut blooms

Mr.

lugle,Mr.
of

Hooper,
doves, as

Laing'sPhloxes
praise.

and

Bronze

Pelargoniumsdeserve

more

than

word

"of

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

27

is second with Muscat

of Alexandria, fine
Muscat; Mr. Barham
bunches, tolerably
ripe; and Mr. Kemp, gardener to the Duke of
third
with
Northumberland, Albury Park,
good, compact, but not
kind, but not sullilargebunches.
Very largobunches of the same
from
Mr. A. Wright,gardener to C. H.
come
Roberts,
ciently
ripe,
and
Mr.
Friern
Davies,
Barnet, the three weit;hEsq,,Regent'sPark,
ing 13 lbs.,and Mr. Walker, Acton.
Of other white kinds, Buckland
Sweetwater, finely
ripened,from
Mr. Cole,gardener to E. S. Bud^^ett,
Esq.,Ealing Park, is first ; A.scot
Citronelle,
a
delieiously-flavoured
long-hanging
Grape,from Messrs.
Standish " Co., of Ascot,being second. This, though not large in
is one
of the most
delicious
Grapes we have tasted. Third
berry,
Mr. Pizzey,gardener to Sir E. Perry,Fulmer, Slough,with
comes
White

Muscadine.

Of Pines there are

The best Queen is one
of
decorations,
"c., we did not notice much above the
twenty-one shown.
of the arrangements are tasteful enough. 6 lbs.,
from Mr. Jaques,gardener to J. C. P. Cunliffe,
Esq., Hooley
"ordinary
run, though some
in
still
overload
is
to
small-crowned
and
is
Mr.
with
to
Second
There
flowers,
a great tendency
well-swelled.
House, Croydon,
general
"render the arrangements too elaborate. Our
plicity.Akehurst, gardenerto J. Copestake,
leaning is towards simEsq.,Highgate,with a fruit
Miss Hassard, St. Ronans, Norwood, is first for a dinnerto
having by far too largea crown
; third,Mr. J. Deaville,gardener
Clarendon
"table decoration ; Miss
Messrs. Godfrey,
Ashbourne.
Harris,
Park, Salisbury,
second, Lady Edwards, Wooton Hall,
Wheeler,
with growing plants,
first and Cole also send good fruit. For
Mr. Bertram,
and she is also second for an epergne
no
any other variety
with cut flowers and fruit,
Miss
"beingawarded, and first for the same
gardenerto R. T. Crawshay, Esq., is firstwith a Providence not fully
For a table bouquetMiss Annie
Mr.
Hassard beingsecond in this case.
Ward, gardener to T. N. Miller,
ripe of 9i lbs. ; second comes
Miss Harris second.
Miss Buster and Miss Hassard
Wiiliams is first,
Esq.,Bishop Stortford,with a fine Smooth Cayenne of Tibs.; tha
"are
ham,
Page Green, Tottenequal second for hand bouquetstied. Mr. Wills, Sussex Place, same kind from Mr. Rochford, market gardener,
In dinner-table

Mrs. R. Tanton
and Mr. J. W.
is third.
Brompton,is firstfor a bridal bouquet,
kinds principally
beingsecond and third ; Mr. Perkins,Leamington,beingfirst, Of Melons there is a fairshow. The green-fleshed
Mr.
Cranston
Mr. Tanton
third for ball-room bouquets. shown are
second,and
Gem, and Bailey's,but there are
Queen Emma, Golden
In
from
in our
is the chief scarlet-fleshedkind.
rustic standingbaskets,the prettiest
several hybrids;as usual, Gem
opinioncomes
Mrs.
Cole " Sons, and consists of Panicura variegatam, Dractena
Of Peaches, splendiddishes of Royal George and Violette Hative.
and blue Lobelia.
awarded.
Several other prizeswere
from Mr. W. Birse,gardener
to J. F. Lermitte,Esq.,Finchley;
"Cooperi,
come
awarded to Mr. Parker, Tooting,for of Barrington and Grosse
First-class certificates were
Mignonne from Mr. Reid, gardener to
Izora amabilis ; to Mr. Bull for Biguonia Roezliana, Amorphophallus L. Huth, Esq.,Possingworth
; of Royal George and Violette HJitive
Alocasia Marshalli, Philodendron
hybridum, Dioscorea from Mr. Bones; of Grosse Mignonne and Violette Hative from Mr.
"pectabilis,
Pteris serrulata cristata,
and Goniophlebiumglaucophyl- Lynn, gardenerto Lord
these kinds,as
Boston, Maidenhead
spectabilis,
; and
"
Son
for Hydrangeajaponica well as Noblesse,are well shown by other exhibitors.
ium ; to Messrs. E. G. Henderson
Mr.
B.
Williams
for
MrH.
to
to
fine
Violette
S.
of
Nectarines comprise
^peciosa;
Hative, Balgowan,
Rhopalagranatensis
;
specimens
of the Royal Gardens, Herrenhauaen, for^chmea
Wendland, Inspector
Elruge, Hunt's Tawny, and Newington from Messrs. Davey, Birse
Son for Polystichum
IMariffi-Reginse
angnlare and Kemp.
; to Messrs. Ivery "
P. angulare Marshalli,and P. angulare
sent fiae dishes of,
Of Cherries,Messrs. Cole,Walker, and Godbold
vulgare
pulchrum Bellairaice,
and Mr. Smith the Elton.
"Whytei ; to Messrs. Standish for Bouvardia leiantha grandiflora;and
BigarreauNapoleon,Black "Tartarian,
The following
"to Messrs. Rollisson
for Davallia clavata.
floral cerIn Strawberries,four dishes,Mr. Douglas,gardener to F. Whitbourn,
"tificates
were
given viz.,to Messrs. Perkins,Leamington,for Colons
Esq.,has remarkablyfine fruit of the Frogmore Late Pine,
for Tricolor PelargoniumGem
Lady Leigh,and to Mr. C. Eiraberley
Lucas, Admiral Duudas, and British Queen. Mr. Clarke, gardener
"of TricolorE.
to J. C. Browne, Esq.,Horsham, has Empress Eugenie,very fine.
Mr.
from
Large fruit of President,Lucas, and Sir C. Napier come
FRUIT,
Eston
Park ; and of
Smith, gardenerto the Earl of Gainsborough,
Of collectionsof fruit only two are shown ; the one
from
comes
Frogmore Late Pine, Sir C. Napier,and British Queen, from Mr.
Mr. Lynn, gardenerto Lord
Boston, Hedsor, the other from Mr.
to the Marquisof Ailesbury,Savernake
A. Johnson, gardener
Forest. Pizzey.
age,
Mr. Harvey,gardener to P. Wroughton,Esq.,WorsleyPark, WantBoth are remarkablygood. That from Mr. Lynn, to which the first
sends four good Pines, grown on the Hamiltonian
system, being
prizewas awarded, consisted of largebunches of Black Hamburgh the third
months.
Mr.
and
in
seven
Akehurst,
two
dener
garcrop
years
"Grapes,General de la Marmora, a Queen Pine, Victoryof Bath
Pines in
to S. Copestake,
Esq., has three good, ripe-fruited
Melon, splendidGrosse Mignonue Peaches, ElrugeNectarines finely
to J. A. Rose, Esq.,
pots ; and of Vines in pots.Mr. Wisker, gardener
and
Paxton
berry,
StrawSir
"coloured,
Cherries,
BigarreauNapoleon
Joseph
bunches.
Wandsworth Common,
has
two
plantswith well-ripened
lent
sends two good Pines, excelvery large and fine, Mr. Johnson
not
Messrs. Lane
are
have also good examples, though the bunches
Black and White
Grapes, good Peaches,Nectarines,Strawberries,
E.
from
Mr. Cole,gardenerto
so well coloured ; and
Budgett, Esq.,
Collections of six dishes of out-door
Cherries, and a Melon.
fruit
ing
fine Vines trained with 3-feet stems, and formtwo
come
Park,
Ealing
from Mr. Lynn, Hedsor, Mr. Bones, gardenerto D. Mcintosh,
come
circular table-head,from each of which are
a
suspendedeight
JEsq.,
HaveringPark, Mr. Kemp, and Mr. Pizzey,and consist of Red,
Chard

"

These
good bunches.
were
White, and Black Currants, Raspberries,
Gooseberries,Strawberries,
repotted.
Cherries,and Winter Greening Apples.
Of other fruit,Mr. Osman,
the
most part very good.
Grapesare very numerously shown, and for

grown

in 12-inch

pots

and

afterwards

gardenerto F. R. Holland, Esq.,StanTurkey Figs ; Mr. Harvey,Wooley Park,

more, has very fine Brown
best 12-lb. basket of Black Grapes comes
from Mr. Berry,gardener
has also
two fruit of Stephanotis
floribunda;Mr. Osman
Wantage,
to J. Da Silva,Esq.,Barntwood
Common
House, Wandsworth
;
excellent French
Crab Apples; and Mr, Deaville sends Bedfordshire
'the berries beautifully
in
coloured,and, though not large,very even
in
fine
Seedling,
preservation.
plump, and
is second, and Mr. G. Osborne, Kaye's Nursize. Mr. A. Johnson
sery,
Finchley, third,both with fine berries as regards size,colour,
Mr. Sage,gardener
and bloom.
to Earl Brownlow, Atherstone, and
BALSAM
CULTURE.
Mr. Wallis,gardenerto J. Dixon, Esq., Astle Park, also send fine
baskets.
As it is necessary to make
two or three sowings for sake of
The
of
best basket of White
is
Muscat
Alexandria
well
Grapes
think it useless to fix any date ; the seeds may
we
succession,
from Mr. Feist,gardenerto R. Ashby,Esq.,Staines.
The
ripened,
and
be sown
in almost any soil (ifit be of a lightnature),
from Mr. Osborne ; and third,
second best,not so fullyripened,
comes
In a few days the young
seedliogs
plunged in a mild hotbed.
is Mr, Davies, Friern Barnet.
the
them
taken
will
Great
be
to
have
near
must
care
In singledishes of Black Hamburgh, Mr. Douglas,gardenerto
appear.
F. Whitbourn, Esq.,Loxford
as they are fit to be handled, selecta number
Hall, takes the lead with good-sized, glass. As soon
The
bunches.
finely-coloured
pots,and a quantityof soil consistingof leaf
dish, from Mr. Walker, of deep thumb

The

second-prize

H. J. Atkinson,
Esq.,Acton, consists of good,compact
bunches, well coloured ; Mr. Lane, gardenerto J. Miles,Esq.,Friern
Barnet, is third, with large,fine bunches, but not well coloured.

gardenerto

also from Mr. Reid,Possingworth,

and
Messrs.
Large bunches come
Wright,Lee.
In Black
Grapesof any other kind, Madresfield Court, black as
firm also
might,from Messrs. Standish,of Ascot, is first ; the same
sends Royal Ascot. Mr. Hicks, gardener to C. Scholfield, Esq.,is
second with Black Prince,moderatelygood. Third comes
from
Mr.
Barham, gardener to Lord Ormanthwaite, Warfield Park, with good

loam
the same
temperature as that from which
taken.
They should be pottedas deeply as possible,
is the most critical periodof
the leaves.
Now
not to cover
their growth. The
best plan will be to have a small hotbed
in treatingthem
prepared for them ; there is then no difficulty
the less the
as
they should be. Little shading is necessary
marked,
better,as they are so inclined to run upwards. As before reif
do
not come
they cannot be too near the glass, they
all
on
in actual contact with it. A little air is necessary
mould

and

"

theywere

"

bunches of Black Muscat of Alexandria.

occasions,as it tends to stubby and substantial growth. By
In Muscats Mr. Ritchie,gardener to R. 11. Prance, Esq.,Frognal, the next shift the
will see if he is to have nice plants;
grower
first
with large-berried
bunches of Bowood
Eampstead,is
symmetrical
shoots are got hold of,there is no diffias the bottom
as soon

COTTAGE

AND

HOKTICULTUBE

OF

JOUENAL

28

GARDENER.

[ July 13,1871.

"

'
in adding somethingfor each.
crumbs of comfort
He assured
long enough they must be
cultyin growing fair plants. When
be kept down
by them, however, that it was well to begin in most thingswith a failure,
pegged down, and every after-ahoot must
"
for
in
made
and
success
starting
people priggish"
cocky," while a
is even
Balsam
of pegs, or ties of Japan flax. The
means
often led to renewed
certain and coneffortand to a more
tinuous
brittle than the young
shoots ol Vines, and the trainer breakdown
more
He
then spoke of the benefits arisingto the poor
success.
must exercise considerable caution in tying or pegging. Some
and lowlyfrom the cultivation of flowers,
it
be
in a
even
might
though
people feel satisfied with an 8iuch pot for their largestplant, tinypot on a narrow
ledge. In that cultivation the dullest mind was
and
and
believe this to be the most
economical
most
we
child who cultivated a flower saw
or
expanded,for the man, woman,
useful system. Very nice plants,loaded with bloom, can
be
the benefit of air,water, and light to the growing plant,and the
in 8-inch pots with very littletrouble ; but to grow specitheir
blooms
would
have
mens
which followed care, and
they naturally
grown
who
is a very different consideration
11 or 12-inch pot thoughtsdirected to the Providence
bestowed all these gifts
on
an
His creatures, and to the advantages of ventilation and cleanliness.
will grow a specimen 3 J feet in diameter,and this we consider
need for some
of the exhibitors
He dwelt particularly
If plunged in a spent hotbed, with the sashes
upon the existing
a fair specimen.
selves
themto use water, 'with soap, on
and dwellers in these comers
tilted to admit as much
air as possible,
and every bloom
picked
for as
admonition not uncalled
an
regarded some
present.
off as it appears, they will grow like Willows
the
when
; and
the combination
of pleasant
After a jestingcomment
on
as
names,
searched throughthe soil and exhausted
roots have thoroughly
pleasant
Rosemary,Sweet Apple,Cherry Tree, and Paradise,with most unof feeding. The
it,they will stand any reasonable amount
placesin London, he congratulatedhis old friend.Old Pye
best Balsams
we
House
ever
saw
were
at CuUen
by Street, upon taking prizesat this Show, and said that whatever
grown
Mr. Milne in 1868 ; and being one
of Mr. Milne's assistants,education
the London
School Board decided upon
givingthe street
had the advantage of seeing their treatment.
The
we
plants Arabs, he should not be satisfied unless a knowledgeof Nature's
in
alluded to were trained as we generallysee show Pelargoniums. beauties was
imparted,and with this they would find sermons
A trelliswas
formed
thing.
of green-paintedsticks and dark cord,so
bubblingbrooks,open books in the green fields,and God in everythe
and Cauou
Dean
of
and
Westminster
The
Conway
spoke,
that every shoot could be pulled down
soft
flax
of
by means
and for the
concluded with cheers for the noble Chairman
time hidden from the eye.
ties,at the same
By the month of meeting
who is the President of the Society.
all that could be desired
August the plants were
certainly Dean,
"

"

"

their appearance

in the show-room
could not but
at CuUen
Milne
for all his trouble as regards the training.
Will you, Mr. Editor,or any of your correspondents,
be good
is the proper mode
of training? We
to state which
Balsams
in Lancashire
last summer
at different shows
saw
trained as Chrysanthemums
in Scotland,and we think the
are

satisfyMr.

enojjgh

SHOULD

ONE

EXHIBITOR
THE

RECEIVE

ALL

PRIZES?

At the leadingexhibitions there are, now, restrictions in the

size of pots in large collections of plants,so as to allow young
as
system highlyobjectionable,
theylook unsightlyunless they exhibitors a chance for competing, and I think the time is
shouldered up by a Geranium
two to hide their bare legs.
or
are
opportune for drawing attention to a practicethat prevailsat
Wm. Hinds, Childwall Lodge, Liverpool.(TheGardener.) small local
and which in my opinion equallyneeds
exhibitions,
reforming. The questionI wonld like to ask and see discussed
Is it fair,or not, that an
exhibitor
in your columns
is this
THE
NIGHT-BLOOMING
CEREUS.
should be allowed to carry off all the prizesin a singleclass ?
Of this,Csreus grandiflorue,
there is one largeold planthere
in
well
The practiceprevailsin this locality
as
as
others,and
which I have heard several gardenersand gentlemen say is the
tions
what I am
surprisedat is,that in the open classes or in colleclargestof its kind in England. It flowers here every year,
but with singlespeciof plantsor fruits it is disallowed,
mens
and in 1869 there were
131 flowers opened from
May 29th to
and singledishes of fruit or vegetablesit is the rule. Why
June
and
in
as
one
as
night. the line is drawn I cannot understand.
One
28th,
reason
1 have
sixty-sevenopen
many
This year it has just finished blooming ; the greatestnumber
obtained
heard urged is,that better exhibitions
are
by permitting
the
at
time
had
we
w
hen
one
in
plantphotographed
doubt
if
such
is
the
small
this
but
I
being
thirty-one,
as
open
greatly
case,
;
by the magnesium light. The size of the plant is districts it is well known where there is an exhibitor who excels
as follows
5i feet high, 9 feet across, and Ij foot through. in any particularthing,and his productions in that class are
It is trained on a strong iron trellis,
and every year's fresh
It may be the right
left to compete amongst themselves.
soon
is
laid
the top and closelytied-in on
the sides.
on
growth
way to get a good exhibition,but it is not the right way to
R. Maitland, Pendyffnjn
Gardens, Conway,
I
understood
that the first and
create a competition.
always
of horticulture,
[This is the finest specimen bloomed in this countryof which proper aim of flower shows is the advancement
than once
We have more
been taken
by causing an emulation amongst gardenersor amateurs,
have any information.
we
exhibitor showed
the best he had, and took the
an
blooms on small specimens. and when
to see, by lantern light,
one
or two
his superiorskill ; he should then be confirst prize,it showed
tent
The
trained over
the trellised arcade
finest we
ever
saw
was
he achieved,and allow the next best
with the honour
admitting from the Ganges to the house of the Curator of the
other
It
wonld
if
the
the
exhibitors
take
to
Botanic Gardens
prizes.
Its hundreds
of blooms
and the
at Calcutta.
appear as
not considered
at all
relative merits of the exhibitions
are
fire-fliesdartingamong
them
are
vividlyremembered.
Eds.]
accordingto this rule,that one might bring all his produce in
any class,stage it in singlespecimens or dishes,and let the
GARDENING.
WINDOW
judgespick out which they might think proper, thus setting
up
his own
produce to compete againstitself.
We are gladto see that societiesfor the enconragement
of this very
this
forward
is
motive
in
in
question
bringing
entirely
My
desirable object
contmne
to find promotera in the metropolis.
Lately
I believe that many
exhibition of plants was
held in the front court of the Royal the interest of fair play to small growers.
an
knowing that they have no chance
Hospital,nnder the auspices of a Society latelyformed in Upper are deterred from exhibiting,
of Lord
Chelsea, under the presidency
Cadogan, and the vice-presidency with a few of the local lions who go in and devour the lion's
In
of
the
of
adverse
of the parochial
mal
clergy. spite
prevalence
share,while they must stand back aghast until the noble anisis weelis previously,
weather,the plants which had been registered
is overgorged
they may go in and pick up a few
; then
awarded
to about
did credit to their owners,
and prizes were
sixty crumbs here and there. Of course
there is no blame attached
bad
competitors.The noble President,who distributed these prizes,
to the exhibitors
they receive the schedule,and are bound to
"

"

"

"

"

"

;
kind word of encouragement both for successful and unsuccessful
I have conversed
with
its conditions, right or wrong.
exhibitors. A band of the corps of commissionaires playeda selection accept
of my
the subject,and nearly all were
The
result of this first several gardeners on
of popular music
during the afternoon.
the
schedules
who draw up
to
factory,opinion. It is the committees
attempt to promote window gardeningin the parishwas
very satislook for reformation
in the future.
whom
must
we
and gave abundant
; all that the exhibitors
promiseof greatersuccess
I shall be glad to
Lord Shaftesbury
do is to protestagainstsuch conditions.
presidedover a meeting in the well-known Dean'scan
a
discussed.
A Toekev.
yard, Westminster Abbey, for the promotionof window
gardening,
see the matter
a

"

purpose

supported by the

Lord

Chancellor,the

Dean

of

Westminster,

Canon Conway, and others of the clergyand laity

of the surrounding
districts. A spacioustent in the enclosure held the flower show, the
TREES
FRUIT
THE
PROTECTION
OF
result of the springand summer
cultivation by dwellers in the neighbouring ON
nooks and corners.
Of three hundred exhibitors,
sixtywere
FROST.
FROM
LATE
which were
awarded prizes,
duly distributed before a very fashionable
of gardenersdeem
protectionof some
A VEEY
largenumber
of the lower class in the
assemblyto the winners,who were
chiefly
in
few declare against protectivemeasures
a
after giving all the prizes sort necessary;
labouring population.Lord Shaftesbury,
not
comparing small things with
amid
awarded, told the other exhibitors,
very fairly
great cheering,that though any degree,and
theyhad not won prizes,
great,class them in the same categorywith corn laws and proyetit had been determined to givethem some

Jaly 18,1871. ]

JOUBNAL

OP

HOBTIOULTUBE

teotive tariffs. The

differenoes ot individual
experience are
no
doubt, tu account for Bome
suffioieut,
divergenceof opinion
versal
of protectionnecessary ; but the almost unias to the extent
or
prevalenceof frost,
equallydestructive winds, up tilla
for doubt as to the
late periodin spring,should leave littleroom
extent.
Perhaps too much
expediency of the practiceto some
protectionis as bad in its results as no protection; and thus the
of their views in
find some
non-protectionists
justification
may
the failures of those that coddle their trees,
under the impression
sitive
that they are retardingthem, tillthey become
unnaturallysenfitful spring weather.
in our
of every change that occurs
it is possible to
as
It is quite possibleto protect overmuch
Hibernian
The
clothe ourselves overmuch.
gentleman who
put on his entire wardrobe, consistingof three suits and an
overcoat, and yet felt cold,neither succeeded in making himself
in bracing himself up to a better state
comfortable
more
nor
clothe
lor enduring cold.
So with our
fruit trees ; we
may
them
and weakening
our
to the extent of frustrating
own
object,

AND

COTTAGE

by renderingtheir
occasions

GARDENEE.
trees

more

of cold when
susceptible

20

extreme

arise.

is all in favour of the thinnest possible

My own
experience
to be put on
protection,
only when it is no longer safe to postpone
doing so, and to be kept permanently fixed as long as
In
circumstances
case
protectionis thought necessary.
my own
leave me
choice between
old herring-nets and
no
nothing.
During the past three years they have been used only in part
for the purpose, there not being sufficient of other fabrics to
all subjectsdeemed
cover
worthy of, or in need of,protection,
but during the present year nothing has been used except old
We
them
twofold ; and scanty protection
use
herring-nets.
though they may appear to be, we have proved them quite
capable of carryingsafelythrough as good crops as there are
going this year of Apricots,Peaches, and the better kinds of
not
Plums, "o. Yet we were
exempt from the exceptionally
weather that prevailedfrom March
tillthe beginning of
severe
the second
week
had 17" of
of June; on the 15th March
we
frost ; on the 7th,8th, and 9th April we experienced6",9",and
their powers of endurance.
Much
the 16th of
ingenuityhas been displayed in devising fabrics for 12" of frost each night respectively
; and again on
the purpose
of these fabrics
Some
of protectingfruit trees.
May we had 10" of frost. On these very severe mornings, and
are
well, others ill,adapted for the purpose ; yet each has its others less severe, but still frosty,which preceded and followed
advocates.
Some prefer a dense or heavy covering, such as
them, we, in addition to our preventive measures, employed
or
also restorative means
from the
in the shape of cold water
canvas
frigidomo, along with the attendant labour and
trouble of dailyremoving in the morning and putting it on at
garden engine ; the trees were kept drenched from peep of day
had warmed
the atmosphere. I believe this did
night. Others think the lighterkinds of protectingmaterials, till the sun
such as Haythorn's hexagon netting and the thinner kinds of
much
good ; I am
persuaded,at least,that it did no harm.
fruit. Our thinningsof Apricotswould have furnished the trees twice
the most effective protectorsfor either blossom
or
tiffany,
will not
Peaches
bear thinning, but
Perhapsno kind of material in use for the purpose meets all over with fair crops.
the requirements. Haythorn's netting,the least dense and
there is a respectablesprinklingon
trees.
Plums
most
are
most elegantof all,
is, I believe, too thick,too obstructive of fair crops, and Cherries also are fair ; Apples and Pears,neither
should
The objectof protection
of them protected,
light,and too bad a conductor.
are exceedinglythin crops.
not be to increase artificially
the temperaturearound
This subjectof the protectionof fruit in spring is interesitng
our
trees,
but to prevent excessive loss of heat by means
of radiation or
I have no
to many,
as well as important,and
doubt, it would
is
in
winds.
than
use
A
much
be acceptableto see it fairlydiscussed
from various points of
blasting
slightercovering
any
sufficient to effect this. It is no
uncommon
thing to find a view." W. SuTHEKLAND, Minto Gardens." {The Gardener.)
tender Peach or Apricot under an overhanging leaf quite safe,
stroyed.
dewhile those exposed directly
are
to the action of radiation
The thin leaf,with its tissues charged with moisture,
SOME
PREDATORY
INSECTS
OF
OUR
is a prettygood conductor,yet it is quite sufficient protection
GARDENS."
No. 12.
iot the fruit it shelters,
fact
and the
is suggestive.
this time of the year the sombre-lookingGoat Moth
About
Some applytheir protectionlong before their trees are in
of
The
use
(Cossusliguiperda),
may be detected in the day extending itself
any danger,and believe they are retardingthem.
the tree trunks.
At night it flies about rather languidly,
on
this it issdifficult
to see ; for supposing that it is possiblewith
bruary the females
depositingtheir eggs in the crevices of the bark.
safetyto retard trees that are stirred into activity,
say in FeThe
human
unscientific
individual who has been accustomed
perature
temor
earlyMarch, by the slightincrease of the mean
destructive
moth " with a tiny creature
to associate the word
of day and night that takes place so earlyin the year,
is the applicationot protection,as soon
puzzled when informed
as they are
suspected to cloth or to seeds, is considerably
moth.
In some
to be on the move,
complish that this large-wingedinsect is also a
the proper means
to adopt in order to accounties,
"
find that the name,
we
this object? I am
neverthtless,
Moth-owlet," is applied
not satisfied that it is so, for
to this,and to other dull-coloured
species,such as the Old
havinghad some experienceof most of the materials commonly
Moth
is the Goat
near
as
Lady, indiscriminately.Common
used, I have observed that they all tend to increase the mean
the metropolis,and in various localities,
there are some
the actual temperature of the
parts
temperature of the day by raising
night,while theyhave much less influence in depressing that of England where it does not occur at all. Doubtless,on the
of compensation, other speciesmake
of the day than is generallysupposed. The weather
itself is principle
up there for its
perhapsthe most effectual retardingagent we could wish in absence,and help to bring to the ground many a goodly tree.
interna! feeder in the
For the caterpillar
of the Goat is an
spring,north of the Tweed at least.
But grantingthat the applicationof the most approved proof the Ulmacea;, though particularly
frequentin
tectingwood of many
From
that in the same
trees
the circumstance
fabiis acted so as to retard the activityof the trees, the Willow.
also woodwhat, it may be asked, is the good gained by the practice? are generallyto be found hosts of small beetles,
borers
in their larval condition,a fierce controversy was
Not much, that is le.'y apparent. Could
retard them for a
we
should not then be able to promonth, which is impossible,
they worked simultaneously,or whether
we
nounce waged as to whether
the moth, and the beetle merely
them past danger ; for there are not any grounds for the first transgressorwas
came-in
of
fruit
such
at
the
kinds
tender
finish,though the latter are certainlyto be
as
assuring ourselves that the more
In my
the Peach and Apricot are safe tillthe middle or end of May.
found
sometimes
at trees uninfected
by the Goat.
It is from March tillthe middle of May that danger to our fruit
the beetles in question,
opinion,which I give with hesitation,
and
crops is most to be apprehended from frost ; and it is pretty which are of the Weevil family,and ot the genus Scolytus,
other and largerwoodor
clear,I think,that it is impracticableto retard the action of thg allied genera, follow the caterpillars,
The
trees to any considerable extent, so as to tide them
peculiar
the
over
eaters,and do not attack trees healthyand sound.
critical period in greater safety. Any covering,be it lightor
oiour ot the Goat caterpillar
givesone a clue to its presence, and
it
is so persistentthat several washings are needful to remove
heavy, it it is composed of non-conducting material,will have
have been taken hold of.
should the creature
the effectofsurroundingthe subjectprotectedby it with a more
from the hands
equable atmosphere, less liable to fluctuations of temperature A storyhas been passed from author to author,which is to the
a
than the outer air. Every cultivator knows
in their age of epicurism devoured
effect that the Bomans
that such a condition
this odoriferous
is the moat
favourable
for steady progress in vegetable fieshygrub they called Cossus, and which was
the
halt
first
be
The
and
condition
and
true,
to
such
are
that
accustomed
a
repulsivecaterpillar.
plants
may
activity,
It is not at all easy to find
much
more
susceptibleto injuryfrom any sudden decrease of second is exceedinglydoubtful.
of the speciesbefore us, and yet it is in
the young caterpillar
temperature than those that are subjectto greatervariations.
it
it were
would wish to operate upon
the earlystage that one
Those, therefore,that practisethat system which is named
extend the period of danger by hastening possible. My own
suppositionis grounded on what I have
retarding,practically
of the Leopard Moth, another wood-feeder,
its commencement, for there is no possibility
of correspondingly observed in the case
itlivesbetween the bark and the wood
itat the other end, and theyalso increase the danger that for a time,at least,
shortening
"

"

"

30

JOUKNAL

OF

HOETICULTUEE

AND

before it oonstraots a mine.

The mines, or tnnnels,are extenand cross
each other in various directions,
very slender
while those tenanted
at first,
by the fall-growncaterpillar
will
Biye

almost

admit

finger.We

find

on

examination

that tracks of

COTTAGE

Cossna
are

as
caterpillar,

it reposes

ligniBerda.

to be found in various parts of the tree,and

that the caterpillar
does not, as was
thought,bore towards the
centre as it becomes large. In cutting down
trees the Goat
been

has

discovered in

without

eatingduring the winter,has

habitation speciallyprepared, and

this

been

[ July 13, 1871.

A specieswhich, compared with the preceding,

is but a pigmy
"namely, the Bed-tipped Clearwing(Sesia formicajformit),
is found
in the twigs of the Osiers and
plentifully
ehrnhby

Wood-Leopard

differentsizes

GAEDENEB.

Moth"

Caterpillar.

Moth
Wood-Leopard
of Chrysalis.

"

Skin

Willows, rarely or never

touching trees. This caterpillar,
which is white and fleehy,
proceedsvery much in the manner
The
moth
of the Currant
flies
Clearwing alreadydescribed.
about flowers in the sunthine, or basks on the Willow leaves.
Osier
Another
the
as
Clearwing (bembeciformie),
Sesia,known
feeds similarly,
and is larger,
abundant
to
yet not sufficiently
do much
injury. It is partialto the stumps of Salix caprea,
in which collectors seek for it as an entomological
ing
prize,obtainwhen
nearlyfull-grown. Some think that
it,if possible,
while very jonng
this caterpillar
feeds on the bark of the root.
A long list of moth
might be given,all of which
caterpillars

thought its usual practice. Some

entomologists,
however, report havingdiscovered it then in a partially
active
are
condition. The chrysalis
is placed very ingeniously
in such a
positionthat when

the moth

makes

its exit there

is only

the foliage. Some

frequentersof the Willow, and disfigure
of the hairy caterpillars
of the
years ago I noticed multitudes
Satin Moth
trees in Battersea Park ;
on
some
(Liparis
salicis)
London.
In various places
the species is now
near
scarce
and Lea I have found the brown caterpillars
along the Thames
of the appropriately-namedmoth, the Dismal (Orthosia
upsilon).
seasons
by hundreds, feeding
They sallyforth at night in some
in the spring. Throughout the day they conceal themselves
called the
under
That
loose bark.
very peculiarcaterpillar,

Puss, is also a Willow-feeder,but not to an extent to be at

injurious.Various small moths belonging to the Tortrix
family also help to disfigureconsiderablyboth Willows and
near
Osiers,and one of these,which I have seen in abundance
It binds the leaves together
London, is that of Earis chlorana.
state, livingin the
very ingeniouslywhile in the caterpillar
of full size spins a snug cocoon,
centre of the bundle, and when
flutters about the Willows in the.
of a boat shape. The moth
daytime.
all

We
find in the works of the old herbalists that a cnriouB
called the "Kose
is given of what
was
account
Willow," anS
attributed.
Mr. Bind
which
various virtues were
exhibited
to
Zenzera
JEECnli.
Moth"
Wood-Leopard
at the Entomological Society,in 1865, a number
of these,
which had been taken from lofty
Willow
The grub, for
trees.
thin film of wood
film
between
it and the outer world,which
is easilypushed aside ; the tail of the pupa-case
remaining which they form an abode,produces a fly,Cecidomyia rosaria.
Another
imbedded
to escape.
species,C. marginemtorquens, does considerable harm
serves
as a sort of lever to assist the moth
in some
The
districts,forming red and yellow rolls. Of another
moat eiJectual way
of dealingwith this speciesis by the
these
of
Mr. Miiller givesan interesting
of those sometimes
tracted
atmidges or gall-flies
It is one
(C.salicif)
extirpationof the moth.
account.
This seems
it
to be most partial
to the White
to any sweet
and
trees,
compound spread upon
may
also be caught justafter emergence,
alba)when growing in hedgerows. He observes
by enclosingin gauze bags Willow (Salix
that " it makes
havoc
in the tipsof the
that each
through the summer
trees which
have been attacked.
reckon
We
may
female moth
killed is equivalentto the destruction
of several
leadingshoots. These attacks cause the young terminal leaflets
and
a
to
to
form
small
hundred young caterpillars.
aooount of
wither,
bird-shapednidus,within which
A full and interesting
the larTO),
to the number
of from three to eight,pass their
the
of the Goat caterpillar
has been given by Mr.

economy
Newman.

metamorphosis.

When

the perfectinsects have left the shootsr

JOURNAL

Jaly IS, 1871. ]

OF

HORTIOULTDRE

AND

COTTAGE

31

GARDENER.

rapidlywithers away, turns brown, and at last drops." Some are external feeders,as ia the larva of Cryptorhynchus
in some
placeson the S. babylouiea
duced Lapathi. Very common
By hymenopterons insects of the Cynips family are also proia the pretty Chrysomela, called vulgatiaand other Willows
times
gallsof various forms upon the leaves,ocourringsomesima.
Tbe
in close clusters.
egga are depositedin order by the parent beetles,
cally
and the larvaj feed together in little parties,going methodiOther
beetles,too, besides those already mentioned, are
of a net the bluish green
to leaf. By means
Musk
from
leaf
The
found
large grub of the
infestingthe Willow.
beetles may be swept off the foliageby hundreds in the early
Beetle (Aromiamosohata)bores into the wood, not going very
J. R. S. 0.
off. summer.
a long way
far in. The scent of this speciesis perceptible
this

"

EARLY

CHERRY.

RIVERS

of 1865
house came
to my aid,and in the hot summer
It is now
many
years since the EarlyPurple GuigneCherry orchard
In 1866 they
sown.
its Fellows.
some
stones from very fine ripe fruit were
distributed by the Horticultural Society
was
among
their tops
made
I have had it more
than twenty years, and always noticed with
plantsfrom 1 to 2 feet high. In that summer
Mahaleh
in some
stocks. Ini
and their buds placed
cut off,
interest its earliness and excellence ; but its delicate habit, it
were
In the
fine growth of some
4 to 5 feet.
a
its extensive cultivation.
1867 theymade
beingliable to canker and gum, prevented
chard
of the same
It is but a few years since it occurred to me
to improve autumn
potted; in 1868,in the oryear they were
in
1869
it by raisingseedlings
from it,and then again I found difficulty
house, they formed blossom buds;
EarlyRivers
bore
and
the
tree
bore
its
first
in
for
the
from
1870
1871
in procuring fruit thoroughly
stones
abundantly,,
unripe
ripe,
crop ;
fruit would
as
not vegetate. This is a common
large as those of its parent,a trifle later,
thingwith early and its fruit were
At last the
but very rich and good,and the tree luxuriant and healthy.
but not the seeds.
fruits; the pulpycovering
ripens,

Early Elvers

There

Cherry.

of ten to twelve,two to four on a

inch in
Fruit 9-lOths of an
and
and
somewhat
uneven
diameter,roundish heart-shaped,
"
hammered
the surface,slightly
on
pittedon the apex, and
Skin black.
with a distinct stylepoint; suture not well defined.
[Thisvery excellent Cherry,which we figureto-dayfrom a Stalk IJ inch
long, rather slender,green, with a small,rather
cluster sent us
by Mr. Rivers,has been very appropriately
and
disk.
Flesh
agreeably
deeply-embedded
very tender,sweet,
It possesses merits of a high order,and, we
feel satisfied,
flavoured.
Stone extremely
small,perhapsthe smallest in any
will become one
of our
most popular varieties. The fruit

the same
race
; all have given
fine fruit,
and one
of them
is remarkable
for its earliness.
Early Rivers in 1870 ripenedwith its parent; in 1871 it was
three or four days later. Thos. Rivers.
are

other

trees of
seedling

is producedin
very

short

largeclusters

common

peduncle.

"

"

named.^

Cherry.]

NOTES
The

Ruling

sufferingand

Passion.
destruction

"

During
endured

his
at

AND

stirringrecital of the
Chatillon by the useless
shells putting only six

cross-fire of the insurgents (eg.,2400

liors de combat)and Versaillais,M. Amedes
Latour thus
men
deploresone of his grievances: " What a sufferingfor a lover
I have under
of the garden like I am
! Here
my
eyes my
magnificent Pear tree covered with blossom and devoured by
"

I can
caterpillars.

count

sixteen frightful
olasters of them.

GLEANINGS.
be climbed, and that is an
the tree must
To destroy them
in sight of the forts at Issy and
impossibility
; for being
Vanves, tbe instant the artillerymenperceiveany objectin the
garden or at the windows, they throw a shell. Woe to anyone
rooms."
who
ventures to lighta candle in any of the upper
"

(rimes.)
A

GENTLEiiiN

near

Enstone, Oxfordshire,had

brought to him this week

campestrie)
(Agarious

room
Mushwhich

32

measured
iiesh,

JOUBNAL

2 feet 10 inches

round,

and

OF

was

AND

HOETICtJLTUKE

sound
perfectly

and

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

[ July 18,1871.

of the Carnation
and Picotee, which will speedily
and attention by the development of their
all his care
beauties ; the Tulip, Eanunculus, Auricula, and Polyanthus
and the especialfavourites
have passed away for the season,
will for a time fill the void
Take care that
previouslynamed

development

reward

"WORK

FOR
KITCHEN

THE

WEEK.

GAJBDEN.

AspAEAGUS
beds during the present month
can
hardlyhave
"too much
water from the stable or farmyard tank.
On
manure
dry friab'e soils salt may be applied with advantage, but it
should not be used on strong adhesive ground, as it keeps the
fioilwet in winter and decays the roots.
Finish plantingout
the principalcrops of Broccoli and Winter Greens with as little
as
possible. Proceed with plantingCeleryas ground can
"delay

be spared,using plenty of manure,

and afiord a liberal supply

forgottenthat good kinds of Cdbhage
sown
immediatelyon ground previouslysaturated with water
will produce abundance
of nice young Cabbages throughout the
ensuing winter. Attend to the staking of late Peas, and keep
the ground moist about those in a forward state,
givingthem a
"goodsoaking occasionally.This will be the best preventiveof
mildew.
See to keepingup a supply of Salads,Spinach,"o.

occasionally
eased,or

stem in its growth

the buds, also,if
round.
be carefullybound
perfect flowers are desired,must
Some
florists tie with shreds of matting, others recommend
indiarubber
bands, but hitherto I have found nothing better
When
the shoots are sufiithan thread rubbed with bees' wax.
cieutlylong,layering may be commenced
; this is performed
by catting through the second or third joint,bringing the
the ligaturesare
is apt to become

contracted

and

the
deformed

the lower side, making a "tongue;" the small

out
on
portionof stem beyond the jointis cut back to it,and when
it
pegged down in the soil,which should be fine and friable,
will be
The
will there emit roots.
amateur, after a few trials,
enabled
to perform this operation with facility. Seedling
Polyanthuses should be carefullyshaded from the sun's rays
and watered with a fine rose.
Tbis will prevent the ravages of
the red spider. Eanuuouluses
will be better out of the ground
FHUIT
GAKDEN.
the foliageis withered ; they mut-t be gradually
as
soon
as
Many inquiriescontinue to be made by persons occupying dried ; when this is done too rapidlyit is detrimental to those
email gardens,as to the principles
of disbudding and stopping which
happen to be in a weak state.
trained trees. Trees thus situated,
it may be readilyperceived,
CONSEEVATOKT.
GEEENHOnSE
AND
under
circumstances
are
of
artificial
a
placed
highly
character,
Shading should be used sparingly here except on bright
and
the sure
of confiningthem
to a wall or a
consequences
for during unsettled weather plants requireall the light
days,
trellis will be the productionof a vast amount
of useless spray,
afforded by conservatories,
the roofs of which
are
partially
and a considerable increase of labour,by which the cost of the
shaded
by twiners,and are greatlybenefited by an occasional
Uruit is much
is obtained.
ever,
Howenhanced, even when success
The
plants
gleam of sunshine.
beauty of most softwooded
since many
of our improved Pears for the dessert,
as well
will be considerablyprolonged by the use
of weak
manure
other fruits,cannot
as
be produced in proper
flavour
some
water, which should be given frequently. Indeed, such plants
without an increase of warmth
and light,
the
more
especially
as
Achimenes, Clerodendrons, "c., may be had in full beauty
latter,
they will,no doubt, continue to be grown by individuals
from June
to October
supplied with
through being liberally
who esteem
horticultural productions,
not by their mere
ketable
marnot be given too strong at first.
manure
water, but this must
of flavour,
but chiefly
on
value,irrespective
account of
avoid damp
the
moist
bo
but
as
can
Keep
done,
atmosphere as
the latter quality. Limitation
of the roots,then, I would urge
culation,
cold nights,by leaving suflioient air to cause
a
or
gentleciris the only sure foundation
of a dwarfing system, which is,or
and spare no attention to keep the plants clear of
in all aitlought to be, in varied degrees,the guidingprinciple
and winter floweringwill require
insects.
Stock for autumn
ficial training. If the trees are gross, entirelytake away as
careful attention to bring it sufficiently
forward, for, so far,
shoots as will permit the solar rays to reach the organismany
ing
the season
has been unusuallycold, with comparativelylittle
bud for a future blosEom ; the rest may be left as safety
the double varieties,
sunshine.
Chinese
Primroses,especially
valves to decoy any undue
of sap in a temporary
amount
if at all backward, should be placed in a cold frame and shaded
shoots.
way, taking care, however, to pinch off their terminal
from
the sun, where
larly
they will make rapid progress, particuThe process here recommended
is applicableto nearlyall our
Cinerarias
if the pots stand on
a
slightbottom heat.
late showery weather
has been very
trees. The
fruit-bearing
for earlyfloweringshould also be potted and started at once,
favourable
for the growth of Strawberry runners,
cient
and a suffichoosing the strongestsuckers and placing them in a close
stock for forcingnext season
sTionld be potted at once
and
shady frame till rooted. These are sometimes very subjectto
placed in a close shady frame until they become
established, the attacks of
kept cool
thripsat this season
; but it they are
which will soon
be the case.
Prepare ground for fresh plantations
and moist, and smoked
occasionally,there is no danger of
by heavy manuring and trenching,or, if ground cannot
their not being clean and growing vigorously.
be obtained, at once
select the strongestrunners
and plant
COLD
PITS.
them
on
a
shady border in rich soil,to be transplantedwith
and
should be frequently
The
stock here will be growing freely,
Jballsof earth next month.
examined
individuallyto see that all is going right;
GARDEN.
FLOWEK
suffer
through
for plants when
growing rapidlyvery speedily
Go over
the beds frequently,
and keep the young shoots of
amine
Exany neglectin watering,or from the attacks of insects.
until the
"Verbenas,"o., neatly regulated and pegged down
in
the
which
were
potted
early
specimens
season,
young
ground be fairlycovered,after which the shoots may be allowed
so
as
such as requiremore
to have
and shift at once
pot room,
to grow more
at liberty. On poor, dry soils two or three applicationsthe pots moderately well filled with roots before winter,in
of weak manure
water, given at intervals of a few days, which state
more
they are much
easilycarried over the winter
and when
the ground is moist,will greatlyassist in gettingthe
should
either over or under-potted. Lesohenaultias
than when
foeds covered
without
loss of time.
and
See that Dahlias
if at
be carefully
examined for green fly,and smoked at once
staked
and
tied
as
Hollyhocks are securely
kept properly
they all infested,and the flowers should be regularlypicked off
advance
in growth. Eemove
dead flowers and seed from Eoses,
Chorozemas, Bossiajas,
young plantsof these as they appear.
and
give the autumn-flowering varieties plenty of manure
for red spider,and should
"o., must also be frequentlyexamined
in vigorous health,and secure
water, in order to keep them
be laid on their sides on a clean mat and thoroughly washed
Those
budded
on
plenty of wood for blooming in autumn.
be necessary
with the syringe,repeatingthis as often as may
the Dog Eose
be
when
clear
of
must
suckers,which,
kept
to thoroughlyeradicate the insect. Young specimens of valuable
the head, besides having an unsightly
allowed to grow, weaken
hardwooded
plants should be carefullytrained,keeping the
Budding should be proceeded with during cloudy shoots neatlytied-out or pegged down, in order to secure
appearance.
close
weather.
Give plantsinfested with green flya liberal watering
which
the future
success
very
compact foundations, upon
with the engine, or syringethem
with tobacco water.
Mildew
largelydepends. "W. Keane.
is sometimes
this
and
time

of water.

Let

it not

be

knife

"

very troublesome

after

season,

no

should be lost in dusting the infested plant with

the
the

sulphur,for
and ruin
foliage,

will soon
spread and destroythe
enemy
WEEK.
OF
THE
LAST
DOINGS
Proceed with the propagaplant for blooming in autumn.
tion
A VERY
of herbaceous plants as expeditiously
in order
as possible,
tryingweek for those who had hay cut and almost
showers.
to have the work out of hand
and the glasses,
"c., at liberty. made, and yet not in, owing to the frequentand heavy
Take
advantageof showery weather to give the walks and The 7 lb was one of the best dryingdays of the season, but the
and frequent showers.
lawns
a
and endeavour
brought a fallingbarometer
to keep the grass s'nort 8th has
good rolling,
and
for nothing looks worse
than
neatly mown,
badly-kept Never did Turnips look better, and where thinned earlythey
The
amateur's
interest is kept up by the progressive are not likelyto suffer from mildew as those nnlhinned and
grass.

JOURNAL

34

OF

HORTICULTURE

AND

of a Cauliflower,
Jast so in the case
even
thougli in this ease
it is the massive
incipient flower we eat. If we wished a
Cauliflower
plant to produce its button of a base,and bloom
would treat it on the solid hard
and seed as soon
we
as possible,
in securing
principle,
jastas some do who never find any difficulty
a saucepan
or
pot largeenough to get a head of Cauliflower
into it not that we are lovers of huge heads, we like them the

COTTAGE

t July 13, 1871.

GARDENER.

its

ance
stumpy well-ripenedwood without receivingassistthough mostly covered by a pitched
roots, even
pebble or a hard gravelwalk ; but if the wood should begin to
show
it will be strengthened by loosening
signs of weakness
the surface in places,and supplying the soil with manureof the mystery would
be removed
if the
waterings. Much
clearlynoted and understood,that where free
simple fact were
the
chief
t
hen
much
and
size of two folded fists,though fine, white, compact
heads, earlyblooming
fruitingare
objects,
inches in diameter,are not
the surface,
and in a compact
will depend on having roots near
aniform
all over, from 12 and more
much
struck with the difierenoe
firm soil. Years ago we
were
to be despisedwhere there are children round the
by any means
think nothing in the appearance
of fruit trees plantedwidely apart in lines in
board.
Eat to get heads of such a size we must
Part of the orchard,after a few years, had been
a largeorchard.
of button heads, and earlyblooming and seeding,farther than
We
must
to avoid them.
yearlycropped between the
malching, laid down in grass, and part was
try by surface-stirring,
manure-watering, "c., to bring the plant to a good size before trees with Potatoes, Turnips, Cabbageworts, "a. In the latter
but they
is formed, and then we may
the base of the bloom-head
freelyand luxuriantly,
expect part the trees grew far more
the grass pashead to come
from a strongwell-developed did not fruit in proportion to those that had
a largesymmetrical
turage
think
we
We
did
roots.
not
the
see
over
then, as we
plant.
the
fraitfulness
to
was
the
a
that
owing
see
mainly
Several times when we have been anxious to secure
even
greeter
now,
the solid
have acted on
lessened luxuriance,and that again was
few early Peas and garden Beans, we
chieflyowing to the
starvingsystem. When we wished to have large greater compactness of the soil from not being stirred up
comparatively
at all.
gatherings though later,we stirred the soil,"c., to encourage
growth before the blooms and buds appeared. We have rows
Something would be gainedwere it clearlyunderstood that
free rootingin open soil,
"of Peas justnow
though tendingto luxuriance of growth,
qaitestrongenough not to need any encouragement
does not equallytend to earlyand abundant
to growth, as less of vigour in the growth would render
blooming and fruitthem
less liable to the attacks of mildew, which would be very
bearing. As a case in point,it is time to prepare Strawberry
the
mode
is
of
less consequence,
coming
befor
The
runners
roots were
adopted
forcing.
apt to appear if the earth underneath
showers.
The
so
only and free rooting may be encouraged at first in loose soil,but
many
dry whilst there were
the soil can
hardly be too
signs of mildew we see at presentamong all our thick plantings, daring the bright days of autumn
tility
the greatestamount
of fermuch
so
as
of late Peas, a few inches in height. The
to secure
consolidited,
"c., is on a row
ance
the
soil
of
next spring. The compactness
by the resistground was well prepared,and we should think there was no
of
countless
numbers
of
the
affected.
the
divide
into
numter
leaflets
forces
ace
but
roots
to
a
given
stagnantmoisture,
of largerrootlets
little lime and soot ; a little small healthy fibres instead of a less number
them
We
a
have strewed over
Bath sulphur and lime,when
and larger-mouthedspongelets.
Bulphur might have been added.
rule holds good.
In the ornamental
the latter is at all fresh,are
to all kinds of
department the same
great enemies
To make
t"ildew.
plants grow freelythey need not be potted
young
In
should be the case.
As Peas have been abundant, we have let our Asparagus all firmly. For free blooming the reverse
this is
and Rhododendrons,
it having yieldedwonderfullythis season,
all hair-rooted plants,as Heaths
grow for a fortnight,
We
all the more
scarce.
as
spring vegetibleswere
highly necessary ; but, as stated the other week, when such
desirable,
could still,
if we wished,gather sprouts of the Asparagus Kale, plantsin pots are set out of doors the pots should be protected
as
but
and the little shoots are
Cabbages, from extreme heat and cold. Where floweringshrubs and trees
exceedinglysweet,
there is littleuse
and Peas have been plentiful,
are
established,the less they are dug about the better. A
"Cauliflowers,
and even
We
jor them now.
mulching, are different affairs
slightsurface-stirring
latelyalluded to the summer
management
of Asparagus and Sea-kale.
principleis of importance in the case
altogether. The same
It
is wise,by elevated planting
of shrubs, "c., at all tender.
OBNAMENTAL
DEPAKTMENTS.
AND
FBUIT
on
one
Were it not like harping at one time too much
string and compact soil,to be satisfied with less luxuriance of growth,
portance
the ripeningof the wood.
so as to secure
we
might have gone to any length for illustrations of the imand
Besides
routine as adverted to lately,
pressed,
of keeping the soil open, and keeping the soil comgettingon with
free
fresh arrangements, we
pricked-offand pottedPrimulas, Poinjust in proportionas the object aimed at was
the
fruit
in
tree planted
Eranthemums, "c., keeping the
Euphorbias, Justicias,
eettias.
growth or free fruiting. A young
of bloom in
as
free growth latter in rather small pots for securing abundance
ground need not be planted very firmlyat first,
window
When
rule holds good in the case of a fruiting little space.
is wanted.
our
gardenerskeep their plantsin
The same
abundance
of
wish to secure
plantsand smallish pots for
we
plant in a pot, but when
pots we advise them to have more
bloom.
We shall
of continuous
securingthe greatestamount
flower-buds,we cannot make the pottingtoo firm. As
iiealthy
of
fruit trees in pots their last potlot
it is not too late to give young
"o., left over from bedding.
Geraniums,
ting presentlypot a
if deemed
glass to give us neat floweringplants
neoessery, the soil round the ball can scarcely Part we shall put under
shall place out of doors and nip off
To prevent cracking on the surface,and
for the autumn, part we
foe made
too firm.
K. F.
all flowers,so as to bloom them in winter.
allow the free passage of water, the surface may be left loose to
With
such
a
inch
or
so.
the depth of half an
prioked-over
the soil in Peach houses where
these objects,
flurfaoeto secure
CORRESPONDENTS.
TO
The
the trees are established can hardly be too consolidated.
*
*
labour
than
to any of the
We
digging or forking them over deeply is worse
request that no one wiU write privately
,
The
thrown
Journal of Horticulture,Cottage
same
principleappliesto all dwarf fruit
correspondentsof the
away.
them
fruitful
in
little
the
doors.
To
Gentleman."
of
and
trees out
keep
Gardener,
By doing so they
Country
space,
All
trouble and
are
expense.
ground about them must be firm ; but it may often be neoessubjectedto unjustifiable
to
communications
should therefore be addressed solelij
eary to prick over the surface soil with the points of a fork,and
The Editors of the Journal of Horticulture,
to mulch, to allow water to enter, for if the soil is much
etc.,171, Fleet
even
self
defence
will
downwards
after
the
in
drier above,
roots
go
Street,London, E.G.
will not mix up on the same
We also requestthat correspondents
moisture,and the deeper they go the less likelihood will there
sheet questions
This, too,
ba for wood and buds being thoroughly matured.
relatingto Gardening and those on Poultry
answered
if they expect to get them
of our
to be a mystery to many
and Bee subjects,
explains what has seemed
on
but write them
separate
readers,how a Peach, an Apricot, or a Pear will often fruit
promptlyand conveniently,
than two or
with a hard or pitched
Also never
to send more
much
better againstthe wall of a cottage,
communications.
at once.
three questions
path over the roots, thaa on the wall of a gentleman's garden,
but
with a rich border in front of it. It is not the position,
N.B.
Many questionsmust remain unanswered until next
of the border that do the
it is the diggingand constant cropping
week.
to
mischief.
too
Either the roots are encouraged
freely, GnAPES Diseased
deners
grow
(Btfr(ram)."They are severely ulcerated,or, as garthe disease, spotted." The roots being ontside the honse
term
or
forced,to escape the digging,to go deeper down, and in
sufaoienoy 0( sap to
ihe disease.
causes
They do not supply
either case
the wood
produced is apt to be spongy and less probably
the
border, and watering
Mulching over
maintain
growth.

ducing

"

at

the

"

"

"

"

in the case of a tree forced to make

shorter and
able to
Btnmpier wood, and therefore better ripened,and more
withstand the severest frosts. The tree against the cottage

matured

than

wall,when

fullyestablished,
may

go

on

bearing for

years, pro-

healthy
with tepid weak
liquid manure
Roses
(Patclin). The two
"

Rose

Pbincess

spring. Last

year

Christian
was

too

might check
are

the disease.

different.

garden in the
(O. C.)."It died in my
trying for infants. I thought it a promising

OF

JOURNAL

July 13, 1871. ]

COTTAGE

AND

HORTICULTURE

35

GARDENER.

eruptions on the lower Bide of tho

Leaf
Warted
(Iiiqidrer)."Tbe
Vine
not quite full,nor can we expect Roses to be fuU on such
was
when
their appearance
Vine
leaf are a sort of warts, which are apt to make
on
not full enough
which are
stocks. I have observed tbat Roses
procal
when
there is a want of tree recior
and
close
moist,
is
the
atmosphere
which
that
Roses
full on
weak stocks often become
strouf;stocks, and
the
plant
Youv
repotting
roots
and
leaves.
the
action between
stulT/and hesitating
to be the vorv
thing on wenk stocks,bBcome
appear
Vines
in
half a dozen
pots
know
We
once
bo the cause.
might
Perfection
lately
Edward
Mnrren,
Marie
on
Rady,
bloomers
strons stocks. Buy
after pottiug and
being otherwise
be^in
to show
this warty appearance
is a beautiful
Rothschild
Baroaeaa
Ohirnrd.
de Lyon, and
Madame
the
found
plants being turned out it was
is extra
bcautitu', well attended to ; but on some
In the delicate line, Marquiso de Mortomart
Rose.
tho moisture escaped through
plants had been potted with the ball dry, and
but not a strong grower." W. F. Kadclyffe.
with yoa
not
the
this
case
is
If
roots.
the
soaking
soil without
the new
that there is any difference
not aware
BuDDlNQ
Roses (Amateur)."! am
air,and keep the atmosphere less moist.
give more
be
Roses may
in Jaly and
budded
August.
in the growth of Ruses
little
Cabbage
Early
(Cabbaao Swfl).- Little Pi-tie is a nice early
In
stock any time between
May and September.
budded
the Manetti
on
For thrift,
however, where you do not mind the heads being
Cabbage.
and
slice.
stock
fact, success
depends greatly on the sappiness of thn
thinli
we
in
little
nothing
return
room,
a
obtain
groat
small, provided vou
Briar
Roses
in the year for budding.
July is probably the best month
16 inches apart
This kind will do well in rows
beats Veitch's Matchless.
as
the bark of the stocks will run, until the end
as
soon
may be budded
of our Cabbages
As we
lost so many
10 or 12 inches in the row.
and some
is strong,put a leaf over
of August.
After budding the stocks,it the sun
and
out
planted
pricked
in
March,
sowed this under glass
we
last winter
the bud.
II the weather be dry, water the stocks well before budding."
little Cabbages,
cut flnehe.rted
we
out, and towards the end of June
W. F. Radclyffe.
when
up
really
the
heart.
at
Larger,
blanching
and just showing
green,
time, we have cut
Pansies
(Mrs. B.)." It our correspondentwill furnish us with some
to the mark
regular fiUbasket kinds, raised at the same
to
will endeavour
first brought out
was
details as to how she loses her Pansies and when, we
few from at the beginning of July. This Matchless
whicb they sometimes
We
think
from
fail, by Mr. Atkins when he was
various causes
at Northampton.
assist her. There
are
a
nurseryman
definite, our advice might be utterly
compact
are
more
and unless we have something more
Veitch have improved upon it. The heads
the Messrs.
"
Florists'
and
there
Flowers,"
little
in
useless.
Are they cultivated as directed in our
themselves
room,
therefore
and
perfect
and upright,
there is nothing to eat
which can ba had free by post from our otfice for five postage stamps ?
leaves where
waste of large parasol-like
is no
heads
"
"
Plans
will suit
winters this little hardy kind yields nice
Flower-Gardcn
In favourable
Plans (X Y. Z.)."Oar
them.
Bedding-out
early in spring.
exactly. You can have it free by post if you enclose 5s. id. with
you
and
address.
your
Cottage
(B.)."You will find good examples of lodges
Gardener's
"
Very
Encyclopai iia of Architecture.
cause
Melons
Setting
not
(A Young Gardener). It is a very common
gardeners' cottages in Loudon's
the gardener a
as
in
been
o ir
have
pages,
root
occasioned
of
given
from
action,
often
arises
and
imperfect
plans
cottages
"offailure,
chiefiy
good
at
at Lough Crew, Ireland, and that of Mr. Robson
house at Trentham,
by a deficiencyof bottom heat. Let that be kept at 70^ to 75", and when
should, to be comfortable, have at least
A gardener's house
Linton Park.
'the fruit is settingmaintain a rather dry atmosphere, but have the soil in
and kitchen
a
and
bedrooms
parlour,sitting-room,
or
the
above,
in
houses
same
rooms-three
six
water plants
we
pitsjust
a moist condition ; indeed
sirable
deIt is often
"c
in flower we
do not water
below, with an outbuilding for scullery,wash-house,
whether they are in or out of flower,only when
one
on
floor,and in that case it
to keep lodges low" all the rooms
-overhead. The main
points are to keep the flowers dry when open, to give
ventilation
of
given.
be
with
plenty
should
dry,
after the
is desirable that the walls
abundance
of air,to impregnate the flowers on a fine day, and
in
desirable
to use
soft porous bricks, however
a moist
It is very undesirable
atmosphere. You do not say
"M)rol]as close to syringe ormaintain
to consult
in such cases
it very firm.
We tread
colour, for such a building. It is often advisable
your soilis good strong loam, and that you make
in the neighbourhood.
a good tradesman
"ours
hard, and we have short-jointed wood, the plants not growing so
should consider
Your treatment
we
ireely nor going so much to wood.
100 Feet
(G. W. S.).-Cut into sizes ot 20 inches
Glass
in
Panes
of
by multiplying 20 by 14
good.
think could easily be found
we
bv 14, the number
of square
Buds
Rose
Opening
not
Lefebvre
(A Friend). We think
Charles
the divisor of the number
the
and
product
making
tigether,
last
winter.
You
the
removal
can
ot panes fltty-oneand
only inches in 100 square feet. We make the number
the cause
is the cold spring and
and water copiously both overhead and at root
onulch with short manure,
Fifty-one panes would be near enough.
of a pane.
three-sevenths
in dry weather.
but
{C. Z-)." They are not wireworms
Strawberries
in
WiREWOSMS
Strawberries
Zonal
Pelargonicms
(Idem). snake millipedes,Julus pulchellus.In beds ot long-bearing
Salmon-flowering
and
Select Scarlet
and
SaZmo7i."
off
and
Phoebus.
burning
Sunnyside,
Scarlet
Coleshill,Thunderbolt,
We
know of no remedy but paring
they often abound.
would
to Geraniums
Lime water applied frequently
"Renown, and Herald.
the top spitof the soil.
It is of no value as a liquid manure.
in the
injure them.
completely smashed
IW. H. Jf.)."Your Rose insect was
Insects
Roses
sured
and
Strawberries
). I have not meaprobably Cladius
(
Mr. Radcltffe's
post. It was evidently the larva of one of the Saw-flies,
in
Cockscomb
is
not
W.
nor
weighed any Strawberries this season.
the leaves with fine lime powder." I. O.
difformis. Powder
of it ; and
crop this year at ail,I have just planted out (July 6tb) runners
Fungus
(U. C, Salterbridge)."The fungus is Scleroderma
of
Name
Uliza, Dr. Hogg, and Mr. Radclyffa have been extra fine. They are firstedible.
not
certainly
vulgare,
La
class fruits. The finest crop of all" all being good" is on Wonderful.
C.).
Plants
(Georjc) Corydalis lutea.Yellow Fumitory. (A.
and a good conservatory Rose ; it is very hardy,
of
Names
France is a strong grower
Yellow Day Lily. (B. H. W'.l.-Elaeagnus angustiI
flava.
bloom
is
-Hemerocallis
a
grand.
greatlyprefer
4)Ut soils in bad weather.
Occasionally
see
and
we
Baroness
Rothschild, Marguerite de St. Amand, Marquise de Mortemart,
folia,the Oleaster. It is, so far as we know, quite innocuous,
has
no
aanity
but has limp
is a free grower,
Alfred Colomb
Emile Bovau.
reason
why vou should not plant it as proposed. It
and Madame
no
panula
Fraxmella
; 2, Cam(A.F. E.).-l, Dictamnus
is also one
of the
Marie Baumann
wood.
It is one of the finest Roses.
whatever with Cotoneaster.
is a shy grower.
I have
alba. {Thos. Pearson)." I, Polystichum angulare, var.
persicifolia
"vory finest-shaped Roses, quite perfect, but it
Kraussiana
(b. hor4.
3
and
Selaginella
tiful,
beauAdiantum
hispidulum
Fillion
it
is
distinct,
;
a good grower,
tillnow
lineare ; 2,
never
proved Madame
;
Linaria Cymbalaria;
W. F. Radclyffe.
and a free bloomer.
tensis); 5, Microlepia novie-zelandiie. (Tniro).-Z,

Rose, it
weak

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

leaves are not, as

sound, and the powder
plant, probably some
"overhanging flower. The leaves have the edges destroyed owing to the
whilst wet, or from syringing the edges are
ffun's rays fallingon them
kept constantly wet.
The Tulip bulbs will not
Split Skins (H. "J.M.).
Bulbs
with
Tulip
Allow
the skins to remain, and place the bulbs on shelves
tie any worse.
in a cool dry place. The salt sprinkled over the Cabbages so as to destroy
fthe young heart leaves will,we should say, have destroyed them, and we
The haulm
of the Potatoes blackened
by
do not think they will recover.
will not, we fear,be reproduced in time for the formation
"the same
cause
the tubers
will not swell.
Without haulms
oi a good crop of tubers.
U. pendula, and is a
(T. C). It is the same
as
Culture
Urceolina
"bBautiful,
half-hardy,bulbous plant, bearing an umbel of drooping yellow
^wers
tipped with green. It requires to be kept dry in winter and in a
I have had Lilium giganteum in the
cold pit. Our correspondent says,
This
open border three years, the last two winters without protection.
Vallota
and is now
beautifullyin bloom.
spring it sent up a flower-stalk,
after year in the open air, with no other
flowers with me
year
pnrpurea
it than being planted rather deeply just outside the 9-inch
favour shown
Geranium

Leaves

Red

(W.

E.

W.). The
"

Geranium

infested with a red fungus ; they are

"you suppose,
is the pollen (orange-coloured) of some
them
on

6, Astrantia major,
ense.
ouBD

scent
name

(tt.

but the
candidum,
is A. tenerum.
(Lilium)."Perhaps Lilium
It
jLo.o-o.
.="=.,.....
could tell the
No one
is quite strong enough f-,r L. auratum.
preciselyfrom such a specimen.

"

BEE,

POULTRY,
VALUABLE

wall of

cool house."

PIGEONS

PIGEON
STOLEN

CHRONICLE.
FROM

EXHIBITIONS.

"

"

AND

all true and honest potiltry

on
become
imperative
if possible,
to aid the authorities in exposing,and,
viduals,
and dishonest indithose mean
placingin the hands of justice
in the
would
personally
be they who
they may, who
steal, or who afterwards would
either literally
first instance
receive when stolen, a Pigeon of greatoriginalcost,
It has

now

amatenrs

knowingly

Camellias
are
Buds
Set ((?.H. H.)." Keep them in a
after
their
cool airy house, and water them as required so as to keep the soil moist.
A house with an east aspect is best from the present time up to October ;
We
but if you have not that, afibrd a slight shade from bright sun.
are
for the Currant bushes dropping the fruit before ripen"iinable to account
ing,
there is no
but should attribute it to attacks of aphis, for which
than syringing with 1 oz. of soft soap to the gallon of water.
better remedy
The seeds for sowing in the greenhouse to bloom next winter and spring
are
Primulas, Cinerarias,Calceolarias (herbaceous), and Mignonette.

Yellow
Vine Leaves
(E. R. P.). The yellow leaves on the Buckland
Sweetwater, in a cool house where no artificialheat is given,we attribute
in the footstalk of the leaf, which
chiefly to a stoppage of circulation
shade.
check or too much
We
might partly be the result of a sudden
leaves on a Vine thus afi'ected,
and, as we
a few
have frequently seen
judged,from similar causes ; but when the leaves are generally healthy
uneasiness
than flnding a few yellow leaves drop
this may give no more
"

tree out of doors in June.

There
are
marks
the
on
from a deciduous
leaves that show signs of blotching before they became
yellow ; and as
at the top of the house, we
leaves
are
found
would
these
yellow
say
you
at page 12,
exercise greater particularityin early air-giving. See notes
Ko means,
however, will make these yellow leaves gresn again.

cases at least,the defrauded

if anxious to do so, by an outlay
to the absolute t^eft o!
liberal. I allude,of course,
however
shows as brought by Mr.
choice and valuable Pigeons at public
Such
Waitt before your readers in last week's Journal.
F
the increase, although
to be sadly on
practicesappear now
committees are at the present hour making use
most poultry
vention.
that would augur well for future preof vigilance
of an amount
who express their decided belief
There are amateurs
no
especial
having
carried
on
by
persons
that these thefts are
"
who steal for stealing's
sake,"
as amateurs, but
predilection
"
kleptomania." I
from simplya spiritof
or, as they styleit,
well-known
confess my likingis to call such practicesby their
be
can
Tbeft is theft. I believe every person

and

one

owner

that

perchance,in

some

could not replace,even

appellations.

the selection
if he is inclined to be so, and I also regard
there la at
of the best birds as a cogent and decisive proof

honest

JOURNAL

36

OF

HOKTICULTURE

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

[ July 13, 1871.

Bingley. 2, E. Horner,
he,W. Ltmd, Shipley; W. Lishman.
Let this practice
in their madness."
arise, "1, 3. Hawley.
Gjriington, Bradford.
it may, I feel deeply that the best
causes
Owls"
1.W. Huehes.
i;/)i7('"'t."
2, J. Shackleton. Halifax,
he, 3. Thresh ;
forefV^K."l and 2,J. Fielding,jun. ?ic,H.Yardley ;
bitions, E.Lee, Eircbenly,Colne.
exhifeel pleasure in our
and all who
interests of exhibitors,
T. Waddington.
enlisted not only in its prevention,but equallyin
are
Trompeters."
1 and 2, E. Homer,
he, R. Wade, Halifax.
FANT.iLLS."
1,T Waddington.
2, H. Beldon.
he, H. Yardley: E. Homer.
otherwiee few
or
of the guiltyparties,
the thorough exposure
Jacobins.1.F. Waitt, King's Heath, Birmingham.
2, T. Waddington.
he,T.
of
the
hazards
to
a
will
valuable
public
entrust
Pigeons
owners
H. Jubb, Halifax : E. Horner.
Waddington
; A

leaBt

**

much

method

whatever

then, from

Dragoons."
1. T. Waddington.
2, E. Homer,
he,T. Waddington ; H. Beldon ;
Whitworth, Ivii-byLees, Halifax.
Antwerps."
1, E. Homer.
2, W. Lund,
he, 3. W. CoUinson, Halifax ; W.
Lund.
Barbs.1, E. Horner.
2, J. Fielding,jun. he, 3. Holdeu ; E. Homer.
TuRBiTS."
1, J Fielding, jan. 2, W. Liahman,
he, H.
Girlington,Bradford,
W. Lund.
graceful.
disYardley; E. Homer;
Any
9THER
Variety.2, H. Beldon.
1, W. Lishman.
he, H. Yardley; T.
Waddington
(2); E. Homer.
Selling
W. Lund.
Class."
1, H. Beldon.
2, E. Wade,
he, E. Homer;
Mr.

show-pen.
Admittedly there is mnch

solid truth in the old adage,that

"
preventionis better than cure," but I know there are many
rather detect the depredatorthan
like myself who would much

W.

simply prevent his repetitionof conduct so unworthy and

I quiteagree with Mr. F. Waitt, that padlocksmight
the pens when judging is completed, and
be placed on
Judges.
Poultryand Pifjeons: Mr. J. "W. Thompaon, Southowram,
Waitt
continues," two or three keys could be made to pass
and Mr. J. Dixon, North Park, Bradford.
So far as this
of lockB,and at a nominal cost."
any number
but
extra
an
key
unquestionably
plan goes it has its merits,
mittee,
might possiblyget into other hands besides those of the comSHOW.
NEWARK
POULTRY
who
for the man
by preconcert would steal a firstExhibition
held on the 6th inst.in a tent
was
This well-regulated
if a lock only stood as
clasa Pigeon, would
not hesitate much
A largeamount
of rain fell in the earlier
erected for the purpose.
himself and the bird coveted.
a bar between
of the day,and this interfered to some
extent with the receipts.
to prevent the conI feel assured watchful eyes can do more
tinuance part
Turner's
used, and the arrangements permittedan easy
pens were
structed
of this practicethan locks however
carefullyconof
the
stock.
several
other
exhibitions took place
Although
inspection
out
enliven others to a sharp look; and in the hope it may
at the same
time, the entries were good,and most of the birds were in
for the offender,
I hereby promise that I will myself give a
nice order.
reward of a guinea to the party who by his evidence is the first
but there was onlyone pen of SpanUhy
DorJcingswere of fair quality,
criminating
has been lately
the person who
to bring to conviction
it was, however, very good. The Cochins were
Buffs
a vei"y goodclass,
is
himself.
In common
this, being firstand third,and Partridgesecond ; and the Brakmas were
justicemy impression
fair
in
the
also
of
but
above
also
in
least
two
those
for
a
t
a
s
some
classes,
that as most
now
afloat,
quality
are
;
conflicting
reports
there were
several empty pens, the birds havingbeen, no
of the accused must be unjustly
suspected. It would be well, IlamhurgJiSy
in
their
transit
show
another.
In
Bed
from
to
one
choose to aid by a subscription, doubt, delayed
if any other amateur
therefore,
"

first and Brown

Reds
Game Black Reds were
second,but in several
plicated,
than one
is imand thus if more
at once,
person
in colour of eye, several Brown
Red
other pens the birds were
wrong
let us try to promote a splitand exposure, that will
cocks having red eyes, and Black Red hens dark eyes.
There were
Edwakd
the guiltyones.
hailed with delightby all save
two good pens of Duckwings in the Varietyclass,but the rest were

to do

be

so

"

Hewitt, Sparkbrook.

Goldens
all the prizesin the SpangledHamhiirgh
won
very poor.
firstand
class,but in the Pencilled class a nice pen of Silvers was
that some
steps should be Goldens second.
In French Foiols Creve-Coeurs were
first and
agree with Mr. F. Waitt
Sultans of
taken by exhibitors to protecttheir birds when at exhibitions, Houdans second and third,and in the Any other variety
first and Buff Polands
will be to call rare excellence were
second,but the third was
desirable course
the most
and it appears to me
The Red Game
not good as a class,
Bantams
withheld.
were
although
the
birds'
be
for
shows
of
to
the
responsible
upon
managers
of great merit ; but the Piles in the next class
of the birds were
safetywhilst in their custody. It is all very well for the law to some
Black or White
the
of that section. In Bantams
the gema
were
be that negligencemust be proved before exhibitors can recover,
birds were
all of the former colour,and the class much better than
the birds
but it appears to me that such is alreadydone when
late
in
the Yarietyclass a very good pen of
of
have seen
we
; and
are
stolen,as if suf"cient and honest attendants were employed
Chinese Booted
was
Silver Sebrights
first,
second,and Japanesethii'd.
to watch the birds could not be removed without detection.
classes were
The Selling
well filled,
and several lots changedhands.
I think I may
the Pigeonswere
In point of quality
safelyassert that in the majority of cases
and
superiorto the poultry,
well supported. In Carriers
few they were
poultry exhibitions are carried out for the purposes of profit, though the classes were
do is to recoup exhibitors
all Blacks,the two first pens beating in form of
the winners were
can
therefore the least the managers
wattle only two capital
of valuable
pairsshown by Mr. Mitchel,of Birmingham,
of theft ; and if owners
for any loss sustained by reason
the
for
Pouters were
close
primary honours. The first-prize
running
those
and
exhibit only at
birds will combine
places
together
the first
and the second and third "Whites ; and in Tumblers
where the management givesan indemnity againsttheft,it will, Reds,
correct pair of Almonds, the second Black Mottles, and the
were
a
in my opinion, lead not only to better protection,but be an
The
Barbs
the first beingDark
third Almonds.
were
good,
winning
to exhibitors that they will receive the value in the
assurance
Jacobins
were
Duns, the second Blacks, and the third Reds.
very
event of their propertybeing unfortunatelystolen. Columba.
Mr. Tomlinson's
and Reds won
firstall the prizes,
goodthroughout,
prize pair being remarkably long and close in hood and chain.
much
better lot of
were
a
Trumpeters were
poor, but the Fantails
POULTRY
Reds second,and Blues third.
HALIFAX
SHOW.
birds,and in Turbits Yellows were first,
the
puzzle,
Many more
prizesmight have been given in that judges'
is a list of the awards made at this Show, which was
The
following
Varietyclass,as almost every pen was worthy. A perfectpair of
held on the 1st inst. :
Yellow Dragoons was
Foreign Owls second,and Ural Ice
first,
placed
2, C. W.
Giis-E."Blacli-hrcasted and oth"r Eeds "1,3. Hoflgson, Bradford.
Pigeons third. In the Sellingclass we observed several cheap and
Brierley. he, J. " Vf. Barker, Bingley. Duckwings."l, J. F. M. Fitton, Holmdoubt
be claimed.
of which would
no
useful pairs of birds, most
Any colour." Cnck." 1, W. Fell, Adwalton.
field,Ovenden.
2, W. Sngden.
; J. Sunderland,
he, T. Denton, Southowram
2, C. W. Brierlev. Midtileton.
Blue Pouters second,and White third.
Almond Tumblers were
first,
Hipporholme. Hen or Pullet" 1, C. W. Brierloy. 2, W. Suffden, Holly Bank,
St. Loc. 2,W- Bearpark, Ainderby
Dorkings."
1,Miss J. Milward, Newton
An.}/other Variety."I, C. W.
ilastrick.
he, W. Fell, c, J. Dyson, Halitax.

I QUITE

"

"

"

"

he, J. Sunderland.
2, K. " H. Walker, Gomersal.
he, H. Beldon, GoitSpanish."
1, C. W. Brierley. 2. J. Powell, Bradford,
Btock, Bingley; J. Thresh, Bradford.
2, T. Braden, Earby, Skipton. he, 3.
Dorkings."
1, W. H. King. Rochdale.
White, Warlahv, Northallerton.
l"and 2, H. Lacy, Hcbden
Cochins.
Bridge, he, H. C. " W. J. Mason,
Drighlington.
he, E. A. Bennett, Marsden
Hall,
BiLiHMAB."
2, H. Beldon.
1, H. Lacy.

Brierley.

"

Burnley.

3, H. Eyre, Ne-^vark.
Spanish."
1, T. 0. " E. Newbitt, Epworth.
1 and 2, H. Lacy, Hebdcn
Bridge. S, J. H. BradwcU, Southwell,
Cochins."
F. Checkley, Moulton.
he, W. A. Burnell, Southwell
; W.
1 and 2, H. Lacy.
Brahmas."
S, Bi".Holmes,Wbitccoats,Chesterfield, he,J,
S. Dew, St. Neots.
GATiS.E."Black-hreastcd and other Beds."l, C. Chaloncr, Stcetly, Whitwell.
he, 3. Tyler, Loughborough ; G.
3, B. Jarvis, Mansfleld.
2, W. Bearpark.
S. Beiphton, Farnsfield.
c, J. H.
,tJpt"n; G. H. Branston, Newark;
Doubleday
Bradwell.
2,J. H.Bradwcll.
8, B. Jarvis.
Any other Varicty."l,C.Chaloner.
G.
Mapplebeck.
he, Henfrey,
3.
or
SUvcr-sixinokd."l,
HAMUDRGiis."Go/ti
Eollinson,Lindley.2, W. H.
R. D,
Tomlineon, Newark.
3, W. Bearpark. he, W. Beceroft, Nottingham;
Gold or Silvcr-pcneilled."l,
W. Bearpark. 2, W. Howarth"
Borne, Boston.
Steeple.

Kochdalc.
2, F. Greenwood,
'S.kiSBVRGUQ,"
Golden-spangled."\, H. Beldon.
I, H. Beldon.
2, H
lie,H. Pickles, jun.f Earby, Skipton. Golden-pencilled."
Halifax.
H.
Si\vcr-spani^lcd."\,
he, S. Smith, Northowrara,
Pickles, ]un.
Beldon.
2. H. Pickles, iun. Silver-pencilled."\, H. Pickles, jun. 2,H. Beldon.
Black." I, C. Sidgwick, Keighley. 2, C. W. Brierley. he,H. Beldon.
1 and
Burton-on-Trent.
2, H. Pickles, jun.
PoLANDS
Fowls."
he, H. Beldon.
Fkench
AND
Newark.
1 and 2, Mrs. J. Cross, Briprp. 8, J. El^ar,
2 and c, F. Steel.
Varieties."
French
Game
Bantajis
(Any other variety)."!, J. Dyson, Halifax.
BxaiJiT^a." Black hrca"itcd and other Bcd,s."\, S. Beiuhton.
2, T. C.
Game
Hall. Burnley.
son,
Bantams."
BiflC?: Rcd."\, F. Steel,Blarsden
2, T. R. RobinandE.
Newbilt. S. Pickering " DupRlcby, Great Driffield, he, H. SUuniaeh,
Black Rose-comhed.
l, 3.
Sunderland,
he, A. Smith, Sonthowram.
Southwell. Any other Varieijj."l and 2, T. C. " E. Newbitt.
3, H. Shumach.
he, H. Pickles, jun. ;
Walker, Halifax:. 2, S. " R. Ashton, Roe Cross. Mottram.
Groat
White.
-If/ac/i; or
8, G. Holmes,
Bantams.
2, Mrs. Proctor, Hull.
W. Moor. Keighley;
Miss
E. Cannan,
Bradford.
Any other Variety."i and
Any other Vnricty
Driffield, he,A. Storrar, Peterboroufrh. c, J. H. Bradwell.
2, H. Beldon.
8, Mra
2, H. Draycott, Humberstone.
Class.
Selling
1, Rev. G. F. Hodson, North Petherton.
1, W. Firth, Bii-kenhead (Spanish). 3, H. Frankland,
Leicester.
A. Woodcock.
Church
{Coocoo Creel Cochins).
Any
1 and 2,W. H. Tomlinson.
other
Variety."
PIGEONS.
Selling
Class."
Coc/^-l.W.Eoe, jun..North Scarlo Field. 2,T.J.Hamflon,.
2, E. Horner, Hare*
CAHTirERS,1. T. Waddington,
Feniacowlea, Blackburn.
Westmoreland.
he, 3. Tyler ; J. E]par j J. F. Loveraidgo,
3, J. H. BradwcU.
Harcwood.
"wood ; J. Holdeu, "Wibsey Slack, Low Moor ; E. Homer,
Sheflleld. 2, W. Sunday,
Miss J. Milward.
Hcn.'i."},W. Boulton.
Newark;
Pouters.1,J. Hawlcy, Bingley. 2 and he, E. Horner.
he, W. F. Checkley ; J. Thomson*
RadclifTc-on-Trcnt. 3, T. F. A. Burnaby.
J. Fieldinp, jun., Rochdale.
he, H.
Tumblers"
S/(orf-/ncfri."l,
2,E. Homer,
; W. Hughes, Leeds.
Any other Variety,1 Sheffield,
Yardley,Birmingham
; T. Waddington
"

"

"

July 18,1871.]

JOUBNAL

OF

HOBTICDLTUBE

AND

37

GABDENEB.

COTTAGE

look upon it as a guarantee that their birds will be well cared for and
considered.
their interests justly
fine birds were
to be seen, but I much
In the Cochin class some
PIGEONS.
the
F.
preferred
W.
bridge,
Camsecond-prize
Metcalfe,
pen, belongingto Lady Gwydyr, to Mr.
Leeds.
CABRlEns." 1 and 2^E. Horner, Harewood,
3,
Feniscoles
able
he, T, Waddington,
; W, H, Mitchell, Moseley.
Lingwood'sfirst; I should have giventhem the cup. The most noticehe, T. 'WaddingPouTEiis." 1 and 8, E, Horner.
2, W. Nottage, Northampton,
the paucity
of
feature in the Cochin class for Any varietywas
ton; H, Draycott.
feathers in the cocks' tails. I heard some
time back of an exhibitor
Tdjiblees."
1 and 2, E, Horner.
8 and he, T. Waddinglon.
EAJiBb." 1 and 8, E. Horner.
is
2, T. Waddington,
for artificially
insertinga feather in a cock's tail,
beingdisqualified
/;(;,
T.
Jacobins,"
3, F.Waitt.
1, W. H. Tomlinson.
2, T. C, " E. Newliitt.
I hope this
?
it not equally
dishonest to remove
ones
objectionable
(2).
"Waddington ; F. Waitt, King's Heath ; B. Homer
this
in
future.
In
the
the
not
of
3,
J.
will
TEDMPETEr"s."
Elgar.
Judge
T.
Waddington.
E.
Horner.
disapprobation
I,
2,
escape
Fantails"
1, T. WaddiuL'ton.
wise
2, 3. and he, W, H, Tomlinson,
or otherclass a pen of Mr, Fowler's arrived too late for competition,
3, E.
TuEBiTs," 1 and he, T, Waddington, 2, O, E, (Jressivell,Hanworth,
they would have been in the prizelist. In the Brahma class the
Horner.
fell to the Darks ; the first and second were
Antweups."
good birds,the
I, E, Horner.
2, W, H. Mitchell, 3 and he, W, H, Tomlinson,
cup justly
Ant
8, T.
Variety."
2, E. Horner,
other
1, A, W.
Wren, Lowestoft,
in comb.
third being faulty
The first-prize
was
Light Brahma
very
jun., Nortliampton ; E,
Chamhers,
"Waddington, he, T, Wadduigton
; T,
small,the second a much finer bird,but shown with a poor companion.
Homer; T, C. Marshall, Peterborough,
cariied almost
all before him,
3, S,
In the Game
Selling
Class,"
2, J, F, Loversidge,
classes Mr. Matthews
1, G, Brendnell, Nottingham,
Eobson, Ferrybridge, he, F, Waitt; W. Mottage; E, Horner; T. C. Marshall.
with a very neat Black, and being second
winning in the
Any Eeds
The Judge was Mr. E. Hatton, Pudsey,Leeds.
with a slashing
Brown ; he was also first and second in the Any other
of Game
with some
Duckwings. The French class was good
variety
Polands appearedin the Any variety
and some
remarkably superior
nice
Bantams
class.
The
Game
appearedin great force,and some
POULTRY
BECCLES
SHOW.
two highly-commendedpens
I much preferred
to be seen.
birds were
6th,
JuiiY 5th and
to the prize-winners.
Local

Class." Cocfc."l, T.Payne,

Winkljum.

Newark.

Newark.
2,
He7is."1,G. Jackson.
Hallam, Kii-klington.he,J. M. Otter, Newark,

8, J. Jolinson,
2, G. Hcntrey.
Mra.
8, H.
Easter, Stubton.
c, J. Savage, Southwell.

"

"

This Exhibition was, we are informed,carried out in all its details

the sole effortsof Mr, Wm,
Groom, of the Loudon Eoad, Ipswich,
all the arrangelistof patrons,and certainly
under a very distinguished
ments
shown
and
was
The poultry
most
were
complete
satisfactory.
under a tent 140 feet by 30 feet,and four other tents contained a large
horticulturalexhibition. The Show was kept open till dusk, and was
well attended,the band of the Fusileer Guards
addingto
exceedingly
After the Show was
closed for the evening,a
attractions.
the general
galaof fireworks and balloon ascents took place. About "200 offered
in prizes,
with the novelties justalluded to, caused Beccles to assume
for all the principal
of appearance,
unwonted gaiety
parts of the
an
decorated with evergreens
and banners.
town were
profusely
in
and
condition,
were
as
a
class,
sadlywanting
Grey Dorl-inr/s,
of diseased feet prevalent,A pen of birds in
there were
cases
many
from confirmed roup, were
this class that were
veiy properly
suffering
All three of the winning pens of
at once
returned to the owner.
inbut the remainder were
as oert'.iinly
Spanishfowls were excellent,
well
Cocliins were
and every breed was
"different. The
first-rate,
both
and
the
t
o
of
White.
Brahmas,
a
Light
shown,
cup falling
pen
of the hens sadly out of plumage.
Dark, were good,but the generality
mention that
we
The cup was awarded to the Dark
variety.When
Mr, Pickles was
exhibitinghis best pens of Hamlmnihs, little more
aieed be said in praise
of these varieties. In Game, Mr. Matthews, of
Stowmarket, had it prettywell his own way, but Mr, Julian's two pens
Creve- Cceitrs
also prizetakers,
that had travelled from Beverleywere
La Fleche were
the best of the French fowls,but some
were
superior
"
also on the prizelist. The
Variety class was much beyond meSilver Polands
second, and
^ocrity.Golden Polands standingfirst.
Silkyfowls third. In Game Baiitai'i-sthe Show was good. Pekins,
in
in
stood
and Black Bantams
the prizelist the order in
Silver-laced,
which theyare named, the whole class being good.
better than any hitherto
The classes for fowls hatched in 1871 were
dition,
togetherthis season, most of the birds shown being in capitalconthe unfavourable character of
and remarkablyforward when
for earlyhatches is considered.
the spring
classes were
have well repaidany
The selling
so good that it would
amateur
his travelling
expenses to have obtained such good specimens

by

"

an
expenditure.
trifling
refrain from drawing the especial
attention of our
cannot
We
described as exhibited by
readers to pen 90, in the printed
catalogue,
"Cock
Miss Newson.
by Brown Eed Game cock and
(Mule bird),
bird,
Guinea fowl,aged two years." It was, indeed,a most singular
and was accompaniedby its maternal parent,a good specimenof the

at

so

8 and
1 and Cnp, Hem-y Lingwood, 2, F, Parlett.
DoHiaNGS
(Any variety)."
he, J, Frost,
3. W, Saunders,
Spanish
1, J, F. Sillitoe. 3, Nichols Bros,
(Any variety)."
Lingwood,
Cni?ia"l07l ir Bi(ff,"1, Henry
Cocuin-China,"
2, Lady Gwydyl'.
J. Sichel ; Henry
lie,
8, H, Lloyd, jiin, vhe, H, Lloyd, jun,; Lady Gwydyr,
Any otitcr Variety." 1 and Cup, J, N, Whitehead.
Lingwood; H, D. Dent,
Lingwood.
2 and 3, Horace
Darfc," 1, Cup, and 8, Horace
Lingwood, 2, H, Dowsett,
Brahma
Pootra.8, Bev, N, J, Kidley.
2, J. Pares,
lie,J, Sichel,
Licrftf.-l,Dr, D, C. Campbell,
H, Dowsett,
he, H, M, Maynard;
Hameukghs.
Gold or Silver-pencilled.1 and 3. H, Piekles, jun, 2 and
H. Pickles, jmi. 2, L. Wren.
Ooldor Silver-siiangled."l,
he, W, K, lickner,
3, H, Pickles, jrin. vhe, B. Wilkinson.
Stowmarket.
.and 2, S. Matthew,
Gi.iiE."Blaclc-hreasted and other Eeds."l
he, H, E, Malin,
Any
vhe, G, Barton; R, Postle,
8, H, M, Julian, Hull,
(Dackwing), 8, H, H. Julian (Duekwlng
Variety." 1, Cup, and 2, S, Matthew
Game).
J.
Rev,
N.
2,
J.
(Creve-Coenr),
1.
Siehel,Timperley
French
(Any variety)."
Ridley (La Fleche), 8, W, Tippler (Iloudans), lie,T. 0, Hawken,
G.l:uE B.VNTA..1 s (Any variety)," 1,Cup, and 2, W, B. Jeffries(BlackEed Game),
(Black-breasted)
vhe, J, Button
he, H, W.
(Duckwing
Game),
8, W, Adams
(BlackBed Same) (2); C. H.
(Black-breasted Red Game) ; W, Adams
Wallace
F, Dixon
; T.
c. Rev. W,
Webb
(Dnckwing Game) : J. Drake ; J. Robinson,
Red Game) ; J, Robinson,
Fenn
(Blaok-breasled
Bantams
(Any other variety). 1, J. Sichel (Pekin), 2 and vhe, M, Leno,
Street (Laced). 8, S. " R, Ashton, Mottram
Markvate
(Black),lie.Miss M.
Jodre'll(Japanese); Rev. F. Tearle (White), c, Mrs, Bishop; G, B, Francis
(Black, Rose-combed),
1 and
(Polands). 2, H, Pickles,
Cup, W, K, Patiick
Vahiety.Any
other
vhe, W. K, Patrick; Miss
Sldpton (Silver Polands), 8, Bev. F. Tearle.
]un"
Coek; Lady Gwydyr,
; T, Hai-wood
Newson.
; T, H, Headman
he,R, Wilkinson
S,
Matlhew
(Black-breasted
erel."l, Horace
Lingwood (PartridgeCochin), 2,
Chelmsford
[Coloured Dorking).
Baddow,
Red
Game),
8, F, Parlett, Great
vhe. J. E, Eodbard
(Dorking), Iw, W, Dring (Hondan); Lady Gwydyr; J. F.
Pullets."
(Coloured Dorking),
c, J, Button
Loversidge, Newark-on-Trent.
(Light Brahma).
(Black-breastedRed Game), 2, T, A, Dean
1, S, Matthew
(Spamsh), vhe, J, R. Rodbard (Dorking); J, Jeken (Black3, J. R. Eodbard
(Dorking); W. Dring
Gwydyr,
breasted
Red
Game);
Lady
e, E. Brown
(Cochins).
Dent
H,D,
Hondans);
Hamhm'gh).
(Golden-pcneilled
Cocfc, I, T, H, Eeadmau
Class,Selling
he Eev.
A,
Bowm"an
Red Game),
(Brown-breasted
(Brahmas), 3,
2, H, Dowsett
Bens.
G, Gilbert.
F, Tearle
(White Dorking) ; W. Tippler (Houslan), c, Rev
(Buff Cochins), 3, H, Dowsett
Bros.
(Spanish).
2, J. Dutton
"1, Nichols
Rev. G. Gilbert; J. F, S.
(Spanish);Lady Gwydyr;
he. W. White
(Brahma),
Brahma),
H,
H,
Tippler
(Dark
Red
Game),
c,
L, Barber
(Black-breasted
Miscellaneous."
1,Lady Gwydyi-. 2, Kev, G, Gilbert (Aylesbul-y Duck), 3, Mrs.
J, Mayhew
(Cambridge Turkey), he. Rev, W, F, Dixon (Boucn Duck).
of marks
without obtam
received the highest number
Prize to exhibitor who
"

"

"

"

"

ing any prize,Mr. Nicholls.

Mr. Edward
Hewitt, of

THE

Birmingham,was
Sparkbrook,

BOSTON

POULTRY

the

Judge.

SHOW.

of the Boston
improved with the rapidity
almost every class was well represented
In general
Exhibition.
quality
The
was
size of the " Mule
remarkable, and the arrangements were, unquestionably,
Guinea fowl.
character
common
of the highest
beinggreaterby far than that of any Game cock in the Show. The
the whole of the poultry,
"c,,being shown under an excellent tent of
in
Guards
Coldstream
was
brightchestnut spottedwith white ; the head
the
wings and sides were
The
of
band
150 feet by 40 feet.
and
of the Guinea fowl nor the comb
betrayedneither the crown
although
satisfactory,
attendance,and the number of visitors was
the
base
of
but
to
the
Game
of
was
wattles
closely
cock,
feathered-up
a
heavy shower about mid-day was, no doubt, detrimental to the
the bill,
the plumage of this part beingof a most
singularcharacter,
at the gates.
receipts
different to anythingthat has
hen in the cnp
whilst the conformation of skull was
The Buff cup Cochins were
very excellent birds,the
The
ever
appeared at an exhibition of poultry.The tail was tolerablypen being far superior to those generallymet with.
prize
with black and white.
and very closely
but
striped
were
Brahmas
long,and beautifully
superior,
and Light-feathered
pens of both Dark
like those
of the
The legs,though heavy and coarse, were
more
Black Spamstiwere
the remainder in these classes were
very weak.
its
restless
and
mother's than the cock parent. It was
of
the
most
noted
noisy,
very
many
good, and the Eambunjhs comprised
especially
voice being most
peculiar. We regret to find that a large entry
in the kingdom ; Mr.
Pickles,with these and Silver-spangled
pens
to hand
of Mr. Fowler's birds,from
long after Polands,being a chief prizetaker.
Aylesbury, came
Although the prize Game fowls
able
the awards were
completed. So much for trustingto the last availof otherwise excellent pens were, by soma
a number
were
very perfect,
of Mr. Groom, the Manager, is worthy
train. The promptitude
duck-footed." A
shown
though they were
of the owner,
oversight
who
all prize-winners applied
of all praise,
being paidon the spot,and
grand pen of Black Eeds were the cup-winners.Most of the best
returned with punctuality.
was
find the poultry
we
Silver-laced
Sebrightsand
overshown.
Bantams
were
pens of Game
class.
'The
the winners in the extra Bantam
Blacks were respectively
birds
to twelve miles from Boston)contained some
{From a Correspondent.)
Local class (confined
failure.
a
The Selling
classwas comparatively
a
Notwithstanding
only 185 of very good character.
very liberal schedule,there .were
second.
first and Eouens
were
in a great measure
ontries ; this,I think,was
owing to the fact that, In a general Duch class Aylesburys
received the prizes
French Partridges
and
Pheasants
Silver
Chinese
exhibitors
of
reside
in
the
of
none
district,
our
largest
althoughmany
were
and
Carriers
"
the
The
Pouters,
Almonds,
bitors, in a
fancyclass."
their names
appearedin connection with the management ; and exhiboth good and
and the Baihits were
the Pigeons,
when theyfind brother exhibitors associated with the direction,admirable among
Veet

few shows

have

"

"

OF

JOURNAL

38

good

they were

of Caije
Birds
quality.

show

weighty. The

in

not very

was

HOETICULTUEE

largein nnmbors, but

COTTAGE

AND

[ July 13, 1971.

GARDENER.

made
Last year several attempts were
to find egga in
without snceesp.
oomb
On the 12ih or 13th of June of
hive had lost its queen on
her marriage
this year I found one
motion
in a state of greatcomtour ; and the bees of that hive were
inside
and bewilderment,running hither and thither,
The commotion
and outside the hive,searchingfor their lost queen.
there are no eggs in
and search for lost queens, when
their hives,by the bees,are well known
to bee-keepersof experience.

hive.
drone

Cri/oiinv;," 1, H. "Wond.
2, T, Fnx.
lie,H. Lincwooa.
c, W. JW. J. Wnmllumfsf.
Ann viu-'nttl."l,
2. No Competition.
Any variety.
CocitiN-CiiiKAS."
Biiir" 1 unci Cup. 11. I.iu'v. 2, 11. Linfwood.
"1, H. Lncy. 2. n. Blotsoo.Bniiiw.il, (liincllo.
Oart.'."1 nnd 2. U. Lacy. Lklld."l, J. Pares, Poattord,Guildford.
BnAnniAB."
he. E. Smith.
2, H. Whitclny.
Spanish
(BlacW." 1, Nowbitt " Co. 2 nnd he, J. F. Dixon.
1 nuiI 2. J. Rollinson.
he, R. D. Bnrno,
f;r)/'(('/i-,i/"'n"//-('.
HAMuURGirM."
2. H. Pickles.
l..T. KnllinHon.
Silvcr-npanglcd."
G()hl-'n-iunrill"d."
Boston.
nnd 2, H. Pickles.
Silrrr-ii,-nriUi;l."\
1, Cup, nnd 2. II. I'icWcM.
luid Cup. C. Cliiiloner,Slectley, Whitwell.
2, W.
Bl(ir),.(irC((,"(.i;.-l
Game."
2, Miss I\I.Fletcber.
Any nthrr lv(iM'/y."1, C. ('Imlonor.
Boyes, Bevcrlov.
" Co.
-7l/"c/.--/)r'Y/"/-'(/
O'lmc."X
nnd Cup, W. Grice.
2, Nowbitt
Bantams.
" Co. ; W. Adams,
c, Nowbitt
he, W.J. Cooke. Wninllct't. IJoHton : S. S. Mossop.
2 and c, H. Pickles.
/iC,G. S. K.
Boston.
,"!""/other Vuriety."l, H. Lcno.
Cnyless ; Ncwbitt " Co. (J).
Fowls."
1. J. .7.Maldon.
2, R. Coney, Alford.
FuENCJi
W.
Thomas.
nnd
H.
Pickles,
G.
lie,
Vauirty.1. Cup,
Any
othf.r
2,
H. Blarriott. 2, E.Smith.
Class.-I.
Local
/(C,E.Smith; J. Thorpe, c, Mrs.
DnnKiNOS."

"WoodhouHo.

"

those cells examined,

thus imported. Daily were
in the comb
found carefully
the bees were
nursing
and on every examination
and tending the grubs in the royalcells. In a few days the
the
bees.
sealed up, and then carefully
cells were
guarded by
mother
sit more
Never did a human
proudly and complacently

"Westmorland.
Class."
SELLING
1, B. Jnrvis.
2, K. Smith.
2 nnd c, W.
DDciis
(Any variety}."
1, H. B. Blotsoo.
Pheasants
{orother fancy birds).-1, G. W. Thomas.

Here was an opportunityfor the experiment suggested.

full of eggs and maggots was cut from a
A bit of drone comb
The bit was
cut into three pieces,and
The reception
fixed separatelyin the queenless,egglesshive.
almost instantaneouslythe roar and rush oi
of the eggs hushed
the bees
the bees into perfectquietness and rest. At once
of the grubs
commenced
to build some
royalcells around some

hive yet unswarmed.

Dudding.
2, H. Speller.

PIGEONS.
CARaiEns." B/ack." 1, Cup. and 2, It. Fulton,
c, F. Waddington ; J. C. Ord.
R. Fulton.
Diin."i,
2,Withhold.
the cradle of her child than did the bees
over
Pouters
1 and 2, R. Fulton,
vhe, T. Hnwley.
(jVuv variefv)."
over
2
.1.
;
It.
Fulton.
and
Ford,
Tumblers,"
tie,T. Waddinffton
.4/;ao"(i."l,
c,
cells. The
time for
arrived, but no oeU
these
o^1n'7' 7"ri('fy."
R.Fulton.
1 and Cup, R. Minnitt.
.dTijy
tic,Vi.J.
2, J. Ford.
I tore the cells out
On the sixteenth
a
c, R. Fulton.
Woodhouse.
queen.
BARDfl."l,R. Fulton.
2, H. Yardloy. c, H. Ynrdloy ; S. Waddington.
that their inmates
when I found
were
a mass
for
FANT.ULS."
1, H. Yardloy, nirmingham.
2. S. Waddirif^on.
the insect
taken
had
TURBITS.of
1, A. ICitchinR. 2, H. Yardloy. c, S. Waddington.
one
;
Antwerps."
I, H. Yardloy. 2, .T.Collinsnn.
in
than the drones
and
smaller
in
size
it
was
(Ice).
Vauiety.Any
other
1, II. Ynnlley (White Owls). 2. S. Waddington
foul.
cells.
the
too, was
ho,J. Cross ; S. Waddington ; H. Boyer ; H. Larver.
c, J. C. Ord; A.M. Adam.

apparently

hatching
day

royal

yielded
examination,
form,
putrefaction only
grub
quite white,
apparently becoming
adjoining
It,
CAGE
BIRDS.
far as queenThe experiment,then, was
a complete failure,so
Parrot."
2. Mrs. Ostler,
Ore;/." 1, V. Ross.
he, T. Spikins. Varicnated."
making goes. Why the bees attempted to make queens from
and tic.Miss Jenkins.
2, G. E. Storr.
mine
than
Lorry."
Miss
C.
Dows.
No
heads
to
1.
competition.
is
left
for
wiser
a
2.
such
Parroquet
grubs
question
Lewis.
Miss M. Dowsett.
Canary.
c,C. Jackson.
1,W. Caistor.
2.
/iCj
I am
thankful for the opportunityol recording tlie
answer.
Canary
Mule
(Any variety)." I,Mrs. Kiiiley. 2, J. N. Harrison.
Finoh.
Enoush
any
1, J. N. Harrison.
Linnet, Goldfinch,
experiment and its results. A. Peitigrew.
or

"

"

on

wtiier

"

"

a, G. W.

Thomas,
he, P. Koightley.
Lark."
J. N. Harrison.
I,J. Raves.
2, T. Hobstor.
lie,
Boston.
on
TnRusn
BLACiininD.
1, J. Browcr, Wormgato,
Borne.
c, Mrs. Ashby
Muschamp.
;
2, J. E. Greenall.

1, R. D.

Extra

"

"

for Pmiltri/,
Mr. Edward
ham
were
Hewitt, of BirmingMr. W.
Pitjconnand liatttiits,
Massey, of Spalding; and
for Cage Birds,Mr. J. W. Harrison,of Sjialding.

The

Jadses

"

; for

POULTRY

SHOW

FOR

OLD

DO

"

lie, A. H.
2, H. Cawood.
\, A. H. Eastcn.
he, A. Porter.
Heavtctit."l,
Taylor. 2, T. Mumby.
Breed."

Rabbits..tuj/Pure
Eastcn
; A. Reynolds.

WILTSHIRE.

LEAVE

QUEENS

THEIR

HIVES?

reference to the article in No. 355, entitled " Queens

Leaving their Hives," by B. " W.," I must admit that if the
of swarming are correctly
cases
reported,they are not only well
curious
worth recording,but very exceptional
; but in whatever
such strangeanomalies
circumstances
occurred,I must entirely
the
the
writer
that
dissent from the inference drawn
swarm
by
issuing from the driven Ligurian stock was headed by the old
have
we
hybrid hive, and that,therefore,
queen of the removed
In

"

Permit
to draw the attention of your readers to the fact
me
that the principalpoultry and Pigeon fanciers of Wiltshire, here a proof that queens
sometimes
leave their hives after
the
Such
need of more
shows in the south and west of England, becoming mothers on other than swarming occasions.
feeling
exhibition is likely a statement
and believingthat a [countyannual
from
so
apiarian as
accomplished an
coming
"
attractive to exhibitors and
and
shows
that the
to be better supported and more
B. " W."
certainlysurprises me,
vouring "
tific
connected
visitors than one
merely with our town, are endeamystery of the bee hive is not confined alone to non-sciento obtain
I have been a close observer of the habits
subscriptionsfrom fanciers generallyand
"

apiculturists.

Mr.
from the local gentry for the furtherance of their purpose.
G. Saunders
Sainsbury,of Devizes,Mr. Alfred Heath, of Galne,
and Mr. W. H. Stagg, of Netheravon, are
being active in the
matter ; and Mr. John Marsh, of the Market Place, Devizes,is
the Hon.
is alreadypromised, but
Secretary. Some
money
is needed
if the show is to take place. It will be to the
more
interest of fanciers of poultry,Pigeons,and cage birds to have

of mother

queens

for many

years, and

no

such

occurrence

eve*

sure
experience,of a mother queen taking a pleaI believe it never
happens.
trip,and, moreover,
the issuing of the
witnessed
B. " W."
Presuming that
mistake as to this,I
referred to, and that there is no
swarms
would rather seek a solution of the facts on other grounds. I
when
the
that
Ligurian stock was
shall,therefore, suppose
on
such a show established in a county easilyreached
the eve
of swarming, that it had
on
every
driven it was
nearly
change matured
Devizes Corn Exand that having received an immense
Bide,and having the large and well-lighted
young princesses,
for a placeof exhibition.
accession of'tieea belonging to the removed
hybrid hive, the
each
idea, however, is that the show should move
the third day
on
My own
first matured queen went off with the swarm
other
and
that
and
the
2J:th
of
Salisbury,
Chippenham,
Warminster,
the
on
after
May, and the second
year,
operation viz.,
friends, swarm
towns might be advantageously visited ; but money,
stock on the 8 h of June, was
issuing from the same
It subscriptions headed also by a
the dream
or
must remain
The
a dream.
money,
princess,sister to the former.
young
flow-in in su"Eoient numbers
the show will be duly advertised swarm
hybrid hive on the 7th of
issuing from the removed
took placein my
aerial

"

"

in this Journal.

Wiltsdike

Eectok.

in this way be headed

the other hand, would
by its
which " B. " W."
conjectureshad gone out on
its
old
and
back
to
went
a
nd,
site,
consequently,
pleasuretrip,
EGGS.
THE
SEX
OF
of the 21th of May, from the Ligurian stock.
headed the swarm
these suggestionsto 'B. " W.," and he
Mb. Woodbury, and most other enlightened
I venture to make
apiarians,have
to verifyor disprovetheir correctness
will have it in his power
had, no doubt, on their minds that the eggs of a queen bee are
be
the hives, if frame hives,or by noticing
and
cannot
of
examination
of both sexes, some
female and some
male,
by an
of the respectiveLigurian and
altered by the treatment they may receive in their cells. Some
the progenies of the swarms
excellent letters on the question,written in an excellent spirit, hybrid stocks,when, if I am
right,the results will correspond
"
J. Lowe.
made.
inserted in the
from the pen of Mr. Woodbury, were
to the suggestionsnow
Handy
Those
Book of Bees," and have been read with great interest.
work
that
of
that
letters were
author
the
written to convince
to the
FiiRTiLisiNO
his opinions were
Queens. Mr. Doolittle communicates
the questiondiscussed. Though
on
erroneous
he
a
Bee dournnl
the facts and arguments of Mr. Woodbury were
queens, which
weighty,they American
plan of fertilising
of artificialimpregnato any other mode
tion.
did not "fully convince"
the author of the correctness of thinks far preferable
and
is
The
method
as
a
neighbour,
an
Mr. Woodbury'soonolusions : hence he suggested
was
practisedby
experiment
which, to his mind, would settle the question viz to put a follows:" Tie selects a stock with plenty of the best drones,
bit of drone comb
eggless and sets it fifteen or twenty rods from any other stock,and as
containing eggs into a queenless,
"

June,
own

on

old queen,

"

"

"

JOURNAL

Jnly IS, 1S71. ]

OF

the queen hatches he clipsone

wing. He then raises
of sawdust 3 or 4 feet square, lays thereon a good
broad bottom
board, and sets the hive on it,so that the queen
in
He has tried queens
out.
she comes
crawl back when
"can
this way for three seasons, and they are all very prolific.A
as

soon
a

bed

queen

can

thus

be introduced

from

any

39

GAEDENEB.

COTTAGE

AND

HORTIODLTUKE

stock of Italians that gave me one

good
I have one
The Italians,
and 125 lbs. box honey the first season.
will
to be pure, should all have three yellow bunds, and some
(inNational
occasionallyshow the fourth. G. M. Doouiile

honey.
swarm

"

Bee

Journal,American

ing
stock,and in-and-in breed-

prevented.

HINGES

TO

HIVES.

BAR-AND-FRAME

Journal,"
to " our
bar-and-frame
hive
STOCKS.
AND
OF
SWARMS
TREATMENT
cludes
which he gave to the ApiarianSocietywas hinged," and constill
"
I DID not carry out my plana towards the hybrid stock,
fore,
the triangular
with the strange assertion,
hive,therenal
Jour895
of
the
"
in
I am
angular
his triobligedfor your advice as stated
page
I reallydid say was
never
was
hinged." What
not quite " so timid
of June Ist. 1 begin to hope I am
ones
were
merely devised to enable him to lift his
withal " as you described me, as I have, I believe,properly combs
and
he
from
far
sidering
coninto observation frames,
so
was
from the
issued on the 27th nit.,
which
bived a fine swarm,
them
trulymoveable, that he at firstfixedthem to the
hybrid stock. I had never taken one before,and to add to my
of hinges."
hive by means
It settledin the midst of a currant bush, the end of the
ing?
difficulty
Now, what are the facts according to the Major's own showunder
the bush,
cluster restingon the ground. I left them
informed
"these
are
In his last article we
triangular
into a
after hiving,until evening, and then transferred them
bar frames
so
arranged on the sides of the enclosing
were
frame
hive, placingthem next to the stock in the bee- house
through the whole of the
outer
box as to have an iron rod run
works
swarm
"
of Neighbour's,to hold three hives). The
that
is, if language has any meaning, they
frames
eight
Is this usual ?
few bees leavingthe hive.
They were hinged to the box by means
of a continuous
very feebly,
pin running
to the frames ; the cluster
in a thick cluster inside,down
pivots. In his pamphlet, bearing the
through eight or more
bees
feared
and
I
when
I
some
smaller
took
than
them,
seems
date 1851, he describes his frames thus:" ^" In one of the two
might have been lost by going back to the bush next morning, ends of the top bar there is a small handle fixed,as at t, and
but if so I could not help it,having been much
pressedfor time at the other a small piece of brass with a hole in it,as at %o.
their proper
on
I could not put them
wiien hiving them.
This forms the eye of the pivot for the bee frame to work upon,
also might have gone
I thought,perhaps some
stand at once.
about to be lifted
and has a brass pin run
through it when
close
together, into the observation frame."
to their old home
again,the entrances being so
It thus appears that every frame
Have
does
not
the
stronger.
but
stock
correspondingly
seem
frame
into the observation
quired
reon
being raised for inspection
when
I noticed many
drones
hiving
I made
any mistake 1
to be furnished with a complete hinge, and remained
no
traces of their
leave the hive,and I see
the bees,but none
the
the
of
drawn,
withwas
pivots
fixed until the pin connecting
eyes
slaughter. Would they also remain inside ? The stock seemed
I do not
unfastened.
the eyes themselves
were
or
there are
issued ; now
minus drones after the swarm
many,
that may have
for
the
improvements
with
Major
any
quarrel
hatched
have
been
of
but they may
course
subsequently
the undoing of his
of facilitating
been adopted in the way
out.
hinges,but I adhere to the statement that his triangularframes
On the evening of June 28th I found a young queen or princess were at first fixed to the hive by means
of hinges. I prefer
under the stock ; she seemed lively,
morning, after
so next
eyes to any assertion the Major may make,
believingmy own
bee to pass
allowed one
smearing her with honey, I carefully
I call
I have taken up is correct,
and to show that the position
into the glasswhich covered her, but they began fightingat
de plume of " SuDsnEY,"
who
writes under the nom
a witness
which
left
off
I
let
another
one
they
once
pass up,
; when
be acquainted. That
and with whom, perhaps,the Major may
I introduced
about six more, but
behaved very diiierently,
so
marks,
gentleman, in the Journal of July 25tb, 18G7, page 70, reto do, I covered
so not knowing what
they worried her instantly,
the
in reference to Munn's
hive,
only one I ever saw
but what
as I did not know
up the glassand left her to her fate,
the
Museum."
is
in
frames
Edinburgh
with hinges to the
she was to have been the new
queen, and had missed the hive
SnDBUKT," for your testimony. You have, then,
Thanks, Mr.
after her flight.Did I do rightin this case?
with hinges,and perhaps others could
the hive of Munn
seen
and stock
to be done to the swarm
If there is anything more
take the trouble of paying
it as well as you if they would
see
S should be obligedif you would kindly tell me, and also if you
Edinburgh Museum, where, if what I called
a visit to the
consider they are going on properly. I put on
a bee-dress and
a
cranky hive is found to be not worth looking at, a great
gloves when hiving the swarm, but did not " tie down my
ration.
other things will be found worthy of study and admimany
"
not stung
trousers
as you kindlyrecommended, and yet I was
Major
says I am

his last communication

mistaken in thinking that the

Mdnn, in
"

^one

"

iang

"

"

at all !" 0. A. J.

[The
of the

recent

I have

weather was doubtless the cause

of the old stock as well as of your

unfavourable

apparent

idleness
which

latter may even

tion,
perish from starvacause, unless succoured by a timely
cluster would
naturally contract into
than at first,
smaller dimensions
say the morning after hiving,
but it ought to extend rapidlyas combs are built,which, howSome bees have
over, cannot be accomplished if food is short.
probablybeen lost owing to the delay in puttingthe hive in its
to their old
to have returned
are likely
place,and many more

newly-hivedswarm,

owing to the same

supply of food. The

no

wish to misrepresentthe

Major'shive

as

originally

of the credit of anything to

which
he is entitled ; but I did, and stilldo think, that his
without
distinguishing
in alteringthe text of Bevan
conduct
what belongs to Bevan and what to himself,and making the new
for his " bar-andedition of the work an advertisingmedium
The
Wkitek of
frame
hive," deserves the highest censure.

constructed,nor

to

deprive him

"

THE
"

Eeview
Honey

op

Major

Munn's

Edition

Dk.

aw

Betan's

Bee."

states that
The New
Yorle Times
Forest.
A Giant
the
of
"
A Neighbour'sbee-house
to hold three hives " should
of
of the original"big trees"
one
a solid section cut from
be occupied by more
than two at the outside,and these
is in New
York, on its way to a
Calaveros
county, California,
ought to be placedas far asunder as possible. If three colonies
twenty-five
d
ays
Five men
were
employed
European museum.
be placed in it,two ought to work from entrances made
must
and its
302 feet,
in cuttingdown this huge tree ; its height was
Drones
from the front.
at each end, and only the centre one
32 feet. The
diameter
specimen was cut at a distance
largest
able.
favourwill show freelyenough whenever the weather becomes
The stump is covered over, and is
of 20 feet from the base.
The
doubtless a
found
the 28th was
on
young
queen
used as a ball-room, being so largethat thirty-twopersons
now
princesswhich had been discarded from the hive,
supernumerary
for the band
dance a double cotillon on it and leave room
can
and upon which all your trouble was of course
wasted.]
and spectators. If one has sufficientpatience,the age of the
tree might be determined by counting the angular rings; but,
to save
trouble,it has been alreadyascertained that there are
LiQUEiAN
Bees.
A word for the Italians. I find them very
a year."
(rimes.)
than 2500 of them, each representing
more
peaceable when compared with the black bees. I can open a
out
hive of Italians at any time when
they are raisingbrood withsmoke, and not have one offer to stingme, unless by some
BOX.
LETTER
OUR
able.
mishap I jar them so as to arouse them, whioli takes consider{F. H. S. and others).You have all
Me. Jackson, Kidderminster
Besides this you can find the queen readily; the young
relative to him,
similarlysuffered ; it is needless to publish more
bees do not drop from the comb
as the black ones
do, and as
"I deny that I made
Show.
Stroud
any perversion when I said that
far as my
the cup was given to a lot of second and third-class Rabbits ; for although.
experiencegoes, they will make one-lhird more
"

hive.
never

"

"

"

JOURNAL

40

OF

HORTICULTURE

AND

third
Barrett says, Mr. King took two firsts,
two seconds, and one
firsts wag
in the sellingclass,where it is well known
and third-class orinferior
a rule,ooly second
Rabbits
of their defects
in the
entert d to sell at a low price,in consequence
are
best points. I have no wish to depreciate Mr. King's stock, still less to
I was
induced to make
the remarks I did
find fault with tbe committee.
for the interest of the Society in the future
than to find fault with
more
this
the committee
for the past. J. Hume.""
on
[We cannot insert more
as

Mr

prize,yet one of the

to the fancy that, as

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

[ July 13, 1871.

each other, and the doubled

hive may,
be shifted to a positionmidway between

as

soon

the union

as

the two

; or, if these

is effected,
conditions

cannot

an
conveniently be fulfilled,
arrangement
might possibly be mado
to exchange driven bees with some
bee-keeper, whose apiary is
friendly

situated

distance

some

Earwigs."

off.

G. Q. P. inquires if they

can

be

kept out

of

house,and

if

80, how?

"

Bubjectl
Fowls

Large

Long

says

about

with

METEOROLOGICAL

"

E. E. F." quite corroborates what Mr.

and
Bantams
together. " E- E. F."
which have
Bantams,
been allowed to run
great difference in the size there would be
chicks have hatched
nearly all the Bantam
The
or
five have been
black chicks are
derably
consipure.
the Bantams, but have neither comb nor
tufts like
Bantams.

"

keepinj?large fowU

and White
together, thinking from the
Alas I
fear of crossine.
no

has Creve-Cceurs

four
larger than

jet black, only

OBSEUVATIONS,

Camden

Lat. 51" 32' 40"

N. ;

Square,

Long.

London.

0" S' 0"

W. ; AltUnde

111

feet.

the Creve-Cceurs.
and
Toulouse
Coih:iion Geese
(Another
Crossing
Disheartened).
There is no doubt, in the first instance, the Toulouse
gander was
put to
The eggs of the second
his comp"ini"ms too late in the season.
year had
not be rotten; tbey would
have remained
been impregnated, or they would
clear without
They may have
any change taking place in them.
to the weather, or by being left too long by the
been chilled by esposuro
There is no doubt a change had taken place in tbe eggs. A germ
Goose.
then
it had
had been developed, and
been suffered to perish,hence the
We advise you not to be
decay. Did the Geese sit on their own
eggs ?
disheartened, but to try them
again, but let them run
entirelytogether.
Let the cottagers who
Have no other gander. Scatter your
eggs about.
of the eggs to sit,and
at ton weeks
old
keep Geese have some
pay them
of both.
When
It will answer
the purpose
for all they hatch and rear.
must
recollect they will not be as
you are dealing with the produce you
birds. The
Toulouse
do not sit.
common
good sitters as the unmixed
than three Geese to a gander.
Do not put more
"

Pigeon
Voyageur
(X 7. .Z.)."Look
number
relative to " Belgian Pigeons."
Le

on

page

20 of

last week's

our

Shafts
Bare
Flight-feather
vtith
Pigeons
{Yorkshire). The sand
so
and the sawdust
industriously supplied by you all over the floor and
of your
trouble. "We neyer
have a grain
nests are most
likelythe cause
in our
loft.
Such
dust to
of sand or sawdust
things at best only cause
flyin the eyes of the birds. We have the floor swept clean and clear
and
water
and
but
food
a
low
morning,
nothing
trays,
supply,
pan
every
mortar
and
a
little salt mixed
with it. We
like the
containing broken
floor to be as free from dust as those of our own
bedrooms.
"

Pigeons
Smerle
(J. Oood). "We do
them lor sale will advertise perhaps.

not

"

know.

Some

one

who

has

Pigeons
Bearing
Young
Fantail
not
their
). It has been the
(
with
birds ; we
this season.
our
have only raised
one
one
young
the very cold winter
First there was
injuring the old ones, then their
the cold spring, and
now
cold
weak; then firstthere was
young seemed
and damp summer;
consequently on the least absence from the nest of
die at once.
It is a very bad year both for
the patents their young
We have lost dozens of young birds,Pigeons and
Pigeons and Canaries.
Canaries.
"

same

REMARKS.
5th." Very

at 0.45 p.m., and lesser ones

heavy shower
until 4.30 p.m
Morning and evening fine.
6th." Showery in morning, fine in afternoon and evening.
7th." Rather dull in morning, but very fine all the rest of the day; sua
very hot, but a cool breeze.
8th. Rather cooler,but a beautiful day.
9th." Fine morning, rain at noon
and at intervals all day ; heavy rain at
7 P.M., 0.16 inch fallingin ten minutes.
10th." Fine morniHg, but showery all day, and heavy rain all night.
11th. Heavy rain in morning and till 5 p.m., then fine evening.
The rain of Monday and Tuesday was unusually heavy, the total amount
than 1^ inch.
The
being more
only fair comparison with previous records
is,however, l"ytaking the twenty-four hours ending with 9 a.m.,
and then the amount
is 1.23, which
has only been exceeded since 1858 on
the following occasions" 1859, September 2Gth,1.66 ; 1861,November
13th,
1.42; 1863,June 19th, 1.55; 1867,July 25th, 1.82; 1871,July 10th,1.23."
"

"

G. J. Symons.

COYENT

GARDEN

July

MARKET."

12.

lighterand prices
The
supply during the past week has been much
Bush fruit has been
Rajjbit
comparatively scarce, especially
Points
HniALAYAN
{F. Sahhage). The points of excellence in
fully maintained.
a
round London.
over
large area
are
Rabbit
of extremities, Currants, blight having struck them
the Himalayan
undoubtedly the darkness
and ears, which should be of as deep a shade as possible, Importations are
large, and comprise Peaches, Nectarines, Apricots,
especiallynose
kinds
of
usual
times
will
little
than
and
the
vegetables.
one
ear
a
the
and all the same;
at
be
darker
Cun-ants,
Cherries,
yet
jectionable.
is obother, and, perhaps, the hind feet will incline to a grey, which
No white foot is allowable.
The
should
be erect,
ears
d. a.
d
s.
B. d.
clear
of the Rabbit
rather short,eye
pink, and the general appearance
0
Mulberries
lb. 0 0 too
1 6 to 4
5 sieve
Apples
well-proportioned, not "stumpy," as is often the case; weight from
Nectarines
doz.
6
10
3 0
doz.
Apricots
6 to b lbs.
6
2 0
lb. 10
Oranges
^ 100
Cherries
Peaches
doz.
0 0
8
0 0
bnahel
Eyelid
Rabbit
on
of
Warts
(Idem)."A-p^ly a thin paste of sulphur, Chestnuts
0
0
doz.
5 0
0
Pears, kitchen
Currants
i sieve
to the parts affected,avoidsweet oil,and two or three drops of creosote
6 0
dessert
doz.
0
do.
4 0
Black
as possibletouching the eye in the application,as the
as much
pain will Figs
4
Pine
lb.
doz.
4 0
8 0
Apples
If
attack
of
tobacco
water
acute.
should
be
it be merely an
be
scurf,
Plums
0
2 0
lb. 0 0
4 sieve
Filberts
of Limerick
2
roll tobacco in a small teacupdoz.
made by putting half an ounce
0
Quinces
lb. 2 0
6
Cobs
lb. 0
Raspberries
OS
ful of warm
water, and allowing it to stand three hours ; then apply
GooBeberries
quart 0 6
Strawberries
lb,
0
lb.
8
0
8
Hothouse....
0
to the parts affected. If used in the early stage of the attack
with caution
Grapes,
10
bushel
10 o
Walnuta
^^"'1006 0
Lemons
or
twice will probably be sufficient to effect a cure.
once
ditto
each
2 0
5 0
-rlOO 1
Melons
the super
Swarm
Returning
forthwith,
(Aljyha). We should remove
VEGETABLES.
to
it
after
maiden
bees
be
cannot
as the
expected
complete
throwing-offa
is often
so
Sisyphean a task, in the absence
swarm.
d
Returning swarms
a.
d. B.
a, d.
bunch
4 too
of the facJIitioB for excising rojal cells presented by moveable-comb
Leeka
doz.
4 Oto 6 0
Artichokes
doz.
1
Lettuce
or
advise
0
8 0
even
"""100 4
hives,that we would
swarms,
Asparagus
your accepting the swarm,
2
Mushrooms
16
6
pottle
if more
issue,and placing it or them in proxim.ty to the parent hive, Beans, Kidney ....^100
Mustard
ACreas..
2
0
punnet
3 0
i;
bushel
Broad
with the view of uniting them
by driving in tbe autumn.
8
doz. bunches
0
Oniona
per
doz. 2 0
Beet,Ked
0 0
Bees {Prospcro). You
pickling
quart
of
Autumnal
Care
ask, " Is there anything I
Broccoli
tjuudle 0 0
sieve
Parsley....
0 0
to now
Bruasela
about my bees? they are very strong and
Sprouta
can
Jifeieve0 0
especiallyattend
doz.
"
Parsnips
2 0
doz.
1
10
keeping Cabbage
Beedo better than extract the following from our
active." We cannot
Peas
0 0
quart
Tf^lOO 0 0
Capsicuma
for the Many :"" " Now, as early swarms
appear to be so very
buahel
Potatoea
0
0
bunch
0
6
Carrota
be asked, What
the most
of insuring
desirable, it may
are
likelymeans
do.
5
0
C 0
doz.
Kidney
Cauliflower
them ? And, in reply to this question, we would
the stocks
say, Leave
Radiahea
doz.bunchea
1
2 0
bundle
Celery
of each hive weighing, at least, Coleworta..doz.
rich in sture in the autumn, the contents
8
Rhubarb
bundle
6 0
bunches
doz.
1 0
Savoys
rous
each
0
from 20 to 25 lbs.,and let the population also of each hive be very numeCucumbers
basket
9ea-kale
0 0
doz.
0
weik
hives into it. Where
the bees from
pickling
so, add
; if it be not
2
SbaUota
lb.
0 0
doz.
Endive
have been hived
second and third swarms
by themselves they will generally
0
buahel
0
'Spinach
bunch
0
Fennel
with feeding ; and
be found too poor to live through the winter,even
0
0
Tnmatoea
doz.
lb. 0
Garlic
where this has been done, they may be put two or three together. Those
bnnoh
0
bunch
0 0
Turnips
Herba
who
have been so fortunate as to get their glasses filledwith
persons
E
.doz.
8
0
"Vegetable Marrows.
bundle
Horseradish
....
recommend
be preparing to take them off; but we would
hont-y will now
to do it with great caution, and not
only fir^t to weigh the
everyone
matter
well in their own
minds, but also to weigh their hives, and if it
POULTRY
MARKET."
July 12.
can
be satisfactorily
proved that they will contain 20 lbs. of honey each
tendency, the supplyiacreases,and tho
Prices with us have downward
let the
are
when the
but if
or box
all
"

"

"

..

glasses

remain
as

soon

as

removed,

well;

the stock hive until the bees

have
this is ascertained let it be removed."

upon

glass
not,
emptied it of its honey ;

Stocks
Queens Piping" Uniting
{A, B.)." Piping does occasionally,
althouKh rarely,occur
prior to the issue of a firstor prime swarm, but in
we
euch a case
should suspect that a young
queen had already escaped,
and
matricide.
Stacks that are
intended
to be
probably committed
uuited in autumn
be located in close proximityto
shoald, if possible,

demand

falls off.

Largo Fowls
Smaller
Chickens

ditto

Ducklings
Goslings
Pheasants...,

2
1
2
5

d.
B.
G to 8
2
0
1
6
0
2
0
6
0
0

Picreons
Habbits
WUd
ditto
Hares
Guinea
Fowl
Glrouse

0
1
0

0
0
0

JOTTENAL

42

HOBTICDLTUKE

OF

AND

COTTAGE

GAEDENEE.

[ Jnly 20, 1871.

beneath
the ekin ; it is jaioy and
bricks and run with cement so as to fillthe joints. This is a
centre, and with orimfon
it is dried the tank is cemented
good plan. When
brisk,with a slightApricotfltvonr.
about half
inch thick,includingthe sides,1 foot
form the subjectoJ
In conclusion,the two varieties which
an
up the walls all round
In fig.2, d is the cemented
this article will,I think,be considered by most Strawberry- as well as at the bottom.
bottom,
kinds,and, as such, c the tank with the cemented sides. The concrete and cement
growers as being improvements on existing
both
and
is
1
foot
in
in
under
and
the
the
trial
of
deep,
depth of the tank is the same.
The
deserving
pots
open ground
tank is covered with flags,
whether
slates will do, the ends restingon
or
forwardingbe the objectin view.
(ilass,
forcingor mere
far from thinking the walls,the jointsbeing left open.
Notwithstanding what I have stated,I am
On these are
laid from
can
be made
6 to 9 inches of rubble for drainage,and then the soil e.
farther steps in advance
in raisingnew
that no
For
givingvapour to the atmosphere there are slides in the walls
varietiesfrom seed, with the view of obtainingin the long run
shall
the
to
fullest
extent
of
the
which
come
that
tank
next the path ; they are best of iron.
a Strawberry
bricks
up to
Slidingairanswer
well ; they may
be put in at every 2 feet,and
standard of excellence which comtietent judges have laid down
De
J.
Brussels.
can
be
Jonghe,
shut
will.
for many
or
they
at
opened
years.
p.g.
I have delayed sending this article till the present
the ground plan and section
Figs.3 and 4 are respectively
of a lean-to house, with a short lightat the back.
time in order to assure
tions.
myself of the accuracy of my observaThe house
I think English growers who have the two Strawberries
the
referred to will confirm, if they have not already
proved,
"

I have

truth of what

advanced."

TANK-HEATED

J. De

J.

CUCUMBEE

AND

MELON

HOUSES.
with
conversant
Cucumber
and Melon
culture
noted the greatervigourof the plantsin dung-heated
plants grown in houses in which hotas compared with
water
suggested some
pipes supply the bottom heat. It was
that bottom heat from
I believe first by Mr. Eendle
time ago
nearest
heated
was
the
tank
of
water
a
approach to the genial
"warmth of fermenting leaves or dung; for whilst it aiJorded
it was
the necessary warmth
accompanied by vapour, as in the
of fermenting materials, which is essentialto successful
case
plant-growth.Though the principlehas met witti general

Fig.

Everyone

must
beds

have

top

heat

\afig.1

is

given by

four

"

"

the tank.
It need not be
than 3 inches, and if the
is to circulate 2 inches
water
will be snfiicient ; but as the
volume
of water is considerable
and the circulation in such cases
it follows that the temperature
sluggish,
more

of the material employed and the expense of replacingit.

pense
am
a believer in the
system, and see nothing but the exits generaladoption; and the cost is not after
to hinder
than
the
of
chamber
that
nishing
all very much
greater
system of furbottom
heat, the only difference being making the
tanks of wood and others of
chamber
watertight. 1 have seen
out

wear

out, and

are

formed of masonry
and cement.
Fig. lis the ground plan of a

more

costlyat

first than

Cucumber
span-roofed

flows and
above the other,in
the pathway/; whilst in fig.
4
there are two in front (ft),
and
two in the pathway i.
Now
to the depth of water
as

pipes,two

in

tank system of heating has been adopted to only

where it has been tried it has after a time
a limited extent ; and
to the wearingfallen into disuse, owing, in a greatmeasure,

zinc, but they soon

hot- water

returns, one

the
approval,

one

3.

is similar in all its arrangements to that represented

in Hgs.1
and 2, therefore the same
references apply to all. The

will vary at times considerably

I consider it
: hence
to have
water sufiSpreferable

Fig. 4.

cient to just cover,

or
barely
two 4-inoh hot-water pipes,which I would placein each
would
of
The
course
water
dotted
the
lines.
tank, as shown by
intended to circulate,but then we
be deeper than if it were
uniform
regulateit to a
gain a more
temperature and can
nicety; whereas,if it circulates,the water must pass into the
boiler ere it can become
warmed throughout the extent of the

cover,
or

w/Mm'/M!K'^//y^2!m"!ii'.','j/7^i^

be
must be valves on the flows, so that the water can
to circulate in the tanks only, or in the pipes in the
or
together. Of the boiler I
walks,working them separately
need say nothing. I have had the working of a great many,
to
and have come
to the conclusion that there is not much
choose between
them ; but I stillhold to the tubular class,and
have come
to look on
wrought iron with favour. I thought it
There

made

Fig. 1.

shown
by the section,
/(;.2. The external
walls,o, are 14 inches thick, and the internal walls,6, 9 inches, something to have a boiler not likelysoon to wear out, as one
brick,thick. These walls should have a good foundation, of cast
or
one
iron,but I find such do wear out as soon as a well-made
firm.
The
tank is shown ate; it
that they may remain
so
wrought-iron boiler,whilst the latter for heating quickly is
vastlysuperiorto a thick cast-iron boiler. There are tubular
boilers which will burn any and every kind of fuel,and they
and are not fettered
than a saddle boiler,
take up no more
room
by a patent. They are made of wrought iron rivettedtogether,
of those in tubular boilers geneand the tubes are the reverse
rally,
the fire being where the water is in others ; in fact the
and
not
does
run
fire goes straight
through enclosed by water,

Melon

house,

as

the fire to drive more

round
tubes of water, which only cause
quicklyto the chimney.
i
,,
j
Heating by tanks is very important to the horticulturistand
ested
interbut little practised
; I should,therefore,be gladif those
.

"

therein would favour

G. Abbey.

ns

with their views and

"

experience.

Fig. 2.

should have

good foundation of concrete, 6 inches of rough

stone being placed at the bottom
and rammed
hard, and on
that 2 inches of finer material run with lime, it being best to
after
it
on
it has been mixed with lime riddlings
and made
lay
soft. This laid on 2 inches thick and level,
with
over
sprinkled
gravelthinly,and rammed
firm, will, when it dries,form a
Some, to prevent sinking,lay with
good bed for the cement.

LAYING

I HAVE
fourteen

given

DOWN

BROCCOLI.

practicea fair trial,having for the last

some
plants standing as they grew by way
I have found layingthe best plan. Out of

this

years left
of comparison,and
three hundred
Broccoli so treated last winter I did not lose
left as they grew I lost all but
thirty,and out of one hundred
the same result.
In the winter of 1860-61 I experienced
ten.

July 20, 1871.]

OP

JODBNAL

HOBTICOLTUEE

AND

COTTAGE

43

GABDBNEB.

also several
There
are
always killedwith me till but far exceeds it in productiveness.
Snow's Winter White Brooooli was
winter,when it was all saved in consegueuoe of its being sub-varietiesof it,but mostly having local names.
The garden is in a very low position, Jones's Hop is an earlyvarietyand a great cropper, but its
laid down.
accidentally

last

exposed to spring frosts,damp, "o. ; in winter frost cuts

down the shrubs to the ground. W. Neavb, Gardener to Eev,
Diss.
C. E. Manning, The Rectory,
"

HOP

ORNAMENT

FOR

CULTIVATION

No.

USE."

AND

have been found fault with of late

trying as an experiment
years ; nevertheless it is well wonh
and
other
in gardens
places,for its eariiness might perhaps
other Hops might not.
enable it to perfectitself where some
Many growers have a few of it to enable them to begin picking
some
with, and for a like reason
grow a few of a kind called
ColgateHops, which is later than all the others, and though in
in the brewhouse
qualities

5.

some
respects resembling the Golding in requiringlong poles,
it is much
inferior to that variety. It is,however, very hardy,
Until a few years ago Hops
Gkown.
QuANTiTT OF HopS
the best climber
not
but
less
not
somewhat
stickingso closelyto the pole as
were
charged with an Excise duty amounting to
of duty payable being some
others,and when it does reach the top and become loaded
than 2d. per pound, and the amount
vented
known
after the crop was
secured,buyers and sellers with Hops, it sometimes slipsdown ; but this can easilybe presoon
where the plant is grown for ornament
by stickinga few
could tell exactlywhat
weight of Hops had been produced.
is
so
haps
to the probablequantitywas
largely nails in the poles,or something of that kind. The plant peras
Indeed, speculation
the prettiest
of all the varieties of Hop, being more
evenly
entered into while the crop was
growing that it has been said
and
bottom
the
loaded
with
branches
from
it.
upwards,
the
bearing
was
wagered on
Hop duty as would pay
as much
money
to thiive well in the
under crop, and
of acres
requiringa 14 or 16-feet pole, It seems
The Excise returns gave the number
district eastward of Tanbridge Wells, and extraordinary
crops
in each district of the
the yieldper acre, as well as the amount
have been sometimes produced. In the same
neighbourhood
of acres
in the kingdom varied from
collection. The number
in
the BrenohleyProlific Hops are also much
fact,
the
grown, and,
45,000 to upwards of 60,000,and it is believed that now
duty is abolished there are from 65,000 to 70,000 acres under have spread themselves almost everywhere. This varietymore
confiue
its
resembles
the
it
does
not
growth
Grape Hop, only
Hops.
much
The polesmay be about the same
height,
so
to the head.
The home-grower, however, has the terror of the foreign
producer,
and the fact of some
of the continental Hops being equal and the plant in other respects may be described as resembling
other varietiesof
There are many
that varietyin many
to the best of the home-grown, and the less expense which the
ways.
with only local names.
will probablykeep pricesfrom
Hops, some
foreignerincurs in cultivation,
of the
The
cultivation
CuLTivAiioN
OF
THE
done.
Gkound, "o.
ever
again attainingthe figuresthey have sometimes
Advantage is
are
ground is almost invariablytiiected by hand.
AmongBt Hops of foreign growth those from Bohemia
taken of frostyweather in wintsr to carry out to the garden
the Bavarian ; the Belgian and
esteemed
the best,next come
the
what dung is wanted, and this,being spread,is dng when
American
being both inferior. Prom inquiriesmade it appears
called a
weather is favourable with a three-prongedfork,locally
which
that these countries are not exempt from the misfortunes
often
thought
the home-grower has eo often to contend with,and it does not
spud. This spud is a formidable tool,and I have
that the Hop crop can
be looked upon
heavy,generallyweighing from 8 to 9 lbs. The
anywhere aa it needlessly
appear
flattened
the
Wheat
and
other
wedge-shaped,
Countries
are
points
usuallysquare,
so
things.
prongs
great a certaintyas
and the socket-handle,
which contains a considerable weight of
than those named
found not to answer, and the
are
warmer
But heavy and
later parts of Great Britain and other countries have not a
iron, is very much bent crane-necked fashion.
to it look
to be, those accustomed
to ripen this precariouscrop.
Besides, uninvitingas the tool seems
long-enoughseason
with in ironmongers'
with contempt on the steel digging forks met
that Hops
being wanted, it is not likely
only a certain quantity
the
all
done
their
work
is
piecewe
be grown
by
shops ; and as
can
anywhere with profit,
except on such soils and
to
must not criticisetheir tools too much, since they manage
situations as produce them of good qualityor in abundance.
Trials resultingin failures have been made in other placesin
dig Hop gardens for from 15s. to 18s. per acre, and sometimes
also dug with the same
tool,and,
are
Not long less. Orchards in tillage
England than those where Hops are mostly grown.
whatever may be said of its ugliness,there is no question but
his
ago I met a gentleman from Gloucestershire who lamented
the light steel
it to the superabundance of insect life, it is more
suitable than a spade. Whether
bad luck,attributing
which
he thought might not be so great had there been a
tion
diggingfork of our best factorymake is not as good, is a quesin the
will answer
which
I think a future generation
of Hop plantationsin his neighbourhood instead
large number
How
of only one.
far this doctrine may be correct I am
affirmative
The cultivation of the Hop, however, is not confined to one
nnable to say, but I would not advise anyone to embark
in the
has the bine been tied in May than a
speculationon a largescale without maMng himself master of digging,for no sooner
termed
its details;while as an ornamental
sort of scuffler,
a
nidgett,is called into requisition.
plant of the first class,and
This
has
six
or
more
for purposes of experiment,I would advise all who
have the
teeth,with a sort of flat shoe
implement
and
the
of
is narrow
at
enough to work in the
or
two.
from
means
to try a Hop plant
Its beauty, apart
points
each,
is put to it,and with a boy to lead
when
entitles it to a
the interest attachingto a plant of such utility,
a lighthorse
alleys,
several times to
and a man
to guide,the ground is gone over
is all that is known
place in many districtswhere its name
render it as fine as possible; but if it should be too rough or
of it.
roller
either a narrow
stubborn for this implement to take effect,
Vakieties. Into the varieties of Hops it is not an easy
I put is run between, or the largeclods are broken by hand, and then
matter to enter,for a very experiencedgrower, to whom
the nidgett is applied. Weeds, of course, rarelyappear till
a short time
the question
there are
as
ago, assured me
many
when this operationceases, and as they are
as there are
days in the year ; but a few of the most popular later in the season
That which produces the most valuable generallyannual weeds, they are thought not to be of much
Boita may be named.
which I believe
Hops is unquestionablythe Golding, a variety
account, and are lefttillafter the crop is gathered. Sometimes,
the ground
broadcast over
originatedabout Canterbury,a fertile valleya few miles to the in fact,a few Turnips are sown
of
that
about
the beginning of August, and although they are much
south
citybeing called the Golding valley,although I
believe the kind was
named
at Hop-pickingtime, a useful pieceof sheep
after a grower
of the name
of trampled upon
is not general.
in Kent.
It is a tall-growing
feed is provided. This practice
Golding, which is a common
one
Manures
of various kinds are
applied,and one of the most
and requirestall poles. It is thought
Hop, likes a dry situation,
a
or
so
liable to mildew than other kinds,and it never
being
to be more
pailful
duces popular is night soil,used in summer,
prosuch heavy crops as the Grape and Jones's variety,
applied at
but it given to every hill ; even
yard dung is sometimes
hills.
the
scattered
is
much
over
this
often
commands
a
higher price in the market, and is extensively
guano
season, and very
"

"

"

"

used that have not the

are
cultivated in the best Hop-growing districts of Kent.
In winter all kinds of manure
There are several varieties of it ; one of the most recent is said
fers
reputationof being made up, for the Kentish Hop-grower prewhether
earlier than the original. The next most
truly
to be much
a simple article to a mixed
one, suspecting,
popular
varietyis the Grape Hop, a shorter but more
proUfickind,in or not, that the latter contains but httle that is valuable.
which the individual Hops, beinglargerand mostly clustered at There are, however, few things that have the reputationof
the top,presenta fine mass
that have not been tried waste
fish,London
to look upon.
The produce per acre
being manure
has occasionally
of this variety
refuse of all kinds,woollen rags, wool and cotton waste, blood
exceeded 80 cwt. It is extensively
other articles have all been
of Kent and in Sassex,and succeeds
grown in the Weald
guano, and a hundred
manure,
The fact of the Hop
better on the stiS lands of those counties than the Golding. 1 tried in turn, and with varied success.
'
the bine when cut is
"

It is not,however,of such good

as that famed variety.producingbut littlemanure

quality

(although

44

JOUENAL

crnBhed
up
all the more

OP

HOBTICULTUEE

AND

COTTAGE

GAEDENER.

[ jQly 20, 1871.

in the

farmyard)renders something of the kind be excluded as much as possibleby means

of straw hurdles,or
necessary, and in this respect there is no lack of a thatchingof reeds, straw, or heather. If the bed has been
enterprisein the Hop-growers,
large sams
being paid yearly exposed to the influence of the extraordinarysuccession of cold
for such manures.
nights and dull showery days peculiar to this season, it is
Shelter from high and destructive winds is of greatimportance,most probably so sodden with moisture as to afford no
heat,
and as the most
hurtfal are from the soath-west,the force of and, in fact,precisely
in the worst possiblecondition for either
those from that direction must be broken if no natural shelter promoting healthy
root action or
maintaining a livelysteady
exists.
met
High hedges are sometimes
with, and I think
both highlyimportant and necestemperature in the box itself,
sary
trimmed
some
be
hedgerows in the parish of Loose mast
conditions to successful Cucumber
culture.
40 feet high ; but it sometimes
happen some
corner
or side of
If upon examination
it be found that the plants have some
a Hop garden is exposed by the
cutting away of a coppice or
much
of the sour
as
soil as it is possible
healthy roots, remove
other cause; in this case
some
is often
a
to do without
of the roots, and cover
temporary screen
them
damaging many
erected by settingup a row
of tall naked
Hop poles,touching with a slightlayerof rough sweet turf. If there is none
partly
each other,and one
tied horizontally
to them on the leeward
which
is
from
some
decayed,
best, pare
thinly
any well-exposed
side about 8 feet from the ground affords the means
of fixing meadow.
Thin
the vine, cutting away
out
all the weaker
brace poles to keep the whole up.
Sometimes a sort of basketgrowth, and retainingonly a very few of the strongest shoots,
work
hurdle,made of hazel rods and tied high up a row of with the tops pinched ofi ; then remove
much
as
as
possibleof
poles,is used, and sometimes a row of a common
kind of Hop
the outside of the dung-bed, and apply a lining of fresh hot
is planted to serve
and
the
a
in
line
as
a
screen,
poles put
dung, taking care to exclude all rank steam from the interior of
about a foot apart. Occasionally,
likewise,two rows of poles the box. Shade slightly
it the plantsdroop at all,
and exercise
are
placed in a sort of chevaux de frisefashion,only instead
caution in watering. So treated,
healthy plants will fillthe
of each being at an angle of 45",they are
at one
of about 80"
turf with roots in a few days ; then add more
turf,but not too
with the ground, and Hops are
or
so
them.
on
The
much
at a time, layingit on roughly and unevenly,so that the
grown
Colgate Hop, being a tall hardy variety,is often employed in
this way, and
with good results.
As shelter even
for the
gateway to the garden is often thought necessary, if the gute
is to the windward
of the means
alluded to are
side, some
adopted. J. Eoeson.

air may

easilypenetrate it on all sides,and as the roots increase

supply them with liquidmanure
freelyand frequently,giving
air as freelyas the temperature will admit, and you should

have no further difficultiesabout the crop.

Cucumber
failures are
more
frequentlyowing to the use of
impropersoil than is generallysupposed. As I stated a short
time ago, the plantsmay flourish for a time, and even
produce
EOSES
AT
THE
JERSEY
EXHIBITION.
fine fruit,
some
but as the soil settles down into a close sodden
Having
just returned from a trip to the Channel Islands, inert mass, so surelydoes barrenness ensue, or if sense fruit do
perhaps you will kindlypermit me to say a few words upon the appear, they are under-sized and misshapen and what is so
;
Exhibition
recentlyheld in Jersey. It appears to have been a tantalising
with this state of things is that the
in connection
than its most
so
more
great sneoess, much
sanguine supporters plantsremain apparentlyas healthy as at first,
and even
tinue
concould have hoped.
tention
My object,however, is to draw the atfresh growth. All kinds are alike ; I have
to make
even
of your readers to what I, as well as many
others, seen
that wonderfullyfree-cropping
variety,Masters's Prolific,
consider a glaring omission
in the award
of the Judges. It almost without
and yet lookingas healthyas possible.
fruit,
founded on the Summer
was
Rose
appears that this Exhibition
EUWAED
LucKauESi.]
Show, yet, notwithstandingthe fact that the Eose-growers had
to keep back their Eoses
from floweringa month
later than
their natural time in order to meet
the wishes of the Committee,
ROYAL
SOCIETY.
HORTICULTURAL
and the Eoses shown
of a very superiorquality,
were
medals
no
of any descriptionwere
July
given to successful compe19th.
titors
in this department. This could not arise from want of
This was
only a minor Show, and held in a tent on the croquet
Toueist.
iunds, neither could it be from want of merit.
of the
ground ; still,
though it did not attain the dimensions of some
"

"

"

earlier
on

CUCUMBER

FAILURES.

I HAVE
SO often given opinions and
tendered
advice to the
leaders of the Journal that I may fairly,
I hope, ask for opinions
and advice in return, and trust some
of the able gardenerswho
contribute to its columns
solve my difficulties too late,I
can
fear,to do me any good this year, but not too late to benefit
for another season.
me
I have grown Cucumbers
for a greatmany
years in the same
that is, in a common
plainhomely way
dung frame of two
and have never
had any difficulty
I am
lights,
; but this year
completelyfioored. I have not deviated in the least from my
practiceof former years. I had good plants,planted them in
good time, and they have grown uncommonly well. There is
of disease of any kind; the leaves are large and
no
symptom
perfectlyfree from thrips and green fly; the fruit sets well,
night
grows to about 3 inches in length,and there remains for a fortor
ten days. It does not damp off immediately, but
Now
ultimatelydoes so.
why is this? "Perhaps you allow
bine."
too much
Well, I cut it out very hard, and when my
had a look at it he said, " Try to let
neighbour Mr. Woodford
it run
it likes." I did so for a while, but no better success
as
attended this. In fact I am
completelybothered, and no one
who has seen
it can
a
or propose
suggest a cause
remedy. If
there were
disease or unhealthiness
I could account
for it,but
these
do
as
not exist I am
Will Mr. Fish, or Mr.
quiteat sea.
other
or
of
friends
?
me
Luckhurst,
some
D., Deal.
our
help
"

"

"

is by no
I have
one.
means
a solitary
thing frequently,and in a variety of
Look to the soil. I am
inclined to think it will be
found to have settled down
into a close mass,
containing a
superabundance of moisture,and with the roots in a state of
gradualdecay. In a wet cold season like the present,oare should
be taken to maintain
of
a lively
heat in dung beds by means
from which the cold chilling
showers should
frequent
linings,

[" D., Deal's,"case

experienced the same
Beasons.

one

Of

the quality
was
exhibitions,
of the most sultrydays of

Carnations and
were

not

Picotees

numerous.

good,and
the season,

there

Mr.
Colonel

was

the
was

fine

attendance,although
Ukewise

good.

show, though

Turner, of Slough,was

the competitors
first for

Merryweather,
Wyndham,
Sarah Payne,Annihilator,FalCowper,King John, Purity,
Juno, Antonio, Kentish Volunteer,and a seedlinfj.Mr.
conbridge,

twelve

Carnations

with

James

William

Norman, 98, Crescent Road, Plumstead, was second,and Mr. Hooper,

Widcombe
Hill,Bath, third. The prizes offered by the Metropolitan
taken
Floral Society
were
by Mr. Pizzey,
gardenerto E. Perry,Esq.,
and
Mr. Norman, the former
Merryhaving .Tuno,James
Slough,
weather, Sir R. Peel, Count Pauline, Mars, Earl Stamford. Splendour,
Sarah Payne,Royal Scarlet,Antonio. Prince Albert,and Eccentric
Delihad Sir David
Wood, Premier, Splendour,
Jack. Mr. Norman
Juno, Falconbridge,Poor Tom,
cata, Dreadnought, Black Diamond,
For twelve Picotees
Sarah Payne, Robert Bowles, and James Webb.
lings
of Master Norman, and seedfirst with fine blooms
Mr. Norman
was
Purity,John Norman, Morning Star, Edith Ingleton,Charles
Williams, Esq.,Prince Arthur, Miss Davies, John Dixon, Mrs. Ai
was
William
cond
seand Mrs. Garrett. Mr. Turner
Ingleton,
Ingleton,
with largeand fine blooms of Christie,Mrs. Fisher,Miss Turner,
Empress Eugenie, Mr. Tutton, Gem of Roses, Admiration, Purity,
Third came
Mr. Hooper,Bath,
Lord Valentia,and three seedlings.

The
first
Metropolitan Floral Society's
also with excellent blooms.
and Mr. Pizzey.
to Mr. Norman
and second prizeswent respectively
had among
others General
The
former
Tulloch, Mrs. Brown, Mrs.
alreadynamed.
Delaforce,Prince Arthur, and other seedlings
from Messrs.
The onlycollectionof six Phloxes in 8-iuch pots came
in
beantiful
bloom for such smalland
"
were
Laird,
Downie,
Laing,
sized

pots.

The

varieties

were

Monsieur

Saison, brilliant

crimson

Mitchell ; Pladda, white,purpleeye, very fine ; George Wyness,

lilac,large; Mrs. Taylor,blush ; and Captain Speke. A collection
in 12-inch pots also came
from the same
firm,forming magnificent
of bloom.
masses
in 12-inch pots,the plantsnot to
Prizes were
offered for perennials
Mr. Parker,of
exceed 2 feet in height. There was onlyone exhibitor,
with specimens
beautifully
Tooting,who took a well-deserved firstprize
James

grown
mass

and flowered,including
Campanula carpatica,forming quitea
rich deep yellow; Oenothera
of blue bells ; Coreopsis
lauceolata,

i venusta, sulphuryellow; Calystegia

pnbescensflore-pleno
; Trades-

OF

JOUBNAL

July 20. 1871.3

HORTICULTURE

cantia virginica
rubra, splendidcolour ; Veronica maritima alba,
and Betonica birsuta.
Armeria plantagmea,
of several
miscellantious
Of
groups Messrs. Veitcb bad one consisting
andotber new
kinds; new
handsome Palms, DracEena porpbyropbylla,
Saccolabiums, Dendrobium
Crotons,fine specimensof Cypripediums,

spike,Ongonia
Becalifornica,
cidium obryzatum, andotber Orchids; Darlingtcnia
of
Lilium
auratum.
Sedeni,Lapageriaalba, and several pots
New Zealand
seut fine specimens of the vaiiegated
Mr. Wiiliama
Flax,
Yucca
Dasylirion acrotricbum, Alocasia zebrina, Draquadricolor,
farleyeuse,upwards
plants;Adiantum
csenas, and other fine-foliaged
of a yard in diameter ; Hymeuopbyllum demissum, Todea
superba,
Orchids
Miltonia
Tricbomanes
Lescbenaultiana ; and among
specta-

BensonisB,Grammatopbyllum Ellisianum

witb

an

immense

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

45

and White Lisbon Onions, Salsafy,

Scorzouera,Celery,
Beet, Shallots,
Globe
and

Artichokes,Turnips,Potatoes,VegetableMarrows, Asparagus,

Broccoli.

Floral

Committee.

Mr. J. Eraser in the chair.

"

Mr. Z.

Stevens,

the Duke
of Sutherland,Trentham. received specialcertificates
for fine examplesof Barkeria spectabilis
and Odontogiossam

gardenerto

haatilabium,the latter being a cut specimen. Messrs. Voitch, of

Griffitbianum majas,with a close penduChelsea,sent Dendrobium
lous
of delicate orange yellowflowers with a yellowlip. From
raceme
Messrs. Jacob-Makoy" Co.,Liege, came
Tillandsiaplatystachyscotu-

planata,but, when
class certificate.

we

M.

This received a firstsaw

it,without flowers.
Jean
Verscbaffelt,
Ghent, exhibited a dozen
Mexico
in 1870
ficates
and 1871 ; first-class certi-

Agaves, importedfrom
were
given for A.

example of CattleyaWarneri ; Thunia

Mescal
A. Regeli macrodonfoliiavariegatie,
Oypripediumsuperbiens. Besides these tha, A. elegantissima,
a
unnamed
kind, and a new
very handsome
of flowering
stove and greenhouse plants,
several fine specimens
"were
Mr.
W.
Wilson
to
Green,
Saunders,
gardener
species.
Esq.,sent
Cochlioatema
Jacobianum, to the beautyof which "we have
including
which were
several interesting
from Angola.,
a
plants,
among
plant
often before called attention,
together with other new
plants. Mr. a South African Rochea and Aibuca. M. Jean Verschaffolt also sent
to Lord Londesborough, sent a collection of Orchids,
Denning, gardener
in which were
a collectionof new
Broomii, very
plants,
Encephalartos
macranthum
in which Oncidium
was
conspicuousas forminga festoon beautiful,and. If
mistake
that which
Mr. BuU
as
not, tbe same
of its yellow and crimson
10 feet long,bearing twenty-nine
flowers, has several times exhibited without a name
a
new
speciesof Zamia
;
fine ; beautiful

bilis,very

alba, remarkablyfine

; and

new

we

each

Blumei
racemes.

little less than 4 inches in diameter.

Of Saccolabium
Mr
Denning had also a magnificent
specimenwith twelve fine
Oncidium
Lanceanum
and Dendrobium
The others were

only a

formosum,

beautiful purple;
Schilleriana,
Cattleya

very fine ;

Aerides

Huttoni, with spikesof rose-coloured flowers ; Stenia fimbriata,and

Messrs. E. G. Henderson
several specimensof Miltonia sptsctabilis.
and fine-foliaged
contributed a neat group of Palms
plants; and from
handsome
standard Orange
M. Jean Verschaft'elt,
a dozen
Ghent, came

Each
of tht^se
; and a species of Dicksonia.
certificate. In the same
collection were
first-class
Hechtia
with
and
from
St.
leaves,
rine's.
Cathea
purple-tinged
sanguinea
Cyathea
Mr. Laurence, gardenerto BishopSumner, Farnbam
Castle,

from

New

received

Caledonia

filiforme ever seen,

sent perhapsthe finest specimenof Dendrochilum
beingnearly2 feet in diameter,and tasselledall over with its peculiar
awarded
inflorescence. For this he was
a
certificate,aUo
special
Mr. Wendlaud, The
for a specimen of Maxillaria vennsta.
Royal
trees.
Marie Regina,
Gardens, Herrenbansen, Hanover, exhibited ^chmea
goniums
Mr.
collection of zonal PelarFrom
a
Mann, Brentwood, came
in colour
to no other Bromeliad, magnificent
which in splendouryields
Mr. Turner, of Slough,cut trusses of show Pelargoniums
; from
of them are.
The bracts are of the loveliest and deepest
of
as many
; from Mr. Hooper, Bath, stands of Carnations,Pinks, and
be blue.
rose
colours,and thj flowers will probably
Picotees ; from Mr. Bragg, Slough,Carnations,Pinks, Pansies, and
From
Messrs. E. G. Henderson
" Son came
several new
Lobelias,
of
cut blooms
Sweet Williams
; and from Mr. Shenton, Biggleswade,
very compact, and also
very dwarf, not exceeding3 inches in height,
Pansies,also rustic window boxes made of cork.
of flower.
dense masses
First-classcertificates were given for
forming
awarded.
were
Several extra prizes
dark blue^
Celestial Blue, pale blue,with a white eye, and Brilliant,
with a white eye.
ing,
PurplePrince was also fine in colour, free flowerand, if it will retain its hue, very desirable. Measrs. Carter " Co.,
Committee.
Fruit
G. F. Wilson, Esq., F.R.S., in the chair.
fine
; a
very
Mr. John Hepper, The Elms, Acton, sent good specimensof Veitch's High Holborn, sent a basket of Trichinium Manglesii,
musaica, and several Golden Tricolor
Giant
Cauliflower
from plantssown
Autumn
September 7th,1870, beautiful pan of Dichorisandra
of which Prospero
fine in colour,and Last of the
was
autumn
but for sumPelargoniums,
to show that it is not onlyuseful as an
mer
variety,
which would
be welcome
to
Clan
a well-coloured kind.
Mr.
Mr. Smith, gardener to the Earl of Gainsborough,
Exton
use.
a good
Carter's
raised between
Chapman, Earlswood, sent Invincible Blue Sweet Pea, violet,
Park, Oakham, sent
seedlingCucumber
bers,
kind ; Mr. Ley, Croydon,a Begonia,not very attractive; Mr. ChamMr.
Champion and Worcester Prize, but it was considered coarse.
gardener to J. Lawrence, Esq., Beddington,a golden-leaved
J. Jam"S, gardener to W. F. Watson, Esq Eedlees,Isleworth,sent
called Golden Gift ; and Mr. Woods, Claygate,
a
Pea called James's
seedling
a seedling
Prolific,
producinga largepod aud large Geranium
Mr.
scarlet Zonal.
Mann, of Brentwood, also sent several scarlet
The Committee
that it be sent to the gardento
recommended
peas.
Zonals, but none were judgedworthy of a distinction.
be tried alongwith other varieties in the collection next year.
Messrs. Paul " Son, Cheshunt, exhibited several boxes of very fine
Mr. Bland, gardener to Lord
Eilmorey,Isleworth,sent two dishes
also taking
firstcut Roses, for which theyreceived a special
of fine fruitof Grosse Mignonne Peached,to which a specialcertificate
certificate,
class certificates for Louis Van
Hontte
and Comtesse d'Oxford ; Mr.
Mr. Tillery,
of Welbeck, sent a collection of fruit conawarded.
"Was
sisting
certificate ;
dish of each
of one
BigarreauNapoleon, large,and very Cranston,of King'sAcre, Hereford,also received a special
Madame
Charles Wood
was
also good. Cockscomb
handsome ; Lucas Strawberry,
very fine. Messrs. Veitcb also sent stands,
; and Elruge
with one of Spirjeas
certificate.
Nectarine.
A specialcertificate was
awarded
special
to the collection. Mr.
together
; for the latter theyhad
S. callosa,
S. Douglasii,and S. ariaefoliawere very tine. Messrs.
William
Paul, Waltham
Cross, sent fruit of a seedling
Strawberry
White
w
hich
of
exhibited
Lobelia
It
we
Lee,
Hammersmith,
called Waltham
is
and
of
Perfection,
a good deep
handsome,
Seedling.
large
noticed before ; on this occasion itreceived a first-class
not quite have favourably
colour,which stains the flesh throughout
; the flavour was
certificate. The panfulof it,though grown in tbe open air,was
but the Committee
of opinion
that in a more
quite
able
favourwere
approved,
of milk-white
blossom.
Mr. Hepper,gardenerto C. P. MiUard,
a mass
it will prove an excellent variety.
season
of dwarf
Cockscombs
Mr. Bradley,of Litttledale,
Halam, sent a seedlingStrawberry,Esq The Elms, Acton, sent a number
very
much
"The Amateur," which was
admired, both for its size,colour, even, but not with large heads; Mr. Cunningham, Moor Park, Rickbut the
and flavour. It was
mansworth. Verbena White King,a very promisingvariety,
awarded a first-class certificate. Messrs. StanCommittee
to see the flowers on the plants; Mr. Macintosh,
dish " Co.,of Ascot,sent fruit of the Ascot Citronelle Grape,a very
required
with larger
Hammersmith,
Pelargonium lateripesgrandiflorum,
early varietyof Frontignan,with a high Frontignanflavour,and
flowers than the ordinary
remarkable
awarded
It
Ivy-leaved
A
apart from which
first-class
Pelargonium,
was
a
certificate.
piquancy.
attractive exhibition of Pines was
sent by Mr.
Miles, the plant would have deserved an award as a specimen. It had aremai'kably
ficates
of Enville, first-class certificate. Mr. Norman, Plumstead, had first-class certigardener to Lord Carrington,
Wycombe Abbey, consisting
of the
for Picotees Mrs. Brown
and Morning Star, and one
11 lbs. 4 ozs. ; Smooth-leaved
child,
Cayeime,7 Iba. 8 ozs. ; Charlotte Rothssecond
class
for
Holmesdale.
Mr.
6 Iba. 8 ozs. ; Queen, 5 lbs. 10 ozs.
Lady
Hooper,Bath, sent Picote"
They were all produced
from plants
certificate was
awarded
sixteen months old. A special
Lady-in-white.Fuchsia Sunray,from Mr. Milner,with the foliage
to
as

"

some

"

"

"

them.
Messrs. Rivers " Son, of Sawbridge
worth,sent a dish of a very large
and handsome
black Cherrycalled Bigarreau
Noir de Schmidt.
The
flesh was very firm and of excellent flavour. It was
awarded
a firstclass certificate. Mr. Fleming,of Cliveden,sent specimens of a
very
largeround white Fig,without any stain of colour in the flesh. The
fruit had been kept too long after beinggathered,and had become
mouldy. Mr. T. Sampson,Houndstone Nursery,Yeovil,sent a dish
of Applesof last year'scrop.
Mr. G. Lee, Clevedon,sent,but too late to be submitted to the
branches of Lee's ProlificBlack Currant,which
Committee,fruiting
received a first-class
certificate last year, and fullymaintained the
tben given to
highposition
Messrs.

the

variety.

diversifiedwith rose, had

first-class certificate.

G. F.

Wilson, Esq.,Weybridge,sent a beautifully-flowered

group of
been exhibited,
but
specimens,in fact,as have rarely
Council
he could not compete for a
of the Society's
beinga member
certificate.
aud
therefore
awarded
a
sisted
conwas
prize,
only special
I'hey
the largevariety
of Lilium
of the ordinaryvariety,
Icngiflorum
of the same,
and the variety
having the leaves edged with white ;
Lilies
"

such

of the same;
a Lilium
a
broughtby Mr.
tigrinum,
giantvariety
is
whose name
Robinson from the Rocky Mountains
; and one
Lord
Mr.
to
doubtful.
Denning, gardener
Londesborough,had a
L.
W.

specialcertificatefor

his

of Orchids.

fine group

Mr. Williams, of

HoUoway, exhibited Miltonia Warscewiczii,a prettylittle variegated

of other interesting
and a number
Ivy,Agave striata,
plants.

Carter " Co. offered prizesfor the best collectionsof

tables,
vege-

includingCarter's ImperialWonder and Laxton's Supreme

Lapstone
Potato.
Red-skinned
I am
made
to say in last
Peas,and Carter's Improved GarnishingParsley. There was only
one
exhibitor Mr. Miles, gardenerto Lord
Carrington,
Wycombe week's Journal,page 23, that 1 have under trial about twenty
and had excellent Cabbages,
Flourball,"o. ;" it should have
Abbey,who took the first prize,
Lettuces,roots each of Red-skinned
Broad Beana,Peas,Carrots,Student Parsnips,
Giant Rocca, been Red-skinned Lapstone,"c.
a kind,I believe,
Parsley,
solelyin
"

"

"

"

46

JOUBNAL

OF

HORTICULTURE

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

[ July 20, 1871.

It is more
raised here.
hands, and which was
hardy than
however, thoroughlyripen. The Currants,Raspberries,"o.,
old Lapstone, has stronger haulm, but short, and a pale are generally
E. F. S.,Stafford,
wanting. Wall fruit none.
skin, not unlike E-d-t-kinned FlourbaU
in colour.
It is
earlier than
the Pink-eyed Lapstone, or
early much
RedSPRING
FLOWERS.
eprontingLapstone, a varietyraised at the same
time as the
Bed-skinned
At a meetingof the Gardeners' Mutual
Lapstone. For hardiness and cropping theywill
held
Improvement Society
come
DeaVSf" standard,whilst of their qualityI at York, Mr. John Russell,gardenerand floristof Fulford Road,
up to *'!).,
remarks
hive great expectations. I hold the Lapptone to be the finest made the following
:
I want to draw more
attention to this class of flowers,
fied
satisas I am
qualityof Potato, and only wanting in hardiness,
and this I
if you could be induced
to do it a completechange might be
think I have secured both in earlyand late varieties. G. Abbey,
effectedin some
of the most charming productions
of Nature which
are
now
comparatively
neglected.How strange,and yet how true,
that though everyone seems
fond of them, they are so littleimproved!
ENTOMOLOGICAL
SOCIETY'S
MEETING.
have moved
backwards.
Improved! Nay, they positively
Take, for
The
last meetingfor the presentseason
held on the 3rd inst. at
was
of the loveliest famihes
of them all,the Stock.
one
instance,
There
Mr. A. R. Wallace, the President,
House, Piccadilly,
Barlington
being "was a time when you could see Bromptons growingin
a cottage
many
in the chair.
An
esteusive series of entomological
from
publications
of double flowers,
such as can
be now
garden with magnificentspikes
various continental and English societiesand authors was
announced
if ever, met with,and as to the Intermediate,
it seems
almost an
rarely,
as having been
presentedsince the preceding
meeting.
to find a good strain for love or money.
impossibility
Why is this ?
Mr. S. Stevens exhibited various speciesof insects
capturedduringa
Look at the Polyanthus.Many of the good varieties in the florists'
recent visit to Ireland,among
which was
the extremelyrare
Chltenius lists
such as I remember
Go back the same
now
are
thirty
years ago.
taken near
holosericeus,
on
Killaloe,
Lough Berg. Erastria Bankiana
with Dahlias,since the days of Springfield
Rival ; and with
period
in the same
was
flyingby hundreds
several
locality.He also saw
Geraniums, Garth's Perfection,or Gaines's King ; where are they
collectors who
confirmed
the capture of Notodonta
bicolora,having now ?
also
the
Wallflower.
Observe
Is it
Long,
long
ago, gone.
the uniquespecimen whilst stillalive in the bands
seen
of its captor.
better now
than when
we
were
niums
boys? Dahlias,Fuchsias,and GeraMr. Champion exhibited the fine and very rare Emus
hirtus (one of
in
their
who
are
have made
very beautiful
way, and it is you
the largeStaphjUnidre),
taken recentlyin the New
Forest under cow
them so.
But do you not think that if you and others of the same
of Hemiptera.
dung,and various new species
had paid as much
attention to these old flowers that they
profession
Professor Westwood
exhibited
the minute-book
of the old Entomological
my
the
red

"

"

"

"

would
have been long ago improved? It is marvellous
to see what a
Society,founded in 1780, now in the possessionof Mr. Drewitt,
changecan be effected in a garden by rightmanagement.
of Christ Church, Oxford.
Look at that prettyedgingof gold now to be seen almost everywhere.
Mr. Blackmore
exhibited a collection of insects recentlymade
in
One would
had been gilding
all the Boximaginean army of men
Fez and Tangiers by himself,including
the rare
Lucanus Barbarossa
the old green Feverfew,always had a taste for
edging. Its forefather,
and various Locusts,of which L. tataricus had
only occurred singly,livingin a
garden,but somehow its presence was not altogether
preciated,
apbut L. peregrinua had appeared in great swarms
exactlyas described

and it was
wherever
seen, only to be
ruthlessly
pulled-up
lyingon the seashore in heaps found
old
againthe next hoeingtime. What good was it? Certainly
of a machine
invented
description
kind of complaint,
ladies made a decoction of it to cure some
and that
in America, and used near
the Salt Lake, for destroying
these insects,
all.
of the younger
branches
of the family,I
was
Some
suppose,
of two moveable
and costing
75 dollars.
rollers,
consisting
thinkingthey had been green long enough, have done what people
The
Rev. W. H. Wayne sent some
stroyed
specimensof Strawberries desometimes do in political
matters, changed colour,and now the Golden
and
Carrots
by young Juli,
young
gnawed apparently
by the
Feather, or par excellence,
is the
Pyrethrum parthenifoUumaureum
larvae of a small two winged fiy,Psila Rosse.
Mr.
Herbert Druce
greatgun of the day.
exhibited several boxes of Butterfliesof great beautyand rarity
from
To my subject
of spring
flowers. I believe no small portion
of their

by the prophetJoel,their dead

for miles.
Mr. Dunning read

South America

Moth

; and

bodies

the

Mr.

Stainton a singularspecimen of the small

face of which was
stillcovered by the anterior
the shell of the chrysalis,
which, however, had not retained

A gentleman who
value is in tlie associations connected with them.
has spent most of his life in India,not long ago said to me,
Now,
I require
but I do not want
some
or
plants,
any of those longitioras

the
Botysfuscalis,

ot
portion

in it the antennae, which

Mr. Sydney Saunders

fullydeveloped.
communicated
a
monograph

"

were

of the

Strepsi-

or that
elegantissimas,

"c.

kind

of

thing; I should like some Wallflowers,

I understand them, but I do not know anything

Daisies,Pansies,
the bodies of bees and other Hymeabout those other confounded things." What
call rare plantswere
we
belongto the order Coleoptera.Mr.
no
clime. He bad seen
Nature adorned
noveltyto him in a warmer
Miiller exhibited leaves of Vines exhibiting
of yellow
great numbers
with everything
the most
but old English
and
fantastic
beautiful,
minute gall-making
Acaridse of the genus
spots,caused by exceedingly
flowers were
associated with his earliest recollectionsof childhood.

ptera,a group
noptera,which

of

parasiteswithin

he considered

Phytoptns.

to

spring

The Christmas
Rose is letting
the world see how well a plant
of various new
communicated descriptions
exotic
bloom
can
amidst frost and snow
Then comes
; it is a greatcuriosity.
he drew the distinctionbetween speciesas originally
the Aconite with its welcome
blossoms.
But, then,the Snowdrop,
yellow
created and local varieties or sub-species,
which
he considered
when
it comes
almost
sensation
causes
a
as
great
(and at a
might have been producedby modifications in the physicalconditions much
talks of the first
less expense)as the first baby ; everyone
in which certain individuals had been placed
was
; a view which
posed
opSnowdrop,yet no prizeflower is this for amateurs to put on their
by Mr. Jenner Weir, who expressed his entire disbelief in an
spectaclesto judge its merits a little humble
plant, but it tells a
a
term which ought to be discarded'from science I !
"original
creation,
tale of spring
had Nature,under Providence,placedit in autumn
; tlaough
Mr. Riley,the State Entomologist
of Ohio, who was
present as a
after the gorgeous flowers of summer,
it would in all probability
and whose
was
Tisitor,
warmly greeted,made some
obserappearance
unheeded.
Now
follow in quick succession the
been
have
passed
Tations on the dissimilar form in the clasping
of certain Butterflies
organs
Crocus,the singleAnemone, the Arabis. the Daisy,Ihe Pansy, and
which
to the Hesperiidae,
had latelybeen described
belonging
fine effectcan
be prohosts of others, which are old faces. What
a
duced
but also in
by Mr. Scudder,contendingthat not onlyin these insects,
the whole of winter with these
with the most trifling
expense
ihe Cicadffi,
the form of these instruments varied greatly
in individuals
few sorts:
The Golden
Bed
and Stachyslanata ;
Feather,
Spinach,
"of the same
He
also
his
of
State Reportson
presentedcopies
species.
! With justthese either in beds or
the Gold-edgeDaisy,and Cerastium
the insects destructive to crops in Ohio, and exhibited several boxes of
in cones, or hillocks thrown np, yon may make
a very gay appearance.
"nch insects.
Bnt you must have goodplants
readyto put out when theyare wanted.
Mr. W. H. Bates read a paper on the sections of CicindeUdie,
and
in July,
and of the latter
For this purpose the firsttwo should be sown
the genus Oxygoniaof Mannerheim.
on
"especially
divisions should be put in a few weeks beforehand.
or
Of
cuttings
should
in
Anbrietia grceca.
largequantities
flowering
plantsyou
grow
the blue Lobelia in its
LARGE
PRODUCE.
I have seen patchesof it this springrivalling

Professor Westwood

in which
PapilionidEB,

"

"

I HAVE
justcut a *' monstrons *' Lettuce,the length of which palmiest
A lovely
plantwhich everyone should get is Myosotis rupicola
; in
is 23 ioohes, circumference
19 inches,weight 2 lbs. 2 oz8.
I
it must
be grand. Alyssum saxatile compactum, too, is most
masses
have about six more
tied up, apparentlyof the same
size,more
effective in beds.
Of this and the Aubrietia
you may
grow hundreds
than one
hundred
of nearlythe same
size,and three hundred
from a shilling
packetof seed,and vriththese and the ImperialGoldwhich
have yet to prove themselves, but which
are
so strong finder,Trentham
Blue, Yellow, and White
Pansies, the different
that they promise to rival the one
I cut to-day. I may say
and other wellDaisies,
Wallflowers,
a few dozen
Polyanthuses,
Tulips,
time.

knovm thingsyon make a very gay show, but this onlyas a beginning.
tuce
that,with the exception of quite the outside leaves,the LetI do not expect all gardensto be made like Trentham
at once,
is good to eat all through,crisp,delicate,
in
and tender.
I am
told at Esorick Park the beds of Tulips
With
regard to the Knntii-h Invicta Pea, I bought a quart our own neighbourhood,
Pansies
this
worth
and
to
You
see.
springwere
goinga long way
from Messrs. J. Dickson
" Sons, of Chester,in the spring,and
where new
should walk round these places
tained,
springflowers can be obin February. I have now
Bowed
gathered seven
pecks from
have such an
nowhere
can
as
and,
perhaps,
opportunity
yon
the plantsit produced.
The Peas of Sangster's
No. 1 are only
Pick up any littlegem that you think may bo
Messrs. Backhouse's.
in the autumn.
justripe,although sown
made
effective in masses,
and do yonr best with it to get up a stock.
Fruit here is generallybad ; but by good fortune for a fortnight There are
others which are very beautiful the Hepaticas,
the
many
I have never
been without Strawberries ; theywill not, Gentian,AlpineAuriculas,Phlox frondosa,Nelsoni,and others,
but
"

July 20, 1871. ]

which yon cannot
none
get an odd
I

JOURNAL

OF

HOBTIOULTUBB

get a stock of at

plantor

think,too,if you

some

had

withont expense.
once
seeds of each.
beds

in

AND

If yon have

of

similar

which, by
character,

means

of the

powerful

ments

of The
JonKNAL or Hoeiiocltuke,
shall challengeand fix the attention of all persons interested
in such matters, or who are desirous to occasionally
disposeof
their superfluousgarden produce. As this would, doubtless,
be a very costlyand speculativeundertaking,could not something
and

ployers
lookinggayer
springyour emyour
not be so anxious to start bedding-oat bo early
; and,
remark
do not wish to touch upon this subject,
I may
by the
time to
way, that in small places
particularly,
you would have more
"collectyour stock of plantstogether
and to get them of a more
uniform
size,which is a very important
matter in hedding-out.
A very effectiveplantI omitted to mention is Omphalodesverna
; I
noticed some
grand clumps of it at Heslington Hall in earlyspring,of
a much
blue than the Forget-me-not. Ah ! I think I have
brighter
-not mentioned that before ; but if ten thonsand more
beautiful plants
bloom at the same
time, we cannot do without that. Shakespeare
"
Who dares to say there is nothing in the
flays, What's in a name."
came
of this Forget-me-not
! How
thousands of these flowers
many
than the Postmasterare
sent on their mission of love ! more
annually
tale.
It is an old flower,and
General knows of theytelltheir own
it is an old tale,and I venture to say both will be in existence as long
as
this world lasts. Will your Gold and Bronze Geraniums
last so

would

thoughI

47

QARDENBB.

COTTAGE

"

"

wide-spreadagency

be done

by

the

Horticultural

Royal

Society?

So many
disposeof the choicest productions
gentlemen now
of their gardens,that surely the Societywould not consider it
derogatory to its dignityto afford them and others greater
for doing so than now
facilities
exist.
Do not the permanent exhibitions of horticulturalimplements
in the arcades at South Kensington, and the nurserymen's
in the International
Exhibition,point the way? It
such plan were
adopted I think it should not be confined
but garden produce of a superior
to the Fellows of the Society,
it might prove
qualityshould be received from all,as, otherwise,
stands
some

hurtful to the market

gardeners.
Moreover, for such a plan to be successful there must be as
about your strain of Wallflowers,"c.,
will
as
and Cineraria ; grow the other spring full and constant
a
supply as the nature of the season
you do about your Primula
and your Verbenas
lowers as assiduously
Geraniums
as you do your
admit of,so that purchasers when
;
going to the market might
their
do
as
as
etudy
arrangement
tastefully you
bedding-out alwaysbe able to obtain what theywanted.
your
assert that before long you will
plants,and I most unhesitatingly
If a suitable buildingwere
provided,good taste would produce
if
for three or four months
realise a display
in earlyspringlittle,
such an
arrangement of the goods ofiered for sale as
inferiorto your best show in summer.
4inything,
would alwaysform an attractivesight. We should thus have a
In conclusion,
I have no doubt to many
of you, perhapsto most of
of Covent Garden ; for, if
market
without
the filth or clamour
You know books are not in a
you, all I have said is like an old song.
admitted, both they and greengrocers
generalway written for schoolmasters,thoughthey may refresh their costermongers were
make
their purchasesand
should, I think, be compelled to
whole
from them.
A parson
does not expect to reclaim
a
memory
them
if he has done one
remove
ceeded
"congregation
by a stated hour every morning, after which no
; he will tell you
good he has sucin his mission,and allow me
to add, if any one
remark I have
wholesale business should be done.
Respectablepersons would
made, or any hint I have thrown out be of the slightest
service to anythus be able to inspect the goods, and make
purchases, free
one,
be a
must
to enjoy a stroll through what
my time will not have been spent in vain.
from annoyance,
or
Edwaed
LtrcKHUEST.
prettyand animated scene.

long?
Now,

take

as

much

care

"

CO VENT

MONOPOLISTS.

GARDEN

What
we
requireto open the eyes of both buyers and sellers
SOCIETIES.
VILLAGE
HORTICULTURAL
of froit in the London
market
is positive
information
as to the
[We are so frequentlyasked to furnish approvedrules for
pricespaid and received for fruit,"C., at certain dates. I have
these societies,
that we reprintthose which follow.
They were
given the price charged in Covent Garden in May. A gentleman,
the result of the long and successful experience of the late
he rewhose letter I enclose,sends me
ceived.
a list of prices
the
and
of
Rev. Abner
Brown, founder
prosperous
manager
You will see he says for very superiorfruit carried by
"
at Pytohley,
shire.
NorthamptonVillage Horticultural Society,"
16s. a-pound ; in April 8s.,except
hand he received in March

Eds.]
when he obtained 12s. ; in May 6s. to 7s. I think you
their
of similar villageshave
that producers
Why
should not thousands
I receive,
find,judgingfrom information
active yonng
little
Most
one-fourth
considered
societies?
about
the
retail
of
parishes contain some
get
priceare not
afford a
badlypaid. It is when theyget less than this that they begin people who take delightin their gardens, and can
and then, and a few shillings
to grumble. J. E. Peaeson, Chilwell.
yearly(avery
day or two now
"
and healthful enjoyment,
few are needed)to promote such innocent
July 7th, 1871.
**
Deab Snt, Having read your articleon * Covent Garden Monopolists,'
of good, to themselves and
such advantageous means
and being,
like yourself,
with the pricesallowed to
disgusted
others ?
the producer,
I have sent you a copy of the account for forced Strawberries
will usually
It is evident that the rules suited to one locality
which I have sent to what is supposedto be salesman Al. The
Bat if
to another.
modification
to adapt them
require some
"fruitwas fine,and in market two hours after havingbeen picked,
as I
such societies are fullyto exert the beneficial influence of which
sent my man
up with each lot required.I also givethe pricein the
such
they are capable,a few broad and fundamental principles,
each morning. The
main avenue
of the market
fruit not being so
whatever be the minor
the following,
must not be overlooked,
fine as mine, and partly
to see half these prices as
stale,I fullyexpected
details
in my return.
adopted.
Those entered as seconds were
nothing but refuse,for
as that
The circle of neighbourhood should be so restricted,
which I have received more
than half the priceof fine fruit. I am
he will probablyhave to
an
each member
with whom
amateur, and not dependingon the produce. How those get on
may know
I cannot tell. I have onlybeen
who have to make a livingby forcing
from
each
compete, and that the distance of the show-room
at it two years, and have had good crops, but this has nearly givenme
home
will not requirehim to lose any partof
cottagemember's
sickener.
a
No doubt there aro hundreds like myselfwho will he his
show.
the
day'swork in bringing his specimens,or seeing
obligedif this evil can be removed, and a fair priceallowed to The
greatly
expressions," our parish," "our village," compriseso
4he producer. I remain, "c., George
Lee."
old-English and home ideas,that the expression " our
"
many
is the statement
The following
:"
of prices
to correspond with
advantageously be made
society,"may
1871.
Price in the
My price.
them.
Whatever be the limits fixed they should be steadily
Avenue.
March
29
10 ozs. best
adhered to; for the advantage of doing so will eventually
la. per oz
Sa. per oz.
1 lb. best
April 1
Is. per oz.
from breaking
overbalance
any temporary advantage resulting
8
4 lbs. best
12s. per lb
44s. per lb.
through them.
5
2i lbs. best
SSs.perlb.
,"
8".perlb
in order
The
exhibitors and specimens shonld be classified,
10
B lbs. best
Ss. perib
82s. per lb.
"
1 lb. small
cess
4s. per lb.
that those who have small or poor gardens should not feel suc12
j
1
lb.
best
lb.
88.
lb
82s.
"
per
per
hopeless,by being requiredto compete with such as have
i lb.seconds
Ss. per lb.
of gardening. By classification,
much
better means
17
necessarily
2J lbs. best
20s. per lb.
Ss.perib
24
4 lbs. best
who have no other garSs.perib.)
den
"
also,an opening is made for members
io,
t"
on.
12s.
to
20s.
SJ lbs. best
8s. per lb.;
and even
for
for a few flower-pots,
than a cottagewindow
1 lb. small
5s. per lb.
from
the
wild
flowers
who
have
nothing
beyond
school-children,
1
3 lbs. best
May
63. per lb
12". to 20s.
5
4i lbs. best
the lanes and hedges.
Co
7".perlb.\
"
f"."^P^^!'"*!
i lb.small
Ss.perib.
In order to prevent generaldisconragement, professional
3
lbs. best
J -^ ?'*".'"Rf*
8
6s.perlb. ^
"
should be restricted as to the
1 pnces
the
m
gardenerswho may be members
3 lbs. best
7s. per lb.
.,12
17
(Avenue. number and amount of their prizes. Their prizesshould be
H lb. best
7s.perlb./
for such specimens as requireunusual skill and opportunityto
One's first idea in connection
with an attempt to quash bring to excellence,and for which, therefore,there will be
each a mouojfioly
is to endeavour to start one or more
of snch members
establish- necessarilyfew competitors. The profits
"

once,
will
who

"

"

"

"

"

"

....

....

....

....

1,

....

....

....

"

....

....

""""

....

.1.

....

"

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

"

48

JOURNAL

OP

HOBTIODLTUEB

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

[ Jaly 20, isn.

and the judges are admitted

from the general stimulus givenby the
and left entirely
by themselves,
chiefly
of any of the specimens.
societyto gardening and flower-buying.
ignorant of who are the owners
The judges,
of cottage specimens,must be entirely Comparing each specimen with those only which bear the same
especially
the judgeaffixes a prizecard of the same
raised above the reach of suspicion; and that not only by percolour
sonal coloured ticket,
partiality to the best and second best of the sort ; and finallyexamines
character,but by such regulations as make
the
Tbe
be
of
to
the
or
to resame
number,
objectsought
variety
ward
impossible,
altogetherunlikely.
specimens bearing
lence
with
extra
some
evident efforts togained by villagesocieties is not so much the absolute excelprize (ifpossible)
do well,where the specimens have not attained sufficient excellence
of specimens, as a relative and growing improvement in
to deserve the prize competed for. After the judging
the quantityand qualityof food raised by cottagers,and in the
beauty and varietyof their flowers,and the tastefulness of their is over, the secretarybrings the show book ; the prizes are
There should, therefore,be some
of the number, in the proper column
means
provided entered, by means
nosegays.
posite
opwhere the
the specimen ; and the judgeslearn,for the first time,,
for rewarding evident efforts at improvement, even
who
have gained the prizes. The doors are
then opened to
actual qualityof the specimens will not allow them to be compared
with those of members
who have tried longer,or with
visitors.
tact and ability,
and which deserve and receive prizes
for
The prizesgiven are small,that they may be numerous
more
; and
the largestare adjudged lo those articles which are most
useful'
their intrinsic excellence.
The subscriptions
should be small ; both because
and most troublesome
The higheBtprizefor specimens
of cottagers
to rear.
their income is very scanty,and in order that the unsuccessful
is Is.,the lowest 3d. ; but those for allotments and gardens are
should not feel the loss of their subscriptionvery material.
from 4s. to 2s.
Tet some
It would
of such a villagesubscriptionshould be required,lest the feelingof
greatlyincrease the efficiency
that jewelof English character, society,
could it be made to bear upon largerand better gardens
independence and self-respect,
should be injuredby the prizesbeing felt to be alms.
as
stronglyas it does upon cottsge gardening: This would beA large number
the result of its funds being sufficiently
of small prizes is more
efficacious than
ample to allow a higher
amount
few
small
of
thus
scale
of prizes among
sum
can
of larger
the white ticket specimens than among
a
; for a
money
the
be spread iLfluentially
and
others
number
of
and
tbe
a
to
over
remove
larger
necessitywhich many of the
;
persons,
bfl mode
to encourage
improvement among a largervarietyof ordinary members
kindly feel and act upon, of returningtheir prizes. It is also evident that if the cottage members
produce.
be laid
in a parish are
the prizesmust
be few, unA jjartof each year's regular subscriptionsshould
less
very numerous,
aside as a fund, which, with the aid of occasional donations,
the cottage subscriptionsare
higher than 6d., which,
stock
have
of however, might
a
discouragingefiect in founding a new
may graduallyenable the Societyto provide an ample
materials for the shows.
Fourteen
dozen of platesand dishes, society.
with the Pytohlev Society'sname
ExpENDiTUKE.
The
printed on them at the
outlayfor each show consists of theA set of stages,consistingof long,greencost "3 9s.
penses
potteries,
prizes paid ; and the necessary allowances and triflingexfor those who
room,
painted shelves,and benches and frames, fittinginto each
give their time to preparing the showother, and forming, when
modious,
piled up, several platforms, commanaging the laborious part of the show, and clearing,
and yet easilyremoved, cost "9 15s.
of specimens, the
toons, the room
after. The
Chain fesgreater the number
devices
and
hands
will be required
t
he
more
Society'sname,
letters,
prizes must be given,and the more
crowns, loyal
amount
for decoratingwith
The
of allowance
to do the necessary work.
arches,ornaments, "e. (nearlyall of iron),
flowers ; frames to hold noeegavs, and cases
and expenses has ranged from 2s. in the autumn
show of 1837,
to preserve choice

Blionld result

"

which can
to lis. 6d. in the autumn
The sum
accumulated
The
show of 1848.
were
from time to time.
be devoted in prizesdepends upon
of these,and of printing,
for the use
of members, rethe general funds of the
peated
the show-day.
editions of the rules,circulars,
received at the door on
handbills,prize cards, year, and the money
Sometimes
Had
it been necessary, the
that year foran
"e., has been, in all,almost "30.
unexpected donation,not wanted
the
the
of
has
not
of
its
allowed
to
be given in
a
sum
attractiveness,
purchase
stock,
efficiency
Society,though
might
large
havB been preservedat even a smaller outlay.
prizes; or, on the other hand, a call for printingor other extra,
The specimen tickets used are pieces of pasteboard,Ij inch
to be divided below the average.
outlay,has reduced tbe sum
each side of which
is printed a number
in large In the spring show of 1837, sixteen prizesto ordinarymember"
square, on
cost 2s. 3d., and seven
to cottagers aod children cost 4s. 9J. ; in
figures;and the prize cards are similar pieces,about 3 inches
the springchow of 1848,twentj-five
"first prize," or "second
prize," or
prizesto ordinary members
square, with the words
each side. As there are three
cost 10s. 3d ; eightyto cottagers cost "1 19s 3d ; and twentyextra prize,""c., printed on
classes of members, and competitionmust
nine to children cost 9s. In the summer
be avoided between
shows
the number
there are tickets and
and amount
have been on
In the
the whole a trifle less.
specimens belonging to diffarent classes,
autumn
received thirtyshow
of white pasteboard,apof 1837, the ordinarymembers
prize cards of tliree colours : some
propriated
to the ordinarymembers; some
of red, for cottagers, four prizes,costing 13s. ; the cottagers and children twenty,
and flnmo
of grppu,
In that of 1848, the ordinary members
ceived
refor children ; each class of tickets being costing 15s. 9d.
different
series of numbers
urther distinguished
a
by having
fortyprizes,costing"1 Os. 5d ; the coitagersei|"htj-foor,
ments
Tbe
the allot"1 for six prizes among
costing "3 8s. (including
VIZ., JNoB. 1 to 49 ; Nob. 50 to 99, and Nos. 100 to 149.
tickets are
in parcels of twenty-five,
each ticket of a parcel
and gardene),
and the children thirty-one,
costing9*. 3d.
The whole yearlyoutlnyfor prizes and show expenses in 1837'
bearing the same
figures.
The show-book
is a quire of foolscappaper, stitched into a
(threeshows),was "2 7s. 6d. ; and in 1841 (threeshows),
"6 13s. 6d. ; in 1846 (twoshow:-),
it was
"7 16s. Id. ; and in
pasteboard cover, and renewed every year. It is so ruled on
each page as to have one
column
1848 (two shows), "8 19s. Id.
Tbe
for the number, one
for the
sums
expended in purchase
exhibitor's name, one
for the kind of specimen brought,and
of stock, "c,, were
tbe funds; the
made
to depend on

blossoms in water,
expense

"

"

where
the prizes are
afterwards
entered
opposite the
successful specimens. The
whole
of a member's
specimens
entered consecutivelyin the same
are
place,under his number
that
for
show ; and his number
depends on the order in which
be happens to arrive in the morning among
the exhibitors.
Snpnrnte pages are kept for the white, red,or green ticketed
one

specimens.
after school on the evening of the day before a
Iniui-iiintply
show, the stagesare raised,and the festoons,devices,arches,
with flowers,and fixed in their places. The
"o., ueouraieu
show
day, is,of course, a holiday to the scholars. In the
morning after the show day, the stages,"c., are removed and
stowed
is ready again for school at its
away, and the room
usual hour.
On the show day, after all the specimens have been brought
in and registered
in the show
book,they are arranged on the
stages; specimens of the Same sort and class being placed side
by side,and each bearinga ticket with its owner's number and
colour. When
this is completed,the show book is removed,

amount
so
employed in
"10 lis. Id. ; iu 1842,was
Boles

of

1837, was
8s. M.

Pytchley

the

"2

; and

5s. lid
iu 1846,

HoRTicnLTOiui.

; in
was

1839.

"10

was-

10s. 6d,

Society.

useful and ornamental gardening,

good cnlture of cottageallotments, and the keepingof bees ;:
for horticultural effortsmade
and specimens
raised in
by givinf^'
prizes
of members, tbe
the parish. It is supported by the subscriptions
of friends,and
the money
mission
donations
received at the doors for adshow days.
on
It consists of such inhabitants
2. The
Society.
of the parishassubscribe to its funds and agree to be bound
by its rules ; and is.
of three or four members, along with themanaged by a committee
be held ia
A
meetinir
clerpyman (beinga subscriber). general
may
tbe full of tbe year, for accounts or other business,
should the majority
of adult members
wish.
Members.
3. The
Any inhabitant of the parishmny become a
1. Objects

and

Funds.

"

To

enconrage

"

"

member
Members
to abide
or

be members.
in the parishcunnot
])er8ons not living
refuse
the rules,
disregard
auuoj their fellow members,
in
tbe judges'
or
act
decision,
unfairly regardof specimena

; but
who

by
otherwise,may

be

from the Societyby the committee.

expelled

JOTJENAIi

50

HOETIOULTUBE

OP

AND

COTTAGE

[ Jnly 20,len.

GARDENER.

1 lb. 2 ozs.
I have since gathered
For Children's Specimens.
Class
VII.
many as largeand largei.
of nsefnl wild pot- Arthub
Eyland.
The best nosegay of wUd-flowers only; bnnch
wild
frnit; plateof
terbs ; plateof Brambles, Nats, or other nsefnl
These njnst have been gathered
Mushrooms
EDIBLE
NEW
ROOTS.
; plateof Watercresses.
selves.
in the parish,
by themby the children's own hands, and put together
of
the term root, as applied
to many
BoTANicALLY
Speaking,
members
for any
will be given to grown-up
No prize
N.B.
pensable
That
and indismost common
our
esculents,is incorrect.
such specimens,
exceptfor Mushrooms.
so-called root crops, the Potato, is reallya
of our
flower ; mixed gardennosegay,
blossom of an open-air
The best single
"
underground stem, the
being the buds
without any wild flowers ; nosegay of different sorts of one flower ; tuber,or fleshy
eyes
tender or house flower in a flower-pot;
plateof small fruit. [All from whence springthe branches or young plants. We have,
which
the however, elected to include under the above head of roots all
on
theygrew, must be really
these,and the trees or plants
hands, or grown three those underground productions
children's own
property,reared by their own
as
tubers,
botanicallyknown
their
of
or
on
own
in their own
months
spot
garden- and of these there are many that would appear worthy of perpossession,
severing
ground. "What is grown in the family garden, or should properly
efforts at cultivation in this countryas articles of food.
belongto a family garden,cannot be shown as children's specimens.] When
Potato
is
like
its
native
in
consider what the
we
country
Any member may offerfor sale at the show any specimenwhich is of Chili
than a Walnut, and when we see
a waxy tuber not larger
for sale,"and the lowest
his own, by marking on it the words
really
has
and
that
culture
in
of
what
a
comparatively
done,
he shall
system
priceintended to be taken. If it is not shown also for a prize,
tion,
it his name.
mark
times, to bring this littletuber to its present perfecon
Specimenssold shall have the purchaser'smodern
marked on them, but must not be removed, without leave of the
we
are led to think that a similar agency, if properlyand
name
to members
until after the show.
lents,
escunew
Specimens not belonging
patientlyconducted,might result in givingus some
managers,
for any purpose whatever.
cannot be shown
old and well-triedfriend
not absolutelyto displaceour
choose at the
White
ticketmembers, who return their prizes,
may
when
the Potato,but to supply the deficiencies,
such arise in
Society's
cost,from among the flower plantsshown for sale, a plant, the Potato
rivalrywith it.
crops, as well as to act in honourable
and of the obligation
in testimony of their prizes,
theyconfer on the
Knowing, then,how much we are indebted to Chili for giving
its funds.
by relieving
Society
the Potato,we will direct our
attention to some
other prons
ducts
bers,
and children that is,red ticket and green ticket memCottagers
American
of the South
continent; and first may be
first prizes,
shall,if
who shall gainat any one show, six or more
mentioned
the Ulluous tuberosa,a little twining or prostrate
to the value of their
the funds allow,receive a small order,according
plant,belongingto the natural order Basellaceie,and known to
cost, a plantfrom any other member.
to buy at the Society's
prizes,
for prizes
be shown
at the
the natives as oca-quina. These plantsare largely
cultivatedin
Plants or flowers,grantedas above,may
which
next show, providedtheyhave not already
Bolivia and the Andes of Peru for the sake of the tubers,
gainedtheir former owner
in the same
a prize
colour,
year.
are
scarcelyso large as a Walnut, are of a yellowish
b
ees,
their
t
owards
who
leave
purchasing
prizes
Cottage members,
and are
in appearance
cot nnlike small Potatoes ; they are
to within that
when theyamount
shall receive 2s. beyond their prizes,
produced underground at the ends of long thread-like branches.
of the priceof a stock.
sum
Like the native Chilian Potatoes,they are
waxy, and if not
cooked,stick to the teeth like gam or glue. The
sufficiently
similar manner
in a precisely
to the true
natives cook them
FRUITS.
and
OF PLANTS,
FLOWERS,
PORTRAITS
sphere
Potato,by exposingthem for three or four nights to the atmoNat.
ord.,
(Extingnieher-spnrred
Eria).
Ebia extinctoeia
elevated situation,
in an
occasionallythrowing water
A pigmy, leafless
Orcbidaoeffi. Linn., GynandriaMonandria.
them, so that they become frozen,after which they are
upon
Flowers white with pink blotch.
Native of Burmah.
Orchid.
able
placedin the sun to dry ; the fital result is a starchyand palat"(Bot. Mag., t. 5910.)
tuber,instead of a waxy one with an earthy flavour. These
Nat. ord.,
Passion-FIower).
cinnaeabina
Passifloka
(Scarlet
to our
tubers have been grown
in England, but have never,
Native of Australia.
Pftssiflorefe.Linn., Monadelphia Pentandria.
knowledge,been subjectedto a system of cultural experimentst. 5911.)
(Ibid.,
Greenhouse scarlet-floweredclimber.
Oxalis crenata, native of Peru, and 0. tuberosa, native of
LiliaceaB.
Linn.,
N
at.
ord.,
M
illa).
MiLLA
capitata
(Capitate
Bolivia,are both cultivated in tlieir native countiies for the
Hesandria Monoavnia." Native of California. Flowers purplish sake of their tubers,which in 0. crenata are small,the average
blue." (IMd, i. 5912)
weight of each being about 2 ozs. ; and a singleplantis said to
-flowered Ehynohosia).Nat.
chktsocias
Ehynchosia
(Golden
In 0. tuberosa they are^
produce about i lb. weight of them.
of
Native
ord.. LegnminoEiE. Linn., Diadelphia Deoandria.
the appearabout the size of a largemarble, and have much
ance
climber.
A
beautiful
yellow-flowered
the Cape of Good
Hope.
The tubers of both species,
Potatoes.
of littleimmature
t. 5913).
acid flavour,owing to the
indeed the entire plants,have an
{Ibid.,
(Handsome ArisEema).Nat. ord., ArmAEisiEMA ooNciNNUM
flavour,however,
presence of oxalic acid ; this objectionable
defE.
Linn., Monoseia Polyandria.Native of the Sikkim
beingdisappearsin the process of cooking,the acid principle
Female
spathe green; male white and purple converted into saccharine matter, and the tubers becoming
Himalaya.
and
streaked." (76^.,t. 5914)
in
this
0.
has
been
crenata
was,
country,
floury.
grown
Nat. ord.,
Grevillea).
mackostylis
(Long-styled
Ghevillea
How
at one
as a substitute for the Potato.
time, recommended
valuable
pact
comA
Tetrandria
Monogynia.
Proteacete.
Linn.,
prove
far cultivation might increase the size of the tubers, and imhardwooded Australian plants. Flowers
addition to our
their quality,has not been proved; but it is beyond
t. 5915.)
crimson.
Mexican
A
(Ibid.,
be
attained.
doubt that some
good result might
This beautiful plantwas flowered
chkysotis."
Dendrobium
species(0.Deppei) producesfleshyfusiform roots of moderate
by Messrs. Brooke " Co., of Manchester, for the first time in size,which are edible. Arraoacha esoulenta is another Soutt
phyte,American tuberous
this country in September last. It is a beautiful stove epilock,
plant. In habit it is similar to the Hemooulatum
fimbriatum
somewhat resemblingDendrobium
allied.
The roots are
large,
to which it is botanically
in the much
but differing
of
D.
Paxtoni
so-called
gardens),
(the
and divided into fleshy
lobes,about the size of an ordinary
the disc of the
the
in
on
of
having
lip,
fringe
more
mountain
deeply-cut
regions of
Carrot.
It is cultivated in the cooler
in
particularly
a
the roots
form
liptwo dark blotches instead of one, and more
regular
Northern
South
America, where
D.
flmbearing its flowers on the yet leafystems, the flowers of
bined
article of food ; and when
boiled,they are said to have a comand
have
become
ripened
briatum
appearingon stems which
flavour of a Chestnut and a Parsnip. The plantsthrive
The
stems
are
Assam.
slender,
from
leafless. It was imported
the mean
in their native country, where
temperature of the
sessile
3 feet to 4 feet long,bearingtbin,oblong-acute,
57". It was,
rod-like,
month
is 62",and of the coldest month
warmest
form
flowers
spikes
drooping
the
while
showy
large
leaves,
time thought that they might be cultivated
at one
therefore,
6 inches to 9 inches long, and are of a brightorange-yellow
and
in
of
the
some
South
partsof
England
advantageouslyin
colour,with two dark spotson the disc of the lip. The sepals Ireland. They might,perhaps,be satisfactorily
grown in some
while
D.
in
fimbriatum,
than
narrower
and petalsare ligulate,
of our colonies.
like
the lip is more
rhomboid, edged with a beautiful deep mossused for food,
Amongst tuberous plants of North America
at South
in
last,
exhibited
September
When
fringe.
It is a twining plant,
the Apios tuberosa is worthy of notice.
c
ertificate."
of
the
a first-class
award
obtained
it
Kensington,
belongingto the Pea family,and grows in hedges and bushes on
3 s., iv.,145.)
and Pomologist,
(Florist
from Pennsylvaniato Carolina. The tubers are
the mountains
"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

and are very mealy ;.

small,but are producedin largequantities,
and
the plants grow well in England in ordinarygarden soil,
be increased almost indefinitely
by separatingthe tubers.
can
remarkable here
also a leguminous
The Prairie Turnip (Psoralea
esculents),
The first largeone
is
of N.W. America, where the large taberon?
it was
10} inches in diameter, 5J iachea high, and weighed plant, a native
Laege

has been
of Mushrooms
and doubtless elsewhere too.
(Bromsgrove),
to measure
;
I gatheredI had the curiosity

MnsHBooM."

The

growth

Jaly 20, 1871.]

JOUBNAL

OF

COTTAGE

AND

HOETIOULTUBB

51

GABDENER.

indigenousvegetation.
eaten either raw or boiled,and oonstitate a largeproportionof what may be found amongst our own
in
The Parsnip Chervil (Chasrophyllum
of the food of the natives.
The taber has a dark-brown
bulbosum) is common
taste. The plant has been
France, and has been known to gardenersin this country since
skin,and is said to have an insipid
attention has been given to its culture as an
introduced into our
hothouses.
The Sweet Potato
(Batatas 1726, while some
The root is similar in form and size to a small Dutch
esculent.
known
edulie)and the Yam
(Diosoorea,
sp.)are not altogetherunand
is
in England ; indeed the first-named was
introduced as
Carrot,
outwardly of a grey colour,with a white mealy
boiled the flavour somewhat resembles that of
a
and has frequently interior. When
delicacylong before the Potato itself,
and has been recommended
and nutritive,
been confounded- with it by the earlier writers. At the present the Potato; it is wholesome
time the plantsare largelycultivated in most tropical
for cultivation with us as a vegetable. In the Hebrides
and subtropical
the roots of the Goose-weed
or
Silver-weed (Potentilla
anserma)
countries ; several varieties are
ing
producknown, some
sweetish taste, are not unfrequentlycollected by the people iu times of scarcity,
very largetubers. They have an agreeable,
the
Bistort
and
boiled
of
and are very nutritive,
roasted
for
food.
The
roots
or
(Polj
flesh-formingmatters
containingmore
than the common
Potato.
The
though containinga largequantityof tannin,
Sweet Potato is sometimes
Bistorta),
gonum
when
and consequently very astringentand bitter,
in this country, but it should be more
duced
seen
raw, are,
generallyintroafter being steepedin water and roasted,edible and nutritious.
and used as an esculent.
The Yam
is likewise oooaaionused when there is a
In Russia
and Siberia they are much
allybroughtfrom the West Indies,and though not often used
roots

are

to need description.
scarcityof bread.
We do not mean
to imply that allthe plantshere mentioned
Having drawn attention to a few of the tuberous- rooted plants
suitable either for cultivation or use as food plantsin this
are
which
have
been
before
of
mended,
recomforeigncountries,some
and referred
and others of which appear to us likelyto prove useful, country. We have described a few of the most likely,
to others,to show that the resources, either by culture
were
ments
theysubmitted to a series of careful and patientexperiJohk R. Jackson^
in cultivation,
are unlimited.
we
will,before concluding our subject,or by a system of commerce,
pointout one or two European and British plantsas examples A.L.S. {Food Journal.)

with us, it is too well known

of

"

"

THE

CHESTNUT

TKEE

The

will recollect the littlevillage

traveller in Sicily
of Giarre,
about half way between Messina and Catania ; and since the
with a station at
opening of the railwaybetween these cities,
no
great distance from its principalstreet. On the seaside
below the town is the shipping port of Riposto,and between
yards.
Bipostoand Giarre lies a fertile plain,rich in Olive and vineGiarre itself has not much to boast of,exceptperhaps
it might do so of the gloriousviews to be seen from the slight
elevation on which it stands.
One
long principalstreet,a
large plain chapel,a very second-rate inn, and then there is
to be said of the village. It is,however, the
nothing more
nearest
town with an inn to the famous
giant Chestnut tree of
Mount Etna, and as such is visited by tourists. This fine old
tree grows in the

Bosco

OF

MOUNT

rate,does not appear

or
large trees,more
the pieces of these

town

and

on

the slopeof Mount

A narrow.
Etna.

Steep road,gradually
ascending,
leads from Giarre
to La
Macohia ;
the broad bed of a
river now
(in the
end of May) rolling
down
nought
but clouds of dust,
is passed,and the

half

been
and

moved,
re-

the
a

between
the remairand over
ing pieces
the
ground on
which the hut wes
built. As you approach,

carriage,runs

one
large
pieceof the tree is

the
left-hand
side of the road,
and
two
larger
piecesare to the
to

miles

it a very fine

now

wide to allow of

at

Giarre,and

on

road, sufficiently

last S. Alfio is
reached. This village
is about four
and
from
from

demonstrate

has

lava beds formed

by the eruptions of
1689 and 1735 are

traversed,and

joinedtogether,and

trees

surrounded
by
these piecesstood
a
hut, in which
the
annual crop
frnii
of Chestnut
stored.
One
was
of these trees, or
portions of the
appeared.
tree,has since disThe hut

region close above

the

less

still standing the barky layers surrounding

the whole of their stems.
each
still
four
there
Not very long ago
were
piecesstanding,
of them
of the dimensions of a very large tree. In the space

woody

or

ETNA.

discussed.
to have been much
the tree ; and very many
opinions may be quoted,all
or
or
as
less differing
to its age and size. Some believe,
more
that the tree was as largeas the storytells us it
have believed,
then
decayed
was, that the interior of the vast trunk has since
of separate pieces,each largeenough
away ; leavinga number
to form a big tree,which piecesare covered with bark only on
here several
their outer surface.
Others assert that there were
at any
Not so

The

Chestnnt

tree of Uount

Etna.

view of Etna is obtained

The mountain, however, from this right. It is very probable that many
of the pieces believed
Bide looks low and by no means
from
as imposing as when
to have belonged to the one
really
seen
originalvast stem, were
the sea.
A littlebeyond S. Alfio the road turns to the left, stems themselves
of independent trees, and such would
pear
apstillleadingupwards, until all of a sudden the giant tree breaks
the view, the road itself running
upon
throughits very midst.
It stands about 4000 feet above the sea level,and it requiresa
good three and a half hours to walk to it from Giarre.
It has been calculated that this tree is about one
thousand
It is a tree,therefore,old enough to have its
years of age.
lost in myth ; but stillit has its story ; and this
earlyhistory
story tells us that long ago a certain Queen of Aragon was
passing by this way, when, from the effects of the weather,she
and her suite,
which consisted of one hundred
mounted
persons,
took shelter under the shadow
of its trunk and bonehs, and so
to this day and from this fact it is known
the
as
CaEtagno di
Cento Cavalli. This storyis said to be generallybelieved,
and,

with the large trunk to the left of the

to be the case
that the
present roadway. But there is a strong probability
at one
immense
two
pieces to the right of the road were
tree. The
time united,and that they form part of the original
annexed
is from a photographof these pieces. Both
woodcut
The base of the trunk to the
of them are deeply hollowed out.
rightof the woodcut is very much decayed away, and several
could shelter in it ; and the portionsof the stems seen
on
men
looking at the pictureare devoid of true bark. If these two
formed
a
singlestem, then, indeed, though it
portions once
largeto shade a
might not have thrown a shadow sufficiently
it
hundred
must have been a very giant among
horsemen, yet
all the forest trees
Even now, in its decadence,the three

53

JOURNAL

OF

HORTICULTUBE

of sufficientinterest to lead ug to ask

stems are objects
them the reader's attention." E. P. Vf." {Nature.)

The

New

lATNE.

Method
Tliird
"

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.
"

for

[ Joly 20, ISn.

We've known, too, a good many

Idlers who
said,
I've a Tight to my livinf?.
The Wurld owes
me
bread I'
A right,litzylubher !
A thousand
times
No I
'Tis his, Hud his only,
Who
hoes his own
row."
*

EDITION.
NEW
of Growing Fruit. By the Rev. John Founculture
Edition,much enlarged. " Journal of Horti-

Office.

Fkom
the fact that this pamphlet of Mr. Fountayne'shas
NOTES
AND
GLEANINGS.
reached a third and enlarged edition,
it would appear that his
The
Rev. B. T. Lowne,
MR.C.S., read a paper at tbe
method
new
of growing fruit by a " combination
of vinery,
meeting of the Societyof Biblical Arcboeology,July 4th, on
orchard house, and conservatory,
by which Grapes, stone fruit, THE
Floba
Palestine.
He
considered
of
that it comprised
and flowers may be grown
togetherin perfectionin the same
eightdistinct elements,four of tbe dominant existingfloras of
iiouse,"has met with a con^iderable amount
of favour with
Southern
Europe, Russian Asia, North Africa,and that of
the public. We have seen
the honee erected by Mr. Fountayne
Arabia and North-western
India.
Each
of these floras was
in the Royal Horticultural Society's
where
garden at "Chiswick,
stated to occupy a distinct region of tbe country. Interspersed
attention
has
been
to
it
Mr.
and
can
every
we
given
by
Barron,
with these are found numerous
examples of plantsbelongingto
affirm that under his management
there is not only a houee of
The Arctic
paltearctic
Europe, constitutingits fifth element.
and unusuallyvigorousVines, but a moving platform
iiealthy
flora of Hermon
and
Lebanon
constitutes the sixth. Mr.
of fruit trees in pots,which would
ment.
do credit to any establishLowne
thought further tbat the Cedars of the Lebanon
and
Those who wish to see this new
tayne's the
system of Mr. Fountbe remnants
of two
Papyrus of the Joidan lakes were
in full operation should pay a visit to the Society's
ancient and almodt
extinct floras belonging to two distinct
.gardenat Chiswick.
geologicalperiods. Mr. James Collins read a paper On the
GoMS, Perfumes, and Resins
in
the
mentioned
Bible, particularly
WHY
AND
pointingout the fact that few of them were
HOW
HEADS.
A CABBAGE
indigenous
and that many
have been wrongly named
to Palettine,
by the
All plantshave an aptitudeand inherent capacity
for storing
Greek
and later botanists.
In tbe course
of bis observations
"tip suppliesof plant-foodfor future use.
Among the annuals
Collins
Mr.
detailed
the
characteristic
differences
between
tbe
the growth is so rapid that this tendency is not so perceptible.
and false Balm
of Gilead, Lidanum, S-indal-wood,
true
"o.,
"The biennials and perennialsshow it in various
times
ways ; someand the greater or less efficacy
of their medicinal
properties.
it is in the thickened root, sometimes
in the rhizome,
Mr. Lowne
and Mr. Collins brought for exhibition
a
large
"the bulb,or the tuber,but oftenest in the buds.
Preparation
of mounted
number
specimens, and a complete collection of
thus made
'J)eiEg
for the future,there is a periodof rest more
perfumes, "c., to illustratetheir respectivepapers.
or
less extended ; then follows a rapid growth inflorescence, gums,
maturingof the seed,and exhaustion.
Among the perennial [Nature.)
and woody plantsthis is done towards autumn
in the form of
FOR
THE
WEEK.
WORK
buds, and it is here I find the explanation of the Cabbage"

"

headingprocess.

kitchen

qabden.

A bud as it stands in winter on

the tree, with its compact
lolds of leaves and shortened axis,is only a small head
; and
a Cabbage head
is only a large bud with compact leaves and
shortened axis,restingfor a period and accumulating starch
and other plant-foodfor the supply of the floweringprocess
and ripeningof seeds.
It is perhaps a universal law in all

Let as largea pieceof ground as can be spared be thorouphly

trenched and heavilydressed with manure,
to receive the latest
which
must
be planted without
delay.
crop of CauHfloicers,
useful of tbe season, and with
This crop will prove the most
and
them
in taking up the heads when
in
care
hanging
ready,
to afford a supply from the end of
be made
a dry shed, it may
which
is prolonged for any time, that the collecting October till January. Tbe Walcberen
vegetation
Broccoli or Cauliflower
and
of plant-foodtakes place preparatory to the
storing.up
is considered the beet for this purpose, as, in fact,it is for all
exhaustive process of maturing seeds. The Turnip, Beet, "a., other
plantings; it grows more
compact, its foliageaffords
store theirs in the root; the Cauliflower in the flower-stems ; better
protectionto the head than that of the other sorts,being
do it in the thickened leaves,but the most
some
common
of a more
when
cup-likehabit,and it does not open so soon
anode is by buds.
Make
a plantationof Grange's Broccoli to succeed
bung up.
The
Cabbage,after growing for a certain period,begins to the above. M-tkn a good sowing of Lettuces now for autumn
form its "bud," and, as in other cases, there is a shorteningof
and small Salads.
be bestowed
Care must
use, as also of Endive
the axis of growth so as to
into the bud the embryo
on
compress
gatheringand driing tha various sorts of Herbs in request
of the future inflorescence. Starchy matter accumulates, and
cut
or
choose
tbem
the
a
dry day, pull
justas the
by
family;
other peculiarcompounds are elaborated,
the leaves become
bloom begins to expand, and spread tbem thinlyin a dry shed,
blanched by exclusion from light,and it becomes a hard solid which is preferableto drying them in tbe sun
dry they
; when
bud.
After a certain period of rest a new
bundles
and hung in their winter
growth commences,
be tied in convenient
can
"the axis elongatesrapidly,
and
inflorescence takes place,
as tbe
quarters. Stake the late crops of Peas with care, and in the
the leaves become
to
process goes on
as
exposure
case
of tbe Victoria Pea stop the shoots when
green from
high as the
flaccid and exhausted.
3igbt,and finally
The
same
stakes.
process
Pay general attention to all advancing crops, stirring
'iakes place in spring time in the burstingof
tbe surface of the soil,and earthingup such as require it.
every bud, and
the rapid growtb and elongationof the axis. The bud and
Pinch
the points out of shoots of Tomatoes, and keep them
the " head " are the same
takingplaceunder different properly
nailed up.
process
conditions of growth. (AmericanGardener's Monthly)
garden.
fruit
"

"Hob

Row"
is our
only reply to "A Touno
"Gaedener"
who writes complaining," The foreman
givesme
'harder work than to the other two, and I know
that I could do
the lighter
jobsbetter than they."
youb

own

"If you

want to have riches,

And
want
to have friends.
Don't trample the meaea
dowllt
And look for the ends ;
But always remember,
Wherever
go,
you
The -wisdom of practising
I
row
Hoe your own

*'

A pood many -workers

in our time
We've known
Some builders of houses,
Some builders of rhyme I
And they that were
prospered,
Were prospered, we know.
By the intent and meaning of
Hoo your own
I
row
"

Strawberryplantationswhich are to stand to bear another

cut away between
the rows,
crop must have superfluousrunners
and all weeds carefully
removed, but on no account let any of
the foliagebe cut away at this season, as is sometimes
tised.
pracbe conceived
A more
improper mode of culture cannot
as
than that of cutting off every leaf to the earth as soon
the
plants have done bearing. Net Morello Cherries to preserve
Currants and Gooseberries should have
them for autumn
use.
all the watery,useless shoots thinned out.
FLOWER

GAEDEN.

placed out of doors. See

greenhonse plants now
do not effect an
entry into the pots and close tbe
drainage; attend to the routine of tying,stopping,and other
be layered,and a stock of
details. Pinks and Cloves may now
put in. It is tbe fashion in
cuttings of Scarlet Geraniums
most gardens of the present day to introduce rusticwork to a
greatextent for seats, arbours, flower baskets, "c. I question
I alwayswish
the proprietyof using bark and rods for vases.
Attend

that

worms

to

Jnly 20, 1871. ]

JOURNAL

OP

HORTIOULTUEB

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

53

bnt I can
see
them covered with flowers,
gaze with lastiog late-struck Fuchsias, "o., should be dulyencouraged for late
other elegant- autumn
or
flowering.
delightupon the classic form of a Warwick
rOECINQ
TEAMES.
shaped vase, which heightens,by contrast,the beaaty of the
be producing for the conservaThese structures should now
flowers which it contains.
tory
and mixed greenhouse an abundance
of well-grownCocktCONSEKVATOET.
GKEENHOnSE
AND
Globe
Balsams,
Amaranths,
oombs.
Thnnbergias,Gloxinias,
The Camellia
of doors should be
out
plants that are now
Achimenes, and a host of other articles. The growth of specimen
The soil
washed
with the engine,using clear water.
liberally
Fuchsias should be encouraged,also that of late-floweting
in due time to discover its actual state and
should be examined
ney
chimPBlargoninms, the Japan Lilies,ErythrinaCrista-ga'li,
that of the roots.
Those that require it should bb surfaced
Campanulas, "c. ; these will maintain a display. Guernsty
with good,healthy,rough soil,charcoal,flints or rubblystones, Lilies should be ordered in due time
; these are
remarkably
removing all unkindly soil about the edge of the pots or tubs. prettyand useful autumn-flowering
plants. W. Keane.
The
buds of the eaily-flowering
plants should be thinned in
due time, and in doing this it is necessary to take care to choose
OF
DOINGS
THE
LAST
WEEK.
for blossomingonly the most healthy,strong, and prominent
be principally
bads. The conservatorywill now
occupied with
KITCHEN
GAKDEN.
and greenthe border specimens and a few of the choicest stove
We
house
planted out beds of Celeryafter nipping out every sucker,
and let the most forward
plants,with an occasional contribution from the Orchid
beds alone, except one
little piecebe gay, it is which had been assisted for a time with glass,and which
house, because,as the flower garden should now
hss
to

"

less necessary to crowd flowers into this house ; therefore trust

rather to raiityand superiorcultivation for exeiiiogat'entlon
of common
at this season
than to glaringmasses
plants. The
be attended to with water, and
specimens in the borders must
a good soaking of liquidmanure
in a clear and weak state will
be very beneficial. Climbers
must
also be neatlytrained,
now
and every pait of the plant houses, vases, "c., be kept as clean
as possible. Give plenty of air both night and day, bnt if the
house contain many
tender stove plants shut it up for an hour
in the evening. Many of the stove plants in some
establii-hments
will now
be occupying the greenhouse while the regular

earthed

We have no faith in earthing-np

first
our
than three weeks
before we
so
send the
or
We
feel
mortified
a
little
produce
at one thing pait.
of a bed had glassprotectionfor a time, and when
plantedout
the plantsat one
end stood 4 inches higher than the rest of the
bed which had been less kindlytreated.
Of course, we meant
the most
forward part to come
but now
in first,
on
lookingovtr
the bed it would
be difficultto say which is the forward part,,
and which the later,the whole looks so uniform.
Both were
treated alike,and
planted out after due and full exposure.
How
is it,then, that the last have so quickly overtaken the
occupants are in the open air ; but a" many greenhouse plants, first? There are many
of these simple matters which the mostsuch
Boronias
of
as
Henchmanni,
Eriostemons, Chorozema
clever among
us
cannot understand, and it is a good point
the
aid
various kinds, and Ip.te-hlooming
of
Croweas, require
gained when we can confess our ignorance,for the feelingof
a littleheat to insure
their making a good growth, they may
ignoranceis the first step that must be taken in acquiringtrue
be kept in the house with the stove plants,regulatingthe temperature knowledge.
We
have for many
years noticed that Celery
so
as
to be supportableto all plants. Xeep a moist
eightweeks after the sun has
alwaysgrows most rapidly some
towards the evening,and shut up for an
atmosphere,especially
and even
then when a partialshadepassed his greatest altitude,
hour or two about
The
leaves the house.
the time the sun
is given. Our beds run
north and south, and have had a
will
also
tion.
attenin
the
air
greenhouse specimens
shade hitherto,
require
from heavily-cropped
open
flickering
early Peas oq.
Pimelea spectabilis
must be out in prettyclosely. Dill- the top of the ridgesbetween the beds.
These, Peas are of no
wynias will require to have the stragglingshoots cut in,espefor the best table,but they come
to us now
cially use
in for pea soup,
such as clavata,
must
and the servants' hall, where
rudis,and janipeiina.Chorozemas
they are liked quite as wellalso be shortened
back, and Daviesia latifolia should have the when they have a little " bone in them," and are not individually
old blooming wood removed
to encourage
the young
growth as
BO
easilysqueezed into a jellybetween the thumb and
much
should
be
and
as
Boronia
serrulata
possible.
pinnata
finger. We shall leave them standing a little longer,and as
stopped boldlybacV, and be kept in gentle heat to start them
long as they can
help us in the above direction,
as
we
cially
espeinto full growth. Keep a look-out for mildew, and as prevenvalue them for the littleshade theygive.
tion
is better than cure, dust them
with sulphur
We
occasionally
staked the last sowing but one
of Peas, and run cordo
after syringing them.
Plants of Aphelexis of all kinds, the
beyond the sticks along the sides of luxuriant rows, which
flowers of which
be attended to, were
are
beginning to fade, must
likelyto be broken, and which, perhaps,would not havecattingthe flower stems close off at the base,and stoppirg the been so bad it the sticks had been put in as we wished
a
the
leadingbranches it the plantsare growing loosely. When
rather difficultthing to get done, for there will ever
be a disposition
plantsbegin to make fresh growth encourage them with a little
to bring the sticks togetherin a sharppointat the top,
manure
water, and the same
to make them cross
each other,instead of each row
may be done with all the plants or even
of
sticks standing4
previouElynoticed nnder this head.
/ obliquely
outwards
from the row, like\
I
In the latter case
an open vessel
he Peas have roomwithin the sticks to ramble, and yet are protected. In the other
As many
be in
of the principalplantsof this house will now
out beyond the sticks,
come
and are liableto be snapped
they
the conservatory,
advantage must be taken of their absence to and broken
by every brisk breeze. May we ask some
of our
such as
the subjectsfor winter blooming, especially
encourage
readers," How they gather Pea pods fitfor use ? "
Some
timeJnsticias,
Eranthemums, Begonias, Apbelandras, Euphorbias,
ago we felt as if our hair would have lifted off our bat at seeing
"c. ; and a batch of Achimenes
pictaand Gesnera zebrina must
a
man
making the pods come
to him
by a pull of sheer
be started for the same
Plants of Stephanotisdone
purpose.
strength,thus either loosening or pullingup the Pea plant,
and in an
airyplace and
blooming,must be set in the full sun
his
best
the
other
to
doing
prevent
younger pods on the
to ripen the wood; and Clerodendron
splendens and late plants stem
swelling and maturing. There is no quicker,safer,nor
of the other kinds must
also be encouraged. Eondeletia
speworkmanlike
of gathering
more
Peas than taking a small
way
ciosa is an
excellent winter plant where sufficient heat can
be
knife in your hand, and nippingthe stalk of
sharp-pointed
afforded ; and Torenia
aeiatica and Fentas camea,
especially the
pod in two between the blade and thumb.
This will cause
desirable plants. If not alreadydone, Luculia
are
the latter,
no
whatever
to the Pea plant.
injury
gratissimaand Pinciana must be placedin a sheltered corner
We sowed Lettuce,Endive, Turnips, Radishes, and Onions
in the open air to ripen the wood
and set the bloom.
Never
for salads,
and as successions.
A littlemore
thinning was alsothe leaves taming brown, they will soon
mind
that
recover
deemed
necessary in the main spring beds of Onions, especially
when
placed in heat again. Maintain a moist growing heat the later-sown.
If we
had the chance we
would
mulcb
now
with plenty of air,and guard againstinsects.
and manure
Asparagus, so as to have it strongnext year.
been
main

crops

up.

more

to table.

"

"

"

STOEE

PIT.

FEUIT

GAEDEN.

See well to the selection of good varieties of Primula

We
have layered many
sinensis
Strawberry runners, and will most
they show flower ; encourage their growth by givingthem a likely
prickout a lot in beds,to be raised for potting
and planting.
liberal shift as soon
as they are
proved. See that the Cinerarias
fine Strawberries out of doors,but
We have had some
and Calceolarias are standing in a cool shady place. The Calceolarias
to the crop in most
not at all equal in quantity
Oar
years.
should be top-dressedas soon
as
Peach
they begin to make
trees out of doors are
and worse, the
becoming worse
after the fruit had swelled
growth, to encourage the young stock. A quantityof stocky wood givingway even
as

plants ol the scarlet and variegatedGeraniams, Heliotropes,We

attributeit

considerably.
to the keen frost of winter,the sudden
entirely

54

JOURNAL

OF

HORTICULTURE

AND

COTTAGE

[ July 20, 1871.

GARDENER.

Seedling
Pansies
(A. Clark)." They are the darkest we have seen.
changes,and the long periods of damp foggy weather. Some
Send plants to the Floral Committee
ciety.
Soof the Royal Horticultural
have escaped this infliction are rather priding
persons who
themselves that the favourable result is owing to their own
Over-luxuriant
Shoots
of
Robes
the
You do not say whether
(ST.)."
good and peculiarmanagement. This may be the case, though
are
of Roses
Briar stock, or on a Manetti
gourmand Rose shoots
Briar and the head requires no regulation,cut the
believe that in the long run it will be found that the peculiar stock. If it is on
we
gourmands
altogether,or, if you please, you may
away
greatlyshorten
had nothing to do with it. We have lived to see
management
them to break and flower. If the Roses
Manetti
on
them, and
"ne Peach
trees that one
would have thoughtnothing could
stock, let the gourmands grow to the faU heightof the tree, and then cut
injurenext to killed after they had borne heavy crops for years, off the tops. 'Xhey will make good repairersof the bush next year, and
probably bloom this autumn.
W. F, Radcltffe.
and this has taken place three times at least on trees on the
*'

"

on

cause

are

"

wall.
The age of the tree often makes
it more
such
serious inflictions. We
recollect a case
in
friend who had planted his trees three years after
same

planted,as mach

insinuated
for the state of the trees. Two

fine trees
for

cause

that

made

ORNAMENTAL

ours

were

had ourselves to blame

his
years afterwards what were
a wreck, and then he, too,had

as

were
previously
grumbling.

liable to
point. A

we

DEPARTMENT.

Put walks and lawns in good order,and hope the former will
trouble for the season.
give littlemore
Hollyhocks,Dahlias,
and strong herbaceous plants need to be well supported,and,
all things considered,one
stake is better than many,
the side
shoots being looped easily,so as to hang gracefully
without
_

Some
anythinglike a bundle being made.
plants are tied so
the lint on the rock or distafE onr grandas to resemble
stiffly
mothers
used for their spinning-wheels.
We should like to see
a

generalsweeping reprobationpassed on a forest of sticks,and

ones
too,for supportingseparatelyany twig and shoot
a plant.

whittled
of

Oat of doors here

our

flower beds would

have been nowhere

duringthe strong winds and batteringrains but for the

bushy twigs and sticks stuck in and hidden slightly
among

little

Dark
Rose for
a Conservatory
I cannot name
{J.Mackenzie)
any
red Rose that gives siagle flower buds.
The. best two for your purpose,
and both beautii^il,
are
Charles Lefebvre
and Due de Gazes ; the former
is rich,variable,crimson ; and the latter purple crimaon.
There is no
crimson Rose equal to Charles Lefebvre.
Maurice Bernardin, vermilion,
is also one of the very best Rosea
W. F. Radclyffe.
"

"

Surfaces
Rose
of
Leaves
Eaten
(R. S,)."There are two insects
which thus attack the foliage of the Rose" the Antler
Saw-fly,and the
"
scription
You will see in Cranston's
Saw-fly of the Rose.
Rose Book"
a deof both. I believe that tho leaves sent have been attacked by
He recommends
the latter.
lime,
syringing with a solution of soot and quickalso shaking the trees over a cloth. The
caterpillarof the Antler
is bright green with hairs,and with a dark line down
the back, and one
much
darker on each side. It is half an
Rose
Saw-fly
inch Ion;?. The
caterpillaris also half an inch long with orange-coloured
head, with
small black spots on each side. It descends into the earth in the autumn.
It causes
the leaves to look as if scorched
by fire. I advise the sufi'erer
to fork fresh-slaked lime into the ground beneath
the trees in the
autumn.
W. F. Radclyffe.
"

Pelargonium
and
Geranium
(Thaumasies).~~We fully sympathise
with you now
find that fiowers you have always called Geraniums
you
named
are
Pelargoniums, and we
persist,botanically heretically,in
Yet
calling all the Scarlet and other bedding-nut varieties Geraniums.
there is no doubt that there is a great difference between
the StorksbiU and
Cranesbill" they constitute two different genera ; but there is no very great
used for
difference between
what are
commonly called the Geraniums
and the Pelargoniums used for in-door flowering. Both
bedding purposes,
are
Pelargoniums. Pelargonium is characterised by having usually seven

ceolarias,
Calstamens,

and

ten

unequal-sized petals; Geranium, by having

stamens,

These
Geraniums, Ageratums, "o.
bushy sticks and equal-sized petals; and Erodium, by having five fertile anthers
three genera
nearly allied.
hold the plantsfirmly,and yet not so firmly
but that they yield usually. The
a little
to the wind without the chance of breaking or of being
Vines
Stems
of
Decaying
of your Vines have
{O. B.)." As the stems
animal has
and bitten,probably some
the
bruised
of
being
appearance
pulled up by the roots,and now
there is scarcelythe pointof
done
it. We have
fungus destroy the roots and permanently injure
a twig to be seen.
Vine
the Vine.
It attacked the roots of
in our early house last year,
No time should be lost in having littleshoots of Pinks, Mule
and every portion
and again this season.
We removed
all roots aff'ected,
All
Finks of various colours,
having any trace of spawn,
replacing with fresh loam.
Pansies,and many herbaceous plants of mould
should look out for the attack of the new
Vine disease ; it
Grape-growers
inserted as cuttings. They will do well in sandy soil in a
of warty excrescences
the back of
is firstdiscerned by the appearance
shady place; better still if the soil has been moved to the the leaves. We had it in a house of
Vines last year, and were
obliged
depthof 4 inches,rough stuff placedbeneath,and covered with to root out every plant and burn it,at the same time removing all the
the garden. We have seen no trace of the terrible
soil half a mile from
fresh sandy soil,
and
then
with sand coveringthe mere
surface,
since. In the case of this disease the Vines die off suddenly, and
enemy
a hand-lightplaced over
the cuttings. These will strike more
examining the roots they will all be found to be dead. Imperfect
of your Vines being unhealthy. If the border
rapidlystillif a Uttle bottom heat be given to them." R. F.
drainage may be the cause
are

seen

one

on

new

on

right, the roots healthy to the extremities,and

free from red spider and mildew, they will recover.

the leaves

is all

TO
N.B.

Grapes

CORRESPONDENTS.

Many questionsmust

remedy

remain

unanswered

imtil

next

Diseased
is flowers of

kept

(P. J.)." It is a clear case of O'idium, and your only

sulphur, not pounded sulphur.

Vinery
sider
description we con(J.D.). From
your
Grapes are spotted,and that chieflyarises from the supply of
your
think it is caused by the coldness
case
we
being deficient,and in your
Books
(A Reader)." For inBtrnction in vegetable physiology, pnrchaae
of the ground rendering the root-action sluggish. The
evil might
Henfrey's IntroductoryLectarea on Botany," edited by Dr. Masters.
have
been
prevented if you had given air proportionateto the heat, or a
The price is 125.,we believe. (J.K.). There is no separate work
the
on
slightshade for a few hours in the early part of the day. In this dull,
culture of the genus
Erica. There is a long descriptivelist of the species cloudless
there is no necessity to whiten the glass,nor, indeed, at
season
and tbeir culture
in the "Cottage Gardeners'
Dictionary," under the
for Grapes in a ground vinery, as success
mainly depends on
any season
titles Erica and Heaths.
the
heat. Your crop is too heavy; that is why the berries are so
sun
Weights
the smallest berries; they are
of
Pine
Apples
stoneless,and will not
(Amicus)." At the Royal Horticultural small. Remove
should
soon
have been thinned
as
as
Exhibition at Nottingham, the heaviest Pine Apple was
Society's
a
vidence.swell off well. All the bunches
ProIt weighed 11 lbs. 6 ozs.
they were
fairlyset. You will have small berries,and wedged together,
The
heaviest Queen Pine Apple
and if the season
should continue
cold and wet the bunches may
lose
weighed 5J lbs.
in thinning. We
berries
from
decay than you need have removed
more
CovENT
Gahde^
Monopolists
(R. O. M.). Your case is one of private
would thin even
yet,and tie up the shoulders of the bunches.
d"bt, and not suitable for publication,
as
remedy in the
you have your
Early
Spring
Use
too late to sow
County Court,
Rhubarb
for
{Idem)." It is now
seed, and that mode of raisingthe plants is not desirable foryour purpose
Jerusalem
Artichokes
(BT.S.)."If you want good-sized tubers you
or
We
advise you to procure
early
roots,and to plant them in November
must let the plants grow.
is preterable. The
in spring,but November
ground should be deeply
Bouquet
(A. O.). Bouquet is a French word, synonymous
with nosegay.
with the soil
trenched
and heavily manured, well mixing the manure
It may
be either large or small, tor holdiDg in the band or for
rather
than heavy,
The soil should be light
as the trenching proceeds.
In whatever sense
the English word nosegay is used,
decorating a vase.
Plant in rows
4 feet apart,and place the plants
and the situation open.
the same
is applicableto bouquet.
(Jover
the crown
about 2 inches.
After plant3 feet apart in the rows.
ing
Japanese
Honeysuckle
Tartarian
the plants will
mulch
the ground with stable litter. All the care
(A. Ryland)." The
Honeysuckle
clear of weeds, and water them as
belongs to the Xylosteum or Fly Honeysuckle section of the genus
need
the first year is to keep them
of May with liquid manure
lionicera,and is,consequently, quite distinct from the Japanese,
often as you like after the middle
up to the
the first year, but in the
close of July. No leaves ought to be removed
Berbbbis
it without having a
(C. H. p.)."It is impossible to name
For
advise Royal
the
will
be
market
second
we
supply
good.
purposes
specimen.
in about a fortnight
Albert, Linmeus, and Victoria,which last comes
a Greenhouse
Staging
for
the
(A Comtant
Subscriber)."To make
kind for early use, we should
after the others. If yoa only require one
most
of such a house as yours
with the least possihlff
trouble,we would
prefer Linnaeus.
have a level platform of 2 feet in front,a pathway of 2J feet,and a raised
Strawberries"
WallPresident
Forming
Cordons"
Dr. Hogg
and
It would be more
sta^^ebehind.
picturesque to have lour circular stages
Trees
Peach
Plums
Cracking
The roundish
with raised shelves,terminating in a place for a large plant, separate trained
(^m"/eurj.
fruit
is
Gut
one-third
of
the
other
is
Dr.
these all round
President,
high-coloured
Hogg.
have
in
2-feet
and
shelf
and
a narrow
a
by
paths,
front,
the length of your cordon trees,and pinch the point out of the growing
narrow
border behind
for plants to cover
the back wall; but this will
After
in a season.
the wood of the side shoots is
or twice
involve a much
and on the whole will not give more
larger outlay,
plants shoot once
somewhat
firm,cut them over at the fourth or fifthleaf; pinch back all
justice.
exuding from them,
after-growths. Your Plums cracking and the gum
Royal
Botanic
Society'sIShow (G. TT.)."The Messrs. Brown you refer is the result of the wet season
; it generallyhappens immediately after
of 24, High Street,Marylebone, who
of garden
had a number
to, were
the fruit is rapidlyincreasing in size. We have Rivers's
stoning," when
engines, tools,"c., and an improved step chair.
Early with scarcely a sound fruit on the tree. You can do nothing to
Painting
Gbbenhouse
Stage
We should paint it light your tree to prevent it. In a dry season
(ITfZsftpooE)*"
thoy would be all right. Do not
"

Grapes

is

Ground

"

week.

sap

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

brown.

allow the shoots of your Peach

and

Nectarine

trees to

run

into and cross

Jnly 20, 1871. ]

journaij

"each other ; cut back to a young

"wood which has been removed.

of

shoot,and lay it in

hoetioulture
in

placeof

the older

and

cottage

gardener.

cut the plant back unless leggy, and

Lower the plant in September.

55

if it is so, not

until next Apri\

Failing
Box
Edging
all shed ; colour good,
Seedling
Geranium
(T. C). We cannot account for the Box edging
(A. S.). The petals were
trict.
much
but not differingfrom others; truss large. If it were
differing failing,but we attribute it to soil,or, perhaps, you reside in a smoky dissoil we have
on
its
merits
Without
data
form no
it
could
decide
we
can
from
opinion. On gravelly
old
which
is
no
one
varieties,
many
not,
"
found it do well.
without seeing the plant.
"

"

Stands
Exhibition
Roses
and
Dahlias
for
[W. H. M.). The boxes
Select
Geraniums
Exhibition
for
(E. n.)."Zonals : Lord Derby,
The
Rendatler,
maybe made of inch deal,and the length for twenty-four Ro3e J should be
Dr. Lindley, Mrs.
William
Paul, Christine, Monsieur
3
feet
for
2
2
national,
Inter4
feet
for
inches
feet
Constance
Chilwell
eighteen,
Bride.
:
twelve,
Beauty,
;
; and for sis,1 foot
Nosegays
Lady
Grosvenor,
;
Golden
6 inches.
Breadth in every case 1 foot 6 inches ; height at back, 6 inches ;
of Sutherland.
Rose
Rendatler, Duchess, Duchess
from the
Tricolors : Sophia Dumaresque,
Sir Robert
Lucy
heightin front,4 inches. We extract the foregoing dimensions
Napier. Lady CuUum,
excellent " Book
about the Rose," by the Rev. S. Reynolds Hole, who
Silver Tricolors : Italia Unita,
Grieve, Prince of Wales, Sophia Cusack.
adds:" "The
being 7^ inches in depth at the back, and 5 inches
covers,
Charming
Bride, Imperatrice Eugenie, Prince Silverwings, Mrs. John
in front,4 feet 1 inch in length, 1 foot 7 inches in breadth, and having a
Olutton, Lass o' Gowrie.
narrow
beading within the four sides,half an inch from the bottom of the
Select
Pot Culture
Veebenab
for
(Idem)." G. P. Tye, Mrs. Pochin,
the boxes, leaving ample room
for the Roses, and are secured
lid,overlap
Polly Perkins, Shakespeare, Beauty of Kent, Magaificena, Black Prince,
for travelling by stout leather straps. Within the boxes some
exhibitors
Laslia,King of Verbenas.
Nemesis, Conspicuous, Ace of Trumps, White
have holes pierced at equal distances on a uniform surface of wood ; but
Florence
Fiddian, Fanny
"Jueen, Miss Wimsett, Mrs. Reynolds Hole.
convenient to have the facility
of placing
as Roses differ in size it is more
Martin, Mrs. Eckford, Out-and-Outer, Shirley Hibberd, Achievement,
them where we please, and for this purpose
it is desirable to have strong
^ot, Mauve
Queen, Anatole Leroy.
laths |-inchin depth, and IJ inch in width,extending the length of the
Coronaria
flore- box.
Select
Herbaceous
Plants
Agrostemma
(i?7ds.)."
These laths should be six in number, and should be nailed on two
pleno, crimson ; Alyssum saxatile compactum, yellow ; Anemone
apenstrong pieces of wood, crossing the box one at each end, 2 inches below
nina, blue; A. hortensis fulgens, scarlet ; Anomatheca
cruenta, salmon
the surface.
The upper and lower laths should be fixed one-eighth of an
white
Auwith red spots ; Aquilegia fragrans, lemon
Arabis
albida,
;
;
inch within the box, and the four remaining so arranged that there will
blush lilac ; Aster alpinus, lilac purple ;
brietia deltoidea gi-andiflora,
three
be five interstices IJ inch in width
for the Roses and two merely
Betonica
grandiflora,purple ; Campanula
aggregata, blue ; Cheiranthus
of 1^ inch between
the laths
to reduce the weight. There will be a space
Marshalli ; Colchicum
alpinum, rosy purple ; Convallaria rosea, rosy red ; and the upper
edge of the box, to be filled as follows : Cover the laths
nium
Cyclamen neapolitanum, red; Cynoglossam apenuinum, blue; Delphiwith sheets of brown
deep, and cut to fit the box, and upon,
paper, two
Dianthus
Belladonna
cruentus, deep scarlet ; D. floribundus, these place the best moss
;
obtain, The Roses are placed in tubes
you can
white ; Dodecatheon
pink ; D. pungens,
Meadia, lilac ; Draba
aizoides, of zinc 4A inches in length, 2 inches wide at the top,gradually tapering
yellow ; Erigeron speciosus,bluish purple and yellow ; Helleborus niger, until they become 1 inch in width at the centre,the tops being moveable.
white; Hepatica angulosa, blue; H. triloba,blue and red, double and
This top ia taken off,and the stalk of the flower being brought through
singlevarieties ; Hypericum calycinum, yellow ; Iberis saxatilis,white ; until the Rose is held securely,it is replaced upon the tubes, previously
Iris altica,yellow, veined purple ; I. reticulata,blue purple, blotched yellow
A stand for twenty-four blooms
filledwith pure rain water."
of Dahlias
yellow ; (Enothera
; Lilium tenuifolium, scarlet ; Narcissus juncifolius,
should be 48 inches in length, by 18 inches in width from front to back.
white ; Orobus vemus, purple ; Phlox
yellow ; CE. taraxacifolia,
macrocarpa,
It should be raised at the back 7 inches, and 3^ inches in front. The
rose
verna,
angustifoliarubra, purplish red ; Scilla sibirica, holes should form three lines of eight each, and should be 6 inches from
; Fulmonaria
blue ; Sempervivam
californicum,fine for edging, leaves in green rosettes, centre to centre, and 3 inches from the outside. The metal tube for the
tipped brown ; Silene alpestris,white ; S. Schafta, rosy pink ; Sisyrin- water may be 1 inch in diameter, and should fit into the holes of the
obium
grandidorum. purple; Symphytum
caucasicum, blue; Trollius
board ; the wooden
tube to receive the bloom, and
fittinginto the metal
lemon ; T. napellifolius,
asiaticus,orange
yellow ; tube, should rise 1 J inch above the board.
yellow ; T. europseus.
The colour of the board should
and Zephyranthes candidus, white.
These do not exceed 18 inches in
The
of a stand for twelve blooms
be a livelybright green.
dimensions
height, though soil,"c., make considerable differences.
of Dahlias can be easily deduced
from the foregoing. Such a box as that
What
Ornamental
Plants?
(13".F, S.)*" Your prize list is so
are
just described would be suitable for Roses if shown in single trusses ; for
would
be almost too large,while
that under
the dimensions
the title '* Ornamental
vaguely worded
Plants," any plants single blooms of Roses
and
all plants,tender
for bunches
trusses it would
in the
of three
scarcely affjrd suflBcient space.
or
hardy, that are cultivated for ornament
of the box, not
For Roses
be fastened
to the bottom
the tubes may
mittee,
stove, greenhouse, or garden, may be exhibited in that class. The comperhaps, iotended the class for ornamental-foliaged
using a board as in the case of Dahlias, and the spaces filled up with
plants ; if so,
for Roses
most
freeh green
suitable colour for a box
is
"cannot
moss.
The
they publishthat ?
number
dark green.
several boxes
in showing
a
of
use
You
may
Vegetable
Marrow
Fruit
not
Swelling
{One in Trouble).-~We
cases
trusses or blooms.
am
excellent, especially where
Chapman's
should attribute the non-setting of the fruit to want
of heat, but it may
The Verbenas
set up
fiowers bave to be sent to a distince.
yoa may
arise from want
of light, as you
of a
at the back
say the plants are
according to taste.
Cucumber
frame.
have too much
when
the
They cannot
sun,
nor,
the
of
fruit going
Cucumbers
not
Swelling
"weather is hot, too copious supplies of water.
We
should fertilise the
(A Beginner), The cause
off is deficient root-action, and
think a deficiency of
we
in your
warmer
than it has been
case
flowers,and unless the weather be very much
bottom heat. The bottom heat ought to be confined beneath
the bed or
with us for the past eight weeks, no water will be required. Watering in
or
how can
quired
dull cold weather does no good to such plants as these. Warmth
border in which
the plants are
grown,
is,we
you maintain the reconfine the heat by a 4.^-inch
bottom heat of 70'^to 75*^? We would
think, what is needed, and with it we have no doubt year plants will do
weU ; without it they will probably fail.
wall, with opeuings at every 3 feet,and slidingdoors to let out any excess
"
of heat.
What
call the '" old sow
is usually called the woodlouse.
you
Tomato
Seed
Saving
(C.P.)" Let the fruit remain on the plant until
The
best plan of destroying these insects is to place a littlehay loosely
house for a
thoroughly ripe,then gather and lay it on a shelf in a warm
round
the sides of the structures
they infest,and in the morning pour
few days ; afterwards squeeze the fruit into a saucer
of water, and with
the hay. This, of course, kills
the walls a little above
boiling water down
the hand wash the pulp from
the seed. The seeds will sink. Run off the
all it touches, and
will entirely destroy them,
repeated several times
water clear of the pulp, place the seed in the sun
to dry, and when
time
cannot
When
this method
be adopted
will
in
they
though
reappear.
thoroughlydried store it in paper in a cool dry place.
of the boiling water
account
on
beiog likelyto injure plants, your best
Composition
Reducing
for
the
Light
a
Greenhouse
in
ber).
(Subscriplan will be to place a boiled potato wrapped lightlyin a littlehay in a
All things considered we do not think anything equal to whitening
the woodlice are
small flower-pot,and
put the pot on its side where
and
skimmed
milk, bringing the whitening to the consistency of thin
troublesome.
This trap should
be examined
morning, and the
every
paint, and applying it with a thin brush to the inside of the roof. There is woodlice
A numb;;r
into boiling water.
of
secreted in the hay shaken
wash that you could apply to the outside that would be permanent, if traps of this kind, put down
no
in the morning,
night and examined
every
it must
resist rains, but the above wash
applied to the inside would
are
will soon
thin their numbers.
(W. H. C)." Your Cucumbers
suffering
not be liable to be washed off,and in autumn
could be removed
and light in the same
as those referred to in the preceding answer.
way
admitted
to the plants. In winter
greenhouse plants cannot have too
Bedding
Pit for
Plants
Wintering
(A Cottage Gardener)." Without
much
light. Could you not have a few rapid-growing climbers ? We
cansider 6 feet quite wide enough. When
a path inside we
wider, pits are
liave our greenhouse-roof covered
partiallywith Tacsonitis Van-Volxemi
not handy for the examination
of the plants. The front we would have
and moUissima, and Fassifloras Comte
Nesselrode, cferulea racemosa
construct
1 foot 4 inches, and the back 2 feet 2 inches high. By all means
in fine bloom, and will
rubra, and Countess
Guiglini,and they are now
the sides and ends of inch boards, with a 1^-inchcavity for sawdust.
continue so until autumn.
They have a fine appearance, very different The boards will need to be bolted
a piece of wood
in
p
utting
together,
from
any artificialshading.
about 1^ inch wide at every 3 feet,and the depth of the frame, the bolts
Jasmine
not
Flowering
(JB.M. af.)."You do not say on what aspect passing through it. The boards should be tongaed and grooved. The
plant is situated,but we presume
it is south, which is best,though
your
side ventilators we consider unnecessary.
We should think in the warm
it succeeds
tolerablywell on both east and west aspects. The soil,we
position you describe bedding plants of the hardier kinds may safely be
in a window
suppose, is well drained, and lightrather than heavy. Train in the shoots
wintered.
You may work a propagating frame
facing the
required for extension at about 9 inches apart, and from them will pronorth, removing the plants,when struck, to your frame. The earliest time
ceed
side or foreshoots,which
12 inches long, but if you can remove
the majority of their
as
usually flower when
Apple and Pear trees is as soon
they do not, stop them at the second
third pair of leaves. The stopor
have fallen. Against the gable of your house due south, and with
leaves
ping
will concentrate the forces of the plant on the bases of the shoots, the kitchen flue rnnning up the centre we think an Apricot would be the
the light and air admitted
and from
the wood will ripen with greater most profitablefruit tree. Grapes might do, but in these days of cheap
certainty,and on that depends the next year's flowering.In the case of
glass out-door Grapes bring but little. Espiran and Royal Muscadine
consider it well to cut them back after flowering
flowering shoots we
to
are
good for walls. Plant in March, and 4 feet apart, training up with
within a few inches of their base. Between
the main
shoots you may
two rods.
lay in any vigorous shoots, but it ia best to avoid overcrowding, and in
Management
Cool-house
(Subscriber)."Vot the next two months you
winter, or rather early in spring,cut-in all the side or front shoots to will
You
need no
higher temperature than that afforded by the sun.
within an inch of their base, and
shorten the extension shoots to the
must
air as possible on flue days, and a littleall night, even
as much
give
In very dry, hot weather, when
firm wood.
the plant is flowering,
give a
No
flre will be needed, unless the temperature, from a
in dull weather.
good soaking of water once or twice a-week.
of cold weather, fall below 55",and then you may
continuance
give a little
Casting
Leaves
Rhododendron
its
{Idem). The
the
fire heat to have the temperature at from 50" to 55" at night when
casting of the
be due to dryness at the root,arising from the plant being
leaves may
fruit is ripening ; but except in very dull and cold weather no harm will
raised considerably above the surrounding level. In this case we would
result from not employing fire heat. If the days are hot and the nights
lower the plant, stillkeeping the collar rather high,and give a mulching
cold the fruit will ripen perfectly,though the temperature at night may
It would
of cow
have been well not to have allowed the leafless fall below
dung
50". From
5b" to 55" is the night temperature most
suitable,
the seed vessels; allowing them
plant to flower. Remove
to remain
dull days, and from 15" to 20" or more
and on that a rise of 10" on
on
the growth considerably. Water
weakens
Do not
of air.
freelyin dry weather.
bright days will suit. The main point is to giveabundance
"

"

"

"

"

56

JOURNAL

OP

HORTICULTUEE

AND

Glazikg
(Subscriber in Ser?is).~^You sJbonld refer to the page and
volume.
'Whdi gioo-vpp are
"8td for glrziDp they fhould be deeper and
"wider tban the pJass. If the glass is to be fixed fiom
beEeath
fiimly in
the groove
without
putty, slips of irdiaiulber, or narrow
list,or 'soft
cord, may be need with
advi uiage.
Were it not for getting the squares
out easily,even
if we
would
had grooves, we
use
putty; bnt the other
admit
of the fqunres
modes
with little trouble. Tight
beirg ftmoved
would
be dangt roue, and
therefore the groove
grooves
muft
depend on
the size of the glass. One disadvantage in fisiiig
glass in grooves with
is broken
there is a difficulty
putty ip,that when
a square
in takingthe
broken pieces out of the grooves.

COTTAGE

GAEDENEB.

[ July 20, 1871.

out of the county,as, unfortunately,

there are very fevr
I may add that there will be a meeting of the proviEicnal
committee
the first Thursdayin August to decide whether
the
thow takes place or not, and this must
entirelydepend upon
the promises of support we then receive ; so that 1 would
urge
all those diepofed to help us to crmmunicate
with 'he
upon
M
r.
John
vizes,
Honorary Secretary,
Marsh, 42, Maiket
Place, Deas
made
to him will
earlyas possible. Any tuggesiioiis
receive the beet consideration of the committee.
the meanIn
time
Gas-heatikg
(Jn Jmatevr).
We
cannot
as
to gns-beating
say more
our
or
will be
Honorary Secreta)y
than is contained
in ^o, 841.
We
are
rather shy in giving the size of
any of the committee
boiler and
pipe for gas-beating, so much
glad to give any infoimalion which may be required. Any
depends on the maungeruent.
Were the case
our
in such
a small
owd.
bouse as 18 feet by 12,we would
gentleman feelingdisposedto attend the meeting, to be held at
have two or three of the fmall
iron stoves
now
so
common,
place an
Mr. Marsh's
office on Thursday, August 3rd, at eleven o'clock,
argand burner beneath or in each, and take a quarter-inch pipe from the
will be gladly
welcomed.
One of the
If you
could
Committee.
have a small stoktho'e outside, the
top through the roof

bitors
in it.

"

"

would
best mode
be to talie a tmall flue beneaih
The
a tiled floor.
pense
exof erecting such a house would depend on
its height, whether it
to be a span-rool or a If an-to, or whether
was
to be fixed in
the glass was
sashes, or merely laid on rafter sath bftrs,and large squares were
used
orchard-house
faehion.
For such work
our
advertising columns
supply
he lowest prices.

THE

ANTWERP,

AND

THE

THE

VOLANT

ANTWERP

OR

WHITE

CARRIER

EYE,

PIGEONS.

I ASSUME
the Antwerp proper to be the Dove-faced,silvereyed Pigeon, of mealy or strawberry plumage and reddishbarred wings,notorious for its almost irreclaimable wild nature
Hock
a
Dove, except in colour of feather. And on this
spring
assumption I conceive the Yolant or White Eye to be the offof the Antwerp proper and the Belgianor French
White
House
Dove, so showing the silverywhite eye and mealy or
white plumage of its parents, and displajing
strawberry-tinted
the power of flight
Names
of the Antwerp proper, accompanied by the
Feuits
of
(H. B. ".1." No. 1, Sir Joseph Paxton ; 2, Comte
de
Kemove
the suckers
Paris; 8, Piesidtnt.
from jour standard
Eoees.
domesticated
habits of the House
Dove, and thus bred on for
Names
op
Plahts
("ar7ies}."Ppirseaarisefolia {G.Bayliss).
"'Day aWio.
enduring high flightsover
home, in which it is becoming
pyxidata, one of the Hare's-foot Ferns,
{f as(7'o).~Stoveplant, Tradesfamous.
And I assume
the Antwerp Carrier to be of the Antwerp
cantia discolor. Fern, Nepbrodium
pubescens. [Mrs. St. John).~l\,\a s.
proper and the Dragoon descent,and also bred on, but
very chaiming while Liljwort, H^aciiitbns princeps of Baker, a plant of
recent
introduction from
Scnth Africa, and onlv quite latelynamed.
for homing flights,
for which
thus
its inherent
A
propensities,
figurewill be found in Mr. W. W. Saundeis's publication,the "Refugium
derived,amply qualifythis Pigeon. Some of these birds are
Botanicum," at plate 175. Of course
it is very widely separated from all
ash, some
blue, and others chequered, the ash showing the
the more
known
commonly
Hyacinths, (ii/iw"crb)." You are unreasonable
to expect us to name
mealy or strawberry caste of the Antwerp proper, with the
twenty-two sfecimf-ns. We adhere to our rule
to name
not
more
tban six. 1, Lantrea Filix-mas ; 6, Nepholepis exal*
reddish bars of its wings ; and some
have the silveryeye of the
tata ; 7, Scolopeudrium
vulpare crispum ; 8, Athyrium Filix-foemina ;
Antwerp proper, and others the Dragoon orange or fiery-red
10, Lastrea
FiJis-mas, poljdactyla; 18, Blechnum
Spicnnt. {J. G.,
"
Therefore
Brighton). We well rtmember
mongrels and cousins are the Volant or
eye.
your Rose specimena aniving, but what
of them
became
tell. We
we
cannot
White
and conceive
apo'ogise for this,and beg you will
Eye and the Antwerp Carrier,as I assume
send UB other specimens.
(J. TT.)."Both your names
are
correct.
1, Althem to be ; bnt no puristcan apply the epithet" mongrel " to
sine tenuifoHa ; 2, Lotus tenuip,which, by-the-by,is only a narrow-leaved
bird
in
its
Keabee.
either
ordinarysignification.
variety of L corniculatus.
(G. B. .4.)." Euonymus
japonicus. It is a
greenhouse p'ant. and succeeds
well under
ment.
ordinary greenhouse treat[We sent your note to the same authorityas before,and he
It bk oms
at the present season
of the year, but its flowers have
"
replies:
White-eyed *
My opinion of the origin of the
nothing whatever
to, recommend
them, being green, small, and insignificant.
[Peter Paferson)." Santonna
chamsecyparissus. (G. J.)."The
Pigeons,as described by Beader,' is publishedon page 450 of
Eansom
or
Eamps, Allium
uisinum.
Pronounce
Lichen
if it were
as
His peculiarquestionsare most difficult to
your last volume.
spelt "Li-ken."
[E.M. T.)."Begonia fuchsioides.
('7fl7e)."
1,Anngallis
understand,and almost impossibleto replyto in a satisfactory
tenella,Bog Pimpernel ; 2. Euphrasia efficinalis,
Eyebright ; S, Thymus
took
Serpyllum, wild Thyme.
manner.
(J. F. Cransicick).-!,Cvstopteris fragilis,
'Antwerps proper,'as he calls them, originally
var,
dentata; 2, C. fragilis,
typical state; 3, Platyloma rotundifolia ; 4. Nepbrodium
from the city in Belgium buaringthat name.
their name
They
decursivo-pinnaium.
We
offer you
the following list from
I
have
before
esteemed
almost
for,and
said,
exclusively
are, as
which to select ; all are
All will do well in a greenpreity littlegems,"
house,
fore
and several
of them
judged by, their aerial performances as voyageurs, and therearehardy :" Ceterach oflacinarum; Asplenium
Trichomanes, var.
incisum ; Lastrea glabella,or L
decomposita, var.
theyare of all sizes,colours,and shapes, ranging from
glabella; Notholsena flava,or cbrysopbylla
N.
nivea" both of these are
;
the Carrier to the Owl, from which
two varieties tbey have
sometimes
refeired
to the gecus
Cincinalis; Microlepia (or Davallia)
These
birds are
most
of them
unquestionably sprung.
very
novffi-zelandj.'e;
Asplenium fontanum; Cheilantbes hirta,C. mHrantas, or
C. alabamensis; Cystojiterisfragilisand
its var.
dentata; Asplenium
numerous,
very cheap,and very ngly ; the latter point,lilsethat
viride and A. lanceolatum
; Myriopteris (or Cbeilanthes) myrit-pbylla or
indication of high
of the bull dog, is often regarded as a sure
lendigera ; Aleurrpteris mtxicana
rigida ; Polypodium calca- I
; Lastrea
to
the Belgians have, in their endeavours
Teum,8ndP. Pheeopteiis. We should add some
of the dwitrfer varieties of 1 quality. However,
well as
as
utilise the instinct of the Pigeon,profitedgreatly,
Lady Ftm.
{A Young Oardener).~l
and
2 are
both Alyssum saxatile ;
No. 1 in a younger
and
more
robust condition, tlooming in its prime;
amused
themselves,and have also by the supposed admixture
No. 2 from
older
an
seed-bearing plant, less vigorous than the other.
ing
obtainof the Carrier,
of our
Owl, and Barb, been the means
odoratum
3, Erysimum
; 4, Corydalis lutea.
(For-an-Darrof/i)."Your
the
show
so
Grass is an exceptional condition, and is somewhat
Antwerp, now
greatlyadmired and earnestly
inte mediate
between
Festcca duriuscula and F. prutensis. We incline to think it is the former,
additional
after
in
and
the
of
cross
sought
England ;
although
few-flowered and the outer palea is clearlyawned, but
are
as its spikt-lets
it has
the Barb may not have improved their flyingproperties,
more
robust
it is somewhat
than ordinary for this species. F. pratensis
show birds.
Their colours
added greatlyto their appearance
as
should have more
flowers in a spikeletand have no
awns
card
dis; hence we
the idea of referring your specimen to this species,although a figure are
Blues,Blue Chequers, Duns or Mealies,and Eed Chequers.
in "Fl. Danica"
well with
(t.13i'3),
agrees
your
plant and is authentic.
1 have in my
ten
possession a Mealy hen, which has won
The other names
you suggest we
is a
decidedlyrepudiate. F. racemosa
prizes,flyingfrom Paris to Brussels ; she is a singularmixture
never
myth, and was
applied except to a South American
plant from
of the Carrier, Owl, and Barb, and possesses the size,
Quito. (H. M. J.)'"Koe'reuteria panieulata. (Mrs. PoHocA)." Centranstrength,
thus ruber.
and wart of the former, the sprightliuess
of the Owl, and the
massive
head of the Barb.
I have
upwards of a hundred
Antwerps, and have kept them for years, won very many prizes
PIGEON
POULTRY,
BEE, AND
CHRONICLE.
in the show pen, and in a quiet way have tested their homio);
and proved them good. All Pigeonsmay be termed
properties,
I am
Volants ;' with any special breed of that name
acquainted."]
unA WILTSHIRE
POULTRY
SHOW.
Boiler
not
Woeking
Well
(A. S.)." We
consider the removal of the
boiler desirab:e,ccnstTucting a shed for it. Take care
to have the boiler
low enough, so thnt the waUr
may have a gentle rise from the tip of the
boiler to the termination
of the flow pipe, not allowing any depression
until the highest point be gained. There you should have in each compartment
or
house
an
air pipe, which
fbould be somewhat
longer or
heat the pits with hot
higher than the feeding cistern.
By all menus
water.
It is well to bdve pipes on the same
level to insure recularit y of
heating, but they may be on different levels,only you will need to attend
to the valves.
more

"

"

"

"

'

"

'

"

'

"
With reference to the remarks of "Wiltshike
Eeciok
as
to a proposed show of Poultryand Pigeons for Wiltshire,
I must
ask you to allow me
to supplement his remarks
and say, Our
object is to establish a show to be held annually either in

MOULTON
This

POULTRY

SHOW.

Show, though a manifest improvementon those which hav"

preceded it at the same
injured by
place,wag, no doubt, considerably
other town
in the county which
Devizes,or some
can
provide the show held the day before at Oondle, a largeproportion
of the birds
a saitable building; bnt to enable
to do this we must
ua
to a
been
entered for both meetings.The weather was
having
nckilyline,
the helpwe receive from exhivery great extent depend upon
thoughthe earlymorningdid not look at oU promiBing.The heai of

JOURNAL

58

There

also

HORTICULTURE

OP

AND

of Car/GBirds,bnt these did not show in

for this purpose,
beiuR inappropriate
the first-prize
Yellow Norwich,
some
good birds,notably
blaze of colour,the second in that class beinga good
one
and
Belgian. The firstin Buffs was a Belgianof good properties,
the second Norwich.
was

greatnumbers,
but there
which was

show

the time of year

were

GkidE."Black'breasted
Red."l, C. Chaloner, Wbitwell, Chesterfield.
2, W.
Bradford.
Brown-breasted
Red."l, Miss
S, J. W. Thornton.
Eccleshill.
2, J. Hodgson, Bradford.
Any
3, F- Sales, Crewle.
other Variety. --\, B. Jarvie, Mansfield.
2,F. Salea.
Any colour.
3,Withheld.
1 and
"Cock.
2. C. Chaloner.
Cup, G. F. Ward, Wrenbury, Nantwich.
,1
Withheld.
Fell.
C.
W.
Haworth.
Chaloner.
Hen.~l,
Spencer,
3,
2,
8.
Spanish
(Black)." 1, T. 0. " E. Newbitt, Epworth. 2, H. Beldon, Goitstock.
Bingley. 3, J. J. Booth, Siladen, Leeds.
CncHiN-CHiNA."
Cheshire.
1,H. Lacy, Hebden
Bridge. 2,J. Sichel.JTimperley,
S, H. Beldon,
Bbahma
Pootra."
1, Cup, and 2, H. Lacy. 3, H. Beldon.
"H.AViBVRoss.SUver-spangled."l,
2, and 3, H. Beldon.
Golden-spangled.
1, J. KoUiQ3on, Lindley,Otlftv. 2 and 3, H. Beldon.
Silver-pencilled."
1, 2. and
Goldcn-penc illed."l and 3, H. Beldon.
2. -T.Rollinson.
Black.
3, H. Beldon.
C.
3 J. Smith. Gilstead, Bindley.
SidEwick, Keighley. 2, H, Beldon.
"1,
Any
other
Bantams."
except
vartrtt
1 and 3, H. Beldon.
2, J. Siehel.
Breed."
Ant
Chickens.
i, C. Sidgwick. 2, J. Clayton,Allerton
(Game).
3. W. H. Baxter, Idle (Cochins).
Game
BkHTh-as."
Black-breasted
F. Entwisle.
W.
Brd"l,
Westfield, Clcckheaton.
St. Clements.
2, W. Grice,Crosshouse.
Bootle, Carnforth.
3, W. Adams.
Ips^7ich. BrowR-hreastrd Rcd."l
and 2, W. F. Entwisle.
3, Withheld.
Any other Variety." 1 and 2, W. F. Entwisle
(Piles and Duckwings). 3, J.
Stabler. Driffield (Piles), Any colour"
J.
BlaCock," 1, W. F. Entwisle.
2,
mires, Great Horton, Bradford.
3, Withheld.
Bantams."
2, -T, Walker,
Biacfr.-l,S. " R. Ashton, Roe Cross, Mottram.
Halifax,
3, Withheld.
Any other Variety." 1 and
Cup, H. Beldon.
2, J.
Hall (Japanese).
Sichel, Timperley (Pekin). 3, J. Watts, Hazlewell
Class,"
Selling
1,B, Jarvis, Mansfield,
(Game).
2, H. Beldon
3,Frankland
and Aspden, Church
Hall. Accrinpton,
Ducks."
Aylesbury or Rouen."
1, .1. Newton, Silsden, Leeds
(Rouen). Any
other Variety. I and 3, W. Binns, Pudsey (Brahma
and Brown
Decoy). 2, S
and B. Ashton
(Carolina).
PIGEONS.
Cocfc." 1 and 2, G, J. Taylor, Fai-to\vn. Huddersfield.
CAHRrnns."
he, J. C.
Hen.
: E. Horner,
Leeds
Ord. London
Harewood,
(2); J. Liahma^, Bradford.
"1 and 2, G. J. Taylor, vhc, E. Horner,
he. G. J. Taylor E, Horner.
PotTTEHS."
Coc/c" 1, J, Lishman.
ham
he,H. Yardley, Birming2, E. Homer,
; G. J. Taylor ; J. Lishman.
Hen.~l, ,T.Lishman.
2, G. J. Taylor, he,G.
J. Taylor ; E. Homer
Cannan, Bradford.
; J. W.
TuMB-LERs."
vhc F.
Short-faced." 1 and Cup, E. Horner.
2, G. J. Taylor,
H,
T.
Feniscowlea.
Moore, Burnley,
he,
Yardlfiy ;
c, F. Moore
Waddington,
;
E. Horner.
Common
"1, J. Lishman.
2, J. M. Braid, Cambridge,
he, J.
Preston, Allerton. Bradford
; J. Lishman,
Barbs."
2. G. J. Taylor,
1, E. Horner.
he,T. Waddington
; E. Horner.
Owls
(English)." 1 and 2. J. W. Cannan, Bradford,
he,J. Thresh, Bradford ;
J. Crosland, jun.. Wakefield
H. Baxter.
; W.
TDRBIT3.
G. J
1, J. Lishman.
2, G. Roper, Croydon, he, H, Yardley;
Taylor ; H. G. Poole, Bradford
; J. Lishman.
Fantatls."
Notts.
1, .T. F. Loversidge, Newark.
2, T. Waddington. vhc, W
H, Tomlinson, Newark-on-Trent.
he. H. Yardley; J. Lishman.
Jacobins.1, G. Roper. 2, W. H. Tomlinson.
he,G. J. Taylor ; T. Waddington
Fell, Adwalton.
J. A. Aykroyd,
"

"

"

"

"

COTTAGK

GARDENER.

[ July 20,1871.

of Sutherland contributed a fine specimen of the British wild cat^

It was caught in a trap in Sootland,and had lost
genuineand rare.
a partof itsfore foot. Anything more
savage than it conld
scarcely
be

imagined,for

after many
made to get it ont of its
attemptswere
the exhibition-cage,
it was
resolved to show it as it
of
its
than
risk
the
was,
danger
escape.
The white cats were
well represented,
and in the Long-hair class a
very beautiful Angora with deepblue eyes was awarded the firstprize.
In the Short-hair class the two distinctkinds of white contended
and grey-white,
the former takingthe firstprize.
viz.,the yellow-white
The cat sent as a Tortoiseahell Tom was
a true tortoisenot,in reality
the
colour
of
shell,
a
white,
being
grey tabby,yellow tabby, and
and red. The Judgesonlyawarded
instead of black,yellow,
a seconi
cats were
and
of them of
some
prizeto it. The long-haired
large,
into
travelling-den
rather

"

very

colours,such
lovely

as

very

lightfawn, light grey, deep black,

dark brown, and other varieties. There, also,were

cat with
the Manx
tinytail,and the Crimean cat almost tailless; Indian cats of a rich
uniform Rabbit-grey,
and
black
the
first
sandy cats,
cats,
prizeof thelast colour beingexceedingly
brilliant. There, also,were
a coupleof
Siamese cats, marked
and of the same
hue as the pug dog,and of
and
delicateform
and
of
which had
there,also,were cats,four
light
;
double feet on the fore legs,
and nearlyso on the hind, and also many
other novelties. In fact,the collectionwas well worthyof attention,
and was, without doubt,a very great success, so much
so, that thePalace Company intend to have another Show in the autumn.
Crystal
believe that the public
One would scarcely
to
would be so wrong
as
enter black cats in a white class,
white cats in a tabby class,
and black
and white in a tabby class,yet such was the case, and many
the
were
in consequence.
Such carelessness,
disqualifications
or
ness,
thoughtlessto us almost wUfnl.
seems
The Judges were
the Rev. G, Cumming Macdonna, the well-known
breeder and owner
of the celebrated St. Bernard dog,Mr. John Jenner
Weir, F.L.S., and Mr. Harrison Weir, F.R.H.S., who exhibited a very
beautiful blue tabby(notfor competition),
called
The Old Lady,"^
aged twelve years, which attracted considerable attention on account of
her fine quality
of colour. Old Toji.
*'

"

THE

SEXES

OF

BEES'

EGGS.

In resuming my pen
whioh expressionmust, however, be
taken metaphoricallyrather than literally,
since I dictate these
lines from
recumbent
a
position,in falteringaccents, and I
fear me
in somewhat
uncertain
to be transcribed by
grammar,
Cannao.
; J. W.
the active and untiringfingersof the loved and loving one,
Dragoons.
1. W.
S. Stanhone,
Eceleshill.
Birkenhead.
2, F. Graham,
vhe, W. H. Mitchell,Moaeley, Birmingham,
T.
Bradford
E.
he,
Speight,
;
watchful care
and unwearying tenderness
I owe
to whose
it,
Horner.
under God's providence,that I have at length emerged from a
2. J. W
AvTvrERPB.-Short-faced.-J, J. Cundall, Copt Hewick, Ripon.
ColUnson, Halifax,
ha, J. Jackson, Eceleshill.
c, H. Yardley.
Workin(j." prolongedsojournin the dark valleyof the shadow
of death into
J. Jackson;
W. Lund
1, W. Lund, Shipley. 2. E, Horner,
he, J. Cundale;
the twilightof a tardy and uncertain improvement, which, however,
D, Riddioughj'un Bradford
; J. Crosland, jun. ; Clayton " Bairstow.
Any
other
Variety."!, J. Cundale.
(Whole class highly
2, J. Lishman.
I trust may yet prove to be the actual dawn of permanent
commended.)
I say, then,that in resuming my pen after very many
Selling
Class. "1, F. Moore, Burnley
recovery
hill.
(Tumblers). 2, H. Stanhope, Eceleshe, T. Speicrht; E.Horner;
J. Lishman.
months
of painfuland enforced abstinence from writingon my
Point Cup for Pigeons,G. J. Taylor.
favourite subject,I cannot
R. S.,'*
refrain from thanking
CAGE
BIRDS.
Mr. S. Bevan Fox, and many
other friends and apiariancontributors
Canaries," CZcar Telloro."l,
J. Shepherd. Bradford.
9. L. Belk, Dewsbury.
7ic.J. Whitaker, Great Horton
Clear Buff.
to "our
; W.
Heap, Queeusgate, Bradford,
munications
Journal,"whose able and interestingcom2, W. Heap, Bradford,
"1. J. Whitaker.
ha, G. Gott. Calverley ; J. Shepherd.
have so well replaced my own
humble
tions
contribu" Fawcett, Baildon.
c. Hutton
Even-marked."
1..J. Shepherd.
2, L. Belk.
Any other Variety."1,J. Shepherd.
bee subjects. I owe
also my best thanks to *' B. " W,"
on
2, L. Belk (TickedBelgian), lie,Hutton
and Fawcett; W. Heap.
and numerous
apiarianfriends and correspondentswho have
MuLT^s.1, T. Nowell, Baildon.
he, J.-Shepherd.
2, W. Heap,
Larks."
1. T. Barrett, Manningham.
either publiclyor privatelyexpressed their warm
2, J, Close.
sympathy
British
Birds
(Any other variety)."!, W. Heap,
2, J. Shepherd.
"
and
kind
wishes.
Sweet," it is said," are the uses of adverBirds
Foreign
(Any other variety).- 1,J. Shepherd. 2 and c, W. Heap.
sity,"and surelyone of the sweetest of these is that kindly
Rabbits
J. Buckley, Bradford.
(Any variety)."!,
2, J. Preston, Allerton.
which
in times
nature
of suffering
and
phase of human
he, J. Thwaites, Bradford.
tion,
afHlction knits togethermore
firmlythe bonds of family affecJudges.
Mr.
C.
W. Brierley,
Rhodes House, Middleton ;
:
Poultry
converts
acquaintances into friends,and elicits expressions
Mr. John
and Cage Birds: Mr.
Douglas,Clamber. Pigeons.,
Mdbhits,
of heartfelt sympathy from distant and almost unknown
E. HnttoD, Pudsey.
correspondents,who might heretofore have been well
deemed
ignorantof everythingregardingus save the bare fact
CRYSTAL
PALACE
CAT
SHOW.
To all these, and proud am
I to say that
of our
existence.
A CAT Show ? Yes, a veritableshow of oats was held at the Cryetal
there are many such,I would also tender my warmest
aoknowat which about 150 cats were
Palace,on the 13th inst,,
present. Taking ledsments and heartfelt thanks.
into consideration the largenumber
of cats keptin London
alone,the
said
thus
much
on
matters
to
Having
personal myself,I now
Directors of the Crvstal Palace, from a suggestionof Mr. Harrison
turn to the main subjectof this communication.
Whilst fully
Weir, resolved to hold a Show, and the result far exceeded their most
with "B. ifcW.," that nothingof this kind can
be
sanguineexpectations.
Early in the morning the visitorsbegan to agreeing
arrive,and up to the time of closingthere was no cessation,nearly proved beyond a doubt by a singleexperiment,and that it is
of the household pets,though possiblethat a queen may
on
to obtain a sight
as if
20,000 persons striving
very rare occasions deposit,
unable
to do so owing to the cages having by mistake, a worker
in the same
were
manner
many, unfortunately,
egg in a drone cell,
been arrangedin a doable line instead of a single,
which would
have
isolated drone eggs are sometimes
found to have been laid
as
afforded to the publica view of two sides of each cage instead of one,
I am
bound to say that no such instance has
in worker cells,
and thus distributed the pressure ; but even
the railway companies
ever
presented itself to my notice,and that I believe that if
were
taken by surprise
and hundreds of
of visitors,
as to the number
it is so rare
it occurs
ever
a case
that,so long as Mr. Pettigrew
to
peoplewere leftbehind at the differentstationsfrom want of room
avoids transition cells,
and experimentsonly with such eggs as
carry them forward.
are
depositedin those of the full drone size,he may spend the
But to the Show.
There
was
a
hope that the famous Edinburgh
remainder
of his life in the pursuitwithout succeedingin developing
cat would be sent, but the owner
considered it too far. Yet one was
bee from any egg which he may find
there from South Bermondseyof a heavier weight 21 J lbs,being nearly
a single queen
than the celebrated Scot.
a
The
pound more
next in weight was
a
placedin a drone cell. The fact that all eggs laid in these cells
black and white,
which onlyturned the scale at 185 lbs. The Duke
will produce drones and nothingelseiis moreover
ioUy esta"

"

"

"

"

"

"

JOURNAL

Jaly 20, 1871. ]

OF

HORTICULTURE

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

59

I did so, but my

diately
immesuspicionswere
aroused by observingno worker brood, and by the royal
drone combs.
I opened one, and
cells being constructed
on
"
it contained a drone nymph, luxuriating
coincided with his own, and from whose
Mysteries found, as anticipated,
originally
his
for
brief
a
nd
in support of
a
several passages
ward
receivingall the outof Bee-keeping,"
peculiar
royaldainties,
space on
"
With Mr. Pettigrew
marks of royaldignityand honour.
views are
quoted in Mr. Pettigrew's" Handy-Book of Bees
I
delusion.
No
doubt
the
in
astonishment
the
all
either
omitted
at
instinct
join
entirely
however,
nearly
(whichpassages are,
at fault ; perhaps it is also at
or
materiallymodified in the later edition of Mr. Qainby's of the bee is here somehow
book),has since made the identicalexperiment which has been fault when royalcellsare constructed and sealed in cases where
claresthere are no grubs at all. Bat be this as it may, no royal bee
deTinsuccessfnlly
attempted by Mr. Pettigrew,and he now
from eggs deposited or queen can be reared except from female or worker eggs, and
that the attempt to rear
queens
himself
and
with
cells
has
failed
in drone
others, Mr. Pettigrew must abandon his untenable theory,which is
so
utterfy
and
of a bygone age, that eggs have no sexual character,
one
that he and they have "no
longer any hope of success." He
bees have anythingto do in imparting such
that " the reason
undoubtedlyis,that eggs that the common
adds, moreover,
characteristics to the eggs after they are depositedby the queen
laid in drone cells are not impregnated."
It seems
to me, however, that the most conclusive proof of in the cells. J. Lowe.
the sex of an egg after it has
of bees to reverse
the inability
and
in the comb, is afforded by those rare
been deposited
once

blished by a witness whose evidence Mr. Pettigrew himself

will scarcelyventure to set aside. Mr. Qainby, the eminent
American
and practical
apiarian,whose opinions on this point

from

the combs.

"

singular instances in which, as if by mistake and by some

HIVES.
LEAVING
THEIR
QUEENS
ference
default in their usuallyunerring instincts,
they without interYour correspondent,
Mr. Lowe, must explainon other grounds
the part of the apiarian,attempt of their own
mere
on
which
I mentioned
three weeks
the remarkable circumstance
motion
to raise a queen from a drone egg or grub. Only one
The
driven Italian hive was rather weak at the time I
under
direct observation, back.
such instance has ever come
my own
made
the swarm
out of it,being, in fact,only about three
in the pages
of " our
recorded
and this was
at the time
and bees,and saved by springfeedingfrom
full of comb
Journal." Writing at a distance from home, I am, unfortunately, parts
examined
the combs
perishingof famine. Moreover, I carefully
nnable to refer to back numbers, but the circumstances
were
in
search
of possibleroyalcells,of which I was
after
driving
of my then numerous
brieflythese :" Some years ago, in the course
I cut out a largepiece of brood
much
in need.
Finding none
or
queen-rearingoperations,I formed a small swarm
nucleus,to which I gave a comb containingworker-brood in all
stages,for the purpose of enablingthe bees to raise a queen. It
that this comb consisted partlyof drone
iiappened,moreover,
also were
in which
brood, and at the
cells,
eggs and young
point of junctionbetween the drone and worker cells was
the bees attempted to conformed
the only royalcradle which
struct,
nevertheless
ably,
but which
appeared to progress favourand was in due course
completed. Watching assiduously
I found
I did the development of all my royal protegees,
as
that in this case
fruition was
unduly delayed,and becoming
impatient I cut open the royalcell on the twenty-fourthday
after the formation of the swarm, when instead of the expected
defunct
a living and
princess,I found to my astonishment
fully-developeddrone apparently on the point of making his
first appearance

life'sstage.

on

stituted
wherewith
another artificialswarm
before I subto make
I feel
the hive for the strong and full hybrid stock.
quite certain that there could not have been within it any
royal brood.
Neither is there any mistake as to the issuingof the swarms
Not only
referred to,which I witnessed myself both of them.
the gradual development of royal cells in the
so, I watched
sealed up on
hybrid hive. I saw one or two of them distinctly
the 26th of May.
But the strongestevidence in favour of the
which
correctness of my surmise liesin the fact that the swarm
the 24th of May, out of the Italian driven hive,
issued on
has proved equallydefective in purityof breed as its parent
which
issued
stock,the hybrid; whereas, the second swarm
the 9 th, has extremely wellItalian stock on
from the same
I may
add that the swarm
of the
marked
bees of all ages.
the
24th of May, sent out a magnificent maiden"
swarm
on
of
the
fullest
13th of July,which gave me
opportunity inspecting
the qualityof the hybridisation. In the one case not more
well marked, whereas in the
than half the bees,if so many,
are
bee.
I know not
other it is difficult to see
a
badly marked
what other inference is to be drawn from the facts Ihave stated.
It may
be an
only proves the rule.
ease, which
exceptional
Still I have always considered it far from proven that
queen
take aerial excursions " on fine days in summer
bees never
comb

"

"

Mr. Pettigrew'sattempted experiment

case
however unwittingly,
be deemed
to have been
and,
perhaps, because unwittingly most fullyand fairlycarried
selected a male egg or grub, lavished
"out. The bees themselves
for
upon it all the extra material,food,and attention requisite
the development of a queen, and succeeded in producing only
Bee-keepeb.
drone
!
A
Detonshiee
an
ordinary

Now, surely in this

must

"

"

"

"

several productionson bees which

lime." B. " W.
appear from time to time in the Journal,and which are written
by gentlemen of long experienceand practicalacquaintance
who have bestowed,no doubt, not a littletime
ADAPTED
TO
BEES
LOCALITIES.
with apiculture,
and study in elucidatingthe natural historyand economy
of
WiLLiiM
Fkedeeick
VoGEii,Bu eminent Prussian bee-keeper,
bees,and, moreover, have given the results of that experience says :^" An improved breed equallysuited to all parts of an
and study to the public it is quiteapparent,notwithstanding extensive
country is an impossibility. For each particular
is still,
"all this,that the " bee hive"
confessedlyby them, a district an improved breed specially
suited may be produced.
great "mystery" unexplored full of anomalies and unsolved
the Italian queen
with the black
In a cross, resultingfrom
problems, as knotty as Mr. Pettigrew'squeenless hive studded
drone, degenerationbecame apparent in the second generation,
with fictitious royalcells,
of which we have an account in
-over
the hybrids divided numerically,one
portionresembling the
your last number.
In the fourth or fifth
and the other the black bees.
Italian,
As to the physiological
mystery which appertains to the generationsome of these hybridsreached again the pure Ita lian
sexual character of the eggs when
they first leave the ovaries others the pure black bee."
of the queen, and the change which science asserts some
only
thing
undergo on their passage outwards,I shall at present say no"
"
but
that
each
fixed
as
is
sexually
deposited in
;
egg
BEES.
OF
OLD
AN
SWARM
the cell by the queen is a fact beyond all contradiction. Mr.
town of Knox,
is a swarm
of bees in the adjoining
Theke
Pettigrew'sexperiment is a moat conclusive refutation of the
comb for the past fifteen
"views which
in his " Handy-Book " he seeks to establish ; Albany On.,that has occupiedthe same
found
was
The
swarm
by Benjahive.
min
Such abortive
albeit,though quitetrue, it is not at all new.
years, and in the same
Gallup in the town of Watervliet,Albany Co.,fifteen years
attempts at queen-rearingfrom drone eggs I have frequently
went
He
to
a farmer's
the
roadside.
shrub
on
a
and
the
some
fact
first
along
when
pine
witnessed,
years ago
presented ago,
with as much
interest and curiitselfto my notice,I watched
osity house and procured a box 18 inches square inside. After hiving
lation,
the swarm
in this box, he secured them, with proper ventito results as did Mr. Pettigrew; but, alas ! when the
as
and brought them
home, some
eighteenmiles from tho
mountain
brought forth,instead of a beautiful queen there was
the
have
in
found
them.
same
remained
They
This last week another instance
drone.
produced a monster
spot where he
artifioialised a hive by box ever since,and have oast ofi swarms
to my
notice.
A friend of mine
every season, with the
came
The comb has never
been renewed
division
for the
exceptionof three seasons.
half,unfortunatelyas it
It is

quiteapparent from

"

"

queenless

royal material
asked

me

appeared,

since the bees have occupiedthe box.

all drone cells and brood.
was
to be had
to look at the beautiful royal cells which depended to be in fine condition to commence

no

He

"

At

presentthey appear

the season's work, and

the

they

prospects are

may

continue

to

do

well

for

some

for this
swarm
ia something that accounts
box and comb, and that is,
long in the same
left the hive with a
their castingswarms
nearlyevery season
fertile queen ; the queen
being very fertile kept the
young
colony strong in numbers, which is the best protectionagainst
It also goes to show
and in preservingthe comb.
the moth
with young
colonies furnished
the necessityof keeping our
If this be attended to, we need not fear,with
fertile queens.
there

prosperingso

proper

management,

will crown
but that success
with favourable seasons.

if blessed
bee-culture,
SON, Albany Co.,New

our
"

OBSERVATIONS.

METEOROLOGICAL

Square, London.

Camden

Lat. 51" 32' 40" N. ;

Long. 0"

8' 0"

W. ; Altitode 111 feet.

efforts in

P. J. Seveb-

York.

The schedule of
Show.
Pigeon
and
There are
twenty-one silver cupp, and the
three good ones
in every class.

Poultry

Cheltenham

probable that the latter will require further assistance in respect of

of the surviving queen
The
will,doubtless,
personal appearance
by this time have enabled you to decide for yourself to which race she
how
Without
long the royal cells had been sealed
knowing
belongs.
undertake
to offer an opinion on tho
them we cannot
when
over
you saw
point.
most
food

years.

Now,

[ July 20, 1871.

GABDENEB,

COTTAGE

AND

HOKTICULTUEE

OP

JOUBNAL

60

"

prizesis tempting.
prizesare

money

OUR

as
a

BOX.

LETTER

ford,
Show.
Mr. R-Williinson. of Waterden
"Road,Guildthat it was
he, and not Mr. NichoUs, who took the prize
informs
us
ol marks without obtaining
the exhibitor receiving the highest number
Poultst

Becoles

"

Hen
Polish
a
(C. B.). We are always glad to hear
Asa
to ua.
in your
communication
of such deviations as that noticed
ally
are
are
Polands
so
Hamburghs
non-siiterE!,
role,
; but they both occasionAre you
she is persure
take us by surprise as your hen has done.
fectly
have been a cross, though it does not show itself
true ? There
may
whether she will continue the
in the feather. We shall be curious to know
We
are
glad to hear so good accounts of your
accomplishment or not.
chickens, ours have been very healthy.
Hatching

EEMARKS.

Very fine early and till noon, slight shower at 2.80 p.m., a shor*
at 4.5 p.m., and
heavy one
showery the rest of the day, bat the
whole product very small.
13th." Bain at 8 a.m. ; fine day with slight shower in the evening.
and fair throughout, fine evening, and bright sunset.
14th. Warm
15th. A most
beautiful day, but rather warm
a nice
though there was

12th.

prize.
Brood

"

at this season
Food
Fowls
of
for
(Ilkley).~YonT Swan
Quantity
should want littlefeeding,the weeds should
supply him with all he wants.
Wild
should live iTincipallyon
The
Geese
Ducks, Teal, and
grass.
should pick up the greatest part of their own
Widgeon,
living. Wood
are
small feeders. Pigeons will eat till they are
Ducks
hungry again.
Hens
live entirelyon grass. We hope your hay will be up before
Water
you read this, and that your poultry will all be at liberty. From your
will not feed your
stock,we expect you allow
saying that 21 lbs. of corn
they
all to feed together,and that the weak go to the wall. For this reason
You
have
not in condition.
128 head of feeders, and 21 lbs. of corn
are
them
The
will not be much.
divided amons
Swan, the four Geese, and five
time.
No poultry nor gime
Turkeys, would eat it all if you gave them
be
tn seek
food, if they can have it provided, and your birds must
care
managed rather than indulged. The cocks, hens, and chickens should
profitableto give them
form the firstdivision,and you would find it more
Then the Turkeys
whole.
food ground and mixed, than to give the corn
mainder.
rea struggle for the
should be fed, and let Ducks
and Pigeons have
That which
require if they
Swan, Geese, and Ducks
may
The fowls,"c.,
find the meal ineufiicient,
they will find in tbe water.
on
the grass. If you throw the Ducks food m the water,
will do the same
This
it on the
is carried away
is lost. Throw
some
sinks, and much
ground or in some
very shallow clear place,with a gravellybottom, where
both
cnn
and reach that which
has sunk.
the Ducks
see
By attending
to this the 21 Iba. will keep your birds in condition during the summer,
not afterwards.

"

"

breeze.

16th.~Fine, but

very oppressive, feeling (though not looking) storm

like.
17th." A most
delightfulday,the great heat being tempered by a coobreeze.
18th." Still splendid weather, sun
coo
very
hot, but a delightfully
breeze.
A very warm
week.
July 15th (St. Swithinl, is usually tbe hottest day
in the year, although that has not been
the case
tothis year, relereuce
the above table will show that the temperature was
high." G. J.
very
Symons.

Bills
"Water
has a great
Ducks'
Yellow
Atleseury
(Wild Due 7c).
Hard
water
and peat water change
effect on the bills of Aylesbury Ducks.
bear
in mind
as
the colour for the worse
they get dnrker
; but you must
delicate
when
thev are
as
older, and they are never
the birrls become
so
ducklings. It is beneficial to them to have their food in a vessel filled
it. It
half way up with small grit,and with only sufiicient water to cover
the grit,and the
their food is put in this they have to get it among
be neither gravel
friction has a good effect on the hills,but there must
nor
gravel stones" they are injurious. It is also good for them to be
water
turned out in gra-s with the cold dew or white frost on it. Some
to exhibit
has the property of turning them, and therefore if you intend
Their
bills will improve,
up for a time.
you will do well to shut them
in weight. Straw or yellow bills disqualifyAylesand they will increase
buiies. If you want large eggs you mxist keep either Spanish or CreveCoBurs ; neither of them sit. For sittintr,
laying,and the general purposes
of a fowl of all work, we know
nothing better than the Brahma, next the
Cochin, but neither of them lays large eggs.
Feathers
Chicks*
Beahma
is always a
(Inquirer). There
when the chicken plumage changes for hard feathers. It
is very desirable the black fiight should remain, but the black feathers
desirable.
tbe back are by no means
on

Light

"

in colour

change

"

Chicken.""
Punch's " cartoon records that the season
Chris sy-Millie
has also
of mammoth
gooseberries hns arrived; but another season
that of duplicate animated
arrived
things. We have two single women
the
into one, Chrissy Millie,a horse with six legs,and now
we
see
maie
following : Mr. Fleming, saddler,Kennoway, Fifeshire,has a hen which
a
chicken with four feet,four wings, two necks, and two
has hatched
We
have heard of two perfect Hares united by their backs. No
heads.
over
and
greyhound could catch them, for when one was tired he turned
the other Hare took up the running 1
"

COVENT

MARKET."

GARDEN

price.
FRtriT.
B. d.

J Bleve
doz.
lb.
bushel
J eieve
do.
doz.
lb.
lb.

Apricots
Cherries
Chestnuta
Currants
Black

Figs

FQbertB
Cobs
Gooseberries
qaart
lb.
Grapes, Hothouse....
Lemons
^100
each
Melons

B.

1
1

6 to 4

()

6
0
0

2
0
4
6
6
0

Mulberriea
Nectarines
Oranees
Peaches
Pears, kitchen
dessert
Pine Apples
Flams

Quinces
Raspberries

5
10
6

0
8
4
3
10
0

0
0

Pigeons
{H. J. JR.L.). The Antwerp appeared in No 4*14,
the Carrier in No. 471, the Dragoon in No. 473, the Pouter in No. 4-3, the
in
in No. 489, the Barb
in No. 500, tbe Flying Tumbler
Almond
Tumbler
No. 509, the Fantail in No. 512, and
the Turbit in No. 6*23.If you send
will
return
back the two numbers
them.
Consult
which
are
we
wrong
dealers.
our
advertisingcolumns; we cannot recommend
Swarming

Bees'

period
we

OF

as

"

(Severn Valley). It is very unusual

fifty-five
days to elapse between the issue of

infer from

your letter to have

"

been

the seoond

swarm.

for so long a
firstand what
We think it

0
0
0

B.
n

lb.
doz.

4
6
6
0
0
SO
0
0
0

1*100
doz.
doz.
doz.
lb.

i sieve

doz.
lb.
lb. 0
bushel
10
10
VlOO

Strawberries
Walnnta
ditto

f!.

fi

OtoO
0
12
('

15
0

0
0

0
0

6
6
0

d
(y
0
0
0
0

0
5
0
0 0
''
0
10
1616 0
2

VEGETABLES.
B.

Artichokes

bunch
Leeks
doz.
Lettuce
Mushrooms
pottle
" OrARa
Mustard
punnet
bunches
Onions
per doz.

doz.

"
lOO
Asparagua
Beans, Kidney ....^100

Broad

Beet, Red
Broccoli
Rrusspla

bushel
doz.
bundle
Sprouts.. 4 sieve
doz.

Cabbage
Capsicums

bnnoh
doz.
bundle
buncbeB
each
doz.
dnz.
bunob
lb.
bunch

Celery
Coleworts..doz.
Cucumbers

pickling
EnrtivR

Fennel
Garlic
H"rba

quart

sieve
doz.

quart

bushel
do.
..

doz.bnncbes

Sea-kale
Shallots

bundle
doz.
basket
lb.

Spinach

bushel

Savoys

don.

Tomatoes

TumipB
Vegetable Marro

POULTRY

1
0
4

Parsley
Parsnips

Kidney

MARKET."

July

bnnoh
WB

d. B.
4 too

Peas
Potatoes
Radishes
Khuharb

....bundle

piokling

^100

Carrots
Cauliflower

Horseradish

"

PofiTEAiTs

19.

JULY

influence on.
has
bad a marked
in the weather
The beneficial change
the market, and
supplies of bush fruit have greatly improved both in
and
large
a
are
quantity of
heavy,
quantity and quality. Importations
Hothouse
in excellent condition.
to hand
West Indian Pines have c^me
is drawing to a close.
produce is receding in price,now the London season
their
Potatoes are heavily supplied,and only the bast samples maintain

doz.

8
3
0
0
0
0
0
3
a
0
2

19.

of scarcity and high prices has passed away. Trade

All
the excitement
diminishes, supply increases,and with it prices are no longer enBtained ;
s.me
some
days worse, but stillmaking an average for the
days better,
time

of year.
d.

Large Fowls
Smaller
Chickens

ditto

DncklingB
Goslinfa
PheaBOuts

8
2
1
2
6
0

8.

0 to 8

Pigeons

9
0

Rabbits
WUd ditto
Hares
Guinea
Fowl

Grouse

0
1
0
0
0
.*"""""

d.
s. d
9 to 0 10
16
6
g
0 10
0
0
0
a
0
0
0
0
0

OF

JOUBNAL

July 27, 1871. ]

HOBTICOLTUEE

AND

GARDENER.

COTTAGE

61

I fully
in every word
concur
think somethingmight be done to
he says, and',moreover,
did greaterservice to get rid of such a monopoly.
R. PEARSON
never
I have been a grower of fruit for several years, sending
than when
he sent to The
fruit-producers
it to Covent Garden, and, as a matter of course, as regularly
Journal
Horticulture
his communication
of
round I have my annual growl,
also
the year comes
as
the doingsof the Covent Garden
on
that my
existence does not depend
In my time I have had
fruit monopolists.
my self-gratulation
theless,
of the Covent
upon the pricesgivenby the dealers in the market. Neversomethingto do with some
behalf of the consumer,
the grower,
as well as
on
Garden
fruiterers,and can verifyall that
enter my protest
and emphatically
against
Mr. Pearson
writes about their dealingsI most willingly
a largemargin must
with
innocents in the country. such unfair proceedings. Of course
us
poor
be allowed to the retail salesman who deals in su.ch perishable
in want
Being,like many other gardeners,
in roasting
articles as fruit,
"c., but there is reason
of a Pine or two, and perhaps Melons, for a particular
an
egg,"and by way of illustrationI,in the earlypart of
occasion,and having got them, I thoughtit no sin when
June, sent up a box of Nectarines, allowed by all who saw
I had a glutof these fruit to send to the salesman double
both in size and
them to be magnificent(andso they were
the quantityin weightas an equivalent.But, tellit not
the Covent Garden pricesat the time beingquoted,
in Gath," when
the bills came
in the Pines were
charged colour),
Nectarines per dozen 12s. to 2is." 1 received the mag10s. per pound, and the Melons
in proportion,
and no
nificent
to salesman's
of 6s. per dozen, this subject
sum
notice whatever
taken of my
consignments.This, of
to
be
too
"o.
This
b
ut
it is
commission,
glaring,
and ended my experimentsin fruitappears
a sickener,
course, was
only one of a number of similar cases I covild quote.
in Covent
Garden.
There is one
bartering
good which
Could not somethingbe done that would be beneficial
the fruit monopolists
do, and that is,when fruit has to be
and grower ? Wliy in these days of
procured from them, they show gardeners'employersthe both to the consumer
a pound of Grapes to pay
of free trade is a person requiring
high pricesthey have to pay for it,and so stop some
be
20s. per pound,and the grower to get 2s. 6d
or
the grumblingat home
about the expenses of keepingup
may
the gardens. No doubt some
luckyindeed if he receive 5s. ? Surelysome enterprising
kinds of fruit are of a very
mightbe found to put a stop to this
nature, and salesmen must chargegood prices individual or company
perishable
of enabKng
time be the means
to make
why monopoly,and at the same
up for their risk,but there is no reason
unable to do so, even
who at presentare totally
extortionate ones
should prevail,
persons
as at present.
Many amateurs with orchard houses would be glad to in cases of sickness,to purchase a bunch of Grapes so
to many
invalid at a reasonable cost,and
an
send some
of their produce for sale in Covent Garden
if refreshing
price for their
there wei-e a chance of obtaining
fair price from the yet givethe growers a fair remunerative
a
trouble and anxiety. Elruge.
fruiterers. Gardeners,likewise,
when
ployers'
they had their em-

COVENT

GARDEN

by Mr. Pearson,of Chilwell.

MONOPOLISTS.

"

"

"

"

"

"

sanction to sell their surplusproductions,

would
be able to send in some
I THINK
is even
than the one
of fruit,
which
worse
seasons
quoted by
quantities
my case
is often spoiltfrom want
of July 20th. By the return
of gathering.Thus in London, Mr. Pearson in your number
and in all largecities and towns, consumers
would obtain
enclosed you wUl see I received on April5th, for a box of
their fruit at reasonable prices
of
if the monopolyin Covent
very fine Strawberries weighingIf lb.,the large sum
Garden were
broken up.
5s. Qd.,from which was
deducted Is. for carriageand commission.
If glass
the same
for the growth
The pricein the Avenue
on
were
day was
protection
generally
applied
of our more
valuable fruits,
would alwaysfind 36s. per pound. J. Ridgway, Fairlawn,Tonbridge.
consumers
for sale in the market plentyof fruit,
and dealers would
not need to depend for their supply
the
or
upon France
ALPINE
PLANTS
Channel
Islands. Without
the collapse,
however, of the
FULHAM.
OSBOEN'S
AT
MESSES.
NURSERY,
monopoly in Covent Garden this desirable state of things
could not happen; and perhapsthe best plan would be
there is no class of plants so littleknown
as
Probably
that of "J. P.," of York (page23),
where he recommends
under which name
those called Alpines,
are included many
forminga HorticulturalCo-operative
T
his
in
mountainous
Society, besides those having their native habitat
Society.
to be efiioient,
should have branches in all largecitiesand
districts. Possessinga quaintnessof form as beautiful as
towns to supplyallfruitsin season
at reasonable prices,
and
these prettyplantsdeserve the notice they
it is interesting,
I have no doubt, after all the
a collection of
at lengthattracting.After inspecting
expenses of management, a
are
neat is the growth of
good dividend would be secured to the shareholders. The them, and seeinghow exquisitely
Covent Garden salesmen would then have mostlyto depend almost all, and what a marvellous varietyof form and
and blossom,one
upon the fruit they grew themselves or on foreign
supplies,colour is developedboth in the foliage
and we should soon see a fallin their prices
when they could feels surprised
such rare
that plantspossessing
beauty
not control the markets as at present. A Gardener.
should have been so longneglected.
had
of
the
fine
an
opportunity seeing
Having lately
I was
happy to see the pricesgiven by the retail collection of rare alpineplants cultivated by Messrs.
of some
of
a slight
fruiterers,
description
"c.,in Covent Garden Market commented upon
Osborn,I purpose ofi'ering
"

"

No. 689,-Yoi,.XXL

NewSekdsb.

No. llStt.-Voi. XL VI.,Old

Sekies.

62

JOURNAL

OF

HOETICULTURB

most of which have been grown at this nursery

select,
Osborn
told
for many
for, as Mr. Thomas
years, not for profit,
for
if any, demand
there has till very latelybeen little,
me,
them, bat simply because it is the rule of the firm never to

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

enjoy them

[ July 37, 1871.

do so
we
a
must
mere
passing glance will not
suffice ; so diverse are their characters and so intricate their
forms, that we may always find something fresh to interest us.
It may be useful to add a word or two upon the culture of
these plants. This is by no means
a difficultmatter, yet there
discard a reallygood thing.
have
to success.
and
the
w
e
are
The most important
a few conditions
necessary
SaxifragaAizoon,
Taking
Saxifragesfirst,
Aizoon minor, the latter having a very close compact growth ; of these are : Not to build the rockery iu a shaded
position,
deeply-serrated but in an open, airy place,well away from tall overhanging
S. oeratophylla,a fine distinct kind, with
the true
trees ; it is not shade that is wanted
to keep the plantsflourishing
foliage; pectinata,a compact grey kind ; next comes
in summer,
but a deep, rich,fibrous loam, with an
dant
abunlongifoliaof Backhouse, a perfectgem, like a grey rosette ;
mixture of broken stones, so that the roots may penetrate
pulchella,very neat and dwarf ; and mosohata, of still more
that
soil
in
which
then
have
Gutbrieana
and
the
we
are
they
variegata,neat, deeply,
growing may be
compact growth ;
drained thoroughly; for though these plants are so dwarf,yet
and atropurpurea.
pretty,and bright; oppositifolia,
there are
S. refiexum, very fine ; angli- they send their roots deep down in the earth,and then we find
Among the Seduma
them
in full vigour through all the vicissitudes of
flourishing
onm
; grandifiorum; glaucum, very beautiful;Telephium atrowith almost black foliage
adverse seasons.
One other essential condition to the successful
a beautiful
; brevifolium,
pnrpureum,
and in summer
culture of these plants in summer,
only,is
kind,forming a brightcompact mass, very neat and effective;
and
those
moderate
but
continuous
such
the prettygrey farinosnm
a
of
as
two compact kinds,Lymight be
supply
water,
;

the most

"

had from the overflow of a small fountain.

and Wightmannianum.
This,dripping
the highest rocks,would
from its being used so largelyin
Sempervivum oalifornicum,
gentlyover
spread justthat coolness
all the
well known, but there are others deservaround the plantswhich
Of course
ing
they like so much.
publicgardens,is now
with justthe same
or
soil,
specialnotice. Of these caloaratum is very similar to cali- kinds will not flourish in the same
tion,
To those who
treatment.
compact ; acuminatum, a distinct brown
fornicum, but more
may contemplate forming a collechowever
small, I would say, Find out the conditions under
quite a
kind; the beautiful miniature hirtum ; montanum,
which
wild
and
the
select
known
to
flourish
in
their
a
are
rare
Sempervivums,
variety,
plantsyou
spinosum, very
gem among
tain
state,study them, and with that likingfor them which is cerremarkably compact, and quitedistinct from all others.
the requisiteknowledge of
to grow upon
Of other plantsworthy of notice, there are the neat-growing
yon, will come
deltoidea variegata.Campanula
Aubrietia
Luckhukst.
garganica,Nepeta their requirements. Edwabd
violacea,Trifolium fitnbriatnm,with pretty purple fiowera ;
native
own
the very dwarf-growing Thjmus
corsicus ; our
A BIT
OP
SOUTH
DEVON."
No. 1.
Thymus Serpyllum albus, dwarf, compact, and pretty; and
Here
I in that city of villas,
am
pact
the very beautiful Thymus micans, each plantforming a comTorquay, and though I
other towns in each of the British islands,not
many
mass, so dense as to appear like the half of a green ball have seen
the entire surface being studded
with
of them in beautyequals this ; itis compounded of thicklyone
restingupon the soil,
Trifolium rubrum
wooded
studded on
either hand with white
flowers of a delicate pink. The well-known
steep-sidedvalleys,
wide apart, and each framed
iu a surrounding of
must
not be omitted,its dark-green-edged
foliagebeing very residences,
side of
Whichever
road
Silene
with
white
luxuriant
and
effective.
its
trees.
alpestris,
too,
striking
you take,whichever
pure
flowers,is a useful plant,as is the very pretty marsh plant whichever valleyyou traverse,you pass a series of villas so
another white-floweritig
Parnassia paluatris,
plant. Then there long-continuedthat you become weary of looking upon them,
each indicatingwealth,each encircled by a wellare
LychnisLagaaciE,with a profusion of brightpink flowers ; each tasteful,
riant;
Linum
flavum with its kept garden, and the tenants
of which
are
the prettyspring-flowering
exuberantlyluxuSoldanellaa,
have an
but more
of them
pouring
outfine deep yellow flowers,Linaria
by-and-by. I must
triornithopborawith fine
that
first
that
and
delusion
old
be
a
fine
to
of
against
general prejudice
species,very rarely
spikes purple flowers,
resort. I
met with,but most
worthy of a placein all gardens ; the pretty Torquay is too hot to be desirable as a summer
Rhexia
virgi- entertained that opinion myself,but I ventured to believe the
trailingLinnsea borealis ; the purple-flowering
nica; Campanula puUa, dwarf and effective,with purple records furnished by meteorologists,and I find that their
of them hereafter. On the 18th
pendant bell-like flowers ; Gentiana acaulis,with its deep blue figuresare not fictitious ; more
these present
month
of July,the day on which
flowers;Gentiana gelida,with smaller flowers ; and G. septem- of this now
I
looked
in
These
and
sentences
trusses.
its
flowers
are
all
fine
are
written,
during mid-day at one of the
fida,producing
the day intensely
the Strand
distinct. To this list may be added the Vetch-like Astragalus publicly-exposedthermometers
on
and that
bright,almost cloudless,wind south-west
lanuginosa, with pretty pale pink
hypoglottis
; Androsace
in the shade stood at 70". Now, I will wager an
flowers ; Androsace
oiliata,a charming little plant of very thermometer
that it has been hotter than that at
to a footsbreadth
dense, compact growth, and with flowers of a rich deep pink ; acre
10"
this same
and the pretty Scarborough on
Achillea tomentosa, with bright yellow flowers,
day and hour, and at London
"Ah!
that
an
its
Fern-like Thalictrum
hotter.
was
name
exceptionalday." No, it was not
adiantoides,
which, as
implies,
Fern.
friend Peter Prejudiced,for here is the record of
much resembles a Maiden-hair
exceptional,
tithe of three previous days, publishedin "The
that this list representsa mere
It will be understood
Torquay Directory:"
collection. They are
the kinds that struck me
Julv 14th,67"; 15th,72"; 16th,72".
the Fulham
as
beautiful and distinct of those I saw
Why Torquay is thus temperate is fullyexplained by its
being the most
; and
other worthy varieties,
vicinityto the sea, and the evaporationfrom the profuseand
although I may have failed to note many
remind
I
recommend
all
I
have
selected
luxuriant
can
as
confilently
vegetationin and around ; for let me
yet
your
of
readers that in the hottest parts and in the hottest season
*ieingof sterlingmerit.
taining
evaporation about the vessel conVery many of these plants will thrive in ordinary garden India ice is made by mere
valuable for edgings or mixed groups
the water.
beds ; they are, therefore,
to enlarge upon next?
What
shall I select from my jottings
along the front of herbaceous borders ; but the real home for
the colour of the
forciblystruck me
ihem, and the place in which they flourish best, is the rockery That which first most
formed
of
their
is
if
as
marvellous
and
soil. It
ground bricks,and is,
red,very red,
there,it rightlymanaged, they display
of geologistsworn
red sandstone
varied forms to the greatest advantage,some
by the
thrivingbest in I believe,the new
rather
or
sheltered nooks
formed
by the projectingrocks,while others action of the elements into a oultivatable consistency,
a largeproportionof it being
with a beautiful enamel of deepest inconsistency,
clothe the rocks themselves
for it is very light,
of the
Wonderful
silica,and the colour imparted by an excessive amount
examples of plant life are
green or silverygrey.
I struck by the profusionof a red,
The miniature growth, red oxide of iron. Next was
these gems of the vegetablekingdom.
multitudes
and
is on
in
the great variety of form
and colour, both in foliageand
rather pink, flower,which,
or
masses,
blossom, which they offer to us, should cause them to be oared every old wall and in the chinks and clefts of the rocks ; I never
than they have been hitherto.
{or and treasured very much
it so profusein other parts of the kingdom ; it is the Spur
more
saw
of the year, and certainly
Valerian (Centranthus
They are objectsof interest at all seasons
ruber). I thought that the colour of its
if we seek for refinement
in our
gardens we shall find it flowers and those of the Herb Robert (Geranium Kobertianum)
seemed
intense than in my more
neighbourhood,
more
eastern-dwelling
developed in a much largerdegree in this class of plantsthan
Devon
the flowers in the
in any other ; for so exquisitely
delicate and varied are the
and when I walked among
of them, that all Rosery " the same
colours, and so beautiful the forms of most
intensityof red colours prevailed. There
other plantsappear huge and coarse
beside them.
The curious
so
with its comb
a Cockscomb
intenselycrimson that it
was
leaves of the
to invite one to explore,and to thoroughly seemed
dwarf growthseems
to emit rays of colour ; the crimson
dium

"

"

"

"

"

"

OP

JOUENAL

July 27, 1871. ]

HOBTICULTUBE

AND

COTTAGE

GAEDENER.

63

The foliageis unsurpassable in size and freefervid the Eoses here.

dom
Colenses and the petalsof the Roses all seemed more
from
disease
than ours
eastward. I expressedthat such was my impression,
verdure is the rule,brown
ception.
spots the exand that I thought that the oxide of iron in the soil was the
colour.
Mr. Curtis responded that he
Mr. Curtis,as alreadynoted,is a practicalrosarian,and he
of the increased
cause
is a man
from whom
of science too, justthe varietyof man
to
bad long entertained the same
opinion.
"

somewhat
saddened in
Barckhardt
describes the gratification,
old friend written on a
of an
his case, upon reading the name
the joyful
on
recognitio'n
pyramid in Egypt. I, too, remember
who in long-gone years had
Indian cricket ground of one
an
has
it
been my
been
in England a brother elubbiet ; and now
whom
as
a lad I must
to recognisein Mr. Curtis one
gratification
related belongings I know much.
have
met, and about whose

obtain literary
and the followingare some
:
cuttings,
The Manetti
semi-double
is a hardy, strong-growing,
pink
Rose, introduced from Italy about thirtyyears ago by Mr.
much
debted.
inare
so
all Rose and fruit-growers
Rivers,to whom
The
Cfiline Rose (HybridBourbon),of most robust

Devon
a
proverb, " Good cob, good fhoes,and good
In the instance of Mr. Curtis and his
last for ever."
family I will be hostage that the last instance in the proverb is
welcomed
if an
old tried friend had reached
as
I
truthful
was
well as a freemasonry,and
as
them.
There's a free-gardenery
when
chins self-complacently
our
all might have smoothed
we
Mrs. Curtis remarked, "There's
always something good in
There

is

hearts

"

those who love gardening."

with flowers and their
The
of Curtis is interwoven
name
culture for a full century William
Curtis, with whose name
the "Botanical
Curtis, of
Magazine" is identified;Samuel
Glazenwood, his son-in-law,and continuer of that magazine;
"

Beauties of the Rose,"

Henry Curtis, his son, author of
formerly of the West of England Eoseries,Bristol, and now
of the Devon
Eosery, Torquay. William, the grandfather,
abandoned
a
largemedical practicefor the pursuit of natural
history,especiallyof its fairest member
botany,and it now
incredible that he selected ground in the Grange Eoad,
seems
Bermondsey, for his botanic garden. Tou would not allow me
"

and

"

"

"

growth, with

duced
introa
bright rose-coloured double flower,was
stock for budding by myselftwenty-sevenyears ago,
the best stock on which
and is still found
to bud
some
sorts
that will not grow well on the Manetti, such as Noisettes,
Teas,
The
"c.
more
robust-growingvarieties of Roses budded on
these stocks form
splendid objectstrained as pyramids, or for
Manetti-worked
Roses
Roses
the
sides of lawns, "c.
by
pillar
have the advantage of being easilygrown
in cold,windy,and
as

in the north of Scotland they are not

exposed situations ; even
killed if grown below the snow
line."
Some may attribute Mr. Curtis's preferencefor the Celine
stock to the natural fondness of a first introducer, but he has
for his fondness
its fibrous roots are so numerous."
Dwarf
the Manetti
on
stock,will flourish
Roses, budded
well in almost any soil,
well as in those soils of a light,
as
dry,
sandy character,which are unfavourable to the Briar. Eoses
mould
with
leaf
their
roots
on
own
lightsoil,
prefera warm
and sand, and it is useless to attempt to grow them in a true
delicate the
stifi Briar soil. Their roots are
generallymore
first year than those of Roses on the Manetti or Celine."
best
with a list of old Roses
X will conclude,for the present,

notes
about him, but I must
tell how he was
space for many
the first to obtain superiorengravingsand colouringof flowers.
Flora Londinensis,"whoever
Previouslyto the appearance of his
has had occasion to consult the published portraitsof
plantswill agree with me in appreciatingthe progress he effected.
He not only had the difficult task of finding and instructing
but he had the further difficulty
of keeping them, for
artists,
when
bidders for
they attained to excellence there were
many
their services.
The
calico printerstempted away
his first
"

"

reason

"

"

"

of the best- selected by Mr. Curtis and

approved by Mrs.
Curtis.
! What had she to
Mr. Peter Prejudiced
will "Humph
do with them ? "
Much, for however skilful a man
may be in
cultivatinga Rose, I put aside his opinion as to its colour and
and
form for that of a lady of taste
and such is Mrs. Curtis
evidence
is on
the table before me
in a bouquet of wild
one
"

"

"

flowers and native Ferns

to their colours,

only.

WHITE

ANT)

The

Eoses

are

ing
grouped accord-

CHEAil.

Mr. Eilburn,and he so succeeded

in their service,
that
Acidalie,B. White.
artist,
Bonle
de Neige,H.P.
White.
This fragrantHose baa petals
so
lived long enough to die in some
affluence at Beddington
suitable for wearingin a
stont
and Camellia-like,
that it is especially
He
had
not
in
such
a
Corner, near
Croydon.
competitor
designing,for the great cotton manufacturers. Peel " Yates, lady'shair.
of its
Devoniensis,T. Cream.
Powerfullyscented,and largest
and
had at that time only two patterns, the great bird's-eye,"
family. It was raised by the late G. Foster,Esq.,of Oatland, near
little bird's-eye!" To
Kilburu
"the
succeeded
Sydenham Devonport,and is believed to be a progeny of the Yellow China,
Edwards, but he also departed from Mr. Curtis and established
fertilisedby yellowNoisette Smitbii growing by itsside."
ness
an
opponent periodical, The Botanical Register." The fondtinted.
Homer, T.
Cream, frequently
for floral illustration proved hereditary,
and
well do I
Madame
Bravy,T. Cream, model of form.
the beautiful flower groups painted for Mr. Samuel
remember
White.
Madame
Noman, H.P.
Mademoiselle
White.
Curtis by Mrs. Pope.
Mr. Henry Curtis has also been
Bonnaire, H.P.
a
Half Bourbon.
Sombreuil, T. White.
sketcher of flowers ; some
Highlyscented.
specimens are before me, and others
H.P.
White.
Virginal,
known
to the publicin the
Beauties of the Rose."
are
White Bath Moss, S. White.
But of the two now
gone, each was, and the livingis,a practical
Curtis deserves especialrememLLtrSH
AND
FLESH
COLOUR.
brance
gardener,and William
Blush.
Alba mntahilis,H.P.
the introducer
as
of Sea-kale into the kitchen garden.
H.P.
Clemence
Flesh.
Eaoux,
He published a pamphlet on its culture,and gave with each a
Flesh.
Madame
Rivera,H.P.
box of the Kale's seed.
Curtis cultivated a large
Samuel
Madame
H.P.
Flesh.
One of the finest of this
Eothachild,
at
and
orchard
Essex.
in
near
Glazenwood,
Coggeshall,
nursery
section.
Well do I remember
seeing him dredging his Apple trees with
Blush.
Madame
H.P.
Vidot,
lime by the aid of an
implement he had invented,and, as a
fine.
Madame
Willermoz,T. Pale salmon. Large,and foliage
did he secure
of his
lad,still more
my regard by tnmblersfnl
MargueriteBonnet, B. Flesh.
sparkling Blacl" Currant wine.
Henry Curtis has especially Marquisede Mortemart, H.P. Fleah. Dwarf.
devoted himself to Rose culture. And now
I arrive at my notes
Mrs. Bosanqnet,C.
Flesh.

he

"

"

"

"

written down at the Devon

Euhena, T. Pale flesh.
Rosery.
This nursery is about a mile from the town on the Paignton
Good as a standard.
Blush.
H.P.
SophieCoquerelle,
Raised by
Souvenir d'un Ami, T.
Pink flesh. Large,fine form.
Road, and is five acres devoted entirelyto the propagationand
Introduced in 1846.
Moulines.
M.
florist
a
at
near
Bellot,
culture of Roses.
Fougerea,
Let no one
proceed thither expecting to see
ornamental
arrangements, or the slightestattempt to prefer
COLOUR.
ROSE
PINK
AND
the ornamental
before the useful
it is a thoroughlypractical
Abel Grand, H.P.
Pink.
Large,highlyscented,good as a standard.
the princeof Perpetuals.
all the operationsof proestablishment,where in their season
H.P.
Baronne
Bright
rose,,
Prevost,
pagation
and culture may be seen, and
Raised by M. Deprez, of Yebles,near Paris,and sent out in 1844."
any of the approved
Pink.
Good for a piUar.
Blairii No. 2, S.
old or new, purchased in any number
to a
varieties,
from one
Hybrid China.
Rose.
H.P.
Comtesae
de Chabrillant,
thousand.
Fragrant.
Budding was the order of the day when I was there,
Rose.
Edouard
Morren, H.P.
and it will surpriseyour amateur
readers to know, that the
H.P.
Lffilia (alsocalled Louise Peyronny),
Bright rose, very
head
budder
could insert and tie one
thousand
buds in ten
"

"

hours.

of but one
more
nimble, and he could
in the same
space of time.
I have seen the Roses in their prime at many
of the nurseries
a
where they are
and I have seen
their selected
speciality,
but none
of them
passed
surexhibitions,
specimens at the London
in any quality,
and none
of them equalledin luxuriance,
never

knew

complete twelve hundred

hardy,very fragrant.

Pale

Madame

Clert,H.P.

Madame

H.P.
Jacquier,

Madame

Knorr, H.P.

Cabbage Rose."
de St. Amaud,
Marguerite
Monsieur

Noman, H.P,

rose.

Rose.

Brightrose,
H.P.

Pink.

"

Pink.

more

fragrantthan the old

Good

as

standard.

64

JOURNAL

Monsieur Woolfield,
H.P.
Deep rose.
PaviUon de Pregny,H.P.
Purple rose,
white."
Perfection de Lyon, H.P.
Bose.
Keine de Midi, H.P.
Eose.
CAKMnrE,

SCAELET,

AND

LIGHT

OF

"

HORTICULTURE

rererse

CBIM30N.

of

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

[ JalF 27, 1871.

fair and accepted mode of statingthe height of Peas.

These
petalssatiny measurements
not given as being extraordinary,
are
but as
fluences,
showing the necessityof making allowances for weather inand the proprietyof giving the heights of Peas as
approximative,and so, in the case of new
kinds, preventing
reflections which have been,and perhaps will be again;indulged

Alfred Colomb, H.P.

Scarlet. Very fine.
the dealers. J. W.
in by the publicagainst
Annie "Wood, H.P.
Carmine.
Beauty of Waltham, H.P. Carmine.
Catherine
Gnillot,B. Carmine.
Charles Lee, H.P.
Crimson.
BROOKLAND,
NEAR
CHARMINSTER,
H.P.
ClotUde Rollftud,
Lightcrimson.
DORCHESTER.
Dr. Andry,H.P.
Crimson.
Large and stout-petaled.
Due de Rohan, H.P.
Crimson.
THE
RESIDENCE
OF
W.
ESQ.
WEESTEB,
Carmine.
Dnpny-Jamain.H.P.
there's a wiU there's away"
is an old and trite
"Where
Crimson.
Expositionde Brie,H.P.
which
often
receives
its
in gardening as
illustration
as
proverb,
"
Felix
Carmine.
Genero, H.P.
noble foliage,
Very fragrant,
in anything else a truth I have more
than once
exemplified
makes a Rood stand. A superb Kose."
in my own
horticultural experience,
and which has been abundantly
John Hopper,H.P.
Crimson.
Hardy ; good as a standard or for
shown
in the case
of the gentleman whose
garden I
a pillar.
visited the other day in my annual Dorsetshire
alas ! I
Jules M.arRottin,
tour
H.P.
Carmine.
A superb Eose, blooms abundantly
in autumn
fear to be my
last. When
real love for flowers is aided by the
; Rood as a standard,and for forcing."
La Brillflnte,
H.P.
Carmine.
needful
of
little
it
what
a
hard
cash, is astonishing
adjunct
very
Laurent
Descourt,H.P.
Crimson.
difiioulties
be overcome.
can
Madame
Clemence Joigneaux,
H.P.
Carmine.
Large.
No one, in passing by the road which leads through the
Madame
Victor Verdier, H.P.
Scarlet.
Fragrant; good as a villageof Oharminster, would suppose that behind the wall
standard.
ticultural
which abuts on the high road there is such a treasuryof horMademoiselle Marie Eady,H.P.
Crimson.
Verylargeand double;
beauties as Mr. Webster
has already accumulated.
good as a standard.
Time
when
of
in
the
there
was
were
plenty
jack snipes
place
Marie Baumaim, H.P.
Scarlet. Fine and fragrant.
where now
stands the garden,so rich in its varied productions;
Mareebal Vaillant,
H.P.
Carmine.
and I,who saw
it only two or three years ago, can hardlybelieve
Sourenir de Poiteau,H.P.
Crimson.
the change which has taken place. The house abuts on the
AND
PURPLE.
CEIJISON, DAEK
CEIMSON,
of that, so open
once
inside,you are no longeraware
Charles Lefebwe, H.P.
Dark
crimson. Very large; attar-scented. road,but,
is the whole
filled with flowering
A glass verandah
scene.
Duke of Edinbnvi^h,H.P.
Crimson.
and
with
its
covered
with
roof
plants,
Vines, runs along the front
Crimson.
Eugene Appert,H.P.
of the house, and this again opens into a range of houses comCrimson.
prising
Fisher Holmes, H.P.
Camellia-like.
John Keynes. H.P.
ston's
Dark crimson and fragrant,
stove, vineries,and greenhouse, all built on Mr. CranMadame
Crimson.
Moreau, H.P.
plan, and for elegance of form and the ease with which
Senateur Vaisse. H.P.
Dark crimson.
the very models
of what
to me
theyare ventilated they seem
Xavier
Olibo, H.P.
Purplishcrimson. Peculiar in colour,and houses ought to be. As these houses are well known and constantly
fragrant.
of the Journal,there is no
advertised in the columns
YELLOWS.
need
that I should detail their mode
of construction.
Mr.
Celine Forestier,N.
Pale. Fragrant. Nearlyevergreen.
Good
satisfied with them than ever.
There is also
Webster is more
for bed, wall,or standard.
the usual adjunctsof pits
a nice propagatinghouse, of course
Gloire de Dijon,T.
Bufi. Fruit-scented. Good as a climber or
and frames, and in all of them
are
to be found some
of the
standard.
richest and rarest of the horticultural introductions of late
Madame
Martjottin,T.
Citron. Very fragrant.
Mademoiselle
Adele Jougant, T.
Ferns
there
fine
of
Adiantum
were
a
Pale.
plant
Amongst
years.
Marichal
Niel, T.
Golden.
Very largeand fragrant
farleyense,and young, promising examples of the beautiful
; blooms
earlyand Lite. Good for a wall.
Filmy Ferns Todea superba and Todea pellucida,while Platyscented.
Triomphe de Eennes, N. Pale. Peculiarly
cerium aloicorne was
treated here in an
original
way, which
Be it remembered
that the foregoingis only Mr. Curtis'a was
like a
certainlymost efiective. A largepot, somewhat
Beleotion from the " old " Roses.
I must
his notes on
made
turned upside down, holes were
in it,
reserve
Sea-kale pot,was
last year's varieties until a future communication,
for I have
inside
with
the
Fern
and another pot placed
was
planted
peat ;
not done yet with Torquay. G.
the
laid
hold
itself
through
holes,gradually
here,and, pushing
of and spread over
the pot,and so the whole surface of it will
graduallybecome covered.
LAXTON'S
ALPHA
PEA.
Grapes were exceedinglywell grown, althoughon a small scale
I AM desirous of recordingmy experienceof this fine variety. as compared with many
places. I saw strongVines well filled
the
side
Grown
of
varieties
other
to
be
the
with
fruit of the Muscat
by
acknowledged
Hamburgh, and very largebunches of
the same
Trebbiano
and other good kinds, while Black Hamburgh, as
best, and under precisely
conditions,this beats them
but is only a week
all. It is not the earliest,
later than
usual,formed the piecede resistance. The first crop was over,
Carter'H First Crop, and four days behind Dickson's First and
and the successions were
Strawberries
rapidlycoming forward.
the same
Sown
Best.
on
day as Little Gem, it was gathered had been forced in abundance, and the plants placed in the
that
excellent
dwarf.
the same
As to productiveness, border were
day as
famishing good second crops of bloom.
Alpha, without being the best,is amongst the best,and equal
I saw
in the houses a nice plant of the very curious Atacoia
in yieldto varieties of inferior quality. It attained a height of
not
cristata, often seen, but always sure to excite wonder when
covered with pods from within less than a foot in flower,so unlike is it to anything else,and so doubtful some
4 feet,and was
the ground. It has been common
from
enough to find pods would be in lookingat it whether it were a flower or not ; while
containing nine fall-sized peas, a few have been opened most of the more
recent introductions in both stove and greenhouse
with tea ; and yesterday,on looking for the finest pod, it was
plantswere to be found here.
found to contain twelve fine peas.
In quality,
it is the opinion
in
which
the
I
most
But perhaps that part of
was
garden
of several better jiiclges
than myself, that Alpha is the very
interested was
the rock garden,for,although small,it contained
best of its season, being superiorto Little Gem
by its more
a most
interestingcollection of alpineplants,many of which
delicate and sugary flavour.
Altogetherthis is a varietyof were growing and floweringin great profusion. Intermingled
and will hold high rank amongst its numerous
with them were
also some
nice specimens of our best British
greatexcellence,
rivals for gome
time.
and SemperFerns.
Most of the finer varieties of Sedums
This Pea has grown
foot
the
limited
of
the
above
vivums
with
a
mixed
height
were
Campanulas, Gentians, Violas,and
is ruinous to orthodox heightsof Peas, Primulas.
vendors, bat this season
them
I
Noticeable
verna
Omphalodes
saw
among
First Crop averages fully3.Jfeet;Laxton's
Supreme is nowalba,Dianthus deltoides,
Sisyrinchium grandiflorum.Primula
5 feet high, and will easilyreach anotherfoot,and I have rows
cortusoides
the old varietyhad been, I was assured,a perfect
of Cbiimpion of Eugland, at this moment
with Aquilegia
had been the case
of flower ; the same
jastready for gathering,
mass
feet
the
rod fairly
8J
high,placing
tioneers
and, as the aucanywhere by the side of Cferulea. Dianthus
alpinus,Silene rupestris,
without touching the haulm.
the rows
mention
held
its
to
others
too
to
were
numerous
This,
timate
legithickly
up
eay,
extent,reaches above 9 feet. That, however, is not the Studded all over the rookwork. It is most encouragingto those
"

"

"

"

'

"

"

JOUKNAL

66

OF

HOKTICDLTUEE

part leaf soil,with half a part each of lamps of

Provide good drainage.
Pergulariaodoratissima.This is of quick growth, and may
be said to be the Stephanotisof the greenhouse,to which plant
It
but the flowers are green and sweet-scented.
it is allied,
It is rather slow in establishing
itself
in summer.
blossoms
in a greenhouse,but is there not nearly so liable to be attacked
by red spiderand other insect pests as when grown in a stovo.
It requiresto be freelywatered when
growing, and to be kept
dry in winter. Soil fibrous loam, sandy peat, and leaf mould in
coal,
equal parts,with half a part of old cow dung and lump charof sharp sand.
Good
and
free admixture
a
drainage
be
should
provided.
Fronaya elegaiis.An evergreen twiner, with pretty blue
flowers in July and August. It ia allied to Sollya. Soil sandy
peat and loam in equal parts,with a free admixture of sharp
the plant freely
sand, together with good drainage. Water
when
growing and flowering,but in winter keep it moderately

peat,and

one

charcoal and silver "and.

"

"

dry.

AND

COTTAGE

GAEDENEB.

[ Jnly 27, 1871.

capable of responding in

measure
for it,the
to our
cares
some
attractive it will be. I can
recall to recollection many
instances in which
the sportivekitten,the coi-y tame
rabbit,
the faithful affectionate puppy, the kisa-and-kiss-me
dove and
pigeon, the favourite struttingcock of the yard, or the still
aristocratic bantam
more
was
even
(butwhose love to his owner
the high warbled cheering
greater than his assumed
dignitj),
note of linnet and
when
certain
heard
a
knock
was
at
canary
the door,and more
when a certain head and shoulders
especially
showed
within it ; the appearance
of the window
plant
after its roots were
watered and its leaves were
washed, cleaned,
and sponged, and when every bit of flower and foliageseemed
to look you in the face and say, O, how I thank you for your
! I can
recall to memory
care
instances such as these which
have exerted a more
ness-diffusing
mellowiog kindness-securingand kindthe
power than could be realised by looking on
finest painlingor sculpture,
or
beholding the most magnificent
afford;and chieflybecause these living
scenery the world can
things could make a return for the care bestowed,and because,
the
could
look on
each or either as his or her
aleo,
possessor
more

"

Plumbago capensis. Flowers pale blue,produced at the end

summer
(Augustand later). Its flowers are very fine,but very own.
With
all our
the plant is of stragglinggrowth, for which there is no remedy
contest with flinty
the moral reformer
selfishness,
will be sure
this strong
to fail if he do not bring even
except stopping,bat if that be resorted to after Jane the flowers
ruary, self-appropriating
will be few.
The plant should be cut-in rather closelyin Febfeelingto work for him rather than against
and then
him.
I have
known
of hard-featured
keeping it rather dry for about a fortnight,
orange-nut-and-cake
and
basket
free
women
in
the streets of London
copious
waterings
eyringings.
growth by
shiveringwith cold,
encourage
and this check will shiveringstill more
A good growth being made, water sparingly,
because they found themselves
alone and
in
keep it dry. destitute of human
generally induce flowering. After November
sympathy {thoughliving as it were
two
Soil turfy loam
and women) who would
selves
part passing crowds of men
parts, one
part leaf soil,and one
deprivethemof sharp sand, and good
of what
sandy peat, with a free admixture
they reallywanted that they might take home
the accustomed
man
to the littlepussy
drainage.
piecefrom the catsmeat
Flowers
white
and
in
the
little
that purred and mewed
and
room
its satisfaction,
fragrant,
Bhynchospermumjasminoides.
did its best to enliven the room, otherwise so poor and so dingy.
in July. It is very useful for bouquets. Water
freelywhen
No neighbour's cat could have so cheered
and in winter keep it dry, but not so as
the lone woman.
growing and flowering,
And in a similar case
to affect the foliage. It requiresgood drainage,and a compost
when the poor woman
home
went
to her
of two parts fibrous lightloam, one
part sandy fibrous peat, garret in St. Giles's,
having sold little during the day, with
half a part each of old cow
dung and lump charcoal,with a littlefor her supper, with visions of a frowning landladyabout
It will hardly need pruning in
the not strict payment
free admixture
of sharp sand.
of rent to the day and hour, and she
shoots and encourage
found her heart hardening,sinking,and despairing,because
ten years, and then cut out the old worn-out
"

of

"

fresh

ones.

IMPORTANCE
AND

G. Abbey.

"

OF

NATURAL

AN

IN

INTEREST

HISTORY

TO

GARDENING

THE

YOUNG.

who will leave

I LATELY
held converse
with some
of the men
their marks
the times.
for good on
Singularlyenough the
above was
the theme
that occupied the attention of several of
them, and it was said that enough had not been done in this
direction in " our
Journal," and that as a beginning I ought to
say a few words on the subject.
I feel the importance of givinga righttone in this direction
to the young of both sexes
in all ranks of society. In one
this is more
of the cTiildrenof the
sense
necessary in the case
of those
artisan and the more
humble
labourer than in the case
who have had the benefit
or
favoured by circumstances,
more
of a more
rally
extended and finished education,which would natuof investigation and enjoyment.
open up wider sources
I would
all such encouragement
from
stronglyrecommend
three considerations.
Firbt, it is necessary, for the health of
body and mind, that both should be employed, and the more
employed the better,provided we do not go to such extremes
that must
ever
as to transgress the laws
regulateour physical
and moral well-being. Secondly,the study of the simple,the

natural, the pure, and the beautiful by the young

will be one
of
gross and debasing
seek
a
man
lad
and
pleasurable
pleasures. Many
many
excitement
that will uliimatelybe ruinous, who
in channels
have oared for such indulgencesif other sources
might never
of excitement
of a more
mellowing character had been presented
to his notice,such as a book to read, a garden to clean,
beautiful
insect
in
all
its
a
plant to tend, a bird to feed, a
wondrous
transformations
to study. And
lastly,call it oontractedness or selfishness if you will,stillit is no leas a law of
our
stronglymanifested in the young, but
humanity,especially
absent even
in the case
of the old,unless the heart has
never
shrivelled up as the half-mummied
become
old and as much
-the
law manifested in the fact that to insure anything
body
the best antidotes

againstthe indulgencein
a

"

like

have something to care

for, something
must
pet, something to love, something that in a proprietary
And thus,
our
own.
be inherentlyand peculiarly
must
sense
the same
if the objectpetted be a livingthing
on
principle,
to

enjoymentwe

what a relief it was

one
seemed
for her
to her for
to care
the tear to find its way down her furrowed cheek as she watered
and washed
the leaves of the pretty plant in the broken
pot
teain the window, and found herself in imagination away at
the cottage in the Wolds, ami in meadows
gay with Buttercups
and Daisies,whilst every clean and flourishingleaf spoke of
cheerfulness
and the foieshadowing of happier days !
The
she attended to its
to her because
plant became what it was
The
finest
exclusivelyher own.
every want, because it was
plant in a gentleman's garden would have exerted no such

no

"

mellowing,humanising power.
Now
for a few simple deductions.

Damp not,but encourage

for pets, be it bird or plant,even
in very young
I
have
known
people.
gardeners greatly annoyed because
ladies and gentlemen were
always troublingthem about
young
seeds end plantsfor their gardens,and food for their pets, "o. ;
and such a mess
they did make of it all ! Order and good
management
require that the children should not interlopeor
all such

tastes

interfere on the gardener'sdomain

proper ; but surelya place
could be set aside for the young folks,and a particular
placeor
position awarded to each, that each might do the best, and
interferingwith the
carry out a particularhubby without
peculiarleaningsof his neighbour; and ail this it is wise in
It is well to encourage
sympathy
every way to encourage.
between
the highest and the lowest in station,and the young
who
labour
in
their
the
and
gentleman
plotsuntil
lady
young

thoroughly exhausted may well be expected to feel more

pathy
symthan the young
with the working man
gentleman who
has never
had his hands blistered or his shoulders aching from
wieldinga mattock,using a spade,or trundlinga heavily-loaded
barrow.

Again, I have

found

often

mothers, and

fathers too, so

jecting
ob-

folks having any pets of their own, that

to their young
to carry out
the natural cravingit had to be indulged-inin a
concealed sort of way
a very bad
thing, for in every matter
it is well that the most
perfectconfidence should exist between
child and parent.
I might as well have a perfectBabel as
A managetie with its
these
screechingand howling sounds.
than my boys pester me
filth and odours could be no worse
they can get
with,with their beasts and birds in every corner
Ah ! but mother, it you
hold of,"said a mother
nut long ago.
arrest the gratification
of such tastes you might have tastes
formed for other things that will give such pullsat your very
"

"

Jaly 27, 1871. ]

JOURNAL

OF

HORTICULTURE

67

GARDENER.

COTTAGE

AND

subglobosum,
and cuspidatum, here and there Mnium
complain fluitans,
in Weissia,Dicranum, "c.
walla abound
music.
Direct all such tastes aright, and the moss-covered
of would be the sweetest
in all my botanical
ones
"and you may wield a mighty power on your loved joung
Within
of only 100 acres, I never
an
area
of thoughtfulness, rambles met with so rich a display of plants and Ferns; and
ioT fosteringhabits of order, of attention,
wish to
and may
and
Be assured that the boy or girl as many
of cleanliness,
and kindness.
be
repose,
seeking quiet
may
who will allow a bird to pass unheeded
its usual feeding time, refresh their memories, or become
acquainted with botany,I
Ferns
who
with filth,
induced
to send
who will allow it or its cage to be encrusted
am
a list of the floweringplants and
the comfortable
farm house in which myself
would act cruellyto animal or insect,
is not the most likelyto
which
surround
the feelingsof his or her fellowbe very careful not to wound
and family have taken up a temporary abode.
creatures in future life.
Towering mountains, extensive forests,and rapid streams,
heart chords,that in comparison the screechingyou

the humblest
indulge
may less or more
country even
of such tastes,but in our
gratification
large towns, where
humble
room
is so scarce
and dear,such
pretty
people must
to plants
well confine themselves
to the smallest birds, and
inside and outside the windows.
For this,in the case
of the
and a
is required than constant
attention,
plants,little more
peck or two of fresh soil obtained,if in no other way, from the
such plantsare
roadsides of some
suburban
highway. When
sakes and the pleasurethey confer they
for their own
grown
will ever
in
the
exert a power
indulgencein the low
arresting
should be
and degrading,and the culture of them, therefore,
encouraged in every possibleway.
In the

constitute

grand and awe-inspiringscene, while

the

"

we

mouDtain

Sit by mossy

has birth,
stream
a sweet
Where
And look around with admiring eye
On the lovelythings of earth,
flower,
The Lichen, the Moss, and the mountain
And the wild bee revellingthere."
"

On

but simply
of the district I will not dilate,
antiquities

the

its Saxon

with
Ilkley,

mention

and

crosses

Roman

ments,
encamp-

demesnes, Barden Tower,

Abbey and its princely
AU tend to make this now-easily-aeoeseible
and Kilnsey Hall.
residences in the
place one of the most delightfulsummer
Ferguson,
north
of England, D.
EedcaVj
Coatham, near
Natural History of Redcar.'"
Author of the
P.S.
In my
garden with a north-west aspect, Cineraria
Calceolarias,
maritima, Silene pendula, Lasthenia ealifornica.
and seedlingsof self-sown Geraniums, endured the winter,
Bolton

"

Previous to the converstition referred to I had not been able

to open the Journal of the 13th, and therefore did not see the
at the Victoria Docks,
Show
account
of the Children's Flower
the more-than-interesting
or
of the
Wiltshike
comments
SRector
(solike him) at page 26 ; but as he is very anxious to which was very
receive hints aa to the managing and conducting such societies
OESEEVED
and shows to the best advantage in town and country paiishes, PLANTS
I hope that those experienced in such matters
will kindly aid
Thapsus
him, as I have had no personalexperiencein this promising field. Verbascum
Centaurea
scabiosa
In conclusion, I would add that the poorest and humblest
Orchis conopsis
ustiilata
of us have our
and that therefore the more
a warm
feelings,
*'

"

"

"

sympathy is developed in unobtrusive

deeds rather than as a

of ostentation, the more
that a kind patronage is felt
rather than paraded, the more
that a kind regulated help is
the
given so as to enable the poorest better to help themselves
more
to follow all such well-meant
lent
benevolikelywill be success
effort. R. Fish.
matter

"

"

THE
I

NIGHT-BLOOMING

CEREUS.

severe.
AT

Scrophulariaaquatica

bi folia
maeulata
Scabiosa
succisa
flavum
Thabctrura
Geranium
aylvaticum
Kubertianum
moUe
dissectum
Trollius euvopffius
Lamiam
amplexicaule
Vicia Cracca

never

had

than

three
Majob.

more

flowers upon

either of my

Pyrus Aria
Epilobium

angnstifolium

roaeum

tectoram
libulus

Kambucus

nigra
Taraxacum
palustre
Marianus
Carduus
Andromeda
polifolia

Vaccinium

saliva

Chrysanthemum

Thlaspi bursa-pastoris
alpestre
viscosum
effieinaUs

Cerastium
Betonica

Epilobium

montaniun

Senecio
vulgaris
Jacobiea

aquaticus

THE

BOTANY

OF

Campanula latifolia
Barbarea
prEecos
Arabis hirsuta
Sabini
Rosa
Spergula nodosa
Rubus
saxatilis
Ribes pelrffium
GaUum
sylvestre
anglicmn

murorum

gothicum
prenanthoides

themum
Lychnis sylvestris
Plos-cuculi
Khinanthus
Crista-galli
Geum
rivale
Prunella
vulgaris
Eiica Tetralix
Stachys sylvatica
Prenanthes
muralis
Fumaria
capreolata

arvensis

Conway.']

Rum
ex
obtusifoUus
Potentilla verna
Rumex
Acetosa
Trifulium
ocroleucum
Hypericum humifusum
hirsutum
Linum
catharticum
Caltha palustria
Ribes rubrum
communis
Tamus
Mentha
nirsuta
Glechoma
hederacea
Ballota nigra

Hieracium

lividua
Chelidonium
majus
Primula
vulgaris
veris
elatior
farinosa

"

near
^yffnjUy

LOWEE

Thymus
8erpyllum
Origanum vulffare

C. M.
plants in a season.
[In reply to your correspondent,the situation in which the
It is
^lant is growing is the south end of the plant stove.
rotundifolia
Campanula
Digitalis
purpurea
Solidago Vii-gam-ea
planted-outin a border 18 inches wide, by 9 feet long. The
Myosotis arvensis
non-Bcriptus Lotus major
-compost which I use consists of one-fourth old lime rubbish, Hyacinthus
Lysimachia
vulgaris
Oxalis Acetosella
one-fourth
officinalis
broken
bricks and charcoal,and one-half fibrous
Valeriana
Sagina proeumbens
dioica
is Picris hieraeioides
loam, well mixed.
As regards culture,plenty of moisture
CircEea
lutetiana
Saxifraga tridactylites
Mercurialis
given while the plant is growing,and until it has completed its Eollispe-ennis*
perennis
Picris echioidea
itanunculus aquatilis
fresh
growth ; then I graduallywithhold water until the end
Lonicera
Fericlymenum
Ficaria
oi September,
Salvia verbenacea
from which time up to March
the plant is left
acris
bonus-HenChenopodium
repens
perfectlydry. The native country of this Cereus ia Jamaica,
rieus
Lingua
and the plant we have came
from
Its flowers are white, Veronica serpyUifolia
Malva
there.
sylvestris
Euphrasia officinalis
officinalis
and have a strong Vanilla scent.
Any further details I will
Galium
uliginoBum
Chamffidrys
Alchemilla
give with pleasure. Robert
vulgaris
Beccabunga
Maitland, The Gardens, Pen"

OF

Aspeiula odorata
Sanguisorba officinalis

Myrtillua

Vitib-Idsea

sepium

verum

I have

Orontiimi
Antirrhinum
Bteilaria nemorum
Oardamine
amara
Viola odorata
carina

Sempervivum

phffium

Polygalavulgaris

to ask

PAET

WHAKFEDAiE.

particularsas to the situation,

aspect,"c., in SpirseaUlmaria
Galium
%hich is growing the fine specimen of Cereus grandiflorus
described
saxaiile
by Mr. Maitland,at page 28. If he can giveparticulars
pusillum
boreale
-of its native country I shall be glad,as I have ia my collection
cruciatum
three plants,all under the name
and
of Cereus grandiflorus,
Plantago major
lanceolata
all diSerent.
from
One plant came
Demerara, one from New
Helianthemum
vnlgare
from an
and under
Providence,and one
English collection,
Achillea Millefolium
bilene iuflata
I shall much
as
value the details of culture,
any circumstances
leucanWISH

HIGHEST

THE

IN

DUELET,

crocatum
Arenaria
verna
Draba
incana
Viola lutea
Ghamffimorus
Rubus
Turritia glabra
fontana
Montia

StellariG uliginosa

Chrysosplenmm
sylvatica

Card amine

Crepis paluiosa
Equiselum palustre
Telmatiea
Polypidium vulgare
oreopteris
Dryopteris
Phegopteria
Pteris aquiUna
Asplenium Trichomanes
Athyrium Flix-fcemina
boreale
Blechuum
Lastrea
spinuloaa
dilatata
Filixmas

aculeatum

Bumex

Acetosella

Aspidium

THE

JERSEY

EXHIBITION.

Scropholarianodosa

LOWEK

ROSES

WHARFEDALE.

AT

marks
reof the 20th inst. that "Toueist"
in your number
my
the fact (?)of
for Koees, and
the absence of medals
on
history,I took up my
the
Eose
Show.
founded
on
As
I
been
Exhibition
the
having
the lower part of the "lordly Wharfe," beneath
the barren
the fruit and fiowera I can assure
you that these
and rugged gritstoneheights of Simon
Seat and Harden
Fell, was Judge of
medal
A bronze
not
correct.
was
are
actually
statements
contrastingwell with those aged and noble groves that overhang
of these
blooms of Koses, and the show
the rocky river,and the fertile and luxuriant foliage
neath.awarded to the best
beExhibition
founded
the
show of
was
on
The
merited no more.
The natural woods of the hillside are chiefly
Oak, with
Islands' cattle. T. C. BKfiHAni, Biclunond
Channel
House,
Rowan
and Birch, and less Hazel and Ash, than across
more
Guernsey.
the river in the limestone dales.
The principal
Mosses of the
stream
are
Racomitrium
and
aciculare,Hypnum
flagellare,
Eose
AiiEKiOAK Eaelt
Potato,
Hypnum
the hillsides abound
in
Mv exoprience of the Early
palustre; the bogs upon

Being

on

summer's

ramble, and a great lover of natural

abode at Birden, Skipton-in-Craven,
on

SEE

"

"

Sphagnuma, Bartramia fontana,Brjum ventricosum,Hypnum

Eose

Potato is the

sumo

ao

ihat

of Mi

T. J. Hatiisou

{page26).

OF

JCUENAL

68

HORTICULTXJEE

AND

COTTAGE

[ July 27, 1871.

GARDENER,

I have it side by side with Kidneys and Jersey Blues.

The
grounds,and of the average duration which the several sorts haye
attained.
neither of the othersitonched,
nor
EarlyRose is badly blighted,
Oaks, EnglishElms,
about here as yet. W. li.,[Birchington.The oldest trees in the groundsare undoubtedly
have I heard of blight
and perhapsHawthorns, of which some
of the first and last may be
relicsof the aboriginal
foreststhat covered this partof England; whilst
"

the oldest of the Elms

THE

PROGRESS

The
1870 :"

followingare

AT

GARDENS

ROYAL

extracts

OF

CONDITION

AND

from

THE

586,835,as

total number

Total number

on
on

"

2G5,585
821,250

Sundays
Week-days

586,835
Greatest Monthly attendance
(Jane)
Smallest Monthly attendance
(December)
Greatest Week-day attendanco
(Wbit-Moudny. June
Smallest "Week-day attendance
(December 9th)
Greatest Sunday attendance
(-Tune5th)
Smallest Sunday attendance
{February 18th)
Nuvibei- of Visitors in each

Month

of

the

for

three hundred

KEW.

the Director's report for

of yiaitorsin the year 1870 has been

630,594 in 1S69, and 502,369 in 1868.
against
The

obtained

145,029

6th).

2,871
41,572
11

19,365
70

Yep.}-1870.

Brought forward

all planted.
No data have been
undoubtedly
exceed
none
age of the Oaks, but probably
the majority
date from the reignof George II-

years, and
that remain
end of the

The

onlylargoones

one

near

the

were

the
ascertaining

upper

several

are

lake, and

near

the Brentford Gate,

the Queen'snear

several

Cottagegrounds.
The largest
EnglishElms of which the ringshave been counted are
the
about two hundred and fifty
years old,but there are a few near
Of
attained three hundred years.
Palace gateswhich have probably
these the
the

off this winter,and

blown
nearest the gateswas
tobut the butt was
too far decayedfor its rings
the old Elms in the groundsand their outskirtsare

top of that
stump removed ;

be counted.
in rows,
and

All

either plantedalong former walks, or came

were
up in
and were
hedgerows,
sparedwhen the domain was enclosed and the
old
there
were
under two hundred
Of Elms
years
hedgesremoved.
for the
innumerable examplesthroughoutthe grounds; these were
most
part suckers from the roots of older Elms, which, coming up

arable damage to them ;

amongst other and better trees,have done irro]
the English Elm
in Ught
beingof all plantsthe most impoverishing
soils.

422,723
Of the old Hawthorns, the last fineone
duringthe summer's
perished
74,831
time on
the gi-avelly
at one
parts,and appeared
March
58,119 drought;they abounded
Park Hawthorns.
to be of the same
October
age as the old Richmond
21,706
AprU
that
have sprung
the
other
November
trees
6,585
May
Beech, Oak, and Maple are
only
December
June
2,871 np spontaneously
in the grounds,
and all from originally
plantedtrees.
July
The oldest Beeches
and are about
were
plantedin George II. 's reign,
Total
586,835
deed
old
but
of
these
and
there are very few inhundred
one
fifty
;
years
Carried forward
422,723
the Brentford
tree near
; the largestof them is a magnificent
1. BoTAMc
Gaedens.
The improYemciits
of the Gate, with a trunk
lu the lajing-out
10:^feet in girth at 5 feet above the ground; its
which
have been in progress for the last
grounds of this department,
branches,which sweep and root in the ground,form a circle116 pacesfive years, are now
nearlybroughtto a close by the remodellingduring in circumference. It is showing signsof decay.
the past year of the herbaceous
ground; by the construction of the
formed
of the'
The majorityof the Beeches, which
eight-tenths
Rose walk, 215 yards long,along the wall bounding the herbaceous
extensive
and dense
of Kew, are part of an
arboreous vegetation
gi'oundon the west, which has been heightenedby the addition of plantation,
made
about 1750, hut which, havingbeen wholly neglected
of the reserve
3 feet of pierced
ground; during the succeedinghundred
brickwork; by the fenciug-off
another
one
years, have impoverished
by the completionof the terrace on which the new
range of stoves, to such an extent that the majority
diseased and fungussed..
are
already
"c., stands (whichis,however, only paitially
by the It is upon this Beech forest that the winter gales and last summer's
planted)
; and
formation of the paths leading to this. Many Piues and other evergreen
having no root-hold,drought have told most heavily; the majority,
trees have been transplanted,
chine,
machiefly
by the transplanting
followed
and the loss of one
is immediately
could not resistthe blasts,
to shut out the view of the backs of the
and placedas screens
the admission of the wind, and
both fiom
by that of its neighbours,
houses on Kew Green, and the fronts of those along the Richmond
from
the sun's rays dryingand heatingthe surface of the previously
introduced
deciduous
been
trees have
Road ; and many
along the shaded soilover their roots.
walks ; largebeds of Rhododendrons, Laurels,and other shrubs have
Of other trees there are several goodLimes, Evergreen Oaks, Spanish
also been planted
paths.
alongthe principal
and fifty
to two hundred
and Horse
Chestnuts,all from one hundred
An attempt has been made to utilise the Deodars, with which some
years
old; these trees have thriven well, and last long in the soil of
too much
crowded,by placinga number of Kew.
parts of the garden were
The Ashes, Poplars,
Acacias, and Willows average onlyfrom
them
at equal distances along a line concentric with the Yew fence
hundred
hundred and fifty
to one
sixty
one
years, and the Birches
which encloses the Palm-house
area, leavinga broad grass walk
to eighty
yearr.
of the scattered
between the fence and the Deodars.
Similarly
Cedars
many
of
are
trees of any age at Kew
The only good Coniferous
and now
form an
Atlas Cedars
have been transplanted,
avenue
along Lebanon and Larches ; many of the former were plantedabout 1750,.
the curved walk leadingto the back of the old Victoria bouse.
Other
but of these not a dozen
remain ; the largesthaving attained a girth
have been planted of 11
with the scattered Wellingtonias,
Conifers,together
the ground. The Spruces,Scotch Fira^
feet at 5 feet above
alongthe vista which leads from the west door of the Palm house to Pinasters,and Weymouth Piues have all been ruined by being crowded
4,971
5,494
10,487
t-8,557
65,3u7
145,029
1C2,878

January
February

August
September

"

the

Cedar
gi*eat
Largo beds

in the pleasuregrounds.
and
of mixed
deciduous shrubs
iiowering,
evergreen,
plantedon both sides of all the gates leadingthroughthe
and in other exposed
into the pL-asure-gronnds,
with
places,

amongst

forest trees.
Road

The

Spruces,with

Hemlock

which

the

path by

ornamented twenty years ago, are everyone

the Pagoda,havingsuccumbed to the
dead ; the last,
which stood near
wire fence
Of Planes there never
the
were
of
; a
summer.
many
drought
past
hot
the
effects
of
the
and
of
winds
cold
the view
summer
mitigating
over's
few fine Orientals, planted in 1740
50, remain in the lung of Hanof the grounds by the loss of
"winter ones, wbit-h since the denudation
the
the
near
old Palace,and one
Temple of
grounds,one near
and then devastate the gardens.
trees and old shrubberies,
ever}' now
the Sun.
stands
has
been
re-levelled
which
the
Palm
bouse
for
terrace
The
on
all the trees of which there were
The above comprise
any quantity
in 1S46 ; its angles have
been
the first time since its construction
to the publicin 1845 ;
in the grounds previousto their being made over
and Rhododendrons, and the whole
filled with largebeds of Laurels
been
removed tosince which time four-fifths have either died or have
terrace bordered with Ivy.
make
ifcc.
avenues, paths,
way for buildings,
the many
to be done in bringing
A greatdeal remains
young trees
efforts were
made by my predecessor
Between 1840 and 1865 many
that have from time to time been plantedin old shrubberies and on
to keep up the sylvansceneiy of the pleasure grounds,by planting
have
still to
the lawns
more
into picturesque
groups, and many
old
available
Conifers
the
in
cially
trees,
open
every
space, espeamongst
be introduced.
Most of the old shrubberies want renewal or clearing
Deodars, Cedars, Scotch, Douglas,Austrian, Corsican, and
and
the American
garden behind the Palm stove,which has
away,
of
various
Smithiana, andSinuces
Pines,Pinus longifolia,
the summer
suffered severely
from
drought,requiresreplantingWeymouth
could not"
sorts, besides forest trees innumerable ; but as permission
throughout.
either to make
sutficientclearances or to disturb the
be
obtained,
The banks of the ornamental
water are
constantly
being washed
these
have
the
old
trees by trenching
roots of the
x^lantations
ground,
owing to the depth of water close to them ; they
"away by the ripple,
of unoccupied
acres
failed. On the other hand, be covered many
utterly
should be wattled and plantedwith clumps of Osier,Sedge,"c.
land, by tho river and elsewhere,and in the Queen's cottage2. Pleasure
mer's
sumGrounds.
The effectsof the long and severe
which have all done well,and are now
with plantations,
being
drought ou the old trees in this department have been disastrous; grounds,
fillthe clearances
thinned,by
transplanting
young trees from them to
theyhave perished
by hundreds. Elms, Ashes,Beeches, and Sycamores which are
made
elsewhere.
being
liujits
the
of
no
doubt,from havingapproachedthe
especially
; many,
blind paths" for carts,"c., have beea
yardsof
Eight hundred
so
excessively
poor a soil as that of
age which sut-h trees attain on
made
throughthe woods,with gravelfrom the lal^e beds.
Kew, but more,
perhaps,through having been drawn up in thick
The lake in tho pleasure
grounds,which was half iinished in 1S69,
and thus starved from the first.
plantations,
and the whole of tho ground on the south
has since been completed,
Active stepshuve been taken to clear largoareas
of dyingand dead
for the formation
trees,to trench the ground, and clear it of old roots,and plantcloselyside of it cleared,covered with good soil,and prepared
with.
of which will be begun forththo planting
of tho new
will be thinned out as they
pinetura,
a mixture of young trees of all sorts,which
In reference to this pinetnmI have to state that,as no complete
to arrive at an
has enabled me
This operation
approximate
grow.
ConiferB
exists
ia
of
hardy
common
of the more
trees in these publicarrangedand named collection
estimate of the ages of some
have

been

the

Richmond

was

"

"

'*

jouenaij

July 27, 1871. 1

of

horticulture

and

cottage

gardener.

69

at Kew is looked forward to

Messrs. Booth, of Hamburgh, have presented
a second
selectionof
Of the latter, the rarer
nurserymen.
European and American foresttrees of their nurseries to the
and
of
Diclcson
Lawson,
Edinburgh,
kinds that are not to be found in English
Arboretum,including
many
to the Royal Gardens
land TuTabull,of Perth, have presented
mens
specicollections. It is a curious fact that the rage for introducing
ferous
Coniin
of evei*y species
and variety
that was
to be found in duplicate
trees into Englishparksand gardenshas almost extinguished
iheir extensive collections. Mr. M'Nab, of the Edinburgh Botanic
the culture of all but a few deciduous trees
to apply
; and I have now
valuable
"Gardens,has also sent masy
plantsfor tbis department. to foreign
nurseries for the rarer
Maples,Oaks, Ashes,Limes, Poplars,
Many thousand loads of good loam from the laliebed have been carted
"c., which were
so extensively
plantedin Englishparks in the early
the east side,Tvhere the
"to those parts of the 'grounds,
on
especially
part of this century,and which when the Kew Arboretum was made in
and
soil is excessively
plantations,
1810-50,were to be procured at the suburban nurseries. Messrs. Lee,
poor, preparatory to forming new
'the rest of the soil has been put round the roots of the trees wherever
of Hammersmith, have promised a fall set of their hardy deciduous
it was thoughtadvisable.
trees,"c., and Mr. W. Paul,of Waltham
Cross,and others,have most
The
demands
3. Interchange
Living
and
Seeds.
Plants
of
suppliedmany deficiencies.
liberally
tbe
from
and
for
India
this
Colonies,
the
establishment,
Besides
especially
contribntions
iiiipon
above,the

the establishment of such a one

En^Iaffld,
mth macli interest by both collectorsand
two

of the most

eminent, Messrs.

"

forest and
and temperateplants
and seeds ; and from planters,
^tropical
for information of allsorts,increase annually
garden superintendents,
;

are
of special
following
value,
interest viz.
Mr. C. F. Carstensen,H.B.M.
Vice-Consul, Mogador; the true
the drug of which has been
Euphorbium of commerce,
importedinto
Europe for upwards of two thousand years, whereas the plant producing
it was
known to Europeans. Seeds of the
never
previously
or

"

these demands are of so miscellaneous a nature that it is often

-difficult
to keep up with them.
active and intelligent
Sis more
young gardenershave been sent to
in India,in which
'the Cotton, "c., plantations
country there are upwards Argan tree.
former Kew
of thirty
cmploijes
engaged in various departments M. Kufi'mann, Botanic Gardens, Moscow; live plantsof the drug
"ofhorticulture and arboriculture. A skilful gardenerhas been sent to
Sumbul, from Central Asia,another importantmedicine,
whose origin
'the Botanic Gardens in Jamaica, which are being revived under the was previously
unknown.
Sir J. P. Grant ; and another
A third hitherto unknown
^energetic
government of his Excellency
a
plant,yielding
drug of the greatest
Garden
to take chargeof the Agriat Madras.
Horticultural Society's
value,has been for the first time introduced into Europe duringthe
The success
is now
of the Cinchona
fullyestablished in past year
experiment
namely,the true medicinal Ehubarb, from Western China ;
Mountains
Khasia
'the Sikkam-Himalaya,the Neilgherries,
(East of which a healthylive planthas been received from the Jardin dActies
The bark from the first-named localiBengal),Ceylonand Jamaica.
climatation of Paris.
has commanded
4. MusEU^is.
a
The substitutionof printed
priceequal to the Peruvian in the English
forwrittenlabels throughout
market ; nineteen cases
of red bark from Darjeeling having been
the collections is beingproceededwith.
An improvedmethod
of
bought by Messrs. Howard " Sons for Is. 9"/.per lb., which these mounting the specimensof seed-vessels,
cones, "c., is beingcarried
bark of the same
inform me is what South American
""gentlemen
ago
out, which will greatly
facilitatetheir inspection,
and
at the same
bark has been
"would have fetched.
time improve the appearance
No less than a ton of prepared
of the collection. Methylated
is
spirit
eent to London
the produceof seeds seat to Dr. Thwaites
from Ceylon,
the fleshy
fruitsinstead of acetic acid,which
beingused for preserving
irom Kew in 1361.
it is found does not permanently jirevent
decomposition.
I was
assured by the late Dr. Anderson, Superintendent
of the
5. Herbaeidm
Library.
About ten thousand specimens
and
have
Calcutta Botanic Garden, and the successful introducer of the plant been received,
in this deparment.
as donations,
chiefly
into Sikkim, that it will in a very few years be producedthere in any
Jos. D. Hooeer, Director.
(Signed)
at the rate of ^d. per lb.
"quantity
I continue to have demands
for Cinchona seed from many
quarters,
"which I am enabled to supplyfrom seeds ripenedin the Ceylonplantation
NOTES
AND
GLEANINGS.
under Dr. Thwaites's superintendence.
The Yice-Chancellor Sir E. Malins has made
an
alteration
Great exertions are being made by the Indian Government to introduce
of the Oxford
the Ipecacuanha
this establishment in the constitution of tbe Managing Committee
plant into India; in which operation
Garden.
A petitionwas
has been called upon
to take an active part. This is due, Botanic
presentedby the Uaiversity
to the limited and uncertain
of Oxford, the Yice-Chancellor of the XJuivereity,
Dr. Liddell,
.partly
supplyof the drug received from
of administering
it and the Professor of Botany there,Mr. M, A. Lawbon, for the
America, and more to the revival of the old practice
doses in cases
of dysentery,
It purpose of obtaininga variation of a scheme
inlarge
upon which it acts as a specific.
made in pursuance
isa singular
that the introducers of the Ipecacuanha
into European
fact,
of a Master's report, dated in 1833, whereby a perpetual committee,
the Brazilian traveller Marcgrav and the physician
Piso (in
vpractice,
the Proctors for the
consistingof the Viee-Ohaucello"%
for dysentery,
stated that the powder is a specitie
cure
1648),explicitly
time being,and the Regius Professor of Piiyeie,
with
the seven
in doses of a drachm
and upwards ; but that this information
appears
seniors resident upon the physic line,"was
established for the
-never
to have been acted upon till 1S13, when
of
SurgeonG. Playfair,
the
of
Garden
at
in
accordance
management
Physic
the East Indian
Oxford,
to itsuse
in these
"wrote testifying
Company's service,
with the ^ill of Dr. William
doses. Again,in 1831, a number
of reportsof medical
officerswere
Sherrard, made in April,1728.
of a
publishedby the Madras Medical Board, showing its greateffects in Dr. Shervard by his will gave "3000 for the maintenance
doses
of
five
hundred
till
Professor
one
of the Physic Garden
at Oxford, upon
grains,
hourly
Botany
frequently
grainswere
dition
conits weight,
that the University
givenin a short pei'iod;
which, notwithstanding
testimony
should settle a perpetual fund for
when it has
"was
doomed to bo similarly
overlooked till quiterecently,
maintaining the garden. A suit was instituted shortlyafter Dr.
been againbrought directly
Goveinunder the notice of the Indian
Sherrard's death, in which it was
settled that the University
efforts to introduce the culture of
snent, which is making very vigorous
should pay "150 a-year for keeping up the garden in question,
^he plantinto suitable districts of India.*
and the Royal Collegeof Phjsicianswere
appointed visitors of
The numbers of plants,
seeds,"c., sent out,is as follows :
the gardens. It was
now
tuted
proposed that the Committee consti4911
1494 I PacVets of seeds
Hardy trees and shrubs
as
above mentioned
should be replaced by three resident
Stove
and greenhouse plants 5186 I Ward's
eases
34
members
of Convocation, who
should be nominated
-Herbaceous plants
by the
1317 |Recipients
150
Vice-Chancellor
and Proctors of the University,subjectto the
The receipts
have been:
approbation of Convocation, and should hold otfice for ten
2676
S71
Seed packets
"Hardy trees and shrubs
"
The
years, and be styled Curators of the Botanic Garden."
Stove and greenhouse plants 1409
Ward's cases
30
Vice-Chancellor approved the proposition,
and made an order
Herbaceous
12 1 9
Donors
152
plants
to carry it into effect.
and

"

"

"

"

"

"

8599

It will be perceivedby our

advertising columns that a
supplemental Rose Show will be held at the CrystalPalace on
tion
August 5 :h,but we have been favoured with no farther informathe subject.
on
The
Cultivation
Poppy
the
of
in
China, which has
of the Departmentof Agricul"Capron,Esq.,the active commissioner
ture
been more
than once
prohibitedby Imperial edicts,appears to
of the United States of America, by which
a vast number
be increasingeverywhere,and becoming a profitable
trade.
In
of American seeds,and especially
of Californian and Rocky Mountain
and the season
Szechuen, where the climate is warm
early,two
trees,have been procured and distributed to the colonies.
ground annually. The
crops at least are produced on the same
in February, the plantsflower in
I am
indebted
for most of these facts to my
friend.Dr. Cbristison, seed of the Poppy is sown
that ho has habituallyreferred,
who informs
to them
in his
'F.R.S.,
April,and the fruits are so far matured by the middle of May,
of University lectures,and
has long wondered
bow it was
courses
that
the stalks removed
the
is
and
that
and burnt
juice collected,
should
have
medical
long and
obstinately shut their eyes to
directlyafter; but previousto this the second crop, which may
of tbe Ipecacuanha
this truth. The merit of proposing the introduction
be either Indian Corn, Cotton,or Tobacco, is ao^vr, so that almost
plant into India, is,I believe,due to Dr. Murray, Director of the Medical
Staff of the Indian army,
and the operaiion
being energeticallyconducted
by the time the Poppy is cleared from the field the newby Dr. Anderson, late Superintendent of the Calcutta Botanic
its appearance.
The profit
derived from the cultivacrop makes
had
Gardens, who at the period of his untimely death {in October last),
t on of tbe Poppy ia not only the result of a fair market value
procured a lafge quantity of plants for transport to India,
The

of plantssent out has been

to Jamaica,
greaterproportion
the United
'Ceylon,India,Australia,
States,and to continental
Algeria,
and the United
States ; and of
gardens; of seed to all the colonies,
Ward's
to the West Indies,Australia,and Natal.
cases
A very extensive correspondencewas
commenced
last year with H.
means

me

men

so

so

was

70

JOUBNAL

HOBTICULTTJEU

OF

AND

and a ready sale,but also from the fact that mnch

of the work
in the plantation,especiallythe gatherins of the juice,
can
be done by the children of the family. The
soratchingsor
inciaions being made
which has oozed out

COTTAGE

GABDENER.

[ July 27, 1871.

perhapssufferingfrom rheumatism, while

the aphis tribe abon*

them
were
digging away most
contentedlyinto the juicesof
the plantsthey were
attacking. Just now, too, I see many
individuals of the Lace-winged Fly (Chrysopa
emerging
perla),

in the capsulesin the morning, the jaice

in the course
of the day is collected in the
from the pupa condition,and these will soon
produce a large
and
after
evening,
simply exposing it to the sun for a few days family of their descendants,great lovers of aphisflesh. A very
it is ready for packing. The seed not requiredfor sowing is
elegantyet unpleasantinsect is the flyin question,for it can
used for food.
circumstances an odour which is rather
developeunder some
{Nature.)
"

"
Flokal
Society.
D., Deal,'' states, worse, as I think, than sulphuretedhydrogen. Not always ia
it thus odoriferous,
and one observer has suggestedthat it is a
that the schedules will be sent
applications,
from the CrystalPalace to all previous exhibitors,
that he will sexual peculiarity.Not unfrequentlya specimen of it will bs
to
an
friend with the exclamabrought
tion,
entomologistby some
send off those for other applicants
he receives them,
as
as Foon
"See, here's a beautiful fly!" To this the response
is fixed for the 30th and 31st of August,
and that the Show
naturallyis, Oh, very much so ! but I would rather not take
instead of the 24th and 25lh as previouslyannounced.
it in my hand, if you will excuse
me."
Feetilisation
Bee Okchis.
of
Mr. Darwin, in bis
the
It is BO frequentan occurrence
to find the Hawthorn
hedges
"Fertilisation
of Orchids," states
his belief that the Bee
defohated in May and June that even
naturalists do not always
Orchis presents a physiological
difference from all other British
have their attention drawn
to the fact,and
has
observe who
self-fertilised. I had, yesterday,an
Orchids,and is habitually
been the depredator or depredators,for there are
sometimes
of these plants in one
of
opportunity of observing a number
several at work
offender is the Littla
together. A common
its abundant
localities in Surrey,and at a time when fertilisation
Moth
Ermine
{Yponomeuta padella). And not only is this
must have been completed. In every plant almost all the
thorn
Hawon
speciesabundant
loaded
with
capsules were
considerablyswollen, and were
and allied plants,bat
apparently fertilisedovules. In most of the withered flowers
the caterpillars
also disfigure
the remains
of the polliniawere
still visible in the position
and damage various
deecribed by Mr. Darwin, hanging down
before the entrance
to
fruit trees with their webs,
the nectary, in immediate
ing
proximity to the stigma,and renderand contrive thus, by the
it almost impossible to believe that the flower had ever
protectionthey afford,to
been
entered by any insect of considerable
size,which must
vorous
escape many of the insectihave carried away the pollinia
with it. The fact that
inevitably
birds while diligently
the Bee Orchis,the most
imitative
of all our native plants,
the employment
pursuing
is never
visited by insects,
is a very suggestive
one.
If,as might
of stripping the boughs.
"well have been assumed, the object
of the
is the
mimicry
Yponomeuta padella.
When
this page meets
the
attraction of bees, the device appears to have signally
failed.
reader's eye the moth
is in the imago state,and quantitiesol
Alfkee W. Bennett.
(Nature.)
these small,and certainly
Ermines
be
ing
flutterseen
pretty
may
about around the spots where they had lived as caterpillars,
intent on providingfor the continuance
of the species,
ject
suba
SOME
INSECTS
OUR
PEEDATORY
OF
in which the horticulturist may be expected to feel little
GARDENS."
No. 13.
were
sympathy. A few weeks since the caterpillars
ing
approachEeally
cannot
and
one
feel at all surprisedthat agriculturists
maturity, and I saw thousands of them on Apple and Pear
in
different
Weetwood
has intrees
of
Professor
formed
should
weather
horticulturists
utter some
we
parts Surrey.
complaintsat the
have had throughout a great part of the spring and summer
us that in the north of France, some
of
years since,the Apple
trees for miles were
defoliated by these troublesome
1871. We look usually shall we
for a displayof a
creatures,
say it?
which
visible by theii
certain measure
are
of dissatisfaction when
we
fortunatelyrendered sufficiently
questionindividuals
belongingto either class with regardto atmosphericinfluences. webs after they are a week old. Upon a web being pulleddown
of the iumates
The
weather
lish
is an
sure
to escape, and, gettingoff,estabare
Englishman's topic,often an unpleasant some
fresh colonies, for the caterpillar
of the Little Ermine
whose pocket,or whose reputation
one, and doubly so to a man
and his feelingsare
affected thereby. Conversing latelywith
drops by a thread when alarmed, and reaches the ground it it
be thus
a friend who
of their numbers
is a gardener,I attempted to check the jeremiad can.
However, a diminution
may
should the trees be examined
he was
when
made, and more
especially
indulging in by remarking that he had at least one
reason
to be thankful
(he cold easterly
winds and the generally the insects have entered the pupa
condition,for precautionary
taken
the
much
then
trees from
measures
nnseasonable
weather had, as I perceivedby my own
tions
observasave
injurythe
may
It is usuallythe habit of these caterpillars
in the country, done much
diminish
the
to retard or
followingseason.
when
to
to
in
the
common
each
in
web,
ready
change,
development of insect life. But he was
arms
spin
directly.
up
up
"
That '8 all you know about it. Certainlythere are not many
of silk. Some
few
making for himself an inner encasement
The
and some
other sorts of insects I haven't
seen
straggleoff to walls, palings,and odd nooks.
web, or
caterpillars,
Tthioh I mostly see, but there 's hosts of flies ; and as for the
social tent, spun
of the Little Ermine
is
by the caterpillars
blight,why, there 's quantitiesof it on everything,and what 's more
annoying than that produced by other gregariousspecies,
because
extended
The
it
it
is
for
came
with
those
winds
're
generally
indefinitely.
Lackey,
praising
more,
easterly
very
you
the
instance,spins its web, and when food near it gets scarce
up." This was an argument I could not gainsay,and I soon
found the truth of his assertion as to the abundance
of aphides, brood migrate and form another. In the species before us a.
sort of offshoot is made
from some
for they swarmed
both on
angle of the web, by means
ment
plant and tree, and are at this moof which more
leaves are enclosed ; and thus they proceedevery
dispersed,in all stages and of varying ages, over our
until
silk
mass
of
is
a
suburban
the number
day
quite
produced, intermingled with
gardens west and south of the metropolis,
the cast-oil
skins and the excretions of the caterpillars.
One
beingbeyond the average. Even the Limes and Planes about
writer on
of silken
But as to their
entomology has stated,that " the mass
our
parks and squares are thick with them.
being brought by the wind, and an east wind in particular, threads and webs is of such a size and toughness that even the
here I have my doubts, though quite aware
that they do perscarcelymake their way through them when
very sparrows can
form
aerial migrations,as I have myself observed, and as others
they alighton the tree." In this,however, there is some
aggeration.
exhave recorded instances.
half
seemed
inclined
to
My friend
The
the
of
laid
in
the
summer
that
had
travelled
the
and
reached
species,
on
the
across
t
hough
eggs
blight
city,
suppose
which
us
westerns
are
from the districts in Kent and Essex
twigs,are not hatched until the succeeding spring. So far as
I have observed,the broods which
adjacentto London.
This, however, is evident from inquiry
appear from the different
that whatever
pillar,
the folks there may
have parted with in the
patchesof eggs fraternise freelywith each other ; and a caterwhich
has
by some
mishap been turned out of house and
aphis line,they have a suf"oiencystillleft.
is
received
without
the
whithor
do
first
home,
into
where
most
However, fortunately
for us,
question
colony
aphides
gate,
congrebe can
make
his way.
thither resort, not only their friends the ants, but also
their very numerous
to havs
Amongst the annoying insects which certainly
seem
enemies.
Ladybirdsare about justnow
abundant
here of late years is the common
Crane
in force,and also the larvte of Syrphi. Unfortunately,as it become more
the ravages of which
of their deFly or Daddy Longlegs (Tipulaoleracea),
mora
appears, the aphides are
hardy than some
formed
ol
most
and
I
have
a
with
that
of
the
vourere
the Syrphi moving about on
comment
seen
a
c; Id
subject
worthy
;
ECaumnr.
He
noticed that in Poitou the
uncomfortable
and " out of Bortp," older naturalists,
day as if theywere decidedly

Meteopolitan

in

answer

"

to many

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

JOUENATi

July 27, 1871. ]

OF

HORTICULTURE

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

71

of the larva,
and they are also a favourite article of food with birds.
destroyed
by means
Books
sive
when
that the cattle suffered severely. He entertained the deluare
especially,
hunting for them in the fields,
notion that it fed upon earth, and only injuredvegetation soared away or perhapsshot by the ignorant,or, it may be, by
by its mining operations. Mr. Stickneywas able,however, to the better educated,on the suppositionthat they are attacking
ministration
the vegetation. As Mr. Newman
Mr. Kirby that it devoured the roots, and that the adassure
suggests,the best remedy for
of very largedoses of lime had littleeffect upon it. this and other insect pests is the encouragement of birds. For
of " the grub " two
name
use
on
a small
scale he recommends
in which
Mr. Kirby adds,that under the vague
water
Walnul
namely, Tipula oleracea and oornicina ; leaves have been boiled,and a weak solution of carbolic acid
speciesare confounded
and others also,we might now
say, though the former species has also been proposed.
A few years back some
consternation was occasioned in ona
is the most troublesome and unfriendlyto the gardener as well
of our London
Many a lawn and grass plathave I seen
as the agriculturist.
parks by the subterranean proceedingsof Tipula
these
insidious
work
of
larvse
and
in
stance,
inone
the
scathed by
oleracea,
largepatches of the ground presentinga dismal ap;
pearance.
The Minister was
in particular,
going through a public garden, where a
questionedregarding the matter
turf,I was imazed at the in the House, and he repliedwith calmness and a delightful
new
path had been cut through some
of Tipula larva which were
laid
absence of scientific knowledge that tfiere
dense and disgustingmasses
had been a
plague
of insects," but that proper remedial
bare.
Describingthe ravages of the speciesat Holderness,Mr.
measures
were
being
counted
210
in
taken. In spiteof these the speciesstill frequentsthe grassy
a single square
grubs
Kirby speaks of having
to
claim
have
I
made
but
cannot
exact
lation,
calcuof
and
St.
James's
an
where
foot ;
the perfectinsect
though
slopes Hyde
Parks,
referred to the number
furnishes much
I believe that in the case
was
amusement
to youngsters from
the decided
indifferenceit shows as to parting with its legs a rather awk~
stilllarger,
so
closelywere they packed together. Even under
favourable circumstances
only a proportionof these reach the ward case for those who believe in acute insect sensibilities.
"J. R. S. C.
perfectcondition,being diminished in number by various para-

grass of extensive districts was

sites,

so

"

"

"

GROUND

LEVELLING

AND

PRACTICAL
DRAWING

42 to the ground. Draw lines e f

To draw and transfer fig.
centre o,
and o H at rightangles; draw square a, 6,c, d. From
describe a circle ;
being the point where the two lines intersect,
the pointswhere the
meter
the diacircle cuts
lines give the
points 1, 4, 9, 12.
From
point 1, with
radius 1,3, draw arc 3,

GARDEN

PLOTTING."

e.

the

From

On

each side of centre o,

on

lines

the

Reduce

3.

long,trace

arc

8;

ra-

duce the string3 feet

and trace arc 7. From
the pegs at points6, c,
and d, with the same
stringy
lengths of
trace

arcs

ing
correspond-

7 and 8.
each side of the
On
diameter
lines e
s
and
a
h
measure
18 inches,and insert
pegs as at pointsm n^
v w,
ana
r s, t u, and
to

arcs

lay lines connecting

points m n, r s, "e.,
thus formingentrance

10.

to the

the outside
from
circle.
of the
the lines cross
Where
the
other
are
each
angles of the beds.
the
dotted
in Box, as are also
indicates the beds.
e
shown,
to E. Leeming, Esq,.,
Gardener
walks

presented
ground the design rein Jig. 42.

The
diameter
of the
Fig.42. Scale 16 feet to the inch,
circle is 58 feet. Lay
line E r, and bisect it at
rightangleswith line a h ; where the The lines are intended to be
lines cross
each other insert a
at centre
From
o.
points of the outside beds as
peg as
centre o, with a string29 feet long,trace the outside circle. w
the walks." M. O'Donnell,
Find square a, b, c, d, as before described" the side is 23 feet
SpringGrove,Bichmond,
3 inches" insert a peg at each point,as at
d.
points a, b, c,

BEDFORD
somewhat

13 feet

measure

the peg at point 12

similar
arce"
trace
From
the peg at point
12
with
a
string feet
a,

9.
Draw
the
outside
circle from centre o,
also draw lines m n,

Being

h,

9 trace arcs 10 and 11"

From
the peg at point
the
same
4, with
length of string,trace
5 and 6. From
arcs

same

points 1, 4, and

feet, and
ing
trace arc 2, terminatas
at points a c.
the peg at point
From

7 and 8 ;
a draw
arcs
draw
corresponding
from points6, c,
arcs
and d.
From
point
12 draw arcs
similar
to those drawn
from

transfer

and

terminatingat points
a and
b. From
point

To

string 3

10 and
arcs as arcs
11.
From point4, on
diameter
line
o
h,
with radius 4,6, draw
arc
6, meeting arc 3
at point e ; from the
same
pointdraw arc 5,

s, t u,

inches,and insert a peg at each point,as at points1, 4,9, 12.

From the peg at point1,with a string15 feet long,trace arc 3, terminating
at pointse e,
shown
as
5f;"
by radius

point,with radius 1,2,

ing
draw arc 2, terminatat pointsa and c.
From
point 9, on the
lar
same
line,draw simi-

19.

terminating at points
e

No.

PLANS.

HORTICULTURAL

and to breathe a fresh atmoanxious for a holiday

sphere,
1 took a short ride in the train from Lnton to Bedford,
hoping
to be cheered np by what I saw, and, what are alwaysso exhilirating
to
the shakingsby the hand
and the friendly
of old and
me,
greetings
friends. On all these pointsthe Bedford Show proved to
respected
me
to be a red-letterday,to be indelibly
marked in my recollection.

SHOW."

July

20th.

course, depended on the fine day, for,with plenty

fell on
that day ; so that
of rain before and plentyafterwards,none
their
for staying
the ladies had no
reason
away for fear of spoiling
at
entered the horticultural j^rounds
beautifnl dresses.
I had no sooner
A

good deal, of

than I thought
show had openedhours before
the agricultural
must be to have allentriesarranged,
how very clever the Bedford people
noon

"

"

JOUENAIi

72

HOETICULTUEE

OF

[ July 27, 1871.

GAEDENEB.

COTTAGE

AND

There were
fine
some
well worth going a journeyto see.
were
judged,and the prizesawarded before the great expecting
"staged,
with a small girth,
but
tbe hour was
Cucumbers, one brace long and symmetrical,
publicwere admitted ; but I found that even for them
name
was
no
appended.
bad to be done in crowds.
of tbe judging
and some
too earlj,
if
has
to
I
that
one
As
to
of
hint
provide
lords
creation
the
a
may
say
gardeners,
young
were,
Then, again,I thoughtbow powerless
he must make
the first speciality,
of Punch, to
for a largeestablishment,
vegetables
even
helpedby all tbe batonning,and banter,and sarcasm
refinement
must eat to live,
we
I have
and fruit the second,for after all our
dress.
change in one iota the line or the dimensions of a lady's
the masses
the
will
have
ever
and
thus
what
satisfies
made
way
roadappetite
that
a
among
notions of the swelled-out ballooning
iad my own
the eye.
lady; of the dangerto your own limbs,if strongerclaims than that which merely gratifies
necessary for a single
few
of
for
of
bunches
petition,
comthe exception
With
a
good
Grapes
from the rubs and thumps from iron hoops ;
jou courted propinquity,
conlinedto Raspberries,
Gooseberries,
of
the fruit was
chiefly
involved in having the bottoms
than waste
and of the worse

tables

dresses

long as

so

to mate

the work

of the scavenger

unnecessary

in

"clearing
pathwaysfrom filth and dust,as if it were the very heightof
But to
to turn the slsirtof a dress into a sweepingbroom.
perfection
some
hermit as I, here were
the astonishment of such a comparative
thousands of beautifully
d5esEedladies,the width of whose garments
the
line
from
exceed
would
a perpendicular
dropped
at the base
hardly

I noticed only two small dishes of Strawberries. True,

and Currants.
the table was
gracedwith fine Grapes,Melons, and Pines from Mr.
ing
and Mr. Manning, but these were
of
merelyfor lookWoburn,
McKay,
the fine gardens
at before goingto grace the dinner-table. With
here.
for
extension
is
there
round Bedford
greatroom
more
distinguishedfor quality
The
oi-namental departmentwas

and
quantity,

as
shoulder, and, what is more, tbe most comely of these dresses were
inches above the ground level as to show a prettyfoot and anldo.
many
these
at
will,
to
The wondrous
seems
things
regulate
goddessFashion
is rare
and when invention
just repeats the past. I have a strong
recollection of having seen
justsuch dresses many years ago. An old
friend of mine, long gone to bis rest, used to say that his home-spun,
iome-weaved
wedding coat,which lasted bis lifetime for Sundays and

than

bad
then unknown
for shoddy was
at last
littlethe worse
the very pinkof cut and fashion Tastes in gardening
of hoopall the excess
With
ing
in the same
matters change much
way.
walk with comfort
a little of it was
very good,as it enabled a lady to

the handle

seemed

"

"

been three times

and

that
We
often surprised
are
them
of skirts,
holding
bundling-up
impedesthe free use of feet and

ease.

that every
that

it is not
up
bands
"

seen,
thoroughly

anything and

thing
every-

here

reignedsupreme
foliage

fine

over

the

merely

fine cut Roses, well-arranged

True, there were
bright in flowers.
bouquets,baskets of flowers,ond floralstands for the table,which I
of which
for the crowds round them, and the judging
could scarcely
see
when I am concerned,I always desire to escape from, and to give
I think, too, in the country,and especiof ladies.
ally
up to a committee
flowers should be real,and
the stems of these hand
in summer,
not

make-up of wires and sticks. With

so

much

of the

? A little dustingand
flowers at once
artificial,
why not have artificial
washing would make them always fresh,and the perfumemost desired
is a danger that we
be supplied.There
forget the
could at once
a
was
natural too much in wooing the artificial.One greatspeciality
number

of baskets

of wild

flowers

and

grasses, made

up, I presume,

by young ladies,who each, no doubt,thought she ought to have the

one"prizeof a sewing machine.
Pitythe judgeswho were compelled
of motion, and thus lessens
far interferes with ease
and gracefulness
More
interest would have been
and fix on merelyone.
to pass so many
"the attractionsof the sweetest llowers of earth.
in
if there had been more
diversity
attached to this attractivefeature,
Though Agricultureand Horticulture are such twin sistersthat they the
and if
separate,
arrangement, if each kind had been kept more
for
have had
reasons
to go hand in hand with each other, we
"ought
nomenclature.
there had been even
an
attempt at
coming to the conclusion that it was. not advisable for them to have
In mixed
collectionsof plantsMessrs. Wood " Ingram stood first.
time ; tbe greaterinterest was so apt
their greatfete daysat tbe same
for
the Huntingdon Nurseries to be distinguished
I bad long known
There
seemed no room
attractiveone.
to overshadow the less if more
fruit trees,ornamental tree
shrubs,florists' flowers,and small glass
ior such a surmise
I know nothing of the arrangements
at Bedford.
but the
of small plants,
immense
turned
out
houses
that
quantities
fence
"ibetweenthe sister Societies and saw no schedules, but a mere
exhibited showed there must have been greatprogress
size of the plants
the show groundsof the one from the other,and
and wicket separated
the nursery years ago.
Among their
in glasshouses, "c., since I saw
whatever
and
at
that of itselfwas
show-ground
you
a greatadvantage ;
dense bush of Croton
piclum ; a beautiful glossyhuge
a
were
plants
trouble
and to save
entered you passedinto the other at half price,
australasica with fronds fullyd feet in
green plant of Neottopteris
told that both
to the other. I was
there were
no
returns from
one
11 inches in width ; a very fine plantof Cibotium Sehiedei,
the length,and
and however
satisfiedwith the number of visitors,
Societieswere
and wide in proportion
than 6 feet in lengtii
with fronds more
; a fine
preponderance
agricultural
might have been visited in the forenoon, tbe gi*eat
; a huge
plant, with large round foliage,of Verschafl'eltiasplendida
in the
of numbers
seemed to be in tbe horticulturaldepartment
"with
fine
of
Croton
a
bright
shrub
variegatum
plant
;
-afternoon.
Tbe show of fine stock and of the newest and best implements healthy bush Draoa-na
of
australis; a large plantwith fine foliage
green leaves of
in the agricultural
department was veiy attractive.
gatum,
Phormium
of
tenox varie; a good specimen
Theopbrastaimperialis
had been made on the
In the horticulturaldepartment
buds
preparations
with
swelling
a
good
plant
fiower-stalk
;
showing a high
almost suftimost extensive scale in tbe shape of tents and marquees,
Dractenas,includingthe white and
of Croton
; more
augustifolium
"oientfor a metropolitan
with a noble specimenof
gathering. If a drenchingrain had suddenly yellow-edged
Regina; finithing
gieenliavtd
have been prized! In judgingfrom
come, how the spare space would
Dicksonia antarctica.
the
lovers
of
the quality
exhibited,I should hope that in future
at Colworth Hall, took tbe second place
Mr. D. McKellar, gardener
will also be gratified.Tbe show of vegetablesfrom cottagers for a more
"quantity
mixed
collection containingtbe good old Rush like plant
tbe case
in this and
and gentlemen's
er!
garoeners
was, as is generally
Russellia juncea,Cissus discolor,Cbamra-ops hnmilis,Hibiscns Coopof
Albert Victor as a pyramid,a
counties,
neighbouring
vei-y fine,well worthytbe appellations good,
with finelymottled foliage,Cokus
seemed to be, where all was good,
Croton
well
Abetter,
best,and tbe onlydifficulty
fncbsioides
bloomed,
very tall standard Fuchsia, Bcgnnia
if they bad been
shown
as
to find tbe best.
Kidney Potatoes were
variegatum,and a huge plantof Musa Eusete which must have required
in size and shapewere
cast in a mould, so uniform
they; a waggon to bring it,and would have needed a tent on purpose high
previously
in

walking,justso

"and in Hounds

without

the

prizeswere

showingthe

thing in

length to

indentation
make

them

awarded to beatitiful flatfish Potatoes,

enough to show it off.
of an eye, and only wanting tbe least
Just to show what could be done in vei7 little houses and
in every feature and look a Eidney.

in very

at Bedford,
tbe well-knowu
nurseryman
Sbe|ipard,
pact,
comwho had bands and head full enoughfor one day, had beautiful,
given. No
a round
Potato,and
of such
table
the
best
decoration,
fit
for
specimens,
yet perfect
sunk
real round
Potato with eyes much
would have had the least
Ixora crocata, Sanchczia nobilisvarieof
fine
A
brightvariety
"chance with these flatfishsymmetrical
tubers, which are in realityplants.
Ficus elastica,Dicksonia
from Ecuador, with wbite-striped
leaves,
than round.
Until a clearer definition be given, gata
more
kidney-shaped
Clerodeudron
Balfonrii,
nidus,Eurya latifolia,
Neottopteris
antarctica,
the greatbulk of"good round Potatoes that show much of an eye have
AUamanda
CalaPleris
ncriifolia,
Paudanus
cretica,
elegantissimns,
chance at an exhibition table. I should be inclined to take tbe
no
little
Many
dium
Chantini, and a pretty
plantof Pandanus jiivanictis.
in its natural sense, and
word "round"
applyit to a Potato where
for
tbe
room
largo specimensbut
at
required
would be frightened
the longest
as
length
and shortest diameter were
nearly of the same
take courage and find space enough for such compact little specimens
two greatgardeners, might
I listened to a discussion between
"as possible.
Mr. Sheppard,
a mixed collection,
chiefly
as the above.
among
in relationto the Early Rose Potato,
each an authority
such subjects,
on
with
white
of
shrub
little
nice
exhibited
of hardy Ferns,
a
corymbs^
skin.
One
a bufl'-coloured
a longKidney,with eyes rather deep, and
that seemed as ifitwould like
called,I think,Sweetia caffra,
I heard

some

ladies and

gentlemen askingeach other

I heard
answer
no
satisfactory

what

tuted
consti-

little room,

Mr.

tbe earliest flowers,

stated that,for earlyforcing,
with him itbeat by a fortnight
intermediate house.
an
varieties of Ash-leaved, Handsworth, "o., and turned out as mealy
in potsconsisted
Besides what I have noticed,the bulk of the plants
other contended that in such dripping
"as a flour-ball. The
seasDH,sas
Owing to the pressure I could not
this,out of doors this vaunted sort was onlyfitfor cattle. Both agreed of Fei-ns,Motses, and Colons.
nice plants;
who
exhibitors
showed
different
the
of
catch
tbe
names
be
it was very prolific.
More
information would
desirable,
especially
Ensete,
not afraid to bring tbe Musa
was
but Mr. McKellar, who
one
to all who have but little room
was
to try improvedsorts. There
thus
fiom
Ferns
Colworth,
to dread bringinghuge
the Potatoes,none
had less reason
and especially
"drawback as respectstbe vegetables,
of a
has
the
For
name
memory
first.
instonce,
escaped
my
in
t
hat
this
a
were
direction,
standing
named, and I heard many
inquiries
of head ,'^feet across
gibba,
; a Lomaria
bitors fine Fern with a diameter
have satisfied. Societiesand exhicard would
at once
legibly-written
fine dense
a
for improvementand
with a prettyhead, 5 feet iu height and G feet across;
should bear in mind that visitors come
with a diameter of head of 6 feet ;
of
Peas
Some
instruction as well as pleasure
Gymungrammacbrysophvlla
were
now
and sightseeing.
plant
8 feet G inches ;
trapozoides,
formosum, 8 feet ; Adiantum
The onlyvegetablean Adiantum
to me, but I could not ascertain what
theywere.
Bird's-nest Fern, Neottopterisuidns,
I noticed named
was
a
large basket of fine specimensof Laxton's and a noble specimenof the
loaves
of average-sized
Supreme Pea, not for competition,
broughtby Mr. Manning, of Tin- close on 9 feet in dinmeter of head, length
and width of each across, 11 inches. Then among hardyFerns
gether, 5 feet,
Taken altonot from the garden,but his own
freehold farm.
grith,
feet
the
2}
common
of
Polypodium,
cambricum
the
variety
whether in separate dishes or collectionsin baskets,the vege- there were

74

JOUKNAL

OP

HOETICULTUEE

it is usual

to trap them
in tobaooo-pipe
heads placed on the
ever,
tops of the sticks which support the plants; the bowls,howmust
be new, for if they have been smoked
the smell of
the tobacco will prevent the earwigs'entrance, and defeat the
Pinks
which
have
been latelyplanted out
object in view.
be watered,and, if possible,
must
shaded
with an
awning of
calico ; remove
decayed petals from those flowers in which
there is an
of
seed.
the
As
of
Pansies
seed-pods
appearance
ripen they should be gathered and dried in a shady place.
Take
at all times
care
to save
seed only from
flowers of
good form and stout petals. Tulips may now have the outside
skins removed
; very small offsets will be as well in the ground,
and a bed of fine and suitable soil should be prepared for their
reception. Florists would do well to pay more
attention to
these offsets by well and clean growing whatever trouble they
;
bestow will be amply repaidby the fine blossoms which their
maiden
roots will produce.
well-grown

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

[ Jaly 27, 1871.

their beauty is

over, in order to allow of their growth being

ripened before the dull cloudy days of November
though
Alset in
shading Orchids must
be promptly and carefully
now
attended to, allow them as much
lightas they will bear without
injury,using a very lightscreen, and only when absolutely
clear of insects and duat, by frequent
necessary. Keep the foliage
or
W. Keahe.
sjringings
spongings as may be necessary.
"

DOINGS

OF

THE

KITCHEN

As it is
wheeled
a

LAST

WEEK.

GARDEN.

hardlypossibleto

have too much

of a good thing,we
lot of half-rotten dung and leaves on a Strawberry
quarter, from which we had gathered all that was worth waiting
for, and then trenched dung and Strawberry plantsdown preparatory
to

plantingstrong plantsof Broccoli.

If we had been
and had not wished to get the dung out
have
the
period,many plants which are commonly considered
sight,
as
dispensed with the manure,
of the stove or greenhouse the whole
as inmates
Strawberryplants, and the rich surfaoingsthey had several
year round
would
be much
times received,
would
have been a good preparation for the
benefited by a thorough exposure
to the
elements.
It may, however, be observed that no exotic plants Broccoli.
The
store
of nutriment
trenched
down
will,bowshould be subjectedto this process, but those which have made
tell on the present and succeedingcrops for some
ever,
years,
the deeper-placed
a
new
as
it is
manure
will become
growth previouslyin-doors. It must be remembered
as
very sweet
also that an unclouded
time
after time nearer
the surface. Bat for thus at once
July sky is a very different thing to the brought
of
the
massive
flickeringshade produced by the rafters and stylesof a hotdisposing
should
in
house
plants,we
Strawberry
many
instances
have mixed
caution is necessary for a week or so at
the manure
roof, and some
more
regularlythrough the
first in turning out plants of this kind.
The
practiceis to stapleof the soil. There are even
cases, such as making frefh
where
inclined to do
place them in a northern aspect for a few days ; theythus bewe
are
come beds or quarters of Strawberries,
both ; place some
is necessary
graduallyinured to sunshine,and all "that
manuring material at the bottom of the
this
after
is to put them
in a situation sheltered from
trench, to entice the roots to go downwards, and mix manure
the
under what is termed
winds, but by no means
the shelter of also with the generalstaple,that manure
composed
debeing of a more
trees. As to the selection of kinds,I shall,of course, pass by
character,to encourage
earlyand rapid growth.
those which
In the case of Broccili and Greens to stand the winter, profrom the very hottest regions of the globe,
come
vided
and suggest that all gross climbers and plantsof elongatedand
the top spit is fair for porosityand richness,we
have
noted that the plantson the whole do better when
rambling habit be subjected
to this process for a month
or
so.
frequently
To carry out and do justiceto such a plan, some
the most
of the rather fresh manuring matter
is placed at a
thin screen
should
be provided to throw
The plantsthus grow
the plants in very bright considerable distance from the surface.
over
weather.
Without
before
the
stead
institutionally
sufficiently
this,although the plants may not be conwinter,but they are kept compact
of flabby,
and thus pass through the frost and changes of
become
difooloured in the
damaged, tljey
so
may
leaf as to be a blemish instead of an ornament
winter more
when
housed.
easilythan if the growth had been more
luxuriant;
Another
matter must
be considered
the leaf and then,as the warm
not only may
days of springcome
a
on, the roots make
but the roots, especially
suffer,
those of a hair-like character.
regular network in the rich food at the bottom of the trench,
The remedy is placingthe pot inside an empty one, which will and it seems
almost
impossible to cut and gather too much
the plants. Even
act as
from
a non-conductor,or
the
of July, we
plunging the plants. When
now, past the middle
latter plan is adopted some
could gather crisp little shoots of the Asparagus Kale, and
extra precautionsshould be takpn
but
for
earthworm.
of
other
Some
having
against the common
of the larger speciw
e
plenty
vegetables, might have left
mens
in the conservatoryand mixed
come the Scotch CabbagingKale in order to out young shoots from
begreenhouse will soon
GKEENHOUSE

AND

CONSERVATORY.

At this

at all short of manure,

of

we

could

"

made
so
as
to it,only we sadly wanted their room.
These littleshoots are not so attractive to the cook as fine
well attended
to in
but for delicacyand sweetregard to timely shifting,watering,"o.
If such a course
be
Cabbages and huge Cauliflowers,
ness
followed up good specimens will always be at hand to fillup
know
we
nothing in the green vegetableway to surpass
blanks occasioned by decliningstock.
rich
Let young rooted Pelarboiled
soft
much
goniums them, as when
are
as
as
so
nicely
they
be potted-off
We
in due time ; and protected
would
here repeat the caution given in the
Cinerarias, marrow.
too, whether
spring,when most of us had the mortification to see our fine
tion;
seedlingsor suckers,should hHve regularattenthose intended for autumn
BrocooJis less or more
work should be potted without
departing,do what we could to pave
further delay. The forward
them ; and that is,that all with limited room
in their kitchen
Acbimenes
will have
duced
proabundance of suckers ; these taken off,and encouraged garden should give the most of the space they can command
to
in a propagatingframe, will produce a
Brussels
and
Scotch
Kale.
all very well,
late
pagation
Proare
Sprouts
Savoys
display.
very
of all kinds should now
and largeheads are
fine fill-dishes for a family,and the little
be a weekly business ; rooted
Ulm
cuttingsshould be potted-offbetimes.
Now
that many
of the
Savoy is as sweet as a tender Cabbage, but tbey are, in
Camellias,Azaleas, and other plants have been removed
to
general not so delicate to eat, nor so much to be depended on
their summer
situations out of doors,paintingor other repairs through the winter,as the Brussels Sprouts and Scotch K'lle.
On the whole, we
requiredfor any of the plant houses will be more
preferthe old fair-sized Brussels Sprouts
conveniently
done than at any other season.
Where
seed or
houses
of the new
rieties,
vaare
imported seed to most
painted from home
often to keep the paint always good, which
each of which
has some
sufficiently
is the
distinguishing
property of its
in the end, there will be no
We
have grown
own.
of them, and have fallen back
most
cheapest method
in
diffienlty
ohieflvon the older kind, jnstas we have done in the case of
gettingthe wood dry : but where the wood is allowed to become
the Vegetable Marrow.
For richness
and delicacy the old
nearly bare before repainting is thought of, the house should
be kept dry inside,covering the outside with some
waterproof oblong plainvarietyis stillby far the best. Where the climate
material in the case
and
is
of showers,
not very bad
of
the tall Scotch Borecole yieldsquantities
allowing a fortnightof
the dwarf
bright drying weather to thoroughly
dry the wood before the side shoots. In small placeswhere less is requireil,
work is commenced.
Scotch
Cabbaging Kale is most desirable, as the little side

exhausted,and

secure

reserve

preparationshaving been

stock, this should

be

STOVE.

It there

sicklyor badly-rooted
specimens here they must
be frequentlyexamined
for red spider,otherwise they will become
a nursery
for this pest, from which it will soon
spread to
adjoiningplants. See thit young growing stock is not allowed
to suffer from want of pot-room, and attend carefully
to watering,
wter to all plants in free growth that enjoy
givingmanure
it. Gardenias,"a.,whcb
have been removed
to the conservatory
while in bloom should be replacedin heat as soon
as
are

shoots have a tendency to turn in somewhat

Cabbage fashion.
Veitoh's Divarf is also very good, hardy, and beautifully
curled.
We like these even
better than the Cottagers' Kale, which is a
frosts wo find the above Scotch
coarser
vegetable,and in severe
Carlies stand as well. The Cottagers'
Kale, if strong, yieldsa
profusionof gatheringsin the springmonths.
Where
there is room
would advise all readers to
we
for a row
head it makes
appropriateit to the Asparagus Kale. The mere
is of littlecouseqaenoe
comparatively; the great attraction is

OF

JOUENAL

July 27, 1871. ]

HOETIOULTUKE

AND

75

GAKDENEK.

COTTAGE

the multitucle of shoots it throws out after the head has been
vegetablefood. Bold as he was, he had been so much criticised
that some
of his utterances, that he heartilywished
removed, and these, taken clean off when from 3 inches to for some
4 inches in length,are in reality
a
good sweet substitute for one with authorityto teach his advice would impress on young
the shoots of Asparagus. The
gatheringsfrom a row of good gardeners,who were likelyto spend the most of their lives in a
in choosing a partner for life to get a
in proplantsare astonishing. All these plantsproduce more
portiongarden,to endeavour
ing,
to the earliness of entting-ofithe head
of the plant. helpmate who alreadyknew, or who would not be above learnhow to cook vegetablesso as to presentthem at table most
We
think that the heads of these Kiles are
tender after
more
the head
when
tempting to the appetite,most healthful as food, and most
they have had a touch of frost and sometimes
;

Sprout is removed, it is advisable to leave the

larger leaves at its base, as a little protectionto the small
shoots,or sprouts, on the stem of the plant. Every largeleaf
left near
is so far
the top arrests free radiation,
and, therefore,
defence from
a
frosts. The
head, too, of a Brussels
severe
Sprout has a flavour all its own, quitedifferent from the sweet
littleknobs along the stem, and altogether
superiorto a young
As the frost last
Savoy, which it rather c'oselyresembles.
winter cut-up so many
of our
glad
Cabbage plants,we were
to keep the greens named
above much
longerthan usual,and,
ness.
therefore,we had a good opportunityof testingtheir usefulIn cuttingthe heads of Brussels Sprouts at all early,it
is well to daub the out part with clay and lime to prevent the
stem cracking,as the wet and frost would tell on the stem.
of

Brussels

There

is

north,that

one

to which

use

the

Scotch

Kales

are

put in the

The seed is sown

adopted in the south.
late in the autumn, the plantsare turned out in spring,as we
do with springCabbages, and if the sewage from the cottage is
and then as they
given to them they grow with great rapidity,
the name
of
grow the larger leaves are cut in two, and under
"
into
small pieces,and along with
stewiugg,"are cut again
dressed barley,a littleoatmeal and water, and what littlebit of
meat
a
be obtained, form in many
a
can
cottage, and even
Such
tradesman's home, the chief dish at the midday meal.
"
a dish
Kail
is a far different and very superioraffair to the
brose," so celebrated in Scottish song. That altogetherwas
a
and
fit
for
men
emerging
only
very rough primitiveget-up,
from
semi-barbarism,or for men, if at all refined,
yet seized
with a sort of monomania
the
existence on
to keep-up mere
hardest

is seldom

and

most

economical

of term-i.

Even

in London
we
dialect,which

have

heard Englishmen, despitethe northern

they could not quitemaster, singing about the

brose," with

as

enthusiasm

much

as

"

Scottish Kail

if before

them

there

pleasingto the eye. Tes, the doing such a simple thing as the
sending nice, soft,sweet, green Peas to table is a matter worthy
vances
No doubt our
sisters have made
of consideration.
great adsince Mr. Loudon
in the zenith of his fame, but
was
for improvement, and
we
fear there is great room
even
now
that,too, in large as well as small establishments ; and the
is justthis,that it
one
practicaldeduction we wish to make
be a good thing if some
to give us short,
lady were
simple,but minute directions as to the cooking of our common
vegetablesin the best and most economical way.
have to record a little disappointment.
Cauliflowers.We
Our second lot
did better.
Our hand-lightCauliflowers never
seemed
equallypromising, and had only the fault of forming
the heads too much
time.
at a
However, they had every appearance
of proving of first-rate quality. We had watered them
would

"

with sewage

before the rains

came.

The

somewhat

continuous

drenching rains seemed to have changed them ; instead of the

wish to see them,
heads keeping in a close compact mass
as
we
like the
they began to open, and shoot,and spread. We never
the
idea of even
the denizens
of
servants' hall,if possible,
but
one
a
the
chance
of
of
thing,
goodly
having
tiring
any
portionof these fine Cauliflowers had to go there,as the heads
The person
who
too open
for the dining-room table.
were
could speak with most
sumption
conauthoritytold us that for mere
nothing could be better,they were so sweet, tender,
As it was
we
and soft. This we found to be quite correct.
still enough of comsuffered no
pact
inconvenience,as there were
inclined to think that the
We
are
with.
the chief cause
of this spreading,and the
could not foretell might
rich sewage before the rains which
we
readers met
also be a predisposingcause.
Have
any of our
able to trace it to a
been
with similar results ? Have
they
similar or to any different cause
?
Our next successions as yet
heads

extra

to go

on

drenching was

these opening
to be all safe and
seem
promising. Of course
beef,and a rich plum pudding ; but we
much
and spreadingheads were
of little value, except for immediate
feared that if,even
when
a little hungry, a dish of the
*"
How
Kdil brose " were
use, in comparison with the firm,compact, white heads.
put before them, it would soon have damped
make
of preventingthis opening and
the fervour of their singing.
can
we
spreading?
sure
considerable
extent
in
to
It
often
takes
a
dripping rainy
place
CookingVegetables. "We have several times touched on this
and
Our opinion is, that less nourishment
more
autumns.
subject,and only touched upon it because it is not in our
to the plantswould have modified this tendency,but then
boasted progress, in general room
peouliarprovince. With all our
could not know
of these heavy downpours of rain.
we
we
the most
of what is within
are
poor cooks,and do not make
our
reach.
Meat
is often underdone
or
Celery. Planted out the last,or nearlythe last,of onr plants.
overdone, and thus
For
wonder
with us, the earliest beds, except where planted
a
the
vegetables!
deprivedof its nourishing properties
; but
waterings. The rains have
At
out, have as yet received no more
good enough for them in too many cases.
Anythingseems
We have had comparativelylittle
been ample for the purpose.
market
and public dinners
this is stillvery observable.
We
have seen
Cabbages and Sivoys that could have done little to do with the water cart, but as a counterbalance the grass
than passed through scaldingwater; they were
more
hard
as
lawn, and especiallythat which was fresh laid,has required
out
as so many
piecesof chips of wood, and would have been better great attention. It would hardly pass muster three days withit.
the machine
in their raw
even
or scythegoing over
state,for then they would have shown a little
TEUIT
about
them.
On
the
Peas
GAEDEN.
once
with
a
dning
gardener,
green
the table (Jeye's
on
plus ultras," With regardto summer-pinching, pruning, "c., see previous
were, indeed,"ne
Conqueror),
notices.
We
and did not the eyes of the mistress
of the house
proceeded with planting out the last forced
sparkleas
of the first planted out coming into bloom.
some
delicious.
Three
Strawberries,
or
everyone praised the Peas, aod theywere
four great cooks have told us that they hardly could spoilthat
We
also prepared young
plants for forcing,and for fresh
Pea iry how they might, for when
For
the
former purpose we do not thiuk that any
it wanted
little plantations.
so
young
in a small pot, and, when
and the colour kept such a rich green.
boiling,
However, the placeis better than fixingthe runner
and fiUiog the pot with roots, cuttingthe
n"xt day we
think it was, at a horticultural dinner, the same
fullyestablished,
Pea
in similar excellent condition when
gathered,became
by string,and repottingfirmlyin a largerpot,as fullyexplained
Let enthusiastic
some
and detailed a few weeks
beginners,
peouliarprocess, a hard,dirty-looking,
yellowishmess,
ago.
that no one
would do more
than taste and then leave alone.
however, clearlyunderstand, that it is on the details being
Great
troubles
will
c
arried
out
that
success
We recollect the late Mr. Loudon
when
he
depend.
carefully
tellingus that
because
in the habit of visiting
seemingly
and great disappointments often ensue,
was
often asked
largegardens,and was
deemed
of no
refreshment
at the midday meal, littlethings are
importance. We say nothing to
by the gardenerto have some
he was
of pots, but to beginnerswe
frequentlyvery much
surprised,either at the total those who force their thousands
"
to the small matters
absence of vegetables,
their rarityin the shape of a small
or
ferred
remay here repeat, Attend especially
an
dish of Potatoes,or at the very inefficient
for
Then
tations
to."
earlyreturn from fresh plangetting
way as to cooking in
forced
are
no
there
when
to
which
table
were
to
Potatoes
in
the
plants
sodden
and
brought
soft
they
open ground,
instead of dry and floury,which they would have been if profall back upon, it will often be the most economical
plan to
perly
attended to.
We
also recollect the worthy veteran
in pots, and then,having the ground in good
ring
referlayerthe runners
head gardeners that were
to the families of some
more
order, to turn the plants,well rooted, from the pots into the
delicate in their constitutions,
and thus required ground, as then you may
than ordinarily
expect a fair crop the first summer
for doctoring,and exground is scarce, and you cannot
pressing after
planting. Where
greatcare in rearingthem and expense
or
his opinion that matters, humanly speaking,might
so, then the best plan is to
spare it for a couple of months
have been very different if the children had partaken of more
turn the young
plants into a bed with rich lumpy material,

steamed

round

of

"

"

"

JOURNAL

76

OF

HOKTICULTURE

AND

COTTAGE

[ Jaly 27, 1871.

GARDENER.

Gardenees'
Examinations
the surface,pnttitigthem
there will be no
inches apart, and
6 or more
(John Jones)."V^ehclic^o
examination
summer
by the Royal Horticultnral Society this year.
the ground is ready lifting
the plants wiih balls and
GERAN1U3IS
This
is
a
of
[James
Noon).
merely
eport
foliageto 'which
plantingthem firmlyin the ground prepared for them.
are
liable.
seedling Geraniums
many
With regardto preparingground for Strawberries out of doors ;
(W.
EoTisTA
GiGANTEA
that Eovista
X)." We prcsumo you are aware
the duration of the plantation,according to the plants used,
Puff-ball" a fungus, We do not know that it has ever
gigantea is a lar^e
or the treatment
been cultivated.
given,may be fixed at from two to three,or
Weights
Pine Apples
In reply to your
of
at
During that time it is advisable that no
Nottingham
four,or more
Show."
years.
correspondent Ajucus
resptcting the weights of the Pine Apples at
ing
breakspade should interfere with the roots,and that the mere
I exhibited two
in my
ens
collection
of fruit weighing
Xottingham,
Qiv
of the surface,
to prevent caking and cracking,should be
to Lord
respectively5 lbs. 14 ozs. and 6 ibs. 1 oz." G. T. Miles, Gardener
done with the hoe or the points of a fork.
Hence
the importance
Carrington,"
the soil at once, and the importance,too,
of deep-stirring
Rose
Leaves
Diseased
sioned
(W. M.)."It is diflBcultto decide what occathe damage to the Roso leaves. I have examined
with a
them
in proportionto the length of time the plantationis to continue,
under glass. I
glass,and can
see
no
occurs
fungus spores. It never
of having some
at the bottom of the trench,and
manure
believe it was
occasioned by a severe
frost which we had a few days ago ;
also of having manure
incorporatedwith the bulk of the soil. or it may be attributed to atmospheric causes.
There
is no
for it.
cure
The plan we
like best is to placea layerof manure
The
leaves will drop. Glass is the only sure
not much
preventive. W. F. RabCLTFFE,
decomposed on the surface,and trench that down, the greater
Maeechal
Kiel Roses
Flotveeing
not
(T.E. C.)."There is,we fear,
Then when the piece
being at the bottom.
part of the manure
Niel bloom.
no
Marechal
Leave all strong shoots
royal road to make
is thus trenched,to place a layerof eweet decomposed hotbed
planted
If one
of the standards coi^ld l"e transunpruned, and thin out the weak.
or other dung, and with
and trained against a south wall itwould bo almost sure
spade or fork to incorporatethat with
to bloom
the firstyear after transplanting.
the soil for a spit in depth,so as to givevigour to the young
Roses Mildewed
(Lady Ein")).~Youv Rose leaf has been attacked by
plantsat once.
mildew, often caused by drought at the root. Most probably the bud was
Before turning the plants out it is well to solidify
the surface
eaten
by the earwig. The Antler Siiw-fly's
grub will also eat the margina
soil. If the soil is inclined to be Btiffi^h loam
the very
of leaves and perforate the leaves with sm:'.!!holes. W. F. Radclyffe.
soil for Strawberries then a tramp and a light roll will be
Ash
Leafing
Oak
of
the
and
(Fi7icasUe\"The popular opinion in
enough before planting; but if the ground is of a light,sandy, the midland counties is,that if the development of the leaves of the Oak
precedes that of the Ash the weather
during harvest will be fine ; but that
hardlybe made too firm before planting, the
open texture, it can
weather will be wet if the Ash-leafingprecedes that of the Oak.
The
the plants afterwards.
In either case anyor tramping round
thing rhymed form of the proverb is"
like surface-caking
be avoided by suror cracking must
face-stirring
"If the Oak's before the Ash
Then
and surface-mulching. "We have
you'llonly treta splash;
known
cases
If the Ash precedes
the Oak
where Strawberries had done littlegood in lightopen soil,
that
Then
expect a soak."
you may
bore immense
the
was
when
and
ground
consolidated,
crops
The leafing
of the Oak usually precedes that of the Ash.
the surface of the ground in spring,
where, instead of lightening
Sthiking
Chrysanthemums
Potting, Stopping, and
fPro"o)." The
trod up firmly
the rows, the point plants in 4-inch pots should be at once
to the plants between
men
placed in 9-inch pots, using a
and
compost of two parts turfy loam, one part leaf soil or old manure,
of a fork just being drawn
along afterwards to give free access
one-sixth of sharp sand. They should be stopped now
to induce
bushiness,
to water, mulching to prevent all caking and cracking.
and
of
be
but
not
second
after
the
week
August.
Cuttings
may
again,
In choosing young
plantsit will be prudent, as far as possible, of the points of the shoots put in now, and placed in a gentle heat, will
root fret'ly,
and
if not
stopped but potted in oinch or 6-inch pots, will
to take them from fruiting
fertile plants.
for late flowering.
We must leave other matters justto say a word about cutting make nice plants
Climeers
for
a Dwelling-house
(Flora). For the south aspect we
the leaves from Strawherry
plantswhen they have done bearing. would have Clolh of Gold, L'lmarque. Climbing Dovoniensis, Gloire de Dijon,
Some practisethe cuttingsystem, others stigmatiseit as horrible
anrJ Marechal
Niel Rnses ; Berberidopsi3 corallina,Wistaria chinensis,
Lardizabala biternata,Passiflora
grandiflomni, Magnolia
and barbarous.
ing
crerulea,Jafmioum
Now, each plan may be the better accordC. Veitcbianus,
grandifiora(Esmouth variety),Ceanothus
azureus,
For instance,in good loamy soils,
where
to circumstances.
Punica Granatum, and its double
red and double
yellow variuties,or you
the plantsgrow strongbut dwarf and compact, and the leaves
may omit the last two. Plant 4 feet upart for bo high a wall (30 feet).For
continue
prettyfair as to greenness, the mowing or cuttingoff the east wall, you may have Ari^tolochia Sipho, Cjdonia japonica,
Japanese Honeysuckle, Clematis Jackmanni, O. Fortunei, C. Standishi ;
The chief
such foliagewould not be advisable or defensible.
Crataegus Pyracaotha, CotoDenster
micr"iphylla,and Cydonia japonica
would
be to clean the plantsof runners,
thing in such cases
alba. On the north aspect Ivies are most suitable,the Irish and Ka^gner's
and mulch, and let well alone.
Even
in
clean,surface-stir,
are
good. We would plant Virginian Creeper (Ampelopsis hederacea)^
lightland,but consolidated and mulched, there would not be alternatelywith the Ivy at 3 leet apart to insure the speedy covering of the
near

when

"

*'

'

'

"

"

"

"

"

much
than the above in cleaning,"c. ;
necessityfor doing more
and where, though we may mulcb,
but in very lightsandy soil,
either have not or cannot consolidate the soil to suit the
we
Strawberry,it may often be the best plan to cut the leaves,or
the greaterpart of them, leaving only the small ones
the
near
heart untouched.
We have seen the leaves under such circumstances
with nearly double the length of footstalk they would
have in stiffersoil,
and by the time the fruit was
gatheredthe
would
often be gettingbrown and spotted,
and therefore
foliage
could do little in the way of perfectingthe buds for a future
Under
such circumstances
in July,or even
to the first
year.
week of August, we would not hesitate to remove
such exhausted
the ground,
leaves,and encourage fresh ones to spread out near
and
thus perfectbuds and encourage
free rooting. In good
soil
would
and
no
remove
a spade
we
never
loamy
leaves,
ubo
R. F,
between the rows.
"

TO

CORRESPONDENTS.

will write privately

to any of the
no
one
Journal of Horticulture,
of the
correspondents
Cottage
Gardener, and Coxmtry Gentleman."
By doing so they
trouble
and
to
All
are
subjected unjustifiable
expense.

"** We

requestthat

*'

communications
should therefore be addressed solely to
The Editors of the Journal of Horticulture j c^c.^17 1^Fleet
We

Street,
London^ E.C.
will not mix up on the same
requestthat correspondents
to Gardeningand those on Poultry
sheet questionsrelating
and Bee subjects,
if they expect to p;et them
answered
promptly and conveniently,but write them on separate

also

communications.

three questionsat

Also

never

to send

more

than

two

or

once.

wall.
Peach

Stones
not
Vegetating
(T. G.). Yon will not fAcilitatetheir
vegetation by grinding the edges of the btones, but you can cltanse them
in February plant singly in pots at
and place them in snnd at once, and
Cover
about an inch apart in light loam.
them about an inch deep, and
the stones
in October in pans,
sow
place them in a hotbed ; or you may
in
from
them
cool
house
free
a
keeping
frost,in February place them in a
them to a cool house.
hotbed, and when well up remove
Treatment
sativa
variegata
Ananassa
(IF. G. C.). It is a stove
to February wunld
succeed in a temperature of
plant, and from October
The minimum
50"; during that period keep it dry at the roots.
ture
temperashould bo 50"'in March, 60''in April,and 05"^in May, and 65^^'should
be the minimum
to
when
the
fall 5" per
temperature
September,
may
up
month
A temperature of 40*^ will not injure the
until 50" be reached.
factorily
satisplant,but is not desirable. We question whether it can be grown
We
have
knoivn
in a vinery with a
in a greenhouse.
it grown
40"^ to 45",the Vines
winter night temperature of from
being started in
February, and from March there is no material diffcronco in the temperature
of a stove and vinery.
Peach
Tree
Heading-back
(A Learner).~-You will not gain anything
by cutting back the tree which is blighted and has its shoots at the top of
shoots at the base ; then by all means
the wall,unless there are
young
cut away
any long bare branches; it not, defer heading-back until next
February.
Melon
Leaves
Withering
(C.H.)."We hardlythink your plants are
infested with red spider,nor
by thrips. If you had had an attack of those
unless remedial measures
had
peets the plants would not have recovered
been
adopted. Send us a leaf and we shall probably be able to give you
"

"

some

information.

a
Climbers
Shady
Wall
for
Evergreen
Conserfatory
(ii.P.),
do so well nor
For the situation nothing would
look so neat ns the smallthe following are
leaved Ivies,of which
Helix digitata,
pood: Hedera
Donerailensis, and lobata with green
leaves; and marginata CuUisi,
in pots, but
elegantissima, and palmata aurea.
They could bo grown
On the other wall on
which the sun
strikes alter
best planted out.
are
not do.
Niel
Wo advise
Rose would
twelve o'clock,we fear Marechal
lias.
Habrothamnus
fasciculatus,H. elognns,Luculia gratissimn,and Camelsnccoed
in
There is nothing botttr than CMmelliMS.
They would
boxes, but best planted out. The plants may be obtained of any of the
principalnurserymen.
Lady
Downe's
Grapes
Mildewed
(J".
5.). They are affected with
mildew.
Probably the atmosphere of the boase is too cool,too moist,
and
The berries sent are past cure.
The
not "u"Qciently
ventilated.
"

"

"

Books
f-4n6a)."Loudon's
of that will suit yon.

"Villa Gardener"

is the only book

we

know

We must add,
is not at work.

heat, and better ventilation.

remedies
are
eulplaur,more
not Bare
other caaae
whether
some
however, that wo
are
Are the roots too deep, and in a cool,moist border ?
Warted
Vine Leaves
(K. S.). Your conjecture is
moisture
than the leaves
Vines have taken up more
remedy you suggest will no doubt prove effectual.
"

correct

The

one.

digest. The

can

has

"

Black
Tripoli
Gkape
{Tdevj)."T'beWelbeck Black Tripoliis the same
the Frankenthal, Victoria
It has
Hamburgh, or Pope's Hamburgh.
roundish ova' very large berries,with juicy,vinous, rich flesh,and is the
most useful Grape in cultivation,
conditions
succeeding under the same
as the Black
Hamburgh.
as

Destroying
Rose Aphis
(R. TF.)." Boil J lb. quassia in
water
to the
for ten minutes, strain, and add
water
brush.
This will be far more
a painter'ssmall
soot water.

callon of soft

soft
I'flb.

Apply with

soap.

effectual than

Names
of
Plants
(Lantana)," There is littledoubt that the plant to
which
of *' Umbrella
the name
you refer under
Fern," is the Dipteris
Horsfieldii of Robeit Brown, a truly nnble Fero, which inhabits the South
Sea Islands,and which, strangelyenough, occurs
also in Malacca
and the
have
Malay Archipelago
We
no
knowlndge whatever
respecting the
stated introduction of tbe plant,but only hope in case of such an event,
"that the plant will become
in our
firmly established
gardens. The plant
is,like most other Ferns, possessed of a pluralitvof names,
that of Polypodium Dipte"-ig
(ofBlumet. beinc; the one adopted in Hooker and Baker's
**
Species Filicum"
(seep 3!)2),whilst Polypodium conjugatum, Dipteris
A very interesting
conjugata, and Dryuaria Horsfieldii are all synonymes.
"
note respecting this pbmt occurs
in Dr. Seemann's
Mission to Viti "
"
The hoys took us to a ravine where some
(pp.14, 15). He savs
years
Dr. Harvey, of Trinity College, Dublin, had collected a fine Fern
ago
ha'5 magnificent
J. Sm
(DipterisHorpfieldii,
), which
fan-shaped leaves,
when growing in faviuirable situations fmni S to in feet high, and 4 feet
The plant is found
in all parts of Fiji,
New
across.
Caledonia, a,nd various
other islands,and has never
been introduced
to our
gardens, nor did any
of my specimens survive bein" taken out of their native soil." (D. M ).
Melilotus officinalis,
the Melilot. (K. J.). 1, Peperomia Saundersii,
in gardens as
P. arifolia var.
usually known
im; 2, Oplismenus
argyrea
becilis variegatus (the Panicum
varietjatum of gardens) ; 3, Selaeinella
Willdenovii (S. cfesia arborea of Hardens) ; 4, Cvrtomium
falcatum ; 5,Farfugium gi'ande; 6, Betionia argyrostignoa. (Tgnoravms). 1, Ervum
hirsutum
; 4,Atriples patnla ;
; 2, Vicia sepium
; 3, Clienopodium urbicum
Acetosella.
(i]lrsSt. John). Albuca
5, Gnaphnlium uligino^um ; 6, Rumes
cannot determine
which.
species, but we
(Sithscriber).Limnanthes
in autumn.
Douglasii. It is a beaulifal spring bedding plant if sown
(A Subscriber). Cissus fiiscolor. (Rhuhirb).
Having named
six,we did
not retain the others. If you send half a dozen
will endeavour
m^re
we
"to name
decline to undertake
to keep large batches
of
them, but we
them by instalments.
specimens in order to name

77

apparent in regardto the safe keeping of valuable

by the committees of shows, aa anyone might see on

been

birds

our
publicexhibitions persons handling birds without
visiting
the slightest
interference on tbe part of the authorities. After

I met both an exhibitor and a

from which my
bird was
stolen,
that at tbe close of the show he
stated to me
birds without any interference,
and the
took away all his own
I
latter did the same
with a pair of birds he had claimed.
and
such management is stopped the better,
think the sooner
beginning to be a littlemore
only hope that exhibitors are now
interests by having matters put on a rather
alive to Iheir own
make
the profit
fair footing namely, that those who
more
should also bear the loss. James F. While, Birmingham.
late action

my

GLADOA
SEC0NDA
PaoPAGATioN
EOHEVERiA
(An Old Subscriber). It is
best raised from, seed. Draiu the pot to half its depth, then fill to the
rim with a compost of two piirtssandy loam, one
part sandy peat, and
one
part lime rubbish, covering the surface with very fine soil. Water
with silver sand
the soil,then scatter the seed on the surface,and cover
the pot in a frame with a temperature of 70",and to
very lightly.Place
from
lessen the necessity of watering shade
Keep the soil
bright sun.
just moist without making it very wet, and when the plants are fairly
afford a light airy
to a greenhouse and
above ground remove
them
position. When
tbey have two or three leaves pot off singly in small
pots. Sow in March.

GARDENER.

COTTAGE

AND

HOETICOLTURE

OF

JOURNAL

July 27, 1871. ]

at Manchester

purchaser at the very show

and the former

"

"

AM
quiteof the opinion of Mr. Hewitt, that watchful eyes
the best means
to prevent valuable birds being stolen from
poultryshows ; and as the secretaries of the various shows do
not employ enough peopleto tend the birds,I think it high time
hands.
Mr. Hewitt
for fanciers to take the matter in their own
is willingto give a reward of a guinea to the partywho, by his
the
conviction
the
to
shall
first
be
to
bring
evidence,
person
who has been latelycommitting himself; I will give the same
fanciers will do the same
thing,
amount, and I trust many more
I feel certain it is the only means
to prevent these losaes.
as
I am
to any person
also willingto give the same
amount
who
of stealingPigeons
will by his evidence convict any person
this season, or I will subscribe
from any of the forthcoming shows
the like amount
to any fund that may be formed for the
same
object.Pbank Gkaham, Birkenhead.

are

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

All fanciers and exhibitors will warmly thank Mr. Hewitt

he has taken up this subject,
and I
for the manner
in which
posal,
will placea similar amount
to that which he offers at his disin tbe hands
of any properlyappointed person, feeling
or
exhibitors
will
interest
themselves
that
other
raise
to
sure
a sufficient sum
to tempt any accomplice,not being the actual
offender,to
split" on his confederate and bring the offender
be liberally
responded
speedilyto justice. Should this movement
less,
doubtto, further stepscan soon be decided on, and will,
practices. P.
prevent a repetitionof these dishonest
Waitt, Albert Villa,Alcester Road, King's Heath, Birmingham,
"

"

"

to the reward offered by Mr.

I BEG to add my littlemite (5s.)
be called for to pay some
one
Hewitt, trusting it may soon
I believe that
for their trouble in detecting the offender.
fellow.
James Coleman,
these robberies are carried on by one
"

POULTRY,

BEE,

AND

PIGEON

CHRONICLE.

West Bromwich.

in consideration of the loss Mr. J. F. While,

A FEW
friends,
at the late Manchester
of Birmingham, sustained
Show, and
the expenses he incurred in bringingthe matter to trial,desire
EXHIBITIONS.
the
with
to present him
following subscriptions : Mr. H.
It gave me
great pleasureto see Mr. Hewitt's letter on this Yardley, Birmingham, 10s. "d. ; Mr. James Watts, Hazlewell
subjectin your Journal of July 13th. I can
support all he Hall, iOs.6d. ; Mr. W. H. Mitchell,Moaeley, 10s. M.; Mr.
bitions F. F. Foster, Birmingham, 10s. 6fZ.; " Sympathy," Birmingas
to the best interests not only of exhiespecially
ham,
says, more
but of exhibitors being interested in this matter ; for
10s. "d. ; Mr. Frank Graham, Birkenhead, 5s. ; Mr. J. T.
it such praeticeabe allowed to continue all the loss,as in my
Bradley, Birmingham, 5s.; Mr. Massey, Birmingham, 5s.;
the exhibitor,I am
convinced
that public Mr. Anderson, Birmingham, 2s. 6fi.; Mr. J. Coleman, West
case, fallingon
will
exhibitions
be
of
In
the
soon
Pigeon
things
past.
Bromwich, "1.
very
of my own
lose,and previouslyto the robbery of
consequence
Mr. Tardley'sbird, not only myself but a number
of others
UNDER
EGGS
DUCKS'
HATCHING
however, aa ardent in the fancy as ever),had determined
{still,
DIFFICULTIES.
not to exhibit again until shows were
conducted in a different
sat for
either greaterprecautions taken
and
for the safe
eleven Duck's
I PLACED
manner,
eggs under hen No. 1 ;
made
liable for their six days and then deserted them.
I found them
quitecold,
keeping o! the birds,or committees
No. 2
negligence.
but having another hen wanting to sit, I put her on.
I shall be very glad indeed to second
kind
I thought it was then a
Mr. Hewitt's
sat five days and then left her nest.
offer by myselfgiving a reward of "5 for the recovery of my
had a hen wanting to sit,
hopeless case, but one of my men
It was then noon
Black Carrier cook stolen from the late Manchester Show, and the
should try her.
; he
and proposedthat we
conviction of the thief. Sime stir seems
had
three miles to walk home,
to
be made
and
now
likely
did not leave work tillfive,
in the matter, and if it do not result in the punishment of and the eggs were
in water as hot as I could
cold. I put them
those who have alreadyoffended, it will at least do good in the
keep my hand in, for tan minutes, then placed them in a
of public exhibitions.
A little ordinary care
reform
the
left work, when I put them in a
on
cucumber
frame until the men
secretaries would
or
then taken three miles,put under
easilyprevent such
part of committees
of flannel. They were

VALUABLE

PIGEONS

STOLEN

FROM

"

she_

piece
ducklings made their appearance
practices. I would suggestaa perhaps the easiest appliedand
a hen, and eventuallynine
that
iron
bar
chain
or
a
should
W. L., Birchington.
run
flafestpreventive,
be
light
and are going on well.
along the fronts of, say, every six or twelve pena, with a padlock
This could readilybe removed
at each end.
to clean or
A meeting of poultry exhibitors was
Judging.
Poultry
feed the birds,and would
prevent any abstraction
effaotually
by unauthorised psusons. Hitherto the greatestnegligence advertised to be held at Wolverhampton during the recent
"

"

78

JOURNAL

OF

HORTICULTURE

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

[ July 37,1871.

Polands."
1 and 2, J. Beard.
ineetiDgof the Royal A grieulturalSociet.y.
We do not know wh :"
3, S. R. Harris.
Barndoor."
I,W. Bailey,Kilkhampton. 2 and 3,D. Barrable,Paize, Ponghill.
attended,except the Rev. A. G. Brooke, Mr. Wood, and Mr.
he, a H. Piockney, Barnstaple, c, A. Trewin, Kilkhampton: C. Withecombe,
Tadman.
Buckland
It was
Brewer.
them
that
a Poultry Club
ia deagreed by
sirable,
Bantams.Mies
E. How,
WoodviUe.
2, F. Cooper, Ampney
that judges are
not uniform
in their awards, and that Crncis. 3, F. GaHic."l,
W.
Halmer, Barnstaple, c, S. Veal; W. How. Woodville.
Any

theyare

not allowed

suiSoient time

to make

other

them.

Variety." \, Rev.

WESTWARD
took

committee

largeand
been made
ladies and

HO!

POULTRY

EXHIBITION.

the

20tli inst. The weather

was
6ne, and no
conld more
have deserved
success.
fairly
The tents were
commodious, and the only improvement that conld have
would
have been placing
the Pigeonsnot so
that

place on

high,so

F. Hudson.
2. Miss B. How.
S. Withbeld.
T. E. Hawkin,
Lostwilhicl (Crevc-CcEur). 2. F.
Brewer
Lostwithiel.
3, C. JIaggs, Mclkaham.
he, s. Veal, Laugtree: H.
Leworthy, Newport, Barnstaple ; E. Burton, Truro ; W. Littlejobns, PiltOD,
Barnstaple ; R. E. Holman, jun., Biaeturd.
c, W. Courtney, Barnstaple.
CocTc.
1, b. R. Hams.
2, M. Hu.\table. Wbeddon.
3, F. Brewer,
he, G. Britton,
Tawton.
c. G. W.
Wilkey ; W.Gordon,
Morchard
BisboB.
iV?"-',^^""1''''
Chiekens"l, Rev. G. F. Hodson, North Petherton.
Mrs.
M.
Hu.\table.
2,
8, 5.
Heal, Parkbam.
Ac, s. E. Hawkiu, Lostwithiel.
c, J. Long, Plvmouth.
Guinea
Fowls."
1, S. Symonu, Tawbto-k.
2, W. M. Lanca'ater. 3, G. H.
Pinckney, Barriataple.he, K. B. Molc"wortb, Bideford.
Dm:Ks."Ayttsburv."\ and 2, S. R. Harria. 3. G. M. Oliver,Dreason, Bodmin.
he, T. E. Hawkin.
Common
or
Any other Variety."I, G. Copp, Tawatock.
a and
3. J. Heal, Parkham.
Any Variety."1,Rev. G. F. Hodson
iKouenl.
2, S.
R. Higham
(Rouen). 3, J. Heal.
1 and 3, W. M. Lancaster.
Gekse."
2, W. Saunders,
(2).
c, J. Heal
Tdkkeys."
2 and S, J. Heal.
1, Mrs. A. C. Thynne.
Any

Tms

'

u.

Variety."],

other

"

children might have enjoyed a better view of them.

reallygood Grey Dorldnyscomposed the firstclass on entering
tent,but a good hen with a bad cock,or the contrary,was the
order of the day. Some
of these birds were
of great
individually
PIGEONS.
frame and good colour,bnt the selectionwas
Cabriees."
certainly
open to innch
1, H. Yardley,Bhmingbam.
2,E.Burton. te,R.B. Molesworth,
Bideford.
improvement. A few good White Dorkings in their own class were
Barbs."
1 and 2, H. Yardley. he and c, J. C. Bullen, Newport, Barastaple.
the recipients
of the prizes,
but the entry was
limited. Three extraordinarily PouTERa."
1, H. Yardley. 2, H. Porker, Taunton.
good pens of Black Spanish fowls were
Fantails." 1, H. Yardlty 2. E. A. Bazeley, Bideford.
comprisedin the
Jacobins." 1, H. Yardley. 2, J. " C. Bullen.
winningpens ; they were, perhaps,a littletoo heavyin the face, but
Trumpeters."
1, H. Yardley. 2, R- B. Molesworth.
such excellent birds for breedingstock as are
rarelymet with. Game
OoMjioN."
1, H. Yardley. 2. "W. Geary, Barnstaple.
fowls were
good, but very fast going out of condition,
Any
the hens more
OTHER
Variety."
Equal 1, H. Yardley (2). Equal 2, F. Brannd, Bideford
H.
;
Beaiord.
Cochins
Hearn,
so.
were
particularly
he, H. Gibson, Brockenhurst
tridge,
; J. " C. Bullen.
c, B.
quiteup to the average ; Bnffs,ParA. Bazeley ; J. iS c. Bullen.
and Whites
being successful in the order they are named.
Rabbits." 1 and 2, C. Leat, Tiverton. 8. T. Hodges, Bideford (Himalayan).
In the Brahmas all the three prizes
were
given to the JDark-feathered lie,J. C. Noswortby,
0.
W. H. Baker
A few
the

Barnstaple (Lop-eared);

the very best hen in the class

variety,
beingin a highly-commended Mr. Edward
mated
to a cock worse
than indifferent. The
pen, but,unfortunately,
Judge.
the
Hamhurghs,except
showed a greatimproveSilver-pencilled
ones,
ment

those shown
over
at any previous meeting in this district.
Polands were
likewise excellent.
In the Varietyclass Cnve-Cmws
stood first in a capital
second, and Black Hambnrghs
entry, Uoudans
third. In a largeclass for the best cock of any variety
or
pure breed,
a wonderfully
perfectBlack Minorca stood first,
a
Brown Eed Game
cock and White
Cochin taking the remaininghonours.
In a general
chicken class,open to any breed,a first-rate
pen of Grey Dorkings,
exhibited by the Key. G. F. Hodson, stood far
a-head,but the cockerel
in this pen lacks age materially
for present exhibition the second;
prizebirds were Brown Eed Game, and the third Dark Brsibmas.
Game
Bantams were
below par, and, with the exception ot the two
pens, one of Gold-laced and the other Nankeen
Bantams, the variety
Bantam
class was
so
indifferent that the third prize was
withheld,
being the only case of non-award
the prizelist. Oecse,Turl;cys,
on
and Guinea Folds were
all very good,and a
very completecollection
of Babbits had their admirers.
No previous
show in these parts was
ever
held at which Pigeons
formed so prominent and excellent a division,
of our most noted
one
breeders
sendingthe choicest specimens for competition
; besides

BEDFORD

AGRICULTURA.L
POULTRY

The
on

the

firstshow of
20th

Leat;

Hewitt,of Sparkbrook,near

the

SOCIETY'S

SHOW.

held
poultry

inst.,and

(2).

Birmingham, was

proved

at Bedford for many

years tookplaoo
great success; it was in connection

with the

and Horticultural
Agricultural
Society.The attendance was
and the PoultryShow, which was
under a largetent, was
numerous,
pendently
much
crowded.
The town
of Bedford
subscribed handsomely. Indeof collecting
"120
for poultryand horticultural prizes,
it
to the Agricultural
Society.
gave upwards of "60 in cups and prizes
The pens were
of Southampton,and
suppliedby Mr. George Billett,
Mr. W. B. Jeffries,
of Ipswich,
gave his services as Judge.
Pootras were
The Cochins^
Gavie, and Brahma
very good; bnt the
with the exception
bad.
of a few specimens,
other classes,
were
is a list of the awards :
The following
"

Coek. 1,Rev..
Dorkings
(Any variety). 1, J. Longland.
2,Rev. J. G.Baker.
J. G. Baker,
e, J. Longland.
G. Shrimp
Cochins
G. Shrimpton.
(Any varietv).-!,
2, H. Lloyd,jun. 7ic,
ton ; R. B. Stafford ; J. K. Fowler,
Cack."l, B. Crawley.
c, B. Newland.
pens entered from the immediate
'iC,J. K. Fowler ; G. Shrimpfon ; H. Lloyd,jun.
l and
Biac/t-fjreasfedBtd.
Capt.
R.
Hall,
R.
B.
graceful Game."
but allude to a most disStafford;
2,
he,
c, \V. H. L. Clare.
Any variety.-l, R. Hall. 2, W. H. L. Clare.
by a rather extensive exhibitor to Montressor.
he. W. H. L. Clare ; J. H. Bradwell.
Coek."l, R. Hall.
It apopponent
SP.1NISH
pears
he, J. K. Fowler.
2, W. R. Ball,
(Any variety).1, W. Nottage.
"

"

these,however, were
most excellent
neighbourhood. We cannot, though briefly,
made
attempt at imposition
blight the reputationof an
secretly
undeservedly.
a letter,covering
several pieces
of writingpaper, was
sent to the
Oocfc,-l,C. Vi'rigbt.
Swallow
" Chambers.
Hamborghs
2, Arnold.
(Any variety).I,
Hon. Secretary,
the informant's personal knowledge that cerstating
tain
Stevens,
Brahma
Pootra
2
(Any variety).1, A. B. Hamilton.
which he specified,
pens of his rival,
had the tail feathers fastened
Clark; M. Leiio. c, J. ilolmes.
in, and that whilst he strictly
Bincfc-troastediicA- 1, C. Read.
Game
Baxtamb.2, Capt,Newland.
of his (the
prohibitedthe mention
"

"

"

"

own
accuser's)
he knew
name,
had frequently
owner
boasted ot

the truth

the

successes

of his assertion ; that the

of his trickery
; and that

the writer was

the
only anxious to prevent deceptions
so base injuring
"
honest exhibitor,"
"c.
After the awards were
made
and returned
the Judge was
made
with the accusation,
and that gentleacquainted
man
at once
intimated his conviction the whole
imputation was
"fabricated from
to end."
With
three gentlemenof the
beginning
Committee, who at his requestaccompanied him, an adjournmentto
the Show tent proved the accusation false from beginning to end, as
The letter sent contained also a specific
anticipated.
that if
promise,
the accused were
punished, the informant's entries would be greatly
increased
future occasions. We
on
think we
be supposedto
cannot
when we express our opinion
speak at all uncharitably
that the whole
accusation was written with a knowledgeof its falsity.Although we
forbear to mention by name
the author of this unwarrantable
charge,
cannot

but

him

ftc.G.

J. Reeder
(2). Any variety." 1, J. Allen. 2, W. Y. Johnson.
c, W.
Coc;:." 1,P. M. PajTie.
Bantams
(Any variety except Game)." 1, R. B. Stafford. 2 and he, M. Leno.
Cocfc" 1,P. M
Payne.
he, P. M. Payne ; Miss Roe ; J. K. Fowler.
Variety."
Any
other
1,J. Maiden,
Farmyahd
2, N. Clarke.
3, T. Cranfleld.
(Local)." 1,F. Powers.
Rouen."
1 and 2^J. K. Fowler
BvcJiS.-Ayleshury."l and 2, J. K. Fowler.
2, M. Leno.
Any variety." I, Rev. A. Orlebar.
Mrs.
Street.
and
Fowls
2,
Guinea
(Any variety)."!
Geese
2, G. Davies.
(Any variety)." 1, W. K. Fowler.
PIGEONS.
". Chambers.
Swallow
1 and he, H. Yardley.
Carriers."
2,
Pouters.2, H. Yardley.
c, W. Nottage.
1, H. Lavcr.
Jacobins."
1, G. Roper. 2, H. Yardley.
1, W. R. Bull.
Antwerps."
2, W. Nottage.
1. J. Loverside.
Fantails.
2, H. Yardley.
Trumpet
HRS."l, H. Yardley. 2, P. M. Payne.
S\TaUowaua
Any
ftc.W.H. Boyer;
Variety."I, W. Nottage. 2, D. Dean.
Chambers
; H. Yardley ; H. Laver.
Dickens,

"

"

"

that his conduct

of
is the most likely
A reallyworthy punishment
POULTRY
SHOW.
CLECKHEATON
that
to have withheld all the prizes
the
had
been awarded
the awards made at this Show, held on
The
to the writer of the letter,
are
have
following
as the loss would
been possibly
that in all the affairsof this life " honestyis 22nd inst. :
suggestive
the best policy."
8, R.
Brown
flcrf." 1, C. W.
B(ncfc fled! or
Briorloy,Middleten,
Game."
Blue or Orel! Duckwing."l, C. W. Bricrley. 2, J. Mason,
Shelf.
Hemingway,
Dorkings."
2. Mrs. A. C. Thvnno, Penstowe,
CoZo"rcd."l,E. Burton, Truro.
C. W.
R. " H. Walker, Gomcrsal.
variety
2,
Any
"1,
Worcester.
Bricrley.
P.
Stratton.
White."
S, Mrs.
Coffin, Portlodge.
\, J. H. Nichols, TanRior,
2, C. W. Brierley.
Coek."l, E. Aykrovd. Ecclefbill.
Lostwithiel. 2, W. Pickard,Hartland.
3, Mrs. Macgreffor. Hallsannery, BideDaRKiNO
1, T. Briden, Eaiby, Skipton. 2, W. H. King, Rochdale.
ford.
Coohin.Cbina
(Any variety)."!, H. Beldon, Bingley. 2, H. Lacy, Hebden
Spanish."
1, S. R. Han'is, Cusgame, 6t. Day. 2, F. Brewer, Lostwithiol.
Bridge.
8, 3. Tonkin, Bristol.
Spanish
1, C. W. Brierley. 2, H. Beldon.
(Black)."
Gasie." 1, H. Gibson.
Brockenliurst.
2 and
8, S. R. Higham, Morchard
1 and 2, H. Lacy.
Photra
Brahma
he and c. Dr. W. King, Ballmore, Falmouth.
Biahop.
H. Beldon.
2, S. Smith, NorlhowGoM
or
Hambdrohs.Silver-peneillcd."l,
Cocnis-CHINA." 1,S. R. Harris. 2, J. Beard, St. Blazey. S,F. Brewer,
T.
ftc,
Gold or Sili"ir-Hpan^led 1 and 2, H. Beldon.
ram.
M. Hawke, St Day.
Pheasants
(Black)." 1. C W. Brierley. 2, H. Beldon.
Braiimab."
1 and
Mrs. A. 0. Thyrno.
2,R. Burton.
8, S. Richards, Truro,
lie,
Beds."
I, G. Noble, Stamclilfe. 2, W.
"Blark Ileds or Brown
Bantams
Game
Hamburghs."
OoIrf-pcnciHcd." 1, R. Loram, Exeter.
2, S. n. Hai-ria. S, G.
F. Entwisle, Wiko.
yla//i-nriVf)/.-!and 2, W. F. Entwiale.
v"
Lias, Par Station,
S. B. Harris.
he, S. Rictiarda.
2, J. W.
Oold-span(iled"\.
2, S. " B. AsntOD,
1, H. Beldon.
Bantams
(.Vny variety except Game).
Banbury, Budc.
S. .T. Mcdwiiy, Newton
Abliolt.
Silvcrspanqlcd."land 2. S.
Mottram.
S and
R. Harris.
he, J. Clark, St. Day. e, W. M. Lancaster, Borridon, Brad1 and 2, H. Beloon.
Variety.ANY
OTHER
"wortliy.
Bideford.
3,
we

anything

to

suggest to

H.
lie,

"

"

injurepoultryexhibitions.

for such conduct

would

have been

"

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"

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"

..,

.^,

,,

"

"

S. R.
Silvcr-peneiUed."i,

Harris.

2 and

J.

Walter,

July 27, 1871. ]

JOUBNA.L

OP

HORTICULTURE

AND

Turkeys."
1, E. Leech, Kochdalo.
2,Rev. N. J. Ridley,Newbury.
Geese
Cleclt(Any variety)."!, E. Leech, Rochdale.
2, G. F. Thompson,
heaton.
J.
Eouen,
Williamn,
Ducks."
Wath. Rotherham.
2, E. Leach.
^yZcsfiuJ-j/.-l,
4;i?/oartefi/."1, C. W. Brierley. 2, W.
2, J. White, Waliefield.
I.E. Leech.

"

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

The white clover,which

present,will last for some

79

is the chief honey plant here at

time, but haymakers are robbing
bee food.
I purpose
sending my

the fields of much

of our
bees to the moors
in about three weeks' time. Would it answer
to drive the old stocks at the expirationof twenty-two days
Carriehs.
1 and
2. E.
1, E. Lee,
Single Birds,
from the data of swarming ?
Would
sufficient
they make
Birchenley.
2, H. Yardley, Birmingham.
Tumblers.
2, E. Homer.
1. F. Moore, Burnley.
to maintain
be favourable,
their popuhoney, if the season
lation
Pouters
Croppers.
2. H. Yardley.
or
1, E. Horner.
during the winter ? I would not objectto feedingin the
Fantails.
1 and 2, J. F. Loversidffe, Newark.
Dragoons."
1. H. Yardley.
Birkenhead.
2, F. Graham.
In
the
when
the
brimstone
fumes are killing
spring.
autumn,
Jacobins.
2, W. Gomeraali,Littletown.
1, E. Lee.
our
little favourites,
I could drive some
bees and add to the
3^UN3."
1,H. Yardley. 2, E. Horner.
Antwerps."
Stanhope, Eccleshill.
old stocks ; in this way I should get an extra hive. If the glaeg1, H. Yardley. 2,
Extra
Prizes
1, E. Horner.
2, O. Gravil, jun.,Thome.
(Any variety),"
the top of the swarm
not all sealed,I would put it on
cap were
Rabbits.
Lop-eared. 1 and 2, C. Gravil, jun. Extra Prizes (Any variety)." until all were
sealed.
Would
giving beeswax to the bees be
C.
G.
E.
Gravil,
jun. 2,
lUingworth,Hightown.
1,
of any advantageto them in making comb ?
T. E.
Judges.
Dixon, Bradford; Mr. Richard
-Poultry:Mr. James
[It is very probablethat the old queen was lost when the
Teebay,Fulwood, Preston.
first attempt at swarming was
cumstances
made, and that under the cirsecond issue will take place. If you now
no
drive
the
stock
are
sacrifice
a
to
of
EYE
likely
OR
WHITE
great
you
quantity
brood,
ANTWERP,
VOLANT,
the usual conditions being entirely
altered by the too-probable
PIGEONS.
loss of the old queen.
The expelledbeea may or may not be
I BEE what ia stated at page 56, bat stillwe do not get at the
able to collect sufficient food to last the winter ; all depends
information
sought. There is bat one Antwerp Pigeon which
of the season, which, of
upon the character of the remainder
I call the Antwerp proper, and it is the Dove-faced
Antwerp, coarse, no one can foresee,but a removal to the moors
would
which freqaentsthe loftier baildingsof the cityof Antwerp, as
afford them a better chance.
If the driven bees are put into a
Daws
and Starlingsdo steeples and towers ; in short, as
oar
moveable-comb
comb
hive,a few sheets of artificial
given to
London
wild Doves, them two or three
yoa see Pigeons in the dome of St. Paal's,
days after the operationmight possiblybe
or the tramps and vagrantsof Pigeon society. So is the Dovean
advantage.]
laoed Antwerp a wild Dove, in the city of Antwerp, and, probably,
in the Belgian towns and province?,saeh as I describe.
PREVENTING
SWARMING.
I wish to learn if it ia not a cross-bred bird between this Doveseveral causes
There
are
which, if put in operation,will
faced Antwerp and Dragoon (andOwl, too),that ia represented
tend to preventswarming ; but to reduce it to a practical
science
the Antwerp or voyageur
as
Pigeon we all know so well,sach
considerable tact and attention.
One point is to have
flown from
oar
the Crystal Palace lately
as
were
toy requires
; not
but young
; another,to keepnone
show Antwerp?, aseless on
the wing ; in short, if these Voy- largehives and plentyof room
This lessens the tendency to swarm.
Moveable
comb
Antwerp and Dragoon (Owl,too) queens.
agears are not Dove-faced
We
have
several
at
hives
are
indispensable.
apiaries a distance
Skinnnms ?
do
find
it
to
and
watch
from
not
them
home,
necessary
daily
And I woald learn, if the White-eye (Volant)
is not either
the tedious old-time custom.
in the swarming season, as was
crossed
Dove-faoed Antwerp andTambler
perhaps Hoase Dove
As above mentioned, we supply each colonywith plentyof room
crossed
Dove-faced
under
domestication
or
claimed
reAntwerp
the season
when swarms
are
most
Doves, indeed ; for I think the Dove-faced Antwerp is and a young queen. Daring
each hive as often as every eight
examines
likelyto issue,a man
the Hoase Dove, become homeleaa and partially
wild,as Daws
and
cells
nine
if
in
are
of
or
tion,
construcdays,
any
queen
process
and Starlings,
and vagrant Pigeons are.
mature
off. They cannot
outs them
"
any more
Volants " all birds are, more
queens
insects and
or
less,and some
the next
interval before examination,and if any cells
stration within
reptilestoo ; bat the Volant Pigeon ia so called in demonthen
found
in
the
are
same
they are cut out
way, and so on till
rather aiguifioation
of its remarkable
or
flyingpowers.
And
Volants are White
werps they cease.
Eyes ; bat whether Dove-faced Antof
the
is
that if any cells
The
so
clippedcloae,
wing
queen
remains to be told. The
pnre or crossed,as suggested,
should issue,she could not
"Volant
is indigenousto certain provinoeain Belgium only, should be overlooked,and a swarm
the bees,theywould return
and, being unable to accompany
and a rara
avis,generallyspeaking.Mr. Sutherland,of Combe, fly,
to the hive.
% believe,
knows this Pigeon. In Linoashire
want to know
we
the
There
is
of
lost by droppingto the
being
danger
queen
what White Eye (Volant)is. Beadek.
ground in front of the hive and not findingher way back. This
P.S." The White-eye Volant I am
told is also called
The
can
be avoided by using what is called a
queen yard," being
Is it some
Camulet," whatever that signifies.
prolific
speciality,
simply a plank in front of the hive 18 or 20 inches square and
or
gregarioushabit, or has it reference to cloud cumulus
4 inches high, with a stripof tin 2 inches wide set in all round
?
"flights
with the bottom of the box.
the top, projecting
inwards,parallel
should be tight,with a stripof wire cloth,3 or
The bottom
Poultry
the side next' the hive,to make
MiDDLETON
Show.
This Show, which
of late 4 inches wide, across
it cooler.
and
Make an opening in that side correspondingto the entrance
of
years has been very successful both as regardsthe number
the qualityof the poultryand Pigeons exhibited,
is fixed for the hive at the bottom, and a passage through which the bees
There
are
September 20th and 21st.
fifty-twoclasses for must pass into the queen yard before takingflight.The queen
poultry,seventeen for Pigeons, and six for Babbits, in all cannot fly,and cSnnot crawl over the projectingtin,and will
and the prizesinclude several cups.
of
seventy-five
classes,
readilyreturn to the hive. I know of no possiblemeans
with the box hive,as the queen
cells are
preventing swarms
often inaccessible. {Moore'sRural New
Yorker.)

JBinns, Pudsey.

PIGEONS.
Horner, Harewood.

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"

"

"

"

"

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"

"'

"

"

"

"

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"

SUCCESSFUL
I

SWARMS"

DRIVING.

a stock of bees this spring. A month

ago a swarm
APIARIAN
GLEANINGS.
off which I put in a straw hive, but the bees did not
To Find the
to settle,and I suspectedthey were
Queen. I know of no method gf findingthe
going off to some
place which they had chosen. In about half an hour they began queen, except by lookingtill you see her. She ia generallyto
Handle
the combs
to return
one
of the brood combs.
on
to the stock hive again,in a quarterof an hour they be found
iiad all done so.
Is it probablethe old queen whicii would go
gently,so as not to alarm the bees,and she will remain much
with this swarm
The
Italian
lost?
In
more
fourteen days, the weather
highly-coloured,
was
quiet.
queens beinggenerally
more
be distinguishedmuch
easilythan the natives,
can
another
being unfavourable all that time, there was
swarm
about in fright
which I secured ; it has been fifteen days in the hive,and this and are much
the
over
less disposed to run
is quite full of comb, and 9 lbs. heavier.
combs.
I have heard no
Frame
of
or
hold
it
To Eemove
Bees
a
from
honey
brood,
piping in the old stock,neither do I think it will swarm
again.
the combs, and give it a
It has sufficient honey to keep its population
to avoid breaking-out
during the winter perpendicularly
and spring,and has on
motion
lodge
it a glasscip (10inches by 5 inches),sharp, sudden
downwards, with force enough to diswhich is full,
be brushed
most of the bees. The few stilladheringcan
except a small pieceof comb at the side. There
is pure honey in all the combs, no bee-bread,and the bees are
off with the feather-end of a stiff quillor a small wing.

BonaHT

came

seem

"

"

mow

it quickly.
sealing

M.

QuiHBT.
"

Bural
{Moore's

New

Yorker.)

OF

JOURNAL

80

OUR

Swarm

Second

BOX.

LETTER

[ July 27, 1871.

GARDENER.

COTTAGE

AND

HOKTIOULTURE

Deserting

their

Hive.

"

The

errant

swarm

may

have

more
returned to the old hive, although it seems
prohable that they have
the
for their deserting their hive,
mean
PouUry-keeperB gone off altogether. We cannot account
think
(P. J. J.)."We
you must
weather
although discouragement owing to unfavourable
may possibly
Manual," price 5s..free by post Ss. Ad.
and in this case a timely supply of food sufficient
have been the cause,
Chop-bound
Brahma
Cock
(C. G.)."Tour fowl must have had a
Daek
thom
to proceed with
comb-building, might, perhaps, have
to enable
We
cannot
constitution to live through your treatment.
wonderful
saved them.
fitted for a pig
feeding than yours. It is far more
imagine much worse
It is said that certain Indians, when unable to procure
than for a fowl.
fowl
stomach
Your
of
an
the
METEOROLOGICAL
OBSERVATIONS.
to
earth
cravings
empty
eat
food,
stay
time
spirit. For some
faced his "ollapodrida" in the same
have
must
Camden
Square, London.
ministered
after each operation the food should have been plain thick gruel,adLat. 51" 32' 40" N. ; Long. 0^ 8' 0" W. ; Altitude 111 feet.
frequently,and very little at a time, not such a hotch-potch
Till you alter your
feeding you will always have crop-bound
as he had.
Give
birds. Give up your thirds, cabbage, potatoes, and maizeraeal.
Be careful in giving small
ground oats, barleymeal, or even whole com.
quantities at a time, and your bird will do better,but he will be long in
recovering the double operation. If you have another as good we do not
advise you to keep the patient.
cannot
do
Supply
Chickens
and
Eggs
Fowls
to
(H. B. B.)." You
to eat the eggs and
mean
Pootra if you
better than keep the Brahma
advise you to
to market, we
to send
chickens
yourself. If you mean
keep Dorkings, piovided they can always have the run you speak of.
have a cold; all
Cataerhed
Hamburghs
{W.'B.). Your Hamburghs
the breed are subject to it. You
well, and lay well. All
say they seem
bread and
ale,
Nothing is better than some
they want ia a stimulant.
If the cold he treated in this way it
and a little camphor in their water.
weather, dry and hot,
vrillpass. If the weather change for real summer
shall hear no
we
complaints of the sort ; but with lessening days, cool
or sis
mornings and evenings, and tropical showers (six hours sooner
hours later,vide Francis Moore
Physician, in his learned treatise, Vox
or
REMARKS.
Stellarum "), we have little hope of perfect health and ease for man
other bipeds.
19th." Hazy in early morning, fine but occasionally cloudy, storm-like,
with a few drops of rain at 7 p.m.
Fowls
Sitting
Preventing
(E. W.). We are tired of remonstrating
20th." Fine morning, cool air and
all day, bat cloudy at
with those who, like you, complain fowls are always sitting. The act, or
bright sun
term
night.
or
nuisance
strictlyin accordance with
as you
it,is one
propensity,
it is a ques21st. Hazy and cloudy till noon, so of course
wards.
tion
all the attributes of fowls. As to their being always sitting,
cooler, very fine afterruary
FebIf you chose twenty children, all born
of lapse of time.
22nd." Hazy moroing, slight shower
at noon, and a short heavy one
13th,1871, you will not be surprised if on the 13th of February,
between
5 and 6 p.m. ; all else fine.
months, if in 1892 they are all of age, and looking
1872,they are twelve
of twenty coming of
2Srd. Fine early,thunder
at 11.55 a.m., alightshower
at 1 p.m., and twoold fogey." It may
an
on
be, the burden
you as
in four
If you
had chosen them
or three afterwards.
day may be hard to bear.
age the same
of age at
24th." Rainy morning, sunshine
and showers
during the day, but wet
divisions,with one
year's interval,they would not all come
If your
chickens
all of the same
are
evening and night.
once.
age, they will all lay and
two
or
25th. Fine, early ; strong wind and frequent heavy showers, vivid flash
to be broody the same
want
day ; if you choose them at one
of lightning,
and
interval in their laying and
months'
interval,there will be the same
very long, though rather distant,peel of thunder
in a
at 3.2 P.M.
broodiness, and you will have nothing to complain of. Broodiness
If
of
rather
season.
Barometer
it
is
lower than last week, temperature slightlyhigher, the
is
of
a
you
a
in
a
question
hen,
pullet
question
age ;
hens
difi'erence between
the dry and wet being preciselythe same, 5'^.9. The
they
keep pullets,you may depend on their laying, but if you keep
latter part of the week
alternatingsplendid sunshine and heavy showers,
win only lay in the spring. We suppose your only objection is,that the
G. J. Symons.
hens do not lay when they are sitting.
Errata."
Barometer, April20th, should be 29.388,and July 14th,80.002.
Egg
the
Sex in the
Distinguishing
[E. E.F.). We thank you for
"

Books

"

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"

"

"

"

"

of
do not believe in the sexes
your letter,and your extieriences. We
posed
eggs, and have littlefaith in the eggs of pullets. They are generally supmodes
have
tried
the
all
We
will
to be the worst
they
lay.
eggs
that the earliest
conclusion
to only one
suggested, and have come
It is curious that a Crevesex.
chickens have a tendency to the male
Duck's eggs, thus showing her
Cceur should sit,and as you put her on
it is probable she may
the sweets of maternity in their sourest
sense;
disarrangement of the
rejoiceit was only the exception, caused by some
in
avoid such visitations,and such gentle cares
and she may
organs,
future.
mend
Laying
only recomHens
Recommence
(frcssy)."We can
Making
Do
not have
you patience. Feed your fowls moderately but well.
No stimulants.
Every
to any cabbage, potato,or patent foods.
recourse
of eggs, and
hen if she meet with no accident,lays her stipulatednumber
thing
Everywhether she does it in four years or in one, she will lay no more.
that is done in the wuy
of forcing to lay,tends to produce disease
Meat
of an incurable character.
feeding forces laying.

COYENT

GARDEN

MARKET."

July

26.

"

tim"
better supplied with general produce than for some
of buyers has kept the stands clearer
in confair attendance
sequence.
Peaches and Nectarines
Pines and Grapes are very plentiful;
quite sufficient for the demand.
We

now

are

past, and

FRUIT.

Dorkings
Crossing
{G. M. S.).~We had not thought there was a pure
The late Prince Consort
now.
see one
Red Dorking cock left. We never
had them, also Sir John
Cathcart, and Mr. Fisher Hobbs. You may safely
keep the produce, and the chickens will show the Red blood next year.
It cannot
be too generally known
It will bene
disadvantage to them.
and understood, that no colour should be allowed to influence the chances
of a pen of Dorkings in general competition. All can compete
of success
They have classes apart. Silver-Greys can compete in
except White.
the general class.
is fuU
Game
Chickens
Dubbing
(E. W. S.)."The age of five months
early for dubbing, but if yout chickens are shown with full heads they
The
best food for a
will have no chance against those that are dubbed.
journeyis bread sopped with water, and put in a vessel fastened to the
Bide of the basket in which the bird is packed.
finement;
Hamburghs
Keeping
{J.C, R!ver8dale)."ThGy do not thrive in conBrahmas,
Cochins, or Spanish
they mu'-t have a good run.
better. We should choose the first-named.
will suit you much
Egg
obliged by your communication.
Double
(J.2^.)."We are much
not fruitful,
declared
that these double eggs were
for many
It was
years
corded
have
instances remany
hut experience has proved the contrary. We
been produced, not always
in which, as in your case, twins have
joinedtogether. The weight, 5^ ozs., is very great. Hens sometimes
an
It does seem
anomaly and
lay such for a week and then discontinue.
that fourteen eggs should produce fifteen chickens, but it is
a difficulty
not ihe less true, and we thank you for the authentication of it.

if any exhibitor at this Show

"I wish to know
Show.
I have not, and
although the Secretary
any prize money.
nothiug of it. I am
to send it at a certain
date I have peen
are
going to try
until another
exhibitor is ready, and then wo
it in the County Court, and I advise all others to do likewise."

Woodbridge
has received

"

POULTRY

promised
waiting
and get
Howarth

Antwerp

Prcstwich.'*
Ashton, Polejield,
need bo
Pigeons, "o. (Reader)." We think that no more
been
already asked, replied to, and retheir
have
as
good a right to maintain

published. The question has

boys
joiudered.Birmingham
as
Lancashire
disclalmB them

opinions
"truth

lads.
They
both.''^

each claim

truth,and

it may

MARKET."

Large Fowls

ditto
Smaller
Chicitena

2
1
2
6
0

Ducliiings

be,
'

GoBlinga
Fheaeauts

d.
B.
6 to 8

26.

July

As

There
is a good supply and a good demand.
samption follows on diminished prices.

usual,incroased

Piireons
Rabbitfl
Wild ditto
Hares

Guinea

Fowl

Grouse..,,..,,.,

0
1
0

0
0
0

coa-

82

JOURNAL

OF

HOETICULTUEE

any other sort or salading,

exceptEnaive or Lettuce. It is a good
addition to a salad,though it has been thought too bitter for
some
tastes,but those who are aconstomed
to eatingit take no
notice of that. It is not so bitter if forced quickly,but if
forced slowlyit is both bitter and tough. My mode
of treating
Chicoryis in May to sow a good breadth in rows, 1 foot apart,
in the open ground, selectinggood deep soil,
and encouraging
the growth so as to produce good-sizedroots. In the autumn
I dig them
out of the ground in the same
way as Carrots,
After drying,
the roots may be
takingcare not to break them.
minus
the
in
packed away,
tops, some
dry cool shed,where they
will be secure
from frost,
using dryearth or ashes to pack them
in. When
forcing commences,
which with me
is about the
beginning of November, a hotbed is prepared of sufficientsize
to afford a heat of about 70". The positionfor such beds is by
of particularimportance,for I have placed them in
no
means
dark sheds or cellars,
in any out-of-the-way
or
of the
corner
garden, and in brick pitsor garden frames,and if every ray of
lightbe excluded,any of these placeswill answer
the purpose
well. If a bed cannot be afforded for forcing
Chicoryalone,
be potted thickly,and placed in
the roots may
any heated
structure.
They must be kept dark, and suppliedwith plenty
of water.
The young leaves will soon
push forth,well blanched
and tender,and when
from 4 to 6 inches long are
fit for use.
This salad is the easiest to force of any that I
know, and may
be enjoyed by anyone
having the most limited means
for

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

[ Augast 3, 1871.

The

followingvarieties were grown in the orchard house this

and they ripened in the order of their names
:
mier,
PreBritish Queen, Mr. Eadclyffe,Lucas, President Wilder,
La Constante, Souvenir
de Kieft,and Frogmore Late Pine.
From
some
cause, but what I know
not, nearly two-thirds of
the plants of Souvenir de Kieff were
blind," and the same
the
circumstance
occurred with
plantsin the bed out of doors.
This is an
excellent Strawberry,
but if it has a failing
of this
sort it is not to be recommended.
Lucas was
doors,
very good inseason,

"

"

and is very fine out of doors ; beautiful in colour and

excellent in flavour under the circumstances.
British Queen
and Mr. Eadclyffeare much
alike ; both are first-class,
and
always to be depended upon for a crop of the finest dessert
fruit. President,which
earlier
than
the
of
above
ripens
any
time, should be
except Premier, which ripensabout the same
grown by everybody. Frogmore Late Pine,planted out and in
pots, is unsurpassed as one of the latest varieties; the fruit is
large,and, with its peculiarPine flavour,most excellent. The
Those who requirefruit of
plant is also an abundant cropper.
the largest size and late should grow Admiral
Dundas
and
Cockscomb ; the latter is also of good flavour.
The new
varieties which I have not as yet seen noticed are
President Wilder, which
is of dwarf,compact habit ; the fruit
is not of the largestsize,but there is plenty of it, and the
flavour is good,especially
out of doors.
Triomphe de Paris is
of free growth, and an excellent varietyfor pot-culture. Alexander
forcingit.
II. also promises well.
The fruit is of largesize,somewhat
Of Lettuces
and Endive, in order to have a good stock of
fortunately,
irregularly
formed, and of a blight red colour ; it is,unplants for winter use, successional sowings should be made
of the most tender sorts,and the plant6were
one
frequently between July and November.
The
earUest sown
much
cut up last winter.
will come
to perfectionin the open borders,and also later
It may be useful to state the method of culture pursued here
sowings if the weather be mild. The stock,however, should
with the Strawberry
in pots as well as in the open garden. We
be so regulatedas to have a largequantityof plants
both for pot-cultureand for
ing
approachto layer the runners
commence
that
so
all
store placesunder glassmay be filled planting out about the first week
maturity,
in July. The Strawberry
when
frost
in.
sets
Hand-lights and cloches may be used
up
turfyloam and rotted manure,
requiresgood pottingmaterial
with advantage to protectthe plantsleft in a forward state in
in the proportion of four of the former to one
of the latter.
the open ground. The cloches,
of which I have several dozens, A singlecrock is placed at the bottom
of a 3-inch pot,and a
the handiest and most useful means
are
of protectionI know,
littlesoot over this to help to keep the worms
out ; the loam is
"and they should be in use in every garden. The
then pressed firmlyin. The pots are arranged close together
way to make
the most of them
is to place the plantsin
and a runner
in a double row between two rows
of Strawberries,
groups of five or
close
for
the
cloche
enough
to cover
seven,
the whole.
night
During is fixed in the centre of each pot with a small peg. In a forthard frost a little protectionmust
be given at night. Cloches
will be established in the pots,and may be
the runners
also remarkably handy for bringingforward Lettuce in the
are
them
in
cut clean from the plants,placing
a
positionfreely
spring,for protectingor growing Parsley,
and for many
other
not in a continued
exposed to the sun and wind ; of course
purposes.
draught,as no plant will do well in such a position. The
I hope the hints I have given will be found useful to those
plants should also stand on a hard bottom, or each pot should
who
may be called upon to supply a winter salad ; but remember,
be set singlyon a brick.
there is much
to be left for the cultivator's own
When
the plants have well filled the small pots with roots,
judgment
to apply according to circumstances which
I cannot
foresee.
theyshould be shifted into the pots in which it is intended
By the methods described,I have to supply some
and
thousands of they should fruit ; 5 and 6-inch pots are the most suitable,
heads and bunches of the differentsalads mentioned
I
used.
that previously
daring the the compost should be the same
as
and
autumn, winter,
spring. Thohas Eecoed.
but do not think
size than 6-inch
have tried
"

"

STRAWBERRY

CULTURE.
Strawberries,
owing to the excessive heat
drought, ripened nearly together,but where they were
Last

season

and
well
with
at
water
the roots the qualitywas
supplied
very superior.
The present season
has been equallyremarkable for wet
; in
the fruit was
cases
deficient in colour and iJavour,
many
and
decayedon the ground before it was quite ripe. In a season
like the present, the best way to ripen the fruit,
and to preserve
it for a few days after it is ripe,is to stick small
sprays
of Elm, Beech, Hornbeam, or anything similar,round
the
plants,and allow the fruit to hang over from the clefts of the
In a dry,scorchingseason
(he fruit is sometimes
spray.
scalded,but in a wet season
this is the only way to preserve it
intact.
The failureout of doors has been amply compensated by the
unusual
excellence of the pot fruit. A very large
crop has
been
less attention
gathered with considerably
as
regards
watering. In continued dry,hot weather the amount of watering
Various
pot Strawberries require is enormous.
means
have been tried to obviate,to some
extent, the necessityof so
much
watering,such as placing the pots in saucers
of water,
them on turf,but I do not approve of either
or setting
system.
To obtain the finest- flavoured fruit the
should
stand upon
pots
a wooden
platform or shelf as close as possibleto the glass,
and in a positionwhere
a
current of air can
and
pass over
under them, especially
when
the fruit is ripening; and air at
that time should be admitted both by night and day. The
as

consequence,

larger

pots,

to
In potting it is hardly possible
that such are so suitable.
The pots should not be filled
in the compost too hard.
ram
left
below
should
be
the
too full : half an inch or more
space
rim to allow of sufficient water being given ; and it may be as
well to note here that the plants should not have a drop of
of rest and until the
water until after their season
manure
flower-trusses appear, when
water may be occasionally
manure
given until the fruit shows signsof colouring,then it must be
withheld.
During the period of growth the plants should not
onlystand in an open position,exposed to the sun morning,
and night, but ample space should be allowed between
noon,

to develope
pots in order that the leaves may have room
The only attention the plantsrequireafter potting
them
is to water freelyand pinch off the runners
as
they are
them
to
formed, and about the middle of October to remove
cold frames, where the pots should be plunged to prevent the
The pots can be removed to the
frost from injuring
the roots.
forcinghouses as they are required.
For culture in the open ground,and to obtain the best results,
much
the best system is to make
a fresh plantationannually,
should be layeredin small
and, as alreadynoticed,the runners
pots. It is the best way, as not only do the plants go out
without experiencingany check to their growth, but they may
remain in the pots a week or two if the ground is not ready for
them.
They can be planted after any crop Poas, Potatoes, or
springCabbage. If the ground is cleared before the end of July,
nure
it should, if possible,
be trenched and well enriched with ma2 feet apart,
before planting. I plant in rows
a fortnight
distance between the plants. This distance
fruit, and allow the same
will be highlycoloured and rich in flavour.
is the most suitable for all the varieties,
except such as Presithe

themselves.

"

Angnst 3, 1871. ]

JOURNAL

OF

HOETICULTDBE

AND

Constante, Black Prince, and others of the

this a distance of 2 feet is
as
type. In such a season
much too close for the stronger-growingvarieties; the leaves
dent Wilder, La

COTTAGE

GAEDENEB.

83

Dawsonianus, but I venture to think it is the

(Goodyera)
species,for the leaves are green, and those of the specimens at
coloured.
Then, his fernery,
are
present bearing the name
chilns

same

have so overshadowed the fruit that sou and air cannot reach
it. It is also worthy of note that the best fruit as well as the
heaviest crop is obtained the first year after planting. The
for pot culture are
varietiesrecommended
the best also for

clothed with most

with its walls and buttresses all completely
luxuriant
specimens, hanging over and concealinga tank of
and
breed in comfish
live
which
fort.
iu
gold
water,
slightly-tepid
How I pity those in glassglobes! There, too, is that
ferent lovelybog plant, Anagallis tenera, carpeting with its palegrowing in the kitchen-gardenquarters. Of course, the difof soil have much
influence on the qualityof green leaves the soil's surface,and figuringthe carpetingwith
qualities
fruit.
is
also
much
afiected
hundreds
the
The flavour
of its delicate pinky flowers. Why are not bog plants
by position; an
cultivated ? Mr. Gosse knows how to cultivate as well as
more
open airyexposure suits the Strawberrybest. Sheltered from
how
that he knows
to collect,
and he knows
cuttingwinds, but not shaded, Frogmore Late Pine on our
how, and, like
lightsandy loam is one of the best late sorts ; on some
who did not plant
clayey another cultivator,would dischargethe man
J. Douglas.
soilsit does not succeed.
Cabbageswith their roots in the air if he was so ordered. But
than a cultivator and sketcher of Nature.
Mr. Gosse is more
his herb garden,
Like the pilgrimturned hermit and cultivating
No. 2.
SOUTH
DEVON."
A BIT
OF
Mr. Gosse can say, " My staff is not thrown
aside,I keep it
"
Much.
?"
What's in a name
It is quite true that " a
ready for my journeyto a better land."
Ejse by any other name
would smell as sweet," but that is no
abouts
This reference reminds
that in the 15 th century hereme
The name
the resorts of pilgrims for embarkation towards
were
satisfactory
appliedalways
response to the query.
"
Edward."
indicates much.
"Ned"
is a different man
from
the shrine in Spain of St. Jago de Compostella.In 143-1 the
"
like unto
Bessie."
licensed to carry thirtypilgrims,the
Bet " is not a woman
Then, again, Mary of Brixham
was
the people of
where local names
of thingsare gentle,poetic,
John of Teignmouth the like number, and the Catherine of
"
Paris comthereabouts
not " Nottingham lambs " nor
munists." Dartmouth
are
to be fertileof pilgrims
forty. The district was likely
For example
then
if its population were
a confirmatoryexample : hereabouts
not more
even
superstitious
the fair blue flowers of Germander
than now, for I have been
told that a bed of Lilies of the
Speedwell,Veronica ChamsEas soft as the people's Valleywas
not planted because he who did the plantingwould
drys,are called Angels'eyes," a name
"

"

"

"

clottedcream.
What a different commencement

from

that intended

when

took pen in hand ! But whilst I am

habits para vagrant my
take
first to say, and
of my infirmity
of purpose.
I intended
say it now, that since I last wrote I have had the pleasureof a
gist
long chat with Mr. Edward Vivian,the well-known meteoroloon
the verge of starting
to jointhe Association of
; he was
Science at Edinburgh, but kindly spared me
He
hour.
an
fully confirms the conclusion I had reached relative to the
vations
summer
temperature of Torquay. His meteorologicalobserhere extend over
many
years, but I will confine my
of results during the last ten years.
quotationto his summary
"

Mean

temperature and highestextreme

CliJton.. 65".2,91".
Ventnor....
55".7,82".
Exeter.... 56".6,91".
Oxford..
Greenwich
55".S,80=.
Mean
winter temperature and lowest extreme
18".
Clifton..
41".
Torquay. 44".7,
3, 7". Ventnor.
Exeter.
Oxford.
Greenwich
43".8,14".
41".2,16".
Mean
daily range of temperature
summer

66".3,82".
66".0,91".

44" 9, 21".
41".4, 8".

...

amount

ON

13".4.
14".2.

Clifton
Oxford

of rain

in inches, and

Ventnor
Greenwich

number

THE

PEDJCIPAL

EOSES

OF

on

which

{Raisedby Levet). Deep

1870.

of Madame

rose

what
colour,some-

Charles Wood.

Albion,H.P. (Liabaud).A large,

well-shaped,
brightredEose, but
growth.
Alexander
Humboldt, H.P. (Charles
Verdier).A free bloomer, of
the prevailing
crimson
colour.
Augnste Neumann, H.P. (Eugene Verdier). Dark rich shaded
crimson,with thick petals.Good.
Baron Chaurand, H.P. (Liabaud).Very dark shaded crimson,with
stiffBourbon-like petalsand rosette centre.
size and strong
Medium
growth.
T.
Belle Lyonnaise,
(Leyet).Fine shaded yellow,of vigorous,
Gloire de Dijonhabit,and, as far as I have seen, having
climbing,
of moderate

9".2.
16".3.

of days

Giraudier,H.P.

in the way

"

9" 8.
14",6.

Annual
fell-

NOTES

Abbe

"

...

Torquay

"

"

"

Torguay..

Exeter

die within twelve months.

Mr. Curtis's notes on the new
Eoses of 1870 have just
reached
let me
me, but before detailingthem
prevent any mistake
a practical
arisingfrom my remark that his rosery is strictly
establishment,by statingthat he is a very frequent and very
Even
successful exhibitor.
whilst I have been here he took
he did likewise at
prizes at Teignmouth, and just previously
Clifton when contending with other great Eose-growers. Let
add for the benefit of amateurs
this extract from his expeme
rience
I find guano and soot the best fertilisers
for Roses."
:
And now
for his

it

Clifton
28.9,154.
Ventnor
29.3,181.
27.7,152.
Exeter
Oxford
Greenwich..
27.3,185.
25.6,153.
22.2,147."
Collateral evidence of the absence of great summer
heat is the
fact that when
Mr. Vivian resided in Hertfordshire he ripened more
with less of the buff tint than our invaluable old friend.
yellow
Black Cluster Grapes on the open wall,but he has failed in his
Blanche
de Meru, H.P. (Charles
Verdier).A small blush Rose of
endeavour so to ripen them at Torquay.
medium
growth.
in thus demonstrating
Catherine Mermet, T. (Guillot
that Torquay is a temMy sole object
perate
fils).Full size,distinctflesh rose
The bud well coloured and graceful.
colour,beautiful.
sea-side summer
the delusion which
resort is to remove
Countess of Oxford, H.P.
(Guillot
pere). Carmine, very large.
causes
to avoid,except in winter, this most
beautiful
many
Rather deeperia colour than Victor Verdier.
deficientin no one requirement,and with a Flora inlocality,
cluding
A goodwhite China.
Dncher.
and all,
whether rare or common
rarities,
many
side
wayEdward Morren, H.P. (Granger).Lightcarmine rose, of fine form
plants,characterised by very specialluxuriance.
and very double ; of extra size. Rather uncertaiu,specimenssometimes
I record one
relative warning. The plant-seeker
will find it
occurring
trulymagnificent. A good grower.
stated in Stewart's " Handbook
of the Torquay Flora," that
Eliza Boelle,H.P. (Guillot
pere).Light pearlyblush,in the way
here is to be found the Maiden-hair Pern, but Mr. Vivian and
of Mdlle. Bonnaire, but a strongergrower.
Mr. Gosso, both residents,
that it is no longer a
Ferdinand de Lesseps,H.P. (EugeneVerdier).Rich shaded crimassure
me
son.
tenant of the Torquay clifis. They both tell of " one
Victor Verdier type ;
little
Large and of fine form, of the Madame
pet specimen on Berry Head," the whereabouts of which is fragrantand superb. A fine exhibition Rose.
General Grant, H.P.
kept secret from all but a select few, lest it should become
(Eugene Verdier).Dark maroon
crimson,
globular.A stronggrower.
known
to that ruthless invader a visitingcollector. Never
Jeanne
Guillot,H.P. (Liabaud).Lilac rose, medium size. Not
have I seen
that Maiden-hair so fine as in the
ferneryof Mr. much to recommend
it but its strong growth.
Gosse at St. Mary Church.
(There'sa softened name, again.
Jules Senrre,H.P. (Liabaud).Red, the old colour. No acquisition.
How
far more
gratefulto the ear than when the genitives, as
usual, is appended.) That excellent sketcher in words of
La Motte Sanguine,H.P. (Vigeron).Brightcherrycrimson,very
Nature lives now
surrounded
by his trim garden,fernery,
chard
ormassive than Gloryof Waltham, o"
largeand effective. Rather more
and Orchid houses.
If you who are readingthese notes
the same
shade of colour.
are not acquaintedwith his " Tear by the Sea-Bide,"make
Le
Mont
T.
tinted yellow,
Blanc,
White,
medium size.
(Ducber).
its
Louis Van Houtte, H.P. (Lacharme). Rich shaded
acquaintance,and be gratefulto me for introducing
crimson maroon,
you to that
fine
form.
In
the way
of Louis XIV., but a
book and its author,for in that you will see his mind.
deeplycupped,
I know
A fine exhibition Rose.
fragrant.
stronger
his genialpersonage, too, having justrenewed
grower,
very
an acquaintance
Louisa
Wood, H.P. (Eugene Verdier).Light vermilion crimson,
some
years have interrupted. He has a ooUeetiou
of about
often very striking
in colour,and brighter
than Madame
Caillat. Of
two hundred speciesand varieties of Orchids,and is annually
fine form and highlyscented,will be found a great
a
a
acquisition
adding to them.
He has justpurchased at a S'.evens's auction
pillarRose.
that must for the present be considered a variety
of AnseetoMadame Ducher,T. (Ducher) Pale
Of medium size.

Torquay

....

..

"

"

yellow,
pretty.

JOURNAL

84

OF

HOKTICULTURE

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

[ Angast 3, 1871.

Madame
all cultivated
Dostour, H. P. (Pemet " Co.). Brilliant cherrycrimson ; sort,which togetherweighed ll.jlbs. They were
of fine half -globularshape,
in the way of Victor Verdier. Good, though in the usual way for the use
of a family,and had they received
of medium
growth.
attention would undoubtedly have acquireda much
a littlemore
Madame
Le Francois,
H. P. (Oger).Kosy pink. Habit and shape
more
prodigious size. I know of no Lettuce so useful for
but not so good.
of Chabrillant,
the Paris White Cos.
For years I have procured
as
summer
Madame
dently
Levet, T. (Levet).Shaded yellowand buff. Very eviseed from a remarkably fine selected stock.
Not only have
my
from Gloire de Dijon.
a seedling
this
the
Paris
Cob
Lettuces
from
seed won
the admiration
grown
Madame
blash, nearly
Liabaud, H. P. (Gonod). Lightpearly
or rose
of visitors for their enormous
size,but connoisseurs who have
white
of beautiful circular
to itscentre. In the
of

shape

way

Virginal,

the best and sweetest

tasted pronounced them
of Lettuces.
but of rather strongergrowth. A decided acquisition.
We
could wish
this gem rather largerfor our exhibition stands.
Uriah
Gardens, Oxfordshire.
Hain, Romham
T
.
Madame
Trifle, (Levet).Yellow,shaded salmon and buff ; large,
and habit.
A Gloire de Dijon seedling.
of good dark foliage
Mdlle. EugenieVerdier,H.P. (Guillot
Beautiful flesh blush,
tils).
PORTUGAL
THE
QUINCE.
and
more
dame
showy. Of somewhat
very large
expanded form than Matwo year.')
I received some
Some time since (about
Portugal
Kothschild,and like Victor Verdier in growth.
Marquisede Castellane, H.P. (Pernet" Co.). Clear brilliantcherry Quince stocks from Mr. Scott, of Crewkerne, and at the same
colour ; very large,striking,
and beautiful.
rose
Of good habit,and a
from Mr. Rivers.
They differ so widely in habit
period some
greatacquisition.
that I am
tempted to ask your opinion as to which is the true
flesh blush ; of good
Beautiful light
Marquisede Mortemart, H.P.
of both.
I
sort, the small or the large-leaved.I enclose some
size and circular outline,
but of dwarf growth.
find that the former strikes from cuttings,and has the appearance
Paul Neron, H.P. (Levet).Full rose colour j immenselylargeand
of the Angers Quince. The latter will not strike from
massive. A very stronggrower.
but must
be layered; this bears largefruit. Inquireb.
Princess Christian. H.P.
(Paul).Fine shaded flesh rose colour. cuttings
Habit and foliageof Victor Verdier.
[The large-leaved
varietyis doubtless the PortugalQuinoe,
Perle
tinted flesh; easilydistinguishable
from the Angers. Eds.]
Blanche, H.P.
(Touvais). White, delicately
and
of
massive,stifle La Reine. A hard opener.
globular
Reine
des Beautes, H.P.
(Gonod). Light blush; a very strong
"

"

"

The plants
have not yet flowered sufficiently
to be proved.
grower.
Souvenir de Baron
Dark purplish
crimson.
Not
Rothschild,H.P.
much
of an acquisition.
A free bloomer.

Susanna

Wood, H.P.

(EugeneVerdier).Rose colour. Of medium

growth.
Thomas

Methven, H.P. (Eugene Verdier). Brilliant carmine ;

growthstrong.
Thyra Hammerick, H.P. Lightflesh rose, largeand circular ; of
medium
growth.
Tour
Bertrand, T. (Dncher). Yellow, shaded buff and flesh. A

THE

POTATO

CROPS

AND

THE

DISEASE.

I SEND
you a report of the progress of the Potato disease in
this neighbourhood (lltord).
There
was
of it
an
appearance
about the end of June in plainly-discernible
black blotches on
the leaves and stalks,and about the Ist of July I dug up a plant
of Veitch's Improved Early Ashleaf, and found three diseased

tubers. This varietyand Hogg's Early Coldstream

were
planted
border fullyexposed to the sun, for the earliest crop.
on
a south
On the Ist of July the thermometer
fell to the freezing-point,
from Gloire de Dijon,which it much resembles.
seedling
with a continued
low temperature until the 14lh ; from
the
culiar
Pefils).Flesh,edgedand tinted with rose.
Unique, T. (Guillot
inches
rain
fell. The disease made
2ad
the
15th
2
38
of
to
and distinct.
which
is
in
the
manured,
oonsehighly
rapid
garden,
Clemence Raoux, H.P. (Granger).Flesh blush tintedand bordered.
progress
Of flat,
susceptibleto the disease. Rivers's
sequentlythe crop is more
expanded,massive form. Poor habit.
of
Ashleaf was
attacked all along the lines. The haulm
Royal
Those fortyvarieties were
all proved in the Devon
Nursery,
of decay : but very few
was
soon
a
mass
Early Coldstream
and the notes record Mr. Curtis's opinions. I will add for the
in
diseased in the garden, and none
old Gooseberries " and his daughter, tubers of this varietywere
satisfactionof one of the
examioe
of the second earlycrop.
the field. I did not
that I saw
many
several specimens of Mr. Curtis's new
Bessie
Rose
lifted
two
The
littletouched
in
I
of
a
roots
haulm
is
a
places.
Johnson."
I can
attest that it is a large,fragrant,pale pink
kindly
Derbyshire Hero, which was
flower,and of vigorous habit. Mr. Curtis says of it, It is promising varietynamed
friend Mr. Laing, of Downie, Laird,
to try by my
given me
superiorin perfume to most of the full-sized blush Roses, with
diseased.
None were
and Laing, and two roots of White Don.
the exception of La France ; decidedly superior to fieine
I never
such
Of the last-named
saw
a
crop of even-sized
Blanche
is
and a
free autumnal
of the
"

"

"

distinct,

bloomer,

very

fine habit and growth of Abel Grand."

I must
conclude.
It is raining steadily,
and disagreeably
to the 20th, when
Devonians
near
expect the heavy rain,which
they call from that anniversary St. Margaret's Flood ;" but
it shall not drive me
I have not yet done with
away, for
Torquay." G.
P.S. The rain was last night ; glorioussunshine this morning.
Off to Berry Pomeroy Castle.
"

"

"

"

CUCUMBER

FAILURES.

thanks,Mr. Luckhurst, for your

to my plaint.
answer
that I could say it has solved the difficulty
for me, but,
The day after I received the Journal
truth to say, it has not.
Mr.
down
to
Woodford, came
my and your former neighbour,
see me
my case, and I put your letter into his hand.
; he knew
"Well," he Slid, we will go and have a look at the bed," and
did.
So far from findingthe bed soddened or the roots
so we
dead, we found the hills filledwith fine,white,clean,healthylooking roots,and the soil so loose and friable that one could
without any difficulty
put his hand rightdown to the manure
;
bed could not be.
in fact,a better-looking
So, again,I am at
and
I find several of my neighbours similarlysituated,
a lose.
in one
the owner
case
has, I know, made all the bed with turf
as
put it down as one of
you have described ; so I fear I must
understand."
those thingswith
fellow can
D., Deal.
no
Many

Would

"

"

"

Potatoes.
But it is in the fields and amongst the farmers that anxiety
is felt. A neighbouring farmer had a fine crop of Kidneys, of
The Early
which
he thought much
nearly all are diseased.
about here for more
Shaws, a varietywhich has been grown
attacked first,
and in some
thana
quarter of a century, were
fields many
were
diseased,while the later sorts showed by the
haulm
that
continuance
the
of
on
a
too-easily-di.'cerned
spots
weather
favourable to the progress of the disease would soon
The farmers,fearful for
make
sad havoc with the main crops.
the loss of their crops, hurried them into market, and caused a
rapid fall in the price. The Shaws are only second-rate as
were
regardsquality,and the very best " ware
onlyfetching
"

"

"3

per ton.

and instructive to watch the developboth interesting

ment
and progress of the disease during the earlydays of July,
the
caused a change in the weather
on
until a kind Providence
showed
The air seemed
to change,and the thermometer
14th.
61" on the
the night temperature; it registered
a rapid rise in
15tb, 65" on the 16th, and 60" on the 17th, with a continued,
rather dry, west wind, and a day temperature ranging from 80"
It

was

'The disease was

apparentlystayed; the black spotson
the leaves seemed
to dry up, and the rest of the leaf remained
ease
of a healthy green
up till to-day,July 27th. There is no disof seventy acres
in the main crop at Loxtord
a range
over
show
to
White
Don
yet standing; and I again dug up a root of
the produce to a gentleman from Fife,who declared he never
disease.
such a crop of large even-sized Potatoes and no
saw
the country"
A young
farmer told me
yesterdaythat "down
injured,
the disease is very wide-spread,and some
crops much
in the neighbourhood
of Upminster. J. Douqlas.
especially
to 85".

Large
Lettuces
to a
Lettuce.
I have
grown
frequently
much
R. F. S.,Stafford."
largersize than those spoken of by
After reading his remarks
of July 20th I
in your number
visited my Lettuce bed, and cut two of the Paris White
Cos,
The weather in
weighing respectively
3i and 4J lbs.,and measuring 25 inches
the past week, but
in circumference.
About
two years ago I cat two of the same
"

"

"

midland
districtshas
is stillvery unsettled and

our

been
at

warmer

in

very critical

AnguBt S, 1871. ]

JOUENAL

OF

HOBTIOULTURE

The Potato disease is likewise appearing

point for the harvest.
amongst the second earlies,and everything is favourable at
presentfor its full development and virulence amongst the late
W. T.
crops should August be wet and warm.
"

AND

85

GAEDENEE.

COTTAGE

fork,and drove it down in the border,moving it backwards and

forwards to give width to the holes made
by the prongs, and
the roots, so as to allow
done closelyaround and over
this was
the water to sink in freely. The character of the wood
every
as brown
as
alreadydescribed
year since has been the same
and so well able to bear up against
as if varnished,hard, stiff,
any rain storms, that instead of nailingor tying the bearing
wood
for the ensuing year's crop, after the last disbudding
takes place,I allow it to grow from the wall in order to secure
roughly
thoIt always ripened more
better ripening of the wood.
a
and I have
than if laid-in,
growing in such a manner
tinue
consuch proof of the practicebeing good, that I shall ever
"

Potatoes
in the Vale of Gloucester are going,I fear,very
from the blackfast,by the disagreeablesmell that comes
spottedtops,and many are complainingof dry diseased ones
Thohas
Gee.
even now.
"

The

ingly
has thus far turned out exceedfor some
years
the
disease
however,
Unfortunately,
localities owing to
is reportedto be spreadingrapidlyin many
the long-continued
rain.
{DevonshirePaper.)
Potato

crop in Cornwall

the yield being largerthan

satisfactory,

and

the qualityvery good.

"

THE

PROTECTION

OF

FROM

TREES

FRUIT

FROST.

it. I have

never

had

such crops of fruit

as
(Peaches)

certain protectionfor wall fruits is to have the

thoroughlyripened to insure a crop.
It is with greatdiiJidence I enter on
a
beaten path. The
I have been a constant
Tlae Gardener," had the management
of the trees.
remarks of Mr. Sutherland, extracted from
and published in the Journal of July 13th, page 29, together reader of your Journal for the greaterpart of the time, and
where prowith the pointed remarks of Mr. Fish in
have often read of failures of the Peach crop, even
tecting
Doings of the Last
I found
the firmness of fruit-tree
materials were
in use, but every season
my
number, on
Week," in the same
a
of Peach trees crop quite safe with the usual thinnings,and I have become
borders,have induced me to give my treatment
all
of
the
chief
cause
against the open walls without the slightest
protectionhaving firm believer in unripened wood being
afforded them
been ever
for a period of eight years, during the failures that take place. Let me point out the case of the
which time I never
failed to secure
a good crop of fruit,
owing, wood in a vineryhaving been badly ripened what follows?
I believe,
to the system of root-management
I adopted in order
Why, a bad show of small bunches, and a very bad settingof
wood.
the berries,
to secure
short, hard, well-ripened
although quitesafe from the influence of frost and
the
I think it proper
with the making of
to commence
cold winds ; and I assert that what takes place in the vinery
border, and I consider 8 feet to be a suiScient width,allowing from badlyripenedwood, happens likewise to the Peach out of
3 feet 6 inches from the wall for a path to nail,prune, disbud, doors. I do not mean
ever
to assert that we can
adopt a system
the Peach
tree live in health to a
"c., leaving4 feet 6 inches of a bed to the edging of the walk, of culture that will make
istence,
to be cropped as will be afterwards stated. There are very few
good old age ; but we can assist materiallyin prolongingits exthe injurious
and have the benefit of splendid
gardeners, I believe,but have often remarked
crops of fruit without
In order to do so we
efiects largeheavily-oropped
borders have
and highly-manured
the aid or expense
of glassstructures.
the fruit-bearing qualities
of trees plantedagainstwalls; must
on
give up the old-fashioned border cropped with vegetables,
the continual digging,manuring, "a
iu succession the crops I have alreadynamed,
inducing the trees to but we can sow
disturbance
produce gross wood, water shoots,"e.
Large roots running and in the manner
described,without the slightest
into the border and down into the subsoil,
no
fruitful shoots nor
to the roots of the tree.
them
wood
be
secured
when
the
below
the
influence
let
In
borders
make
can
us
roots
fruit-tree
firm,and if
ripe
get
making
"of solar heat.
To correct
the evil influence of planting in
the compost is dry ram
it hard; then it will be unfavourable
borders treated and cropped accordingto old-fashioned ideas, to the formation
of large roots, but will assist materiallyin
I adopted the followingcourse
of treatment.
of small fibres to spring upwards,assisted by
causing masses
The site of the border was
the mulchings, to the surface,there to receive nourishment
high and dry ; the soil was about
""qualparts of decayed sods and old garden soil thoroughly yearlyat our hands, and be within the influence of solar heat.
I had each
I treated all the wall trees
mixed, and in a healthydry state. When
fiUing-in,
viz.,the Plums, Pears,Apricots,
tree I
The Plum
to the Peach trees.
layer of 6 or 8 inches in depth well rammed, and thus proceeded "c., in a similar manner
until I had 16 inches of soil firm and compact. I gave
need not state requirestaking up and replantingoften,to make
useful
most
borders
Peach trees in a
a good slope to the border,planted the young
it produce fruitful wood, and I found firm
half-circularspace, cut about 6 inches in depth out of ths solid in causingthe Pear on the Pear stock to produce freelyat an early
and put on a mulching. age.
Borders
for the Pear worked on the Quince need not be
border, planted as shallow as possible,
I gave them the usual treatment
and after so firm.
resorted to any root-pruning,and the
I have never
young trees receive,
the first year's growth, I mulched
was
with
the border in March
beyond my
production of fruit-bearing
spurs and wood
recommended
as
by Mr. Eivers many
expectations
very old hotbed manure,
crops equallyso.
; the size of fruit and abundant
since
for
rammed
it
I
and
"J.
MoD.
next
light soils,
firmly.
years
covered over
the mulching to the depth of Ij inch with sods
and garden soil,and sowed
in drills successions of Turnip
POISONOUS
FUNGI.
Eadiahes, Early Dutch
Turnipi, and Onions, but no other
in two or three
Having
noticed accounts of largeMushrooms
underneath
the dressing
bottom
vegetables. The hard manured
and
Jotibnal of Hobticultuke,
of the last numbers
of The
of earth justsuited such root crops, and never
have I seen
them better,but not large in size. I took care
to have
all having gatheredseveral in an old pasture adjoiningthe vicarage
mensions
dithe
of
them,
one
grounds, I had the curiosityto measure
crops oft the Peach border by the Ist of September, in order to
follow : Diameter, 12 inches ;
were
of which
allow the solar rays to penetrate the border,and assist in ripenas
ing
I have gathered
the young wood for the next year'scrop.
height,7J inches ; and weight, 1 lb. 6 ozs.
several in the same
The wood produced in the second
ring or circle,but none of them, I think,
in character and
year was
hke the young wood of an Apricotthan Peach
hardiness more
quiteso largeas this.
diments,
As many
wood. The trees were studded over
with fine triple-eyed,
speciesof Fungi are used as food,or rather as conshort,
and accidents arise in consequence, it may not perhaps
stubby shoots,and there was not a singlerobber shoot on any
to be
treatment
of the trees.
The fruit were
be out of place to give brieflythe medical
of a very large size. I measured
ing
of them, and the followingwere
a few
their dimensions
one
adopted in the event of poisonousFungi being eaten. Vomitas
should be excited as quickly
possibleby a solution of
one
EoyalGeorge Peach, 11 inches io circumference,
lOJ inches,
A dose of castor oil or croton oil
10 inches, and several
in fact,the remainder
one
were
all sulphateof zinc or copper.
what
is
better
a largedose of
still,
from 9 to 9i inches each.
Of Noblesse there were
should be administered,or,
several from
the aperient has taken effect,
9i to 10^ inches in circumference.
spiritsof turpentine. When
small but repeated doses of ether, or ether and opium, should
My treatment during the first year I repeatedyearly. When
the border wanted
mncilaginonefluid.
water I gave a thorough watering. Previous be given in some
to watering
I went over
the ground with a large-pronged The symptoms producedby these substances are illustrated
The

most

bearing wood

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

since

tised
adopted the foregoingtreatment, which,however, may be pracby many gardenersfor anything I know to the contrary.
I should not omit statingthat I protectedthe roots as in the
of Vines and Vine borders,for I believe the roots should
case
be protected until the crop is set,and not protectingthem at
the most critical periodfor the safetyof the crop causes
many
of the failures of which we hear. Let failures arise as they inay
the many
from
causes
repeatedly stated in the gardening
world,I have been able without the least protectionto secure
splendid crops yearlyfor the eightyears during which I have
I

"

"

86

JOUKNAL

HOBTICULXCBB

OP

GABDENEK.

COTTAGE

AND

[ Angnst

3, 1871.

trnsses ; and
with immense
after eatinga conten minutes
siderable also sent seedlingDavid Garriek,scarlet,
fine in colour.
brightorange scarlet,
Agarions campanulatus by mistake for Mr. Turner Sybil,
awarded
Zonal
in
bloom
the
best
was
for
toJMr.
The first prize
the Agarions campestris,was
suddenly attacked with dimness
dark scarlet ; the second went to^Mr.
of vision,giddiness,
debility,
trembling,and loss of recollection. Mann, Brentwood, for Triumph,
the
snSused with scarlet,
Jules Elyse,salmon
for Madame
Turner
In a short time he recovered so far as to be able to go in search
flowers producedin largetrusses.
of assistance,
but he had
hardly walked 250 yards when his
Bell " Thorpe were
Messrs.
In Double-floweringPelargoniums,
His countenance
again failed him and he lost his way.
Second
memory
againsuccessful with a fine plant of Miss Evelyn, brightrose.
expressed anxiety; he reeled about, and could hardly came
scarlet;
Messrs. J. Carter " Co. with C. Glym, liright
orange

by the followingcase.
number

A man,

of the

articulate. The pulse was slow and feeble. He soon became so

in fine
and third came
Messrs. Downie " Co. with Victor Lemoine
drowsy that he could be kept awake only by constant dragging. bloom, showing also a goodplantof Marie Lemoine.
Messrs.
from
shown
Jackman,
was
six
Clematis
The onlygroup of
of the sulphateof zinc ;
Vomiting was then produced by means
of Woking, who had in tubs plants from i to 5 feet high, and about
the drowsiness
plained
graduallywent oft,and the next day he comthe first prizethat was
These
well deserved
21 feet in diameter.
It appears
from
merely of languor and weakness.
awarded
them, being covered with flowers. The kinds were Rubella,
other cases
that the symptoms are sometimes
those of irritant,
Jackmanni, Prince of
free-flowering,
Alesandrae,
Magnifiea,
very
at others of narcotic poisoning; in most
instances the two
Wales, and Mrs. Bateman.
classes of symptoms are combined.
E. H. Makeiott, Fernhurst
auratum
of Lilium
fine
a
group
Among miscellaneous subjects,
Vicarage.
from Mr. Turner, of Slough ; and from Messrs. Downie, Laii'd,
came
Gold
and Laing a remarkably fine admirably-grown
group of seedling
and Bronze Pelargoniums, together with basketsful of established
ROYAL
SOCIETY.
HORTICULTURAL
"

Eugenie,
Black Douglas,and Imperatrice
as Keine Victoria,
varieties,
AuGrsT
2nd.
well they stand the
lifted from
the open ground and showing how
of the various sections known
Gold and
as Tricolors,
of Balsams, and
weather.
Messrs. F. " A. Smith
sent a fine group
almost
the exBronze, and Golden Selfs,constitnted the principal,
clusive,
Messrs. Bell " Thorpe
Pelr rgoniums. From
Mr. Mann
of Zonal
one
feature of the Show.
Its extent was
somewhat
accordingly
three baskets of Petunia"
purplecame
SingleBeauty, a free-flowei-ing
the Tricolors,
of these, especially
limited,for the rage for some
lection
veined kind of excellent habit for out-dooj- gardening
; also a fine colheld in a tent in the croquet
The Show was
appears to be dying out.
goniums.
Zonal Pelarof double and
of cut blooms
single-flowered
ground, and onlywanted the introduction of a few more
plantsto give
beautiful
Mr. Hooper, Wldcombe
HiU, Bath, contributed
The
diversity.
Eoyal Horticultural Societycannot be said to be stands of Pinks,Carnations,Picotees,and Pansies. Mr. Turner sent
unfortunate in the weather
this year, for the day was
of the
one
fine stands of Carnations and Picotees ; and Mr. Norman, Plumstead,
warmest
have had this season, and the attendance
we
proportionablya stand of twelve new Picotees. From Messrs. Shenton, Biegleswade,.
good.
Flower of Eden, which received a firstcame
a stand of forcing Pink
Prizes were
offered byW. Morris,Esq., Vice-Chairman of the Floral
8th. Mr. Porter,gardener to Mrs. Benham,.
class certificateJune
Zonal or Tricolor
Committee, for the best group of Golden Variegated
Sion Lodge, Isleworth,sent cut Koses, Pentstemons, and Gladiolus.
of not more
than sis seedlingplants.Messrs.
Pelargoniums,
consisting
goniums,
stand of cut Zonal PelarFrom
Mr.
a
Cannell,camo
magnificent
first with Stanstead Eclipse,
Downie, Laird, Sz Laing were
a
splendid
Mann, while cut
also exhibited by Mr.
and a stand was
the young leaves,
the old broadlybanded
bright-zonedkind as regards
Messrs.
shown
by
blooms
of their fine varieties of Clematis were
with brownish black ; Adonis, also finelycoloured,with a well-marked
awarded.
were
Several extra prizes
Jackman
" Son, of Woking.
goldenedging; Decision,broadlyedged with yellow; Flora McNab,
large leaves,bright crimson
zone,
vandyked with dark crimson ;
in the chair.
Mr. Turner with Salt
G. ". Wilson, Esq., F.E.S.
FnuiT Committee."
Blythe Hill, and Brightness.Second came
selected Pea from Laxton'sHill Kival ; Lightningwith a beautiful bright-coloured
zone
; Beauty ; Mr. GUbei-t,of BurghleyGardens, sent a
crimson
bnt the Committee decided that no opinionshould be givenon
Peacock, dark crimson washed with rose and
PELAEG0^'IUMS

bright

Rainbow,

vigorousand bright,and F. Scainton. Messrs. F. " A. Smith sent

and
others ; and
Mr.
Champion very fine in colour, Ma"terpiece,
The prize,
Mann, Brentwood, also exhibited.
likewise offered by Mr.
Morris, for the best plant selected from the class justnoticed,was

Alpha,
Peas

except when

ported
collection at Cbiswick. It was reand Potatoes would be made at Cbiswick
Frisby,Blankley Hall Gardens, Sleaford, sent the

grown

in the

that the trial of Peas

next

year.

Mr.

Mr. Evershed, Mnnof Coral Rock.

old Gvotto Pea under the name
sted Gardens, Godalming,sent three sorts of seedlingPeas, called
Mr.
Evershed's West
Surrey, Munsted Dwarf, and GlossyMarrow.
G. Taber, Rivenhall,Essex, sent au ImprovedEariy Long-podBean,Mr.
Evershed,
Monarch.
Mackie's
the
same
as
which was considered
of Munsted
Gardens, sent specimens of a fine stock of Paris White
obtained by
He also sent fruit of a VegetableMarrow
Cliffs,
white-variegated
Butter, May Queen, white-variegated
; Miss
; Cos Lettuce.
It is a large,
and Mdlle. Christine Nilsson.
second
Messrs. E. G. Henderfon were
crossingthe Custard with Moore's Vegetable Cream.
with a very good,evenly-grown collection; and Mr. Postridge,
Greenegg-shaped,cream-coloured fruit. Mr. D. Piccirillo,of Wigmore
Omon,
Nursery,TJxbridge,third with good basketsful. An estra prize Street,sent four specimensof the Giant Early White Tripoli
way
lU lbs. He also exhibited four of
awarded
Messrs.
F.
"
of
for
was
to
lectionthe aggregateweightof which was
A. Smith,
Dalwich,
a fine colMessrs. Bell "
: and
sent also a, largewell-grown set
the Giant Eocca, weighinglOJ lbs. The New Queen Onion, eshibitea

awarded to Adonis.
Class 3 was for the lest collectionof Variegatedkinds. Mr. Turner,
of Slough, was
first with a numerous
collection nicely grown
and
set up.
them
Princess of Wales, Mrs.
were
Conspicuousamong
Headley,Mr. Turner, Baroness Burdett Coutts,Miss Pond, Albion

Thorpe

of plants,including
handsome
varieties of their own
raising.
many
For three plantsof a Golden Tricolor variety
Mr. Turner
first
was
with Miss Morris,extremely
brilliaut in colour ; Messrs. Carter " Co.
second with Prince of Wales, with largo foliage,
were
broadlyedged
with yellow,and of fine habit of growth ; whilst Macbeth, with a broad
rich dark chocolate and crimson zone,
from Messrs. Bell ": Thorpe,of
was
Stratford-on-Avon,

thii-d.

Messrs.
Nocera.
the same
as
gentleman,was evidently
Potato, which
sent Early Perfection Potato, a handsome
Mr. B. Porter^
it was
to trv in the garden next year.
recommended
The
Gardens, Isleworth "Lodge,sent Eintonl's Early White Don
Bell
" Thorps,
Messrs.
v
ariety.
Potato, a very largehollow-eyed

by the same
Veitch " Son

J. " C.
Messrs.
Stratford-on-Avon,sent twelve sorts of Potatoes.
tato,
Early Kidney PoLee, of Hammersmith, sent Lee's Hammersmith

to be tried in the coUeotion at the

recommended
which was
Cbiswick garden.
Mr. Gustave Couvreux, of Nogent, Haute Marne, sent specimena
In Gold and Bronze
varietiesMessrs. Downie, Laird, ct Laing had
of his secateurs of various sizes. Mr. Tillery,of Welbeck, sent a
the
a handsome-looking Melon, but
with magthe lead,takingthe first prizewith Maril-chalMacMahon,
called Eastwell Seedling,
nificent Melon
sham,
E. Fowler, Esq.,Peterflavour was
The
foliage,broadlybanded with rich reddish chocolate.
gone. Mr. Meakes, gardener to
a
Gem
Scarlet
Melon,
fine
fruit
of
be
desired
fine
sent
two
Ingram's
t
hat
could
as respects
Surrey,
plantswere everything
growth
For

the

best

SilverTricolor

Ronsby. From the

Brooke Bridges.

same

Mr.

exhibitor

Turner
came

was

again

also Miss

firstwith

Pond

and

Mrs.

Lady

netted,but
Melon, beautifully
Kev. C. P. Peach and P.eine Victoria, lighterin colour of large,handsome, deeporange-coloured
Esq.,Blankney
The
fine.
second prizewent
to Mr. Keelei*, it was
not ripe. Mr. Frisby,gardener to H. Chaplin,
ciently
not suffibut
were
of
fruit
they
Messrs.
E.
G.
sent
son
HenderHall, Sleaford,
Apricot,
Shipley's
Nursery,for Conqueror,
very good.
and Mr. Cannell,of Woolwich, also exhibited goodplants.
Knight, of the Floral Nurseiy,Hailsbam,
ripe. Mr. William
self was
The best GoUlen-leaved
Golden Circle from Messrs. E. G.
sent a dish of a seedling Pencb, raised by George Darby, Esq.,of
" Son ; the second best.Golden Gift, from Mr. Turner.
Henderson
Markly,Warbleton, Sussex, called Knight'sMarkl" Admirable. It is
It was
Uxoval, with a large nippleon the apex.
The best Silver-eilged
was
largeand somewhat
BlushingBride from Mr. Pestridge,
ripe. The flavour is
now
in a ponl bnnsi-, anil was
perfectly
The second prizewent to Mr. E.
with,however, a dark zone.
bridge,
grown
Mr. Laurence,
Peaches.
other
and
to
for
Miss
Brentwood,
There
early
Postans,
rich,
superior
Kingsbury.
were, however, only p rticnlarly
and

colour.

zone,

were

also very

Beckenham

Prunua
t'ar.kuvrt." BisbcipSimmer, Finuli.im Castle, siut fruit of
Black
kinds were
Mr. Turner, of
or
Apricot. Mr. Chnrles Turner, of Slough, sent
Ivy.leaved
Mr. Eivers,
size.
of
of
large
and
Mr.
three
buuches
Gulden
the
Gra|.e8
Chamiii-iu
was
Willsii,
splendid-coloured
valuable collection of ten varieties of
of Sawbridgewortb, Rent
a
Macintosh, of Hammersmith, who was second with three finely-grown
on
Corylus Brborescens,
nil grafted
Thi-aii were
Filh.rts and Nuts.
Ivy-leafshown at the last meeting.
plantsof the large-flowered
CorjluaarFor the best Nosegayvariety
and therebyindneed to a bub t of remarkable fertility.
in bloom, Messrs. Bell " Thorpe were
first with Charles Dickens, rosy scarlet,
received bv Mr. Kivers from Booth, of Hamburg, many
with magnificent trusses of borescens was
It forms a
hiilf-staudards.
stock
for
m.iilas a
Ii is now
bloom ; Mr. Cannell, of Woolwich, being second with his livelyroseyears ago.
hearer. The varietieswere :" 1,Red
Master
Christine. Messrs. Bell " Thorpe largetree,and is a prodigious
coloured,free-Soweri^g

these two exhibitorsin this class.

The

only two

Slough,who

exliibitors of
first with

liasy.arpa,

Aogast S,

JOURNAL

1871. ]

COTTAGE

AND

HOETICULTDEE

OF

GARDENER.

87

bead ; 3, Pnrple gracefully

high overhead,cannot failto impress lovers of such
filbert,a graftedbead ; 2, White Filbert,a Rrafted
a
of its dignityand grandeur. Nor is this
head ; 5, Dwarf Prolific,
plants with a sense
Filbert ; 4, Knight'sLarge Cob, a grafted
is Corjlnsalgeriensis
is much
;
head ; 6, Atlas Nut, a graftedhead (this
all,for as one glancesupwardsthe beauty of the foliage
grafted
fifteen
to
from
twenty nuts); enhanced
the clusters are
often large,coiitainiug
by the effect of the lightplaying upon its upper
a grafted
Gordon's
Thin-shelled,
h
ead
8,
Lambert
of
its
a
;
the
texture
Filbert, grafted
7,
exquisitedelicacy
surface, and thus revealing
head ; 9, Fertile de Coutard ; 10, Coaford Nut.
and colour, which last is heightened and rendered all the more
Plums.
The
dishes
of early
offered for the best single
Prizes were
strikingby the contrast of the deep red midrib standing out so
LoxMr. Douglas,
from
bast were
ripened,
Early Green Gage, finely
boldlyalong the under side of each leaf.
from
Mr. Porter,gardener
ford Hall Gardens
; the second best, Morocco,
This magnificentplant is by far the finest of its kind I have
to Mrs. Benham, Isleworth.
it hardly has its equal in this
I should
suppose
offered for the best collection of Gooseberries, seen, and

Prizes were
liliewise
showing
4welve fruitsof each variety.Mr. Turner, Slough, was first,
The
second place was
lessthan seventykinds in fine condition.
no
taken bv Mr. G. Sharp,gardener
to W. Martin, Esq., Shermanbury ;
the third by Mr. Beach, gardenerto C. J. Herries,Esq., Sevenoaks.
Whitesmith, and
Mr. Sharp had some
very fine fruit of Ked London,
took the
Londoner
of our acquaintance
"Caroline. An unsophisticated
first-named for Plums ! For the twelve heaviest fruitMr. Sharp was
with
"
second
Mr.
was
Beach
Eubesin," green, and
.againfirst with
Green Overall.
Mr. J. Fraser in the chair. The noveltieson
Floeal
Committee.
Picotees
of new
A good number
this occasion were
not numerous.
certificates viz.,
had first-class
were
shown , and of them the following
and
Miss
Ada
Mr.
Plumstead,
Ingleton,
irom
Ingleton,
Norman, of
Beauty of Plumstead ; and from Messrs. Wood " Ingram,of Hunting-don,Delicata Charles Williams, Esq.,exhibited by the former,and
Messrs.
Miss Fanny Ingram by the latter,
had second-classcertificates.
ling
exhibited several very beautiful seed'Somerset,
-Kelway,of Langport,
varieties of Gladiolus, of which Hogarth,Oberon, and Pictum
of
Co
Carter
"
Messrs.
High
(received first-classcertificates.
for Golden Tricolor Prospero,
Holborn, had a second-class certificate
certificate
was
givento Messrs. E.
beautiful in colour ; and a special
"G. Henderson
" Son, for a collectionof these varieties. A certificate
was
likewise awarded to Thomas
Laxtou,Esq.,of Stamford, for Jewel,a
double variety.Mr. Guildford,gardener to E. Tiyon,Esq.,had a
most
improperly
first-classcertificatefor Coleus Tryoni,which was
The
admitted.
leaves,we are inremoved before the publicwere
marked.
and beautifully
"^ormed,are singularly
"

"

country. Edwaed
"

Lxjckhukst.

COVENT

MONOPOLY.

GARDEN

he had
two years ago a gentleman tellingme
Garden, for which he
sent a quantity of Cherries to Covent
received very poor returns ; so, as he happened to be in town
shortlyafterwards,he took the opportunityto visit the market,
to
and there,to his great surprise,he found that the man
and
his fruit had been consigned had both a wholesale
whom
he sold my fruit to
retail busines?, " So," said he, " of course
himself at the pricehe paid me, and afterwards to the public
I

at

KEMEMBEE

high retail prices."E.

"

METROPOLITAN

FRUIT,

FLOWER,

AND

MARKETS.

VEGETABLE

A sPECi.iL
meeting of the Market Gardeners, Nurserymen, and
held on July 2oth at the Bedford
Head,
Farmers' Association was
of Mr. H. Meyers,
Maiden Lane, Covent Garden, under the presidency
of Covent
Garden
of removing the business
to consider the question
ing,
addressed the meetMarket
Several speakers
to FarringdonMarket.
to afford
and it appearedthat the refusal of the Duke of Bedford
in the market, wherebythey
to the stall-keepers
proper accommodation
of the presentmovement.
In
suffered considerable loss,was the cause
sent
flooded
the
weather
the
water
stalls
were
standing 5 or 6 inches
Mr. Young, of the Milford
wet
Jnniperus
Nurseries,Godalming,
as being a
the ground. Hence
the fruit became
useless, and having been
certificate,
chinensis atu'ea, which was awarded a first-class
on
certificate was
beautiful golden variety.A special
givento Mr. Parker, thrown aside,found itsway to the barrows and baskets of the costerretailed in the poor
it was
in
its
state,
ot Tooting,for a fine example of Renanthera coccinea ; also to G. F.
whom,
half-decayed
by
mongers,
the humbler
creatingdiarrhaa and other diseases among
Wilson, Esq.,for a group of Liliums, includingfine specimensof districts,
first-class
corroborated
received a
One
classes.
who was
L. Fortunei and
Mr. Fraser
L- "Leichtlinii.
by others,said that Mr.
speaker,
had
asked the
of
the
Italian
the
lessee
certificatefor Dracffina Fraseri, with broad leaves edgedwith rose and
Opera
premises,
Eoyal
Gye,
made to Messrs.
A like award was
of the Duke of Bedford
to open the Floral Hall as a fruit
kind.
crimson, a very handsome
permission
the Duke
time
to indemnify
at the same
E. G. Henderson for Begoniamultifiora eleganswith palered flowers, and vegetable
market, offering
firm also sent a
The
the expense of alterations,
and to pay 25 per cent, on the tolls.
same
mot equalin effectto those of B. Sedeni.
against
the
Under
these circumstances
The
refused.
collection of Platyceriums,
dwarf Lobelias,and Pelargoniums ; the
oft'er,
however, was
felt themselves compelledto look
with very pale lilac flowers called market
"most showy of the latter was
one
gardenersand stall-keepers
likewise sent some
had been made
to the Corporaother place. Application
out for some
tion
Multifiora striata. Messrs. KoUisson, of Tooting,
The plans of the prothe site of FarringdonMarket.
posed
Lobelias of various colours,several of them trained
respecting
beautifully
grown
exhibited by Messrs.
small pyramids in the style
in which they were
as
improvementsat the latter place,preparedat the instance of
Mr.
of the City of London, by their architect,
Committee
the Markets
Bell " Thorpe a year or two ago.
laid on
the table,and inspected
Mr.
were
by the meeting.
Saunders, Esq., HUlfield, Horace -Jones,
Green, gardener to W. Wilson
from
Mr.
of
letter
he
had
then
read
received
for a speciee Cyrtanthus, The
Chairman
Bontems,
a
certificate
received a first-class
Eeigate,
the Markets Committee
"from the Cape of Good Hope, and he also exhibited several other of the Architect's Office,Guildhall,stating
"

of rent,
as to the question
plantsof botanical interest. Mr. Laurence, gardener to Bishop were not quitepreparedto speakdefinitely
the
for Ansectochilus
to meet
but when readyto do so they would
ask the Association
Sumner, Farnham Castle,had first-classcertificates
in favour
Mr. Potter,living
at Farringdon Market, was
ordianns,with beautiful deep green leaves veined with pale yellow, Committee.
meat
market
floral and vegetable
closer to the new
of having the new
""andfor an Acineta called sella turcica.
Mr. Eudkiu, Common
lor,
CouncilPark, Herts, market than Farringdon Market was.
Mr. Cunningham, gardener to Lord Ebury, Moor
but no
of the old (Farringand
assured
the
the
last
the
tenants
at
don)
White
noticed
mcjeting,
sent
Verbena
explained
plans,
"again
Lady,
Fairest of
to their
that the Corporation were
market
not antagonistic
Mr. Hooper, of Bath, sent Carnation
made.
award was
be the first to be
The
interests of the old tenants would
interests.
flower ; Mr. Cripps,
the Fair, a pleasing
Tunbridge Wells, Clematis
than in
in
Market
There
w
ith
considered.
area
lavender
a
was
a
Farringdon
deeper-coloured
larger
Maria
a
variety
Meade,
lady
large
aurea
the other suggested
band in the centre of each petal; also Catalpa syringajfolia
site,and if the site between the railwayand the

"with beautiful

leaves.
golden-tinged

"cut trusses of

Verbenas,and
"Zonal Pelargoniums.

Mr.

Mr. William

Cannell sent a number

Paul a collectionof his

of
new

fixed on, the streets in the neighbourhood

market
meat
were
be widened to accommodate
the additional traihc,and the stallkeeperswould have to pay the cost. At present FarringdonMarket
of the Corporation,
as it brought
dead
letter
in
the
hands
almost a
was
new

must

It was
intended to lower the market to a
a-year.
only.-".3.50
cutter
FarringdonStreet,and to do the same with Stonesufficientto carry off the water.
incline
an
Street,just leaving
FOR
BLIGHT.
AMERICAN
the
Aa to rent,he could say in his individual capacity not jiledging
These
I can assure
you form a speedy and effectnal remedy Corporationthat the rent would not exceed that paid in Covent
would
be
able
do
month
he
the
mixture
the
care
taken
not
Within
"when applied properly,
Garden.
a
Corporation
being
thought
Alter further discussion,
a
To one
touch the leaves.
pint o{ paraffinoil,or any quantity to providethe needful accommodation.
was
and fiveflorists,
growers
consistingof five vegetable
that may be required,put in a jara sufficient quantityof soft deputation,
to
Committee
tolls,
Markets
as
wait
the
rent,
to
City
upon
appointed
soap to make the whole of the consistencyof train oil. Apply
future meeting.
with a paint brush to the parts affected. T. J. Hakkison, "c., and to reportto a
of Common
Council held at the Guildhall on
Court
At a special
"'amdon.
said that the question
of FarringdonMarket
July27th,Mr. Bontems
Committee.
The Committtee thought
referred to the Markets
was
of
the
market
and making it a
KEW.
theysaw their way to the enlargement
MUSA
ENSETE
AT
success.
They had soughtinterviews with those interested in
perfect
would
I
To all who have a love for tropicalplants
say, Go
of such a market.
the trade and who knew best the requirements
They
and see the nobie specimen of Musa Eusete atKew, it is quite had soughtinformation from them as to what would be necessary to be
The immense
leaves
the feature of the Palm House
Market to make it suitable for their purpose. The
done in Farringdon
justnow.
who was
from
a friend of
its base,and bending President of the Market Gardeners' Association,
e"t this stately
near
plant springing

PARAFFIN

AND

SOFT

SOAP

AS

REMEDY

them

in

dead

level with

"

"

"

83

JOUEKAL

OP

HOBTICULTUEE

AND

COTTAGE

GAEDENER.

[ Angnst 8, 1871.

that he
his,finding

chairman of the Markets Committee, asked

was
Market, theywonld be happy to receive them.
The Committee had
him if tlie Corporation
conld accommodate
the salesmen
at Covent
set the architect to work
to prepare
det-irableplans,and to submit
He said that the Committee would he
Garden.
them
to those best acquainted
happy to receive from
with what was
wanted, to see if they
the Association any information they were
to give ; and that
disposed
required
any alteration. Then, when theywere
as perfect
as possible^
if they conld provideany accommodation
for them in Farringdon theywonld be submitted to the Court.

GROUND

LEVELLING

AND

PRACTICAL

GARDEN

DRAWING

PLOTTING."

No.

20.

PLANS.

To draw and transfer fip.43 to the gronnd. Draw

line 1, 7, 6 inches ; insert a peg at each point,aa at pointa 1 and 7. On
representing58 feet ; divide it into six equal parts,as 2, 3, 4, each side of the same
19 feet 3 inches,and insert
peg measure
5, 0, 7. The pointsthus found are the centres from which to pegs as at points2 and 6. Again,from the same
pointmeasure
circles.
describe the
10 feet on each side,
Produce line 1, 7, to
and
insert pegs as
points a H ; bisect
5.
at points 3 and
line

with

line

From
the
at
peg
point 1, with a string
12 feet long, trace
There
it is
a.
arc
better to trace the
shown
aa
circles,
by
the thick and dotted
Where
the
lines.
lines traced cut each
other are the angles
of the beds. Keduce
the string4 feet and
trace circle 6. From
centre 2, with astiing
21 feet 3 inches long,
trace arc
c ; reduce
the string4 feet and
From
trace arc
d.
centre
3, with
a
feet
31
string
long,
trace arc
" ; reduce
the string4 feet and
From
trace arc /.
centres
5, 6, and 7
trace corresponding
and circles to
arcs
those
traced
from
centres 1, 2, and 3,
On each side of the
diameter
line E Tf
2 feet,insert
measure
a
peg at each

at rightangles;
where the two
lines
is
each
other
cut
From
4.
centre
point 1, with radius
1 a, draw
arc
a;
from the same
point
draw arc b, aa shown
by radius 1 6. From
"

point 2 draw
and

arcs

shown
by
the thick and dotted
lines. From point3

d,

as

draw
arcs
e
and /;
similar
draw
arcs
from points5, 6, and
4
7. From
centre
the
draw
outside
draw
circle, then
lines 8 9, and 10 11.
On each side of the
line a h
diameter
draw
straightlines,
shown
in
the
as
that is,becentre
tween
the arcs drawn
from centres 8 and 5.
To transfer /(; 43
to the ground. The
diameter of the outside
circle is 82 feet.
Lay line E p, and
"

bisect it,

at

Fig. 43.

angles,with line gh;

centre

with
Bide

where
the two lines out each other is
4 ; insert a peg at that point. From
the peg at centre 4,
41
feet
string
long,trace the outside circle. On each
of the peg at centre 4, on
line g h, measure
29 feet
a

NOTES
IiT a
Flowees

point, as at points
8, 9, and 10,11; lay

Scale 24 leet to the inch

right

AND

line from peg 8 to peg 9, and from peg 10 to peg 11. On each
side of the diameter line g h measure
2 feet,and lay lines
that is,between the arcs traced from centres 3 and 6. The lines
in
are
M. O'Donnell, Bichmond.
Box; b beda ; w, walks.
a

"

"

GLEANINGS.

about
Findeene
SiGisMCND
EucKEE, Esq., one of the foremost Orchidmade
without
82). Inquiry was
growers in this country, is about to give up their culture,and
for their names,
but a correspondent in "Notes
and
his magnificentcollection has passed into the hands of Messrs^
Buccefs
After a careful investigation
The sale
of
Qaeries" writes as follows :
Veitch,and will be disposedof at Stevens'a rooms.
the locality
it
factorily
satiscollection is to
and identityof the Finderne
is
of
the first portionof this extensive and rare
flowers,
ascertained that theyare Narcissus
and will,doubtless, attract
poeticus,a plant take placeon the 8th and 9th inst.,
indigenous to Palestine,and of doubtful nativityin England. purchasersnot only from all partsof the country but from abroad ;
Anna
We
think that this Narcissus,the comthe collection no
Haeeison."
mon
for in forming and keeping up
cost
was
it in
is a native of England. We have seen it wild in
exercised to maintain
Daffodil,
spared,and the highest skill was
the woods and other placesin many
counties.
the best possiblestate of cultivation.

previous volume
(Vol.xvii.,page

were

some

notes

"

"

"

Me.

M'Ivoe, Superintendent of the Cinchona

in British Sikkim, has
Bengal Government
published a lengthy report,of which the followingis an abaThe plantations
situated in the Valley of Eungbee
tract :
are
which
in the Himalayas,about thirteen miles from Darjeeling,
The
seems
admirably adapted for the growth of Cinchona.
less
climate is very moist, being rarelyfree from rain. Neverthethe state of the plantationsia reportedas very unsatiefaotory; the plantshave nothing like the luxuriant foliagewhich

Plantations

W.

G.

of the

"

"

Enumeration
Mr. Thwaites, in his
of Cetlon
Plants,"
says that from the large extent of forest land which baa been
there is
and is now
Cuffee
cultivation,
being appropriatedto
little doubt that some
of the indigenous plants will in time
exist
become
or
exceedinglyrare, it not altogetherextirpated,
only in the Botanic Gurden, into which as many as possibleare
being introduced. The obtrusive character, too, of a plant
brought to the i:"land less than fifty
years since is helping to
elevation of
alter the character of the vegetationup to an
' '

charaoterisea those grown in Southern India on the Nilgherries.

3000 feet. This is the Lantana
mixta, a verbenaceous species
introduced from the West Indies,which appears to have found
to thrive for three or four years at the moat, and
They seem
diseased."
then become
Mr. M'lvor saya that trees of equal in Ceylon a soil and climate exactly suited to its growth. It
of foliage,
thousands
with its dense masses
covers
bark as in the South of India, now
of acres
height do not produce so much
slender growth, and the bark being thinner.
taking complete possession of land where cultivation has been
being of more
of
the
growth
neglectedor abandoned,preventing
any other
(Nature.)
"

90

JOUBNAL

OF

HOETICULTUEE

COTTAGE

AND

GAEDENER.

[ Angust 3,1871.

of new
plantsis so greatthat an annual
they thrive so well on the open ground without such care and
Dahlias
have grown
trial is necessary to beep wbat are reallyacquisitions.
trouble?"
Our reply is that we
Peas in rows
without any staking,but space for space we had not the return
are
growing very rapidly,and will require to be gone over
for when
in quantityand qualitywhich we
obtained from staked rows.
frequentlyto keep the side branches securelytied-in,
left untied
they are readily broken ofi by a thunderstorm.
Then, for dailygathering,the ground had to be trampled,and
Continue
tied
their
stakes.
Pea
and when thus grown and
must
to
more
be
to
the
of
the
injured,
securely
plant
Hollyhocks
dead flowers from Eoses, and give plenty of manure
allowed to spread about as the plants liked,nothing else could
remove
Plant out rooted
the ground ; whilst between rows
be grown
staked up, frequently
water to the autumn-blooming varieties.
on
than the value of the main
more
cuttingsof Pansies,"c., in nursery-bods,in a shady situation,
crop could be taken
keeping them well watered, if the weather proves dry, until off the ground in temporary crops, as Spinach, Lettuces,
they become established. Finish budding Eoses if not already and Eadishes,and if the spaces were fair for width,also Turnips
done ; also layerborder Carnations,Picotees,
and Cloves without
and Potatoes.
how a littleshade in the hottest months
further loss of time.
We instanced lately
tions
did so much
good to Celeryby givingto it the natural condiGREENHOUSE
AND
CONSEEVATOEY.
For
these and similar reasons
it desired.
it will in
to the advantage of the inmates
It will be much
of plant
the
and the bestmost economical
houses to reduce the shading after this time,to enable the plants generalin small gardens be
to keep up Peas by some
mode, whether stakes,
to ripen their summer's
air to keep paying mode
growth, allowing more
In
have
had heavy
cord
lines.
or
hurdles,
our
we
practice
wire,
down
the temperature,and to check any tendency to a second
but they would
and which
growth which may show itself,
can
only take place crops of Peas grown as in a field without sticks,
neither iu yield nor
quality with those staked up,
of next
I havo previously compare
"t the expense
season's bloom.
is
in the
of ground for ground, and then we lost all the intermediate crops,
indicated where a second

"obtained. The number

case
growth
as
desirable,
plants growing into specimens,but wherever a perfect
show of bloom is expected,every means
should be taken to prevent
it. Epacrises,winter-flowering
Heaths, and other things
have
their
wood ripenedearly,may now
be placed
requiringto
in a sunny exposure ; as the wood
is alreadyformed, nothing
remains
but to get it well ripened,and although water must
be
sphere
atmogivenequal to the plants'demands, a dry air and warm
essential to the perfectripening
of the wood, and
are
The difierent varieties
consequent formation of bloom-buds.
"of Epiphyllum,if their growth is sufficiently
advanced, should

young

ease

of

gathering,"o.
FKUIT

GAKBEN.

the work has chiefly

been a continuance of that of previous
weeks, broken in by gathering fruit for preservingon the
two best breezy days, and thus housing it in good condition.
Oar chief defect this year has been in Strawberries,
that did
of bloom, and therefore
not out of doors show the usual amount
send
the
usual
could
for
not
we
quantity
preserving.
Even
for table they are now
becoming thin,though we shall
obtain fair gatheringsfrom those forced and firstturned out.
From
dwarf standard Cherry trees we
have had little
some
Give a shift to Chinese
Primulas
have the same
treatment.
in
but trees againstwalls
and
Cinerarias ; and Chrysanthemums,
Salvias,and other to gather not worth netting, fact,
fruit
fine.
and
the
The bloom on
very
autumn-floweringplantsshould be placedin their blooming- have been well loaded,
but it was
bathed almost
pots if not done previously. A thin arrangement of the pot the standards was as plentifulas usual,
and the bloom nearly all
constantlyin wet or hoar frost,
specimens will be advisable on account of the permanent occupants
fell. The
of the wall and earlier blooming saved
protection
of the beds or borders,which at this season
should be
of
the others.
These are now
gettingthin,with the exception
allowed plenty of space in order to secure
strong,well-ripened
weeks to
such kinds as the Florence,which will require some
wood, for unless this is obtained they will not bloom finely.
fine
and
the
be
a
as
heavy
ripen. Morellos promise to
crop,
STOVE.
them
soon
birds had begun on
as
they showed the least
as
Brugmansias, Clerodcndrons, and other large soft-leaved
of colour,we have had to net them up securely.
change
plants should be frequentlywashed to keep down red spider,
the Currants in this
There has been greatdevastation among
and be well suppliedwith liquidmanure
to preserve them in a
neighbourhood,the whole plant as well as fruit being covered
vigorous state of health. Ixoras which have been cut down
with fly,the plants in many
cases
dying. We had on walls
^or next year'sblooming should have their shoots neatlystaked
though we used the engine
some
plants that suffered severely,
out as theyadvance,and will requireto be placedin more
light
suffered but little,
and tha
those
in
the
b
ut
ground
freely,
open
"and to be kept somewhat
drier,that the gradual ripeningof rains washed the fruit clean. The rains also provided soft
the wood
be assisted. Eemove
Achimenes, Gloxinias, food for numberless
may
birds,so that we have been less troubled
Tuberoses,and plantsof the same
habit,from the conservatory
by them than usual. In dry days we were obligedto gatherEaspwhen
the wane, and replenishfrom the reserve
on
house to
would have had all the ripe fruit nibbled.
or
soon
we
berries,
keep up the display. Pasaifloras will be growing fast,and will These have been
plaints
good with us, though there are many comrequire frequent training. Thin out weak and over-strong
about the thinness of the crops and the smallness of
shoots,and reserve
only sufficient to produce the desired effect ; the fruit in
cases.
many
the blooms will be considerably
finer,and the plantsthemselves
In the dry weather before the rain the birds carried off green
more
capableof producingwell matured wood when these little fruit of
and even
Currants
Easpberries,Strawberries,
Cherries,
attentions are performedregularly.
Various other stove climbers
when
they were
quite hard, and long before they showed any
"aB Combretums, Quiaqualis,
Allamandas, "c., will bloom for a
rain
predations.
dethe
their
but
after
of
theygave up
colouring,
signs
considerable
it the shoots on which the
portion of the summer
A friend
It is as well not to cry out too soon.
flowers are borne are slightly
cut-in when the blooms decay,as
who
grievedover the short bloom of his earliest Strawberries
vourites
anything which prolongs the period of beauty with these fadid better,
and tlius he was
has told us that later kinds never
is valuable.
The above should be constantlypractised. enabled after the forced ones
to keep up a good supwere
over
ply.
The growing season
fore
for Orchids is far advanced, therein
like
break
but
do not
We
a
gathering,
nevertheless,
encourage
plants with plenty of heat and
any backward
from
for four
after Strawberries have been in use
forcing
moisture while this can
be safelydone. See that plantsgrowing
think that those from the open ground
months, we sometimes
blocks and in baskets are
"on
properlysuppliedwith moisture
would be more
valued if there were a littleinterval between the
at the root ; to prevent any mistake handle
every plant at in-door and the out-door gatherings. Perhaps there was never
least once
a-weeb, and immerse those found to be dry in tepid such a difference in the yieldof the different kinds of fruit
water until the material about their roots is well soaked.
than has been apparent in different parts of the county this
W. Eeane.
Some friends tell us that they have had abundance
season.
and they have had a poor crop when
where we
find scarcity,
WEEK.
LAST
DOINGS
OF
THE
A friend in DavonsLire informs us
have had abundance.
we
next
to a failure ; here they
that the Cherries on walls were
GAEDEN.
KITCHEN
have been unusuallygood, though Cherry trees as small bush
We
Of this we
have said enough in recent weeks' notices.
next
to a failure,
though for
sowed Eidishes,Turnips,Onions,Lettuces, Spinach,
Cabbages, standards,as alreadystated,were
Could
note and
missed
we
a
and a sprinklingof Cauliflower.
crop.
years they never
We staked Peas, the last for many
of such various results,
and causes
this season, and lined with soft cord some
that were
bearing registerthe circumstances
In the case of fruit,
useful information.
and gettingbeyond the protecting
sticks. A gentleman we might gain much
Sieavily
a heavy
all the difference between
said to us the other day, " While the best earlyPeas are grown
very littlewill often make
in fields for feeding purposes, and even
of the best new
crop and no crop.
some
DEPAKTMENT.
ORNAMENTAL
Mnds
thus grown
are
in fields,
how is it that yon gardeners
to be seen bat at its best,
Oh ! for a nice little lawn, never
make so much to do about sticks,
Peas up when
and bolstering
Here

"

"

JOUENAL

Anguat 3, 1871. ]

HOBTICULTUEE

OF

AND

COTTAGE

GAEDENER.

91.

New Yorl." TFAoZcC. L. AUen " Co.,76, Fulton Street,Brooldyn,

can
rarely
die.
Crocus,Lilies,
Tulijis,
Gladiolus,
oj Hijacintlis,
in time at the beginning sale Catalogue
conld
lawns growing healthily
as this,
again. In snoh a season
not be kept neat unless gone over
every four days ^three days
TO
CORRESPONDENTS.
would have been better. The labour involved in beeping a
*
*
to any of the
We
requestthat no one will write privately
.jf
lawn
is
and
and the
where labour is restricted,
large
enormous,
of the " Journal of Horticulture,
Cottage
correspondents
lawn almost constantlymade
a specialobjecton
every change
and
so
Gentleman."
doing
they
By
Gardener,
Country
of company,
"c., other things must be neglectedor be put ofi
trouble
and
All
to
are
unjustifiable
expense.
subjected
long after they should have been attended to. It is not without
to
communications should therefore be addressed solclij
that we advise all who wish to have everythingneat and
reason
The Editors of the Journal of Horticulture,
("c.,171,Fleet
comfortable to be moderate as to the e:^tent of short grass, as,
London, E.G.
Street,
and
it is
in
most

instead

of

be gone

over

large reaoh
in time

of

to

gronnds,which
pleasure

commence

"

the whole,

on

the

expensive thing

garden,

"

Books
Geography."
small piecewell kept is more
(C. L )." Blackwoods'
attractiveand pleasing
than ten times the space if it can
(G.). All fruit for exhibition at the Royal
only be kept indifferently. Pears for Exhibition
Committee
Horticultural
meetings should be addressed to Mr.
Society's
because it is a grovtingevil to have
We make
these remarks

after all

"

largelawns

without a proportionateamount
of labour to keep
them well. We have no objection
to fifty
or
acres
a hundred
in short grass if the labour is proportionate,
and
or much
more
the grass is reallywell kept,and without involvingthe necessity
of

neglectingother things. Fiftyacres

in

rough

state

A. F. Barron.

with certainty name

cannot
Peas (C. M.]. We
Those sent appear
to be Prizetaker.
"

Ml.
JOINTS
(.Delta)."
friars Road, London, S.E.
iNDiA-EnBBEK

Vegetables

foe

Exhibition

Peas

from

(J.ioel:)." They

pods only.

Street,Black-

T. S. Truss, Friar
should

bo

clean, but

If Potatoes liftclean they should not be washed

not necessarily washed.
;
will not yieldthe pleasureof one acre well kept.
must
not be scrubbed
or polished.
We find,with all our attention to heightsin the flower garden, if not, they should be, but they
opaca
Fronds
Shrivelled
Lastrea
(J. Fuller)."Jaisiaa from the
will
be
a Utile tying and
plants
as
some
training
necessary,
frond we think the shrivellinghas arisen from a sudden check, owing to
have grown more
than usual,and others,as Scarlet Geraniums, dryness of the atmosphere, or it may have been caused by a forced
development. From the length of the etipes we should say the latter i"
"c., have grown less,owing to the coldness of the soil. These
We have known
it do well in a shady position in a cool greenhouse,
Geraniums
with us are
not showing the massiveness that they the cause.
Place it
the

nearer
and kept regularly supplied with water.
glass,
last season, notwithstanding
its dryness,and as yet the
are
not
Such occurrences
and keep it moister, shading from bright sun.
of bloom are not at all equal. On sandy lightsoils the
under
the most favourable
circumstances, and plants exhibiting thee
rare
under similar conditions,
will in another season,
as yours
same
tendency
of bloom have been more
mark.
Our
masses
to
the
nearlyup
be quite healthy.
Calceolarias have never
been better.
Verbenas we have pretty
ExMOUTH
Magnolia
not
Thriving
{An Amateur). You give us no
well discarded,as for several seasons, however
vigorous and
that it is planted out in
data to form
an
opinion by, but we
presume
fine the plants,we rarelysaw a bloom on them, the buds being rich, rather strong loamy soil,and has good drainage and a sheltered
south
south-west aspect*
or
or
wall
with
is
a
a
off
against
position,
planted
nipped
every night by four-footed intruders. This season
Under such conditions it ought to thrive,water
being given plentifully
have suffered chieflyin this direction in Eoses and blue
we
in dry weather.
Mulch with cow
dung, and add some
peat and leaf soil
Lobelias. The fresh snoots, and even leaves and buds, of the if the soil be poor, or sand if it is very heavy.
former are nipped off,and the latter stumped in to the ground,
not
Unheated
Vinery
You
do
Vines for
(Idem)."
say where
you live,
the bitter juiceof the shoots acting,we presume,
ing
ment
but south of the Tyne, and not over
300 feet above sea level,the followas
a condicold
in
house
:"
Saumur
Frontignan,
a
ripen
perfectly
Early
Grapes
or
for otherwise one would think it could not
a medicine,
Early Smyrna Frontignan, and Sarbelle Frontignan (these have small
be pleasant. It is rather singular that in some
this
places
berries and
bunches, but are desirable on account of the Frontignan
LobeUa is stamped in as above, whilst in other placessimilarly flavour); Chasselas Vibert, Chasselas Royal, Royal Muscadine, Foster's
White
delta Marmora,
Buckland
Sweetwater, and
Seedling, General
exposed the blue wreaths are left untouched.
Black
White
Remain.
These
are
white or amber-coloured.
Grapes
We cut down and pruned back Pelargoniums that had been
are
de Magenta, Frankenthal,
:" Trentham
Black, Gros Colman, Due
hardened by exposure after blooming, and put others pasttheir Black Champion, and Black Hamburgh.
best in the open air to harden them off. In wet weather it is
Peach-tree
Management
{Idem). The trees being planted as maidens,
well to turn the pots on their sides. Many tender plantswill we conclude they were headed-down
shoots. Select one as
and have made
a leader,and
dispose of the others as side shoots, allottingan equal
do well in a sheltered place out of doors if the pots are protected,number
to each side, say two on each, selecting the strongest and best
and the heads kept for a littletime from the fierce sun.
situated,rubbing off all others,training neatly and securing them to the
As alluded to above,we made cuttingsof Pelargoniums,which
If any laterals appear,
for the shoots
to swell.
wall,but leaving room
In February cut back
out their points at the iirst leaf or leaves.
will do very well in the open
air,but better still in a cold take
the leader to five eyes, and the side shoots to one-third their length,
frame
under
all
Pinks
or
of
and
a glasscovering. Slips
pit
Pruner""
Peach
or
cutting to a wood
triplebad. Brehaut's "Modern
Cloves may stillbe inserted. Some varietiesof Mule Pinks are
gives full instructions on Peach-tree pruning. It may be had free by post
from our office if you enclose 3s. Sd. with your address.
ing
growing flowervery pleasing.Stirred the soil in which were
Dipping
Solution
for
Pelargoniums
{Thomas Gee). Quassia chips
plants in pots,and surfaced with fresh compost. Potted
in a gallon of water and then strained will,when
boiled for ten minutes
ing.
Fuchsias,Balsams,and feathered Cockscombs for late flowercooled, form an excellent bath for Pelargoniums ; a quarter of a pound of
of
tion,
transiWe regulatedtwiners,and in the presentstate
quantity. It is usual to add soft soap, but
quassia chips is the proper
as we
that,it should be borne in mind, is not suitable for plants with soft hairy
are
sadlyhampered for room for plants,smoked an
as
admirably for those with smooth
leaves, though it answers
leaves,^
earlyvinerybefore placinga lot of plants in it,as there was
Roses, Fuchsias, "c. We use tobacco water for Pelargoniams, Cinerarias,
on
room
justa signof thrips
a few leaves,
so as to give us more
cfi
a
and
half
similar
softwooded
gallon
plants, pouring
Calceolarias,
for a few weeks, when other places will be readyfor receiving boiling water on 1 oz. of the strongest shag tobacco, covering up closely
answers
It
strain
it.
the
to
tillcool
then
and
stand
we
liquid
allowing
;
them.
perfectly.
Were it not for interfering
with the symmetry of the beds
Thinning
Oranges
[Inquirer). It is a good practice to thin the fruit
would soon
we
begin propagatingfor next season's display,but
of the Orange as well as those of other fruit trees,but not until the fruit
the small cuttingswe
took off last year in September are now
The more
is of the size of a marble.
thin,the finer will be the fruit
you
both in size and quality,
strong,bushy plants,and showing bloom prettyfreely. We
fear we shall be obligedto adopt a similar treatment,and take
about IS inches high may flower io
RiciNDS
(Mem)." The plants now
Planted out
September, but it is likelythey will not flower this season.
small cuttingsfrom the base of the plants; but from what we
in September,
in a sheltered situation they would have a fine appearance
stated in the spring,and what we
have observed
since,such
should keep them
we
but considering the advanced
period of the season
shaded cuttingswill not be likelyto yielda profusion
of bloom
in pots for the conservatory. The flowers are not showy; the leavesBO earlyin the season
taken from partsof the plant give the plant its decorative appearance.
as cuttings
prepared
Edging
Tiles
Laying
(Amateur)." Ihe great fault of many
more
ever,
howexposed to the sun and air. To attain this object,
edging tiles is that they have not sufficient base on which to stand, and
without at all spoiling
the outlines of beds,there ought to
to remedy this we have occasionallyput in a brick on the flat underneath
be a reserve
side
and also for gathergarden for producingcuttings,
ing
them to it with cement ; but this is also liable to subthem, and secured
narrowif the soil is not very firm, stillnot to such an extent as when
cut flowers,
the latter are greatlyin demand, the
as, when
have
common
We
some
in
the
inserted
tiles
are
ground.
merely
taking them from beds robs these so far of their brilliancy.edged
done
bricks that have
duty as edgings to shrubbery walks for upwards of
We have had no such reserve
fixed in
as yet. R. F.
twenty years, and yet look tolerablywell,the ground they were
being firm, and it is only where the roots of trees or shrubs have heaved
gonally"
laid in diathem up that there is anything to complain of. They were
RECEIVED.
TRADE
CATALOGUES
put in adjoining'
i.e.,with an angle up ; but where edgings are
of
of ground kept dug, it is difficult to prevent the nnevenness
plots
General
Eollisson " Sons, Tooting,London.
Catalogueof which you complain. If your edging material is narrow
W.
at the bottom, it
So.
and
Plants,
Trees,
laid
Shrubs,
Bedding
to
bricks
mechanic
fix
the
tiles
to
to
a
Stme, Greenhouse,
Hardy
handy
would be best
employ
chanics
underneath, especiallyif the line be a straight one, but as a rule me(2568to. pages.)
at a curve.
Should this method
are not good hands
Autumn
appear too
Catalogueof
H. Cannell, Station Road, Woolwicli.
the ground
? expensive,
know
of nothing better than firmly lammlng
we
"c.
Pentstemons,Calceolarias,

did

masses

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

Fuchsias,
Pelargoniums,

JOURNAL

92
before fixingthe tiles,and

by digging too

after that

OP

being careful

HOETICULTURE
not

to disturb

AND
them

the

nse

may

clear water

from

the

Diseased
Vines
(W. S.)." It appears to us, from the leaves you have
Vines have had too much
sent, that your
water, and probably some

[ Angast 3, 1871.

hand-glass.

Peaph
Tree
Fruit
Casting
its
{T. G.)." The dropping from imperfect
ing
stoning was most likelyowing to an imperfect fertilisation at the bloomthe
same
tabes
thing sometimes
period,though
pUce when a tree is
to leave an
of
insufficient amount
over-vigorous. The growth seems
be managed
witii
vigour for stoning perfectly. Hence, watering must
at the second swelling.
care

liquidmanure.
New
Show
Roses
(J. O. S.)."The best six exhibition Roses which
have been produced within the last three years
opinion^
are, in my
la Baronne
de Rothschild
de Lyon ; 3, Madame
1, Madame
; 2, Perfection
Chirard ; 4, Edouard
Morten; 5, Loais Van Houtte ; 6, Marquise de
No. 5 is the finest dark
Mortemart.
Rose, but it is not, I fear,a good
two
No. 6 is also a delicate grower,
hut is lovely. I mentioo
grower.
others that are good Roses and fair growers"
7, Duke of Edinburgh, and
both
handsome
8, Dupny-Jamain ; they are
Roses, and all are freefour
The
first-named
bloomers.
Roses
delicate
strong growers;
are
growers will not last long in this clim^te," W. F. Radclyffe.

Flde- HEATING
A
Small
GREENHOUSE
(U.)."The proposed earthenware
drain pipes will bn ample for your purpose,
but you will require to have
at least 2 feet from
the stove or furnace brick, to prevent breakage. In
the sides and one
end of such a house, it is best to take the
going round
pipes into a square place instead of having rounded
pipes for the corners,
of these
as each
receptacles would enable you to clean the flues
square
to these
ware
eartheneasily by placing a tile on it. The great drawback
heated,
pipes is that they are
apt in such a small place to become overand the pipes or jointsto burst.
For such a small house as yours
would
of your
we
prefer, instead
pipes,a small furnico
outside,and a
the flue being covered
5-inch flue beneath the floor,
with tiles as the floor,
or
rather part of it. lu your
would advise
case
we
you to have a lap for
of
than
of
rather
inch,
and to glaze in the
more
an
one-eighth
glass
your
usual
the hous*
roof is very flat indeed
Unless
will not be
way.
you
troubled
with drip from
the laps. True, you
might place your squares
need nothing
edge-to-edge without laps, and if straight-cutyou would
between
whatever
the squares
in
place the squares
you
; but whether
be room
left for the side-expansion
or
not, at the sides there must
grooves
of the glass,or the squares
will soon
chip where they join edge-to-edge
on
in the grooves
the slope. You may
with cord, list,
pack the squares
do it in the best way, we
"c.. but you cannot
fear,without infringing
patents, and therefore for your small house we would say, Glaze in the
usual way.

Cutting
down
Jerusalem
Artichokes
(H. S.)."If you cut ofi'the tops
of these at the middle of July at 1 foot high they will produce tubers, but
these will be considerably smaller than were
the plants not headed down
at all. It is advised by some
to cut off the stalks about half way early in
August to admit moro
freelythe light and air, and when large tubers are
not wanted
preferred to
doing so gives a nice even-sized
tuber, by some
large, knotty, irregularshaped tubers, and not nearly so watery. We
have known
the tops cut off three times in a season,
and fresh shoots
cate
Btill produced. The Jerusalem
Artichoke is almost as difficult to eradias
the Horseradish.
Trellis
Climber
for
Covering
a Low
(A Nezo Subscriber)."It would
in a short
be best covered with Ivy, which
close
forms a verv
covering
which
The Irish Ivy (Hedera Helix
time, and affords warmth
you need.
canariensis) is free-growing and fine,but we
should plant Rsegner'sIvy
some
(Hedera Ksegneriana). Procure at once
strong plants in pots and
plant them out, watering well if the weather be dry. The plants would
become
well ectabliahed before winter.
Virginian Creeper, and also Amto forget that they lose their
pelopsisVeitchii,would suit,but you seem
leaves in winter.

(J. S. C)." " In * clampiug ' your

eased
disin sorting out the
careful you
have been
may
beginning to turn bad will certainlyhave been
The
overlooked, and these will propagate the evil throughout the mass.
will be lost if you
thus
At
this time of the year,
store them.
whole
will
ot
have
the
most
at
the
liberty
bays
barn,
or
especially,
likely
you
cattle -feedingand other sheds
Carefullysort the Potatoes,spread them
out thinly in the twilight of the bays of the barns or sheds, and have
and
a-week.
Those showing the least sign
them looked over
turned once
of the disease should ha collected and boiled down, with about a handful
of salt to each
be well
bushel, aud used for the pigs. Let the water
Should
than
the
fr "m them when
cooked.
there be more
strained away
within
a
reasonable
time, have the bulk well rammed
pigs can consume
into the hog-tubs, to be used as wanted.
In a month
down
or
so the crop
be
above
considered
of the tubers
as
safe, and
operated upon
may
I would
far prefer storing
unless 'clamping' is absolutely necessary,
there is twilight,so as to
them
in lofts, or any cool and dry place where
the
winter's
and secure
from
frost, I
have
them
under observation
to be
not allow
them
courage
would
heaped toRether too thickly,so as to enlong and exhausting sprouts; and thus managed capital seed
next
be expected of them
spring. The
largest and most-matured
may
be sorted
for consumption, miy
as taken
tubers,should you require them
in a dark
as
ones
they occur
place,and the diseased
up, then housed
their bulk most
be kept
singled out from them as stated ; but, of course,
in the
some
dark, for if allowed to become
greened they would be unwholefood.
I trust the later-plantedeleven
acres
for human
may
escape
the disease,and this is possible from the favourable change which has
When
taken place in ihe atmosphere.
lightningand thunder, and * white
'
matured
rain occurs
just as a crop of Potatoes is sufficiently
viz.,about
settingthe skins of the tubers, the energies of the foliageare then taxed
to a degree
it more
to the utmost, and
which makes
possibly weakened
sultry
susceptible or the attacks of the disease,and then a continued
the
fatal. Dryness and
moist
atmosphere bee mes
ridge-and-trench
system of cultivatingthe Potato are the only preventives of the evil,as I
have for so many
pastes, but at the present
years explained in these
I have
moment
satisfactoryproof of their efficacybefore my eyes.
Fenn."
Robert
Storing

Diseased

Potatoes

Potatoes, however

rotten ones,

Cabbage
Plants
Blind
of the Cabbage, Brnccoli,
(TT.i.)." The cause
and others of the Brassica tribe coming blind is some
defect in the seed ;
but blindness does not result from what is known
as bad seed, being more
frequent in true selected stocks than in impure samples. There is no
of guarding against such occurrences;
morie
but in planting out all the
Cabbage tribe tbeplants shonld be examined, and those not having centres
should be rejected. The evil is apparent when
the plants have made
three rough leaves or never.
Stavesacre
(rdem)." It is the seed of Delphinium
Staphisagria. Dr.
the seeds of
Hogg, in his "Vegetable Kingdom," says, pace 18, '"From
or
Delphinium Staphisagria,
Stnvesacre,an alkaloid substance called delphine is extracted, which exerts violent poisonous properties in very
small doses, acting chieflyon the nervous
system. The seeds of the plant
to be administered
nally,
interare
so violentlyemetic
and cathartic as never
kinds
of cutan'^ous
but are principallyapplied to some
eruptions,
and in powder for destroying
A strong tincture
the pediculiof the head.
in rheumatic
has also been used with advantage as an embrocation
tions.
affecIn some
countries the seeds
used to intoxicate fish in the
are
as
same
manner
Cocculus
indicus."
If you
try the s^eds along with
quassia chips for destroying insects,as stated at page SSii of last volume
6i The
Journal
of
Horticulture, we should be obliged if you would
communicate
the result.
Falling
Cheilanthes
elegans
Fronds
{A Constant Subscriber).
The fronds
are
always liable to breakage at the base, and in your case
this tendency is increased
by the temperature 60") in wbich it grows,
Place it in
the footstalks being long and
unable to support the frond.
the
an
airy and but slightly shaded
position in a greenhouse. Water
Ifclant
well,but do not keep the soil in a saturated state,and besides giving
abundant
the sizes
in lumps between
drainage, add one-fourth sandstone
of peas and
consist of two parts
walnuts
to the compost, whirh
may
sandy peat, one
part loam, and one part silver sand, with the sandstone
aTsove named.
"

GAEDENEB.

rooted.
The layering may
be done in pots sunk in the ground, and the
shoot tied to a stake.
Clematises
also be increased hy cuttings of
may
when
the side shoots in summer,
they become
firm,or about August,
putting them in in lightsandy soil on a shady border, and covering with

near.

Tbees
Fruit
(J".F)." No donbt you
tank with advantage to the frmt trees.

COTTAGE

"

some

that

are

"

"

The
Ferns
Treatment
of
Importf.d
Ferns
(Trfem)."
you are expecting
should
be placed on
arrival
in pots just sufficient
from the West Indies
to hold the roots, using a compost of two
parts peat, one
part yellow
loam, and on" part silver sand, with good drainage. Place them in a
with a temperature of from 60" to 65*^ at night, and 70" to 75" by
bouse
Sprinkle
day, with a rise of 10" from sun heat, shading from bright sun.
lightlyoverhead morning and evenins, and frequently sprinkle the path
a moist
and other surfaces with water during the day, so as to maintain
atmosphere. Water so as to keep the soil just moist, and when the Ferns

begin to

grow

water

more

freely.

Screen
(An Ignorant Amateur)." The quickest way to
a Hail way
erom
trench the ground two
between
get a screen
you and the railway is" first,
although you may havo to disturb the few trees you
spades deep, even
soil is the
best of the Fir tribe for your
have already planted. The
will succeed
Austrian
Pine, which
wt-ll,and you may
plant thickly as
will ran
Black Italian Poplars, which
nurses
up rapidly,and which
you
cut out after the Pines have
attained the desired height.
The Pines
to be more
not
than
2^ to 3 feet high when planted, and you will
much
more
find that these will make
a screen
rapidly than largerplants,
before they
which in all probabilitywould remain stunted for some
years
can

ought

CcLTuaE
Croton
vahiegatum
(Idem). Use a compost of two parts
sandy peat,one part lightturfyloim, one part leaf soil, and half a part of
began to grow.
charcoal,in lumps from the size of a pea to that of a hazel nut, and silver
state of
Insects
can
judge from the smashed
(R S.)." So far as we
sand, with good drainage. The watering shonld be moderate, and copious
to be Nematus
sent, they appear
the insects
Capre-oj,one of the many
Pot
in
before
to
the plant is growing freely.
it begins
when
spring
grow,
Cannot
species of Saw-flies.
you tell us something of their habits?
It requires a light,modemtely
and
again in June or July, if necessary.
{T. F.)."Your caterpillaron the Pear was completely smashed, but from
airy position in a house with a temperature of, from April to October, what
remains
it seems
to be that
of the common
Vapourer Moth, Orgyia
60" to 65" at night, and 70" to 75" by day, with a rise to 80" nr 85" with
antiqua. {R. O. N.)."The insects sent, which have attacked your Vines,
65"
to April a night temperature of 5d'^to 60", and
sun
October
; from
sulcatus.
the common
"c.,
are
They
Cucumbers,
Weevil,
Otiorhynchus
from
A
heat.
moist
sun
by day. with a rise of from 10" to 15" or more
the
loose
earth
hide under
out to feed after dusk.
by night, and come
botanical name
of the
The
atmosphere is essential for free growth.
time
after dusk,
a towel
under the plants and shake them well some
Lay
is
Plant
Pilea
muscosa.
Artillery
when
the insects will fall on
the cloth,looking like bits of earth,with
water
at
Asparagus
Guano
for
Liquid Manure
(TF.P., .^spfiraj/us)."
their limbs folded up.
They may be killed with boilingwater." I. O. W.
paragus,
for Asis an
excellent manure
the rate of 1 oz. to the gallon of water
Names
Plants
of
(LadijKing). It is a very beautiful variety of Acer
For
the Asparagus you
and, indeed, all kitchen-garden crops.
have never
before.
we
seen
Pseudo-Platanus, which
(A. 6.1. Nostoc
it ot the strength of 2 ozs. to the gallon,and add 1 oz. of salt
may make
an
on
not
a fungus, very
common
dry exposed surfaces,
Alga,
commune,
till
to every
gallon,giving a good soaking as often as you like from now
the
is very pretty under
The
structure
scarcely visible except after rain
if the
the earlypart of September, and up to the middle of that mouth
of your
microscope." M.J. B. (A. R.). Melilotus arveusis is the name
weather be dry.
that
of
the
Fern.
and
(Manyellow-flowered Trefoil,
Hypolepis repens
Leaves
Vine
Rusted
(A Constant
Reader). The leaves enclosed to
wish to be very correct, StrobiRuellia maculata, or, if you
vioiith)."!,
not infested
are
with
red spider,but slightlyrusted, othprwise they
us
licvigata.
lanthus
maculaius.
a
shy-hlouming plant; 2, Cassia
very
are
quite healthy. Having the red spider on the upper part of the Vines, (J. D.)." The leaf of some
umbelliferous
plant,not recogni-ed at sight.
it is very likelythe lower part will be attacked.
Be good enough to send when
it blooms.
{W. D.l. 1, Malva Tournefortiana ; 3, Campanula
Clematis
Propagation
pusillaalba ; 4,Achillea Millefolium
; 6. Statice
(TT. S.)." The surest way is to layer the firm
shoots in September, and by the following autumn
Limonium;
6, Gentiana
asclepiadeaalba; 7, Epilobium Lirsutum.
they will be well
"

"

"

"

"

"

SeedThe
(C. A. J.)" ErythrseaCentauriam.
grass is Poa compressa.
The noise is inseparable to the
linR Lobelias come
quite commonly.
up
as
ronstructpd.
machine
(C.iJ.S.). Your bulb is a Tulip. (Hang-down),
zebrina.
(A. E.). Rhus Cotinus.
Cyanotis vittata,or Tradescantia
"

"

93

GAEDENEE.

COTTAGE

AND

HORTICULTUBB

OP

JOURNAL

August 3, 1871. ]

1. M. Merkln, Driffield. 2, W. Chater,

2,S. Holmes, Sunderlandwick.

Turkeys."

Young.

Driffield.

O.
Potilts."l,

Docks
(Aylesbury)"! and 2, O. A. Young. Ducklings."I, R. Smith, jun.
2, O. A. Young.
2, Mrs. K. Stabler. Ducklings,
Ducics
(Rouen)." 1, Miss Jordan, Eastburn.
!, O. A. Young.
tails),
(Carolmas and PinDucks
(Any other variety)." 1 and 2, E. W. Richardson
Call Ducks). BttcWiTiflS.-!,O. A. Young (White
fe, O.A.Young i(White
Call Ducks).
PIGEONS.
Extra
2, R. P. Moon.
Croppers.
1, H. Adams, Beverley.
Extra 2, H. Yardley.
Birmingham.
Carriers.-!, R P. Moon.
Hull.
" Thompson,
1, R. G. Sanders, Leven.
Jacobins.c, Davis
" Thompson,
he, H. Adams.
!. Davison
Fantails.
1. H. Adams,
he, H. Yardley.
Tumblers."
he, H. Adams.
Ba'-bs.- 1, H. Yardley.
Extra 2, J. W. Rawlinson.
Nuns."
1, H. Yardley.
Any
Variety."!, H. Adams
(White Dragoons). Extra 2, H. Yardley
other
(Blue Owls) ; R. P. Moon (White Afric in Owls), he, E. Youll, Sunderland (Blue
TuTbits). c, J. Noble, Driffield (Trumpeters) ; F. Hickson, Driffield.
3, F. Hodgson.
Class."
(Jacobins).2, H. Adams.
Selling
1, E. G. Sanders
he, H. Adams.
EABBITS.
Any
Breed."!, W. Donkin, Driffield. 2, T. E. Lunu, Hull, he, J. Humphry,
Driffield, c, A. Donkin, Driffield.
"

POUJiTRY,

AND

BEE,

PIGEON

CHRONICLE.

"

EGGS.

HATCHING

"

similar to one of
Ik the Journal of July 27th I found a case
forward you an aooonnt.
now
Geese are secured at night until the
The house in which our
for them, contains
goslingsare so largethat there is not room
end three compartments, in which the Geese lay and sit.
at one
old
boards
together,and have
They are made by nailingsome
In
entrance for the Geese, with a door fallingover.
a small
of these a few weeks ago a hen desired to sit,and on June
one
and Mr. E. Hewitt,
Mr. W. Boalton, of Beverley,
The Judges were
The hen sat well
14 th I received a sittingof Houdau
eggs.
of Birmingham.
she left her nest in the morning
until Sanday, Jane 25th,when
as
usual,about half-pasteight,to take refreshment. After
SHOW.
POULTRY
LISKEARD
doingso she tried to return to her nest, but could not, and the
[From a Correspondent.)
found
sittingin another house on some
next morning was
held at Liskeard on
cold ; and though she was
at once
The
iresh eggs.
Her own
third annual show was
July 27th,when
were
and the exertions
of the entries,
until nearlyevening. The
the delightful
not all warm
quality
weather,superior
put on them, they were
of
number
visitors
and
increased
(upwards
trap-door must have been closed when she left her nest,but of a good workingcommittee,
of three thousand having paidfor admission to the grounds)combined
She was
ofi her
she could push it open, and thus got out.
it a decided success.
make
to
had
half
the
time
sat
ten
hours, and
eggs at least twenty-three
first
The winner
of last year'scup was
first and best.
Game were
But out of the remaining
I expected no chickens.
days. Of course
or other
and second with good birds well shown, also firstfor Hennies
aster),
one
sixteen (shehaving broken
previous to the disbeing a
fowl suitable for table purposes, Hennies
Game
white-legged
she hatched no less than fourteen chickens,all of which
of regretthat poultryshows
of this district. It is matter
speciality
as
are now
doing well. S. G. Witcombe, Broadleaze,West Coker, have not improved the qualityof fowls in the same
proportion
Yeovil.
size,and this remark
or
equallyappliesto exhibition cattle,
quantity
with
is
combined
size,
found
all
coarseness
roots, "c., as in nearly cases
not the
that the largestanimals and birds are
and it is well known
AND
PIGEON
SHOW.
DRIFFIELD
POULTRY
No
to see a very largefowl at table ; the
cares
most profitable.
one
not
this
Show
the
the
Asiatic
We
to
of
of
breeds,
snccess
was
and
are
lanky form,
year's
glad
say
dented,
unpreceyellowskin,largebone,
invalid as our
the visitors flocking-in
from
all the neighbouring
districtsat
or
of either epicure
provingso temptingto the appetite
white
skins
an
proved old Sussex or EnglishGame
breeds,with their delicate
earlyhour. The weather,contraryto general expectation,
fine,and everyone seemed well satisiiedwith the generalarrangements. and plump forms. Of course
this does not applyto the Anglo-Malay
The
There is one rule,however,that would, if cancelled,add much to the breed known
in the show pens.
Game
prizeDorkingswere
as
interest felt in the Pigeon division of the Show, for by the present very superior.Bantams
were
good throughout. The Sellingclass
contained some
arrangement every exhibitor of Pigeonshas to providehis own pens,
notably a pen of Brown Red Game,
good specimens,
Ducks
in the Show.
the birds cannot
to equal advantage by the
be seen
consequently
which gained the prizefor the best pen of poultry
of greatmerit,the first-prize
Judgesand the public; but the mixed character of the baskets,some
were
pen being claimed at five guineas.
The
the
Tumblers
and
close wicker-work,some
work
of
and
same
were
Of
Carriers
perfection.
material,
some,
open
Pigeonsthe prize
Tavistock.
again,wire,givesa mixed appearance anythingbut pleasing.
awards were made by Mr. John Callicott,
The
Mr. Boyes, of Beverley,
Game
with a
fowls were
for table purposes).-1,J.
magnificent,
and other Whiie-lenged(Suitable
Game."
Hennies
Anil variety." 1, 2, and
The
narily
he, R. Martin.
Reynolds, Redruth.
2, H. B. Love,
Spanish were also extraordistrongentry,sweepingthe board.
he,H. Edwards.
Diploma, J. Reynolds.
3, H. Bro\vn, St. Austell,
well-bred
and we noticed a few
which I

"

"

good,

The

fancy Water Fowls

were

well

exceedingly
from
represented

Ptarmigans.
ponds of Mr.

the

few pens of White

Hichardson, of Meaux
Abbey,Beverley,and some
Call Ducks, from Mr. Young, of Driffield,
also much admired.
were
Mr.
first-rate Almond
Harry Adams, of Beverley,exhibited some
were
Tumblers, and the Pigeonsgenerally
good, the Owls and Dragoons
being better than those commonly met with,
DoHKiKGS."
1. D. "White, Driffield. 2. E. W. Kicharason, Beverley. Tic.O. A.
Hall.
Cock. ' W. Botham,
Peirse, Bedale
; Mrs. Beresf ord
Driffield, c, E. Smith, jim.,Norton, Mallon.
Chickens "1, D. 'White, he,K. W.
Richardson.
Spanish."
he, Q, Holmes,
1, R. Smith, jun. 2, T. C. " E. Newbitt, Epworth.
Driffield.
Cocfc "1, T. C. " E. Newbitt.
he, D. Maynard, Driffield.
Game
(Black-breasted and other Reds). 1 and 2, "W. Boyes, Beverley, c, G.
Holmes.
Cock.
1, W. Boyes. c, O. A. Young.
Game
(Any otlier variety}."! nnd 2. W. Boyes. Cock."l,W. Boyes. Chickens,
"1. W. Pierce,Driffield. 2, R. Smith, jnn.
Cochin-Chika."
Cock."
1, W. J. Peace, Driffield. 2, G. Blakey. Kilham.
V E. Dawson, Beverley, c, O. A. Young ; F. Winter, Oriffield. Chickens,
1, R. Dawson,
he, W. Leason, Driffield : R. Stabler,Driffield.
Hamburghs
(Golden-3pangled)"l.T. Holmes, Driffield. 2,G.Holmes, ftc,H.
Naylnr, Driffield. Cock
1. G. Holmes,
he, -T. Anderson, Malton.
Hambobghs
Cock."l, H.
(Silver-spangled)."
1, H. Holmes.
2, T. Holmes.

Younff, Drifaeld

"

"

"

3, Lady Vivian. Glynn, Bodmin.

1,i, and he, E. Burton. Truro.
Liskeard.
2, H Edwards.
1 and Diploma. S. Harris, Cusgarne.
8, Withheld.
J Dennis, Liskeard.
2, C. White, Liskeard.
2 and 3, E. Burton.
Cochin
or
Brahma.1, S. Harris.
Miss
S.
Harris,
Murray.
2,
! and 3. J. Beard, Par Station.
e,
Polish
S, S.
Hamburghs.
!, C. Marshal], Liskeard.
Special and 2. S. Harris.
he, Lady Vivian.
Richards, Truro,
2, F. Bul! and 3, J, Pearson, Liskeard.
P. Callicott.
Bantams.Dorking."
Spanish."

Malay."!,
"

"

t.

Special,

Helston.
Selling
Class.-!
(Bro\vn Red Game).
(Dorkings). Extra
more,

Liskeard

the Show, E. Clagg,

m
and prize for best pen
3, E. Burton
(Black Eed Game).
2, H. Hart, St. Austell
Liskeard.
he, W. Yeliand, Liskeard
3, T. Moorshead,

(Aylesbury).
(Aylesbury).3, G. Oliver, Bodmin
2, s. Harris
Oliver. Liskeard. 2, J. Burrows, Liskeard.
and
1
Tumblers."
2, E. Burton.
E.
Burton.
1 and 2,
PiGEONs.-Carriers.
Any variety."
2, R. Courtney, Liskeard.
Fantails."
1, J. Lord, St. Blazey.
(Love
1. J. Deacon, Liskeard
(Jacobins).2, E. Burton (Runts). 3, J. Lander
Turbits).
Docks.-

1 and

Turkeys.--!,

M.

"

"

Fkom
that the

"

Holmes.
Hambobghs
1, H. Holmes.
(Golden-pencilled)."
2, T. Holmes,
c, R. WUson,
Malton.
Cocfc." 1. H. Holmes.
Hamburghs
C. Holmes,
Driffield. 2, H. Holmes.
(Silver-pencilled)."!,
Cock."l, H. Holmes.
Hamburghs
(Any variety)."
O. A. Yoang,
Cftfcfeens.-l,
2,T. Holmes,
e, A.
Marshall, Driffield.
Faemyaed
Caoss."
Malton.
!,W. Homer,
2, Miss B. Robinson, North Frod.
he. G Brnmby. Pillwood,Oottingham. c, R. P. Moon
ingham.
; T. Coverdale,
Dunswell
; H. Merhin, Driffield
Miss B. Robinson.
Cocfc."!,
2, J. W. Stabler,
Driffield,
he,J. Wales, Nerth Frodingham. c, G. Pounder, Kirbymoorside.
Bantams
ftc.W.
(Game) "1, Pickering " Duguleby. Driffield. 2, C. Holmes,
E. Stabler, Driffield;
A-dams, Ipswich: Miss
T. C. " E. Newbitt.
Cock."
" Wood. Driffield,
1, Holmes
he,J. D. Maynard, Driffield, c, Miss J. Stabler,
Driffield ; T. C. " E. Newbitt.
Bantams
(Any other variety).1, Nicholson " Holmes, Driffield (Black).
(Black), c, G. Leason. Driffield(Black). Cocit.- 1, W. G.
2, T. C. " E. Newbitt
Pardon, Driffield (Blackl.he,G. Ho'mea
(Black).
Cocfcs.- 1, R. Loft, Woodmansey.
Selling
Class.2, W. Boyes (Brown Red
Game).
(Golden-spangled
Hamburgh),
3, C. Holmes
he, Miss B. Laycup,
G. Purdon.
W.
Hciis." 1, T. Young
Driffield; R. Wilson, Malton;
(Black
Spanish). 2, R. W. Richardson.
3, G. Wilson
he, R. W.
(Dark Brahmas).
iUcbardson
; O. A. Young ; R. Loft ; T. H. Trieg, Driffield ; W. Homer,
c, C.
T.
"
Newbitt
Holmes
R.
P.
Moon
W.
J.
Peace
C.
E.
(2);
;
;
O. A. Young,
Geese.-!.
Boslini/s.-l, Mrs. J. S.
2, T. Croft, PJuckham.
Hall.
Jordan. Elmswell
2, 0. A. Young,
he,Mrs. D. Robinson, Swaythorpe ;
Mrs. Kirby, Driffield
"

the prizelist of the Liskeard PoultryShow, it will be

class a first prizeto his
Judge awarded in the Bantam

seen
own

He
also
name.
of course, entered in his own
awarded
to the Secretary,
simplyadmittingthat he gave
a first prize
allhonourable
to
calculated
i
s
disgust
his services. Such a proceeding
and that an authoritative opinionmay be givento parties
exhibitors,
I should be glad if you would expose the affair.
to the proceeding,

birds,which

"J.

were,

L.

HASLINGDEN

POULTRY

SHOW.

held on July26th. The were

Exhibition was
The seventh annual
about three hundred pens of poultryand Pigeons. Several classes
The
petition
comallottedto chickens,of which there was a fine show.
were
The prize adult
for Hamburgh chickens was
very keen.
were
remarkablyfine. Cochins and Brahmas were good. The
/Spanish

Hamburghs were very good. The

Golden and Silver-spangled
contained six remarkable pens, all worthyof
class for Golden-spangled
forward and very proThe chickens were
first position.
generally
mising.
a
worthy.
the most noteand Blacks
were,
perhaps,
Golden-spangled
and
class Golden Folands were
first,
In the Any variety
firstin the Selling
Sultans
second. A good pen of Bufi Cochins was
but the prizepens
not numerous,
were
class. The Game Bantams
adult

OF

JOURNAL

HORTICULTURE

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

[ Angast 3, 1871.

dition.
rather deficient in conof them were
some
for Any other varietyof Bantams, the best
time
Blacks
second.
for some
were
Whites we
first,
seen
good
choice specimens
The Pigeonclasses were
many
very fairlyfilled,

from Mr. Greenwood

; the second to a fine Rabbit from Mr. Eawstron.
Mr. S. G. Hudson's
doe would have come
oil better
highlycommended
had she escaped the very heavy rain that continued
the whole of the
morning, and beat rightinto the Rabbit pens, wettingmany of them

competing.

through.

first-class,
thongh

"were

In

the

class

have

Of Himalayans the entries numbered

and
or
2, W. A. Taylor, Manchester.
CtnTJamon."l
eight,but some
CocHiN-CHiNAs."Bi'Jf
very poor
Bridge.
near
Biimiiigham; H. Lacy, Hebden
he. J. WiittB, KiEp's Heatb.
specimens were shown.
1 and
Any other Variety." -l,W. A.
Chickens."
2,E. Leech.
/tc,W. A.Tavlor.
The
other varietyclass was
small ; the first prize went to a
Any
E.
Leech.
and
C.
Leech.
Chickens."
2
E.
ftc,
Sidg1,
Taylor (Partridge).2,
nice little yellow and white Dutch, the second to a fine BelgianHare.
wick, Keighley (Partridfre).
1 and lie,H.
EEAHiiAS."
tacy.
2, H. Beldon, Goitstock, Bingley. Chickens.
jA:irEs Boyle, jun., Blachbuni.
Rochdale.
7ic,T. A. Dean, Moreton-on2, W. A. Taylor.
1, J. Asbworth,
Lngtr, Hereford
; J. Ashworth.
W.
H.
Moss
Mills.
2.
Rochdale.
D.
Kinp,
DoEEiKGS."
GeUatly, Meiple.
1,
Chickens." 1, E. Leech.
Rochdale.
2, W. H. King.
ESTON
he, J. Stott. Healey. near
AND
NORMANBY
CAGE
BIRD.
PIGEON,
he. W. H. King ; J. Stott.
Fowi,b."
1. H. Ecldon.
French
2, J. K. Fowler.
AND
RABBIT
SHOW.
Chickens." 1,J.
(Black)" 1 and 2. C. W. Brierley. he, H. Beldon.
Spanish
G. LluUigan, Sprinjifield,Belfast,
2. W.
he, H.
Walker, "Wolverhampton.
{From a CurrespondcJit.)
Wilkinson, Earby, Skipton ; Clews AAdkins, Walsall ; N. Cook, Chowbent.
This
Sliow was
held on July 29th. Tbonglithe entiies were
not
1 and 2, C. W. Brierley.
Cock.~l
and 2, C. W. Brierley. Cock (local).
Game."
"1
and 2, Morris
" Wood,
Aecrington. he, R. Holt, Loveclough, Crawshawescelleut specimens.
they inclnded some
very numerous,
hooth.
Mr.
f
ormecl
show
a
in
Pigeons
themselves,
Yardley
entering
largely.
Bantams."
2. J. R. Robinson, Sunderland,
he, T.
Game
1. G. Hall,Eendal.
Any
In Carriers the winners were
Blacks, and were decidedlythe best pair
Cock."l and he, T. Sharpies. 2, J. R. Robinson.
Sharpies, Eawtenstall.
Asbton, Mottram
(Black), he, 3.
other VaTictv."l, H. Beldon.
2, S. " R
hare seen
in the north this year.
A good pairof Duns was third.
we
Edenfleld
K.
Halifax
Pinfold.
(White).
(Black)
Hckles,
Walker,
;
of the bii-ds evidently
Fautails were
a fair class,many
going into
Skipton.
'S"-!^Bv:RGns."
Golden-pencilled"1, H. Pickles, jun., Earby, near
Chickens."
The winningTurbits were
he, H. Beldon ; T. Wrigley. Middleton.
moult.
2, S. Smith, Nortbowram.
Blues,good in colour,hut somewhat
Lane, Keif;fhley: H. Beldon.
1 and 2, T. Wrigley.
he, J. Thornton, Airworth
Red
first
too largein body. Mr. Yardley's
Jacobins were
easily
Chickens." I, J.
BAMBviiGns."i)ilver-2}encilUd."l,
2, and he, H. Pickles,
in
their
and
in
the
Barbs
and
claimed
class,
were
H.
day.
2
H.
Morton
Banks.
early
Beldon.
Smith,
and he,
c,
Keigbley.
Smith, Earby.
H. Beldon.
2. J. Fielding, Newchurch.
The
first and
B.A'2iBURGiLS."Golde7i^spavgled."'i.,
Trumpeters call for no specialremark.
second-prize
chester.
ManSilsden ; H, Pickles ; N.Marlor, Deuton, near
he, H. Beldon : J. Newton.
both
In
the
tirstand
Owls were
Pouters,
foreignWhites.
second-prize
2 and he. N. Mai-lor.
Chickens." 1, H. Pickles.
birds were
Whites, the winning cock being in spltuulid
he, J. Fielding
condition,and
2. H. Beldon.
Hambueghs."
1,H. Pickles.
"i7'yt'r-aiJrtHfl'?"'rf."
G. " J. DuckT. oi-th.Church." Chicktvs."l, J. Fielding. 2, G. ". J. Duckworth.
of good length in limb and feather. The winning Nnus
beautiful
were
he, T. Fawcett, Eaildon, near Leeds ; G. aiitchell,Keighley.
birds ; and Black Magpies stood at the head of their class. The '" Any
?ic,C. W.
"/acfr." 1. D. Lord,
Hambueghs."
Stacksteads.
2, N. Marlor.
"
Newchui'ch.
Chickens. 1, C.
variety class seems
to have puzzledthe Judge, for we much
Brierley; H. Hoyle, Whitewell
Bottom, near
preferred
/tc,C. Sidg^vick; S. Cox,
Sidgwick. 2, Stott " Booth, Huntley Brook, Bmy.
Mr. Yardley's Spots,and pens
170 and 171, to the second-prize
A. Taylor.
Stacksteads
; W.
; E. Brierley, Heywcod
class contained some
Dragoons. The Selling
cheap birds of fair merit.
TiraEEYS."
2,J. Houlker, Blackburn.
1, E. Leech, Rochdale.
There
also a good displayof Rabbits and
Geese."
was
1, J. K. Fowler, Aylesbury.
2,E. Leech.
CarjeBirds. The
BvcKs."
J?ouen."l, J. Newton, Silsden.
Aylesbury." 1 and 2. J K. Fowler.
well arranged,
but the time for openingthe Show anything
pens were
2.H.B.
2 and he, E. Leech.
Anv other Taruiy."l, C. W. Brierley. Middleton.
bnt
satisfactory.
(East Indian), he, C. W. Brierley ; H. B. Smith
Smith, BrooklandB, Preston
PIGEONS.
(Shelldrakes).
Carriers."
c, W.
1, E. Harrison, Darlington. 2, H. Yardley, Birmingham,
Vakiett."
1 and he, H. Beldon.
Any
other
2, G. Anderton
(White Sultana).
J.T.
Tavlor.
A.
E.
Leech.
Travis,
Selling
Class."
W.
2.
/ic,J.WattH;
Wcanlnle.
1,
Taylor.
Northallerton.
2, J. F. Loversidge, Newark.
Fantails.
(Black Spanish).
Eochdale (Brahmas) j W- Wilson. Crawshawbooth
I, W. Eearpark,
vhc H. Yai-dley.he, T. C. Tavlor, Bliddlesbrough. c, R. Harrieon.
PIGEONS.
ToREiTS."
2, J. G. Dunn, Newcastlc-ou-Tyne. he. H.
1, R. Wilson, Thirsk.
Leeds,
Harowood,
Caeriees."
he, J. Stanley
1, H. Yardley. 2, E. Homer,
Yardley ; W. Eearpoi-k. c, T. C. Tavlor.
Blackburn.
: T. Waddiugton,
FeniscoTvlcs, near
Salford, Blackburn
he, B. Wilson.
Tumblers."
Sdorf-r'ncciJ."l.W. Eearpark. 2. H. \.nTfnev.
Tumblers."
he,H. Yardley ; J. FieldI, F. Moore, Eui-nley. 2, E. Homer,
Co?7i"io;i." 1, W. R.
Middleabrousn ; T. Hclmsley, Lackenby.
e, J. Robinson,
ine. jnn.. Rochdale
; E. Horner.
2. T. C. Taylor.
and H. O. Blenkinsopp, Newcaatle-on-Tyne.
E
J.
he, H, Yardley ;
Babbs."
2, J. Stanley,
Fielding,jun. ;
1.E. Horner.
he, W. Eearpark; W. E. " H. 0.
jAcnEKS"
1, H. Yardley. 2. E.Wilson,
J. Stanley.
Bomer;
c. W.
Taylor, Weardale.
Blenkinsopp.
ing,
J.FieldJ. Ashworth, Blackburn;
Owls."
1, H. Yardley. 2, E. Homer,
/ic,
!", W. K. " H. O. Blenk.nsopp. c, W.
B"EBS,"1, H. Yardley. 2, E. Wilson.
jun.
Tavlor ; T. C. Taylor.
1 and 2, E. Horner,
Ceoppees."
he,T. Waddington, Fenniscowles.
2, H. Yardley.
Owls."
1, R. Wilson.
Fantalls."
1. J. S. Loversidge,Newark.
2, B. Yardley.
TauiiPETERS.1,J. Cundale, Ripon. 2, E. Wilson.
Tdebits."
1,J. Fielding, jun. 2, H. Yardley. he,W. Kitchen,Fenniscowles
T
E.Wilson;
PuCTEEs."
2, H. Yardley. he, R.Harrison;
1, W. Bearpark.
E. Homer.
C. Taylor.
T. Chamley, Black
Deaggons."
1 and 2, T. Waddington.
he, H. Yardley;
he, E. Wilson.
H. Yardley.
2, W. Bearpark.
NuKS.1,
burn : J. Stanley.
Magpies."
2, W. Bearpark. /ic,H. YOTdley.
1,J. Cundale.
Tlumpetees.
1 and 2, E. Horner.
Newcastle-onAny
VABiETr."
1,W. Bearpark (Blue Dragoon ). 2. J. G. Dunn
Jacobiks."
1, E. Homer.
2, T. Waddington.
R.
he, E. Harrison
; W.
; R. Wilson ; J. Cundale
Tyne
(Yellow Dragoons),
he, J. Stanley.
Antweeps."
2, R. Brierley, Fisbpool, Bury,
1, E. Homer.
c. T. C. Taylor.
and H. 0. Blenkinsopp.
T.
H.
W.
E.
Horner.
Any
Vabiety."
Yardley.
Kitchen;
2,
he,
1,
othee
iind 2, T. C. Taylor.
Sellixg
Clabs.-I
Waddington.
Dobson. York,
2.
Rabbits."
1, W. Wilson, Middlesbrough.
Any
Variety
LojJ-i'nrefZ.
(Local)."1 and he,W. Kemp, Haslingden. 2, J. Brown, Crib2, W. Donkin,
g.
Himalai/an."l, T. Moore, Normanby.
Keltleweli, York.
deu End, Haslingden.
2, C. Anton.
Angola." 1, G. Kobinson, York.
Driffield.
S, A. H. Easten, Hull.
Easten.
York.
3, A. H.
2, J. Irving, Blackburn.
Rabbits."
Gravil, jun., Theme.
Span fs/(."I,C
Doncaster.
Thome,
Avgora.
1, J. Butterworth, Eochdale.
he, H. Cawood,
he, H. Cawood.
Himalayan." ^ and 2, J. Butterworth.
2, A. H. Fasten, Hull,
H^den
SHOW.
Bridge.
bilver-Grey.-'i. S. Greenwood,
2, A. L.
/iC,A. H. Easten.
POULTRY
BLACKBUEN
he. S. G Hudson,
Pull.
Any otltcr Variety," l-aniL 2,
Kawstron, Haslinpden.
the most summerwas
S, G. Hudson
which this was held (July'27th),
(Dutch Rabbit and Belgic^n Hare.
The
on
"

"

"

"

"

".,

"

"

"

"

"

day

Judges.
Poultry mid Pigeons: Mr. T. J. Cliarlton,Bradford; Mr.
S. Fielding,TrentliamPark. Pabhits: Mr. J. Boyle,Jan.,Blackburn"

throngedwith
have had this year, and the groundwas
we
ranged round two sides of a large
visitors. 'The pens, which were
Grey Dorkings did not showfield,gave the poultry
plentyof room.
mostly in deep moult ; but the Dark
to advantage in fact,they were
Messrs. Brierleyand Beldon
Uralimas were very good. Of SpanisJi,
In Game
showed three pens that would stand well at any show.
fowls the noted pens belonging to Mr. Brierley carried eveiything
of
were
and
Buff
both
Partridge-coloured,
before them.
Cocliins,
the strongfeature of the
classes were
great merit ; but the Ramburr/Ji
the
of
these
breeders
Blackburn
Show, the districtbeing the home of
beantiful varieties. All the classes of Duels "aeie as good as could
arrested by the exhibition of
be desired .and publicattention was
Whistling Ducks, Shovellers,Teal, Mandarins, Labradors, and a
like of any

"

class for Palhits,bat

Two
years ago Haslingdenonlyoffered one
five classes, and succeeded in bringing
at their last show theymade
of entries in comparisonto the show of last
the
number
double
up
shown
ment
singly. In my measureyear, through simply having them
of the Lopa I shall give the fair and honest length and width,
not with the

inch,and

in

some

cases

li inch,usuallyadded by

most

to
judges. This being the first time I have acted as Judge,I mean
start what I hope every other Babbit judge in the future will do, and
I know
of many
of
the
who
the
measurement
real
Lops.
onlygive
a Lop, of course
and present
have begun the Babbit fancy by purchHsiug
thinking few other well-shown breeds. Geese,too, were perfection,
what
they had bought it for,but, to their disgust,in numbers, but not a single
to find it measure
entry of birds of this year'shatch for the
threw up entirely.
The classes
found it deficient an inch or m("re, and consequently
for
birds.
three
old
Titrlcey
prizeswas made, and only
said
but trust what little I have
this subject,
on
I will say no more
well filledwith the choicestf
to birds bred in 1871 were
devoted entirely
and
this
be
that
should
the
the subject to be well sifted,
will cause
doubt be heard of
of which will no
of many
the successes
specimens,
is the desire of more
fanciers than myself.
The
case
ones.
few of the chickens were
early-hatched
as very
hereafter,
doe
The Lop-earedclass was
throughout
very fine. The first-prize
we
and
congratulate
Committee
most anxious to oblige
were
everyone,
Tortoiseshell
the
doe,
was
aecoud,a very promising
21j^inches by 4J;
them on their well-deserved success.
"was
21g inches by 5. The highlycommended
pen of Mr. Cawood, 21f
2, J. Eobinaon, GarstangGrfu
DoRKisGS.1,J. Stott,Healev, Rochdale.
T7/ii(.-."1 and 2,J. Robinson.
Any colour." Cock." 1, T. Briden, Earby, Slnptonby 5, was good in ears, but a very small Babbit.
first prizewent to a small but
2. J. Robinson.
but moderate.
The
Angoraswere
Hcbden
1
he, H. Beldon, GoitH.
Bmnii*
and
Bridge,
PooTRA."
2,
Lacy,
from
Rabbit
from
Mr. Butterworth. the second
to one
good-woolled
stocU
U in ''lev.
"

condition ; for this I should

Easten, a largeRabbit, in very bad

freer use of the comb.
a much
prescribe
Mr.

were
Silver-Greys

nixie entries. The

the

largestand
first prizewent

"

best class in the Show

to

.,

Middleton. Mancbcsler.
1 and 2, C. W. Brierley,
"-'.C. W.
Cock.
1 and
and 2, C. W. Brierley'.
Game.-I
PerriQ, Nantmuli, Clicahire.
Cochin-China.
2, E. Leech, Roclioalo,
1, H. Lacy.
Spanish."

; there

were

large and well-silvered doe

"

Windsor,

Belfast, Ireland.

-.

-.

,.

..

)ie,H. Beldon.
Brierley. he, W.
,

"

he,".

"

H.

"

Green,

Augnst 3, 1871. 1

JOURNAL

HORTICULTURE

OF

AND

Silver2, J. Roliinson.
Golden-pencUled. 1, H. Beldon.
Beldon.
/ic,J. Robinson
2,0 Robinson,
; B. Bee, GomBnargh,
J.
Goldeitrspanfiled."I.H. Beldon.
he, H. Beldon;
2, J. Robinson,
Newton, Silsdcn. Leeds.
~1, J. Robinson.
2, H. Beldon,
Silver-spangled.
"laclc."l, J. Robinson.
2, C. Sidgwielc,
Keighley. c, C. W. Brierley.
Bantams."
1. S. " R.Ashton, Roe Cross, Mottram, Manchestev.
2, H. Beldon.
he,H. B. Smith, Brooklands, Broughton, Preston ; G. Hall,Kenslal ; G. Anderi;on,Accrintrton.
CREVE-CCE0R."
1, H. Beldon.
HouDANS."
1, W. Hibbert.
2, F. H. Green.
Ant
other
Variety.
1, H. Beldon.
he, H. Beldon
2, G. Anderton.
; J.
Robinson; T. Wiikefield. Golbom, Newton-le-Willows
: J. Ivltchen, Blackbnm.
Geese."
1, S. H. Stott,Preston.
2, E. Leech,
c, J. Honllter, Kevidge, Black,
HAMBTTRGHg.

"

"

pencilled. 1. H.
"

Preston.

"

bum.

TiTiCKS."Ajjlcsbury."l, E. Leech.
's.
1, T- Wakefield2, S. H. Stott. Rouen."
J. Scotson, Little Byrom.
he, S, H. Stott.
Lnwton, Newton-le-Willows.
Labrador." 1. A. " J. Trickett, Waterfoot, Manchester.
2, H. B. Smith, Brooklands, BronghtoB, Preston.
Any other Variety." 1, C. W. Brierley. 2, H. B.
Smith
(Mandarins),
he, H. B. Smith (Shelldrakes) ; S. " R. Ashton, Roe Cross,
Mottram, Manchester
; S. H. Stott : C. W. Brierley.
Tos-"EYS."
Blackburn,
lie,J. Honlker,
J, E. Leech.
2, J. Cunnmgham,

Revidge, Blackburn.

GARDENER.

COTTAGE

class. Ducks
exhibited.

and Qeese

95

good,and

were

nice lot of young

ones

was

SingleCode class,and there was a

Grey Dorking
mendation.
bird, but he only received a high comvery rakish-looking Game
Spanishstood first in tbe hen class,beingvery good in
"10
refused
for
them.
The
and
in
lobe.
heard
We
face,
prize
open
for Bantam
hens went to a pairof this year's
birds,very neat and
small, slightlywhite on the ear, but very quicklyclaimed at the
price,two guineas.
catalogued
offered for Pigeons^stillthere was
a very
were
Although no prizes
of the Croydon Columbarian
pretty show made by the members
us
and
made
exhibited
Mr.
some
Tumblers,
pretty
Society.
Jayne
We
covet a little gem of a hen.
alwayshave a likingfor Tumblers.
Mr.
which
Corker Dragoons,
Mr. Wiltshire sent some
grandCarriers ;
of BelgianPigeons,
much
admired ; Mr. Sutherland a number
we
Palace a short time since.
similar to those started from the Crystal

CHICKENS.
Dorkings."
2, .J.J. Walker. Kendal,
Grc?/."l. J. Robinson.
c, W. H. King,
FairWkite."l
and 2, J. Robinson,
Sandfleld, Rochdale
c, M.
(2): E. Leech.
hurst, Woodlamls, OrmsMrk.
1 and 2, J. Carlisle,Earby. Skipton.
Game."
he,C. W. Brierley.
Cochin-China."
1 and 2, C. Sid^wick. he and c, J. Robinson.
he, J.
J, Webster, Whitby.
BiAmBVRQUs."Ooldev-mncilled."l,
2, H. Beldon.
Goldenand 2, H. Beldon.
Robinson.
he, J. Robinson.
Silvir-jjenci^led."l
Robinson.
Silver2. E. Brierley, Heywood, Manchester.
spangled." I, J.
he, G. Brown, Sandhills, Walsall.
spangled."1,H. Beldon.
2, J. Robinson,
2. Rev. C. J. Perrv-Keene,
Bantams."
1, H. Beldon.
Halsall, Ormskirk.
E. Leech.
GEESE.-l, S. H. Stott. 2, J. Honlker.
ftfr.
Leech.
H.
E.
1.
Frankland,
Church, Accrlngton.
DTjCKS.-Aylesbju-y.
2,
B. Bee, Goosnargh, Preston.
Rouen.
1, .T.Scotson, Little Byrom, Lowton,
Jfc,
Newton-le-Willows.
Wigan : S. H. Stott ;
2, T. Wakefield, he, P. West, Abram.
J. Newton.
Silsden, Leeds.
Any other Variety." \, H. B. Smith
(Labrador
Ducklings). -2,A. " J. Trickett, Waterfoot, Manchester,
Extra
Stock."
T.
Wakefield.
/ic.

was

firstin the

exhibited in Mr. Billett'apens, and the

whole of the birds were
finish these pens alwaysconvey to the mind, add
and general
to the appearance of the birds,and the attractiveness of the
greatly
Show.
The

neatness

2, J. Smith
Dorkings."
6frei/."l,G. H. Langford, Sherborne, Guildford.
J.
Sutherland, Coombe
Lodge, Croydon;
Shillinglee Park, Petworth.
c,
Any other Variety."I, J. H.
Smith; F. Parlctt, Great Baddow, Chelmsford.
NichoUs, Lostwithiel (White Dorkings). 2, B. Fuller, Rookery, Dorking (BluespeckledDorking).
Pecknam.
Nichols, Camberwell.
2, C. Howard,
he,R.
Spanish."
I.Messrs.
Hill,Timperley.
Road, London
; E. Smith, Lark
Wright, Hollowav
1, E. Smith. 2. J. K. Fowler, Aylesbury, he, J.
Cochins."
B"tf'or Cinnamon."
or
Broion
Partridge." I, C. Howard.
2, H. LinffPares, Postford, Guildford.
Market.
Any other Variety." 1, E. Smith
(White Cochins).
wood, Needliam
head,
QueeniborouffhHall (White Cochins), he, J. N. White2, Mris. A. Williamson,
Gnaton, Torquay {White Cochins).
Drtrfc." 1, H. Dowsett.
Pleshey, Chelmsford.
2, W. Stevens,
Erahmas."
Fowler.
Rabbits
; J. K.
(Extra Stock}." u/;c,J. Boyle, jun., Blackburn
(Lop-eared), he, J
c, E. Smith
Northampton,
he, H. Lingwood ; H. Dowsett.
(Tortoiseshell, Black, and White); J. Boyle, jun. (Silver Light."1, Mrs. A. Williamson.
2, H. M. Maynard, Ryde, Isle of Wight, he,
Irving,Blnckburn
"Grey and Himalayan).
J. R. Rodbard.
Wrington, Bristol, c. Dr. Campbell, Brentwood.
and 2,W. Dring, Faversham.
he,J. K. Fowler,
c, Hills " Co.,
HoDDANS."l
"

"

"

Messrs. Hewitt and Baxter

were

the

Judges.

Great Woodcote.
^"y
Fkench.-

"

"

"

2,Rev. N. J. Ridley
other Variety." 1, E. Smith
(Creve-Ccem-s).
J. J. Maiden, Biggleswade
/ic,J. S. Price, Potter's Bar (Creve-Cceur);
(Creve-Cceur).
E. Hawken
Stowmarket.
2, W. H.
Black or Brown-hreasted Reds."l. S. Matthew.
Ga^e."
he, F. Harding. Chingford ; Rev. G. S. Cruwys, Cruwys
Stags, Netheravon.
Stowmarket.
Piles or Diiclcwings." land. 2, S. Matthew,
Morehard, Tiverton.
G.
Rev.
S.
Cruwya.
Darcy. Kelvedon
(2);
he, J. H. Salter, Tolleshunt
2, H,
GoW
1,E. Phillimore, CheUonham.
or Silver-spangled."
Haueurghs."
H.
he. Miss c. E. Palmer, Otliham
; W.
; H. M. Maynard
Pickles, jun., Earby.
Silver^
Gold
or
Slade. Chiselhurst.
Newark-on-Trent.
c, G.
Tomlinson,
Tunbridge
S.
S.
R.
Woodgate,
Pembury,
peneilled."l,H. Pickles, jun. 2,
Wells,
c, W. K. Ticlmer, Ipswich.
lie,H.
PoLANDS
(Any variety)."! and 2, W. P. Patrick,West Winch, Lynn,
Pickles, jun. ; W.K.Patrick.
Biacfc or Brown-hreasted."l,Rev. E. S. Tiddeman, ChilderGame
Bantams,Rev.
E. S.
Tooting, he,
ditch Vicarage, Brentwood.
2, A. A. Vander-Meersch,
VanderA. A.
Pile or
Duckwing."\,
E. S. C. Gibson, Ryde.
Tiddeman;
Bleersch.
2, H. J. Jones, Rei^a^e. Any other Distinet Variety."1, Rev. G. S.
House, Croydon
Cruwys.
(Pekins). /ic.P. Crowley, Waddon
2,A. E.Smith
(Japanese); E. S. O. Gibson (Japan Frizland);
(Black); R. S. S. Woodgate
(La Fleche).

CROYDON
This

Show

was

on
July26th
allowed the
Irindly

held

Watney, Esq.,who

; T.
(Creve-Ca3ur)

SHOW.

POULTRY
in

Haling Park, the

Exhibition

to take
250 pens,

seat

of J.

placeamidst

immense
an
his noble Chestnut trees. The entries numbered
increase over last year's,and the Show proveda great success.
Many
of the best birds from all partsof the kingdom competedfor the prizes.
The visitorswere
London
exhibitors.
including
very numerous,
many
All fanciers know
how pleasantit is to meet one another,shake hands,
and then commence
the merits of the different birds and
discussing
These
-theprospectsof the young
ones.
thingstheydid at Croydon
other.
The
with evident pleasure
to each
courtesyand exertions of
Mr. Kowland, contributed largely
to the day's
the HonorarySecretai*y,

enjoymentand
It

was

success.

rather late in the

day before

the

Judge was

able to

announce

the winners ; this was

of the birds
doubt caused by the superiority
no
the
in many
of the classes. The judging
on
and the close competition
and
there
few
whole was
were
grumblersamongst the
very satisfactory,

",

,,

.,,

Named."
Before
1, J. H. Nicholls (Black Hamburghs).
Any
Variety
not
2, A. E. Smith (Andalusians). he. Rev. N. J. Ridley (Malay) ; J. Bissenden,
(Japanese
(Black Gueldres); J. P. Fearnn, Burdbursh, Croydon
Canterbury
Newark-on-Trent
W.
H.
Tomlinson,
(Silkies);
Silks); K. S. S. Woodgate
(Scotch Dumpies).
(Sultans), c. Miss C.E.PaJmer
,
^
Sutherland.
AyUs7ic,
2, J. K. Fowler.
Ducks."
i?0!tc?i."l,H. Dowsett.
hiiry "1 and 2, J. K. Fowler, Aylesbury, he,W. Jacob, Sbepperdswell. c. S. N.
I
Sutherland
and
other
(Shell
Variety."
2,
Any
Valley.
Rowland, Caterham
SutherUnd.
2, M.
Wild
Ducks). Farmyard." 1,
and Domesticated
Ducks
Coleman.
;ic,J.W. "J. Hill. DiicWi"{/s."l, J. K. Fowler (Aylesbury).
Wallmgton,
e.
J. H. Sheppy,
2, P. Crowley,
Geese,"
1, J. K. Fowler.
he, P. Crowley (2); J. H.
2, J. Pares,
Surrey. Goslinos."l,J. K. Fowler.
.^

:,

We were
to find that no
prizeswere
surprised
bitors
offered for Pigeons,especially
as
so
Pigeon breeders and exhimany
live in Croydon, and there is there a very active Columbarian
but no doubt next year this omission will be rectified.
Society,
Grey Dorhinrjs stood first ; many of the birds were in deepmoult,
tand the whole class was
only moderate in quality.In the Any variety
ing),
'orCockerel."
Rounham.
Southampton (Grey Dork1, J. Chisman,
Cock
-classa very poor pairof Whites took the first prizeand Blues the
(White Cochin); R. Hall (Game).
/ic, Whitehead
noticed
but the hen had
second. We
an
largement
ena goodpair of Silvers,
NickoUs
(Spanish), he, R. S. S. Woodgate
Pullets."
1, Messrs.
or
Hens
of the crop, or they would have been differently
placed. (Gold-pencilled Hamburghs) ; Mrs. General Dunn, Inglewood House, Hunger(Spanish):0. E. Cresswell,
Dring (Houdans); H. Brown
Spanishwere an uncommonly good even class. One of the best-filled ford (Dorkings); W. Feltbam
(Spanish).
(Silver-Grey Dorkings),
c, A, B. Smith
Hanworth
Rectorv,
in
the
bird
with
whole Show, No. 17, contained a good-faced
or
pens
Pnlletf."
BANTAiis.-Coc?;orCocfr(TeL"l,W. Dring (Black Red). Hens
With one or two excephe, H. F. Nalder, Croydon (Pile
middling comb matched with a wretched hen.
Clapham
(Black-Red Game),
tions
1, T.W.Anns,
all the hens were
inferiorwhen comparedwith the cocks. Several
ClIss (Any variety)."
1, F. Brewer, Lostwithiel (WTiiteCochins).
Selling
here.
winners at other shows had to put up with a high commendation
Sevenoaks (Houdans). he, B. Mollett, Eccle2, R. J.G. B. Knight, Wrotham,
Buff and Partridge Cochins were
good,but several were badlyshown
(Black Spanish).
ston Square, London
and in wretched condition. In the Any varietyclass there was a wonderfully
the Judge.
Mr. G. Saunders Sainsbury,of Devizes,was
ones.
disappointed

"

"

"

"

"

nice lot.

The

pairof
first-prize

Whites

were

"

white
beautifully

and

clean in feather. What washingtheymust have had, and what

trouble must
have been
taken
in arrangingtheir feathers
immense
after the bath ! but their splendid
repaidthe operator.
appearance

The

awards

in Dark

Brahmas

OWL

THE

All the birds

We
trust that we
hardlysatisfactory.
may
received notice,excepttwo pens.
were
The Judge must have
promptly to Mr. Harrison
been puzzledas to which was
the best pair. Several of the Light
the
notes respecting
our
the hackle and saddle feathers by plumage soiled,
looked yellow
and
on
assembled were
members
were

goodand

"would no doubt have looked better if washed.

We wash our bodies
and comfort,then why not wash a fowl to
for the sake of appearance
improve its beauties? Otherwise they were
grand birds. French
divided into two classes. The first-prize
Creve-Cceur
were
cock was
in excellent feather and
an
unusually good bird. All the Game were
but inferior,
were
condition, llamburghs
numerous,
exceptthe winners.
few but good, particularly
which were
Polavds were
the first-prize
pair,
in fine condition and plumage. One of the beat classes in the Show
the Bantams, the whole
well shown.
of which were
The Any
was
other variety
class produceda numerous
entry, but the awards were
bad, goingto a wretched pairof Black Hamburghs, white in the face,
red earlobe,and the cock with a wry tail. The pairwere hardlyworth
at pounds,
and that was only"2 10s. This
as many
as priced
shillings
the more
to be regretted,
birds in the
as there were
was
superior
many

PIGEON.

be excused for not replyingmore

Weir's remarks (pages17 and 18)on
Owl
Pigeon. The opinions of our
the
the subject:hence
taken on

delay,

_.

"

Weir
that Mr. Harrison
gives us
in placing before the fancy our
of
breeds
various
the
merits and demerits of
that congratulations
domesticated Pigeons. We are also gratified
all
received by ns from
efforts have been
our
upon
of America ; and
quarters of England, and from various parts
because we
delightful
task is rendered stillmore
We

are

pleasedto

credit for our

viewB of the

our

hear

good intentions

pleasurable

that we are not working in vain,but, on

have ample assurances
good. We, of cour?e, expect
doing some
the contrary, are
if
difierences of opinion. It would be a remarkable exception
perfectunity. There
in ihe Pigeon fancy alone there were

JOUENAL

96

OF

AND

HOKTICULTTJEE

COTTAGE

[ AnRust 3, 1871.

GAEDENEB.

of thonght on
all suhjectn,
and it myself many
saw
always has been a diversity
years ago (at least neither of us ever
any
it not that Mr. Harrison
until we bred them), and they were
is well,too, that euoh exists ; and were
got from a Light Blue and
Weir is looked npon
as
We called them Powdered
an
aathorityon Pigeons he might still a Mealy, and selected and bred on.
his own
views of a perfect Owl, and we
Blues,because the necks of the birds being of a bright blue,
enjoy undisturbed
would have simply requestedfanciers to read our
and
the
of
the
hackle
feathers
article on the
tips
nearlywhite,it gave them
That Mr.
Owl
and Mr. Weir's remarks, and then draw their own
the term Powdered
Blue."
clusions. a powdered look ; hence
conhave bred the lighter-coloured
Bat as Mr. Weir is not only an accomplishedartist, Weir
Powdered Blue
or
may
Owls as he describes
but an eminent
let his adverse
judge of Pigeons,we cinnot
viz.,from Light Blues and Mealies, we
To do so
do not doubt
indeed we
know
opinions pass unnoticed.
might appear to some
they are thus produced ; we
conversion to his peculiarviews, only wonder
that Mr. Weir should take credit to himself and
fanciers as equivalentto our
the late Mr. Wicking as the originators
It is
and might inflaence would-be fanciers in their search for choice
of this breed.
dum
birds of this variety. We
will,therefore,again direct their true he has qualifiedsuch observation by the followingaddenAt least neither of us ever
saw
attention to our article on the Owl (seevol. xx., page 429).and
any until we bred thtm."
Were
also to Mr. Weir's contraryopinions (see
there no
enterprisingand experimenting breeders prior
Joly 6th, pages 17 and
18),takinga few extracts from each to show in what respects to the nineteenth century who tried the amalgamation of Blnee,
Columbarian
the Birmingbam
Societyand Mr. Weir differ as Mealies,and Silvers ? Did not chance ever bringthem together
of a standard Owl Pigeon.
and produce the same
to the qualities
efiect ? Let us refer back justa hundred
"
"
Our views are :
From
the end of the lower beak
The Blue ones," he writes,
near
years and see what Mayor says.
should fallin nearly a straightline a loosely-hanging
should have black bars cross
the wings, and the lighterthey
feathercovered skin or dewlap, terminating at its lower extremityin
in colour,particularly
are
in the hackle, the more
they are
the gullet,from which should protrude evenly on
valued." And we find also in Mr. Tegetmeier'swork on Pigeons,
either side
in speaking of the Owl he says,
that the
a
It is to be regretted
large and full-feathered frill or ruffie. This ornamental
should extend low down
old Powdered
Blue and Silver Owls, beingof extreme
the breast,and finish cS
frontispiece
beauty,
in a sort of rose
or
radiation of feathers,"ts." To the above
should be allowed to pass away."
We must
leave our readers to form their own
Owl ought not to
opinionsas to
quotationMr. Weir objectsby saying, "The
have what is termed the gullet,nor
the originators
but the head set
of this breed ; but we
would
a
frill,
simply say, Ask
an
what Silvery-hackledBlue Owls
on
but a circular patch of any old fancier if he knows
evenly-roundedneck with no frill,
the
feathers on
breast that is called the rose."
of them, and he may perhaps
Thus
it will are and how long he has known
want
that we
be seen
have a long yarn
to spin in praise of the beauties his greatwhilst Mr.
rose, frill,
dewlap, and gullet,
grandfather
Weir is content
with the rose, or patch of feathers as he terms
had of that variety. We will not disputethe right
which
Mr.
Weir
in
title
as
it,and adds that the points above enumerated
or
to
claims,
conjunction
us
co-sponsor
belong
by
with the late Mr. Wicking, at the re-christening
the Tarbit.
of the variety
Let us see what " The Treatise,"publishedin 1765, says
known
Powdered
as
now
Blue, for probably Mr. Weir did thus
"
The feathers on
the breast open
them.
and reflect both ways, expanding name
This, although not of material importance, is
to us, and for such enlightenment we
desire to express
something like a rose, which is called the purl news
Our views
thanks ; in other respectswe remain unmoved.
our
by some, and by others the frill,
and the more
the bird has
of that the better,with a gullet reaching down
of an Owl of standard merit are unaltered;and, should such
the
from
"
beak to the frill." Mr. B. P. Brent
ancient
be necessary, we are prepared to givemodern
Tbe
authority,
says (page 53),
gulletof the Owl should be well developed,frill rose-shaped." record, or ocular demonstration,in substantiation of the opinions
Columbabian
we
Birmingham
And, again,we find in the old work on Pigeons,above alluded
have promulgated. The
the
followingdescriptionof the Turbit,which the author
to,
Society.
should have a round button head, with a gullet
says,
; and
"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

the feathers on
the breast (like
that of the Owl) open
and
reflect both ways, standing out almost like a fringe,
the frill
or
of a shirt,and the bird is valued in proportionto the goodness
of the frillor purl;" and apart from antiquatednotions whether
for or against our
views,Mr. Weir has himself pourtrayed a
pair of Owls, and the head study of another,in all of which
the " dewlap
is conspicuous. We
have also in support of
views most
modern
our
veteran
fanciers,and many
Pigeon
ancient
keepers, many
herself for our
records, and Nature
guide, the study of which shows clearlythat the Owl Pigeon
has dewlap,gullet,
and rose.
These birds are no strangers
frill,
"

of the
with interest the remarks
the properties
I HEAD
on
Owl Pigeon by one
to whom
every true fancier is indebted for
his services at the most
important shows, and for his pencil
productions; but allow me to ask him, Mr. Harrison Weir, on
based
the
decision at the Crystal Palace ? I
what ground was
have good reasons
to suppose, only on
the appearance
of their
best specimens, which
by the trial they have undergone in

order to be produced, very finelypowdered" and "forcing,"'

from being rather too weakly and close bred,have lost their
or
and not by a reference
moat important property,the full frill,
breed and country,and their firstbreeders
the
to the original
no
who
the
new
venerable
Turks
claim
honours
of producing both tha
or
obscure
breed
to
variety,
tp us,
recentlybrought
light; they are an ancient race, and are also by nature frilled Owl and the Tarbit,besides other rare beauties. What would
birds from neck to breast ; and whatever
breeders in England say, if some
of the fanciers
the Almond
strange twists and
twirls such feathers sometimes
I have imported into this
take upwards, downwards, inwards,here breeding the Almonds, which
to what they should be bred,
outwards, a study of this variety,as nestlingsin pin- country, should breed differently
taste an improved standard ?
feather,will reveal clearly
the course
such feathers are
in. and establish to their own
tended to take,and will be more
venerable
fancier
I
have
known
here (twentyyears
The
most
who
those
are
convincing to
inclined to be captious than an
to my delight,
not more
exhaustive
volume
the
on
shaky
ago, then quiteshaky, but still,
subject.
now), who from boyhood inherited from his yet-and-for-ever
We admire
the rose
venerated
the breast of the Owl greatly,
and
father,the most beautiful of Toy Pigeons, when I
on
consider such pointindispensable,
Mr. Harrison
Weir's remarks
translated to him
the Owl,
but for a perfectspecimen we
on
must have also a frillin continuation from the top of the rofe,
out with a proverb, which
most comicallycame
lated
exactlytransalso gulletand dewlap,without which such birds are imperfect
Come
to
show
grandfather
means,
my
you your father's
inheritance." In my twenty-five
developments of the breed,and however much we may admire
years'experienceof the fancy,
them
as
and in my travels,
I have discovered that we
indebted to
are
do not think well to extol their
we
eccentricities,
merits as perfectbirds. Pigeons of the Owl type possessing the Mahomedans
for the best of our Toy Pigeons,but especially
rose
This granted and there is not the
only are rarely to be found ; they are, indeed, isolated for the Owls and Tnrbits.
I beg to give the original
standard of the two
specimens,freaks of Nature springingfrom the parent stock, least doubt
and as such they should be regarded, and not held up as
breeds.
With the exceptionof markings and caps they should be one
possessingthe fundamental qualities
of the breed. They should
have their place with us, and command
admiration
breed,and I believe had Mr. Weir seen perfect
our
too; and the same
but such singularspecimens must
and should give place to
Turbits, as he has the perfectOwls occasionallymet with
those of higher merit of the true type such as we have dealter hia views.
in England, he would
But unfortunatelya
scribed.
Turbit does not yet exist in England ; yon only
perfect-shaped
Mr. H. Weir
meet
the
rather
short
not
Columbarian
enough,
narrow-headed,
we
thin-beaked,
says
Society)
(theBirmingham
do not seem
to know much
about the Powdered
Blue specimens, mousey-shaped bird ; while the head of a Turbit,accordingto
and kindlyvolunteers a littleenlightenment an to the originof the originalproducers of the breed, should be, with the exception
the Powdered Blue varietyand its name.
of the cap, as beautiful as that of the Owl, and you may
This
Mr. Weir says,
breed was
such
well imagine the beauty of a Tarbit with
a head ; and
as
produced by the late Mr. Matthew Wioking and
"

"

"

"

"

"

"

JOUBNAL

98

OF

HOBTICTJLTUBE

AND

COTTAGE

t Augast 3, 1871.

GAEDENBB.

fancier once
in these pages recommended
the following method
of treatment
Duckwing
Game
Fowls
of
Points
(G. H.). The hackle of a Dack:
Take a small pot of sheep ointment, plaoe it in a basin of warm
cock should be perfectlyclear,the breast should be quite
winped Game
to melt it ; then take a small
water
piece of stick, cutting one end flat,
mon
black, the tail also. The Duckwing should be distinctlymarked in combe and frequentlydip it into the ointment, and put a small quantity just above and below
and Silver Duckwings, but in the ordinary there may
each wing, and under the throat or neck ul the bird. One
the vent, under
The
saddle.
hackle of such a bird should be etrawis the copper
is mercurial,
riage,
anointing of this kind would be sufficient. The ointment
coloured, but in the Silver it must be white. In all points of shape, carbe used.
therefore
but
littleshould
distinction
is
classes.
for
all
The
the rules are the same
only
"S;c.,
in colour.
Various
{M. E. F.)."lt your Pigeons have had a wire cage in front of
their new
home in which to sit and see the country around, they will now
mer
Moulting
of
Age
(IT.L.)." Hens do not moult till the end of sumIt would, however, do no harm
to confine
probably keep where they are.
That is the natural time after they have
or beginning of autumn.
A loft is all the better
a
them
for being light and airy.
The
old
of
fortnightlonger.
the
worn-out
plumage
summer,
done
laying and sitting.
either
have
the white or blue rump.
Blue Dragoons may
It constantly
good and close enough for the hot and dry weather, would prove but a
common
nest mate
Pigeons that a pair out of the same
happens among
Chickens,
sorry protection against sleet,snow, and frost in the winter.
together and breed. So doing, however, fancy birdq would deteriorate if
being chickens, do not moult, but their feathers change. We believe
done
too often. Give your
Pigeons old tares,small beans, peas, lodian
feather is a sort of Phcenis, and rises from the annihilation of
each new
one
sort of food to another
corn, barley, either mixed, or change from
exception may be made, young cocks may be seen
its predecessor. One
frequently.
moulting,
with their necks covered with huge stubs,as though they were
"

"

but it is not

so

; it is to them

like the visible whisker

on

the adolescent's
You may set

face, taking the place of the scarcely perceptible down.

the eggs at

once.

Tas
Fowls'
form
from
Feathers
believe chloro{J. L.)."We
Removing
have
not
never
are
will remove
it,also naptha. We
sure, as we
The presence of a little tar on the plumage is
tried it for the purpose.
it cannot for a moment
be supposed it
as
not a very serious objection,

put

was

on

purposely.

Market
foe
will meet with
that you
London.

Surplus
house
mention.

any

Honeycomb
Write

{J.D. K.). We
will give you
"

who

in London

to Messrs.

do not
the

think

you

price for honeycomb

Neighbour,149,Regent Street,

A Maiden
Swarm
(Dar"y)." You did perfectlyright in returning the
sent is apparently an
old one, if we
The queen
judge from
may
the ragged wings and its somewhat
stunted size. The smaller bee is an
swarm.

ordinary

worker.

House
Perches
roost at the
never
(C. r. S.)-"Pheasants
Almost
all birds choose
are
branch.
a
large perch, and we
meter,
strongly in favour of it. We take a fir tree about 8 or 9 inches in diaand saw it in half. It is then placed on
uprights 24 inches from
side
and round
the ground, with the bark on
uppermost. We have
of constitution,
breasts indicated either weakness
always thought crooked
growth from stimulating or excessive feeding, or woful
or undue
succeed
of all these may
mistakes in perching, perhaps the combination
If the
breast. Perching is the natural rest.
in producing the crooked
resting place be wide, but slightlyrounded, there will be no Duck-heel.
The
have described little clasping is necessary.
On such a perch as we
rests on it; but if it be sufiBciently
bird well and naturally balanced
to make
and
the bird remains there by effort,
narrow
clasping necessary,
come
that is not rest. Young cocks, especilUy, aro apt to be lanky ; they be"
and
tions,"
their daily avocaanon," when on
long on the leg, " for ever
they leave off walking to sit down ; they are neither tired nor
Such birds on an improper perch clasp it to the
lazy, but they are weak.
and painfullyround, there is not supextent of their power ; but narrow
port
until they get their breasts to rest upon it. That which will be bone
and it takes the impression of the so-called perch.
is then only cartilage,
have
Procrustes was curious in roosts, and
we
might have copied many
seen
advantageously for his system of suiting no one.
Poultry

of

end

it up in a large quill,or
Toe (M. R. F.)." Bind
with
a Broken
sort of splint you may
prefer. It would, doubtless, heal if left
it
often
remains
and
is
but
always
enlarged,
alone,
very unsightly.
Chickens
Exhibiting
(H.)."The last days of August are not very
It
for
chicken
show.
allows you
to show birds that are 'eight
a
early
months
old, and they are
getting on towards maturity. In judging
to
chickens early in the autumn, if rigi^he considered, it is with a view
distinguish the earliest hatched, because
early hatching is a great merit.
Sufficient attention is not paid to that point. Apart from showing, the
most remunerative
breeding is that which is earliest. We think you may
They are very
safely show your birds with every prospect of success.
far
The
and
as
so
weight is concerned, are above the average.
good,
heavier but younger cocks are so weak and lanky, that they show to great
Hen

in any

disadvantage.
Hamburgh
Hens
Sitting (J.R. Y.)." We can say to yon,
and
cation.
former correspondent, We
much
are
obliged by your communiWe shall be glad to receive all such.
Polands and Hamburghs
We
have not before heard of
are
subject to "e'carfs" in these matters.
send out our
for a brood.
We
shall now
Houdans
having a weakness
tot a sittingSpanish hen.
We merely observe
bellman, offeringa reward
to those who marvel, that an exception does not prove the rule.
Poland

as

to our

Production
Egg
[N. W.)."It the eggs are only intended for the table
the cock is quite unnecessary.
Sex
Distinguishing
the
in the
Egg {E. E. F.)." You must not think
of egcs, that we are not interested
because we do not believe in the sexes
We dare not repeat the usual
in the subject "f which your letter treats.
"
about
picking shells on the shore while the vast ocean," "c.,
platitudes
"
know
know
We believe we
a
that we
only enough to teach," "c.
or
greatdeal about poultry, but we do not know all,and we are happy to
will
to
the
lists.
We
such
enter
are
learn. Our columns
subject^i
;
open
blunted.
If at the end
for fair play, and all our
answer
are
weapons
"
Brother,
your cocks turn out pnUets, and our pulletscocks, we will say,
and
both
in
the
are
begin again.
brother, we
wrong,"
Bantams
(Mrs. E. Wilkinson}."! regret to hear of your
One great difficulty,
of your Sebright chickens.
however,
losing so many
viz.,the difficultyof hatching, for few fanciers hatch
yon surmount
There mnst
almost
to be very numerous.
sure
many, as clear eggs are
for yonr great losses which you have not discovered. It
cause
be some
Your treatment
has been bad, but it is not so now.
is true that the season
My plan
seems
good, save and except the pepper, which is wrong.
is this the first few days chopped egg and bread, then bread etod milk,
bread just moistened
with milk, and the egg also; then grits (whole
minced
grits)as soon as they can eat them, potato and gravy, and meat
cut
small
with
Bcissora into very short lengths from the first.
;
grass
very
When
the chickens
I am careful to keep every kind of damp from them.
and pollard,half-and-half,
ground Indinn corn
grow older I give them
and pollard.
mixed
thick with water or milk, varying it with oatmeal
alike. Ants' eggs
two meals
Variety of food is,I am
sure, good" no
ficial
are
relished,and good ; indeed, 1 fancy animal food is particularlybeneI incline
of y^ur deaths.
to Bantams.
Try to find out the cause
to think the birds must
pick up something injurious. The chickens
have
which
full range
of the garden are
remarkably healthy. Do not
Bxctor.
W^ltbhikc
give up the beautiful Bebrights,but persevere."
Sebright

"

"

REMARKS.
very windy; two or three showers; a very fine sunset,
cold.
27th. Very fine all day.
28th. Rain in early morning; fine shower between
10 and 11 a.m. :; fine
between 3 and 9 p m. ; fine night.
day, but very heavy shower
29th. Fine but windy ; heavy rain at 4.20 p m
fine after.
30th." Rainy morning, at 6 p.m., and again at 10 p m., fine after.
3l3t." Fine all day, hot sunshine, but with nice breeze.
1st. Beautiful day.
The
total rainfall during July was 4.125 inches, and it fell on
eighteen
The
above the July average.
total fall since
days, being in both cases
January Ist is,however, only 15.823,being but slightlyabove the average,
the early months
rain having fallen in
being mostly dry, very little more
the firstfive months
than fellin June and July." G. J. Symons.

26th.

Fine, but

"

but

very

"

"

"

"

COVENT

August

MARKET."

GARDEN

2.

Easiness
remains
much
littlealteration to note here.
in the supply of Currants, Raspberries, and
: a slightdiminution
as
Gooseberries, but no alteration in price worth notice. Potato trade doll
with a very heavy supply ; prices range from SOs. to "5 per ton.
There
usual

ia very

fruit.
s, d.

Jsleve

Apples
Apricots

doz.
lb.
buahel
sieve
i
do.
doz.
lb.
lb.

Cherries
Cheatnuta

Currants
Black

Figs
FUberta
Cobs

B.

1 6to4
10
8
0
2
G
0
0 0
4
8 0
4 0
6
8
0
C

lb.
doz.

Mulberriea
Nectarines

^100

OranseB
Peaches

Peara, kitchen
dessert
Pine

Apples

Plums

0
0
0
0
0

Quinces
Raspberries

quart
Gooaeberries
lb. 2
G-rapea, Hothouse....
'tf^lOO6
LemoBS
eacii 2
Melons

6
10
5

Stra^^berriea

doz.
doz.
doz.
lb.
k sieve
doz.
lb.
lb.

s.
0

d. B.
0 to 0

4
6
6
0
2
8
0
0
0

buahol 10
^-lOO 1

Waltf uta
ditto

VEGETABLES.

Artichokes
Asparagus
Beans, Kidney

doz.
"" 100
i aievo
bushel
doz.
bundle

4
0

SO
2
Broad
2
Beet,Red
0
BroccoU
Bra8eel3Spronta..iBieve 0
doz.
10
Cabbage
Ti^^lOO0
Capsicums
0
bunoh
Carrots
doz.
8
Cauliflower
bundle
16
Celery
2
Coleworts..dQZ. bunches
each
0
Oacnmbera
doz.
0
pickling
doz,
2
Lice
in
the
or
CrBE
Pigeons
is
greatpre(C. P. Datifcs)."Cleanliness
ventive. ennel
bunch
OB
As to getting rid of the lioe,
lb. 0
Garlie
you may adopt various pflans.Dust
bunch
0
insect powder.
Herbs
sulphur into or rather under the feather j, or Pewian
Imndle
6
A practical Bovsersdisb
Paraffinponied on the perchea has alec been reeomm"nded.
....

Pndive

..

d.
B.
Oto 6
0
0
4

bunch

LeelE^

doz.
Lettuce
Mushrooms
pottle
Mustard
" Crese. .punnet
Onions
per doz. bunches

0
0
0
0

3
0
0
2

pickling
Parsley
Parsnips

0
6
0

Peas
Potatoes

0
6
2

6
0
0
9
8
0

4
1
0
0
0
0

Savoys
Sea-kale
Shallots

Spinach
Tomatoes,

sieve
doz.
".

quart
bushel
do.

Kidney
Radishes
Rhubarb

quart

..

doz.bonoheB
bnndle
doz.
basket
lb.
bashol

dQf.
bunoh

Turnips

VegetabUMfuwows..doz.

JOUBNAL

August 10,1871. ]

PINE

APPLE

AND

CULTURE

CCASIONALLY
at the

OP

one

sees

AND

JUDGING.

Smooth-leaved
Cayenne and Charlotte Rothschild do not
and as they are valuable theyare
produce suckers freely,
taken off as soon
as
they are strong enough,and potted.
The
Queens freelyproducesuckers, bo that only the
strongestof these are selected. I like them to be a foot
or 18 inches
long before taking them off,and I pot them
in from 6 to 8inch
at once
pots, accordingto the variety
The pots should be plunged
and size of the suckers.
immediatelyin a brisk bottom heat, but no water should
be given for six days afterwards,for they are liable to decay
in the
at the bottom if they are watered at once, especially

Pine

bited
Apples exhi-

tural
meetings of the Royal Horticulwith the statement
Society,
accorapauied
that they have been produced within twelve
months
from the time of pottingthe sucker.

COTTAGE

99

HOETIOTJLTCRE

GAEDENEB.

Mr. Perkins, of Stanmore, had two

very
handsome
Queens recentlyproducedin that
PineOf
most
course
experienced
way.
that much depends upon
growers are aware
I had a very fine-flavoured Pine from Pernambuco
winter.
the size of the suckers when they are taken
in January, and wishing to raise some
from the parent plant. I have seen
plantsof it,I potted
suckers from Pine
plantsnearlyas largeas the plants from wliicli they three suckers which sprang from the base of the fruit,
watered
and, by accident,they were, shortlyafter potting,
taken, and under generous and careful treatment
were
with tepidrain water, and in less than ten days every one
these would most likelyproduce fruitin a twelvemonth,or
at the baae, and
in a state of putrefaction
less. A Pine plant will succeed well in an
excessively of them was
high temperaturecombined with a midst atmosphere,it will in a day or two would have been past recovery. I cut
them in some
arrive at maturity; but it is very questionable
if every particleof decay clean off,repotted
sooner
of sharpsand
fruit ripenedunder such circumstances
will be of good sandy material,and placed a small portion
round
the base of each sucker. They all recovered,and
flavour. Some of our most successful
tain
main-

Pine-growers

the plants
fine plants. I formerly repotted
have made
My own
very high temperature in their houses.
them into 13 and 15-inch
into 10 and 11-inch pots,shifting
treatment is opposed to a very high temperature,and as
the Pine worthily
give them only one shift,
holds the highest
positionamongst exotic pots to fruit them in, but I now
in 11-inch pots, and
discussion on the best means
of attaining placing the Queens and Jamaicas
a
fruit,
friendly
Cayenne in 13
the greatestmeasure
be Charlotte Rothschild and Smooth-leaved
of success
in its culture would
and 15-inch pots.
both useful and instructive.
The
Pines are not grown at this placeto a largeextent,and
compost I use for Pines is turfyloam, to which fe
and a small portion
"where the means
limited it is better to aim at obtaining added a sixth part of decayed manure,
are
bones and broken charcoal. In potting
of pulverised
a succession of fruit by
a few
at a time than
a

starting

plants

it is to start a houseful,and have a superabundance

of
fruit for a month
fr a long
or
two, and afterwards none
period.The fruit is most valued here at Christmas,and
from our small stock of fruiting
plantsI always manage to
obtain a few fruit at that time. I cut last winter about
Smooth-leaved
a dozen
Cayenne and Charlotte Rothschild.
As regardsflavour,
the merits of the two varieties were
about equal,but having grown both sorts together
during
the last six years, upon the whole I prefer
the Smoothleaved Cayenne. The Black Jamaica is superiorto either
in flavour for winter,but the fruit is generally
small, and
not freely
produced. I have cut this varietyover at the
level of the pot to induce it to throw up, and have found
it start into growth again,and not throw up its fruit for
twelve months.
There are two varieties of this, as well
of the Smooth-leaved Cayenne, and there is also some
as
confusion with Charlotte Rothschild.
The true varietyof
this has broad leaves of a healthy
colour ; the
dark-green
other has much
narrower
leaves,and fruit of very inferior
and
size. The true Smooth-leaved
quality
Cayenne has
likewise much
broader leaves than the other" Of the
the
best
has
also broad leaves of a reddish
Jamaica,
variety
colour,and the fruit has largepips,and is likewise redder.
The Montserrat is often grown under the name
of Jamaica.
The best way to get out of the diiSculty,
and clear up the
confusion that exists,
would be for the Royal Horticultural
Society to offer prizesfor each sort separately,and to
invite growers to send fruit.
specially
I may briefly
state the method of culture pursuedhere.
No. 64L"

Vol. XKX., New

Sbbies.

ing
plungin the compost firmlywith wooden rammers,
the pots afterwards in a brisk bottom heat, and, as
at
least
water is givenuntil six days
with the suckers,
no
post
the ball of earth and the comafter repotting Of course
should be moderatelymoist at the time of potting.
This is the best time to add fresh tan to the beds,as,
after the roots have reached the sides of the pots,the
excessive heat that arises from a fresh tan bed, or fresh
plungedto
tan beingadded to the old,will,if the pots are
the rim, sometimes burn the roots.' I have found the tan
in the beds almost spent,and Ihat the temperature had
declined to 80",but by merely adding a few basketfuls of
fresh tan, and turning the bed over, the bottom heat has
I

ram

been increased to 120". I always take the precaution

the tan to plunge the pots only to half
when turning
over
the heat has declined I fill up
their depth,and when
the space to the rim of the pots with fresh tan, whidi
It is
rise of temperaturein the bed.
will againcause
a
tan for bottom heat.
on
not desirable to depend entirely
Here the tan beds are about 7 feet wide, and 2 feet 6 inches
deep,and at the bottom are placedtwo 3-inch pipes,and
so that a chamber
piers are built to support iron gratings,
is formed of the depth of 10 inches, thus allowing20 inches
tained
be obof bottom heat can
for tan.
The desired amount
from the pipes alone, but I fancy a renewal of the
to the health of the plants.
During their season of rest Pine plants should not be
excited by very great heat ; a temperature of from 56" to
had
under gardenerj
the best. When
an
60" is,perhaps,

tan is conducive

No. IMS." Vol.. XLVL,

Old

Sbmes.

OF

JOUBNAL

100

HOETICULTUBE

AND

charge of several Pine honses, and one winter it happened

house was
that the fruiting
requiredfor another purpose, and
where
in severe
to a house
removed
the Pine plants were
weather the night temperature could not be kept much above
I
ever
fine a lot of plants as
as
45". They were
saw, and on
startingthem into growth about the end of January they were
fruit
and many
few
were
produced,
large
very unsatisfactory"

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

[ Angnat 10, 1871.

by degreesflowers

excluded
from our
gardens which ought to
be retttiotd for some
qualitywhich they possess in an eminent
forth now
degree,and I come
as the advocate of these condemned
criminals.
the sensation
Eugene Appert. Well do many of ns remember
produced at Hanover
Square Rooms at, I believe,the second
Nation"l Rose Show, when
Mr. Standith brought out a box of
monstrosities.
blooms of this splendidlycoloured Rose.
It is very irregular
which
demands
Another
matter
great care is watering. I in outline,very rough, but in colour uuapproaobed, I think, by
seldom
of the thick velvetycharacter of its petals.
use
manure
water, and not at all after the flowering any Rose, on account
Pines deteriorated in qualitythrough Then its foliage
is in itself a picture,
and makes
the Rose easily
period. I have had more
than
other
If
the
from
cause.
water
plants distingniebable from any other in the garden.
Bsing manure
any
certain
a
with
after
of
their
manure
water
Some
General
three
are
stage
supplied
Jacqueminot.
years
ago my friend Mr.
growth the fruit will undoubtedly be black at the core, and will BadcljHe {/ave me what he had of this brilliant Rose,deseribing
the l8tn Dr. Liadlty him as a "loose
not keep long after it is lipe. I remember
Some of the
fellow,"and discardinghim.
drawing attention in a leadingarticle to a houseful of tiue fruit most brilliant flowers I have had this year have been from
it exhibited in great perbeing rendered worthless from the use of guano water when the these very plants,while I have seen
fection
black at the
fruit was
For some
ill many
stands.
the year has been
swellingoff ; in every case the fruit was
reason
had
the
that
in
first
the
source
of
those
originated
favourable
for it,and
who
decay
have retained it have been
core, showing
placein the roots,and been transmitted from them through the rewarded.
Pines in twelve mouths
from planting
As to fruiting
stem.
Jean
Cherpin. " Oh ! a great deal too thin not enough
the sucker, where this has been done, either the suckers have
stuff ID it." Qiitetrue; but where have you such a colour?
been of unusual size,or a high temperature has beenmaintiiued.
It is the noartst
approach that we have to the old Tuscan Rose
The
houses here, though not large,are wtll built,and of the
that deep claret colour which we all admire.
It is true that it
with
hit-watbr
and
well
most
provided
soon
approved construction,
fades, hut when in bud and justexpanding it is exquisite,
"
Prevost.
"A
Baronne
F/at
pipes, and I do not generallyobtain Queens in less than
as
a
platter,"
saucei," "o.
eighteen months, Cijennes and Charlotte Ejthschild in fiom
Tes, but with all that a fine old iose. In form I think Cfiuile
de Chabrillant the model ; but then the Rjse may have other
eighteen months to two years.
tions.
make
a few remarks
on
I will DOW
Charles Ltfebvre is very different,
judging Pines at exhibiforms.
yet it is a fine Rose ;
At the leadingexhibitions tbey should always be shown
La France different from either of them, and jet how beautiful,
should
there
be
class
for
the
least
a
So Bironne
in classes ; at
Queens especiallythis season.
Pi^vost, although quite
very
be well if there
and it would
and one
for any oiher varietj,
is a fine Ejse
diffBrent from any of the foregoing,
well worth
exhibitors.
I
hibited
exto
set of rules drawn
as
a
a
guide
were
up
growing.
Smooth leaved Cayenne some
a
This Rose is rot to be found in some
Madame
Guinoisseau.
years
very handsome
awarded to a
autumn
show, and the first prizewas
catalipgueathat 1 have before me, and yet it is a fine double
ago at an
the same
coudition,and
Rose of a bright colour,much
better than many
which
have
Queen not half the weight,in much
on
drawing the attention of one of the judges to the award, he
elbowed it out.
At
fruit
recent
said that Quet-ns were
a
Janiin
and
will
be
show
a
always pref-rred.
Souvenir de Dr.
never
was
never
"

"

"

"

"

"

"

a
show iu London
not-very-handsome, though tolerablygood. Ro-e ; too small for that, but of an exquisitecolour crimson
not stuted),shnded wi'h violet,and woithy of retention.
Providence
of from, I should say (theweight was
between 8 and 9 lbs.,was
placed iu a higher position than a
Duchess
of Norfolk. Rarely seen, but a fine climbing or
two
short
or
we
1-ripenedQueen of an ounce
reallyhandsome
pillarBorc, and ought to be used for that purpose.
decision ; the judgesevidently
of 6 lbs. I believe it was a wrong
Another Rose of peculiarly
brilliant colonr,
Fisher Holmes.
of scarltt shaded
were
with daik velvety crimson.
It is somttimes
guided by size,and did not know the relativa qualities
varieties. I hold that a Queen of 6 lbs. should
be
the two
retained
b
ut
it
be
for its colour
to
ought
disappointing,
yet
placed before a Cayenne of 8 lbs. or a ProviiJenee of 10 lbs. alone.
must
whatever
have
Of course
A deep rich crimson.
It is true we
pointsor rules be laid down, much
ProfessorKoch.
be left to the judges,such as the condition of the fruit,the
of tbe same
shade,and probably better Roses, but it is a
many
A Queen
time of the year at which the exhibition is held, "o.
be sorry to
and I should
vigorousfind free-bloomingvariety,
Pine in winter might be expected to be dry and flavourless,discaid it.
would
be
rich.
The
Jamaica
and
when
a
or
A
juicy
TJHllermoz.
Cayenne
President
very vigorous free-growingRose,
who not only know the relative
it in
judges ought to be practicalmen
with flos^era of a most lovelyshade of pink. I have seen
class of frnit,but also know something some
of the same
I have been in
this
stands
qualities
winning
year ; but wherever
wilh in tiniBhingoff a house
of the diffieultieato be contended
than
It is not of more
almost unknown.
gardens it seems
of well-coloured Grapes or in producing a well-swelled,
fairly- three or four j ears' standing,and although not quite so full as
Pine
Apple.
proportioned
could wish, it is stilla very strikinggnrden Rose.
one
these remarks partlyin the hope that some
ingly
1 have m"de
one
La Lisctte de Beranger. A Rose of 1868, I believe ; exceedI am
have
better qualifiedthan
to
It is of a very
on
something
in the autumn.
may
say
preiiy and free,especially
this subject. J. Douglas.
delicate flush colour, and later in the year the edges of the
"

"

"

"

"

"

"

petalsare margined with deep pink.

delicate in habit,
A very old Rose, somewhat
Prince Leon.
a most
but when caught lightly
shaped flower. Mr.
beautilully
judge, calls it one of the most beautiful of
Rivers,no mean
"

THE

SELECTION

OF

ROSES.

often seen
HAVE
inquiriesin the Journal as to the selection
of Roses, and in one
point of view I have nothing to say against
could I
the selection given in reply to those questions. How
when
they have been in so many instances given by Mr. Kidclyfie? But there are other points of view in which to look at
shows
at Rose
the matter of selection. I see
peopletaking
of any sorts
out their note-books and putting down the names
without having any reference whatever
that strike them as fine,
rent
Now
I am
about to plead on a diffeto habit or constitution.
a
I generally do.
Some call me
side to that which
the necesfity
maintain
because I so rigidly
bigotedold florist,"
i
n
all
of rating form and substance as the very first requisites
I

"

Will it be esteemed
an
inconsistencyon my
if I now
diminution
of the estimate of my bigotry,
Roses in our gardens which botii
advocate the reiention of some
Belectinns in the Journal and note-books ignore? Both are
founded on the one notion, to take what are called exhibition
flowers and to exclude all others. But this is surelyincorrect
in one
point of view. All are not exhibitors,and we want
as well as real merit as a florists'
flower,and yet I see
Tariety

Roses.
How
does one
this in
see
Comte de Nanteuil.
rarelynow
exhibitiou ttands, and yet it deserves a placein every garden,
being a cupped, deep rose-coloured flower.
de Muntigny. One of the largestRoses grown, and
Monsieur
"

"

ver.v tine

of the Roses for which I claim a

Such are some
and I
to me,
be others, but these occur
may
lovers think of any others they will add them
D., Deal.

place. There
hope if Rose
to this list.

"

flowers.
florists'

part,or

garden flower.

THE

MORELLO

In

an

amateur's

garden

few

CHERRY.
days ago I

saw

Morello

mild, againsta
oomparaiively
growing as if it were
aspect. The tree justlooked as
piece of wall having a western
in the way of pruning or training
if it had not been touched
loaded
were
for at least the last two years, yet its bianohes
out fri.m the wall in the
with the finest frnit,and came

Cherry

tree

OF

JOURNAL

Attgast10, 1871. ]

to ebow
Such an ioBtanoe as this may serve
well-traine"i trees are nut r^qaired though I ahould
ihis plan in e"ery ease
it is much
certainlynot recommend
better, bo far as quantityof fruit is concerned,to let the trees
of wall
Too
much
restricting
have their natural freedom.
their cunstitutiun,
instances is apt to weaken
trees in some
dilierent
attacked
liable
more
to be
by
and it makes them much
them.
which would not otherwise molest
kinds of vnmin

desotibed.

manner

thut where

"

Mackellae,

DEVON."

SOUTH

OF

BIT

took cfi the horse's shoes,

the manor,
in the sea, won
nailed them to the church door, and turned the h ^rse out into
than
I don't believe it, any more
more.
the park to work no
Great Horkesley
on
I believe that the bit of skin I once
saw
church door was
part of that of a freebooter the people had
caught and fleyed. I believe that the shoes are testimonials of
could not pass where
that witches and evil spirits
tha superaiiiiun
affixed. Let it not be
a horseshoe
reversed,as these are, was
objectedthat such a guardian could not be needed for a church',
had
believed that all priests
for then and here the Devonians

tance

"

"

EoBEKi

101

GAEDENEE.

COTTAGE

AND

HOETICULTUEB

dealingswith the Evil One and were conjurers. One caught

the church, and
by his magic kept
boys stealingApjjleanear

No. 8.

as
wise
some
of the olden time were
people them powerless in the tree until the congregation saw who were
the culprits.Tuat's a little bit relative to orcharding,so let
of their bodies as of their
witter in the care
slide in another little bit relative to the Devonian
less wise than their
me
not
of Tor were
supersoulf,and the monks
fines
aud you may be lenient because it gets within the conbrethren.
They built their abbey on the sheltered shore of a stii.ions,
of jour departments. Fairy rings prevailin
of another
of fish are caught
bay, where a greater variety and abundance
of the very many
some
at
pastures here,and I am assured that on
than in any other spot of England's sea-boundary. I was
within
such heaps moonlit nightsa black hen and chickens
may be seen
Bnxham
not far fiom Tor Abbey, and saw
recently,
circles
of
these
informant, not being
some
before looked
; but my
magic
of whitings,soles,and red mullets as I never
could not say whether
they
of Tor selected for their herb gurden learned in poultryclassification,
Then these monks
upon.
the Fairy
add as I have mentioned
and best-sheltered plots; are Black Spanish 1 Let me
of the best-soiled,best-watered,
one
not fairies make
of water sparklingthrough its ring (thoughyou and I know that Mushrooms
with a stream
it is in a valley,
than in
whole length. Mr. Curtis,perhaps, thought th"y were
trusty i ),that the Devfouian Fairy, or Pixy, is less modest
him
guidesin such a selection ; at all events ha agreed with their other counties,for a local rhyme describes
Little Pixy, fair and slim,
estimate, and secured the ground for the site of his rosery.
him."
Without
a rag to cover
It is on the side of the road to, and close to Paignton. Who
the
of
i
s
tirely
that knows
of
of this " Bit " be EnI
will
for the remainder
kitchen-gardening ignorant
anything
There, now,
He
have
it spelled
we
aU
always seen
Paignton Cibbags ?
honioultural, confiningmy notes to that wbich
may
"
after that of the
have on our
PentoD," but Pd.igntouis its true name,
hearts, the encouragement of cottage gardening.
quay
placeof its origin. Who can say that it was not raised by the
Diiriugthe past fortnightwithin two or three miles of Torso long
monks
of Tor in this their garden ? It has been known
held four horticultural and cottage gardeners'
have been
ruuueth
the memory
of man
not to tlie
that,as lawyerssny,
shows, and the reports I have from each is that it exceeded all
contrary." It is justsuch a pot herb as monks would covet
previouslyheld. This growing fondness for gardeningamong
It
is
has
aided
and
Journal"
"Our
strong-flavoured.
extensively
all classes is to be rejoiced
over.
large,lirm-hearted,
I
weed
the pursuit in Paradise."
in this progress back to
much
grown hereabouts,and is found to be produced finest when seafor it the soil.
is used to manure
Eector
and
Wxlishike
could cover
pages on the topic; but
Curtis's rosery may
address
This recurrence
to Mr.
from
an
appropriatelyMr. K. Flab, to which I will add an extract
introduce the followingadditions and corrections he has sent
delivered by a Devon
my
rector, render
any addition from

The

monks

"

think they were

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

to

me

needless.

willingpen

"

The four cottage gardeners'shows to which I have referred

A few Roses that were
omitted in the listof good old varieties.
H.P. ; are
White and Cream
St. Mary Church, Upton, Torre, and Paignton. Let me
Alba Rosea, T. ; Baroune
de Mavuard.
dent,
that they offer prizesto be competed for
observe, to commend,
Niphetog,T. ; and Souvenir d'Elise,T. Blush and Flesh. Presi.^.nnade
T. ; and Souveuirde la Malmaison, B. Piah and Rose.
by children. Baud the first shoot in the direction you would
H.P.
CentifoUa
H.P.
Colonel
de
H.P.
Dieabach,
Rongemont,
rosea,
;
;
hive the plant grow.
(animproved Baronne Prevoat)
; Elie Morel, H.P. ; La France, H.P. ;
Tiie fulluwiug is an extract from the very excellent address of
and Moss Laneii,S.
Antoine
Carmliie,ScarU't,and Light Crimson.
Hall,
the Pieaident of the Paignton Socie'y,the Eev. Prebend
Ducber, H.P. ; Daehesae de Ca"la9, H. P. ; Camille Bernardin, H.P. ;
at the time he delivered the prizes:
Madame
Crimsrm, Dark
Caillat,H.P. ; and Victor Verdier, H.P.
"
with
as
Crimson, and Purple. Dake of Wellingtou,H.P. ; General JaequemiThe
Society was not established so much to giveprizes,
H.P. ; and IPrince Camille deRihnn, H.P.
aud in that way
not, H.P. ; Pierre Notting,
the view of giving employment at vacant periods,
N. ; and Persian Yellow, S.
Yelloio. Madame
their
Falcot,T. ; Solfaterre,
the
of
the
and
own
respectability.
industry
aiding
competitors
"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

The

among

foUowino;were
the

best

inserted
old varieties :

"

by mistake,and
Clemence

and Laurent
Charles Lee, La Brillante,

should

Raoux,
Descourt."

not

be included

Edward

Morren,

One

thing

is the
been
the exhibition has
disttuguished
and
prizesfor the good culture of dowers, vegetables
that
the
should
he
in
the
observations
make,
hoped,
through his mind would run throughtheirs also,

for which

distribution of
he
fruits ; and
word which
one
and that word

I have mentioned, in more

of my previous
than one
sentence
is
cultivate.' The love of flowers is inherent in
luxudance
of the vegetationhereabouts.
"Bits," the extreme
The
the human
heart.
child that could justwalk, and the old man
It is so everywhere around, but in no
than at
so
place more
the flowers as friends and
the grave, welcomed
near
just
tottering
And I must
I can't help it,for I
Hacoombe.
divergehere
the springand summer
treasures which
brought. Besides, too,
to observe, as I did previously
at Ilfraam
quitevagrant now
who lived perhaps
the
of
that
he knew
a
son
a labourer,
man,
many
of placesoombe-named
there are
in
combe, what a multitude
he went to the great towns, London,
when
in this or other counties,
ran

'

"

as

"

Devon.
Fifteen are niibin a circuit of five miles round here ;
and well there may be, for "combe," being interpreted,
is "a
wooded
valley,"and moat truly are they such to which the
is applied,and none
than those of Haccombe
name
more
so
Park.
It is the most
beautiful of the small parka that I have
ever
seen.
It is a cluster of small well-wooded
combes, the
trees all noble,especially
the Beeches.
It is and has been the
seat of the Carews tor five centuries,
of the three old British
one
families commemorated
in the Devon historic lines intended
for rhyme
"

"

Crocker, Crnwye, and Coplestone,

the Conqueror came
When
found at home."
were
admitted
Leaving your card at the mansion
to the
you are
church adjoining. I wish your pages were
as
well
archaeological

horticultural,poultryoultural,
and apicultural,
as
for then I
"
"would pour out much
of " notes of things that were
relative
the Haccombes
to the statues and brasses over
and Carews
of
whom
all that is mortal rests there.
I will drag in,however, a
and three-fourths of a horseshoe nailed
note on the horseshoe
Tradition says that a wild Carew wagered
to the church door.
Haccombe
that he would ride on
his
against another manor
horse whilst swimming to and back from some
marvellous dis-

Birmingham, Manchester, or Leeds, very often carried with him a

and which reminded
littleflower pot, the plantin which he treasured,
home.
In fact what is called 'window gardening'
him of his former
aud to a very great extent, in soma
ia carried on
most
auccessfully,
the Spitalfields
in Westminster,and among
partsof London, especiaUy
do?
do we
to dinner, what
If we
have a few friends come
weavers.
We

ornament

the

tables

with

flowers.
bunch of

If

we

have

friends

in

our

flowers;or if,as it sometimes

departsfrom the stage,they are, as on"
On the great
with bouquets of flowers.
overwhelmed
was
recently,
festivalsof the Church, also,we are glad to adorn our churches with
In our
and placethe choicest on the Lord's table.
flowers and fruit,
marriages we placea coronet on the brow of the bride ; and we weave
and
of
beloved one departed,
some
dropit on
a chapletto the memory
This
the grave with tender feelingand affectionate remembrance.
house

we

send to their

happens, singeror
a

an

rooms

actress

It is but little
of flowers.
celebrated for the production
now
than 400 years ago that there were
scarcelyany flowers in England.
from
Sweden, and on passing
came
A celebrated botanist (Linnseus)
through the wolds of Yorkshire,and seeing the counti-ycovered with
his knees and
fell down
so delightedthat he
on
golden Furze, was
fully.
for ornamenting
the landscapeso beautithanked
the God of Nature
ent
of cultivation and searchingin differNow, however, by means

country is
more

climes,we

have

the cQunti'ywhere

added to our flowers a stock which makes England

there is the greatestexhibition of floricnltare. Of

lt)2

JOURNAL

OF

HOETICULTDEB

AND

flowers, and ' flowersof the field,'

reminded in many ways.
we
are
Tlius
iu Scripture
told that ' we all do fade as a leaf,'
we
are
and that ' wo are
like the grass of the field ; ' and our
blessed Lord, when
He delivered
His sermon
the slope of the mountain, lookingon
on
the choicest
of flowers growingon
the plain beneath,said,' Consider the Lilies
of the field,
how
toil
neither
do they spin ; and
thoy grow, they
not,
in all his glorywas
yet I say onto yon that even Solomon
not arrayed
like one of these.' Lilies,
such as were
thus described,
are, however,not
there to be found ; but what the Saviour no doubt alluded to was the
Anemone, which is a great ornament
to that part of the world. The

COTTAGE

GARDENEB.

be

fullyseen.

as

as
over-crowding.
objectionable

In

[ August

10, 1871.

doing this avoid extremes

; looseness is jast
Oar aim should be to produce
a compact, graceful
bouquet without stiffuess or formality.
3. Use
and
in contact with the
enough greeneiy among
flowers to divide bright colours, and to impart the requisite
air of quietness and repose.
Everything in Nature is wellbalanced ; each cluster of bright flowers has its foil of green
much
its
to
foliage,
contributing
beauty.
4. In arranging the flowers there should be a leaningto
cultivated largely
Bose, a plantnow
known
kind in moderate
by us, was formerlyscarcely
rather
massing those of the same
quantities,
in England,and was imported
into this country in the firstinstance from
than towards indulging in too much
sub-division.
This refers
The Rose does not grow in the Holy Land
Provence.
what
is
tioned
men;
more
to the smaller kinds of flowers.
particularly
in Scripture
as that flower is either what
is now
known as the
in order to be reallysuccessful in this work, I would
Lastly,
Ehododendron, or more
the Oleander.
That
mentioned
the
as
likely
to
all
learners.Use your eyes, and miss no opportunityof
say
*So8e of Sharon*
is a Cistns ; and the
are
more
Applesof Sodom
gaining instruction. Many of as have a feelingthat we could
like Potatoes. There is a plant more
recentlyintroduced into this
do great things in the world if we
had the chance ; let us be
In the summer
country and grows very well,the Benthamia.
its leaf
tffort is wanting on our
is a lightish
but as the winter approaches
it becomes leathery. sure, then, that no
part to make the
green,
The leaves did not fall off,bat on watchingit a littletingeof
most
of everythinglikelyto improve our
minds and add to onr
green
would be seen
the
on
should
stalk,and this would pass throughthe whole of knowledge and skill. I am quitesure if this were
so
we
tileleaf,nntil at last it became
the year before. It
as green as it was
not see such repeated examples of anskilfal practice,
in
even
might be a conceit of his,but he had thought,as we might take sermons
the arrangement of a few cut flowers.
Edwaed
Lcokhuhst.
from stones, why not take sermons
from plantslike this,which
appeared to him to have somethingof a symbolof the resurrection ?"
Shall I go on ? No, but " I have not yet done with Torquay.""
A PEACH-TREE
BORDER.
G.
"
An old storyretold."
The excellent article of " J. Mo.D."
in No. 540, page 85, has reminded
ing
me
forciblyof the followMiniature
Fruit
article,written by Mr. Rivers in his
THE
ARRANGEMENT
OF
CUT
FLOWERS.
Garden," page 102, sixteenth edition,many years since. It
minds the conceptionof the rightmethod
In some
of arranging
seems
so
appositeand so in accordance with what should be in
oat
as
flowers,particularly
exemplifled at horticultural
that, with permission,I send it to you for insertion
practice,
is extraordiqary,
and certainly
exhibitions,
very surprisingafter if
"
think
it
in season
and worthy of a place.
a word
you
the freqoentopportunitiesafforded to the publicby such exhibitions
Constant
Reader.
to examine
and compare
the sprightlyelegance of a
"
In our
southern counties,where
light sandy soils abonnd,
tasteful well-arrangedbouquet with the heaviness and glareof
the difiloalty
of making Peach
and Nectarine
trees trained to
the majority of its opponents.
walls
flourish
known
liable to the
is
well
in
are
to
springthey
;
Tisitingan exhibition of a provincialhorticultural society
curl and tbe attacks of aphides,in summer
they are infested
I was
reminded
of this weak point in modern
forcibly
lately,
with the red spider,so that the trees are weakened, and rarely
horticaltaristsby a particularly
glaringexample of bad taste
stand for a dinner-table.
Tbe maker
had evidently givegood fruit ; they seem, indeed,to detest lightsoils. The
a centre
some
inklingof the right principlesof floral decoration, but followingmethod of preparing borders for them in such soils
it described by any
may be well known, but I have not seen
it was
only an inkling no more, for it was equallyevident
gardening author.
that be had not mastered even the first principles
of the art he
The
idea has come
from
to me
observing Peach trees
essayedto practise.
ing
It may be well to describe this flower-stand. It consisted of trained to walls refuse to do well in the lightsandy soil forma
part of my nursery, except near
paths,and to grow and
three circular pans or saucers, attached at equal distances,
one
do well for years in the stiff tenacious loam forming another
above the other,to a centre stem of about 20 inches high; the
ienaoious
part. My bearing trees in pots, for which I use
almost flat,
were
and well graduated in size,tbe bottom
esaoers
with a wooden
loam
and dung, rammed
down
pestle,also bear
one
measuring about 12 inches across, the middle one 9, and
and flourish almost
commend
beyond belief,and so I am induced to rethe top 6. So far all was
it should be, and one would ask
as
that in lightsoils the Peach-tree border shoald bo
for no
better ntensil for the purpose ; but each saucer
was
follows :
as
packedwith as many Roses as could be well crammed
together, made
"
To a wall of moderate
height,say 9 or 10 feet, a border
while from the edges projecteda bold fringeof Maiden-hair
6 feet wide, and to a wall 12 feet high, one
8 feet wide, should
It will,therefore,
Pern,
be understood
that every requisite
for
If
the
be
marked
soil
out.
be
by cropping,
poor and exhausted
the productionof a chaste and eleganteffect was
present ; but
and tenacioas
if
it
be
old
or
an
a dressingof rotten
dung
garden,
owing to the miserablyfaultyarrangement of the flowers,an
should be spread
loam
5
inches
in
or clay,
thickness,
equal
parts,
the reverse
of what it should have been, was
effect,
unsightly
the sutfaoe of tbe border; it should then be stirred to
over
the result.
with the
2 feet in depth, and the loam and dung well mixed
At no time would one ask for better materials for the decoration
trees may
be planted during the winter, and in
of a dinner-table stand than a well-assorted selection of soil. Tbe
its
tbe
all
over
in
March,
dry weather,
border,
surface,should
partly-expanded Roses, with a fair proportion of bads and
down
with a wooden
be thoroughlyrammed
so
to
as
rammer,
clean,healthyfoliage. These should be so arranged that CHch
lighthalf-rotten manure,
flower may
have ample space to shoiv the fall beauty of its make it like a well-trodden path ; some
then be spread over
it,
say from 1 to 2 inches in depth, may
combined
charms
and colour,both in foliageand
of form
be
and the operation is complete. This border mast
never
attention as objectsof rare
blossom, and thus, while attracting
stirred,
except with tbe hoe, to destroyweeds, and of course
the whole of tbe flowers used would contribute
beauty individually,
in
the
never
cropped. Every succeeding spring,
dry weather,
A
to the general effect in the best possiblemanner.
ramming and dressingmust be repeated,as tbe soil is always
few Fern fronds may always be introduced
with safety,
and
loosened
If
this
method
be
followed
Peaches
much
frost.
by
with advantage. In the example I have quoted, if
frequently
to flourish in our
and Nectarines
dry southern
may be made
fewer flowers had been used and a little of the Maiden-hair
counties, where they have hitherto brought nothing but disappointment.
Fern mingled with them, the fl'itheavy effect might have been
The
altogetheravoided.
crowding together of a quantityof
essentials
Peach
culture
Tbe
for
two grand
stiffloam,
are
out flowers in a oonfased
is opposed to good taste and
mass
and a sunny climate."
or a very firm soil,
offensive to the eye, which, instead of being attracted and interested,
'

'

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

tires of tbe glare and confusion,and tarns to

soon
objectsof quietgrace and chaste simplicityfor that enjoyment
VAN-VOLXEMI.
TACSONIA
which it sought for and would have found in a well-madd
Is the fruit of tbe above magnificent climber eatable ? I
bouquet.
By way of applicationI will offer one or two simple rules have a plant which is producing an abundance of fruit about
the same
for the arrangement
the size of a hen's egg and of much
shape. The
of out flowers.
1. In selecting
the flowers,
let the colours be few, distinct,flowers are
exceedinglystrikingand showy, on account of the
or
and such as will harmonise with each other.
The
brilliant crimson
colour.
stalk,is very
flower-stem,
2. Do not crowd the flowers ; let each have space enough to slender,Irom 9 inches to a foot in length. This plant ought

either

of doors

out

columns, leavingthe
increasingforeignsupply out of the question
altogether. W. H. Gullipord, F.E.H.S., Covent Garden.
"

"

Van

eatable,and we have been informed hy

under
it when travelling
that he has 8DJ().ved
Ens.]
tropicalsun.

V.ilxem

influence of

waa
on

Thomas
Edward

Bradley

Ponlaon

Premier

....

....

J'osephW}nn
Thomas
Lanceley.
..,,

-GeorgeBeckett

Henry

Garaide

...

....

William Heath
S'aithfnlJameson

"Georf^e
Ridley

....

TVilliam Sanders
John Wynn
Thomaa Yoxall
John Taylor
Jos. Brotherton....
,

....

Eover

prizeMount

Pleasant

do

Stockwell

do
do

Antagonist
Maccaroni

do

Drill

do

Diadem

PLANTS.

do

Overseer

do

Clayton

do
do

Catherine

27

Surprise

25

17
8

do

Queen of the

do
do

Beauty

23
24

16

Hit,h Sheriff

26

12

do

Kongh

Green

23

do

White

Seedling

25

Weat

....

Tricolor

bought

I asked

my

niums.
and had a fine collection of Tricolor and other Geratold I was to leave my situation,
For doing this I was
old
I have written to my employer (an
and have done so.
lady
but she declines to
seventy-seven years of age)for a character,
her
I
have
do
served
I
her
to
eight
it.
Can
?
so
give
compel
I also broughtto
had anythingagainstme.
years, and never
her excellent references from my previousemployers. I never
had a blot on my character.
An Old Scbsceiber.

24

do

London
Leveller

25

do

Matchless

22

Lady Leicester

24

16

Eover

27

18

Clayton

27

13

your case is a very hard one.

your statement
is
said a short time ago, that no man
It only proves what
we
of bartering,
exchanging,and
safe to enter npon snoh a course
sellingwithout a written agreement to that effect from his
employer. A person said the other day, " Why, that would be

Maccaroni

25

22

like

17

Francis

Ploughboy
Eskender Bay

25

Taltourd

24
24

17

Edward

do they not forget as well as

character and respectability
are
be to any employer." We
can

Beauty

23

21

BradleyBradley

'

Falataff Inn, Market

prize

Stewards'

..

TO

RIGHT

GARDENERS'

Geraniums
Sunset,
employer's consent to
do so chiefly
my raisingseedlingGeraniums, saying I should
chester, in
Place, Mantime.
I also added that I should be able to exchange
my own
varieties as theycame
out.
and procure the new
My employer's
dwta.
gra
"
I do not see why you should not, and I daresay
answer
was,
29
II
last May my
Two
trifle
will
so."
a
by
doing
ago
get
years
7
28
you
sington.
to the exhibition at Kento take them
6
26
employer allowed me
16
I thought ; I disposedoJ the
27
All waa
open and fair,
16
varieties in
27
and received new
duplicateplantto a nurseryman,
2
27
exchange ; I also received a triflefor myself. I bought my
26
0
own
evenings in growing the
pota, and spent the summer
13
26
ployer,
plants. I kept duplicateplantsof my seedlingsfor my em20
25

SHOW.

GOOSEBERRY

at the Sir John

5th,

held

Francis Soars

the

About
six years ago I
Italia Dnita, and others.

Anguat

Oeorge Addis

Mr.

"

NATIONAL
This

and

enormous

or

fruit ia

[The

103

GABDENEB,

discontent recently expressed in your

ing
form for trainmost graceful
more
in the conservatory,
C.
those with pendulous flowers.
particularly
the
festoon-fashion,

to be trained
climbers

COTTAGE

AND

HOBTICULTUEE

OF

JOURNAL

AngOBt 10, 1871. ]

William Jones
Shaw
Thomas
Jamea Trelfall

....

"

do

do

"

BED.

"JosephBrotherton
Joseph Wynn
Joseph Wynn
"GeorgeRidley
Soars
Poulson
Thomas
Borrows
George Beckett
JEdward Ponlaon
Thomas
YoxaU

23

19

England

23

12

London

23

10

Catherine

27

18

Leveller

27

10

26

25

Dan's

Mistake

YELLOW.

"xeorgeAddis
George Addis
Thomas
Lanceley

Pleasant

Mount

Thomas
Shaw
John Barloif
Francis Soai-s
Thomas
Lanceley
Edward
Poulson
William Heath

Drill

Joseph Wynn

24

23

18

23
22

0
23

Oyster Girl

21

23

Oldham

21

Seedling
Lord

Scarhorough

Leade:

High

Sheriff

GREEN.

^reorgeAddis

StockweU

Faithful Jameson
George Addis
GeorgeBeckett
Thomaa Lanceley
Francis Soara
James Trelfall
John Taylor
William Heath
Thomas
Shaw

Visit

John

Plunder

Thumper
Surprise

21

23

Matchless

21

22

Seedling
Victory
Antagonist
Seedling

25

23

24

17

24

16

24

12

Hero

23

11

of Nile

King of Trumps

23

Overseer

23

Taylor

Faithful

22

12

Addis

Freedom

21

11

George
"

Thomas

much

as

think

word
to me
as a mere
that the whole
system
and
then exchanging
favourites,

gardener paying for pots to grow

than borders,
or
sellingthem, borders,or rather more
in the way
on
dangerous,and temptations are apt to oome
Appearances,
which ought rather to be kept out of the way.
too, are to be consulted ; and thoughit might be true that after
buyingpots,and counting your evening hours,and exchanging,
a

the

there

littlebenefit to

was

there
yourself,

would

be

no

want

of

making out of the

gossipingas to the " fine thing yon were
written agreement, then, we
say
a special
plants." Without
vate
decidedlyto a gardener.Be content to be a servant, and culticases
have known
what your employer purchases. We
where gardeners raised some
good seedlings,and for quietly
We
would
into trouble.
disposing of them
got themselves
advise you to write againto the lady in the most courteous way,
state shortlythe facts of the case, and solicitas a favour that
she would
not decline to give a character to you after eight
well conducted you
Unfortunately,however
years' service.
have

been, and

however

faithful your

conduct

to your

employer, you have no rightto demand or compel an employer

Of this we intend to say something byto give a character.
and-by. On the whole the gentry use their power well ; but it
at the mercy of
is a hard case for a good servant to be entirely
of one
whim
a mere
or
capriceof an employer, and especially
some
who rarelygivesa character to anyone.
We have known
deserving
hard cases
gardeners,such as where a good
among
the
in
of
the
head
have
starved
if
gardeners
man
some
might
neighbourhood had not stood his friends,stated the real facts

....

British Oak

Joseph Brotherton
William Sanders
William Heath
Thomas
Shaw

"
Well,
gentleman'sword in question."
other people ? and surelymy

may

....

General

Poulson

Shiner

WHITE.

Edward

of

callinga lady'sor

Telegraph
.

George Addis
Jdhn Taylor

[Accordingto

thus
and
of the leading nurserymen,
to some
better placewithout applyingfor a
to get a much
character
to his last employer. All such things,however,
should be avoided,and you had better propitiate
your employer
it. Could
if you should be a littlehumble
over
you not
even
ployers
bring to your help the good testimonials from former em? E. F.]

of the
enabled

case

him

"

Dobell, Seedsman,Nurthwich, Chairman.

GLAZING
COVENT

GARDEN

MONOPOLISTS,

TOP

WITHOUT

PUTTY.

that yon are

to correspondents,
your answers
yon will no doubt consider with us that the only fair,just, frequentlyasked for a cheap mode
of glazingwithout the top
and reasonable criterion of market pricesis the priceat which
If the glass is
cracks and looks bad.
putty, which so soon
the top
market
gardenerssupply their customers
bedded in putty in the ordinaryway and well sprigged,
; and judgingby this
this
recommend
of gentlemen'sgarstandard, referringto our sales on account
I think you
be omitted.
may
deners,putty may
so
houses
in comparison with those on
account
of professional mode.
has
several
Mr. W. Paul, of Waltham
Cross,
dailypurchases from the market gargrowers, and with our
drip his foreman thinks less
deners glazed,and there is no more
attending this maiket, we can find no reason
foi the than in those glazed in the ordinary
way, and the appearance
I

NOTICE

by

"

"

104

JOTJENAIi

OF

HOBTICULTDEB

AND

COTTAGE

GAEDENER.

[ Aognst 10, 1871.

's neater

and cleaner. A largehouse 116 by 30 wbioh we arc

building for him will be thus glazed. Ttie filletof the
rafters should be painted twice after the roof is glazed, and the
brush run a c[uarterof an inch on the glass. W. Kiveti.

to be comparativelyneglected. It is not often that the seeds

ripen perfectly,
owing, I presrme, to our not being able to give
it the bright sunlight it eijjoyain North
America, but the
plant is easilypropagatedby division justas growth cummences
still
mode
of
best
in
the
spring;
propagatingit ia to slipoff
the young shoots in spring when
from 2 to 3 inches long,and
MR.
SHEPPAED'S
BEDFORD.
insert them in sandy soil under a hand-glassor other covering.
NURSERY,
A good white companion with largeflowers,
and the plant quite
to spare before the opening of the
Having an hour or more
delion-leaved)
Horticultural Show, and having previonslyapprisedMr. Shep- as dwarf, may be obtained in CEnothera taraxacifolia (orDanthe foliage
being cut and lobed.
that is,Mr. Cadger and myself
we
pard of our intentions,
There
which
I
was
was
one
had the place all to ourselves,and had a very pleasantwalk
thing in
disappointed,and I
deserved to be so, as I might have known
I could not at this
round this neatly-kept,
well arranged nursery.
of
the
what
I
i-eason
see
On
expected.
that
the
first
struck
attention on enteryear
our
ing
my visit last year
Amongst
things
the houses
crammed
with small bedding plants, "c.
were
nice beds of Alpines and
were
some
Stonecrops,now,
These were
on
shelres,tier above tier,and many on back walls,
in rows, with a
happily,
coming into fashion,arranged chiefly
irons merely set in sockets,all the
at the end of each row.
good-sizedplant named
Among the supported on moveable
shelves
and irons being removed
when
not wanted, so as to
as Eeheveria
secunda glauoaand metallioa,
newer
subjects,
Semafford
taller
I ttioughtI could do
to
room
plantsin summer.
a
pervivum californicum,
fiue lot of Stonecrops,including
"c., were
much
in
the
makeshifts
of
and
but I felt I was
Sedum
cramming,
way
variegatnm roseum, a fioe variegatedSemperfar behind Mr. Sheppard, and wanted to see more
of it,but, of
neat littleplantsof Aubrietia purpurea
vivum, and some
varieall gone, to come
hack again in winter.
course, these shelves were
gata, with small,dense,white shoots and small leaves,justthe
Notwithstanding the large bed at the Show
ferred
previouslyreplant for those who delightin the dwarf in floral display,and
still a good many
to, there were
bedding plantsto come
in as a hardy companion to the Alteradmirablyfitted to come
and
and
there
of
the
best
out
were
nantheras
planted
in pmall scrolls and edgings. Of itself this is a
go upon,
groups
Tricolor Geraniums
and the best scailets,
includingYesuvius,
neat compact plant a few inches in height,but in contrast with
which I will increase,
a brightscarlet,
and a good quantityof
such plants as Alternantheras
it would be invaluable.
Were I
a dwarf, fuU-petalled,
called Glow.
zonal-leaved,dark scarlet,
doing small scrollwork I should multiplyit by hundreds.
in a small bed, and find that
some
of ours
Here, too, if I mistake not, I found what I have not lately I have measured
from
bed
the
the
of
surface
the
of
the
flowers
is just
top
to
little plants of the Plumbago L4rpenta3,
seen, a lot of neat
I can
this beautiful varietyfor
8 inches.
named
after Lady Lirpent,and introduced
safelyrecommend
from China about
1845.
As far as I recollect Mr. Donald
Beaton
helped in his small beds or low edgings.
of grouping floweringplants a
enthusiasm
Amongst the combinations
to bring this plant into rather too prominent
hints to the posnotice as a bedding plaut,which the fagaoeouscharacter of its very good thing close to a house, as aff.irding
sessors
of the smallest gaidens as to the most effectivemodes
thin petals and the lateness of its blooming did not warrant.
them
of
I
with
most
was
a
arranging
pleased
gram
Still the colour is a beautiful light blue, the habit of the
long parallelobed, as far as I recollect about 25 feet in length and 5 or
or
plant good, and on a mound
a wild
rockeryit looks very
6
width.
This
bed
was
feet
in
formed
into
in
a sort of chain
in
the
I
had
autumn.
it
in
such
a
pretty
positionfor many
the centre, the links formed of Perilla,
and the longerpiecesof
years, but iu recent, changes I fear it has gone along with other
filled with Tricolor Geraniums
good old plants. Mr. Knight, the predecessorof the Messrs. three ovals. It was
; Louisa
Smith at one end, Sunset at the other,and Italia Unita in the
Veitch at Chelsea,had the stock and brought it out, and meant
the
All
round
the
and
centre.
to make
Perilla,
Tricolors,,
kept dwarf,
little fortune by it,as, so far as I rPooHect,the
a
was
a
row
of Golden
Pyretbrnm. The intermediate spaces
first email plants were
three half-guineas
each.
I was
never
nantheras
Alterfilled
with
Lobelia
Erinus
and
were
deceived mvself, for on
closely
compacta
visitingthe nursery at the end of
whilst the edging all round was
planted
alternately,
July Mr. Kuight tamed the key of the privatehmiKe where
thicklywith Eoheveria glanca. There was just one departure
the rarest plants were
kept,and said," There, Mr. Pish, what
now

"

"

"

"

"

from strict symmetry, and this was

at one
do you
think of that ?
A beautiful healthy
corner; inste"d of
stock."
young
the Lobelia there was
the Leptotiphon roaeus,
a
And
so
it was, a whole houseful of Plumbago Larpentte; but
pretty little
annual for miniature
flower beds.
Such
an
what of the bloom ? for hardly a singlebloom was
arrangement was
to be seen.
artistic and tellingthan planting in mere
ii^
mixture
or
And I added, If the plant do not bloom
freelyout of doors more
"e.
lines,and could be diversified at will by circles,triangles,
before this time you will get yourself into trouble after such a
In walking round
I noticed fine floweringplants of thesounding of trumpets." Mr. Knightwas himself deceived ; but,
feathery Sumach
(Rhus Ootinuf),Spirsea aiitefolia,the old
as
I believe he offered to all pura characteristic of the man,
chasers
with
its
frutex
of flowers,good quarters
Spirseii
upright mass
in other plantsthe value paid,such as Azaleas,Camellias,
of fine young plantsof Wellingtoniagigantea,Cupressus,"c.;.
As the plants were
bulbs,"e.
not in bloom
I may even
but
I
in
addition
to
be
must
content,
neatness, with noticing
be
to
now
miBtnlien as
its identity,
but if true it is well worthy
three of the specialities
of the nursery.
two or
By the sides
of a place on a knoll in the rockwork
select shrubbery.
or
the principalwalks there are
stifJ specimens of the best
Passing groups of Cytisus,Coronilla,
Crassula,"o., ia their of
enough for every
Cypresses,Pinuses,and evergreens, with room
summer
quarters, and a fine group of hardy Ferns in pots in a
plant to grow freelywithout encroachingon its neighbour,and
shaded corner
which Athyrium Pilix-fcEminacristatum
among
The same
if
often
lifted
and
as
were
replanted.
looking
they
and Lastrea
Filixmas
crietata preponderated I must
notice
carried out, not only as respectsto be likewise
rule seemed
two dwarf yellow-flowering
plants,of which there were a considerable
forest
quantityin pots and beds,anything but new, as they fruitingtrees,"c., but to be extended to the commoner
to develope
even
Spruce trees io generalhaving room
have been in the conntry for the best part of a
century,but trees,
without
such
themselves
plants could
crowding. Of course
both would he useful for dwarf beds, especially
to those who
those the ssme
in height but
not be sold at the same
as
money
stitute
say they are forced to give up the yellow Calceolariasand subdrawn up thicklyin lines. For all particular,
and even
general
in tbeir place yellow-leavedplants,as Tricolor Geraniums
the plants that had room
in the nursery, if fairly
very beautiful it is true, but still to my eye not fillingpurposes,
taken up, would prove to be the cheapestbargainin the end
up the place of yellow flowers. The first of these plants is
a simple fact that many
plantersare slow to learn. Lastly,
Linum
than from 6 to 9 inches
flavum,rarelygrowing more
fully
carein height, and producing its bright yellow flowers in great every piece of ground unoccupied by nursery stock was
filledwith
the
best
kinds
of roots, vegetables,
and fruits.
abundance.
This plant is hardy in lightwell-drained soils,
No
these
would
received
doubt
to
the
orders
help
supply
but in damp places it is well worthy of a little protectionin
many
I can.
for such things at the elegantshop in the High Street.
winter,as a dry frame or a dry place in an orchard house.
It
that the changing of the cnps
from nursery
easily
imagine
is freelypropagatedby seeds and cuttings. It is
very suitable
is eatable would greatlytend to keep the
for a dwavf yellowbed or dwarf edgings,and in a low regular stock into that which
the
be especiallysuitable when
figurewould come
in well wjih the low crimson
and puiple ground in good heart, and
doubt have seen
close
We would no
was
a
to
town.
Alternantheras. The second is a low but strong-growingherbaceousnursery
if Mr. Sheppard had been with us, but my friend and
idant,growing from a foot to 15 inches in height,but more
myself found in his absence there was much to learn. B. Fish.
and pegging down.
may be kept lower by trailing
It is the
(Eiiothera macrocarpa,
its large
bearing in great abundance
bright orange flowers. Hardly anything will produce such a
Thojison
Vine.
on
the
We are glad to see another and
of dwarf colouring,
mass
and jet this fine old plant ia getting a seventh edition of this popular " Treatise on the Vine " of
"

"

"

"

"

"

"

jouenaij

lOS

and

horticulture

op

cottage

[ Angnst 10, 1871.

gardener.

ment
vegetablesfor family use, as in most cases disappointinferior qualitieswill be the result. Anyone at alt
with the nature
of liitchen-garden
conversant
for consultation on all week days from
produce is well
open
10 A.M. to 4 P.M. ; except on the meeting and exhibition days of the
the qualityof vegetablesbecomes
deteriorated
how much
aware
Horticnltnral
seeded
the
when
and
Boyal
Society.
same
ground year after year.
upon
grown
the library
for purposes
the rightof closing
2. The Trnstees reserve
and economy
Prudence
would, therefore,
suggestleavingseedof re-arrangement, cleaning.
"c., when such may be required.
saving to those who make it both a business and a stady.
3. The Fellows and officers of the Royal Horticultural Societyshall
remains
undone
in the way of planting-outBroccoli
Whatever
have access
at all times, when it is open, on application
to the library
be finished without delay. Now
is a
and Winter Greens, must
to the Assistant Secretary,
Royal Horticultural Society.
good time to sow a few Carrots to stand through the winter.
must
4. Gardeners
and others,not Fellows or officersof the Society,
and
Still keep up
Sow
also Parsley for winter
spring use.
make
to one or other of the Trustees,or to the Assistant
application
successional
for permission
to use
sowings of Lettuces and Radishes, the growing
Secretaryof the Royal Horticultural Society,
Suw
be liberally
and addresses in a book provided crops of which
must
and shall signtheir names
the library,
supplied with water.
for that purpose.
of winter Onions, the Strasburg and
also a tolerable breadth
the loan of books to be taken from the library Tripoliare the best.
5. Persons
requiring
Sow thicklyfor drawing young for salads
rian
to the Trustees (addressed
to the Librawritten application
must make
and for transplanting. About the middle of the week is the
Horticultural Society,
for the time being,at the officesof the Royal
PricklySpinach for the winter ; the ground
proper time to sow
the
who
are
on
South Kensington),
preparedto accord this privilege
should be good, but not too lioblymanured, as it is apt to make
conditions viz. :
following
liable
the
too
strong, which renders them the more
plantsgrow
of the
known
to one or more
{a)That the borrower be personally
of a shower to sow
the opportunity
Trustees
officers of the Society,
at least shall produce to injuryfrom frost. Seize
or
or
another breadth of late white Turnips,
references.
satisfactory
ing
for the volumes, before remov(h)That the borrower signa receipt
garden.
PRUiT
for that purin a book provided
them from the premises,
pose
tention
Peaches, Nectarines,and Apricots,must have constant atand
to restore the books in good condition,
; undertake
in keeping them well nailed to the walls to guard against
laid down by the
to comply with the regulations
generally
high winds ; the fruit,also,must be exposed to the action of the
Trnstees.
fine flavour and good colour.
as
much
as
possibleto secure
than three volumes be lent to one person at the sun
(c)That not more
Continue
fresh plantationsof Strawberries ; let tho
to make
time.
same
books
and
shall ground be deeply trenched,
6. The Trustees will exercise their discretionas to what
apply, if possible,a good
illustrated
le lent out, but as a rule unbound
Strawberries generallysucceed best
periodicals,
expensively
portionof fresh stiffloam.
reference,such as are likelyto be in on ground with a cold bottom.
works, and works of common
must not be removed from
within the libraryitself,
frequent
requisition
flower
garden.
the premises.
should be commenced
Propagation of the stock for next season
shall be returned to the librarywithin one
7. All books borrowed
at
and
carried
with
on
expedition,so as to secure
once,
calendar month from the date of issue, but an extension of time may
out
a lot of strong,well-established
plants before winter, and withbe granted on application
to the Trustees.
the necessityof keeping them so close and warm
duce
as
to in8. The
Assistant
Secretary or ActingLibrarian is empowered to
detained beyond the predemand
of the borrowers
such books as are
scribed
weakly growth and a watery habit. To be able to winter
the
the
time, and to take such stepsas may be necessary to secure
should
be
cuttings
bedding stock safelywith ordinary care,
prompt return of the same.
to allow of having them
earlyin the autumn
put in sufficiently
9. The loss of any book, or any injury
sustained,shallbe made good well established and fit to be exposed to the
open air by tha
by the person who has lost or injuredthe same.
middle of next month.
Hollyhocks are very generalfavourites,
these
10. The
the rightof repealing
Trustees reserve
or
altering
but do not afford cuttingsfreely. These should be examined
be required.
from time to time as may
regulations
often for any cuttings which
they may afford,as those rooted
The ActingLibrarian is James
Richards,Esq.
about this time will make
fine strong plants for next season.
We
omitted
Knight's
Peach.
Maeexy
Admibable
to
tha
Attend
the
these
and Dahlias,
and go over
of
to
tying
state in our report of the last meeting of the Fruit Committee,
for the purpose of regumasses
of Verbenas, "c., frequently,
lating
hibited
that the excellent Peach called Knight'sMarkly Admirable, exSow at
the growth, and preservingorder and neatness.
Hailsham, received a firstby Mr. Knight, nurseryman,
Ten-week
and Intermediate
once
Stocks for spring-flowering;
class certificate.
also transplantBrompton and Qaeen Stocks,and if the situations
of the
Mk. EncKER's
The followingare some
Orchids.
in which they are to flower are not at libertyprickthem
the first day's sale
on
prices reelieed at Stevens's Rooms
in
of
to
them
out
plenty space
prevent
nursery beds, allowing
(August8th),of this magnificentcollection :
nations
weakly growth. Proceed with all expedition to layer CarRemove
Aerides Lobbi, splendidspecimen,
"12 12s. ; Masdevallia species,
and Piootees.
decayed petalsfrom those pods
"5 10.5.; Cymbidium
Plant out seedlingsin beds where
in which
seed is formed.
tought by Mr. Rucker for M. elephauticeps,
"8 10s.; Masdevallia Candida,"6 10s. ; Saccoeburnenm, fine plant,
they may stand through the winter for blooming. Plant out
"8 ; CattleyaDominiana,
labium guttatum,Mr. Rucker's No. 3 variety,
reoolleot
Pink pipingson rich prepared beds. The amateur
must
fine variety,
showingflower,the finest specimenin the country,"21 ; that if he requiresfine laced flowers they must be plantedand
in flower,
Epidendrnm vitellinum majus,best variety,
very fine plant,
well established before autumn.
Water Dahlias ; at this season
"16
10s. ; OdontoglossnmtriumphansMarshallianum, "7 ; Cattleya
Auriculas
and Polyanthuses in
Rnckeri, very rare, fine plant,"15 15s. ; Vanda Denisoniana, fine they require a good supply.
th"
the many
demands
on
not be forgottenamid
labiata,autumn-floweringvariety, pots must
plant,fourteen leaves,"5 ; Cattleya
attention at this season.
amateur's
Keeping in a shady place
the finest specimen in the country,"36 15s. ; Vanda
Batemanii, in
amabilis,fine speciflower,twenty-twoleaves,"5 10s. ; Phalaenopsis
men, and clear of dead leaves and weeds, will be sufficient. Attend
of the three plants
one
imported by Messrs. Rollisson, to saving choice perennial and biennial flower seeds ; these
originally
De"6 10s. and "4 ; Cattleya
"8 10s. ; PhaliBnopsis
Schilleriana,
should be watched daily,and collected as they ripen. I do not
Toniana,"15 ; Colax jugosus,
very rare, "8 10s. ; Aerides quinque- urge this operation being carried out to a greatextent, as the
"7
sesfine
leaves,
in
vulnemm,
; Angraecnm
plant, bloom, twenty
would not be adequateto the expense and trouble of collecting
returns
"15 15s. ; Oncidium Barkeri,"7 ;
qnipedale
superbum,a fine specimen,
and cleaning,except in the case
of those showy species
"9 ; DendrobinmWardii,
Mossiae superba,
Cattleya
splendid
specimen,
and varieties some
of which every flower gardenerpossesses and
fine plant,two strong
fine plant,
rare, "15 ; Cypripediumleevigatum,
cultivates. Take the opportunity of fine days for collecting;
growths,"8 10s. ; Aerides Veitchii,fine specimen,"22 Is.; Aerides
tie
them
into
bundles, and label them correctly. Those
up
"14 10s. ; Cattleyaexoniensis,
from Borneo, a rare variety,
Fieldingii,
fine plant, "12
or
12s. ; Epidendrnm verrncoaum
nemorale, "11 ; which have burst their seed vessels should be gathered into
tilla wet day occurs, whea
"Vanda insignis,
Bensonioj,a very fine pans ; placethem in the seed room
true, "12 15s. ; Dendrobinm
nobile pendulum, magnificent they can
in bloom, "5 ; Dendrobium
be rubbed out.
variety,
i
n
"15.
specimen, basket,
for the

ton, is open

use

of the

public,under

the

following

tivatin
and

regulations:
1. The
libraryis
"

"

"

"

"

"

greenhouse

and

conbervatort.

We
shall soon
have short, sunless, damp
days and long
nights; therefore look over the stock of pot plants,and see that
other
or
of them
none
are
sufferingfrom want of pot room
garden.
kitchen
wood
attention necessary to assist them
for
to make
Pat
due attention to thinning-out and surface-stirring
young
Also see that proper care is afforded to
floweringnext season.
amongst all advancing crops. Gather and store seeds of such
while
in
active
in
the
growth
choice vegetables as it may be considered advisable to preserve,
plants
borders,for
any late-growing
much
more
will be necessary, and insects will be much
water
tempted
to be atbut anything very extensive in this way ought never
of
that
in
the
have
comcase
of
culmore
troublesome
than
in gardens exclusively
plants
to
the
devoted
purpose

WORK

FOR

THE

WEEK

JOUKNAL

Angast 10, 1871.]

OF

HOKTIOTJLTUKE

AND

COTTAGE

GABDBNEE.

107

send a good dish of the large blue Pea as the chief vegetable
after the Luonlias, and
Look
carefully
This Conqueror Pea is almost the only one
for dinner.
them
we
beep them clear of their greatenemy black thrips,affording
plenty of water at the roots, and give an occasional supply of know that needs no help,but a short boilingin soft water with
weak clear manure
water to old plantsthat may not be growing justa grainof salt in it. It needs with soft water no carbonate
until they have made
freely,
plentyof wood to insure a grand of soda to keep it green, and it is so sweet that a dash of sugar
of any rich sauce
or
should not be given to spoilsit, and we would
water
say the same
display of flowers, but manure
dressing.
young specimens in vigorous health,as it is apt to induce too
like
of
Scarlet
Runners
to
t
all
the
as
we
see
one
flower
sticks,
which
seldom
state
in
covering
a
profusely.
they
gross
habit,
Tbe Luoulia is amongst the most
sightsin a garden when in full bloom and full bearing,
prettiest
splendid and useful of our
but weightfor weight of pods we
have obtained as much from
tention,
conservatory plants,and well deserving of every care and atof Banners
distance apart that had their
at the same
of the
rows
and when
planted in the border it is also one
several
and
which would thus without
times,
easiest to manage.
fine heads of blossom,however, pointsnipped out
To secure
than 18 or 24 inches
sticks get broad at bottom, and not be more
the plantsshould be afforded a comparative rest of a few weeks
thus grown, we have frequently
in height. When
after about the middle of next month, keeping the roots rather
placeda little
long grass or litter along the sides of the row to keep the pods
dry, and exposing the plants as freelyto air as can be done
without
the adjacent
or
specimens. See clear from the dashingup of earth by heavy rains. Unless,
iojuring the foliage,
of the dwarfer and earlier Peas, we would
come then, for a few rows
tbnt old large specimens of Camellias are not allowed to benot be profitablefor the cottagerto grow
set their buds, for say that it would
too dry at the roots after they have
them
unless
he
could stake them ; whilst,on the other hand,
this is what generallycauses
them to drop their buds, about
tions
of rich nutriwhich
hear so many
we
complaints.Young vigorous plants, hardlyanythingwould give him such an amount
food as the Scarlet Runner
grown in rows, say 4 feet apart,
however, frequentlyrequire to be watered rather sparinglyat
and trouble of staking; though a
the expense
this period to prevent them making a second growth. Cinerarias and without
be growing freely
for earlyfloweringshould now
pinching-ontof the pointsof the strongestshoots would bo
; attend
if repeated twice or thrice after the plants
to them with shifting,
desirable,even
"(!.,as may be necessary, for if they are
The
the first blooms
showed
bloom.
to set
to form largespecimens for floweringin winter,they must not
stopping causes
a
nd
rather helps others to show more
be allowed to sustain any check after this time ; also take off more
quickly,and
freely,
than a dense row
ornamental
suckers and pot for spring floweringas they can
be obtained. we hardly know of anything more
of bloom
Herbaceous
demand
Calceolarias will now
attention;put in of such Beans, clothed from end to end with masses
freelythe latter are
concealingthe pods below, and the more
oattiogsof favourite sorts in order that they may be rooted as
as
soon
possible. The stock of hardy shrubs in pots for next gathered,so as to prevent the ripeningof the seeds,the more
season's
freelywill successions of bloom and pods come.
forcing,if their growth Is completed,
may be laid on
their sides facing the south ; this will assist to ripen their
Merely as an ornamental
row, or as part of a ribbon-border,
rather use these Scarlet Bunners, stumped in,
would much
woiid and prevent their making autumn
shoots.
After a short
we
of bloom
to do
which they will be sure
so
as
time remove
to show masses
them to the shade of the north wall for the winter.
if the pods are rather closely
picked than ute Beet or coloured
STOVE.
remind
of the
however
too much
one
beautiful,
Miny hardwooded
specimens when kept Greens, which,
spring-flowering
of flowers do
salad and the kitchen,which the mere
masses
where there is not sufiicient sunshine
growing late in the autumn

pletedtteir growth.

"

"

to properlyripen the wood, seldom flower strongly; therefore

give every encouragement to such as have not made their
the shading very sparingly after this time.
growth, and use
The
twiners here will now
be at perfection;keep them
well
suppliedwith water at the roots, and pay frequentattention to
the
shoots
and
the
blooms
the
in
most
regulating
disposing
cffrctivemanner.
Tbe Allamandas
fine plants for pot
are
culture,bat to have them in perfectionthey must be planted
out in the border of the stove, and trained to the pillars
back
or
wall,where they flower magnificentlyduring a greatpart of the
Tbe brilliant Clerodendron
year.
splendens,the Combretums,
E whites splendens, Stephanotis floribunda,and
other
many
first-rateplants do extremely well when
treated in the same
and trained near
the glass. W. Eeane,
manner
"

DOINGS

OF

LAST

THE

KITCHEN

GAEDEN.

Wb

WEEK.

For
not.
useful must

masses

of scarlet where

the ornamental

and

the

to the Scarlet Banner

us
combined, commend
without staking.
grown as a mass
of bloom, much
Even
here as to masses
will depend on
closelypickingoff the young pods. One pod allowed to ripen
will exhaust the plant more
than a score of
its seed perfectly,
pods with the seeds justforming. Some cottagershave done
in boxes,or in a placewhere
well by sowing their Bunners
they could protectthem with a cloth in April,hardening o",
planting out early,and protectingwith a few leafytwigs at
and then they would be satisfied with moderate gatherings
first,
In some
and save the seed for sale to neighbouring seedsmen.
this paid well,but on the whole where there is a family
seasons
economical
to allow as
to supply, it will generally be most
pods to ripen as will furnish enough of well-matured seeds
many
for the followingyear, and gather all the rest when comparatively
be

young.
and packhave tried taking up the roots late in autumn
ing
them
closelyin dryishearth during the winter,and then
plantingthem out at the beginning of May, but, on the whole,
the more
came
to the conclusion that it was
profitable
plan
we
in the long run to depend on the seeds, and in a very cold and
backward
spring to give the young plants a little simple protection.
The most prolific
varieties of the KidneyBean are very
economical
for the cottager,such as the Negro, the Crean?colonred.Sir Joseph Paxton, and the Newington, when the pods
if small rows
of these are grown
used whole ; but even
are
of nutritious
2 feet apart,theywill not yieldsuch an amount
We

prepared ground for sowing Cabbages,Lettuces,Endive,

For all such crops
Onions.
that are to stand the winter,and produce heavily
in spring,it
is well to have the ground deeply stirred,
the manure
placed at
the bottom, and the surface left a little firm,and rather
poor
in comparison. We
believe we
should have lost fewer of our
Cabbageslast winter if the first layerof soil had been less lioh,
and the plants had grown less in the beginning of the winter.
If. hiiwever,
we
were
of the weather, it would
sure
be quite
different; for standingwell it is advisable that plants should
4 feet apart.
of Bunners
food as dwarf rows
be encouraged to root
and to take hold of the richest
Whilst
for small cottagegardens in the country,then, we
deeply,
soil.
of Banners, we cannot
recommend
these dwarf nnstaked
rows
Peas have produced much
and
this season.
small court gardensin London
than common
more
forgetseeing many
Even
Veitch's Perfection has been perfectionas to quantity other largetowns, and in thickly-populated
suburban districts,
with us, which, when
the
fences
of
with
fore. where the Bunners, planted against
boundary
compared
others,it hardlywas beWe have compared some
cords
of the new
so
sorts with old ones,
brick or wood, and encouraged to mount
up on
many
but taking size,colour,and flavour,
that
find as yet none
we
equal or pieces of string,made you forgetfor several months
to tbe No Plus Ultra or Jeyes'sConqueror
in a sooty atmosphere, and in imagination,at leasi,
; the only drawback
you were
is,that it will grow to such a heightthat in such a season
in the country with all its attractions,
as
you could find yourself
this poles as well as long sticks would
be necessary to do it whilst the food obtained from such a lovelycoveringof fences
the
kindness
From
of
friend
a
justice.
we
hope ere long to see
anythingbut pretty,was very considerable. An old friend
and form an opinion on
of the best new
Peas which we
the EnnneriS,
some
of ours, now
at the Antipodes, used to grow
have not grown ourselves.
In the meantime, we are fortified Bhubarb, Sea-kale,and the bulk of our common
vegetablesin
in the above opinion from the simple fact that havingsent for a small
garden,in a very close neighbourhood justover the
table fine Supremes and Perfections,
that they bridgesin London.
with buildingson every
He was hemmed-in
a message
came
would do admirablyfor certain purposes, but if possibleto side,but there was
an
openingfor the prettyfree entrance of

Turiips,Kidishes, Spinach, and

JOUENAL

108

OF

HOETICULTUEB

AND

COTTAGE

GAEDENEE.

[ August 10, 1871.

These Runners, and many

snnligbtfrom the sonth-weBt.
plants,will do well with a littleextra care if there be an

other
The Celerygrub greatlydisfigures
Celeryby leavingso many
brown
lifeless spots on
the leaves.
reach it,
Nothing can
opening
from east or west, but better stillone
to the south.
If the
it is between
the two
secure
as
skins of the leaf, except
pected, squeezing or
opening is only to the north, little or nothing could be exnipping-offand burning. The flythat deposits
in such oases
have seen
fair returns.
the egg from which the maggot comes
we
is easilykept away, if a
though even
The great secret of success
is dusted over
in the case
referred to was
littlefine
the leaves.
soot
simply
Soot-watering is not
this
after warm
so
effectual,as the smell does not continue so long. We have
days in July, August, and September, as
there was
to think that a few fresh spruce branches
stuck among
plenty of water laid on, he used a syringe,engine, reason
We
have scarcelybeen
or
watering-potwith a fine rose, to wet and partlywash the the branches keeps the flyaway.
leaves of the plants.
troubled with this maggot annoyance
since we
gave a slight
"

For

the benefit of all our young readers who, livingin towns,

try for a prizeat a flower show, we would let out the
that though soil,and watering at the roots, and
generalattention are all necessary, the keeping the leaves clean
by sprinkling,
washing, and sponging is the most important of
all. With such care
it is rarelythat an
insect will have the
rashness
to show itself. Clear water is also the best antidote
mum
minia
against a sooty sulphurous atmosphere. Of course
of such attention is required in the clear atmosphere of
the country. Oar friend in London, however, used to say that
after even
valuing his odd hours of labour spent on his little
garden, he could have small salad. Lettuces, Cabbages, and
Scarlet Eiinners at about half the money
be would have had to
have paid the greengrocer;
but then what was
to be bought was
mot worth half of that which was
fresh gathered or cut just
before nsing.
Peas proved a poor return in such a close,shaded, sulphurous,
and sooty atmosphere. Nothing on the whole paid better than
the Suarlet Eunners.
We well recollect that on the gableof an
"outhouse they were
fully20 feet in height, and some
hoops
thrown
the walks in several places put one
over
in mind
of
Eden's bowers, and caused grimy London
to be out of mind for
a time.
It may be here worth noting that our first acquaintancewith
the Scarlet Banner when a boy in Scotland,was seeingit treated
a
of
as
in matters
floweringplant by some
cottagers, who
taste were
far in advance of their fellows. We looked upon the
seed
and
we
beantitully-marked as something wonderful,
clearly
recollect how
they sowed two or three seeds in a 7-inch pot
in April,kept the pot inside the window
until the plants
a foot or
in height,and then turned them outside
more
were
the sill,
on
one
at each corner, and trained them
to a string
"/astfned to a few nails up and round
the window, and most

with
sprinkling

beautiful they looked with their masses

of green leaves and
bright flowers. We
presume
any pod"!that appeared were

Strawberryplantspreparatoryto placingthem
in fruitingpots in an exposed place. Our fruit is gettingthin,
shall have the rows
and beds cleaned,dressed,
and when over
we
soon
as
as possible.
and mulched
have plenty of ai' and be kept
Grapes that are ripemay now
and even
beginning to show
cool. Lite Grapes swellicgfreely,
signs of colouring,will be all the better of a btt e additional
In
weather.
dull
a
bright day it will hardly be
heat in this
Let us bear in mind, that Grapes ripe by tbe middle
wanted.
of September will be better to eat,and will keep hinging better
through the winter, than those we gnve fire heat to to ripen
apt to make
later. Singularlyenough the red spider is more
as
in houses in such a vaiiible season
this,than
its appearance
and
more
is
the sunshine
bright, and that,
regular
when
of
ture
moisless
are
we
because
thoughtful
atmospheric
perhaps,
Hence, sulphur on open parts of
than in brightweather.
the heatingmedium, be
would
or
on
strike,
the wall where sun
it pipe or flue,is of importance for keeping that littleenemy
in late houses ; but let it be clearlyrecollected,that
away even
heated medium, the heat should not
a
in placing sulphur on
above
be
160", rarely reach 170". Even when leaves escape,
kinds of Grapes suffer in the berry if tlje heat ia higher
many
the above temperature.
than
Many plants also suffer,and
hairs.
fine Ferns like the various Maiden
especially
was
The first part of the season
good for Melons. What we
has
have
scarcelybeen so good. We
latelypassed through
for tbe benefit of those who
hope there will be a brightautumn
love this rather trying fruit. It is well so to regulate the

mean

to

great secret

plucked off,and

we

questionvery much if these lovers of the

use
them, if they had permitted them to

beautiful knew how to

grow.
No

doubt matters have greatlyaltered site? then in this

respect, but it has often appeared to us somewhat
singular
that 9 people,and more
especially,
perhaps,the peasantry and
artisans,should have been so distinguishedas the Scotch for
rugged moral force and intellectual vigour,and yet have so
little love
would
nay, a sort of contempt, ior that which
have
so
ministered to the variety,and the healthiness,and
recollect that when a
"economy of their dining-tables.We can
"

well-to-do weaver
his fine Lettuces,and used them as an
grew
accompaniment for breakfast and tea, and at other times,there
a
was
sort of looking-down upon
him as a mean
epicure,who
wished
to imitate " the gentility."The last time we bad the
ohance of lookingin on cottagegardens in Scotland there was
great advance

in the variety
of vegetables grown ; but even
not up to the mark
of what may every day be
in the cottagegardens of the south,though the owners
of
"the latter may not be so distinguished
the former for general
as
knowledgeand intellectual vigour. We do not see why a certain
amount
of mental vigour should not be accompanied with that
refinement that enables one
ings
to enjoy and appreciatethe blessthat Providence
has put within our reach.
We do admire
the self-restraint in the young, which leads to a stern denial of
what otherwise would be pleasing,in order to attain a good
definite purpose ; but we have no
sympathy with that real or
affected narrow
stoicism,which treats with indifference the
and enjoyments that Providence
has placed within
blessings
the reach of honest industrious effort. There can be no doubt
that variety
of food is not only pleasing,
but greatlycontributes
to health and enduring strength. In contradiction to this,we
have been referred to tbe ploughmen in Scotland,so robust
and muscular
when
though the chief items of their
young,
livingused to be milk and oatmeal ; but in answer
could also
we
have referred to the greatnumber
that became prematurely old
a

"then

theywere

seen

and enfeebled.

fine soot

once

or

FRUIT

twice

during the

summer.

GARDEN.

Some

Peach trees have suffered so severelythat all which remains

to be donn is to take the crop which they yieldand replant
fine walls that wanted renewing
in fresh soil. We have known
thus three times
than thiity years, the
in something more
trees
standing healthy only fourteen or fifteen years after
planting,and generallyless or more
succumbing after a winter
than usually cold. Where
more
only slightlyaff-cted,care
must
be taken to secure
growth
healthy
by remuving all nnhealthy parts, curled and blotched leaves, stopping any strong
shoots that the healthy sap should be more
tqually diffused,
freelyusing the syringeearlyin the afternoon after a brightday,
and assistingthe roots by mulching, and in some
fresh
cases
soil. In most cases
where the trees have suft-ired moat
this
the
had
do
with
roots
to
the
cold
it,
extreme
nothing
season,
with warm
intermissions,and then cold again with damp,
In many
(he trees
cases
having injared the wood to the core.
showed
littlesignsof what they had passed through until the
blossom
began to open, but the channels of c "mmiinication
had been so iojuredthat in many
cases
small sh" ots and even
branches died-off outright. Such a season
shows the importance
of a glasscoveringfor walls for keeping the trees dry, and
them in the most severe
frosts.
a s'illatmosphere around
in the wood
Oar Apricot trees suffered a good deal, but more
than in the blossom-buds, as though some
gape have been left,
now
are
and several branches
threateningto give way, tbe
the whole is heavy but late. Few Apricits would be
crop on
north of London, at least
this
much
in
July
gatheredripe
year
have s^en.
As soon
should say so, judging from what we
we
bush fruit and shorten and
our
as
possiblewe shall go over
It is difficult to gel done what we wish
shoots.
thin summer
to do.
Cut off young

to have too much

posed
foliageexMelon shrinks more
from the
should be
does, and therefore more
knife than
done
by disbudding than knifing or cutting the shoots off.
heated
houses
in
or
by hot water
pits
Melons, too, when grown
In such
sensitive to sulphur fumes than Cucumbers.
more
are
frame
boxes, it is safest to use it with a little
pits,and even
the walls inside exposed to the sun's rays, and
lime to wash
not to put the sulphur on the heatingmedium.

shoots

by disbudding, as

to

dedininR sun.
the Cucumber

not

The

DEPARTMENT.

ORNAMENTAL

Never did tbe lawna show

richer green, and

never

ooold

Angast 10,1871. ]

JOURNAL

OF

HORTIOULTURB

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

109

lime. If ynu could not obtain such material as the above, you might add
ever,
more
propitiousto fresh-laidturf. Even now, howa
bulk of produce, and the refuse
of the nitrate of Foda to give you
Pelargoniums,though fair,are not up to the mark in of little
You
will be in no
that would
in again as valuable monure.
all come
massiveness
of bloom.
soil and bright danger Irum
in a warm
They delight
the superphosphate. For a lasting manure
nothing beats
bones ground or crushed iutu fmall pieces like pens and beans, but such
also to give massiveness
as
well
sunshine. We want more
sun
does not tell the firtt season
like the superphosphate.
to the Coleus.
A good judge the other day greatly manure
as colour
Rolled
would
Glass
(W. r.)."We
prefer the
for
Plant
Houses
preferredthe Coleus Versohaffelti edged with the white-leaved
We should
rolled glass for the roofs "f all kinds
of plant houses.
patent
cseruleum varieCentaurea to that edged wiih the Polemonium
not object to the front glass being the same,
except Jor this" that you,
the best edging. We
as
gatum, which we had recommended
would DOt see in or out.
would prefer tbe front tu be
On the whole we
In the case, of fruit houses we"
rather more
must
than mere
fancy in the opinion sheet glass merely on that account.
say there was

he

season

our

of ourfjiend.
Polemonium

Last

of the sun"

season, in the full blaze

the roost direct light is needed.

prefer the clear sheet, as in dull seasons
We
there is
in this.
be prejudiced, however,
For plant houses
may
We must
enough of lightfrom rolled glass,and no shading is iiecessary.
limited with fruit
been
add, however, that our experience has
more
houses, but it led us to tho a' ove inference.

the

so
comparatively
season,
is not so bright,
and has more

splendid. This

was

drippingand dull,the Polemonium

cut foliage.
green and less of white and yellowin its beautifully
Arrangement
Greenhouses
(An Old Subscriber).
Lean-to
Small
of
In a favourable season
still think that nothing can surpass
we
We think vou
before building your
all matters
should have considered
this
is quiteas
but
the
Centaurea
must
own
it,
^ear as yet we
front wall.
If that wall had been on arches or pitrs we would have had a
effective. The Coleus as yet is even darker than usual." R. F. border inside 2 feet wide, planted the Vines there,and letthe roots go out.
"

In this

TO

case

would

"^* We

to any of the
requestthat no one will write privately
of the "Journal
of Horticulture,
correspondents
Cottage
Gardener, and Country Gentleman."
By doing so they
to
trouble
and
are
All
subjected unjustifiable
expense.

commnnications
should therefore he
addressed
The Editors of the Journal of Horticulture
dc,^
^

solely to
171, Fleet

Street,London^ E.G"
Books
(S. 2J.}."Penrson on " Orchard
Houses " you w'll find to convey
all the informatinn you rfqnire. It can
be had from our officefor nineteen
The only book on subtropicjilgardening in the
stamps. (C. Adams).
English language with which we are acquainted, is Mr. RobinHon'a.
On
geotherronl culture there is no separate work, but you will find much
the subject in the earlyvolume'
on
of this Jo rnnl.
[H. B. K. Turner).
The "Fern
Manual"
be had from the office for sixty-fourstamps.
mav
*'
Roses in Pots," by William Paul, is the only work on pot Eoses.
"

"

Cucumber

(Am I right ? ). No doubt the presence

of green flyis accomslow growth, but not necessarily with a we"kness
of constitution
of the slow growth nuiy be atmospheric and not
cause
Your friend is right who kept his bed warm
and his
growing condition.

pa-nied with

"

The
constitutional.

plants in
Gros

Colman

consequence
Azaleas and

we

would

the border a few inches from the wail-plate

the
same
height outside. As your wall is built,
does
not interfere with such an arrangement, we
in front
2^ feet wide, well drained, and within an

have

inside,and eloping from

and your
proposed flue

CORRESPONDENTS.

Grapes
Cracking
Your Grapes are cracking in
(-ffew)."
of the humidity of the house
caused
by syringingthe
Camellias.

have a border
inch of tbe wall-plate,th" re plant the Vines, and keep them there with
surface mulching. A i^-inchwall separating the border from the pathway
This border
would
take
up altogether nearly 3 feet of your space.
would
to set the pots. Then
we
which
on
with slats of wood
spar over
If
have a 3-feet table or stage at back, and a 2-feet pathway.
you could
tho flue is in the wny of the above arrangement, then
plant the Vines
outside
and introduce them
through the wall or slits in the wall-platef
but daily we
the ateujs of Vines
on
witness the havoc made
by vermin
will do well.
planted outside, otherwise for such, a house the Vines
As
in.
well.
iS. P.). Your
very
proposed arrangement will answer
the front wall to b"
to another
advise
answer
would
correspondent, we
arched, and to have a narrow
border inside,in which to plant the Vines,
sale and protected.
are
so that the roots
may
pass
out, whilst the stems
that there should
Below
From
20 to 24 inches
is a good depth for Vines.
the ground is drained
be a drain and at least 6 inches of rubble, unless
naturally.
Good rotten turf is the best soil for a Vine border, with half
a bushel of bruised bones
of lime rubbiirh to a cartload
and two bushels
of soil,with a little rotten dung; but we prefer,instead of using much
'

"

dung in the soil,to give strength by ato^ual mulching or tup-dresaing.

For
the whole, there is
have
four Vines, and, on
your
place we would
flavour
If you liked a musk
nothing better than the Black Hamburgh.
White
and one
Fronti^inan. The
Muscat
you might have one
Hamburgh
would
RoyttlMuscadine
give you larger bunches, but not the Muscat
flavour. When
you have proved your Vines, and feel so disposed, you.
let one
Vine fillthe house, but we would plant at least four at first.
may

Lobelias
(A. E. F. 6'.).~Th6 Lobelias were
far too much
gone for us to
Strawberries
in
Ground
Vineries
(H. R Du Pre)." Yon may grow
best
We think what you cnll the grassy one is gracilis,
distinguishthem.
Strawberries in pots in your ground vineries along with the Vines, but it
for hiiuging from baskets, vases, "c.
Tbe
othitr,we think, is a variety ot
is not desirable,as by the time the Strawlierries are
ripe the Vines will L. Erinus compacta. The best compact blue is speciosa,and one of the
The
require all the 8,.ace.
Strawberries will likewise in all probability best varieties is the Trentham
keepBlue.
Our London
nurserymen
red
introduce
Yoii should lift the plants with a
spider to your Vines.
these very good and true.
bnll of earth and pot them at once
We like fru'ting-potsof Strawberries
Covering
North
are
a House
Wall
[J. J. S.)."We
sorry that w"
of
to be well filledwith roots before tho middle of October,
You will find indo
cannot
recommend
a
pamphlet on house ventilation,and we
you
strnctiona fnr the managf^ment
of pot Strawberries
in the Journal
for
a plant,
not know
what the house
relerrt-d to is" a dwelling-house or
August 3rd. You must use 8-inch pots, and these must be plunged during
house.
For plant houses tbe subject has been frequently noticed in our
winter in order to prevent the fiost from
injuring the roots,introducing
the great point is to give air at the highest point early. The
pages;
the plantR into the ground vineries about the let of March.
Set the pots
rule holds
same
good in a dwelling-house, only draughts must bothe slates.
on
To cover
avoided.
by Laurels,
the northern side of a house surrounded
Chrysanthemums
(Brisbane)."li your Chrysanthemum
is a Pompon,
pretty-leaved
choose very
nothing is better than Ivy, and you may
it is not unusual
for a stray flower to appear
so early in the season.
There
varieties.
much
so
tends to a dry wall inside as covering theNothing
is a class of summer-floweringPompons.
outside
of the wall with Ivy. If flowering plants are desired,then the
Various
would
{A Young Gardener)." We believe the reason
for cutting off hardier lihododendrons
do, but not like Ivy.
the leaves
of Leeks
or
any other
plants when
they are planted nut, is to
American
Blight
description we have no(G. M. F.) From
your
prevent too great *^v"por .tion before the root action begins. Filmy Fe^ns
doubt of its being American
the best remedy is to
At this season
blight.
are
so called because
of their thin and
tran-lucent fronds.
Orchids and
with
2
soft
of
ozs.
to
a
syringe forcibly
gallon of water, directing it
soap
orchidaceous
plants are
terms to designate plants which
synonymous
pentine
with such force as to wash the insects off. Or you may
apply spiritsof turbelong to the natural family of which Orchis is the type.
to the branches
infested,taking care that it does not drop on tbe
Grapes
Shanking
IT. H.)." Doubtless
the roots
the leaves have fallen dressof your Vines have
leaves, for it will destroy them, and when
spread into an unsuitable material, but we would
the trees with paraffinoil,applying it with a brush, and working it into
not destroy the V^inas
as they are
crack and crevice.
only five years old,and the wood and foliageare in good conevery
dition.
Have they been overcropped in previous years? as this is a frequent
Fuchsia
Origin
(Idem) "No Fuchsia is a native of Britain. The kindsof shanking.
source
As no
border has been made
wo
would
make
now
cultivatea liave
been
obtained
by hybridising and cross-breedings
we
one, and
would
do it at once
if the present crop
of Grapes is not
duced
and mostly from
F. gracilis,F. macrostemon, and F. tenella, all introworth Srtving.Begin by marking off the extent of
your border; gfe^twide
from
Chili. The other species are from Mexico, Chili,Guatemalaj,
will do; dig a trench
a feet 6 inches deep just outside the
border, and
Brazil,and New Zealand.
turn out the old soil with forks,
working from the trench towards the
Tacsonia
Van-Volxemi
front wall,and saving all healthy roots.
{T, B.)." The
fruit is eatable; but previous
The freeh compost should be
to u^e it should be perfectlyripe. We have no
doubt of its making an.
prepared and be at hand ready to be wheelei-in directlythe old
material
fruit iBmolUssima
excellent preserve
18 removed.
if treated like Melons.
Tacsonia
Maintain a moist close atmosphere in the'house, and shade
excellent for the same
If the sun
be ripe.
should
is powerful.
They
purpose.
The Vines will establish themselves
before winter
and you may
expect a moderate
Scott's Wasp
We
Destroyer
crop of fruit next
would plant
year.
(W.)."li may be purchased of most of th"
a few young
Vines at the same
time to make sure, although we have CTeat
There is no danger attending its use to the plant.
principalseedsmen.
laitii in renovating the old ones.
Onion, Leek, and
Carrot
Grubs
{J. M.)." We know of no efiectual
Rose
Bessie Johnson
(T. W. Johnson).~Wvite to Mr. Curtis, Devon
cure
after they have taken possession. Strong lime and soot water wilt
Kosery, Torquay, ask him when
it is to be placed in commerce,
modify the evil,but if put on strong enough to dislodge them all,the
and
order one for that time.
The only preventivewould be almost as
remedy
as the disease.
"

injurious

is to sweeten
the ground well before sowing, and
if there is a little doubt
Scabce
(H. C,)."In such a hungry soil as
yours artificial
to add some
as to worms,
lose their force,unless
fresh lime and incorporate it well with the soil,
assisted with rougher organised
or
some
Several times on apiec"
amn^oniacal
liquor from the gas works.
decomposing material,which you say you cannot
purchase either from
farmers
or
of ground" say 40 feet by 20, we hHve scattered
the bea gallon of tar, in
ginning
cow-keepers, whicli shows they know the value of such manures.
of winter, and that was
We
all sweet
do not know how
enough before sowing time, but
are
situated
you
but were
otherwise,
we
in
would
makfl the most
incorporating it with the soil caused the destroyers to shift their quarterBj,
your place we
of weeds, mowings of short
grass
if it did not kill them.
"a
powerlul manure,
dressings of the sides of roads,edgings of walks
throw
all together to ferment
and
decompose, and add half a peck of
Insuring
Vines Growing
Equally well
(Idem). Nothing more
can
palt to what would
make a cartload of material when partly rotted down,
.be done than giving them
and
all similar care
attention. How
with aU
but not too much
Your
subsoil being merely stirred up
decomposed.
that care
out of the number
some
refuse to grow like the rest,is one
of th"
and left,such
material would greatly enrich the top soil,and the saline
As an M.D. you must
often see how
thingsthat no one cin understand.
matter
intniduced
would
help by attracting and retaining moisture.
strangely children differthat started life seemingly with the same
vigorous
With SQcb aid we do not think you could use
that
any artificial manure
constitutions,and from healthyparents,and yet some
willcontinue strong
would
be safer and better than dissolved bones or
and robust, and others will become
of
superpliosphate
even
puny and weak, notwithstanding
Manure

manures

soon

"

JOURNAL

110

AND

HORTICULTURE

OF

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

[ August 10, 1871.

the extra

We
are
stitution
care.
it were
nine o'clock in the morning, just time to bepin
jast as ignorant of the change in habit and conattention wilt be rewarded
that takes place in plants. Generally our
lessons ; you'd only have to whisper a bint to Time, and ronnd
with health and vigour, but oftpu we are disappointed,and unable
"
goes the clock in a twinkling. H^lt-pastone, time fur dinni-r I
to assign the reason.
little difference in the treatment
of a Vine
A very
"
Not bo
That would
be grand,certainly,"said Alice, tbougbifaljy
after planting will make
a
great difference as respects srowth.
;
rather going backwards
than
that seemed
"
"
long ago we saw
y^ung Vines
but then I shouldn't be hungry for it,you know."
Not at
seemed
right enough, but on poking
forwards, and all on the surface
"
said
the
but
could
it
halfto
perhaps,"
hatter,
first,
keep
you
obvious"
the water
down
with a stick for 3 inches or so, the cause
was
reached the bulk of the roots.
past one as long as you liked."
given had never

pose

not we would,
Unfortunatelythis is only a theory ; if it were
our
presentidle mood, keep it at Monday morning fur the
We would
write nothing. Tue very weather
next month.
is
in the book we
have jimt quoted, sleepy.
like the dormouse
and
rain
continuous
hot
sun
Heavy
yesterday; blight
to-day,
rather pale and watery ; the veriest whisper among
the leaves ;
of the shady plagues jastwaking
atmosphere heavy,and some
to sting.
up at times sufficiently
Selaginella
Beautiful
is not a Fern, and consequently
Seedy and worn
(W. S.) A Selaginella
out, ought to lie by and moult.
cannot
be shown
in a collection of Ferns ; and
Tomatoes, though fruit, process.
Summer
heats are pafsod ; days get shorter,nights
not so in the sense
You would
of a collection of fruit for exhibition.
are
The
lowers
and
longer.
Nature, good mother,
temperature
;
not expect the fruit of the Egg
in such a collection,
Plant to be admissible
rewards her followers by providingel ithingmeet
It
for them.
and why should you wish to show the Tomatoes
?
is
the
their
The
moment
of
work is done ; the eggs
rest.
orchard
Ohchard
fruited
in
year's
C.
House
The
Strawberries
(J. fl")."
your
house
this season
will do very well in the open
groand next year if are laid,the chickens are hatched,reared,and able to take care
and Oleander are propagated by cuttings. of themselves.
planted out now.
Hoya carnoaa
All the energiesof the hen must
be devoted to
Cucumber
Seeding
(W. E C.)-"There is no need to allow the fruit to
clothing. Bat all our fowls are not kept in a state of nature,
hang after it is ripe,which you can tell by its becoming yellow.
and consequentlysome
littlecare is necessary.
The prodnotion
Stephanotis
floribunda
cannot possibly say what the
{E. G.). We
of the new
plumage is a hard work. Thus, it is seen, everything
value of the seeds of Stephanotis floribunda is. You
should ask a seedsman.
The
Garden
givesway to it. The comb perishesfor a time, the old feathers
prices of Grapes ia Covent
you will find in our
market
report.
shabbier every day, and the hen apparentlyis losing
become
Apple
(fieUif-Tftorpe)."Your seedling Apple is very handsome, and
health and condition.
It is not so.
The reproductiveprocess
has a powerful fragrance. The flesh is very white, and the skin coloured
For every feather that falls there is a blue
is going on within.
with a delicacy of a Peach.
has
not the
The flavour is brisk,and
spicy
"
called
and red pipe,
a
stub," waitingto take the placeof the
aromatic
character of the Irish Peach and Early Harvest, which are now
in season.
feather,to fill up the hole left by the qaill,and by growth to
Names
Plants
of
(ff.J.). We should be most happy to serve you, but
supply a substitute yieldingwarmth, protection,and beauty.
cannot
undertake
to name
we
florists'flowers.
[W. R. N.).~-We cannot
The lower end of this stub is red, being full of blood.
The
"undertake to name
varieties of Achimenes.
i^RobertMaitland)."C\iBCXLta.
blue upper part is composed of a very fine outer lining,
containing
Epithymum, var. Trifolii.
the feather folded up ; this will pierce the liningand ernw
to its natural length. The feather of the smallest of the West
PIGEON
Indian
AND
CHRONICLE.
or
POULTRY,
BEE,
tropicalbirds and the 6-feet feather of the tail of the
feather in
Beeves's Pheasant, or the longest and handsomest
alike originatein the small stub.
the Peacock's tail,
Red
Spider
(Idem). The best preventive against red
and Grapes are grown, is the free use
spider in a house, where Peaches
of the syringe with clear water, and then the next best where
such water
be applied,or
cannot
even
along with it,are the fumes from sulphur,
provided the body on which the sulphur is placed, be it pipe or flae,or
strikes, shall not be
empty spaces on the wall of a house where the sun
above 160",or very littlemore
; all above that in temperature is verging
of
on
the dangerous. The fumes
sulphur when ignited will kill every
thrown
off at 16j" are safe,and with a moist atmosphere
livingthing. Fumes
for a short time the red spider cannot
endure them.
Preventing

"

in

"

"

"

OMNIBUS
REBUS.
DE
hear that birds do not moult.
Their bodies
We sometimes
not sure Captain Marryatt'scarpenterwas altogetherare not in a fitstate. A heated condition is fatal to moulting.
nourished.
All
The body must
be cool and well
these stubs
he said that everythingrepeated itselfonce
in a
wrong when
like flowers in a garden ; the body is the earth in which
about twelve
are
given number of years. He recollected somewhere
which
derive
their moishundred
and
ture
been
the
under
the
from
on
must
before
are
same
planted,
they
having
they
spot,
years
Ground
and nourishment.
same
It is said that Lord
storm.
foods, such as ground oats,
captain,and in the same
lent.
Melbourne
best for them.
affirmed that if letters were
locked up in a drawer
are
Lettuces,such as are run to seed, are excelall foods should be
for a month
Meat, hempseed, canary, buckwheat
[Qaery? Editors
they answered themselves.
J. or H.]
avoided.
is
The lord and carpentermay both have been wrong,
Helping through the moult by medical treatment
Yuu accomplish a fact in
but if it be true that " historyrepeatsitself,"
like making fowls lay by stimulants,
there was something
of truth ia their theories ; and history
does repeatitself,a short time, but it is not done as well as it would have been
and it will repeat itself so long as seasons
had Nature been left without assistance.
in their due
come
It was
a
on
at its natural time, and people
"!our8e, and breeding comes
very old idea with the earlypoultry-keepersthat
"at eggs and poultry. We were
led into this train of thought hempseed was
good during the moulting season.
Nothing can
by the presence of many letters and queries,and by application be so bad. It is the most heating of all seeds ; it dries up and
The
from one
the
skin
and
the
stubs are
fevers
could illspare for a holiday. We have somewhere
body.
we
impoverishes
to develope; it
read of an
old lady, a grandmother, who
was
sittingin her burnt up in their sockets ; the feather ceases
a
dries and perishes,becomes
son's parlour,when a pet grandchildwas
plague and an itching,and the
brought in. He had
fallen from an apple tree,and broken his arm.
with
bird scratches it off. This is most
It gave the old
frequentlythe case
Parrots of
as
small birds,as Bullfinches,
Canaries,largerones
lady a turn. "Don't
bring him to me."
say so," said she;
all tribes. An old friend of ours, a physician,always used to
They did so, and she administered a sound box on the ear.
"
Mother, mother," said the father of the child, coming in, ask young ladies brought from school to consult him, what, they
"
But I
is that for?"
"Oh!
cried
"what
the
old
dear,dear,"
lady, liked to eat. They always said they did not know.
"
"
slate pencil,sealing-wax,
The child 'b always breaknow
ing
do," said the good old man
;
paper,
you are coming to worry me.
his arm."
So we said to our righthand, " You are always string,spice,especially
cinnamon, sweets of all kinds, lemon
That is why you come
and orange peel,cocoa-nut.
to see
me."
wanting a holiday." " I don't always getit,then," he said. "I
have not missed a day'swork since this time twelve months."
When
the Parrot,or Bullfinoh,
we
see
Just so.
or
Canary with
"
neck and poll,wings with only quillfeathers,and the
said we, and fell naked
Very well ; then take your usual holiday,"
and
into the reverie which heads this chapter. It is wonderful how
Hempseed, canary,
apology for a tail,we say,
sugar,
When
hear of a yard moalting badly and
find
Thus we are convinced, biscuits."
we
much we may learn from observation.
We

are

"

"

"

and we know hundreds who agree with us (being

the subject
on
of holidays),
that when we are on our
tripthe days get shorter
every day, and when we return they suddenly lengthen. We
Time.
Let us go to the
should like to make
a bargain with
If you knew Time as well as I do," said the hatter,
hatter.
"
"
I don't know
you wouldn't talk about wastingit. It'shim."
"
what you mean," said Alice. " Of course
you don't 1 thehatter
said,tossinghis head contemptuously. " I dare say you never
spoke to Time I" "Perhaps not," Alice cautiouslyreplied;
"
but I know I have to beat time when I learn music."
Ah 1
"
that accounts
for it,"said the hatter.
ing.
He wo'n't stand beatNow, if you only kept on good terms with him, he'd do
almost anythingyou liked with the clock. For iustauce,sup"

"

tainly
of condition,when we see the new
clothing certhan the old,we think of hempseed, canary, meat,
cooked food,and everythingdone to tempt them
beer,carefully
!
to eat : hence their nakedness.
Poor Pheasants
and Partridges
The first gorgeous in his resplendentplumage, the latter with
his bold eye and bright horseshoe, and nobody to look after

the birds out

worse

them

Hempseed not onlyinterferes with mnuUing, but where it is

have seen
We
much
darker.
a
given the plumage becomes
lightbrown bird turn nearlyblack in two moultings when fed
heat but immense
fat. It
with it. Canary seed does not cause
the feathers to
takes away all desire for action, causes
about.
and the bird to pass its time squattingdrowsily

decay,

JOURNAL

August 10, 1871. ]

OF

HOBTIOULTURE

AND

GARDENER.

COTTAGE

Ill

BrownrhreastedRed,"\,G.A. Pen-in. 2, T. Haffield. ftc,E. J. Poor.

! " All this sack to a pennyworth Perrin.
2, T. Haffield (Duckwing Birchen
Groy). c, E.
Any Varietv."\. G. A. Perrin.
learn from ib is to let our fowls alone
J. foer
(Duckwing
Game).
he, J. K. Millner, Cherbuiy,
Cochin-China."
BuiT." 1 find 2, W. H. Perrin.
We all know that ; so we do, but
moulting season.
Chickens." I, F.H.Green.
Blackrock; Mrs.
Hav, Spike Island, Queenetown.
Perrin
do not all practiseit. It is not easy to let things alone.
Kingatown; E. H.
we
(2); J. T. Downmann,
2, W. H. Perrin. c, W. H
Green.
You tell the surgeon you have a feelingof heat and pressure
Milton. 2,G,A,
or
Brown
Coch[n-China."
Pariridcrc-cobured.-l.Mra.Taaffe,
*' We
He
"1
Chickens
and -i,F. H, Green.
Stephens, c, E. P. Williams.
says,
amounting to pain at the back of your neok.
Chickens" I, F.H.Green.
Mrs. Taaffe.
J5/"cfcor Wldie"\,
Cuciiin-Chima."
touch
do
all
leave
it
not
but
above
alone,
shall see to-morrow,
Call this

of bread!"
daring the

poultrypaper

All

we

can

of
know
as any of the wise ones
as much
be
a little so-and-so would
you are sure
good for the fowls when moulting. If this paper preventsone
from givingit we shall be satisfied. We had intended to touch
but must defer them tillnext week.
other topics,
on
it." You
**

our

THE

are

sure

you

Journal," and

POULTRY

AND

PIGEON

AGRICULTURAL

SOCIETY

SHOW

of

OF

the

ROYAL

IRELAND.

2, Miss

L. WarburloD.
Kill,Naas.
burton.
Pootra.." Dar/c"
1, G. A. Stephens. 2. R. W. Boyle, vhc, Mrs. WarC/iicfcerw.-l,J. C. Cooper. 2, L. F.
/ic,W. G. Mulligan; Mrs. Taaffe.
Warburlou
Perrin.
he, Mrs
(2).
Vo"tuk."
Brahma
Light "\, J.T. Downman.
2, Mrs. G. Mulligan, c. Dr.
C/iicKcns1, W. M. A.Wright,
Braganza, Dalkey. 2, J.T.
Duncau, Findas.
Downman.
Tic,W. M. A. Wright, c, J. T. Downman.
La Fleche."
1,2, and he, G. A. Stephens.
Malays."
1, Hon. J. Massy, Limerick.
2, T. Haffield.
Creve-C(eur."
2, J. M'C. Pickering, Dundrum.
1, Hon. J. Masaey.
he,E. J".
Poer.
Houdans."
1, G. A. Stephens. 2 and he, J. C. Cooper.
White-crested
Black."
he, J. K.
I, W. G. Mulligan. 2, R. P. Williams,
Gold or Silver-cr ested."\ and he, G. A. Perrin.
2, R. P. Williams.
Millner.
or
GoWcn
1, S. Mowbray. 2, F. Connor, jnn,
Hambubghs."
Silver-pencilled."
F.
Hambdrghs."
or
2
Golden
SilviT-spangled."!,
S.lAov/hray. audc,
Connor,
Ekahma

this Show, held in Dablin on the 1st,2nd, 3rd,and 4th inst.,

the
Jan.
and considering
342 entries of poultryand Pigeons,
Gamp."
E. J. Poer.
Bantams."
2, G. Downman.
fic,
1, G. A, Perrin.
time of year, the birds were
mostlyin excellent trim. Silver-Grey Bantams"
u4ny Variety "\,G. A Stephens (Black). 2, F.Connor, jun. lic,T.
birds.
The
them
were
some
the
and
took
good
{Sebrigh 8); R.J. Poer (White Roae-combed).
Reynolds. Dundrum
lead,
among
Dorhings
1 S Mowbray
OTHPR
Variety."
ANY
(ScotchGrey). 2, J. C. Cooper (Sultans).
ward
were
a
chickens of this variety
largeclass,bat they were not in a forPheasants).
he, J. C. Cooper ; S. J. Kennedy (''ommon
state. Coloured Dorkingswere
good,as also the chickens,but
"1. W. G
DucKS.-Rouen
Mulligan. 2, R. W. Boyle. 8, J. C. Cooper, he,
found
in
this
and
Ellison
Millner
S.
J
K.
adult
birds
were
Mowbray
small
class,
Mrs.
C.
L.
Aylesbury.
to
c,
; R. P. Williams.
some
;
we
regret say
3
and
J.
Williams.
2.
Hon.
he, S. Mowbray.
R. P.
Massy.
theywere immediatelythrown out of competition.In adult Spanish "1,Geehz.White. ~1. S. Mowbray.
2 and
3, Mrs. Warburton.
he, Hon. J.
The
not noteworthy.
were
some
good hens, but the cocks were
Goslin^s."^, S. Mowbrav.
2, J. C Cooper.
Maasy.
Grej/or Mottled." I. R. P. Williams. 2, J. C. Cooper. 3, W. H.
Geesb."
a
chickens were
capitalclass,some of the birds beingvery forward
Perrin.
he, J. C. Cooper ; W. H. Perrin.
e, J. C. Cooper. Goslings."1,2, and
few
Game were
in face and drop. The
and of
At

there

were

unusuallygoodquaUty

3,J. C. Cooper.

for
in number
but good in quality.The whole of the classes were
Geese."
^ni/offter Variciy."l and 2, R. P. Williams (Sandwich Island and
some
adult birds only. There were
good Buff Cochins in both classes, Cereopais Geese), ftc,Mrs. Warburton.
ToRKESs."
(Cambridge). 2 and 8, J. C. Cooper (Cambridge
I, S. Mowbray
of the chickens being very good in shape and leg-feathering.
some
he, J. C. Cooper (Cambridgel.
and Norfolk). 6'ocfc" 1 and
2, S. Mowbray
feathered were
The Partridgepoor.
very good,but the chickens were
(Cambridge). Poults." 1 and he, J. C. Cooper (Cambridge). 2,3, and e, Miaa L,
well filled,
and were
Both
classes of Dark
Brdhmas
were
good in King, (ieaahill (American).
Fowl."
Pncks).
Water
Ornamental
1,R. P. Williams (Bahama
ing,
adult hen was
remarkably good in markqaaUty. The first-prize
Cottagers'
Distinct Breed."
(Dorkings).
Fri7.es.
1, M. Masrath
Any
The second-prize2 and 3, W. Magrath, Bleainton
from moult.
but the male bird was
Pootraa),
suffering
(Silver-GreyDorkinps and Brahma
and Aylesbury). 3, W. Magrath (AylesDucks."
I and 2, M. Magrath (Rouen
bury).
hen was
very fine in ground colour, but wanting in lacing.The
in the adult
also good and forward.
chickens were
Light Brahmas
COCKS.
SINGLE
better.
There was but
but poor, but the chickens much
P.
S.
Williams,
Mowbray.
J.
C.
R.
classes were
Si7i'er-Grc!/."l.
Cooper. 2,
he,
Dorking."
2, Mrs. Perrin.
Coloured." 1,F. H. Green.
he, Hon. J. Massy.
all old except one pen,
class for La Flecke,and the birds were
one
1 andc, J. C. Cooper.
2. R. P. Willianis.
Spanish."
he, F. H. Green.
birds were
about the
and of unusually
good quality.The first-prize
Brown-breasted
Black-breasted Red"1, T. Haffield. 2, G. A. Perrin.
Gamb."
since the introduction of the
to have
seen
best pair we remember
Ked."l, G. A. Perrin.
2,T. Haffield. Any other Variety." I,G. A.. Ferrin. 2, C.
(Gold-created Polish;; E. J. Poer
(White),
he, R. P. Williams
Malays were very largeand sound in colour, Reynolda
variety.The firat-prize
(Duclnving Game).
were
and the Creve-Camrs also good. Houdans
very good,but the
W. H. Perrin; F. H.
CocniN-CHiNA."
2, J. C. Cooper, fic,
Bh#," 1, Mrs. Hay.
of the first Green.
Ac, J.K.
White-crested
Polands not nearlyso fine as we saw at some
Any oilierColour." 1, Mrs. Hay (Partridge).2, Mrs. Taaffe.
Millner (Partridee.)
ehows, and the Gold and Silver birds of that varietywere in very bad
J.
Darfc or Light" I, Mrs.
Warburton
Brahma-Pootba."
(Dark). 2, Hon.
the first-prize
Golden'feather, ffamburgkswere
goodin both classes,
Massy (Dark), c, T. Felton.
E.
J.
Pocr.
Hon.
J.
Fleche."
the
La
2,
Massy.
of
merit.
Pencilled
1,
CREVK-CffiUR
AND
These
birds
were
shown,
pencilled
being great
Malay.),Mrs. Taaffe.
but we think a division of
in the other class,
an one, and the Spangled
Hoddan."
1, G. A Stephens. 2, F. H. Green.
Game
Bantams
the colours advisable.
The first-prize
were
Red,
1, F. Connor, jnn. 2,Hon. J. Massy.
"Gold or Silver-pencilled."
Hamburgh
Bantams."
of
feather.
he,Mrs. Taaffe.
but
the
out
2, E. J. Poer.
correct in all particulars
1, F. L. Perrin.
was
second-prize
pen
;
There were
some
class,the first
good birds in the Bantam variety
E.
A.
Seale.
2, J. Bowling,
Pigeons."
Kilgobbin, Co. Dublin.
PoH(ers."l,
of
and
second
neat pen
Golden
the
a
c, J. K. Milhier; J. Dowliotr. Carriers.
'beingblack in fine plumage,
Blactrock.
he, F. W. Zurhorat, Dublin,
Tumblers."
h 'i,and he, E. A. Seale,
1 and 2, J. Dowling. c. E. A. Seale
Scotch
specified,
Sebrights.In the class for birds not previously
Fantails."
Nuns."l, E. A. Seale. 2, J. Dowling.
1,2, and fie,E. A. Seale.
and Sultans second.
Greys were first,
The Judge was
Mr. Hutton, Padsey,Leeds.
In the classes for SingleCocks,the Dorkingswere
good,and the
bird in Black Keds
'Spanishbut moderate. Of Game, the first-prize
wad
a fine close-feathered bird as
good in hand as in the show-pen ;
SHOW.
HORTON
POULTRY
GREAT
a
.-and the firstin Brown
Keds, though yonng bird,was good in all
toot placeon the
The
second annnal Show of the above Society
Buff extremely
The firstprizein Cochins was
a Lemon
properties.
there was
considerable improvement
a
5th inst. In pointof numbers
good in all points
; but in this class,we regretto say, a most marked
fine
the visitorswere
last
and
the
discovered.
The
with
of tail-trimming
Brahma
cock
day
being
case
was
as
year,
compared
first-prize
"

"

birds we ever
of the most perfect
one
very numerous.
Black Ked coct shown by Mr. Fell,and the
In the Oame the single
claimed immediately the Show opened. The Malays,
fine. The entries in Earn'
Ked by Mr. Hodgson,were
Brown
and
but
there
La
Fleche
all
was
especially
were
no
Creve-CcEurs,
very good,
good. The cap for the best pen
Award made in the Poland class.
burghswere bat poor, bnt the quality
Buff
excellent
of
Coclivns,
closelypressed
by the
The more
substantial varieties of poultry viz.,the table fowls, was given for an
pair
named.
A cup was offered for Game
Bantams,
Brown
Reds previously
!Buchs,Geese^ Turkeys,"c., were
exceedingly
good and of almost
nniform quality,
the contest in all the classes beingextremely
Reds, althoughthe second- prizepairof Black
close, and was won
by Brown
of
the rarity
and the entries large,
of equalmerit,the decision being based upon
Reds were
although the varieties were well divided. In
of Bantams,
the first-named colour. In the class for Any other variety
Turkeysof this year there were several pairsof male birds,and one
undoubted pair of adult birds.
the firstbeingchickens of this year, and the
Blacks won
both prizes,

was

saw

in faultlesscondition,
and

; he

was

"

The classesfor Pigeons

In Pouters,Blue Pied
not numerous.
second adults.
were
of moderate
the Carriers were
quality.The Fontera
Of the Pigeons,
first,and Whites second, and we also noticed an extremely
promising
pairof young birds of that colour,whiuh,thoughsqueakers,were good,and among the Dragoonsthere were many good birds but
Blue
the
winners
were
close for the second honours.
In
ran
Carriers were
but poor, but the
Owls
English,and White
badlymatched.
and
Tumblers
Yellow Turbits were of rare excellence,
good,the first beingAlmond, and the second Blue Bald- Foreign. The first-prize
The
cock in the firstthe Tumblers good,both pairsbeingAlmonds.
pates. Fantails were well shown, and the Nuns very good. The two
Jacobins
were
head
ever
saw.
we
most
free
were
from
had
the
winningpairs
perfect
perfectly
trimming,althoughone pair prizepen
was
passedby,as the crests of both birds had undergone manipulation.moderate,and the Fantails good,but the Barbs poor, and the .intWater Fowl there was
a
were
Among Ornamental
good,but not in the best feather. In the Varietyclass,
very prettypair of
werps
and Porcelain Swallows second.
Bahama
Ducks.
Black Trumpeters were
first,
were

DoEKiNoa."
Siluer-ffrei/."
2, S. Mowbray, Msunt1,Gr. N. Purdon^Killucan.
rath. he, J. C. Cooper, Limenck
Chickens.
Glaslinn, Clontarf.
; R. P. Williams
2, J. C. Cooper, he,S. Mowbray
"1, W. G. MulligOD, Belfast.
; Mrs. WarburWarburton.
ton, Kil',Naas.
c. Mrs
bray,
HosKTSQa."Coloured."l, G. A. Perrin, Chantilly,Lougbiiiistown. 2, S. MowChickens."l and 2,
he, Mrs. Warburton.
c, G-. A. Stephens. Dublin.
J. C. Cooper, he,S. Mowbray,
c, F. H. Green, Windsor, Belfast.
Spanish." 1, J. C. Cooper. 2, E. J. Poer, Limerick,
c, J. C. Cooper; R. P.
Williams.
Chickens." \, W. G. Mullipan, Belfast. 2, J. Barlow, Chapelizod.
fee,
S. Mowbray
; W, G. Mulligan.
; J. Barlow
Game."
Btocfc-breasied Bed." I, G. A. Perrin.
2, T. Haffield,
Bray, c, MIbb

J. Dnxbnry,
lie,
2, C. Naylor, Horton.
"Cook." I, W. Fell, Adwalton.
Game
he, H. JeDnines, Allerton.
Hen."\, W. Fell. 2, J. Smith, Horlon.
Clayton
2, E. Hemminyway,
Black-breastei and other Beds." 1, J. Hodgson, Bradtord.
DriRhlington.
H. E.
Any other Variety.Mason,
Duckwing."l,
Shelf.
1 W
Fell
HiMBDEOHa."

GoH-"pa?t5led 1,H. Bowker, Keighley. 2,H. Beldon, Bingley.

H.
6oldrpencilled."l,
he, H. Bowker.
Silwcrspangled."land 2, H. Beldon.
and 2, H. Beldon.
he, H. Bowker.
2 H. Bowker.
Silver.^encilled~"l
2, H. Wood, LidgettGreen.
Blaek."l, H. Beldon.
"

Beldon

2. J. Powell, Bradford.
Bioc"."l, H. Beldon.
2, H. Beldon.
CocHiN-Cni.-iA." Cup and 1, H. C. Mason.
Spanish."

Co/o"r."
1, W. Malton. Er^lmg.
2 and he. H. Beldon.
1. H. Buwker.
l and
he, J. PlamiiPB. Horton.
Horton.
Any other Variety." I and
c, H. Bo-wker.
J.PoTvell.
Ci^ss."
2, J. Dnxbnry.
1,

Don-RTtiCS."Any
PcLANDS."

BAHTAUdB."Game."
c, E. K. Fcx, Great
Pret-ton,Allerton.
Sflling

^ny Variety.-"1,J. Buckley,

RiEEiTS."

Yardley. Birmingham

Bradrord.

2,S.

he, H.

Horton.
Beldon.
2, J.

Johnson.

"Wibsey

1 and
Croppeks"
Bradfoid.
2, H. Yar^ey.
he, J. Greenwood, Queensbury ;
Dr*gO('Ns."
1, E. Homer.
G. W. Kohinson, Halifax.
2, A. H. Jubh, Halifax,
he,E. Rhodes, Great Horton ;
Owls."
1,J. Holden.
E. Homer.
Poole, Bradford,
2, W.
he, J. G. Dunn,
TrRBiTS."l, Clayton " Bairstow.
" Bairstow.
Newcastle
; Clayton
he J. Thresh,
c. J. Holden.
2, H. Yardlpy.
1. E. Horner.
Tumblers"
"1
H.
"
Bairstow.
and 2, E Horner,
Yardley ; Clayton
Jacobins
c,
Fantails."
1, H. Yardley. 2. Clayton " Bairstow.
2, E. Homer.
Barbs."
1, H. Yardley.
1. Clayton " Bairstow.
Antweeps."
?, J. W. Collinson.
he, Clayton and
Bairstow
; E. Homer.
Variett-"
Ant
c, A. Murga1, J. Thresh. 2 and he, Clayton " Bairstow.

Thresh,

troyd, Bradford.

Judges.
Leeds.

Mr.

"

W.

Cannon, Bradford,and

and deserved the success

they attained. The
body and individually,
and well ventilated,and Mussrs. Tomer, of
were
very spacious
exhibition
all
Shefiield.supplied necessary
pens.
of very highcharacter,
but were
a
in many
as
cases
were
DorJcings
class as any in the show
rule in deep moult.
were
as good a
t"2)ani6h
in
the
class
of
entries
made
for
and
were
tent ;
although only a couple
dare competition
and Mrs.
Wilhamson
Cochins^Mr. Woodcock
may
at almost
LightBrahmas we have
any meeting. Mrs. Williamson's
the
their
condition and
equalledthroughout
season,
scarcely seen
of the weakest points
were
one
markings being first-rate. JIam)jiirghs

2, J. Elam,

PIGF.ONS.
t^lack. 2. F. Horner, Harewood.
he, H.
c, H. Sno'wden, Great Horton.
; E. Homer,
E.
Homer,
he, Clayton " Bairstow, Girlington; J.
2,

1, J. Holden,

Caehiees."

Mr. E.

Hutton, Pndsey,

tents

in the whole
but

one

The

were
following
prizes

awarded at this Show, held

July29th:

"

PIGEONS.
Harewood.
Caeeiees."
1, H. Yardley. Birrainiiham. 2, E. Homer,
PoTTTPRS.1,H. Yardley. 2, E. Homer.
H.
Yardley.
Babbs."
2,
E.
Homer,
1,
Leeds.
F.
Eccleshill,
Dragoons."
2, Graham, Birkenhead,
1, H. Stanhope.
1 and Cup, E. Homer.
Trumpeters."
1 and 2, E. H "mer.
TuRBiTS."
Jacobins."
1 and 2. E. H"rner.
2. H. Yardley.
Nuns."
1,J Watts. Birmin-jham.
Newark.
Fantails."
2, H. Yardley.
1, J. Walker,
TuMBLEEa.2,H. Yardley.
1. E. Homer.
0-w}9."English.-'[, B. Bradley. 2. H. Ariams. Beverley.
he, J. W. Collinson,
E.
2, W. Jarvis.
Horner,
Ai"TWBPvs.~Short-faced."l.
hc.B.
2. J. W. Collinson.
Halifax
;H. stanhope. Loiia-faeed."l.B..Sta.nhr"ve.
Six Working.-l and 2, E. Oldroyd.
Oldroyde, Osset (3); C. Ambler, Wakefield.

he,H. Drake, Wakefield.

Doneaster.

Cawood, Thome,
Spanish."
1, A. H. Eaeten, Hull.
Rochdale.
Easten.
2. A H
Angora."
1, J. Barron, Castlemere.
Himalayan."
2. A. H. Eastpn.
1, J. Bovle, jun., Blackburn.
Hebden
Bridge. 2. J. Boyle,jun.
Silvee-Grey."
1, S. Greenwood,
"

E.

Geese

the

dition.
concapital

not good, but we

of the Pouters,were
Fiaeons,with the exception
except a pair of winning Archangels iu the Variety class. A.
schedule would much improve
little different arrangement of the prize
in future yearsthis section of the Show
JRabhitsformed a tiret-class shotv,and there

was

entry.

numerous

the

Birmingham, was

Hewitt, of Sparkbrook,near

Edward

and Rahhits: Mr. W. Cannon, Bradford;

Poulfn/,
Pigeons,
Bradford.
Ackrojde,Eccleshill,

POULTRY

CROYDON

SHOW.

Considering
now

may

attention is
the number
of poultry
shows to which
our
and the consequently
invited,
largechoice offered to exhibitors,it
be well to know
It is always
birds.
to which
not
to send
our
it has

to complain,
and
painful
a

never

but

considerable experience,to feel furced

In the pointswhich
management.

show

before

once

to

so

do

been

about

about

am

to

my
any

lot,in

ponltry
I

enumerate

believe the mismanagement of the late Croydon Show to have been so

that silence would be equally
unjustifiable.
greatand so reprtheiisible
On Wednesday,July 26th, i made
my way to the Show, whiih was

held in

that it did
At the lodge a policeman informed me
o'clock;that there was no objection,however, to

park.

till

not

my
Jiour to the time.
Arrived
accorded
to several
same
privile:^e
I
of the authorities there, which
othtrs,acquaintances,
apparently,
than a
have not tbe honour to be. We were supposednot to go more
open

going to

one

the

wanted

tent, though it then

the
at the tent I found

half

an

distance inside quitefar enougb, however, to givea view of

to
tent, and to reveal several particulars hardly satisfHctory
exhibitors 1, That then (about 12. 4-5}the judgingof the 250 pens
had not advanced far, supposingthe Judge to take the classes in order,
certain

"

the whole

"

and

to finish one

their

before lie

began

2,

another.

That
of

list of the pens

the

catalogue waa
on.
3, That the rain
postedup in the tent while the
came
throughthe tent like spray on to the birds,the pens, of course,
beingopen at the top. A policemanin chargeinformed me, with more
and

R\BBITS.

Judges.

among
in

must

and Mr.

par.
all good; and
shown
were
variety,

scarce

"

Nantwich.
2, C. W.
Gam-e." Blade or Broxcn Beds."l, G. F. Ward. Wimbury,
Any other Variety "3, C.W.Brierley.
2, B.
IVliddieton, Manchester.
Brieve
Chiclvens."l and 2, B. .Tarvis.
JarviB, Mansfield.
S-pj^mca." Black."
1, C. W. Brieriey. 2,H. Beldon JJoitstock.
Bridge. 2, C. H. Wood, Accrington.
Cochin-China."
1, H. Laoy, Hebden
1 and 2, H
Brahma
Pootba."
L^cy.
SilverHAMBVRQBS.-Goldspavol' d or Pencilled." 1 nnfl Cnp, H. Beldon.
Any other Variety "\,'E B"-ldon.
spanrjledor Pencilled." i, H. Beldon.
2 W.
Adams, Ipswich. Any other Variety."
Bantams."
Game
1,E. Pa\ne.
Moltram,
2. S. " R. Ashton.
1, H. Beldon.
CBxcKE^is.-Any
Variety."I, B. Jarvis. 2, C. " J. W. Mason, Drighlington.
Bucks." 1, C. W. Brieriey. 2, E. Leech. Rocddale.

2, H.

district,

Judge.

SHOW.

POULTRY

far below

Turkeys were

Spanish,a

of White

pen

iu the

unknown

annual exhibitions will quicklyalter this bhortcoming.

good but mostly out of condition,and unexpectedly

Bantams
the trame
were
Water fvichand
The
a

to be almost

Show; they appear

two

or

foldswere

Game

Mr.

WAKEFIELD

[ Auffust 10, 1871.

GARDENER.

COTTAGE

AND

HORTICULTUEE

OP

JOUBNAL

112

esbibitors in fact,a
"

satisfactionto self than

cape
baskets were
saturated

on

all

me,

night in

proof sheet
judgingwent

that he had

the tent.

4,

been
That

obligedto keep his

the largernumber

"

proof
water-

of the

piledup in the open air,and after a drenchingnightwere

throughliningsand straw, and their labels rendered almost

received a prize illegible.

have
Show.
We
Poultry
At one
This was
the firstact in the proceedings.
o'clock I was
of poultry,Pigeons^ and Babbits to be
This
The
advised to return to the lodge to purchasea ticketof admission.
held at Long Sutton,on the 4'h and S'-hof next October,
I
it
for
outside
the gate
to get back.
was
once
tente for the careful proimpossible
tection unwiselydid,
generalarrangements of commodious
the
and
in
No
ticket-vendor
arrived
till
after
the
time
announced,
long
in
former
of all the specimens -willbe carried out jnstas
meantime
I stood in dripping rain at the gate. When
at last he put
improvement. 'The piizesoffered are
years, and admit of no
of
the
tickets
account
in an appearance
allowed
sell
on
he was
not
to
of the value of five guineas
most liberal. Fifteen silver cupa
Judge'sdelay. At last,about 1.40,I was allowed to have one, and
each are offered for the principalclasses,and prizesin the proceeded towards the tent
Admission
from
till
one
; but, though
general classes of 20s. and 10s, are also given. A class for five" was printed
called back, reprimanded
the ticket,I was
soon
on
prived
ornamental birds,each pen to consist of any number, will, for goingnear the tent, in which I had been an hour before, and deattractive
not only a very heavy but most
later tickets were
of my ticket. A few minutes
doubtless, cause
generallysold.
successful
t
o
be
I
the
most
the
to
t
o
A
exhibitor,
a
no
once
more
tent,bought catalogue(with awards)^
five-guinea
cup
proceeded
entry.
At lastthese came, and were
and found no prizecards up.
extra
irregularly
awarded
competitors,and
by points,will secure
many
its predecesHors. A very
put up at intervals for half an hour. I had alreadyseen enough of
will eclipse
doubtless the next Show
I will
the
awards.
Show
make
the
of
to
me
subject
despondingon
enforced.
In
trimming will be strictly
stringentrule agi^inst
heard
not animadvert
such
on
them, as I might be partial.I never
certain classes, 28. 29, 30, and 49, the prize and commended
The above is a plainand accurate
of
dissatisfactionbefore.
account
birds will be disposed of under the hammer, and any sum
what happened,
I
shall
need
to
not
me
again
and,
happen
hardlysay,
obtained beyond the price at which they are entered in the
at Croydon. O. E. Cresswell.
and
divided between the Committee
catalogue,will be equally
P.S. I may add, 1, That through the Secretary's
carelessness in
the exhibitor.
not numbering class and pen on my labels I never
feltcertain that my
birds would be penned tillI saw them.
2, That I have heard from a
great patron of the Show that his birds arrived from Croydondripping
POULTRY
SHOW.
MOWBRAY
MELTON
in his
with roup, hitherto unknown
as if from
a washtub," and one
and
Tms
dates the institutionof a Floral,Uorticultural,
Society
yards."O.E. C.
not until the Show
three years back, bntit was
Frnit Show from some
of last Tbnrsdaythat ponltry.
Pigeons,and Babbits formed part of
1 VENTURE
to trouble you with some
few remarks upon certainpoints
tion,
feature added mneh to the generalattracthe Exhibition. This new
tion
of connected with this Show which may not be unworthy of the attenfine day amply secnred the financial success
and a remarkably
bitors.
the
the
subscribers
of
of
to the funds, and of exhiCommittee,
the undertaking.The Show took placein the park directly
opposite
The schedule of prizes
issued by the Committee
edly
undoubtwas
sach
for
Lord Wilmot's hunting bos, and perhapsa more
place
lovely
good both with regardto the number of classes and to the amount
The
a
has rarely been chosen.
acting Committee, though
purpose
of the prizesoflered for competition
A very fair number
in each class.
matters, carried out all their arrangements
quiteinexperiencedin poultry
of entries,and an exhibition of poultry
of
quiteup to the average in most
with
the
conversant
management
as methodically
as
though
instances in pointof quality,
thus secured ; bat I am
inclined to
were
show for a
seriesof
a
They worked well,both as
Long

Sutton

"

schedule of the Show

'*

"

"

__^_

"

poultry

long

years.

lU

joubnaij

of

horticultube

and

cottage

gaedeneb.

t August 10,1871.

ia any fanoy which

the Almond, is more
imaginarythan real. The impression
greaterattractiona and
posseeses
somehow
in qaestion. A prettier seems
to have got abroad amongst the fancy of the
iaterest far the breeder than the one
clination
to turn in another
direction the inBightwe are certain it is impossibleto gaze npon, than a first- presentday, and serves
and in nearlyevery instance without
a fancier,
the
of many
olass loft of these charming and sprightly
little pets,when
that
this
We
have
trial.
to
ties
only emphatically repeat
a
plumage is rich and clean,and the colours of the several variethis
we
impressionis entirelyunfounded, and that if the rightsystem
evenlyrepresented. In a great measure
suppose
of Short-faces is, so far as our
the
be
ia
perience
exmust
attributed
much
to
want
not
so
breeding
of
pursued,
neglect
apparent
far easier and
a
appreciation,as it is to the one characteristic which they in
goes (and it is not inconeiderable),
with all their Short-faced brethren more
less parmore
or
pleaeing task than the rearing of high-clasa young
common
ticipate
Yet how many
there who persevere
Carriera and Pouters.
in.
are
this
on
In answer
to the question often put, " If you admire
the
in that direction ! We
will,however, say a littlemore
turn to the primary
varieties so much, why do you not keep them ?" the invariable
point further on, and in the meantime
Oh ! because
answer
objectof these notes.
nearly always comes,
they require so
much
attention and are
In settingforth the pointsof the two varieties in qneation,
difficult to breed good, even
if you
bo
scription
with one
breed them
their similarity,
at all." Now, this difficulty
exception,will render only one decan
of rearing the
Aa colour is in oar opinionthe most im.
remarked with regardto
as we
progeny of all the Short-faces,
necessary.

if there

"

The

poitantproperty,we

Beard.

might also add in any other. Small and

or, perhaps,we
beautiful enough in colour and marking we do frequently
the latter two
see
silver,
black bar common
but
in
to all their brethren of these
them,
every other respectthey are merelytheir longer
colours.
Eichnesa and depth of colour are essential features, and largerconfreres
and
doubt
repeated. The answer
no
may,
and more
is this so in reference to the three first- will be made, that all this is very fine,and very much
mora
particularly
mentioned.
To obtain this with the correct marking will be
But has it not been done with
easilytalked about than done.
found a task of no
be
the Almond
by our fathers ? Why cannot we repeat it in the
easy accomplishment. The eye should
Short-faced
Bald and Beard.
white,or what ia termed the " pearleye," bright and full. In
Surely we must not oonolnde
structure the birds should be as small as possible,
that
there
are
not as much
abilityand zeal in the fanoy now as
compact,
and short in the body, flights,
and tail ; the neck short and
there was fifty
hundred
Veterans tell us so,
or
one
years ago.
taperinginto a full broad chest ; the legs short,and the feet but we will not believe it,nor that the birds of their youth far
small and neat.
excelled anythingof the presentday.

standards

are

will

commence

by remarking that the

red, yellow,black, blue,and

posiessing the

Begardingthe shape of the head we have a word or two to

say, merely by way of suggestion.As in all Tumblers, it should

And

to the
first ten

markings. The body should be selfflightfeathers in each wing, together

with the rump, tail,
with a short,fine,and straightbeak.
belly,and thighs,of a pure white,as shown
possible,
We must confess,however, that it is a matter of surpriseto us
in the portraits.And
here the similarity
in the two varieties
that no ardent enterprisinglover of the Bald and Beard has
terminates
and the distinctive characteristic steps in which
endeavoured to placeupon them
The head of the Baldhead, as far down
the broad and loftyskull of givesto each its name.
the Almond.
the ear
and justunder
be white;
That
their beauty and value
the lower jaw, should
it would enhance
as
think no one will deny. In this direction we think there is the line of demarcation
we
being clearlyand evenly defined,or,
ample scope for improvement j but fanciers of late years do as it is termed by fanciers,they must be " clean out." The
not
to hold this opinion,
seem
if anything,
colour aa the body, but it should
having head of the Beard is the same
very little,

be

aa

round

been done

now

aa

coloured; the

as

by them

to

improve the varietiesin

this

have
particular,

cresoent-ehaped
band,or beaid-Uke marking,of white

JOURNAL

AnguBt 10, 1811. 1

OF

AND

HOETICULTDEB

feathers on the throat immediately under the lower mandible,

will also be seen in the admirable sketch,which we think
will agree with us equals,if not excels,
any
fanciers generally
able and esteemed
former production from the pencilof our
Secretary,Mr. J. W. Ludlow.
We have now, we think,said all that is necessary to lead to
a right
judgmentin reference to the varieties before us, but by
few remarks in reference to Shortway of conclusion we think a
nor
out of place.
faced breeding will neither be unacceptable
there is no
the Bald and Beard in particular,
As far as regards
Almond
and
the
than
better nurses
doubt but they are much
them
instances we have known
in many
as
other Short-faces,
ever,
are
not, howtheir own
rear
progeny strong and well. They
in the most favourable weather
to be depended upon even
that
if
thing
anythe exceptionand not the rule ; so
"it is,in fact,
is an
like success
is to be achieved a staff of nurses
as

The

suitable for Short-faces than tares.

this
In our
lofts on
own
is a rare
one
young
occurrence, aud
then it is from no neglectof the nurses
; on the contrary,
many
of them are constantlyrearingthree and even
four young ones,
in
the
kindest
But
the
and always
for
possiblemanner.
pens
such a loft should be providedwith. Tbey should be 2 feet in
height and length,18 inches deep. Half the front,as shown
in the diagram, is closed with a board or blind,and the other
half with a wicket or wire gate. Inside from the blind to the
back is fixed a shelf 1 foot from the floor and the same
width,
to which opens through the blind a small door for the egress
on
and ingress
of the birds,with a ledge for them to alightupon.
death

of

On the shelfis placed

the nest-pan,and

as soon

as

115

GAEDENEB.

essentialrequirement,
as, in fact,itis to every breeder of

high-

class birds.
better than the flying
or common
are
For this purpose none
long-facedbirds,
Baldheads. We do not allude to the excessively
known
as
between them and the Short-faces,
but to a medium
"
"
birds.
pleasant-faced
All that is necessary in reference to nests,hatching,shifting,
fullyexplainedin our article upon the Almond; it is,
"e., was
What we more
to repeat it here.
ticularly
partherefore,
unnecessary
wish to say at present is upon a most important and
viding
neglectedfeature in connection with Pigeon-breeding,the proThe
or feeders.
accommodation
for the nurses
hole or corner
is
is that any out-of-the-way
Their
are
them.
for
generally
requirements
quitegood enough
the last to be attended to either as regards cleanliness or food,
sense
ought to make it apparent that the
whereas common
of proper
notion

common

Ealdhead.

should be their lot.

The warmest,
treatment
"very opposite
driest,and most comfortable portionof the loft should be set
apart for them ; and if convenient they should be allowed full
be percepin the open air,the benefit of which will soon
liberty
tible
in which the important functions allotted
in the manner
to them
and a constant
are discharged,A hopper of vetches
supply of pure fresh water should always be at their command.
Our experienceis,that by keeping them to one
kind of grain
they feed better and keep their young better suppliedthan by
in
other
and
wholesome
no
food is more
or more
feeding any
way,
the
principle

COTTAGE

the old birds

are

readyto layagain,it should

the

be shifted with the young

to
beneath,and a clean one

floor

substituted.
The

advantage of the above plan

be apparent at a glance. The

birds cannot disturb the old
young
it puts them
birds while sitting,
out of danger when
they
entirely
the
nest, causes them
begin to leave
to learn to feed themselves
early,so
that when they are able to ascend to
the shelf they are ready for removal
to the generalloft.These pens have,
other advantages,
amongst many
roughly
thothose
of being readily and
cleaned,theygivethe lofta
and uniform
neat
appearance, and
in every way add to the pleasureof
must

to
the fancier in ways unnecessary
detail. Notwithstanding that we
have never
these pens in use
seen
wish to claim
in any other loft,
we
or novel in their production.It is possible
nothingoriginal

JOURNAL

116

OF

in many
breeding establishments ; but
adopted them, and want to be succesaful
have only to say,
of Sbort-faoes,
we
Pigeon breeders, especially
in the resuU."
"
Try them and you will not be disappointed
that they may
for those who

be in

have

use

not

"

SoCIETT.

COLUMBAKIAN

BlEMINGHA-M

OUR

LETTER

BOX.

ence
Wood
Hoaae, Hantingdon, writes us in referCtiABKE, of Monk's
"
"
could
Our
Letter Bos " last week, that she
to what apoeared in
and
a
Ptarmigan
Mr.
pair of White
Corbet a pair nf White
not send
In that case
Friesland fowls, valaed at quite "5, for "2 the four birds."
think Mrs. Clarke ought to have returned the money.
we
Mks.

Mr. Reginald S. S. WoodPoiltry

Show.""
Croydon
at
clams at the Croydon
Hamburah
the PencilUd
thatin
H. Pickles,
his birds were
highly commended, while those of Mr
jun.,took first and second prizes," [Mr. Retriuald S. S Woodgate ousjht
so
to the facts before making
positive a
satisfied himself
as
to have
correct, to that
was
induced us to alter what
statement as that which
honest in making that statement
which
was
incorrect, but that he was
we
fullybelieve from his expressed regret and the whole tone of his
Hambdrghs

gate wishes to state

Show

letter." Eds.]
Spanish

hope

many

Sitting
(Constant Reader)." We
will follow your good example.

Hen

Lemon

Buff

thank

you

much,

[ Angnst 10, 1871.

GARDENER.

A sudden
a precarious stock.
Very littledisarranges them.
ing
weather, a draught, a chill will prove the fallacyof countchickeas before they are
hatched.
and
Keep the bird warm
'rom
draughts; indulge him occasionally with a drop or two of
away
sherry in his water; be kind to him, because he claims the attention at
nurned
advico
him through the moult
your iiands,but when
you have
my
W. A. Blakston.
is.Give him away."
Bees
Expelled
for taking up hives varies
Uniting
( 0. '?.)."The time
such as heath countries,being later than
according to the diftrict, some,
of August is as good a time
as any.
others but, on the average, the end
do so without
It is not necessary
the queen, but if you can
to capture
much
trouble all the better.
Straw
Hives
Transferring
Bees
Woodbury
Hives
from
to
{G. F.
Ta"ra/n.)."Provided
you transfer all the conibs of the straw hives into the
why you
frames, and give liberal feediog in addition,there is no reason
should not be able to effect the transfer at once
; but we should prefer
the operation will be found
leaving it until April of next year, when
leas difficulty.We
have
not been
in the habit of
attended with much
hives by putting in dividing (rflm*'R,but see no
reducing the size of our
We
ohjuctiou to your doing so.
prefer having hives of different sizes,
and shiftingaccording to the strength of the colonies.
Slaughter
bees slaughtering their drones
Dkone
-Your
{C. A. J",).
does not prove
It is usually
that
the hives have or have not queens.
considered
is over, at
to be a sign that the best of the honey season
least for the time.

Canaries

change

are

in the

your

and
METEOROLOGICAL

Exhibition
Cochins
Cinnamon
for
bition
(^. j.)._It is exceedingly difficult to breed cocks and puUets fit for exhiabou*
colour.
from the same
parents. There is not much difficulty
there
is
nnd
are
correct
in
pure-bred,
that
are
particular,
If the

Breeding

COTTAGE

AND

HORTICULTUBE

and

Camden

Lat. 51" 32' 40"

N. ;

OBSERVATIONS.

Square,

Long. 0^

London.

8' 0" W. ; Altitude 111 feet.

parents

littledoubt of their producing perfect birds in that resppct. Td produce

the
have to watch
beautiful
of all colours, you
the Lemon, the most
in
of hackle
is a tendency to a darker shade
parents narrowly. There
Both these end
the hen, and to a white patch on the wing of the coclt.
to
be
found
are
The
Cinnamoug
hardly
originU
in Silver Cinnamons.
the colour of
hackle, and a body very much
The hen had a very dark brown
of wetted cinnathe
colour
mon.
all over
rock
was
a dark Cochin
egg. The
after the hen
than the cock, and you
As a rule,all fowls taUe more
should mate accordingly. Scfin the size of the future cup bird dosely.
choose for his
and see in what he is deficient, remedy it in the hen vou
'from none
with
in breeding your
Do
pullets. Breed
the same
mate.

they
capitaldefect**,

are

sure

to be

hereditary.

Table
for
Eggs
{P. H. S )." You do not require to keop a cock, but if
a-fortnieht. You will do quite
once
you object to that course, borrow one
choose between
Cochins, Brahmas, and
You
one.
without
may
aa well
We think the second.
Creve-Cceurs.
Your birds not matching
[An Exhibitor).
and
Kite Kkh
Agate
Cock
of a prize.
would, we fear, grea'.lydiminish vour chance
REMARKS.
Diseased
(TF. T. S)." Your birds have roup" cold is the
Pigeons
there being no wind to temper the
2ud.
Beautiful day, rather too wtirm.
of
will
amount
bear
heat, but cold weather or cold
any
cause
; Pigeons
heat.
between 4 and 5 p M.. but no rain.
Uloudy
inclined
Some
strains
of Piceons are very much
dranghts injure them.
finp
I ' azy in early morning,
after 11 a m. ; fine sunset ; a little
8rd.
very
Mix
bad constitution.
to depend partly on
seem
to roup, so it would
wind in the evening, and consequently cooler.
more
Roup is very hiird to cure ; indeed, there is no
hemp seed in the food
showers
in
the
4th."
Rain
niaht
and
during the day, fine
morning,
early
"
"
by a dose or two
Some get rid of it,"says " A Foreigner,"
certain cure.
evening.
of soda or
a
pinch of
by a dose of carbonate
of charcoal powder, some
5th. A lovelyday throughout : suusbine, pleasant breeze, and no rain,
recovered by
are
by a dose of flowers of sulphur. Some
alum, and some
fith. Rflther cloudy in morning, but a lovely day ; hot, but a little wind.
We
believe this to be
never."
by another, and some
one
remedy, some
7th. Dul
day; breeze from north in the
early,but a splendid summer
Loss of
the truth. Warruth
keeps the roup oway, and cold brings it on.
afternoon.
for a bird.
is no abaolute
eve
disqualificntion
an
8th." Hazy in early morning, sky nearly cloudless all day, very littlewind
be kept
Rabbits
(W. H. fl").-Rabbits may
in
Hutches
not
Keeping
tillevening.
perhaps a circular
in
so-called pits,or arlificial warrens;
with success
and yet not oppressive,there being a
The warmest
week this summer,
ing
from
8 to 12 feet, accordhe of any diameter,
looks the be=t. It may
one
nice air,especiallyin the evening." (i. J, Symons.
4
and
feet
about
be
deep,
of Rabbits intended
to
to the number
kept,
should be left at about
2^ feet
half the fiiameter
in a sandy soil. One
their
in and make
from the bottom of the pit for the Ribbits to burrow
COVENT
MARKET."
August
9.
GARDEN
and sides of tbe pit should he boardpd or protected
nests. The bottom
wards,
downThe
or
outwards
supply of soft fruit has much mod' rated this week, and Currantg
burrowiuG
with wire netting to prevent the Rabbits
rather
command
and
now
Gooseberries
are
roof
"it
Good
with
a
over.
covered
samples
nearly
whole should be
and so escaping. The
may
tarines,
the ground, tn
comprise Peaches, Necat 6 feet from
Uigh prices. Importations are
very heavy, and
to give a rustic appearance"
be of straw
ana
Green
and
and
Melons.
Grapes
with
Gage
other
the
Plums,
Apricots,
Surround
wot.
much
too
space
and
open
air
admit
prevent
tufficient
Pines are quite
for the trade.
A door in the netting
of enemies.
wire netting to prevent the enir ince
and ladder will be requisite for feeding and capture. Rabbits maybe
hiving
in " courts "walled round
on the cold sides, and
kept with success
B.
B, d.
to a height of 3 or 4 feet,
of earth thrown
mounds
up against thRwll
lb. 11
Apples
Malberrlea
i sieve 1 0 to2
from
tbe
wall, all the rest being an open
and 2 or 3 feet in thickness
4
doz.
0
doz.
8
ayriuots
Nectarines
and
thus
about in a half-wild state,
they can
caper
(JlierriBB
I'W 20
lb.
6
space, in which
r
Ornuffes
We
shou'd suggept as
doubt pay for the espen-^e.
treated thev will no
0
Chestnuts
bushel
0
doz.
Peaches
Hare
or
the
Belgian
court,
turn
either
in
a
OurruutB
sieTe
0
doz.. 0 0
pit
the best vaneties to
j
out,
Pears, Icitohen
0
with a few
Black
do.
2
'^ 0
doz.
or
either of these or both mixed
dessert
and Silver-f^rey,
Rabbit
doz.
0
lb. 8 0
Figa
introduced
now
into
Pine Apples
are
The two
varieties named
Rabbits.
common
3 G
0
lb.
FUberts
Plums
i sieve
the Belgian for its size,as it weighs from 8 to 10 lbs.,and the
warrens,
0 0
doz.
lb.
0
Cobs
Quinces
valuable
skin.
Silver-Grey for its more
lb. 0 6
GooBeberrieB
6
Raspberries
quart
of
The
looseness
J
Feathers
J?.)."
Losing
their
(0.
Bullfinches
lb. 0
Hothouse....
lb.
0
-itrawberries
Grapes,
to cold, inducing
leather may
possiblyresult from hunaer and their exposure
0
bushel 10
Walnnts
Lemons
%" 100
The
true moulting
season
1
ditto
a general d(-rangement of Ibe system.
each
0
*H00
Melons
in
them to moult
nnd cucnuraRe
Keep them warm,
is now
just at hand.
VEGETABLES.
clothes. The
earnest, and most prohably they will take care of their new
"

"

"

"

"

"

"

diet is excellent." W. A. Blakston.

doz.
Artichokes
Singing
not
Canary
(A Fancier).~Yon should have detailed your
""
100
Aapiiragus
too late to make
up lost time.
as it is now
earlier in the season,
sorrows
1 sieve
BuauB, Kidney
is no guarantee
A whole season's good conduct on the part of a Canarv
bushel
Broad
period of mi^'conduct of the
than a protracted
for the future, any more
doz.
Beet, Red
most
flagrantcharacter should be accepted as evidence of worthlessness.
bundle
Broccoli
in which flpnarentlyPterilo
without number
instances
I c uld enumerate
BruMHela Sprouts..! sieve
indifferent
doz.
selfish,
into
cruel,
fruitful
vines;
developed
have
Oabbitge
parents
into
decent,
cannibals
|;*100
and even
Capaicuma
into most
aflTectionate nurses;
mothers
bunch
Carrots
is equally true,
the converse
of society. And
well-cooducted
members
doz.
Cauliflower
it by no means
the vtndor of your bird got three nests
follows because
bundle
Celery
oE ner^essityattend
munt
success
from him
last Bea8'^n
that the same
buuohea
Colewort8..doz.
dealer's
puff",should not
Ibis year.
mere
him
Such
a
a
warranty"
each
Cncumbera
accnrded to such an
bpen
have
have been given, nor should
doz.
any credence
pickling
which
d"iz.
assertion. But beyond this fand it is just these little pnnoyancps
Endjvo
rests
bniioh
Fennel
fault
the
entirely
look
dnalers),
with
make
purchasers
suspicion oa
lb.
"
with the bird
He was a capital singer"" itself an evidence of health, Garlio
bunch
begun to sing, and I Herbs
but continued to sit panting on the perch, has never
bundle
Horseradish
,,.,
the
fact
of
that
is now
goingto moalt. It is onlyan everydayinstance
..

d.
Oto
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0

6
0
6
0

6
0
0

8.

6
0
4

0
bunch
Leeks
0
doz.
Lettuce
pottle 1
Mnshrooms
MuHtard
Ar!"'flHH..pnnTiet0
4
bunches
Onions
doz.
per

qu"rt
sieve
doz.

8
0

Peas
Po tatoea

quart

Kidney

Siivoya
Sea-kalo
Shallots

Spinach
Tomatoes

Turnips

..

ba shel
do.
doz. bunches
bundle
doz.
baakex
lb.
bnsbel
"

picldmg
Parsley
ParsDips

Radiflhes
llhubarb

d. 8.
too
1

1
8

0
0
0

"

doz.

bunob

Vegetable Marrows., doz.

Angnst 17,

VINE

JOURNAL

1871. ]

BORDERS

AND

OB" HOETIOULTUKE

YOUNG

AND

COTTAGE

GABDENEE.

117

shattered to fragments
tempered had become completely
therefore useless for building;
in the burning,and were
I thought,admirably adapted for mixing
O set of rules or directions,
however
hensive, but they were,
comprewhich would thus be preventedfrom ever
be framed to meet all requirewith the Vine soil,
can
ments
In mixing the soil
into a close inert mass.
to suit every case, no
matter
for settling
down
or
of either kind was
what particular
vation no stated quantity
used, but care was
purpose or process of cultitaken to let the turf largely
they may be required. In the very
predominate.Crushed bones
articles publishedin the pages of were
used at the rate of 1 cwt. to each foot in lengthof
numerous
VINES.

"

the varied directions the border, which, I should state,is 20 feet wide, 3 feet
works on the culture of 0 inches deep at the back, and 3 feet deep in front. This
of bones may appear excessive,but I do not think
the Grape Vine, each writer appears to,and
quantity
how they were
undoubtedly does, put forth cultural rules it will be thoughtso when I have explained
deduced from his own
prehensive,used, as I will now
proceedto do.
experience. Some are brief,comconcreted in the usual
and to the point,while others are more
cursive, The bottom of the border was
disto slopewell from the back to the front.
and even
go so far as to enter into the most
way, and made
the
laid upon and across
minute
details,each kind of soil for the border being Rows of 2 -inch drain- pipeswere
of
concrete at regulardistances, and connected with a row
weighed and measured to a nicety. The latter method
a
is all very well as far as it goes ; but such advice is only pipes running along the front of the border ; then came
this a few
reallyvaluable to those who are able to procure the sorts layer of rubble several inches deep among
and quantities
of soil indicated. Where
it is not so, such
bones were
cast; and instead of covering it with rough
to those who, sods, as has been so often advised, enough bones were
strict rules must
often prove very puzzling
if anything,
of the accommodating nature
scattered over it to keep the soilfrom working down among
knowing little,
of the Vine, and the ease with which it may be cultivated the stones.
My motive for doing this was, that although
left in doubt whether, in the event of the turf at first prevents the soU from mixing with the
are
successfully,
their not having the desired materials,
rubble, yet as the turf decays, so surely does the soil
they may venture
The
to infringe
the stones.
bones,
these rules by substituting
settle down
the best soil they gradually
among
command.
I think, therefore,
all this, will offer a rich store of food
that in laying down
can
while preventing
how soon
such rules while naming the most
It is well known
suitable soils,it would
to the roots for a long time.
of a border ; it seemed to me,
be well to state in what a varietyof soilsthe Vine is known
Vine roots reach the bottom
to iiourish,
crushed bones as I have
and that if the border is so made that the roots
therefore,that by using some
drained and
of sweet fertile soil to ramble in stated, the border would be more
thoroughly
may have an abundance
and feed upon, with ordinarycare
in culture success
The quantity of bones given will afford
is more
durable.
for mixing
almost sure to follow.
enough for this purpose, and a fair quantity
The large
number
of young Vines plantedevery year is with the soil.
should be taken that
One of our
Vines for planting
In selecting
care
surprising.
largestgrowers of pot Vines told
"

our

Journal," and

given in separate

"

that his stock,numberingmany thousands, each plant is as vigorous

and healthy as possible
; they
gether
altofor plantingcannot well be too strong. Stout fruitingcanes
are
long before the season
It is therefore certain that there are
was
over.
to the weakly
as they
plantingcanes
preferable
every
ing
season
numerous
beginnersin Vine- culture ; and having are called,and which are so frequentlyused, though costmade a border for a range of vineries last season, in which
nearlyas much as the strongerplants. Fine fruiting
the Vines have grown
be had for 7s. (id.
in a very satisfactory
now
it plants of the choicest kinds can
manner,
if I givea ifew
I think, that it is true
of the chief details of each ; it must therefore be granted,
may be useful to some
the work.
to others costing
to purchasesuch in preference
economy
The soil and subsoil on the site of the border were
iirst nearlyas much, and yet so weak as to requireat least an
of all thoroughly
into a fit state for proto bringthem
examined.
The soil proved to be a poor
additional season
ducing
shallow loam, and the subsoil a
good fruit.
very stiffretentive clay
saturated with moisture.
It was, therefore,
kind of canes
Whatever
are
used, it is of the highest
quite evident
that the soil was worthless for the
importancethat the whole of them should be uniform ia
purpose, and that means
must
be adopted to guard the roots from contact with the size and strength,
under which
because the treatment
cold wet subsoil. In making the border I was
is often
allowed to strongVines with plentyof sound roots will flourish,
abundance of turf taken fresh from a bed of red loam
use
an
of this is very
cause
very hurtful to weakly plants. The
stronglyimpregnated with oxide of iron ; a large heap of apparent. The fine prominent buds of the strong Vines,
old pond mud
also at my disposal. This had had a
was
excited by the steadily-increasing
temperature, break
quantity of lime mixed with it; it had been lyingin a forth into vigorousgrowth; and the abundant healthyroots
for
of years, had been turned once
the stored-upsap in
a number
so quicklythat when
form spongioles
sunny corner
or
twice,and had become so thoroughlypulverisedand the canes is exhausted, or nearlyso, the roots are ready
sweetened that it was
in reality
So the Vines,
made
an
friable to supplythe demand
excellent,strong,
upon them.
soil. To these two kinds of soil was
added a quantityof sustainingno
the trellis quicklyand with
check, mount
from
weaker
bricks,
from beingbadly surprising
which,
some
cause
plants; they wiU
probably
vigour.Not so the
me

was

last

season

nearlyexhausted

"

"

"

No. 542."Vol. XXI., New

Saaira.

No. 1194."YOL. XLYI.,

Old

Sebies.

OF

JOUKNAL

118

HOETICULTUEE

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

[ Atigast 17, 1871

sticks over the tree. The nettingis of a largemesh, and seemed

freelyas the others,but theyhave
producerootlets so fast as the larger so very transparent and so slighta protectionwhen put up that
Vines, and consequently,after growing a few inches in length, I had no hope it would effect the end in view, but the event
the shoots,not being suppliedwith sap nearly so fast as they proved otherwise ; for I need not tell you that the late spring,
unfavourable
from its cold and damp, was
for fruitparticularly
requireit,and yet being subjectedto the livelytemperature so
suitable to their stouter neighbours,grow
so
slowlyand so weakly setting,but the result is that my Malta Peach tree was
that the delicate foliage
is destroyedby the first hour or two of
covered with fruit that we have been obligedto thin it heavily
than once, and its present crop is,1 think,thicker than
Thus
the Vines sustain a shock so severe
more
bright sunshine.
that they take all the season
to recover
from its effects. It is, it strictly
ought to be. C. E.
therefore,
very certain that such weak Vines ought to have a
house to themselves,where
be
they can
kept at a temperature
DISEASE.
THE
POTATO
suited to their strength,so that,growing slowlyat first,
they
tion
but hope that the extent of
I HEAK
of this from all quarters,
through the critical periodof the formamay
pass unscathed
of the first young
its preof tolerable
the evil as yet is greatlyexaggerated. It manifested
roots, and produce canes
sence
robust Vines.
here (oear Luton)a few days ago by the witheringof
size,though altogetherinferior to the more
One other pointin the culture of young Vines is so important some
of the leaves when
they ought to have been very green,
that it cannot
be too often reiterated
it is that those having but very few of the tubers are
as
yet affected. Still,I am
the care of them
in a
should keep themselves
and
those
which
have been taken up and housed
as
never
of
sure
thoroughly
constantlyacquaintedwith the condition and progress of the seeminglyclean and healthy state without a speck or flaw,as
Potatoes
roots as they do of the shoots,so that the Vines, being freely in former years I have found the apparently sound
ever
supplied with water when they need it,may be kept in full have been tainted,and the taint spread in the store heap howThe crops
Edwakd
covered.
LncKHUKST.
vigourthroughout the growing season.
dry the earth with which they were
tubers
become
and
if
few
seem
to be unusuallyheavy,
only a
diseased the loss will not be much
and the pricewill not
felt,
DENDROBIUM
CHRYSANTHUM.
be much
raised.
I have been looking for the visitation for
In the rich collection of Orchids
at Ferniehurst, Baildon, weeks after such dull showery weather,and more
as
especially
Dendrobium
near
Leeds, several plants of the above-named
closer togetherthan they ought to have
were
been,
my rows
clothed with their magnificentgolden yellow flowers ; and often planted as intermediate
are
now
crops, and therefore having
but most
notice are
two exceedinglysturdy the least instead of the greatestamount
and air.
worthy of our
of sun
4 feet in length,bearing
I
has
under
growths, one of which measures
what
from
come
observation,
Judging
my own
seventy flowers,the other 5 feet 6 inches,and bearing eighty think there is nothing very alarming as yet, though the reports
This is a
unable to do more
flowers,forming two splendid stringsof bloom.
that reach us rather belie such hopes. I am
attention than it generallyreceives, in the
plant which deserves more
way of advice than to give a hint,and that founded on
introductions
it
littlein
the
shade
but
newer
a
having put
two
;
experiments in former years, and therefore too few to
although it has been in the country for upwards of fortyyears, enable one to say surelywhether the result might be cause and
it is still one
of the most
lovelyand attractive Dendrobiums
or
effect,
merely a fortunate coincidence.
have.
The plantsreferred to are
tractive In almost all cases
atrendered still more
we
I believe that the disease first attacks the
than they otherwise would be from their retainingthe
in proporstems and leaves,and it will do this all the sooner
tion
which greatlyimproves the appearance
of the flowers.
foliage,
luxuriance of the plant,the richness of
to the vigour and
Dendrobium
is
a
of
which
and decreased direct
chrysanthum
plant
extra moisture
the soil,
and the continued
easy culture,
should be in every collection. It succeeds best when grown in sunlight in the atmosphere. After plants have been slightly
age
a hanging pan or basket filled with peat and
off the disease,
and put
them
throw
attacked I have known
moss, good drainamount
of heat
being provided. It requiresa moderate
out fresh foliageif there was
change in the weather
a sudden
and moisture
during the growing season, after which it may be from close,moist,and dull to the breezy,bright,and warm.
removed to a cooler house, where it will amply repay the cultivator
the evil comIn the majorityof oases, however, when
once
mences
by producing a profusionof its rich flowers.
as
even
it goes on
lees or more
respectsthe tops,and
At Ferniehurst,in another house, there are a few pans of
The
then
is
affect
the
roots.
ere
great object
long begins to
Disa grandiflora
In one
I have resuperba in excellent condition.
ferred
to limit its action on the roots, and the two oases
pan I
noticed thirteen spikes. The plants are growing close to the
that by removing the tops as soon
as
to seemed
to show
the flowers,
which are brightscarlet and
glass,by which means
they were tainted the tubers beneath suffered less. The sooner
crimson, veined with pink, are brought to perfection. There
this is done the better,so that the disease should not pass as
I think, who
not many,
with great success
are
in the
meet
the stem
the surface of the ground. Of course
far down
as
cultivation of this lovelyOrchid ; but in,the Odontoglossum
all action in the tops being thus taken away, the tubers will
house it seems
quite at home, and better health could not be grow little or nothing afterwards,but they will ripen and
attained.
Close to it are
some
Late Potatoes,
little more
after the tops are withdrawn.
good specimens of Oncidium
mellow
a
macranthum
five plantsI counted one
hundred
of its rich
even
where the tubers have scarcelybecome
; on
waxy when
Two or three are excellent vaflowers,
forming quite a mass.
rieties
attacked,will scarcelyever, if even the tubers are not seized
of the plants flowered some
time ago, and had, I
be fit for the tables of any but those who
; one
with the disease,
was
told,a spike 12 feet in length bearing forty-fourflowers. delightin a waxy Potato.
It is strange what different tastes
Of all Onoidiums
yet known I think this the most lovelyand
this subject. I like a mealy Potato,not a bit of the
exist on
introduced
into this country by Messrs.
to the heart when
interesting.It was
outside boiled away, and soft and mellow
Backhouse
N. G. S.
" Sons, of York.
cooked.
A friend of mine, a lady,and a good generalcook too,
cannot bear a Potato unless it is juicyand waxy, and has what
when
centre
at the heart or
she calls something of a stone
PROTECTING
FRUIT
TREES.
it is
as
Now
cooked.
as
regards removing the haulm as soon
There
an
was
interestingarticle at page 29 about the pronice piece of Potatoes,seemingly as
On
a
affected.
tectionmuch
of fruit trees from
I let one
frost,and I can entirelyendorse much
alike as possible,
part remain, as the tubers
the opinions therein expressed. My garden is unfavourably were
close to the ground ;
not ripe; the second part I cut down
in
where
situated
neither soil nor
a county
climate is adapted and the third part I treated in the same
way : but having some
for high-class
wall fruit. It is at a considerable
burned
charred
refuse a little
and
and
elevation,
quicklime and a heap of
near
mountains, the mists from which give us too much moisture,
and containing a considerable
quantity of ashes from
warm,
and hide the sunlight. We
have very cold spring winds
of barrowloads mixed
together,
weeds, "o., I had a number
and frosts. Few in this neighbourhood are
adventurous
so
as
the top of the stems thus out down.
and threw the mixture on
to attempt Peach-growingon
On takingthe Potatoes up, the part left to itself had fullyonewalls,but owing to my
open
having a warm,
well-sheltered,
and after housing and covering
fourth of the tubers diseased,
snug corner, I planted on the
south wall a Malta Peach, which
fourth
had become
fine healthy with dry soil,charcoal refuse, "c., more
than another
a
tree, and blossoms well yearly,but had never
set a fruit. This
In the part cut down, one-twelfth of
turned out unfit for use.
spring my gardener,seeing it covered with splendid bloom, the crop was bad, and about one-tenth of those stored went
suggested,as our Cherry netting was
and roughly dressed
then lying idle,that we
in the heap. Of those cut down
wrong
should hang a couple of the nets, so as to be
double,from the with what is an enemy to all fungi,about one-thirtieth was
wall coping,which projects
4 or 5 inches,and supportthe double
spotted with the disease,and of those stored hardlyone was
thickness at a littledistance from the wall on a few rough affected.
indeed burst into growth as
not the recjnieite
strengthto

"

"

"

"

August 17, 1871. ]

JOURNAL

OP

Such simple facts are too limited to permit one

safe inference, but they might afford a hint in a

COTTAGE

AND

HOETIOULTUEE
to draw

; and

its way

GARDENEE.

I would

the tubers are

of all late Potatoes where
direction in the case
form, grown
H.
the tubers,as in the case
of the early Eecord.
far from ripe. When
kinds,are mature, it would be the wisest policyto take them
them
and
E.
Fish.
cool.
and keep
dry
np at once
"

and

impress

further

requirea diuretic to

promising

blanched

119

on

this as
has been

use

as

those who constitutionally

salad iu a relishable
recommended
by Mr.

Knight, Floors.

"

In

CULTURE

OP

CLIANTHUS

DAMPIERI.

Until
this year I have failed to flower this most lovelyplant.
Plant and the
It is known
of the Parrot-beak
by the name
The first and the only time I
Glory Pea of New Zealand.
in 1861.
of the Eegent'sPark Shows
at one
it in flower was
saw
I was
struck with its beauty that I determined
to grow it,
so
I sowed
seeds year
but I have failed from then until now.
The
in the cataloguesand books.
after year as recommended
seedlingscame
up, attained 6 or 8 inches in height,and then

damped oS.

not

POT-VINES.

cessful
followingpaper I will relate what has been my sucvenience
experience in growing pot-Vines with limited conin one
place for several years, and although I may
describe anything uncommon,
remarks
may prove of
my

the

interest to some
of your readers.
It is usual in many
gardens during springto have one, two,
of
three,hotbed frames put up in the course
or, perhaps, even
the season.
In the firstof these,then, among
the other things
a lot of Vine
eyes are inserted in a pan in the usual manner.
As they become
nicelyrooted,they are placed singlyin small
of the frame, and grown
pots. They are still kept in a corner
As they advance they are encouraged in similar quarters,
on.
and by-and-by,
perhaps, shifted into a fresh frame where there

it in
annual
This CUanthus
is an
Some sow
or biennial.
the autumn
and flower it in the followingsummer,
treatingit,
it is a greater heat.
bad
the
that
in fact,as a biennial
chances
a
are
plan,as
They are kept as long as possibleunder such circumstances,
will not survive the winter.
I now
give what I consider to be
the bedding plants are
and about the middle of May, or when
the whole secret of success.
On the lat of February put two
gettingout of hand, they are transferred into ordinary-sized
seeds in the pot in which the plantsare intended to flower
an
cold
frames.
In
these
of
a row
plants is set along the front
8-inch pot is quite sufiicient. For soil use
turfyloam and a
little well-decomposed dung, with a mixture
of silver sand ; of the frames,almost as close togetheras the pots will stand.
the frame
A few piecesof strong cord are
tacked tightlyacross
charcoal drainage is good, and a little turfyfibre to surround
off the ground, and at a
the collar of the plant I consider
is of great importance. to act as a trellis to keep the canes
placedin these quarters
regulardistance from the glass. When
Plunge the pot or pots to the rim in a brisk bottom heat, and
tendance,
the Vines are
as
possibleby good atencouraged as much
them
it a Equare of glass is placed over
the seeds will germinate
husband
sun
heat, and I have
shutting-upearly to
If one seed come
it is well,but if two vegetate
sooner.
sound
and
often
with
roots
as
a
as
seen
canes
tops
it is better. Ey no
means
many
separate them, as two plantsmake
this way by the end of the season.
a splendidspecimen, or rather a better display. Over-watering bell,"produced in
Canes thus grown
not be nearly so good-lookingnor
is fatal ; giveonly a littlewhen they are in need of it. Plenty
may
selves,
so
of
and air must be afforded.
strongas those reared in bottom heat in houses by themC. M.
^asft
"

"

"

light

Court,

McCkow,

"

Faversham.

THE

BROAD-LEAVED
WINTER

on

DANDELION

AS

SALAD.

Chicobt and Endive are, as Mr. Eecord observes in his paper

winter salads, very useful and excellent,
but it is nothing as

into this
introduced
compared with the new
hybrid Dandelion
This is a decided improvement
country by Messrs. Stuart " Mein.
the Chicory,and is equal to and as fine-looking
on
in the
salad-bowl
the Broad-leaved
Bataviau
as
Endive
of
(Soarole
the French). The culture recommended
by Mr. Eecord for the
latter will suit this well in an
ordinary way, but when this
Dandelion
is two years old it is extraordinarily
large and fine.
Sown even
now, the plants by next year's winter will fill a

bushel

measure.

iu other hothouses,all through the season, but for

or
their size they are often by far the best ; for second-sized canes
with good sound
roots and well-ripenedstems produce often
better crops of Grapes than others twice the size and apparently
sound
enough. I could prove this by an instance under my
observation at the presenttime.
own
be
These
in a good season
in the cold frames
can
canes
ripened to perfection. The sashes,according to the weather,
of
air
and
be
moved
amount
can
can
at convenience,
any
it is
of growth is over
be given. When
their full season
away to a back place and plunge
the pots iu coal ashes to insure the roots from being injured
by too sudden changes of temperature,till the time arrived for
which
their being put into the forcing-pit,
was
generallyin
November.
They have always done well,producingvery good
dishes of Grapes in May.
would
This plan of growing young
canes
certainlynot be

generallythe plan to take them

Instead of lifting
the roots we
the
put pots or boxes over
better conveniences, but in many
cases
resorted to if I had
and cover
them with a little litter or leaves as with
In this
the most
of things as they are.
Sea-kale. The same
plants,of course, will last for several we have to make
instance there is a small stove for fruitingthe Vines in,but
I
years, whereas the Scarole requiresto be sown
every year.
lot of Vines.
I have known
should be glad if Mr. Eecord would try it,and I am
not another for growing a young
confident
in which
of other cases
he and others will thank me
for bringingit to their notice.
I
good fruitingpot-Vines could have
been reared in a similar way, but the attempt was
not made.
used to be amused
to see the cultivated beds of Dandelion
at
EOBEKT
the potager of Versailles ; and when
MACKELLAS.
I left France
my friend,
Mr. Hardy, told me
he expected this large-leaved
Dandelion,
which
then newly introduced,would
was
quisition
prove a great acFAILURES.
CUCUMBER
to his salad supply. I have no doubt but it will be
with healthy growth,
"used extensively
about
CucuMEEB
everywhere in France, and especially
plants well established,
diuretics are
white,clean,
Paris, where
much
and the soil filled " with fine,
required by the people. largegreen foliage,
M. Andrg Leroy once
to
told me
he employed hundreds
of people healthy-lookingroots," and yet without sufficient stamina
in his department to gather in spring immense
infer
one
quantitiesof produce or rather io mature
any fruit what can
the Dandelion
perature,
for the Paris markets.
It is a remarkable
fact from such a statement but the presence of a faultysoil or temthat most French people study the medicinal qualities
taining
Will "D., Deal," thin the vine,only reboth?
of everyor
thing
feed
with
and
eat
more
than we
do.
liquid
they
the strongestshoots, apply soil,
Asparagus they eat, not so
result
the
much
the
after
as
a matter
of taste,but because it is good for the system.
tell
us
and
as I have suggested,
manure,
I am
I
not speaking of Parisians,
who
are
trial,for which there is still abundant time this season.
very like ourselves in
stance.
likingdoctors and medicine always in sight,but of the genuine detest mysteries,and do not believe we have one in this inFrench
country folk,who understand at least the preservation
Is it possiblethat the soil used is of too light a
of health in its natural simplicity.
I never
I have now
four largeplantsclothed with huge green
saw
a
country nature?
for
house,
instance,without a bag of Lime flowers to use as a foliage,
and laden with fruit in all stages of growth. They are
tisane,or the garden without the guimauve or Marshmallow, in 10-inch pots, which were
long ago concealed from view by
the roots of which make
most
a
valuable wash iu a family in
the sods of turf packed around them, layer after layerof turf
and the
certain cases, whether for a cold in the head or any annoyance
havingbeen added as often as the roots became visible,
where the mucous
membrane
is affected.
in full vigour and frui^fulness by the
plants are maintained
But I find I am
s's
as
gallons
of sheep-dung water, as much
wandering from what I really
had to say
constant use
the improved Broad-leaved Dandelion
simplyto recommend
to
having been given to each plant daily during the late hot
the notice of gardeners generally
the
laced
roots,
as quite a superior thingiu
togetherby
weather. The sods are
crowns,

"

"

"

completely

1871.
[ AoRust 17,

finia

"
"
.

Madame

yea^in^
il the end of theIyonng
-D^^'^/j'ifaeTay
have
and
LtiDRthe blossom
j"^,
the end.
'""^
I H.V.

C;ac.n.be" this

lo.t ma.7

n/al

"

and others
a

e.e

"^

".""".";,..

had
.ad

and shmbs.
^^I'^^^^^^^^^^M
^subjects,
trees

miscellaneous

Of

at

"

5,fi
resultof

cnilie. sol

T ve^y
'^"f
jj?
Do-'^l^'
fine,
Hamme..ith,
SrS^eKreiqere"^^^^^^

of tUe neaps.
fat into either

scribedby "D.,

""""_-.

are

not

easily c"r"

so

vigorousor

too

t"o

"

jf^^^w

^.^otion,and
This is

before,an
exhibited

times

advantage.

.
,

Gladiolns
the Show

tato"

extra

an

prize.

and wk
/pites;

Dombrain

Ponglas took

j^

tbird^

decided

"^

The

1?S"^'=|
".^^o,
of Cbilwel l^-^""?^' awarded last year
,

^^

^fZ'

""
^^-l^,,

eSt^d
ir ^at^^^n^tlS^
a

'

jSleBBrB.

not for

fine collection
WnMen,

c..".""

was

mired.

Its flavour

that ""fth

Norwood, sent

dish ot

rich ruby
f-non,...^^^^^^^^^
^tterT:;veriou7''cii:mpioa,
Brand, JoJ. Leviathan,
Wamlnster,

S"^,.e
WilUam

\""'=;i,^

were

and
Paul "
Ccranra, ^ni
^,^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^,^^
Jon Jheel
wito
Peaches w^ss^a.
second ^f^'h.
aTdAVashingtonPI- 'ITsh^rsfili.bai
resrctively
.-d^nt^gecompared
^^disadvantage
t"
t^i^f^
xespectively
wig ra*er
niy
which
gardener
certificate awarded
Mi

^.^

Messrs.

as

was

laced paper,

Sainwhite
i.nio""

card

"-=

certo
certa

snard. Of

"

Amabuis,
rosy crimson ;

oaim

y aa
twelve,

^^^^^^^

_^^

-.,3 "La,ng,

to Wrs.
!,"w
R'''^*'"'',
fiist special

was

and was
",,,;,,itor,

oi

o"u=...

'"; {""

to

sir. Craddock,gardener

Lo'd

Wmo

to J.
gavdcner

lietue

^J^_^^^
^^ j^^

Earl of

[ August 17, 1871.

GABDENEE.

COTTAGE

AND

HOBTICULTUBE

OF

JOTJBNAL

122

^^giiisisiiii
Xnt'Tnl"
others

Dut in.

is said to enter the

creosote

The

pole

iSi^brrir^rr?ri^:fr=g
n^hraranlt^H^ptrsis
,reat *at allMnds
"sed

of copbut he

so

Bice^ood
of sufficientsize
-Chestnut
CstTopular

are
and straightness
and Larch many

^
thu^^^^^^^^^

V^pfeTtn^^rh!"
B^^
r^ot'^^^A^Vm^rand
are'of met
Smtand"ATder
almost

enduring

as

render^
P;o-bs
?'''-Zl

with,the dipp ng

ten

hig the last two

as

P"/^^';

b?""

mmmm
and

trees

being plantedabout

^1^"*"""^
alleys,

labour, "c.

all the necessary

finding
cutting
made
LarTare
of
also occasionally

purpose, the

for the ^ame

18 inches

or

8"

^P"'-

to

Zen

as
practised
Mrm^Vj'""j
by the sides of
pollards

not so much
around is now
and Willow and other

banks

all

"c

f
of

",
16-feet

poles.
"""

Cliestnllt
Larch
Ash

14-feet
poles.
32".

per

10-leet

12-feet
poles.

poles.

21s.

9s.

20s.

i^-

Vs.

16s.

^24s.

siae,_

".

of the

",p"aration

whi'ch
'pu'pos:
he has
Tor
^"""^J'^^'^'j^
"glo be desired,except

and

way

they

which Hops

apart than

tHher

departedfrom

soon

and

to time

^t
and then

now

^^^^^^^^

.^

planted.

are

garden was

own

distances

popular

-The
Remarks
Concluding
the weather can
the drought
1868, when
^
became
firsttime red spider

j^^ ^
^^^^^ .^
them , and for the
This insect,
"j ^^,

no

?e^""^,^"*"""3/tX
upon
Jf'^uVP^^emy.
"e"^'""7

'"
however, did not appear
favourable seasons on recor

16s.
.

,""'"

Oak.Birch, Beech, 'Willow,

Alder, Lime, and others,
It

poles

prices of Hop

yoiay
Po-'^'

His

model in every

beentriedfrorntirne

average

each

on

rara'lfH^-plotsrXTw^t-^lJ

system,

givesthe

mr.

but

to be seen,

it in
perfecting

loops,fork-ends

annexed table
hundred.

^ops

"^

wall
perfect

fthen
^"'^
re!
remains

tnpsuch

that of

was

1";"^
f^^^^f
^^70,
and the
wa

wbiou

^,,i

exception

c^rop.w^^
^^ _^^^ J^^^^

riryets%^^t1ha\n%

perh^^^^^^^^^^
to remark that Pf ^^^^'^^^'X't
iTalmost'un'necessary
L^ve-btrbrr^riJdi'^^
lufd
rr
mS
crop
iiuj,
capriciousVjordering
26 was,

t";x^^zf:?u^!b^uTxr;:e\%rJm-r^"^^
S^^^^J^^
a^^^^^^^^
of

in

"^

in generalthe polesfor
n'wmTk 0^TL'r;.-Althongh
3lV
upngni
"^.u".^
^
simply
setui^^^^^^
patented has been
gentleman_r
years ago
been tried.

suSSeHops
modes

in

set

are

have

feww

a^o

a
""

luo

tobe

seems

--

giuuuu,

^^

snouia

18bS

facMhere

the result A
"

on
""

of the most

tops of these

P^'^^.
but'tie
pfanwas
--.;\^';-^irgr

the

at an

time,

"=

aooui

no
"--

that the

bo

v""

growBr",

-y

^^y^^^^f^i^;_
=

^^-^^--^^^^^^^^

I
embarUing^m
^'ZZ\Vtlnxi^y^^Zlooiher
^^t^Xtl^rddipseemtranrr^VmethodUnted
growers

vents more

---

"-r

pii"i^i=."6

same

experiencea

is
them,"
luom,
The uncertaintythat
I^Ir-agement.
Hop
ng

nanu,

j"gt^t

nal remark
'."n^Sat
all about

the

,,,^

the other

''^"""J

,^^^

on

om

^^

^^^^^

^^^^
crop

^^^^^^_
causes,

iLl^e^ofgZr^e^ira^^^^^
tl?""
^ops
thing deterioratesmore
unsaleable,

often'

Tt^e^pVSt^Shrhasitlht

it deserves

"T X's mode

commended,

and
and

on

is this :-A

each
eacn

at 7 f-t
plantation

public

by keeping

-^ when
cwt.,

the

pa,d an

om

on

"

^^

g"'''J'fi"'f_!re duty could

/ j
^h^PP ^^^^

18s. Sd. per

exported the
expose
the Hops were
the growers, for unless
growers have paid
not be refunded. S^me

of duty,
per bf^^tfrtgaYn^h'
remaining shillings
J^^'
order *""
if""shillings
overboard
Yc^s
Yol^^'i
have sometimes been made,
in

two
PoleB
^placed^upright.
nui
''"
hill,
^are
,l~V"ohita
more
twu

ana

yXf:^oi:t^Tl'ZZ.
year there

wasa

gentleman

Angast 17, 187

somewhat

more

OP

JOURNAL

1. ]

than

that number

of

acres.

But

"

all ia not

and persons
;" the expenses are enormous,
gold that glitters
having old Hops on hand, will most likelybe willingto part
with them at leas than the cost of picking.
Land having the reputationof beiug good for Hops is eagerly
high priceswhen in the market.
sought after,and commiuds
I'oreigncompetition,which it was feared would undersell the
iiome grower, has not yet been able to do so, although there

GROUND

LEVELLING

AND

HORTICULTURE

AND

GARDEN

PLOTTING."

No. 21.

PLANS.

//, d 0" 'i'^U and ftft. From point a, with radius a m

Draw arc re, meetin"
arc
m, meeting lines d d and k h.
ftft; draw arc c, meeting lines//
e e and
and g g.
Prom
point 3 draw circle 4, nuiting with arc e. From the same

Draw

"

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.

draw
lines

",

centre draw
and 6. Prom

6,
arcs

arcs

points

8, 10, 12 drawresponding
and circles corto those

drawn from
and from
9, 11 draw

pointa
points 7,
"

arcs

and

circles
ing
correspondto those drawn
To
from
point 3.
the quatrefoil
draw
inside the circle it is
necessary to form a
square, as shown iu
side the circle drawn

points/and d,being
the
points where
circles a c, 1 c, "c.,
lO'iieach other,draw
arcs
e, and
g and
from
corresponding
.points draw corre

spendingarcs.
To transfer _/i(?.
44
to the ground. Take
line and
s,
insert
stakes in the ground,
""B at pointsa and 6,
the distance between
being48 feet. Divide
the line a 6 into six

f fom

centre

the

angles of

square

a.

draw

From
the
the

iobes,meeting each
other on the sides of
the square, and find

the

corresponding
figures6, 8, 10, 12

in the same
manner.
To transfer fig.
45
to the ground. Take
the line and insert
the
into
stakes

JBqualparts, as 1, 2,
3, 4, 5, 6, and insert
at the points
pegs
thus found. Thedis'tance between
the
pegs will be 8 feet.
On each side of the
centre line a 6 mea7 feet 4 inches,
.sure
and
insert pegs as
at points 7 7 and
10 10.
From
the
.-game

123

"

PRACTICAL

the centre line a 6, and divide it into

lines 7 7, 8 8, 9 9,
Draw
nnd 10 10. From
pointa, witb radius a k,draw arc k, meeting
the same
lines 7 7 and 10 10. From
point, with radius a h,
draw arc ft,
meeting
lines 8 8 and 9 9.
Prom
point a, with
radius a c, draw arc
and
also circle b.
"c,
From
points 1, 2,
and
"c., draw arcs
circles corresponding
to c and 6. From

GARDENER.

is little doubt but it will prevent in blightyseasons

those
ever,
fancy priceswhich were not unusual years ago. I may, hownot yet alluded to,
item of home
mention
as one
expense
15s.
tithe
laud
of
from
that Hop
to 20s. per acre more
pays a
than the ordinary rent charge that may
be affixed to it,and
regarded as one of the
Urge as this sum is,it is,nevertheless,
if not anosmall tithes, adding another to the peculiarities,
malies,
of this singularbranch of culture. J. Rjesok.

DEAWING

To draw fig.
44.
"flix
equal parts, as

COTTAGE

ground, as at points
tance
and
a
12, the disbetween
being
64 feet. Divide the
line into eight equal

parts,as 3, 6, 7, 8,
sert
9, 10,11,12,and in-

point measure

5 feet 4 inches on
each side,and insert

points8 8
Lay lines
connecting points
7 7, 8 8, 9 9, and
pegs as at
and 9 9.

10 10.
the
From
stake
at
point a,
with a string7 feet
4 inches long,trace

a
peg at each
point. The length
of each division thus
found is 8 feet. Ou
each
side
of line
9 feet
a 12 measure
9 inches, and
lay
lines d d and k h.
On each side of the
line measure
same
7 feet 3 inches,and
laylines,as " e and
each
ft ft; again on
side of the
same
line measure
6 feet
3 inches, and
lay

arc
ft,meeting lines
7 7 and 10 10. Keduce the string2 feet
e f.3Ji It
7
8
and trace arc ft,
? 10
meeting
lines 8 8 and 9 9.
Fig. 45.
Fig.44.
lines,as/ f and g g.
ileduoe
the
Scale 12 feet to the inch.
Scale 16 feet to the inch.
the
From
string
at
peg
1 foot and trace arc c.
with
centre
a
a,
Again reduce the string2 feetand trace circle5. Prom eentras string
9 feet 9 inches long trace are m, meeting lines d d and
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, with radius a c, trace arcs correspondingto k k. Reduce the string2 feet 6 inches,and trace arc n, meeting
with radius a b, whioli is 2 feet 4 inches,draw
c ; and
arc
lines e e and ft ft. Again reduce the string1 foot and trace
circles correspondingwith circle b. Wbere
the arcs meet each
From
the
lines
and
with
arc
a
same
/ /
c, meeting
g g.
peg,
other insert pegs, as at points/,
d. Prom
the pegs at points string 4 feet long,trace circle b. Prom
the peg in centre 3,
with a string 6 feet 3 inches long trace are 6. Reduce
/, d, with a striug8 feet 5 inches long,trace arcs e and g, and
the
The lines and dotted parts string2 feet 6 inches and trace are 5. Reduce the string2 feet
so on, until the border is traced.
b indicates beds ; w, walks.
indicate Box.
Prom
trace
4.
the
in
and
circle
6,8, 10, 12 trace arcs
pegs
To dia,w Jig.45.
line a 12, and divide it into
Draw
centre
and circles corresponding to a 6 and a c, and from pegs 7, 9,
eighteiinaiparts, as 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,11, 12. Draw lines d d, 11 trace arcs and circles corresponding
To
to 3 4, 3 5, 3 6.
.

124

JOUENAL

OF

HOETICULTUEE

AND

COTTAGE

GAEDBNEE.

[ Augnst 17, 1871.

trace the

in the circle itis necessary to form a square,

qnatrefoil
some
astonishing. The date was
day about the middle of
shown at centre a, the side of which is 3 feet G inches,and
of it a winding narrow
lane which
June, 1857, and the scene
insert a peg at each angle of the square, as shown
at point 1. intersected some
market
The snn shone
gardens at Fulham.
From
the peg at point 1, with a string2 feet long,trace arc 2.
at the time, and the attraction which had drawn them
biightly
Trace correspondinglobes or arcs from the other three angles. togetherwas the Privet bloom.
I should say, without exaggeration,
Find
beds 6, 8, 10, and 12 in the same
The
lines
manner.
that hundreds
might easilyhave been secured,and the
of Box ; the dotted compartment
are
stone kerb ; w, walks ; sightwas
a
pleasingone, for their elytrareflected the sun's
materials.^M.
E, beds; c, coloured
O'Donnell, Gardener to rays, while the air resounded
with the sonorous
hum
they
jE, Leeming, Esq., SpringGrove,Bichmond.
made.
Doubtless
they had recentlyemerged from the pupa,
as

SOME

PREDATORY

GARDENS."

INSECTS
No.

OF

OUR

15.

The

genus Graeillaria contains a good many

species,
though
pigmies in their dimensions. The moths, when
restingin
the day on
or
be
trees,
palings
unmlstakeably identified
may
by the posture in which they place themselves.
The head
and the anterior part of the body is elevated,
the first pair and
the middle pair of legs stretched out a littlesideways,
and the
third pair of legsare
placedagainstthe side of the abdomen."
The antennas,also,are generallylaid back,and partially
hidden
"

by the wings. As

had observed
long ago as 1736 Eeaumur
interest the habits of two at least of the speciesof
this genus.
If the reader wishes to introduce himself to one
of these,he has only to walk now
to a spot where
grow some
Lilac bushes.
On the leaves,or reposing close by in some
nook screened from the wind, will be found small moths,
owning
to the name
of G. Syringella,
and showingto the unassisted
eye
a not very distinct tracingof yellowand brown.
About London
find the speciesalso haunts the Privet.
we
Mr. Stainton has given the life historyof G.
Syringellawith
with much

great accuracy, commencing with the eggs, which

he

states

are

having bred close at hand in the fields. Latreille asserted that

this beetle does scarcelyany injury
to vegetation,
because it
seeks the flowers for the honey they contain.
On the contrary,,
the Eose Beetle does actuallynibble the petals,
those
especially
of the Eose, though it is in no respect scrupulous,and if these
be
with
other
ittelf
are
not to
had, contents
species. On"
gentleman reports that in 1870, where he had an opportunity
of observing it,as early as May it had begun to attack the
blossoms
of the Weigela and Sjringa; also, he says "it is
fond of the earlywhite Pink, tearing the petals
particularly
with its curved mandibles
and hooked feet."
The Eose Beetle,or Eose Chafer,has also been
called the
Copper Beetle from the hue of the elytraor wing eases, and,
without very good authority,it has been supposed to be the
Golden
Melolontha
of Aristotle.
A popular writer upon
natural historycomments
the species in the following
upon
ludicrous manner.
He believes that it has its name
because
it is an insect of refined habits, and chiefly
dwells in the bosom
Yet it loves earth,too, and in pursuance
of white Eoses.
of
its mission
falls from its Eose to earth, and there digs a receptacle
for its future progeny.
But though in earth,it is not
of earth,and, burrow as it may, it returns
to its Eose without
stain upon
a
its burnished
wings." Why the Eose Chafer
should be supposed to affect white Eoses in particular
I cannot
"
dwelling in the bosom " of a Eose I feel
say, and as to its
rather incredulous. However, this much is true in the account,
that whether it digsa receptacle " or not, the eggs are usually
laid on or near
the earth.
That the larva is sometimes
found
"

depositedin littleclusters. The young caterpillars

begin their
proceedingsby forming small mines in the leaves,which have
the appearance
of blotches,
within one
of these are found from
four to a dozen feedingin company.
As theygrow they journey
in company, making a new
blotch in another part of the leaf,
in decayingwood, as stated by some
or
authors,or even in ants'"
passing to another leaf, when the colony,perhaps, may
feeds on
divide into two parties. At last theycome
nests,I would not deny, but it also,if not invariably,
side,
out, and feed outthe
of
various
I
the
roots
leaves in a seeminglyclumsy manner
rollingup
plants.
regard this as proved to a
to
afford themselves concealment.
of the imago in spots where
The leaves are rolled laterally,demonstration by the occurrence
and fastened sometimes, though not always,
by cords of silk neither rotten wood nor ants' nests afford a nidus for the larva^
fixed outside as well as within. After a time the
foliagebegins This I hope to confirm by a discoveryof the larva engaged in
its destructive work upon
to turn brown, and, gradually,should the
roots, in which, as yet,I have been
be numerous,
caterpillars
have others been more
fortunate
at least,
I
of
the
leaves fade and fall off. Cone-like strucnor
disappointed,
many
tures,
which are much
have heard of instances where a larva, thought to be that of
neater than those made by G. Syringella,
the Eose Chafer,has been unearthed,but not reared to mamanufactured
are
turity
by other caterpillars
of the genus, as, by the
rather singularG. phasianipennella,
Like that
so that it might be identified with certainty.
the caterpillar
of which cuts
stripsfrom the sides of the leaf,and duly fastens them together, of the Cockchafer,it probably passes two or three years in its
earlier stages of life,
at times to a considerable
tailor-like. The
and burrows
of our
Lilac-feeder are
caterpillars
young
that the speciesis injurious
remarkable
for the very transparent appearance
they have ; depth. We may assume, therefore,
afterwards they become tingedwith greenishbrown, the dorsal to the gardener,both as larva and imago, and reallythe only
vessel showing distinctly.
mode
of keeping it in check seems
to be the destruction
When
of their due size they spin satisfactory
of the beetle. J. E. S. C.
cocoons, which are tolerably
thick,and hide the small chrysalis
from view.
There are two successions of this insect
annually,
the caterpillars
being found feeding in June, and again in
Local
Names
Bkitish
Plants.
It is defived to collect
of
Auguetand September;and owing to the earlyfallof leaves in as many of these as possible,
and the assistance is requestedof
the vicinity
of London, the second brood willbe sometimes
all who take an interest in the subject,
who may have the
or
deprived of food ere they have completed their growth. One
opportunity of ascertainingand recording them.
Any lists
reads with some
interest the statement that in Switzerland sent to Mr. James Britten,the Eoyal Herbarium, Kew, or toG. Syringella
has been noticed to extend for some
Mr. Eobert Holland, Mobberley,
distance up
Knutsford,will be thankfully
the Alps,occurringthere,I presume, upon the Ash.
received and acknowledged.
Another Graeillaria,scientifically
named
stigmatella,
occurs
in gardens and shrubberies,
and the moth is one of the visitants
PRETTY
A NEGLECTED
LINARIA
FLOWER"
to the Sallow bloom
in spring,mingling there with the crowd
VULGARIS.
of bees and flies,
and its moth
brethren of a largergrowth.
rather late in the
In the followingnotes I wish to call attention to a very chaBte.
begins its career
Th6_caterpillar
season,
mining for a short time the leaves of Willow or Poplar,and
and pretty Toadflax of our
neighbouring hedgerows, Linaria
then constructingcones
the top or edge of the leaf. It vulgaris. Are we not so very apt to be led off by the many
on
moves
from
freely
place to place,so that when we are looking and very beautiful exotics of our gardens that we are naturally
at a tree which has been attacked by it,we
inclined to pass by all our native plants some
of them
most
sure
are
to find a
large proportion of empty cones.
This caterpillar
beautiful,and of many and pleasingassociations
is of a
as unworthy ?
greenish-white colour, with two brown
spots on the sides. This prettyLinaria has several features of interest that may
The moth
has derived its name
from a whitish,rather condemand and are worthy of the cultivator's attention. It has
BpicHouBtriangularmark on the upper wings.
light
slender-lookingyet wiry stems, with smooth, narrow,
It is very seldom that we see
But more
I wish to remark its pretty
particularly
any speciesamongst onr larger green leaves.
beetle.soccu.ringon the wing in any quantity,except the comerect head, about 3 inches in length, of beautiful orange and
mon
Cockchafer. Sach speciesfor instance.'as
lemon spurredflowers,
of the forms in
the well-known
remiudirg one of some
Dor, the Stag, the Musk
the flowers of the much-prized Orchid family.
Beetle,the various Carabi,are seen
singly,
or, perhaps,two or three together,
and this is also geneMany gardenershave to send off by rail largequantitiesof
rally
the case
with the Ense
Beetle (Cetoniaaurata).Once, cut flowers to greatdistances several times a-week, and in so
however,I witnessed a flightof these inseots,
in findingenough of those
which was truly doing sometimes there is a difficulty
"

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JOURNAL

August 17, 1871. ]

OF

HORTIOULT0R1S

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

125

Abbot ; bat they only purchasedto sellit againfor

on
will always be sure
at Newton
to prove satisfaotory
of our very prettiest a fairer price.
arrival;for this purpose it happena that some
The
and most popular of garden flowers are
not well adapted,
gardens and plantationsare kept in excellent order by
Geraniums
Mr. Helstone,the intelligent
and obliginggardener,and those
and Fuchsias
Jor instance ; but the flowers of this
such
I
suited
a
Linaria would,
for
venture to think, be well
The whole
plantationsare worth a journey to wander among.
\7ork at this time of year.
Few
flowers would, I believe,be
estate includes sixty acres, and of these the pinetum occupies
The Coniferaa
better adapted for arranging for varietyin many glassesof cut
twenty, and the Cratregusesnearly two acres.
of our Cftlceo- are perfectspecimens,so vigorous,so clothed with branches to
flowers.
It would be a better yellow than most
native
and the fact of its beinj?;
of our own
the very soil's surface,
and so well apart,that on every side they
but a species
larias,
I intend
flora should not detract from its other great merits.
are
symmetrical.
others
and
I
to grow a good quantityof it next year,
Mr. Helstone
furnished
with a list of the
me
hope
may
obligingly
inspectit for themselves,and, if they find it useful,giveit also three chief collections of trees. Those of the Gonifer^e to which
asterisk (*)is prefixedare all well furnished with cones
a place. R. Maceellar.
an
this
year, and he thinks several will perfectseeds for the first time.
[Why should not this beautiful plant be used as a bedder
He has raised thousands of seedlings,
from seeds ripened here,
instead of Calceolaria ? and, being a perennial,it would not
and Pinus insignia.
of Gapressus macrocarpa
requirerenewing every year. Ens.]

flowers which

"

"

CONIPEKS

BIT

OF

SOUTH

DEVON."

No. 4.

"You
ought to have nightingalesin such woods
Berry Pomeroy."
"No, they are afraid to come

as

those of

ON

WATCOMBE

ESTATE

AND

HEIGHTS.

Libocednis Doniana, 3 feet

chilensig, 10 feet
Picea arsrentea,20 feet

Abies alba, 2 ' feet high

Rlaaca
50 feet
""''Doutjiasii,
20 feet
tfixifolla,

bracteata

us
excelsa. 5 i feet
35 feet
*cep]ia]oiuca,
among
Fraaeri
*
Clanbrasiliana, 2 feet
Devonshire
Sirens' we are so called because we excel them
lasinearpa, 10 feet
strict a
in singing." I am
'^nobilis. 25 feet
quitewillingto believe the adage,and shall
elefjans
'^Nordmanniana
Gregorii
"not reveal who uttered it ; but be it true or be it not true,the
35 feet
Pinsapo
^Menziesii,
those
who
the
said Sirens
at
exceptingonly
preside
turnpikes,
*Webbiana
*Morinda
Pmus aiistriaca,30 feet
*mgra. 20 feet
llor theyare elderly,and extort sispeneeaprofusely are such
Laricio
orientalia
ffair,
rosy, round-faced,plump damsels,that they ought to have
*Araucaria
Mugho, 15 feet
imbricata,35 feet
Biota orientalia
aliginosa
soft sweet
voices to match.
Even
the little woman
who
for
muricata
3 feet
aurea,
"twentyyears has been the portress of Berry Pomeroy Castle,
Pinea, or the Stone Pine,20 ft.
compacta
10 feet
purailio,
I
about to wander
when I closed a previousnote,
plauca
whither
was
30 feet
vat a
incur
Benthamiana,
is so kindlythat I thiak she must have been a Siren thirty
meld en sis,10 feet
35 feet
iiiisigTiis.
tatai'ica
Gerardiana,20 feet
and led me winningly
years ago, at all events she is stillpleasant,
Cedrus
artrentea variegata,20 feet
Jeffrey!
to "The
Wishing Tree." She told me that if I walked thrice
ponderosa
Deodara, 40 feet
Sabiniana
viridis, 20 feet
around it "without
a word, smile, or
sigh," whatever I wished
fiaberculata
Libani, 30 feet
would and should occur, and sundry jolly
girlsproceeded to test
ayacahuite
Cephalotaxus drapacea, 10 feet
Cembra
Fortunii
the efficacy
of the charm.
I also clambered
it
round
walking
ii
oxcelsa
Harrington
is an impossibility,
for it is on the edge of a declivity"
hut it
Hartweffii
Cryptomeria japonica,35 feet
Lobbii. 20 feet
Lambertiana
for the less mysticalpurpose of measuring its girth,which
was
5 feet
MonteznmEe
nana,
I ascertained is 22 feet at 4 feet from
the surface,and the
monticola
Cupreasns Corneyana
Strobus
elegans, 20 feet
height of the tree must be 80 ; the branches overshadow a vast
Goveniana
Retinospora ericoides
"circle.It is a noble Bsech tree. Many Beeches may have trunks
Taxus adpressa
Lambertiana
but
TJhd'^ana
baccata
and
this is perfect not a decayed
Jarger, they are hollow,
torulosa
canadensis
spot is to be seen on it. Let me ask, Why does not the Ivy
lusitanica, 10 feet
fastigiata
Lawsoniana
Dovastoni
usually climb up the stem of the Beech ? Is it because the
50 feet
elcftantissima
macrocarpa,
bark is so smooth
that there are
crevices for the Ivy's
no
feet
Tbuja
12
10 feet
fris'antea,
Jimipems chinensis,
Lobbii
bib e mica
^briles to penetrate ? I know of no chemical constituent in the
escelsa
variegata
bark that can
be offensive. The day of credence in plant-antipathies
Tbujopsis borealia, 20 feet
recurva, 12 feet
is passed,or we might conclude that the Ivy hates the
tburifera
dolabi-ata,5 feet
Wellingtoniagig-antea,
sphferica
30 feet
believed the Vine hated the Onion.
la
Beech, as the Romans
Sabina, 2 feet
this freedom
of the Beech observable elsewhere ? I never
member
rehere the Oak, Ash,
noticing the subjectuntil I saw
Quercug Mirbe^Mi
Quercus pendula
Elm, Sycamore, and the Pines,clothed profuselywith Ivy, but
Hes serratifolia
agrifolia
ca^taneifolia
palustris
the Beech never.
An Ivy plant now
and then is seen tryingto
Cerris
peduneiilata
ascend one, but always weakly. Nowhere
does Ivy grow more
asplenifolia
heteropbylla
Lucombeana
than over parts of Berry Pomeroy Castle,and the
purpurea
luxuriantly
migra
variegataargentca
stems
are
gigantic.It completely envelopes the towers and
varie Grata
pterifolia
coccifera
pyramidalis
of the noble gateway,and fittingly
hides from view
"chapel-room
GOccinea
macnlata
the arms
of the founders
the Norman
Pomerais
that
men
densiflora
mnrginata
should be blotted out of memory,
rubra
faginea
for they are renowned
only
Suber
glabra
for deeds of murder
and suicide.
The old ruin,vast and noble,
Fordii
Turneri
dentata
retains so much
imbricata
and entirety
as iffor a memorial, that
stability
latifolia
taraxacifolia
not time but a retributive power had wrought its downfall ; and so
ro tun difolia
Bideroxyla
salicifolia
vireas
traditiontells,
for the Protector Somerset soughtto sustain and
but the lightuiogscathed and overthrew it.
enlargethe edifice,
HAWTHORNS.
Passingover a few miles of Devon lanes,skirted by eider
Cratfegusapiifolia
Cratfegus neapolitana
Aronia
nigra
orchards,a ruin of a very different kind is to be visited. It is
eeceinea
odoratissima
at Watcombe, the ruin of a residence never
erected. This is no
crenulata
orientalis
ovalifolia
Crus-galli
.parados.About twenty and two years since,
Brunei the youoger
mexicana
Douglasii
here a coombe, from the high grounds around which most
saw
flava
coccinea
Guthrie an a
elandnloaa
extensive views inland and seaward are commanded.
He purlaciniata pendula
heterophylla
"chased that coombe
and its surroundings,wisely commenced
intermedia
pendnta alba
latifolia
plena alba
planting forthwith,that the trees might be growing whilst the
lobata
strict a
house
was
erecting. In the valleyhe plottedout the flower
lucida
prunifolia
Macnabiana
purpurea
-garden; on the hills around he planted his arboretum ; he
macrantba
pyrifolia
built a gardener'shouse ; he formed
Italian garden, and
an
Oxyacantha
glabra
tomentosa
melanocarpa
it laid the foundation of a residence.
It is said that
"adjoining
fructu-coccineo
tri lobata
foundation
cost him three thousand
and
then
he
pounds,
Celsiana
provli-giniana
"ceeded no
further.
Why he stayed proceedingsyour penman
BEECHES.
'knoweth not, but he does know that some
one
needing a mansion
Fagns betuloides
Fagns sylvatieapendula
and grounds suitable to his wealth
should become
or
flalicifolia
the
asplenilolia,
purpurea
those plantationsT wended
When Mr. Brunei died the
purchaser,and complete the work.
From
back towards
my
way
estate was
r(
purchased by two brothers named Yickery,
Torquay, and one of my companions, had he known the per"

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J,

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OF

JOUENAL

126

"

"

have

[ August 17, 1871.

GARDENER.

pots,flower vases, window

utilities produced. The

would
nature
nature
at least of my human
ranged
arsaid as we
reached a certain gate about which were
busts and vases
It's no use
going in there,it's only
us
he unounningly said,"Let
a pottery,"but
go in there."
Others
it's only a pottery!"
So I, of course, said, Oh ! no"
sex
of my companions being of the more
pliantand inquisitive
in
and
we
otherwise
the
had
went, and
it,"
thought
Ayes
; so
if
it
were
I
that
I
and
I
was
outvoted,
only
glad was,
glad am,
so
teous,
courfor the satisfaction I had of conversing with a man
He is the very
so
so calm, and
obligingas Mr. Brook.
of the works
fittingmanager
Terra
'Wtttcombe
The
of

versityof hnman

COTTAGE

AND

HOETICULTUEE

or
Mignonette boxes,are among the
plain yet tasteful flower-potsare aa

"

"

"

"

"

Gotta Clay Company."

did I expect to see
Never
of English
such
fictile work
gusted
I had been dismanufacture.
the
with
vulgar red
figures in the arcades of the

Eoyal Horticultural Society's

Garden
at
Kensington, and
thought that all home-made
must

be

similar.

Tiie earth

Pottery
of the pure,
produces a ware
classic
terra-cotta
colour,
soft,
used

at the Watcombe

constructed from it are

the statuettes,
busts, and vases
The
"worthyto stand by the side of the genuine Etruscan.
manufactory is not common
pottery, but within its rooms
and

skilled artists.
facture
I saw
the entire details of the manufrom (he washing of the earth
a red sandstone-tinted
the
the
the
of
the
clay
dough,
turning
vases,
puddling of
the baking; the artists (all
women) with camel-hair brushes,
are

"

"

patterns,and the
forms and ornaments.
It is not a manufactory of the ornamental
adding the Etruscan

superiorto the vulgar-shaped

heavy pots commonly in

use

aS'

in grace the superiorof a Satyr. Of the mor"flower-pots,

boxes, the accompanying,
vases, and
specimens, but there are many others. G.

sculptordesigning Hyperion

wag

ornamental
floweronly,tiles,

WOEK

FOR

are

"

THE

WEEK.

be advisable'
of the autumn.
It will,therefore,
the surface of the soil among
to go over
the trees and stop about half the shoots, beginning"
all growing crops where
with the strongest, for a general stopping at this"
or
practicable. Trench
dig every spare piece of ground. of course
of useless
Earth-up all the Cabbage tribe that are sufficiently
advanced, time would probably induce the productionof a mass
and make succession plantations
of Bnisseh Sprouts,
Buda Kale,
stopping the stronger shoots,or those which"
spray, whereas
and
the
the
weaker
incline to grossness, will divert
Broccoli.
Plant a considerable
breadth of Endire
and
ones,
sap into
Lettuces.
Prick out in nursery beds the Cabbage plants intendedwhich will be strengthened,while the buds on the shoots that
for spring use, that they may become
stocky previous have been stopped will become full and plump without starting:
into growth. The only effectual method, however, oi" curingto their final planting. See that the Celeryas it advances
has
in ordinarythis is the case
a
and earthof cfiaets,
every attention to weeding, the removal
gross habit of growth, when
jure seasons, is root-pruning,or keeping the roots within proper
jng-up,but in no case let the earth be raised so high as to inlimits
well-drained
of
borders.
Should it
choke
the heart of the plant. Collect and dry horse
or
shallow,
by means
droppings for making a bed for Mushrooms.
Keep the droppings be found that the shoots after stopping incline to start intoKITCHEN

GAKDEN.

in the

course

Stir

for
spread thinlyin a dry airyshed, and turn them frequently,
to prethey are well dried it is difficult at this season
vent
the bed heating excessively,
and this should be guarded
there is only a
and then
against,as it exhausts the manure,
chance
of a good crop.
Should a failure of the Potato
poor
there
other
will
be
unusual
demand
for
an
vegetables
crop occur,
in the spring. Let Stone and Dutch
on
spare
Turnips be sown
plots,and let all other vacant ground be planted with ColeAsh-leaved
worts, Brussels Sprouts, Cabbages, Savoys, "o.
unless

Kidney

be advisable,
soon
as
as the fruit is gathered,to
trench at a moderate
of the
distance from the stem
This will be of the greatesttree,cuttingthe strongest shoots.
service in checking growth, and will probably do more
towards
securingripewood than anything else that could be adopted..
Let the Strawberry plantations intended
to stand for next
be trimmed
ing
season
as
as
soon
convenient,cuttingoff and clearaway the runners, "c., so as to afford the leaves plenty of

growth,it will
open

room.

be taken up and
Potatoes intended for seed may now
TLOWER
GARDEN.
In many
on
till they are
neighbourhoods green flyis very troublesome
Should the disease
exposed to the sun
green.
Tobacco
and soapsuds have been
attack the other sorts, let them
water
be taken up at once, dried, the Verbenas, "o.
be
cflicient can
used with success.
sorted,and packed in dry earth or charcoal.
Nothing cheaper or more
used by those whose plants are infested.
The strengthof the
FKUIT
GARDEN.
The
of the shoots
prevalence of damp cloudy weather has caused free mixture should be tested by dipping into it some
growth in fruit trees,and, exceptingsuch as are bearing a good most affected ; use it snfiieiently
strong to kill the insects,but
should
be appliedin
It
of
the
as
not
to
leaves.
so strong
fruit,they have in most cases
injure
crop
alreadymade as much or
than there is much
more
chance of their ripening the evening,when there is a prospect of a dry night,usinga
young wood

Angnst 17,1871. 1

JOUENAL

OF

HOETIOULTUEK

AND

COTTAGE

GABDENEE.

127

Achimenes
syringeor a fine-rosed watering-pot,and givingenough to prevent their being injured by damp, especially
the beds frequentlyand Clerodendrons,which should be gone over
every day in
moisten the whole of the foliage. Go over
without loss of cloudy weather,carefully
pickingoft decayed flowers,"c. Any
and remedy any defect that may be perceptible
of the twiners on the roof which have done flowering may be
time, for the bedding-outplantsare enjoyed but for a comparatively
thinned out so as to prevent shading the house too much, for
that they are in full beauty every
short season, and now
should be used to render them as enjoyableas possible, after this season
permanent shade should be avoided as much
means
cipally
When
as
possible. Apply flres but moderately,and that, too, prinby maintaining the most perfectorder and neatness.
time taking the advantage
in the morning, at the same
this will involve conthe stock is clean and growing vigorously
siderable
fine

the beds
labour,as it will be necessary to go over
frequently,pegging down when necessary, removing decayed
flowers,and cuttingback such of the shoots as may incline to
the edgings of the beds.
encroach upon
Keep herbaceous
plantsneatlytied up, and out off the flower stems of any that
of
Take
are
advantage
becoming unsightly.
every spare hour
and use all possible
to put in cuttings,
dispatchwith this work
until there is in a fair way of rootinga good stock of such
well
to be difficultto winter, except when
plantsas are known
pagate
established.
Keep climbers on walls within due limits. ProMark
good seedlings,
digging
Hollyhocksby cuttings.
varieties. Take
ofi the tops of
up all singleand semi-double
seedlingspikes it not alreadydone ; it throws strength into
the formation
the remaining flowers, and
and
encourages
growth of the seed. Should hot weather continue,take care
that newly-formed beds of Pinks and Pansies do not suffer
from
drought. Prick out seedlingPansies on well-prepared
and Piootees should
bo layered. Gentle
beds. Carnations
waterings will be required,and the pots must be kept free from
weeds ; pullout decayed petalsfrom those calyxeswhere seedpods are forming,otherwise wet will lodge and the seed perish.
Prepare the Tulip bed by frequentturnings; add, if required,
fresh compost ; avoid dung.
GREENHOUSE

AND

CONSEEVATORY.

of

of air.

admitting abundance

"

DOINGS

OF

THE

KITCHEN

At last,and rather
tropicalclimate,which
cold,dripping summer.

W.

Eeanb.

LAST

WEEK.

GARDEN.

suddenly, we have something like a

after a rather
has produced wonders
The vast yield of hay will make
up

of it was drenched
for the way in which much
measure
in some
The few days of brightsun
and washed
before being housed.
have made
a wonderful
change in our corn fields and Turnip
and now, we should
The fields are whiteningbeautifully,
crops.
On the
have
the
Turnips
escaped the bane of mildew.
say,
of corn
recollect such a promisingappearance
whole we never
and

root crops.

the whole is stouter,hutall the rains ours

on
We have justgiven it a good watering
with sewage, and then followed overhead with clean water from
We
the rose, as the leaves are rather sensitive to sewage.
earthed up a piece for earlyuse, as we find we could not go on
used to do, and therefore send it in later.
from July as we
The watered part we will examine
for suckers, on the firstfine
fine soil
day tie up the most forward plants,and scatter some
from the sides to encourage rootingand to keep the moisture in.
of
the
this watering chieflyfor
We mention
putting
purpose
the less experiencedon their guard. When
Celeryis grown, as-

Celery. With
"

hardly so long as usual.

of all flues,furnaces,
Eepairs, painting, the examination
pipes,and hot-water apparatus,should at once take place; the
better chance to tell on
ours
is,in beds, the rains have a much
interior of the glassand woodwork
should also be well washed
much
drier than we
were
expected
ours
and cleaned with hot water and soft soap ; and the walls,"o., the roots ; but even
when we tried the soil with our
fingersand dug down with a
should have a conp'e of good coats of lime whitewash, made
Celeryis grown in singlerows the rains
from strongnewly-burned lime,with a good supply of sulphur knife and stick. When
are
very apt to be thrown o" by the largeleaves,and the rootsand
vivnm added, and every corner
crevice should
be well
receive
their
fair
plaints
not
proportion. We have several comwashed
with the above mixture.
A wholesome
structure for dp
and the wonder
before us of Celeryrunning and bolting,
the reception of the plants will be thus secured.
What
is
is expressed that such should take place in a moist season.there that has a more
than
negligentunwholesome
appearance
We
should say that the boltingis greatlyowing to the dripping
dust and cobwebs, green walls,and dirtywoodwork
and glass?
dence
season, and chieflybecause it is so apt to beget in us a confilooked to, and thorough cleanliLet these matters be at once
ness
should not feel. Forotherwise we
and securitywhich
be secured at this the most convenient
The usual
season.
the
to
disdain
Buch a ditch plant we
should never
ground
try
quantity for a season's supply of the kinds of soil used in
about the roots with our fingers. Many a fine pot plant mightpottingshould be laid-in as soon
as convenient,and before the
health and shortened
existence if it were
have
bad
escaped
ground becomes sodden with the autumn
rains,for even
turfy
ascertained that the soil was
damp throughout instead of for
soil should not be carted and stacked-upwhen
saturated with

flower
fine broad Cauliinch or so at the surface.
We have known
an
The soil should be neatlyput up in narrow
water.
ridges so
plantsflaggingin brightsun after a heavy rain, becauseias to be safe from
wet, and exposed as much
as possibleto the
rain
the
the largeslate-sized foliagecarried the bulk of
away
As success
action of the air.
in plant-growing very much
thus thrown
of roots, and that which was
from the chief mass
depends upon having suitable soil for potting,no trouble nor
We
without reaching them.
into
the
off
had
sunk
ground
expense that may be necessary to procure this should be spared
withstanding
Cauliflowers were
noticed latelythat some
dry at the roots notwhen
of a moderately
well-grown specimens are expected. Loam
havethe rains ; and so with the Celery. We
good qualitymay he secured in most neighbourhoods,
We see no appearbolted head.
ance
but good peat is not to be obtained in many localities. This is for years had scarcelya single
shall blame
some
of any as yet, and if any do come
we
absolutelynecessary, however, for the growth of choice hardtime when the roots were
extra dry independentlyof the rains.
wooded plants,and should be procured at the proper season,
thishas
rendered
the
weather
The
in
change
Watering."
when wanted ; for nothing
BO as to have it in a flt state for use
oases, as it is amazing how quicklya few
necessary in many
is more
the
dishearteningto gardeners,nor worse
on
economy
sun
dry up the ground. The farmer can take
part of employers, than being without suitable soil in a fit days'powerful
and must exercise care ami
his ease, whilst the gardener suffers,
state to use for pottingplants at the proper time.
Plants intended
the crops have been committed
ease
anxiety every day. In the one
to flower under glassduring autumn
and winter must
and have taken hold of it so as to sustain
to the soil,
be looked to. Let the stock of Begonias have
now
another
constant
in
other
lent
succuin
weather
the
themselves
case,
;
any
shift if not alreadyin pots sufficiently
large. Keep the plants
successions
are
wanted, and therefore there is need of
thin, that their foliagemay be kept from injury. Attend to
to keep all goinga
nd
of
of
waterings
good
shading,
sprinkling,
Chrysanthemums ; water freelywith liquid manure.
Good
breaks in the supply. In watering growing
on, so as to have no
specimens should be aimed at rather than a few fine blooms.
The pottingof the Hyacinths,Narcissus,"e., for forcingmust
crops, as Celery,"a., it is best to water thoroughly,and
soil
the
o
f
over
shortlyafterwards to spread a scattering dry
soon
occupy attention ; about equal portions of good fibrous
in. In sowing in such burning
surface to keep the moisture
loam and decayed leaf mould, with silver sand, will be the best
weather
seeds of Lettuces,Cabbages, Onions, "e., if thickly
soil for them
if for forcing,but well-decomposed cow
dung
it is best to dig,tread,and rake the ground ready
must be substituted for the leaf mould
when the bulbs are intendedbroadcast,
then level,
for the
pat them down with
sow, and slightly
for late blooming. After pottingplace them on a
dry the back seeds,
of a clean spade,covering all over with a sprinkling,
bottom
and cover
the pots 2 or 3 inches deep with old tan or
from one-eighth to one- quarterof an inch,of dry riddled
time as much
ashes,preserving them at the same
as
possible say
will keep the moisture
in, and the
from heavy rains.
Under
this treatment
they will fill their soil. The dry covering
through healthy and strong.
seedlingswill come
pots with roots, and will be in readiness for forcingwhen

wanted.

FRUIT
STOVE,

Plants

in the
flowering

will require
attention to
conservatory

DEPAKTMENT.

Besides attending to trees, washing late Cherry and Plum'

trees,pottingStrawberryplants for forcing"all of which.

JOUBNAL

128

matters have been latelyalluded

items of work has been

"

to in

OF

HOETICULTUEE

one
detail,

of

AND
chief

COTTAGE

not be

GABDENEB.

[ Angnst 17, 1871.

able to know

them.
Now, we like to see something of
growth, strong plants meeting each other,
Clearingthe Coveringfrom a Vine Border, that the strong and keeping the earth out of eight,but this free growth is
sun
might heat the soil well. A thin covering of leaves and
of littleadvantage unless accompanied with densityof blooming.
litter had been put on
in the autumn, and a little more
was
to secure
these desiderata than a
Nothing tends more
added in April,when
the whole border a receptacle
made
of little surface manuring.
The Polemoninm
we
casruleum
variebedding plants,to receive less or more
protectionbefore being gatum alluded to last week, is now puttingon a brighterUvery,
"turned out.
In generalseasons
this coveringwould have been
and Geranium
able,
beds,latelyscarcelyso full and brightas desirremoved
at latest earlyin July,but the season
was
so
wet and
the brightsun.
are brilliant under
"!old that we thought it was
better to let it remain, as it so far
We
about
pass over what would be a good deal of repetition,
defended the border from the cold heavy raius,and the weather
potting,propagating,"e., to say a few words on
was
too cold to heat the soil of the border to any great extent.
Like fire and water,
Burning Sulphur and Sulphur Fumes.
With
a very porous,
well-drained border,we questionif all the
but a fearful devastatingmaster.
sulphur is a good servant
lain that fell,if passing freely,
would do harm.
But in other
A keen amateur
latelyaccosted us in great trouble about his
where
the
border was
at all different,
feel certain that
we
cases,
Grapes justtakingtheir second swellingnicely,but he thought
of the stoppages of swellingand colouringrecentlyreferred
there was red spideron them, and he used an iron stove in the
many
to have been chiefly
cool moisture
owing to too much
house,put a small fire in the stove,and paintedthe outside of
stagnatingabout the roots. Be this as it may, it operatedwith
it with sulphur. We
well judge his consternation on seecan
ing
ns
as
for allowing most
a
reason
the
of the covering on
all along the top of the
the leaves of his Vines,especially
Vine
border to remain, and more
especiallyas the rains that house, flaccid and drooping. We could only advise palliatives,
would pass through it would
be rather enriched before getting such as to return at once
and
give air all along the top of the
into the soil. We
also able to serve
are
two purposes in the
house, and as the sun threatened to be powerful,to make some
moving exposing the surface of the ground to the sun, as
throw
in
and
it on the glassroof outside,
water
a
whitening
pail,
stated above,and mulching many
things in the kitchen and
thicklywith a syringe,so as to shade the house ; to moiaten
flower garden that needed
that help to save frequentwatering. the floor inside,and to encourage
fresh growth from laterals
heated.
Mulching is best appliedafter the ground is sufficiently
and would requireto be
where the leaves were
totally
injured,
soon
too
it
heat
little
fresh
Applied
out.
A
As the gentleman said he used only a very little
keeps
surfacing removed.
placed over the border will cause all to look clean and neat, and
there
be
of
might
sulphur,
hope
saving most of the crop and
shall be
of heat we
prevent cracking,and in extreme
cases
tolerably
good wood for next year. This is anythingbut the only
and
the late instance of misconceptionas to burning sulphur this season.
tempted to mulch
slightly,
very likelywater
"Vines. Above
all things,however, extra watering should ever
Oar readers must bear in mind that no growing plant will stand
be avoided,unless the drainageis very good, and no mere
the fumes of burning sulphur no evergreen plant will stand
face
surbut
the
soil
deciduous plantshave loettheir leaves,
inspectionshould be deemed
them at any time. Wben
satisfactory,
should be carefully
examined
for several inches in depth. We
matured
and hard, the fumes of burning
and the wood is perfectly
have known
Vines planted inside houses that seemed
at a
sulphur for a short time will not injurethe wood, but if the
twice
standstill,
or
merely because the soil was watered once
wood is at all green and unrlpened it will kill these partsto a
a-week, and the moisture had never penetratedto the bulk of certainty. Hence the care with which it should be used. We
"the roots,but was confined withm
3 inches of the surface.
shall never
ing
forgetthe self-accusations of a patriarchin gardenOENAMENTAl
and the flynot dying
DEPAETMENT.
when, after smoking his Cinerarias,
We have had a very busy week in fresh regulating,
cleaning, soon enough for him, he put a bit of sulphur in the pot with
mipping-out decayed bloom, and, above all, in watering,esto do for the fly; and
ho did, and
determined
so
peciallythe tobacco,
the outsides of beds,from which all traces of moisture
We often
survived the ordeal.
for the plantstoo. Hardly one
to depart at once.
seem
Before the bright weather
came
we
use
burning sulphur in a pitor frame as a cleanser, destroyer,
"had to soak several times vases
filled with Scarlet Geraniums.
Melons
and purifleronfinishing,
or Kidney Beans,
say, a crop of
Bains
not
must
be depended on in such cases.
The plants before puttinganother
of sulphur placed
crop in. A handful
when
thick and the leaves filling
the space, throw the rains
cinders on a tile is generally
on
a few lighted
sufiieient,
shutting
the vase instead of inio it,and, therefore, even
"over
after a
the place,and shading and covering; but in doing this the
reach
of these fumes can
heavy shower, it will often be found that the soil at the roots greatestcare must be taken that none
is very dry. The fingersor a stick should often be used to see
by any mode the plantsthat are growing in neighbouring pits
in what state the under
soil is. For plants in beds a minithe
smallest
between
smoked
a
mum
there
If
is
opening
or frames.
of water has been needed
this eeason
before the hot
pit and one in which plantsare growing, every leaf touched by
weather came.
To make
safe we watered
most
things except the fumes will be killed or much
injured. Even after such
"those that were
growing quite as strongly as we
wished, smoking it is well to expose the pit or frame for a day before
having previouslystirred and loosened the soilwhere we could preparing for another crop.
that day for
We
use
generally
at
it
as
hard
the
on
it,
was
to the
get
surface from the rains.
Then, syringing
walls,woodwork, "c., with hot water as near
"wherever it could be done, we
this
the
that
followed with a mulching from
a
nd
do
all
we
on
principle
boilingpointas possible,
"the Vine border.
This in many
had to be confined
to means
cases
to
it is better to guard againstinsects than have recourse
the sides,as the centres were
In all such cases prevention
too close and fall to permit of of killing
them when they como.
much
in this way
Calceolarias had been
slow to learn, or
thus
being done.
is better than cure, a fact that people seem
treated some
time before,so that helped to keep the ground many
affair.
would be rather an unremunerative
advertisements
"cool and moist about them, the very thing to enable them
heat
When
there
is
enough to burn
to
So much for sulphur.
thrive in a bright sun.
The material on
is
that
It
the border, from
it
will
or
growing.
kill,
plant
nearlykill,
it,
every
toeingturned several times,was prettywell decomposed, and must be used with great care and judgment in the case of
when
thrown into a heap was broken
small rather easilywith
deciduous
tured
plants in a state of rest. Every soft,green, unma-the pointsof a fork, and this did well for the central
partsof
spot will suffer. For helping to keep red spider under,
iieds. The looser this is so as to be neat, the more
heated
the
hotoff
wall
from
effective it the fumes thrown
by a
by
sun,
will be as mulching for keeping moisture in and heat out, as
warmed
bricks will be useful ; but if ever
or
water plates,
even
the ground is now
warm
enough. For placingnear the out- the body on which the sulphur is placed rises higher than
Bides of beds, the most
important part of all, we pass the from 160" to 170",you get to danger-point. Hot-water pipes,
material throughan inch sieve so as to secure
too hot for the sulphur placed on
neatness.
more
even, may easilybe made
The rains will pass through such surfacingeasily,and carry
them to be safe. E. F.
much
with them, and the open
nourishment
texture of the
RECEIVED.
mulchingsoon drying on the surface,will help to prevent the
CATALOGUE
TRADE
anoistnre evaporating. Before mulching, the beds and rows
B. S. "Williams,
Victoria and Paradise Nurseries,Upper Holloway,
that needed
it most
received a good watering of sewage water
Oeneral Bulb Catalogue. Catalogueof Fruit Trees,
London, N.
mot over-strong.Eeaders are aware
that we
have more
faith Hoses,t"c.
in one
good watering than in many
It
paltry applications.
should also be remembered
that this enriching,
face
even
by surTO
CORRESPONDENTS.
mulching, has a very different effect as respects free N.B.
until next
unanswered
remain
must
Many questions
Woomiug than digging manure
in the soil,which
too often
week.
great luxuriance of growth. Some
encourages
people keep
"In-door
Books
Gardening" will suit
(Joseph MUlward)."KeRne'B
their beddingplantsin such a miniature state,
that we should
office for Is. 7id.
It may
be had from onr
you.
onr

healthyluxuriant

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

130

JOURNAL

OF

AND

HOKTICULTURE

riegatis,common

Ribbon
Grass ; 4,Lysimachia ciliata" at least it would
to be that species. But you
Are you
say ''It f?rows wild here."
are
you
right in this ? If so, be good enough to communicate
your
and
name
address to us, enclosing us a belter specimen, and
telling us
what
quantity of it you find, and where the localityis. (Ckeskam),"

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

t Aagast 17, 1871.

health and

his pocket,for he will never

find a workman
who
will do in a given time halt the work that he can do himself.
I am
sorry to say this,but I have always found it so.
All these pens are generallyfilled up to about the beginning
1, Linaria Cymbilaria; 2, Artemisia
Dracunculus
; 3, Corydalis lutea;
of December, by which time I endeavour
to sell all birds which
4, Euphorbia
Lathyris ; 5. Polypodinm vulgare.
(Constant Reader).
I do not require,and clear,at least,the largestpen, which
There can
be no doubt
this is the Stinking
Morel
(Phallus impudicus).
It is commoa
remains
on
then
the north of London.
to
b
a
short
till
time ago
the end of February. This
Strange
entirelyempty
ly,
"we
similar
heard of a very
case.
Tbc inGpector of nuisances
told us
run
being devoted to the young chickens,it is thus tolerably
of a house infectetl with a frightfulstench in the basement
as
if from
fresh
and
for
I
as
set
never
them,
pure
hens, from want of room,
putrid corpses, that could not be accounted
for. On the boarding being
tillthe end of February or earlyin March.
taken up there was
found
a
The border, also,
plentifulcrop of this stinking fungus. It is
diflScultto say how
it could
be destroyed, unless taken
at a time
I clear as soon
afterwards as possible,
up one
and endeavour
to give
and
burnt.
to name
(E. K. L.). We cannot undertake
florists' flowers.
half of it at least a month's
rest.
When my four breeding pens
We had to pay 4d. for your parcel. (E. T.)." Samphire, Crithmum
marimade
half
of the border,the other three in
timum, red from the sun.
(!iloulsham).~The
common
up, one
goes on
Loosestrife,Lysimachia are
vulgaris. (.4.C.)."The white Lily is L. longiflorum of Thunberg,
the smallest three pens on
the other side. I have, of course,
native
of Japan ; the orange
one
U L. davuricum
of
of Gawler, native
trouble with my
no
first two sittinghens, having the two
Siberia. (Inceptor)."Achillea filipendulina,one
a wellof the Milfoils,
houses and sheds in the chicken run
at their disposal,
and the
inown
garden plant, and native of the East.
(E. G.)." The plant you
send
is Lythrum
Salicaria itself,
You
must
be magnitrue and proper.
fying
ground there being fresh and clean, I go on hatching till I
differences. (W. B. Ford).~Your
fronds
are
the
and
quite
same,
have often nearlyforty chickens in the run.
In order to do
are
extremely young fronds of Polypodium vulgare, the common
pody, with
Polysuch a number, the manure
is,as far as possible,swept
(ff.W. fT.)."
lane.
Honckenya (or Honkeneya) peploldes,the Sea Pursoff
the
two or three times
ground (whichthey tread hard),
up
a-week with a soft brush,and some
disinfectant (lately
I always
carbolate of lime),
use
scattered in the houses.
By the time
AND
PIGEON
CHRONICLE.
POULTRY,
BEE,
the first chickens
are
six or seven
weeks old,however, it is
in the largepen, and fifteen to
necessary to thin the numbers
eighteen are drafted off to the unoccupied end of the border,
POULTRY-KEEPING
UNDER
DIFFICULTIES.
which has been in its turn gettingfresh for them.
At the end
No. 3.
of May, again,when
the season
for sellingor settingeggs terminates,
Eetdening
I sell at least one
in detail to my limited space, and what
now
cook and a hen or two, thus bringmore
ing
may be done with it,I will first repeat that it measures
exactly
my four families into three,and emptying another pen, and
67 feet long by 35 feet wide ; and that as I,for reasons
at leisure,
I generallydisposeof a few more
already as soon as possible,
birds so as finally
to reduce my old stock to two pens.
given,find it best to make exhibition a secondary object,and
By the
rather to devote my small piece of gronnd to producing the
time this is done the last-hatched chickens are gettingon, and
the
thus
is
made
for
greatestpossibleresult,
problem to be solved every year is room
separating the cockerels. I,finally,
the breeding from four different pens of adult fowls,the hatchafter eating two
three of the worst cockerels,generally
or
ing
of between fortyand fifty
divide the chickens
into two pens of cockerels and
of
two
chickens,and the rearingabout
varieties more
than
thirtyof them to maturity. With some
retainingthe best of the pulletsin the largestrun, as
pullets,
this might be done; but my breed is DarkBrahmas, and it will I find by experience that they need more
the
space than
readilybe believed that very careful management is needed to cockerels to keep in health.
health
in a space so crowded.
Once or twice each year every pen in my yard is thoroughly
preserve
First,with regard to the permanent arrangements. These
dug up about 6 inches deep. I used to do it myself with a
not quite so good as might be,owing partlyto the plan of
are
a
recommend
to
heavy Dutch hoe
plan I can conscientiously
the garden, and partlyto the houses, "c., having been built
of exercise
but I soon
stout gentlemen in want
got tired of
havo it dug over
with a spade. The houses
and
piecemeal instead of on one regular plan. A gravelwalk 4 feet it,and now
wide runs
shed are whitewashed
time with a mixture of lime
at the same
up the garden,leavinga border 7 feet wide on one
side. This being a few yards longer than the rest,is nearly and sulphateof iron,and all the nests, which are separate,
are
60 feet,and ha? a rude, quite open shed at each end, and
with the same.
also washed
wire division in the middle, making thus two runs
a
It
thus
each
chickens
is
the
few
devoted
to
about
giving
a
by
pen
40 feet by 7 feet.
The
other aide of the path, of course,
months'
the whole, taking
rest every year, and by diggingover
24 feet in width by 67 feet in length. Tae whole
of the manure
measures
as
possible,that I am able
up always as much
in the space I have.
a shed 6 feet wide, part being only
to do so much
length,againstthe wall runs
My two finest pulletsthis
leneod with wire for dry rubbish, and part entirelyenclosed
old ; and though
year weighed nearly5 lbs. each at four months
for roosting-houfe?,
and the whole is divided into four runs
that is not equal to what I could obtain had I a grass run, I
or
in
width
certain
breeders
beat
it.
The
few
can
number
of pens is
17 feet,13 feet,26 feet,and 11 feet am
yards,measuring
to proper classification ; for before I had so many
respectively.Had I made the whole at once, I would have
necessary
made
the 17-feet pen narrower
divisions I could not do so much
but
who
do
not wish
in order to have made
the
people
;
11-feet pen wider.
The first two pens have houses 5 feet wide, to sell eggs would requirefewer breedingbirds,and would have
the rest of the shed being open.
Such might be able,by sowing,
the more
for chickens.
The large 26-feet pen has
room
two houses 4 feet wide, and two sheds 9 feet,and the last pen
to get a littlegrass each year in their chicken runs, but 1 have
house
4
do
and
shed
been
able
to
All the sheds on this side
a
7 feet wide.
feet,
never
myself
any good in this way, though I
of the path have wire doors, and are wired up the front,so
have often tried,the short time I can
give not being enough
that the fowls can
be confined at pleasure; but the sheds on
for it to grow.
the border are quite rough and entirely open.
The
floors of all my houses are of concrete,or rather hard
The divisions
between
the pens are
boarded nearly 3 feet high, so that the
in this Journal, I prefer
as it is condemned
mortar, and much
appear
sure

"

"

"

"

birds cannot see each other,and wired above.

I put the whole
with my
own
up, as far as I remember,
hands, excepta littlehelp from a brother,and do not think the
total expense was more
than about "15.
I had a prettygood
wall to build against,and under
such circumstances
putting
up houses is a very simple affair. The firstthing is,by means
of strong holdfasts,
to fix piecesof scantling8 inches by 4 all
at the height you have fixed for
along the wall horizontally,
the roof,to nail the rafters on, and to fix uprightsof the same
at every partition
you want, lettingthem about 2 feet into the
ground. Opposite these you dig holes for and plant your front
uprights,takingcare that they are an equalheightall along,and
when
these another horizontal piecefor
you have spiked upon
the lower edge of the roof,and nailed two or three rafters to
the
whole in position,
keep
you have the rough frame complete,
and
can
and "timber-up" at
spike down the other rafters,
leisure. It is quite unnecessary
to spend largesums
on
even
extensive range of houses
on
and
if
would
custom
ac;
every man
himself to use tools,it would be better both for his

it for

never

had

if sprinkledfreelywith earth or ashes.

I have
floor,
than a few singledeaths,which every breeder is
more
and
believe
is
as
subjectto,
my yard
healthynow as sis years
I find is in getting that bright and
The
one
difficulty
ago.
clear white in the plumage which
is so much
admired, and
for which nothing seems
to equal the shade of livingtrees. I
have heard that there are
known
means
to some
of bleaching
birds tanned with the sun
and acid atmosphere of a city; and
I have tried chloride of lime with a little improvement, but J
It any breeder can
cannot
enlightenus on
say with success.
this point he will remove
one
of the " difficulties" under which
I labour,in common
with many
others who have to follow their
"
L. Wbight.
fancy amid the smoke and glareof a town.
"

"

HAMBURGH

GOLDEN-PENCILLED

HEN

INCUBATING.
Mr.

Hewitt

tells us

which he has known

in the

"

PoultryBook

of hens of this breed

"

of two instances

steadily.
incubating

August 17,1871.]

JOUBNAL

OF

HOETICOLTUEE

ont-ofthe hen had stolen her nest in some

the eggs, of course, were
left undisturbed
until the number
was
completed and the hen had begun to sit.
As the followingdiffers from those cases, I think some
may
to hear it. A Golden-pencilledhen, three years old last
care
May, began to lay in 1871 on January 19th ; she laid from that

but in eaoh

case

the-wayplacewhere

131

GARDENER.

COTTAGE

AND

1. Cup, and 2, C. W. Brierlcv. 3. Mrs. jUlsopp. he, \V."Woolley,"

2, H.
Eiiual1, Mrs. AUaopp.
C/iidKHS."l, J. Walker.
; H. Belrton.
Itc,W. K. Bull ; Clows ^ Adkias.
3, N. Cook.
3,Henry LingCocmxa"
Buff or Cinnamon."
1, Cup, and 2, W. A. Taylor.
Ckickem."l
and 2, W. A.
Mrs.
wood,
he, H. Lacv;
AUaopp ; W. Sanday.
he, J. Sichel.
Taylor. 3, W. P. Rvlands.
Ohiekem."
Gocui^a."
Partridge." I, W. A. Taylor. 2 and 3. E. Tudman.
ha, Horace
1 and
Lingwood; E. Leech,
2. C. Stdgwick. 3, W. A. Taylor,
Lingwood.
e, E. Tudman.
tiubseribers'Cup."Cnp, E. Leecb,
lie,Horace
3,A. D. Cochrane.
TF/u7e." Cup, J. Sichel.
Cochins-"
2, Mrs. A. Williamson.
SpMisn."
J. WalUer
Brown.

date tillJuly16th,never
than four days at a time,
missing more
he,E. Fearon.
son
BaWc"
/w, Rev. .L Richard1 and 3, H. Lacy.
BRAHM.VS."
2, T. F. Ansdell.
laying generallyon two days and then missing one ; but on
Cluckens."l and Cup, W. A.
; H. Beldon
; G. A. Stephens.
; T. Kaines
the 16th of last month she remained on her nest all night,and
Horace
LingTaylor.
2, J. Aahworth.
3, T. F. Anudoll. ftc,T. F. AnsdoU;
being in it on the next morning, I placed seven eggs under her wood, c, J. Thomson.
"1
and Cup, H. M.Mavnard.
3, RevBrahmas."
2, Mrs. A.Williamson
Lif7/f(
the chance of her sitting
She not only
out her whole time.
on
2 and 3, J. Pares,
/w, H.M. Maynard.
N. V. Kidley. CViicfcens."
1,T. A. Dean.
was
most
3,C. W. Brierley.
Variety." Coek." I,R. Ashley. 2,C. Chaloner.
Gi^E.-Any
steadydaring her three weeks of incubation,but at
he,G. F. Ward.
the end of the time (August6tb)hatched out her chickens,and
Gaue."
3, T. P. Lyon.
Blaek-hreasted Bedn."l, G. Chaloner.
2, E. Bell.
is now
mother.
I
the
S.
Matthew.
add,
3,
Chiekens."l and he, C. Chaloner.
2, B. Jarvis.
proving a most exemplary
may
and
Cup, C. W.
cubate, Game." Browrt and other Beds, except Blaelc-hreasted.-l
hen laid all her eggs from January 19th till she began to inC/iiCfccns." 1, C. W. Laxton.
2, J.
Brierley. 2. H. M. Julian.
3, R. Ashley.

the evenon
ing
in the same
Carlisle.
he, B. Jarvis ; J. Carlisle (2).
nest, the egg being removed
3, J. Fletcher,
s, S. Matthew.
ai.UTS."Any other Variety." 1,C. W. Brierley. 2, C. Chaloner.
well
of the day on which it was laid. She is also perfectly
Sc CharC. Chaloner.
Julian.
2, Barker
Chickens."'].,
he, F. Sales,
c, B. M.
other
bred, herself a prize-winner,and the mother of many
nock.
3, W. H. L. Clare.
1 and Cup, J. RoUinson.
2, H. Pickles, 3Un.
Go;rf(.'"-Si"an"/Ied."
the smallest desire to sit before, HAMnuRGHS."
"winners.
shown
She has never
B..Be\ion.
Statter.
J.
I,
J.
Silver-spangled."
H. Beldnn.
Rollinaon;
c,
;";,
and now
seems
2, Kev. J.
J, J. KolUnson.
quitein her glorywith her young family. 2 and iLC,H. Pickles, jun. Golden-pencilled."
Richardson,
he. H. Pickles, jun. ; H. Beldon; T. Wrigloy.Jun. Stlver-2"enS. S. Woodgate, Pembury,Tonhridge Wells.
"Reginald
Black." 1, C. Sidgwick.
2 and
Pickles, jun.
c, H.
ciUed."l, H. Beldon.
1, H. Pickles, jun. 2, G. Brown.
2, W. A. Taylor. Chickens (any variety)."
he,H. Beldon.
H. Pickles,jun.
2, H. Beldon.
PoLiNDS.
c, Mrs. J. M.
-Silver-spangled.-l,
Any
2, W. Harvey.
Procter.
Oolden-spangled.-l,Cup, and he, H. Beldon.
SHOW.
WAERINGTON
POULTRY
otlier Variety."I. T. Dean.
2, J. Battje. he. T. Wakefield.
G. W.
Weeks,
J.
and
R.
B.
Wood.
Hoiidaiw."l
lie,
French
Fowls."
2,
3,
As this Show was institutedonlya year ago, itis perfectly
ing
astonish(CrSve-Coeurs).2,H.
Hibhert.
Any other Variety." 1 and Cup. R. B. Wood
that so completeand varied a collection of both poultryand
Beldon.
S.E.Williams, he, Key. N. V. Ridley ; J. Sichel ; C. H. Smith.
the Sth and
on
Pigeons could be broughttogetheras there was
Variety."
1 and Cup, F. Wilton
(Black Cochins). 2. S. R. Hams
Any
other
V.
he, W. G. MulUgan.
Roy.
N.
Ridley (White Leghorns),
served(Minorcas). 3,
"9th inst. The public support was
freelygiven, and it was well deson
; "John(Sultans)
(Malaya); G. Anderton
(Scotch Greys); Kev. A. G. Brooke

by

who did everything

necessary to
(Anconaa). C.Mrs. F. Tearle (Japanese Silkies).
in the most
favourable
Game
Bantams."
position.Colonel Wilson
Cocft."l,T. Sharpies. 2, Ellis " Buckley. 3,W.Adams,
he, J. R. Robinson.
and between six
IPatten,
M.P., kindlyallowed the use of his grounds,
2 and 3, T. Sharpies.
Biocft-ftreasted Beds."l, G. Hall.
Game
Bantams."
and
result
thousand
the
first
seven
admitted
a
on
were
day,
persons
CTiicfcens.- 1,J. Eaton.
3, T. Sharpies, he,Rev. C. J. P.
2, T. C. " E. Newbitt.
that was
rington Keene; J. W. Morris.
aided by the day being observed iu Warprobably much
bitt.
Bantams."
Game
.4ni/other Variety."!, J. Eaton. 2 and S, T. C. " E. Newto 438 pens, last
as a
generalholiday. The entries amounted
3 and he.
2, J. Baton.
he,Bellingham " Gill. Chickens." 1, T. Dyson.
year'sentry being383, showing not only an increase in numbers, but
Rev. C. J. P. Keene.
,.3
and
2, H. Beldon.
wonderful
Cup, M. Leno.
-a
Bi.iiTA^s." Any variety except Game."l
improvementiu the whole of the specimensexhibited.
he,M. Leno : H. Draycott; T. Waddington ; J. Sichel.
3, S. " R. Ashton.
and the pens were
tents were
Large and most commodious
provided,
he, H. S.
2. E. Leech,
BncKS."Aylesburi/."l and Cap, W. G. Mulligan.
the
well-known
of
firm
Sheffield.
of
Messrs.
suppliedby
Turner,
ho, T.
Stott; J. K. Powler(2). i!oue"."l, R. Gladstone, jun. 2, J. Scotson.
and 2, S. Bum.
Black
East Indian.~\
There was a grand display
Wakefield
of DorJdnfjs,
but the adult birds were
un(2): E. Leech ; H. S. Stott.
C. W. Brierley. 2, H. B.
B. Smith.
otlier Variety." I and
Cup,
H.
Any
he,
lortunately
deeplymoulting,which caused the silver cup to fall to Smith, he, W. Binns ; C. W. Brierley.
the chickens. In the SpanisJiclasses there was
an
unusuallygood
Geese."
he,H. S. Stott. c,R. Gladstone, ]nn.
2, E. Leech,
1,J. K. Fowler.
3. N. Cook.
2. W. E. Park.
Glass."
Selling
Single CoeJ;." 1, B. Jarvis.
entry,the birds beingexcellent throughout ; the adults secured the cup.
c, H. M. Julian.
Storer.
he, F. Bennett ; C. W. Brierley ; J. Mansell.
'Of Cochins,every variety
Mr. A. Taylor, of Manchester, 4, W. T.
well shown.
was
G. Granville.
Mrs.
3, W. Whittaker.
Birch
"
Boulter.
2.
Pair
Hens."l.
of
W.
; B. F.
extensive
winner
in
this
division.
The
silver
Beldon
C.
Brierley
was
a
; F. Steel; H.
;
very
cup
he, W. Whittaker
4, T. Bellman,
G. Mulligan.
Cock and Hen."
c, W.
for Cochins was taken by this gentleman in a very severe
; W. T. Storer ; H. Willdnson.
competition,Gardom Mansell.
he,
A.
BamEord.
" Boulton.
4, W. Speakman.
Birch
1. J.
3,
2,
with first-prize
.principally
Brahmas, thoughmostlymoulting, "W. G. MuUigan.
pens.
c, F. Cooper.
far as the Dark-feathered were
so
concerned
and
PIGEONS.
were
a very fair lot,
and
Hen."
3,
2 and S, R. Fulton.
1, Cup,
Pouters."
Cocfc."l, F. Gresham.
of the Light-feathered
some
sent in unexceptionable
condition.
were
R. Fulton.
2, F. Gresham.
In G tme most of our noted breeders competed; the birds were, as a
Ben."
I,Cup, and
Cocfc." 1, G. J. Taylor. 2 and 8, R. Fulton.
Carriers.and
Year."
Medal
under
One
Hen
2,
and
the
awarded
whole, wonderfully
to
a
J.
or
Cock
good,
eventually
Taylor.
2, G.
3,R. Fulton.
cup was
R. Fulton.
3, W. Walton.
of Midx.
j
,
very fine pen of Brown Keds, the property of Mr. Brierley,
Short-/oce(i."
1, F.
J/mond.
ToMBLEBS.
1, Cup, 2, and 3. E. Fulton.
dleton.
first-class throughout,
were
Haniburr/Jis
Golden-spangledMoore. 2 and 3. E. Fulton. Long-faced."\, W. Harvey. 2, J. M. Braid (Baldbeing successful for the Hamburgh silver cup. The silver cup for heads). 3. F. Moore.
r,
t
Owl classes, G. J.
Barbs."
1 and Cup, for the best pairin Barb, Turbit, and
iPolands was also taken by the Golden-spangled
variety.The class for Taylor.
2 and 3, R. t-ulton.
French Fowls, and the Varietyclass,were
well filled.
exceedingly
3, Mrs. T. Eobsou.
TORBITS."
1, G. Roper. 2,W. Kitchen.
Game
Bantams are often better shown, but some
OwL9."
2, J. Fielding, jun. 3, W. Hardy.
Silver1, R. Fulton.
very superior
peter,
Jacobins."
1 and Cup, for the best pair in the Jacobin, Fantail, Nun, Trumiaced Bantams
were
proved
competing. The classes for Waterfowl
and Magpie classes, and 2 and 3, R. Fulton.
a
very strong feature in the Warrington "how, and excited much
Fantails."
2, J. F. Loveraidge. 3,W. Harvey.
1, R. Fulton.
nterest among
the sight-seers.
NuNS.-l, T. Waddington.
3. W.
Harvey.
Trompeters."
1. J. Cnndale.
2, Mrs. T. Robson.
In Pigeonswe were
to find that the liberal offer
agreeably
surprised
S, W. H. Wright.
Magpies."
2, T. Waddington.
1,J. B. Bewden.
of numerous
exhibitors of note
Any other
2, F. Graham.
Si/iier or Blue.-T. and 3. J. Holland.
Dragoons."
cups by the Committee induced many
2, W. H.
Colour."
to send their best birds to compete, although it must
have givenmany
I,Cup, tor the best pair ot Dragoons, and 3, J. Holland.
Mitchell.
,"
i.
of them trouble to find foster-parents
for their produce at this the
AU
the
CoUmson.
J.
W.
J.
Bradley.
3,
Antwesps."
2, J.
Cup, J. Wright.
iOlose of the breeding
season.
class highly commended.
t--*
i,
".
T. Waddington.
2, W. Kitchen.
Variety."
Cup,
Any
Distinct
New
or
In Pouters Mr. Fulton won
the cup with a magnificent
White
hen,
3' W
R. Parke
that for Carriers he also won
with a Dun
hen.
In the Carriers under
4,F. Kay.
2, J. Forde.
Selling
Class.Cup and S, I. Bush.
one
for the best bird under one
year the prizegiven by the Secretary
Messrs. Hewitt, of Birmingham, and Teebay, of Preston,were the
would
another
for
the
he
we
to
{which
year
given
suggest
Mr. Hedley
year ought
Judgesof Poultry. Mr. Eidpethjudgedthe Pigeons.^
best bird bred in the
also taken by Mr. Fulton
year of the show),was
not called into requisition.
but his serviceswere
was
referee,
with a bird of this
not struck with it. In Shortseason, but we were
faced Tumblers he took the
cup with a beautiful pairof Almonds
; but
the cup for the best pair of Barbs, Turbits,or Owls went to the firstSHOW.
POULTRY
IDLE
named
In
for the best in Jacobins,
variety. the next classes,
Fantails,

place the

the
Show

managing Committee,

"

".

"

tt

"

",

..

,t

r.

"

"

"

""

^"

"

,,.

",",..,

Trumpeters,Magpies,or Nuns,

Mr. Fulton won

with Jacobins,making
altogether.In that for Dragoons Mr. Holland won
with a
also
first
in
honours
Keds,
Blues and Silvers,
and divided the
remaininghonours with Messrs. Graham and Mitchell. In a strong

five cups

pairof

"1

-1
Dorkings.
and 2,J. Mnrtin.
3,Mrs.Arkwri^ht. ftc,T. Briden.
and Cup, Mrs.
F. S. Arkwright.
2, J. Martin.
3, W. H. King,
F. Parlett;E. Leech.

was

held

on

wlien
the Sth inst.,

the

awards
following

.,

were

"

"

and
other Beds."l
3, W. Johnson, Idle. 2 H.
or
GAME.-BiaefciireMiert
2 and
Any other
3, W. Johnson.
Jowett, Shipley. Cliiekens."l,H. Jowett.
3,J. Mason, Worcester.
2,H. Jowett.
Variety
1,J. W. Thornton, Bradford,
2, BrentnaU " Kite. 3, H. Jowett.
Chickens.-l, T. Noel. Baildon.
ChicJrens." 1 and2, J. Thresh.
2, J. Thresh.
SPANISH.-Bincfc.- 1, H.Bcldon.
Chrel-f lis." 1, C.
Whitby.
2, T. H. Roadman,
Cochin-China."
1, H. Beldon.
3, O. Stansfield.
Sidgwiek. 2, Baxter " Dawson.
S,
H. Beldon.
2, N. PicUes, ]un., Earby.
UAMSisROn.-liilver-spangled.-l,
3, N. Pickles,
J. Wright. 2, T. Fawoett.
Chtc1cens."1,
T Fawcett, Baildon.
1 and
2, N. Pickles, jnn. Chiefcens.- 1. N.
8, H. Beldon.
iun.
Gold-spangled."
Chickens."
H. Beldon.
N.
Pickles,
jun.
2,
Silverpencilled."l,
Pickles, jun.
2, N. Pickles, jun. S, J.
Goldpencilled."l,H. Beldon.
1 H " J. Gamctt.
c'rabtree,
1,T. Garnett. 2, N. Pickles, jun. Black." 1,S.
Shipley. Chicfcciis."
C. Sidgwick. 2,
2. C. Sidgwick. 3, H. W. lUingworth. Chirt-ens.-l,
Beldon.
Chielcens.
W. Fawcett.
3, H. W. Illingworth,
he,K. H.
Pootra."
I
Brahma.
1,H. Beldon.

class of Autwerpsthe cup went to Birmingham,also second honours.

In the class for Any new
variety
plumaged birds shown in beautiful
In the Selling
condition took the cup.
class there were
good
many
and cheap pens.
Commendations
not bestowed by the Judge,not
were
from want
from want of merit,but we presume
of time, as a better
collection of all varietiesit has not been often our
lot to see.
Many
the birds not noticed here we have seen
were
decorated at other shows
with highhonours.

Richardson;

This
made

"

"

132

JOURNAL

HORTICULTUBE

OF

AND

Poland."
1 and 2, H. Eeldon.
3, N. Pickles,
jun.
French."
1, H. Beldon.
Ba^tjois."
Game."
F. Entwisle
Cu-p,1, and 2, W.
(Black Red and Poles). 3,
Ibbetson,Idle. Chickens." 1, W. F. Entwisle.
ton,
2, E. Riley. S, J. W. ThornBradford.
Any other Variety." 1, S. " R. ABhton.
2, H. Beldon.
3, N.

E.

Pickles, jun.
Ducks." So"en."l/H.
Jowett.
2, T. Gamett, Idle. 3, M. Scott. Any other
Fftne^i/."
J, N. Pickles, jun. 2. M. Scott. 3,H.
1,S. "P^Ashton.
Ducfcii/igs."
Jowett.
Any
Vabiety."
othee
C/iicfccTW."1, M. SutclifFe. 2, W. Johnson.
8, J. W.
Thornton,
Pigeons."

C(2rrfcrs."1

and

Harewood.
2, E. Homer.
Stanhone, Eccleshill.
2 and

COTTAGE

GAEDENEK.

[ August 17, 1871.

Ducks."
1, J. Hotroyd, BarMsland.
2, J. Fielding,Greetland.
uckUngs."
1, K. Sykes, -^tainland.
2, J. W. Parr, Greetland.
Geese."
1. C. E. Parr.
2, G. Bettison, Scholes. Greetland.
Gos ings."l,G.
Eettison
Scholes, Greetland.
2, J. IMaude, West Vale.
1 and
Turkeys."
2, J. Sykes, Skircoat. Poults.-l,A. Smith, Old Lindley
Edge. 2, J. Jackson, Old Lindley Edge.

OKMSKIRK
This

AND
held

SOUTHPORT
the

POULTRY

SHOW.

10th

and 11th inst.,and was

the whole
on
Dorkrather weak, bat the ing
as a class,were
good. The adult DorJciiigSy
was

on

3, H. Yardley, Birkenhead.
Bir3, F. Graham,
chickens
good, and the competition keen.
Cochins,
Bradford.
3, H.
2, E. Horner.
Tumblers
were
YartUey. Trumpeters." I and 2, E. Homer.
-feathered,
equal to, if not better,
(Short-faced)."! and 3, both Buff and
E. Horner.
2, H. Yardley. fLon^-faced)." 1, E. Homer.
2. W. Lund, Shipley.
than anything we
Pootras
have seen
in Ormskirk.
Brahma
were
3, H. Yardley.
Ou;Zs."l, H. Yardley. 2,J. Thresh.
Turbits."
3, E. Homer.
not so numerous
occasions.
Game were
as
on
1 and 3, E. Homer.
only
2, W. Lund, tshiplev.Antwerps."i, H. Stanhope.
2, B.
Lancaster, Eaildon.
with the
of a few pens of
chickens. The
S, C. Smith, Idle. Fa7itails."1, H. Yardley. 2,E. Homer.
Any other Variety." -1,E. Horner.
2, W. Lund.
3, W. Ellis.
and Pencilled
few hot excellent.
were

mingham.

Dragoons."

1, H.

and 1, J.
JPouters.-Cn-p

W.

remarkably
Partridge

Cannan.

represented,
Golden-spangled
Aylesbury DucJcs were

LITTLEBOEOUGH

AGRICULTUKAL
POULTRY

The
on

made

at this

SOCIETY'S

"

"

"

1 and

HaniJjurgJis

.ind 2, J. Robinson.
Do'iKTSGS.-WJiitc.-l
S, M. Fairhurst,Ormskirk*
Chickens."
2 and
\, E. Williams, Henllys Berriew.
Coloured.
3, J. Robinson.
3, J. RobinBon.
1, T. Brid n, Eaiby, Skipton. 2, W. H. King. Rochdale.
Chiekens."
lie,T. Hornby. Lathom.
l, R. W. Richardson, Beverley. 2, E.
Leeeh. Rochdale.
3, W. H. King.
C-tCHiN-CniNA."
Bu#." 1. H. Beldon, Bintrlev- 2, W. A.. Tavlor, Manchester.
Chickens." 1, T. Stretch. 2, W. A. Taylor. 8, C. Sidg3, T. Stretch, Ormskirk.
wick. Keit-'hiey.
pARTKLDGE
OE
Geouse."
1 and 2, T. Stretch.
Southport.
3, W. H. Fowler,
Chiekens."l, C. Sidgwick. 2. E. Leech.
jun.. Ormakirk.
3, P. Woods,
Brahma
Pootra."
1, H. Beldon, Eingley. 2,J. Sichel, Timperley. Chickens,
"1, W. A. Tavlor.
Spanish
"1, H. Beldon.
2. H. Wilkinsou.
Earby, Skipton.
3, J. Sichel,
Timperley.
2. H. Wilkinson.
Chickcns."l,H. Beldon.
G.UIE."
1. M. A. Forde. Maghull.
Chicken.^. 1 and 2, J. Carlisle, Earby.
3, jM. a. Forde.
Any variety." Cock." J, G. F. Ward, Wrenbnry. 2, T. P. Lyon,

Show, which took place

the 12th inst.:

Game."

poorly

good

few, but remarkablygood. Rouen Ducks

formed a very strong and snperior
class. Only two pens of Turl-eys
exhibited. Pigeons were
were
casions.
perhaps better than on previousocThe following
is a listof the prizes
:

SHOW.

the awards
are
following

fully

previous
exception

2, C. W.

Erierlev, IVIiddleton. CocJc."l and 2, C. W. Brierley.

bhibden.
S,J. Olrlfield,
Htvi."l. C. W. Brierley. 2 and 3, T. Dyson, Halifax.
he, C. W. Enerley ; W. Ormerod, Pexhonse, Todmorden.
Beahsia
Pootras." 1. J. Ashivorth,Rochdale.
2, H. Lacey, Hebden
Bridge.
c, J. Ashworth
; H. Lacey.
c, J. Watts, King's Heath, Bimiingham.
Cocnis-CsmA."
Ci7inamon and Buff."1. H. Lacey. 2, E. Leech, Pi,ochdale.
he. A. Bamford, Middleti n.
Any other Varieti/."l,E. Leech.
2, A. Bamford.
Bantams."
Game."
1, J. W. Worris.
"ock."l, S. Smith,
2. G. Ha^vorth.
Northo\^"ram. 2, G. Haworth,
Holden
Wood.
Any other Variety" 1, G. W.
Robinson, Halifax.
2, J. Watts,
he, S. ", R. Ashton. Mottram
; J. Watts.
Dorkings.1, W. H. King, Rochdale.
2, J. Stott, Healey, Rochdale,
he,
S. H. Stott ; W. H. Kint?.
Spanish." Cup. 1,and 2, C. W. Brierley. he, J. Stott, jun., Bank, Wardle.
Hambueghs."
GoWe7^JJf"c^^/fc^."
1, S. Smith.
2, T. Wrigley, jun., Middleton.
he, H. Pickles, jun., Earby. Skipton : T. Wrigley, jun. tiilvcr^jencilled."
1 and
2, H. Pickles, jun
Golden-simnqUd."\, J. Rollinson, Lindley. 2, J.
Statter, New
Silver spanole'd.^l,
Brighton.
E. Vickup, Lumb,
Newchurch.
2, H. Pickles,
jun. Blaek."\, C. W. Brierley. 2, J. Buxton, Rochdale.
PoLAKDs." 1 and 2, H. Pickles, jun. he, P. Unsworth, Newton-le-WillowB.
Any
other
VAEiETy."
1, G. Anderton.
Accrinston.
Selling
Class."
1,J. T. Travis, Rochdale.
chester,
2,A. Bamford, Middleton,Manhe,S. Buckley. Ending.
Local
Class."
J;i?/ Variety."Cuv and 3, J. T. Travis.
2, C. Whitehead,
Ealees,Littleborough. 3, B. Hutchinson, Shaw Moss, Li.tleborongh. he, S.
Renshaw,
Gale. Littleborough; W. Butterworth, Light Alders, Littleborough;
B. Hutchinson
(2).
Geese."
1, S. H. Stott. 2. E. Leech.
7ic,E. Lord, Littleborough.
Dvc^s." Aylesbury." \,E. Leech.
and
field,
2, S. H. Stott. Bouen."l
2, T. WakeNewton-le-WiUows.
he,S. H. Stott, E. Leech ; P. Unsworth
; R. Hurst,
Rochdale.
Any other Variety."1 and 2, C. W. Brierley.
TuEKErs." 1, Leech.
2, R. Hui-st.

"

Liverpool.

B.i^Bxmans,"Golden'Spanqled."l and 3. H. Pickles, jun., Earby, Skipton.

Golde7iHeklon
2. H. Beldon.
S(h'cr-5j)an//;ea."land 3,H. Pickles. ]un.
Silver-pencilled. I and 2, H.
2, H. Pickles, jun.
Pickles.
3, H. Beldon.
BANTAM3
2, J. Sumner, Holland
(Anv variety)."
1, J. W. Morris, Rochdale.
Moor.
3. H. Beldon.
Gahe
Bantam
3, C. J. P. Keene,
(Any variety).- Cocfc." 1 and 2, J. Sumner.
Hal sail.
Any
Variety."
1 and 2, H. Beldon.
other
3, J. Sichel,Timperley. he, C.
Morris, Grassendale,
dale.
and 3, J. K. Fowler, Aylesbury.
HzcKS.-Aylcsbury.-l
2, E. Leech, RochRouen."
1,2, and he, R. Gladstone, jun.. Court Hey. S, J. K. Fowler.
Geese."
3, R.
2, J. Bryera, Ormskirk.
^ny Variety." 1, J. T. E. Fowler.
J. K. Fowler.
2, R. Parr.
3, J. Bryers.
he,E.
Parr, Aughton.
GosliJigs."l,
Leech.
.4 ;iy Variety." 1, E. Leeeh.
Turkeys."
2, C. Morris, Grassendale.
PIGEONS.
Blackburn.
Cocfc." 1, T Waddintjton, Feniscowles.
2, T. Stretch,.
Carriers."
Pouters.
2. T. Waddincton.
Ormskirk.
Hen."l, H. Yardley, Birmingham.
Jacobins.
he. T. Stretch ; J. Philips. Anfield.
and 2, T. Waddintrton.
~1
Barbs."
1. H. Yardlev
2. J. Philips, he.
1, H. Yariiley. 2, T. Waddington.
Ante
Tdmblers.1. H. Yardley. 2, T. Waddintrton.
M. Hatchforth, Croston.
I
and
OTHER
ViBiETr."
2, T. Waddinston.
Distinct
he, J. Philips; H.
2, H.

pcncilled."l,H. Beldon,

PIGEONS.

"

"

PoTJTEES." Cocfc." 1 and 2, E. Horner, Harewood, Leeds.

.Hoi." I and 2, E
Homer.
Careiees."
Cocfc." 1, E. Homer.
Hen.2, J. Stanley,Salford,Blackburn.
1 and 2, E. Homer.
TuaiBLEES."
^^rnond"
1,F. Moore, Burnley. 2, J. Fielding,
jun., Rochdale.
Any other Variety." 1,3. Fielding, jun. 2, E, Homer.
Deagooks."
2. P. Unsworth.
1, E. Homer.
Fantails.~1, H. Yardley, Bii-mingham. 2, J. S. LoTersidge, Newark-onTrent.
Barbs."
1,J. Fielding,
jun. 2, J. Stanley.
Jacobins."
1, E. Homer.
2, J. Tavlor, Rochdale.
Antweeps."
1.J. Stanley. 2, P. Unsworth.
TuHEiTS.- 1, A. Mangnall, Broughton, Manchester.
2, W. Kitchen, Blackbum.
Trumpeters.
"1, E. Homer.
2, W. Kitchen.
Owls."
Fo?-c?[7n."1 and 2, J. Fielding,jun, Enolish."l and 2, A. MangnaU.
Nuns."
1,J. B. Bowdon, Blackburn.
2, H. Yardley.
Balds
or
1 and 2, J. Fielding,
Beards."
jun.
Ant
other
Variety."
1,W. liitchen.
2, T. Waddin^on.
Cup for most points." E. Horner.
Lops." 1, A. H.

Hull.

Easten,

RABBITS.
2, J. Boyle, jun., Blackburn,

he,S.

wood.
Green-

Angora."

1, J, Earon, Rochdale.
2, J. Boyle, jun. he,A. H. Fasten.
1 and
Himalayan."
he, J. Bovle. jun. 2, J. Butterworth.
Silvee-Geey."
1 and he, S. G. Hudson,
Hull. 2, S. Greenwood.
Any
Vaeiety."
other
1, S. G. Hudson
(Dutch). 2 and he, J. Boyle, jun.

(Grey and

White
Dutch
and Belgian Bnck.
Class."
2, A. H, Easten
1, J. Boyle (hilver-Grey).
(Yellow and White
Lop).

Selling
Butterworth

(Angora),

he, J.

Judges.
Poultry:Mr. R. Teebay,Fulwood, Preston. Ptgeovs:
Mr. Ridpeth,Oatwood Hall,Haudforth, Manchester.
Habhits : Mr.
C. Rayson.
"

GREETLAND

AND

AVE ST

VALE

POULTRY

SHOW.
This

held

was

on

Angnst12th.

The awards

were

as

follow :

"

2, Dr. Holmes, Whitecoflts,

1, D. Spencer, Copley.
Chesterfield. Chiekevs."l, Dr. Holmes.
2, J. Bailey, Earby.
Vale.
CocHiN-CniNA."
2, J. Baldwin, Greetland.
1, J. E. Eastwood, West
2. J. Greenwood,
Copley.
Chickens." 1, E. Day, Wakefield.
Chickens," 2, G.
Spanish.
2, (no competition) R. Holroyd, Barkisland.
Bettison, Scholes, Greetland.
Upper Exley,
Hamburghs."
2, W. Waterhouse,
1, S. Smith, Northowram.
Southowram.
Chickens." \, S. Hirst. Stainland. 2, S. Smith.
Game."
1 and
(Jhickcns.-l, 2, and Timepiece for
Shelf.
2, R. Hemingway,
best pen in the Show, T. Dvson, Halifax,
R.
hf:, Heraing\vay.
Game
Bantams."
2, A. Bailey. Chichens."l,T.
1, W. Hansan, Greetland.
Beadma

Pootea.

"

Yardley.

Judges.

Mr. E. C. Stretch and Mr.

"

ALDBOROUGH

AND

BOROUGHBRIDGE

POULTRY
The

eleventh

Manor,

SHOW.

annual Exhibition
the Ist inst.

on

Hutton.

waa

held in the

park of Aldborongh

E. A. Dalton, Slennincford,
1, R. Potter, Whixley. 2, Miss
Hall.
Chiekcns.-l.'MTS. B. Werse.
Ripon. he, H. R. Farrar, Greenhammerton
Bedale.
he, Miss E. A. Dalton.
2, F. Partitt,Londonderry,
c, H. R. Farrar
H. S. Thompson,
Kirby Hall.
Spanish.Chiekens."l,H.
2, H. R. Farrar.
1,J. Robson, Tnornton-le-Moor.
Dorkings.

"

E. Farrar.
2, J. Robson.
Game."
I, J. Watson,
2, J. Watson, jun.,Knareaborough.
Knaresboronsh.
Chickens." 1, G. Carver, Sandhill, Bedale.
2, J. Robson.
Cochin-China.
2, W. Barnes, Thirsk.
1, T. S. Tm-ner, Boroughbridge.
Chickcns."l and 2, H. R. Farrar.
2. F. Horsman.
Brahma
Pootra."!, Miss B. Pierse.
Boroufrhbridf^e.he, H.
Chiekens.-l
F.
and
S. Thompson,
Carver.
Langthorpe, Borouahbridge.
c,
c, J. King, Boroughbridge.
he. Miss B. Pierse.
2, H. S. Thompson,
J. Watson.
Hambdi
2, R. P. Mojn, DriflSeld.
Gn5."GoIden-spa7iglcd."l,
BA:dBVRons."Goldenrpcncilkd."l, W. Bearpark, Ainderby Steeple. 2, J,
Chiekens."J, SlissE. M. Ellerby. Easingwold.
Watson.
Ousobum,
J. Walker, Great
2, G. Slater,
Kx-xiBvnGiis.-Silver'Spanglcd."l,
Chicke7is."1, J. Robshaw.
Ripon.
2, J. Walker.
Chickens..
Hamburghs.iSi/ufr-pcjio'ik'rf.1, W. Bearpark. 2,Miss E. Pierae.
2, Miss B. Pierse.
1, J. Watson.
Chickens." I, T.
Rolands.1, W. Beai-pai-k.
2, C. Walker,
he,T. S. Turner.
S. Turner.
2, C. Walker.
Bant-vms.2, W. P. Garrett, Dunsforth,
Game."
1, G. H. Pickering, Driffield.
other Variety."], E. R. Turner.
York.
Ami
2, J. Watson.
Cross.Farmyard
Wondward,
Minskip.
he, W.
2, Miss
1, R. P. Moon.
Hall.
Chickens." 1, H. S. Thompson.
2, H.J. Farish.
Bickerdike.
Brampton
Vabiety."
Any
other
2, Miss Barclay, At-ke. he. Miss B.
1,W. Bearpark.
E. H. W. Dickson, Little Ouseburn.
Pierae (2); H. R. Farrar.
c, J. Watson;
Poults." I, W. W. Garwood.
TuRKETB."
2, I.
2, T. Smith.
1, I. Moorey.
"

Moorey.
1 and 2, J. T. Renton,

Geese."

Ripon. Goslings,"I,W.

2, J. T.

Bickerdike.

"

Renton.

DvcKs.-Aylcsbury.-l, T.
Thompson.

2, H. R. Farrar.
Boue 11.
1 and
2, G. Sadler.

Carver.
2, H. S. Thompson.
he. T. Carver
; H. R. Farrar.
Aldborough.
2, C. Graham,

Ducklings."1,H.

S.

DuckUngs.
l, 0.
Dtjcks.Graham.
Ducks."
^Hy nther Variety."I, G. Sadler, Boronghbridgo. 2, F. Parfltt,
W.
he, J. Kenton;
B, Pierse.
Guinea
Fowls.
2, I. Moorey.
1, Miss
Bickerdike.
Selling
2, J. Watson, jun.
Class.- 1,Mrs. T. S. Turner.
"

"

"

Dyson.
Aky

other

Stainland.
Extra

BREEn."

2, T. Briden, Earby,

Skipton. Chickens." 1, S.

Hirst.

2, T. Briden.

Prizes."

Gnme."

Hen."

(Local)." 1, S. Farwell, Eiland.

Hirst.

1,W. Suirdcn, Rastrick.

2, V. Barton, Greetland.

2, T. Dyson.

Any

Cock

Breed.-^, W.

Pouters."
Carriers.-

PIGEONS.
2, G. Sadler, he, E. Homer
1,E. Homer. Harewood.
1 and 2, E. Homer,

; K. P. Moon,

JOUENAL

Angnet 17,1871.]

OF

AND

HOBTIOULTUEB

COTTAGE

133

GARDENER.

Magpies, which

1, E. Homer.
2, J. Cundale, Copt Hewiclc. Ripon.
1 and 2, E. Horner,
JA00BIN3."
he, J. Watson, jun. ; Gr. Sadler.
Fantails."
he, J. Watson, jun. ; 0. Auton, York ;
2. Gr. Sadler,
1. E. Horner.
O. H. Pickering.
Tumblers."
he,G. Sadler.
2, C. Anton,
1, E. Homer.
Barbs."
1,2, and Cup for the best pen of Pigeons in the Show, E. Horner.
Nuns."
1, G. Sadler.
2, G. H. Pickering.
he, C. Auton.
TuRBiTS.~l, E. Homer.
2, G. Sadler,
Antwerps."
1. J. Cundale.
he, G. Sadler ; E. Homer.
2, C. Auton.
Owls
2. J. Cundale.
(English)." 1, G. Sadler
Any
VaRiETY.Homer.
other
1, E.
2, C. Anton,
he,K. P. Moon.
Class."
Selling
1,G. Sadler.
2, J. Hardcastle, jun.,Skelton, Ripon (Balds).

Black
Sellingclass,notablythe first-ptize
perfect.

Buck."
he, I.
Rabbits."
.4?i!/ Breed."
1, G. Auton.
2, C. Taylor, Minskip.
Z"oc." 1, C
Slade, Boroughbridge ; G. Umplebv, Eoroughbridge : T. Gargrave.
; T. Taylor :
Auton.
he, J. Benson
; C. Russell,Aldborougb
2, T. Taylor,York,
Extra
Class." I,W. Bickordike
(Peacock
Master
Dawson, Aldborougb Manor.
and
Peahen).
Brooks, Ald2, T. S. Turner, Boroughbridge (Japanese). S,

(Creve-Cceurs).
and
8, H. Pickles, Jan.,
2, H. Beldon.
B."yiBVRG'B.s."Golden-spanglcd."l.
and c, H.
Earby, Skipton. e, J. Rollingon, Lindley, Otlcy. Silver-spangled.-l
2 and
H. Beldon.
Beldon.
2. H,
3, H. Pickles, jun. Golderv^encilled."l,

Trumpeters."

"

"jborough(Owl).
Mr. Beldon.
Judge.
"

with great reluctance,seeingthat so

this prize-list
[We pnblisli
longa time has elapsedsince the Show ; and we mnst beg secretaries
after the awards have been
as possible
us
as
soon
prize-lists
made.
Eds.]

were

Game."
2, W, .Johnson,
jlni/Variety."\, J. Hodgson, Bowling, Bradford.
Coelc."l.
Bliss Aykroyd, Eccleghill.
2, W.
Idle.
3, H. Jennings, Allerton.
2. W,
Hen.-\, 3. Smith, Allerton.
Fell, Adwalton.
3, J. Preston, Allerton.
Fell.
Northowram
E.
Redman,
; W.
c,
Spencer, Haworth.
3,Miss Aykroyd.
Spanish."
BZacfc."l, H. Beldon, Goitstock,Bingley. 2, J. Powell,Bradford.
3,J. Thresh, Bradford.
A
3 and
c, W.
Cochin-Chinas."
1, J. Sichel,Timperley. 2, H. Beldon.
Manchester.
Taylor,
Pootkas."
3. J.Preston.
Brahma
2, J. Sichel.
1, H. Beldon.
French
Fowls."
C. W.
Fitzwilliam, Wentworth
1, H. Beldon.
2, Hon.
"Woodhouae
Woodhouse.
8, J. Sichel. c, Hon. H. W. Fitzwilliam, Wentworth

2, H.
Silver-pencilled."1 and 3, H. Beldon.
3, J. RoUinson.
Black." 1, C. Sedgmck, Keighley.
8, J. Smith,
2, H. Beldon.
Gilstead.
c, J. Preston.
Game
Bantams."
2, W. F. EntIfe(i."1,G. Noble, Staincliffe,Dewsbury.
Any other Variety." 1, W. F. Ent3, F. Steel,Burnley.
wisle,Cleckheaton.
wisle.
2,H. Beldon.
3, J. Sichel.
Pickles, Jun.
Pickles, jun.

CHICKENS.
GAME.-Red.-l, J. Spencer, Clayton. 2, Miss Spencer, Clayton. 3, Misa
" Chamock,
Illingworth.
Aykroyd.
Any other Varieti/. 1 and 2, Barker
Piillet.-l, J. Hird, Bingley. 2. J. Robert8, Brentnall " Kyte, Nottingham.
shaw, ThoiTiton.
8,Miss Aykroyd. c, T. Briggs, FeamciifEe, Bingley.
Cochin-Chinas."
1,2, and 3, C. Sedgwick,
3, T.
H.
Hamburghs.Go He ;i-siJa"5r/ffZ."l,
Pickles, iun. 2, H. Beldon.
SHOW.
ALLERTON
POULTRY
2. T. Fawcett, Baildon.
Dean. Keighlev. SUvcr-spanglcd."land 3. H. Beldon.
SilverGolderb-pencillad."\, J. Smith.
2, H. Pickles, jun. 3, J. Preston.
held on the
was
The seventh annual Show of the Allerton Society
Banks.
3, H. Beldon.
c, H.
2, H. Smith, Morton
pencilled" \, J. Preston.
and was
well attended by visitors,
but owing to the reduction
12th inst.,
Black." I and 2, C. Sedg^vick. 3,W. A. Taylor.
Pickles,jim. ; H. Beldon.
of the prizelistand another Show
Any other
BANTAHis.-iJfd.day,the
Game
1 and 2, W. F. Entwisle.
3, G. Noble.
beingheld on the same
8. J. Sichel.
number
There
2, T. Dyson. Halifax.
of entries was not equal to that of last year.
Variety."1, H. Beldon.
was,
3,J.
CLiss."
Selling
1, J. J. Booth, Siladen.
2, J. W. Thornton, Bradford.
excellent birds.
a class that did not contain some
however, scarcely
Eerrv, Silsden.
Reds were
first and third and Black
In singleGame cocks Brown
Burnley.
S, J. J.
Ducks."
Rouen."
2, A. West, Worsthorn,
1, J. Newton.
Any other Variety,"! and 2,W. Binns,
all the prizes. Booth.
Aylesbury," I, J. Preston,
Ked second, aud in pairsof birds Brown Reds won
Spanishwere good and well placed; and in Cochins Whites of great Pudsey.
PIGEONS.
excellence and in the highest condition were
Buffs
second
and
Pouters.first,
c, H. Yardley,Birmingham;
1, 2, and 3, W. Cannan, Bradford,
E. Homer,
Harewood, Leeds.
third. The Brahmas
of moderate quality.French fowlsv^qvq
were
2 and 3, E. Homer,
W. Cannan.
Caeriees."
c, H. Yardley.
1,
good,the firstand third prizes goingto Creve-Cceurs,and the second
8, H. Yardley.
2, W. Cannan.
Tv^BT.E.m."
Short faced."1, E. Homer.
to La Fleche.
2,J.T.
Hamhurghs are seldom seen in such goodfeather at this c, J, T. Lishman. Girlington. Any other Fari'efi/.-land 3,W. Cannan.
Lishman.
he, H. Yardley. c, E. Homer.
of the
time of year as theywere
at Allerton,and with the exception
he, E. Horner.
Owls."
1 and 8, W. Cannan.
2, E. Wilson, Thirsk.
of
which
faded in colour,the classes were
were
Golden-pencilled,
Turbits."
3, T. Foster, Denholmegate.
2, J. T. Lishman.
1,J. W. Cannan.
classeswere
uniformlyhigh quality.The Bantam
badlydistributed,c, R. Wilson; W. Cannan; J. T, Lishman.
3, R. Wilson.
Jacobins."
2, E. Homer.
1,W. Cannan,
Game being allowed a class of their own, and also to compete with
2, H. Yardley. S,J. T.
Fantails."
1, J. F. Loversidge, Newark-on-Trent.
the other varieties,
and in consequence the entries were
unusually Lishman.
Barbs."
1 and 3, E- HcHmer.
2, H. Yardley.
small.
W.
Cannan.
Cannan.
J.
c, E. Horner.
3,
Dragoons."
1, H. Yardley. 2,W.
In chickens,the Game classes contained some
good birds,and in
3, E.Horner.
Trumpeters.1, J. Cundall, Kipon. 2 and c, W. Cannan.
Cochins allthree prizes
taken by one exhibitor,
were
showingexcellent
Nuns."
2, H. Yardley. 3, J. T. Lishman.
1,R. Wilson.
3,W. Cannan,
2, J. T- Lishman,
Antwerps."
in the
1,J. W. Collinaon, Halifax.
numerous
specimens. The entries of Hamhurghs were more
he, J. W. Collinaon ; W. Cimnan.
4, E. Homer,
were
Golden- spangled
young than in the old classes. The first-prize
2 and
Magpies."
3, E. Horner.
1, J. T. Lishman.
a handsome
1 and 2, H. Yardley.
pair,as also the Silvers; the cockerel of the latter pen
Archangels."
8, W. Bmns.
1 and 2, J. T. Lishman.
3, W. Lund, Shipley.
Variety."
other
The Golden -pencilled
of the best we have ever seen.
was
one
pullets Any
3,W. Lund.
Selling
Glass."
2, J. W. Cannan.
1,A. Preston, Allerton.
rather light
in ground colour,but the Silver-pencilled
were
were
very
good in colour and markings, and the Black Hamburghs were also a
3, F.
2, E. Fairbank, AUerton,
Ha-bbits.Common."
1,J. Knight, Allerton.
nice lot. The Red
Game
order and
Bantams
shown in splendid
were
Moore, Allerton.
full feather,and in the Varietyclass Blacks were
Mr.
E.
first,
Dnckwings
Bradford.
Mr.
J.
Pigeons:
Dison,
JjjBG-ES."PouUri/:
second,and Pekins third. Of Duchs there were
some
good Rouens,
Leeds.
to send

"

"

and also Bahamas

in the Variety
class.
A cup was
offered to the most successful exhibitor of Pigeons,
and
this was
with a fine stud of birds.
easilywon by Mr. W. Cannan

Pouters

Blues
stood first,

Hutton, Padsey,near

LEICESTER

SOCIETY'S

AGRICULTURAL

takingthe place of honour, the cock bird

SHOW.
POULTRY
20 inches in feather,
and 71 in limb, and the hen ISi and
7 inches in limb.
The
Whites
were
second, measuring lOi and
favonrable of late to tlie success
The
weatlier has been singnlarly
6i inches,and 18.^and 6J inches; third were
7
and
Blues,18|
inches, of
poultryesMbitions,and in no caso more so than at Leicester ; hence
and 18^ and 7i inches ; the latter were, however, a littlefoul-thighedtlie financial
of tbis year'smeeting will stand higb in the
success
and out of feather. In Carriers,
merit were
Duns of extraordinary
show pens, and
capital
records of this Society. Messrs. Turner's
of
somewhat
and
Blacks
second
and
out
first,although
condition,
mittee,
tents left nothing to be desired,and the courtesyof the Comroomy
third.
first and third,and
In Short-faced Tumbers, Almonds
were
In
excelled.
be
not
with the care theygave to the birds,could
The first-prize
all that could be desired.
Yellow second.
pair were
first prize,
a
toolr
White
the
of
a
for
class
a general
Dorhings, pen
A pair of perfectly
-marked
Red
Mottles
first
in
stood
Long-faced circumstance
attributable to ^reat want of condition in the Grey
Tumblers, closely
of
chickens
pressedby Black Baldpates; and Black Mottles were
the
early
Dorkingsgenerally.A very strong feature was
third. The Owls were
a mixed
peting
class,both Foreignand English comwhile other shows have been remarkable for the
almost eveiy variety,
made to Foreign Blues, the
together,and the first award was
throughout
of anythinglike really
earlychickens. Cochin^
scarcity
second to Whites, and the third to Blue English,
the whole beingperfect
such as had never
appearedbefore the Leicester public,
previously
were
of their kind,althoughthe last-named
not clean. Turbits
were
Whilst
overshown.
from
amias
being
few
were
sadly
though a
pens
find their home in the immediate vicinity
of Allerton,and scarcely
a
good
especially
speaking of Cochins,we cannot but remark that some
shown
which was
of a prize. Yellows were
not deserving
Mr.
pen was
ShepPartridge hens were exhibited by the Honorary Secretary,
Reds second,and Blues third. Jacobins were
first.
good,Reds being pard,at the low priceof a guinea a-couple,
in the sale class ! Of
first
second and
Fantails
The

measuring

and_Yellows

prizepairwas

firstwere
good.
a
speedy disposal. Many well-known
these, of course, there was
Blacks second,
Barbs, Dans were
first.
winners,
that in bygone years were
frequent
shown
Game cocks were
Dragoons, Blues were first,
althoughconsiderable but which
so faultyin the feet as to
and accidents have become

very small.

and Reds third. In

doubt was felt by the

third.

In

by

age
Judge as to the sexes of the birds ; but if these be
fine young Game
onlyuseful in future for stock purposes. Some
correct pair,
we
may congratulatethe owner
siderable
conupon the possession
to be met with m
and close on laying,were
fully
pullets,
grown
of the best pen we have ever
seen.
Trumpeters were very good ; a
Hamfjurghs were
present,but
A few very perfect
numbers.
handsome pairof Black Mottles were
and
brokenBlacks
first,
The Selling
second,
a failure.
Bantayyis were
limited. Game
the entries were
coloured Black and White
third. Of Nuns, Blacks were
first and
and we
a
classes contained generally
very cheap entry of good birds,
second,and Reds third. The most striking
Mr. Yardley had it
pairof birds, however,was
considerable.
were
the
effected
sale^
told
are
left out on
of the severity
account
of trimming. The
heads
and
selectionof Pigeons,and
prettywell his own way with a carefully-sent
throats of both birds were
denuded of every foul feather,and we
largeentry.
a good and
of Waterfowlsthere was
would advise Mr. Yardley to give them a long rest before theyagain
Pullets,"
W.
H.
Salt, Leicester.
Atherstone.
2,
Dorkings."
1, J. Choyce,
Antwerps were a good class,Duns being 1, J. Watts, King's Heath.
appear in the show pen.
Cockerels." 1,3. Watts.
,
tt
he, H.
Mowbray,
Red Chequerssecond, and Blues third. Magpieswere
first,
good, with
Spanish.-I, J. Stephens, Walsall. 2. M. Bro\vn, Melton
he,J. Stephens.
Marshall, Cropwell Butler ; J. Watta. Pullets." 1,M. Brown,
Reds first and third,and Yellows second. In the Variety
class were
Porcelain Ice second,
some
good birds. Porcelain Swallows were first.
Buff."I. H.Yarclley. 2, H. C. Woodcock, Rearaby
c. J. Haasal, Leicester,
and Ural Ice Pigeonsthird. There were
some
cheap birds in the House, Leicester, he, J. Watta; H. 0. Woodcock,
be

,,

^'cocuiSs^Ginnavion^and

^^

134

OF

JOUBNAL

COTTAGE

AND

HORTICULTURE

Wliitr."
Woodcock.
Cockerels" I.J. '^ntla.
JiiHcfs."l.H.C.
;;c.J. Hassel.
2. H. E. Emblin, Oailby,
Hall, Leicester
I,Mrs. TVillianison, Qaeenibnrouch
Leicester.
PiiUcts."l, :\IrB."Williamson,
CockereU."l, Mrs.
c, H. E. Emblin.
Pullets.
Atiit other Vnriety."l,J. Stephens.
Wiliamson.
he, H. E. Embin.
"1, J. Stephens.
Coekercl."l,J. Stephens.
2. Jlrs. Williamson,
Beahmas.
1. W. Stevens. Northampton.
c, J. Allen; .T.
Watts.
Pu"e(s."1.H.C.
Woodcock.
J. Watts
Cockerel.
Zic,
; Mrs. WiUiamson.
he. W. Stevens.
"1, J. Watts,
G.ME."
Pullets" l.W.B..
1. H. Marshall.
2, W. E. Oakelev. Atherstone.
Cockerel"
Clare.
(ic,W. T. Ever.ard : W. E. Oakeley.
2, W. E. Oakeley.
I,
W. T. Everavd.
/(C.Lord Mauchline, Derby ; W.E.
Oakeley. c, W.H.Clare.
Cock."l, W. E. Oakeley.
ampton,
H^^BVRGn^."fioMen-sitongled. I, J. Stephens.
2, .T. W. Swallow, NorthJ. Choyce. 2, No competihe, H. E. Emberlin.
Silver-spangled.-l,
tion.

great

success

Philip

"

in every way,

I fear, from

day

[ August 17,1871.

GARDENER.

exceptthat on account of the soaking wet

Secretary's
remarks,both ends will hardlymeet.
House, Croydon.

the

Waddon

Crowley,

"

"

Game
Bantams.
1, H. Yardley. 2, W. Brown, Cliff,Atherstone.
C/efln./('f7f7^'^
Bantams."
variety."}, W. H. Johnson, Braunstone,
e^uy other
Leicester.
2, H. Dravcott, Humberstone, Leicester.
Class."
Coc?.-."l.H. Yardley. 2, W. E. Oakeley. Hens
Selling
Pullets.
or
2.'.T.Chovce
(Partridge Cochins).
(White
1, T. Sheppard, Humberstone
W.
.J. Watts;
T.
Dorkinss).
he, A. J. Hamel
E. Oakeley;
Grundy;
; C. M.
Sheppard (2). c. H. Yardley ; H. Dravcott ; W. Nottaire, Northampton.
DucK^.-Aylesburi/. 1 and 2, J. J. Sharp, Brouihton, Ketterinfj. he, H. E.
Emberlin.
Eouen.
c, J. Choyce.
1. J. Writrht. Melton
Mowbray.
2, J.
Choyce.
7ic,T. Biirnjiby,Pipewell, Ketterintr; H. Marshall.
2 and he, W. H. Johnson.
Turkeys."
1, J. Watts.
Geese.
1, J. Watts.
2, J. Choyce.
"

"

"

LEAVING

QUEENS

THEIR

HIVES.

It is difficult to prove a negative,but I agree with Mc. Lowe

in thinking that fertile queens, which
have entered fairlyoa
their duties as mothers, do not leave their hives for an aiirial
had any proof of the fact,
excursion.
At all events I have never
mentioned
and if the circamstancea
by " B. " W." had happened
in my apiary,it would
not have occurred
to me
plain
to exthem in the way that your highly-esteemedcorrespondent
done.
sometimes
steers his coarse
Although Mr. Lowe
panion
alcne, it is his fortune, or misfortune,to have me for a comon
ihs present occasion.

has

"

"

PIGEONS.
1 and he. H. Y'ardley. 2, J. Watt3.
1. H. Yardley.
2, G. Sturgess, Leicester,
; H.
he,H. E. Emberlin
Draycott ; J. Wafts ; G. Sturgess.
Fantails.
1, H. Y.irdley. 2. W.
H. Yardley;
J. F. Loveridge,
Choyce. /iC,
Newark
e, W. Chovce.
; H. Dravcott.
Tdrbits."
1, H. Yardley.
2, F. H. Paget, Eirstall,Leicester,
; F.
c, J. Watts
H. Paget.
Magpifs."
1, H. Praycott. 2. H. Yardlev.
1 and
Any
other
Variety."
H.
(2);
2,
Yardley. he, H. Draycott; J. Watts
W. Notlage.
c, H. Draycott.
Selling
Class."
men),
1,J. Watts (White Horsemen). 2, H. Y'ardley(Blue Horsehe,H. Yardley ; H. Draycott.
Carkiers."
Pouters."

"

Karbtts.
Lov-eared (.\ny variety)."!and 2. W. Cannan.
Leicester,
he, J
Smith. Leicester,
Anu other Variety."
e, G. W.
stnrgess ; Hon. P. Hastings.
2. F. Sabbage, Northampton
I, S. O. Pilgrim, Hinckley (Himalayan).
(Dutch).
Extra
Stock."
/(C,W. H. Johnson
(Guinea Fowls).
"

Mr.

Edward

Hewitt, of Sparkbrook,
Birmingham,was

CROYDON
I

POULTRY

sorry to find such

tbe above Show.

AM

unjust

tlie Judge.

made
exodus on the 24th of May.
a second
it will be obvious
that if there were
other hives
neighbourhood, it is not necessary to suppose that the
from the strong
issuing on May 24th came
originally
swarm

But

Italian hive ; it might have

stock.
It is quite common
for bees
another,and the noveltyof an

number
cerning
conI have nothing

come

from

some

other

in the
swarm

hybrid
hybrid

to swarm
out of one
skep into
under my
instance which came
observation
many
years ago caused it to be well remembered.
thus :
hives were
sited a few yards from
each other
Three
First
A
threw
which
housed in a comwas
mon
a swarm,
A, B, C.
which
without
then
B
threw
entered
A
a
skep ;
swarm,
which
opposition. Immediately thereafter C threw a swarm,
"

eye-witnessof these doings,and I have an

occupied by them did not exceed half
hour.
These hives,A and B, into which swarms
had entered
an
the
third
when
on
threw
a
swarms
day following; and now
B.

was

impression that

in last week's

Althongb

regard,then, to

entered

SHOW.

remarks

the experience of "B. itW.," my conjecture

is that the bees of the strong hybrid hive removed
and that the swarm
entered
40 yards off swatmed
unseen,
commenced
his Italian hive in which royal cells were
shortly
driven.
in
this
after it was
matters
Finding
condition,this
In

an

the time

at Croydon,
living
of this Show, which is connected with the
that the queen
and
leaves a hive I do not conclude
swarm
and
therefore I can
AgriculturalSociety,
speak as an independent followers properlybelong to it on the mere
evidence of having
exhibitor. In my opinionthe arrangements were
as
good as tbey
E. S.
witnessed their exodus.
could be where an
exhibition takes placeunder canvas.
I agree with
Mr. Cresswell,that the passages
[This would have appeared earlier had it not been among
might have been wider,but as the
not undulycrowded,nor
day was unfortunately
Mr. Woodbury's papers, and not found until some
very wet, tbeywere
days after
to do with the

management

"

the

were

under

birds

the

In

bottom

two

instances

tier,but

in

the pens were

of these

each

evidently
unexpected arrivals,as they were

placedon
cases

the

numbered

the

ground

birds

96a

and

I may add that in many

shows that I have attended the arrangements
have
not nearly equalled Croydon,and that in old-established societies
and fine weather.
The
also finds great fault with the police
in
same
correspondent
attendance.

My own
experiencewas, that on presenting
myself about
1 P.M., I was
informed
that the Judge had not quitefinished
politely
his awards, and requested
to wait a short time before entering. At
that time the only persons in the tent were
the Secretary
with the

Judge,also

Mr.

who
Billett,

was

to pen the birds,and two

exhibited their birds,but not for
pated,
anticito do than was
more

employed

three local Pigeonfanciers, who

competition.Certainlythe Judge
or

and

he found

friend's death.

our

Eds.]

"

were

105.A.

had

it would have been very much

better if the Secretary,
when
that the entries were
three times as numerous
this year
last,had appointed a second Judge. But is there one

UNITING

BEES"

SAVING

CONDEMNED

THE

BEES

OF

STOCKS.

I HAVE
into possessionof three stocks of bees itr
latelycome
of June
rotten old straw hives,and of three or four swarms
and July of this year, which were
boxes of
hived in common
different sizes. I am
desirous of establishing
at least three
good stocks to stand the winter,and also of taking some
honey.
The people about here have no
idea in bee-keepingbeyond
the bees with brimstone.
little
I have picked up
a
stifling
theoretical knowledge in your Journal,but being a lady cannot
is evidentlyindisposedto
put it in practicemyself. My man

theywere

as

try experiments.
in twenty which
attains perfection
in its second year ? As to
if 1st,I should drive the bees into new
Please tell me
and
correspondent'slast remarks,I can only look on them as great improved hives?
2ad, When
uniting two or three weak
for with a good canvas
exaggerations,
tent, as the tent in question
was,
colonies should all the
show

"

your

it is

that
perfectly
impossible

that it could

reach

home

in

appearedto have justcome

have imagined that iu such

any bird could leave it in such a state

condition fairly
describsd by sayingit

from

washtub.

How

much
fairer to
in that state in

but one
be destroyed?
3rd, If
queens
this month, will the bees have enough honey to live
to
me
through the winter 1 4th, Would
you recommend

set about
on

Ligurian queen or swarm, or wait until I have had some

experience?
Observer
terms as to the judging.
speaks in very disparaging
the lives of
By answering these questions you will save
For my
own
part I thoughtthe judgingquite as good as usual,and I many
colonies which
would
otherwise
be destroyed by the
met there more
than one
who
did
likewise.
As
so
good judge
regards country folk,for when I have myself learnt,I intend to teach
the Brahmas, with the judging
of which he finds particular
there
fault,
the proper
method
them
of managing.
A
Sudscribek's
was
hibition
hardlya bird in the Lightclass that was fit to be placedin an exSiSTEK.
all
in
of
out
were
They
condition,
pen.
nearly
heavymoult,
and
but not fit to show
[1st,We should advise you not to attempt to establishstocks
as yellow as Canaries
very good birds many,
until over
their moult.
The
of driven bees in new
boxes at this season
first and
Too
second prizeswent to those
of the year.
a

wet time it had

become

transit home.

buy

little

"

"

"

"

which

had

the best got over

in the best
their moult,and were, therefore,
"
condition for exhibiting. *' Observer
should
also remember
that
is
July the very worst of all months in the year for a poultryshow, on
account

much
as

to
In

of the

to the

birds being in such deepmoult, which

in awardingthe prizes
in
Judge'sdifficulty

givegeneral satisfaction.
I do maintain
conclusion,

also adds

such

very

a manner

that it is too bad to find such

I must
before been
fault with a show which
has only once
say undeserved
held, and this year obtains three times as
entries as on the
many
former occasion. I must also add, that in
the show was
a
my opinion
"

"

had better wait until next summer,

and then hive the swarms
into them, when
break up the old hives twenty-one
you can
days after the issue of the swarms.
2nd. It is not necessary, when
unitingtwo or throe colonies,
drive the bees
to destroyall the queens
but one.
If possible,
of both or more
hives successively
into one
empty receptacle,
them
the
hive
into
out
they are intended
knocking
subsequently
to occupy.

3rd, 'Without

very liberal

feeding,say

from

30 lbs. to 40 lbs.

Angust 17, 1871. ]

JOUBNAL

OP

HOBTICULTUKE

bees would fail in buildingcomb

of sugar syrup, your expelled
or
storing food sufficientfor their winter requirements. If
you take up any of your stocks,and desire to preserve the
unite them to stocks tolerably
well
"livesof the bees, you must

AND

COTTAGE

American

GABDENEB.

135

hive-maker who

has been prosecutedby Mr. Lingthe

iafringinghis patent, and who, having made
evidence
journeyto Europe for the avowed purpose of collecting
which may enable him
to defeat that gentleman'sclaims,is,of
there may
suppliedin every respect, making up any deficiency
course, but too happy both to praiseand to purchase a hive
which he hopes will aid him in accomplishinghis object. Our
be in stores by feedingeach stock until it weighs,exclusive of
reviewer spoke only of the bar-and-frame
hive and bees,at least 15 lbs.
hive as described and
4th, You had better wait until you have had more experience, promulgated by Major Munn, not as it may since have been
an
and have become
whose
letter is therefore
expert manipulator before you attempt altered either by him or by Mr. Pettitt,
know
ladies who, with
beside the mark.
As the actual facts of the case
to
ligurianising
seem
many
your apiary. We
clever
and
fearless
be
u
nderstood
both
of
bee
on
the
the protection a proper
dress,are
perfectly
sides,
correspondencemay
well
end
here."]
operators.
very
Lastly,Do not trouble yourselfabout tryingto indoctrinate
the country folk with your improved methods of bee management.
COOKING
VEGETABLES.
The
attempt will end only in utter failure ; besides
and capabilities, In
which, it is very doubtful if,with their means
replyto Mr. Fish's suggestionthat some
lady would give
for
the
best
not
1:heirown
them.]
plans are
the best way of cookingvegetables,
I have
a few directions on
ventured to send you the following
:
stroth for

"

well and Look

Pat two
well.
into a pan that will hold three
BAR-AND-FRAME
HIVES.
quarts of hard spring water
HINGES
TO
bi-carbonate
quarts ; when the water boils put into it as much
The
edition of Dr.
writer of the review of Major Munn's
of soda as will lie in a saltspoon,and a good teaspoonfulof
does not appear
this
Bevan's
to understand
Honey Bee
the pan from the fire until the
salt. Then
remove
common
"
have been distributed
cranky hive," and although a large number
from about
water ceases
boiling,
pour in the peas, justshelled,
the country from my establishment,I venture to
over
half peck when
the fire
in the pod, not more
; put the pan on
think your correspondenthas never
one
of them.
seen
then
to
it
until
it
to the hob
remove
justbegins
simmer,
again
I know
nothing whatever of the hive which Major Muun
it will remain
or
cooler part of the stove, where
at scalding
presentedto the Apiarian Society,and the hive might have
heat,but not boiling; there let it remain until the peas are
been made
by the
cheap country carpenter at a cost to the
quitetender,which the very hardest will become it allowed to
Major of "7 or "8, and yet have merited the appellationof " a
remain
long enough. The length of time varies from a few
unable
its bar-frames
to say whether
cranky hive," but I am
hour or more, accordingto the age of the
minutes
to half an
were
hinged or not ; yet I may say that the bar-frames,as I
the length of time theyhave been gathered.
or
make
them, are not hinged to the hive. If theyare hinged at peas
Some littlecare should be bestowed on the shellingof peas,
all they are hinged to the glassobservation-frame,
into which
for it is impossiblefor any gardener to be quitesure that every
be lifted by a brass lifting-rod
can
of the combs
and
any one
pea is the same
age, and a little careful judgment will easily
made
fast by a thumb-screw, and which
be removed
can
where detect
anywhat will not boil together; if there is but a singlepea
for observation and returned to the hive without a single
too old it is better left out, as the one pea would spoilthe whole
The frames which I made
bee making its escape.
in 1851 are
dish.
with those made in 1871.
interchangeable
The
cooking of vegetables is almost always considered of
"
Again, the frames of Major Munn's are not
triangular
will give themselves the
small importance,and few persons
frames," the outer case or box being a semi-hexagon,or half a
when
trouble to do it properly,even
they know how ; and,
hexagon, into which the frames are made to fit,
leavinga space
of
those
who
do not know
how
will
strange to say, very few
of about three-eighths
of an inch all round
the frames, which
follow
written
directions.
even
They cannot imagine there
"
and not triangular
must be of half -hexagonshape,
; and
every
be any way but one, and that the way they have been used
can
bar- frame on being raised into the observation-frame,"
requires
to. One great cause
of failure is from the small quantityof
to be held in a positionby the brass lifting-rod
until it is firmly
I have
too much.
water used ; it is almost impossible to use
fixed into it by a brass thumb-screw.
Two
broad zinc slides
seen
cabbage boiled,or rather cooked,and when done there
the one into the observation-frame,
the other
are then inserted,
it
all
that
had
been
from
in
the
water
was
no
to pour
put
;
pan
into the hive ; these effectually
close the aperture in the hive
it tasted
was
gone in absorptionand evaporation. Of course
whence
the comb has been raised.
than cabbage. Anna.
like
water
more
cabbage
"
SuDEUKY
is quitecorrect in statingthat the Major Munn
hive in the Edinburgh Museum
has its frames
hinged to the
the
maker
of this hive,I had nothing to guide me
hive,and, as
in its construction
BOX.
but Major Munn's
OUR
LETTER
pamphlet of 1851. I
attached brass hinges to this hive (thefirst I ever
We
LiSKEAED
informed
that the remarks
of
made), for
PouLTET
Show."
are
which I alone am
this did not prevent " J. L." on this Show at page 93 are not altogether correct. The Judge
responsible
; but even
on
occasion
known
be
the
to undertake
is
well
to
thoroughly
competent
the combs from being interchangeable.
that office,
and on being solicited to do so declined, because he knew
that
Mr. H. A. King, that practical
of New York, has
apiculturist
he took firstprize at
his son had entered
Bantams
with which
the Game
with a personal visit,and was
honoured me
till he did act ; and
much
Truro.
The Committee, however, importuned him
lately
so
in awarding the
pleasedwith the construction and arrangement of this " cranky we certainlydo not see any great crime he committed
that they were
prize to his son's birds,especiallyas it is not contended
hive," that he purchased one to take home to the New World, not
the best in the competition.
where I have not the least doubt but it will prove itselfto be
Wash
Fowls
Roupt
{J.R Birmingham)," Yonx fowls have the roup.
worthyof the patronageof the American people.
their heads once
Give them
day
or twice
every
daily with tepid water.
in ale; also
Major Munn's bar-and-frame hive was first made in England 1 grain of sulphate of copper mixed in oatmeal mashed
all others.
in 1834,patented in France
in 1843, and {from a description plenty of green food. Separate those aflfectedfrom
Treatment
while
Moulting
in Major Munn's pamphlet of
of Fowls
{J.G.)." It is not the firsttime
1851),was first made at Dover in doctors
stance
have diff'ered,
and we
are
happy for your sake that in this inor about that year by
Wtatt J. Pettitt.
to say we
lieve
bethe patient did not die. We are, however, bound
the bird recovered in spiteof your treatment rather than because of
[We sent the above communication
to Mr. Woodbury just
it. The
writer of the article has, we
believe,tried everything mentioned
to his death, and the following
previously
comment
has the
in it on
a large scale.
additional interest of being the last he wrote
upon any subject
Li3HT
Points
Bbahmas
of
(Brahma Novice). You have omitted one
connected
with bee-culture. Ens.
The plumage
point which may, and should be black even in a Light Brahma.
"
mon
the flighthackle and tail. It is a very comshould be white, save
Major Munn's bar-and-frame hive appears capable of assuming
Such spots must be
thing for these birds to have spotted backs.
as many
shapes as Proteus himself. We have ourselves
out as the birds become
older,if
called blemishes, but they will moult
and examined
seen
it whenever opportunityoffered,and cerIf you intend to breed for exhibition you can,
tainly
they are few in number.
ever,
If,howalways believed that the frames were hinged to the hive, we think, safely do so, or you may show the birds themselves.
to
them
deserve
be called
are
the backs
so
spotted as to make
whilst Mr. Pettitt himself declares that they are so in the case
to change the strain,at any rate on
one
should advise
you
mottled, we
of the one first made by him and depositedin the
Edinburgh Bide. The weight you quote is a large one for a bird of the age. We
Museum.
Of one thing,however, we
are quite certain
that
repeat for your comfort, that being chickens it is probable the spots will
be moulted out.
and that theyare so represented
they were always triangular,
Health
dently
Eggs"
in Major Munn's
Fowls
cut
of
Soft
(W. P. B.). Your fowls are evipamphlet as well as in every engravingof his
How

to Boil

Peas

to

Taste

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

bar-and-framehive which we have met with,and which were

all,or nearlyall,
issued by Mr. Pettitt. Mr. H. A. King is an

out

of health.

To

make

even

guess

have, it would be necessary to

According to your description you have
should

know
none

of eggs you
at the number
the ages of all your hens.
of them
so
aged as to be

OF

JOURNAL

136

AND

HORTICULTURE

birds laid their early eggs as

lavera. The one-year
Those of two years
old are in their best but not
the three-yenrs-oldare
fallingoff. It is evident they
at fault.
are
either lack material for shell,or their secretions
They have
Wc
advise
to feed for a few days on
lime, "c.,in its mature state.
you
whole corn
entirely,and to do so very moderately. We think it likelyit
oil is very good treatment, given in doses of a
succeed.
Castor
may
tablespoonful every other day, but it would be necessary then to find out
soft eggs are probably laid by three or
the delinquents. The hundred
four birds.
the moat

favourable

pulletslast autumn.
earliest laying,and

Fowls
or

you

worse

a Sneezing
Noise
lose all your
Bantams.
useless ; to be of any use

(J,C. S. B.)." Alter your treatment,

turpentine down the throat i3
be put down
the trachica.
camphor
drink, and give them daily
till
of a small
garden pea, to be continued

Making
will

than

have
Let them
nothing but
the size
a pill of camphor
first dose
often
The
cured.

ground oats,bread
cured, which

and

will not

COTTAGE

makes

another

milk, chopped egg, and

Feed
unnecessary.
meat scraps tillthey

[ August 17,1871.

do so with perfectsafety,and I will empanel

sit on
the subject; indeed, I should much
Blakston,

can

to

jury of Mule-breeders
like to see it." W. A

Gold

Fish
{J. M, S.)."Ordinary fish cannot
be converted into gold fish
water.
Their increase,and the disappearance of the other fish,
doubtless due to the high temperature. The gold fish and commou
cai-p are distinct species.

by

warm

are

METEOROLOGICAL
Camden

The

it should
julep to

GARDENER.

OBSERVATIONS.
Square, London.

Lat. 51=*32' 40" N. ; Long. O'^ 8' 0" W.

; Altitnde 111 feet.

on
are

be long.

Wen
on
Pigeon's
Neck,
and
Antwerp
Points
(A. C. E.)."lf we read
outside its throat.
Let it alone,
your letter aright your bird has a wen
under
the fingers,
cut the skin across
and
can
or, if it be moveable
you
it. For points and full information,
with accurate
remove
engraving of
for February 17, 1870.
the Antwerp Pigeon, see our
number
Vabious
show
and old bird together*
(H. H. B.). You can
a young
unless the schedule says to the contrary. Always read a schedule
fully
careoften
for birds
classes for old birds, some
of the
some
; there are
The Antwerp's wings should not droop. As to showing
present season.
will
the schedule of the Birmingham
a singlebird,read
Show and you
A schedule of a show is your guide in such
know.
matters, we cannot be.
"

Stolen
at
Pigeon
Snaith."
Mr. O. A. Young, Middle
Street. Driffield'
He tells us that if Pigeon
had a White Pouter stolen at the Snaith Show.
REMARKS.
fanciers will subscribe and
to try the liability
of the Committee,
enable him
9th." Very fine all day,and very warm, but with a littlebreeze,
then if he recovers
from
the Committee
the value of the Pigeon,
especially
in the evening.
as
a prize at some
future show.
He
eight guineas, he will give that sum
fine day, aurora-like clouds at sunset, reachingto th"
asks our
mittee's IDth." Another
opinion ; therefore we add, that unless he could prove the Comzenith,but colourless and motionless.
negligence,we think that they are not liable for the loss.
11th." Hazy in early morning, warm
"
day, looking storm-like between 8
Missing
Pigeons."
Seeing so many
inquiries about lost birds at
and 9 p.m.
state that 1 have a pair which came
the
shows, I must
of
on
astray
day
19th.
fine
in evening.
all
breeze
Very
day,
slight
before
the Romford
the prize cock
lost. I cannot
was
hear
Poultry Show
13th." Fine, but very warm
tillthe evening, then a nice br6e2e.
here who
near
of anyone
has lost any
to have
Pigeons, but they seem
14th." Splendid clouds
after sunrise, beautiful day, and rather
soon
could describe them
private marks, so that the owner
by letter only to
cooler.
Miss
Julia
Mashiter, Priests,Romford."
[This letter would have
15th." Very fine and much
more
pleasant from its being cooler.
appeared before,but from having been improperly directed it has been
A most
a cloud to be seen,
splendid week, scarce
except those baautifol
for several days." Eds.]
travellingabout London
above
ones
mentioned, hot sun, but copious dews, and cool breezes in
Works
on
Fancy
Pigeons
{John Griin(ly).~The books that have been
the evening. G. J. Symons.
written on fancy Pigeons have not been many
barium,"
"ColumFirst, Moore's
published in 1735. This book, scarce'Iy
more
than a pamphlet
13 now
and valuable ; it is escellent,and the foundation
of all
very scarce
COVENT
GARDEN
MARKET."
August
16.
correct
Then
followed
the " Treatise
Domestic
"

"

knowledge.
Pigeons," published in 1765.
our

on

Supply
French
moderate, and a steady demand.
consignments are
work
trations
enlarged, with illusheavy, comprising Pears, Apples, Melons, Figs, Peaches, Nectarines, and
this work on
larger paper
a large quantity of which
to the northern
forwarded
and midland
are
Plums,
and superior engravings, a copy of which I have seen.
in
about
Next,
"
markets daily. Cherries are nearly over, the Morello being the only
The Complete Pigeon Fancier," by Daniel Girton, in substance
1800, came
in any bulk.
The Potato trade is heavy with large stocks.
variety now
like the two former, but enlarged. This book has illustrations.
It may
sometimes
be bought for Is. at a baokstall,being much
more
than the two former.
common
In 1802 was published a " Treatise on the
Almond
Tumbler"
the nest
book
in value
after Moore's.
only. This was
It has a picture of a standard
of that date.
Dixon's
Almond
"Dovecote
and Aviary," saw
the light in 1851. It is prettilywritten, but no
thority
auon
out of print ; its substance, with
high fancy matters
; it is now
illustrations by Harrison Weir, may
for Is.,
of
be bought
under the name
and
of
"Pigeons
Rabbits," being one
for the
Routledge's "Books
out
in
Country." Eaton's " Treatise on the Almond
Tumbler," came
1851. It is now
incorporated in his " Treatise on Pigeons," and since
the death of Mr. Eaton
is to be bought of its able illustrator,
Mr. Dean
Wolstenholme, Elizabeth Cottage, Archway Road, Highgate, price 10s.
The
"Pigeon Book," by Brent, with many
illustrations,
published at
the office of this Journal, is a practical and able work.
Tegetmeier's
"
sent out
in 1368, jH'ice,
I
Pigeons," with coloured
was
illustrations,
think, 10s. 6d. More recently the same
author has published a shilling
book on " The Homing
or
Rector.
Carrier Pigeon."" Wiltshire
of each

bird.

There

This is Moore's

is

an

edition

of

Mending
Eggs
Cracked
I have not tried adhesive postage(Marian)
but I mended
paper,
an
injured egg with goldbeater'sakin, and
succeeded in hatching a young
from it. The injury,however, must
one
not be severe, and the application muet
be prompt. W. A. Blakston.
"

stamp

"

Goldfinch
and
Canary
Mules
to be congratulated
[G. G.).~Yon are
A lady latelycomplained to me
and envied.
of having been
bored by a
savant, who talked her out of her depth into deep waters, where she
floundered
about in great tribulation.
She said she regretted so much
not being able to ask him
would
a question which
puzzle him, and I
ventured to suggest she might have
inquired if he had ever bred a clean
Mule.
There can be no doubt whatever
as
to the bird in question being
a Mule
if,as you say, you have had the hen several months, during which
time it has never
been near
a
cock
Canary, but always with a Goldfinch,
and further,had one
nest
of empty
previous to this bird being
eggs
hatched.
But are you
of all this ? Do you
attend to your
quite sure
birds entirely yourself? or do you
have that duty performed by
ever
deputy? Do you keep a stock book, in which you enter all particulars
Do you ever
concerning your birds?
change the eggs from one nest to
another without
to show that B has a nest of
making a memorandum,
five,made up of two from A, two from C, and one from G, and so on, or
do you
trust to your
?
that chubby little
And then you
know
memory
fe] ow with the wings, who is always going about with his bow and arrow,
is not particularwhere
he fires,
and it is proverbialthat ho langhs at
locksmiths.
Are you
ings
quite sure there have been no clandestine meet?
I am
not
only suggesting possibilities,
probabilities.Mistakes
will occur
in the best regulated famihes.
the bird is stillin
I presume
its nest feathers,
It
late nest, has not
a
and, if from
begun to moult.
ought to show more
Goldflnch than Canary conformation
about the beak.
If a bnfl" bird,the plumnge will be very much
whiter than in a Canary,
bufi" or
The
and, whether
ence
differyellow,will be of a different texture.
will be patent enough when
it moults.
If a cock, it will have the
"
Goldfinch
flourish " on the face,and
more
or less of tho yellow of the
Goldfinch wing. If you are disposed to gend it to me
for inspection you

POULTRY

MARKET."

August

1G.

to very
Poultry
little during the next fewquotations will amount
all tho
The
weeks.
great heat will render them very difflcuU,because
best prices will go to the neighbourhood
of London,
whouco
poultry can
too oarly when
It was
be had much
fresher than from greater distances.
to Grouse
went
to press to give any notice
we
beyond saying tho birds
are
forward, and in good condition.

OF

JOUBNAL

138

passed in review,and

HOETICUIiTUEE

one
general price decided upon for the
and embankments,
cuttings,
cuttings,
includingthe correct
at a given angle ; the outline
dressing of all slopes (batters)
m
arked
with
of every curve
being distinctly
stakes,and the
that no
depth and contents of every cutting given so clearly
The
mistake
can
occur.
angle of the slopes must depend
entirelyupon the nature of the soil,which is sometimes
so
compact, or contains so much rock,that an angle of only a few
degrees out of the perpendicularmay be safelyadopted ; but
where the soil is not very firm it is best to make
all slopes of
an
angle of 30" that is to say, at a gradientof 1 in 2, sharper
to detrition from
anglesbeing unsafe,as the soil is very subject
heavy rains or shatteringfrosts. When these slopesare made,
as in this case,
by cutting the solid earth away, they are done
with the greatestease and accuracy by firstof all removing the
soil only in a perpendicularline to the foot of the slope,and
afterwards the face of the slope can
be dressed to the required
angle; but if this is attempted to be done as the bulk of earth
is removed, a faultybatter is almost certain to be the result.
This is important, because
handsome
terially
slopes contribute ma-

side

"

AND

COTTAGE

GAEDENEB.

[ AngQst 24,1871.

in the centre, blush outside petals; Duchess of Sutherland

a few others.
"
I am
rather amused
at what
D."
says with regard to
General Jacqueminot and the Eev. W. F. Eadclyffe,
it acas
counts
for his recommending the Genfiral a few weeks
ago,
otherwise rather at a loss to understand,as I never
which I was
knew a Eose (atall events in these parts)
that was
such a universal
favourite,so that it could not in my mind be considered
I suppose
a
Mr. Eadclyffewas
neglected Eose.
making up
by his presentrecommendation, for his having given him
now,
"
before as a loose fellow. It has been, as
D." says, a
away
remarkably good year for the General, and almost the best
bloom I ever saw of it was
exhibited by Messrs. Paul at York,
and worthy of any stand of Eoses.
C. P. P.
rose

; and

"

ERYTHRINA
I

CRISTA-GALLI

CULTURE.

to call attention to the above-named

plant as being
very worthy of cultivation by gardeners generally. It is very
probable that,as the plant has been in this countrynearly a
to the appearance
of a new
road. Edwaed Luckhuest.
hundred
at one
time thought much
vated
of, and cultiyears, it was
to a much
is. It is not the
greater extent than it now
extensive
beautyof the plant alone that entitles it to more
VARIETIES
OP
THE
ROSE.
NEGLECTED
but its hardiness and ease of culture are qualificacultivation,
tions
I AM
glad " D." has again called attention to the subject
I should think, to induce all who
have not
sufficient,
of neglectedgarden Eoses.
With
nearly all thac he says I
it to give it a trial. I am
to it for
particularly
partial
grown
few exceptions,the best excan
hibition
agree, but I think,with some
conservatorydecoration;it is a noble-lookingobjectfor either
Koses
also the best garden Eoses.
Of course
are
it
iu-doors or out of doors in any part of the garden just the
would not do for an amateur, book in hand, to note down every
because
it
plant, too, that amateurs
can
grow successfully,
Boses that ocfine flower he saw exhibited,
there are many
as
casionally
thrives with littleattention.
It is a speciesof Coral Tree, has
throw up a very good bloom, which, with shading
handsome
and
with
a
nd
scarlet
foliage,
flowers,
very
ordinary
and attention,
form a great addition to a stand of Eoses, and
cultivation it blooms in August. It is a very good and suitable
yet in an ordinary way will do no good at all. Alpside de associate for Liliums at that time.
Eotalier has with me
been one
of these.
I saw
it exhibited
In some
parts of England the Erythrina is to be met with aB
several times very finelythe year it came
out, but I have never
a border
and after flowering,
plantgrowing in common
garden soil,
bloom
of
the least
cut a
it in my own
garden that gave me
and when the wood is ripened off,which is in autumn, the
pleasure,and nine blooms out of ten have been worth nothing shoots
to the ground, and the old stool or roots
cut down
are
that is shown
at all. But I believe,
as
a generalrule, the Bose
slightlyprotectedduring winter. This, however, is not the
oftenest and in best condition at exhibitions is also the best
wisest treatment
to adopt,for if the winter prove very wet, or
for garden purposes.
Take, for instance,Charles L"febvre,
frost occur, the roots are
severe
considerablyinjured,and the
John Hopper, Ls France, Bironess
Bothschild,Alfred Colomb,
throws
plant
up weak and unhealthy shoots in consequence.
"o. ; these will give infinitely
more
pleasureto a Eose-grower
is
the
in
to
My plan
plants
pots, and give them the progrow
tection
than any number
of Barouue
Prevost or Duchess
of Norfolk.
the winter's frost is excluded,and
of a pit from which
I cannot, either,quite agree with my friend "D."
ing
in thinkafter they start into growth,and fine spring weather sets in,the
Cficile de ChabriUant
the model
as
doubtedly,
to shape. It is,unpots may be plunged along the south side of a wall. Afterwards,
of a beautiful shape, but I prefer both Marie
Bauwhen
suitable weather
arrives,the plants may stand in the
mannand
Alfred Colomb.
Ccmtesse
C. de ChabriUant
does not
They
open ground, at all times to be well suppliedwith water.
show
enough of the inner colour of the petals,which in nine
stool
considerable
of room
amount
require a
; a moderate-sized
Eoses out of ten is the finest colour.
It is in this point that
will throw up shoots sufficient to produce a plant 5 feet high
such Eoses as Alfred Colomb, Marie Baumann, Madame
Caillat, and as much in diameter.
Staking must not be neglected.
and Charles Lefebvre
have to my
the advantage, that
mind
I have tried several mixtures
of soils in which to grow the
in unfolding the outer petals,
while there are stilla high centre
suitable as rich turfyloam and very
so
plant,but find none
and circular outline left,tbey show the full depth of colour of
rotten farmyard manure
in equal proportions. I usuallypull
the inner petals. I remember, when
at Manchester, a great
the loam to pieceswith the hand, and mix sand with it if it is
Centifolia rosea, on
Eose-grower admiring a three-parts-open
and rub it to pieces,
I then take the manure
a heavy loam.
of its circular and shell-shapedpetals,
account
than a
more
it,and well mix that
sittinga littlequicklime and soot over
grand bloom of Baroness Eothschild in the same
box, which
with the hand.
Such a
I finallywell incorporate the two.
showed the full satinydepths of its petals,and yet was stilla
and healthy
mixture will produce a vigorousgrowth, handsome
model
of form.
Opinions,consequently,will always differ as
f
lowers.
and highly-coloured
foliage,
of form, and I have ventured
to the best models
to question
shoots when
Plants are raised from cuttingsof the young
"
D.'s " opinion in order to elicit the opinions of others.
into
about 2 inches long,or the floweringshoots may be made
Is not Madame
Yidot quite as fine in its way as Cficile de
cuttings. In either case bottom heat will assist them, with a
ChabriUant ?
I once
saw
a grand display
or
hand-lightover them.
Eugene Appert is decidedlya fine-coloured Eose, with very bell-glass
about four dozen largeplantsbeing arranged
of this Erythrina,
but with me Duke of Wellington is even
finer in
healthyfoliage,
of
vineries.
The
the
of
a
front
pots were plunged
along
range
Colonel de Eougemont is a better flower
that shade of colour.
The plantswere
form
uniin the border by the side of the walk.
than Baronne
Provost,but a bad grower, and in this respect
in height and size,and reallylooked very fine. These
the Baronne
has much
the advantage. I quite agree in all he
of this really
handsome
and
a lastingremembrance
gave me
says in praise of Fisher Holmes
; it is very fine in point of
beautiful plant. Thomas Eecokd.
colour,and a healthy grower, and, if disbudded,an exhibition
Eose.
Prince Leon is certainly
an
exquisite-shaped
Eose, but
so seldom
caught,and so weak a grower that it is hardly worlh
CUCUMBER
DISEASE.
retainingin an amateur's garden ; it is,in fact,only a Eose
for the last six years, but not till
I HAVE
for exhibitors to bud for the sake of gettingan
occasional
grown Cucumbers
I have always
this year have I had what I call full success.
bloom
to help out a stand.
Comte
de Nanteuil
and M. de
them in peat,turf,and other lightsoils,and have been
Montigny are two Eoses as fine as any grown, and ought never
grown
but this year 1 determined
troubled with disease in the fruit,
to be discarded from the garden. Jean Cberpin is fine in
to try another soil,
and composed it as follows :" Part of an old
colour,but with me burns with the least approach to sun, so
manure
fresh horse dung, and
Cucumber
bed, pig manure,
that,as in the caee of Monsieur Boncenne, I hardlyget a bloom
from a sewage
fit to gather. " B." has omitted a few I should like to add, as
well,the latter being the principalpart. The
The
La Brillante,
I grew was
'Telegraph.
plants began to
a very smooth-petalled variety which
good habit,free-blooming,
Ease ; Madame
Kuorr, also a very free-bloomingEose, deep bear at the beginning of March, I have cut an abundance of
WISH

"

"

"

OP

JOUBNAL

August 24,1871. ]

still bearing,though not so freely.The

from 18 to 26 inches in length,and has not
I onlywater once
exhibited a vestigeof any kind of disease.
a-day,and that about 7 p.m.
I leave it in abler hands than mine to find whether
lightsoils
but I intend to grow my
have anything to do with the disease,

fruit,and

they are

fruit has

been

plantsin stiffsoilfor

the future.

wonder the Romans

and Greeks held the

daintydish,fit to please the

Cabbage

in

high

palate of queen,
to tire of it.
ever
peasant,and no person seems
emperor,
This is the case with but few other garden vegetables. Reader,
but hold
too lavish in my praises,
you may smile and say I am
If
the salt ocean.
until you have made
a voyage
or
two across
it will be easy to convince
such voyages
you
you have made
No
that there is not a vegetablegrown
for.
so fondlylonged
matter what port a vessel may cast anchor in.Cabbage is the
esteem

; it is a
or

only vegetableinquired for by

class specially.
Who

that has
it would

ever

seen

the

all

on

board, and

parent

Brassica

the

by

senger
pas-

oleraeea could

so
forms and variations ?
many
in the Isle of Sheppey. 1 had been
saw
was
trees around the fortifications at Sheerness,and
plantingsome
I found
took an evening walk by the hanks
of the Medway.
this Brassica growing in a corn
field close to the banks of the

imagine
The

last time

ever

assume

it

river,and I found wild Celerygrowing very abundantly in a

trench quiteconvenient.
Let us now
take a glanceat the sorts the farmer and cottager
I would
advise the
plant viz.,York and Drumhead.
chiefly
it exbausis
the soil so
to plant Drumhead;
cottager never
much, that where a crop of it is grown, no matter how you
may
manure,
you cannot get a moderate-sized
crop of Potatoes
off the same
afterwards, and as an article
plotfor two seasons
of food I hold it to be far inferior to the York Cabbage. It
cannot have nearly the muscle-producingproperties,
nor
tain
conthe gum,
sugar, and gluten that the York does,but the
"

Drumhead

contains
more
it cooked.

water, as is evident to any person

It is quite a mistake for either the
the gentleman's gardener to plant such a robber of

who has

seen

in suitablesoil. In such a placeit succeeds well,and

years
my experiencegoes it is quite hardy. Some
planted some
out,and one of them showed upwards of
the
time during
at one
past
twenty fally-expandedblooms
and
others in bud
with some
some
going off. The
season,
far
ago I

as

as

and thick,did not requirea stake, although

old Rhododendron
site was
feet high. The
an
have been fnll of the roots of these plants,as
bed, which must
which
well as of those of a large Elm
tree growing near,
has shown
oocnpy the whole length of the bed ; yet the plant
of
the robust health necessary
to perfectthe above number
fully-grownflowers. I would, therefore,
say to those who often

stem, being stout

fully6

was

complain of losing their bulbs when kept in pots.

quantityout of doors ; they are less liable to mishaps
strongly. J. Robson.
then, and in generalbloom much more
have

to

Plant

"

have two crops of York to one

of Drumhead
you can
lines to the one, and two plantsto the one.
Then look to the sproutingproperties
We have
of the York.
that we
can
(supposingwe do not allow sprouting)
justseen
dozen heads of the York Cabbage to the one of
grow about one
Drumhead.
much
exhausts
the
soil
it
to
Theory says
very
allow sprouting to take place. Have
the theorists who
have
written so taken into consideration
the amount
of food and
nourishment
pared
one
sort of Cabbage derives from the air as com-

No. 5.

DEVON."

SOUTH

OF

BIT

find it very hot at Torquay," is a sentence, half query

I
half assertion,
made
in a letter received a few days since.
"
Ah ! you are findingit out,"
replied," Yes, it is very hot."
"
found
It
is
was,
the rejoinder. And
was
my sur-rejoinder
' We
sha'n't bear
A letter from Brighton tells,
out elsewhere.
'
We
letter
from
it many
A
says,
Chippenham
days longer.'
are
melting.' (Ihope the writer will not become a largegrease
It
A letter from Scarborough says,
and heap of
You

"

'

bones).

spot

the metropolis
is at midday like a furnace ;' and a letter from
concludes
my bulletins of temperature the writer,evidently
this sentence,
note
with
his
brief
in extremis, concluding
very
London
is stewing hot ; the Venetians are down, yet I sit
course
I adopted another
proceeded
oozing at every pore.'"
to Totness, that quaintold town, so old that the stone is shown
"

'

"

which

on

of

Brutus
"

the

Troy

sat and

uttered

the

rhyme

"

Here I stnnd and here I rest.

And this town shall be called Totness."

stay probablyyour readers will not either to inquire

of the legend, but I placed myself under
credibility
about to thread its way
awning of the steamer Neweomen

I did not
as to the

down

"

"

apostrophised

thus

the stream
"

cottagercr
for
the soil,
; two

139

of doors

it

Leaenee.

OLERACEA.

BRASSICA
No

"

GARDENER.

COTTAGE

AND

HOBTICULTUEE

"

River Dart ! oh ! river Dart !

Every year thou claim'st a heart."

ings,
drownto allude to the numerous
rhyme is said by some
tainly
and by others to its captivating
beauty. Parts of it certhe
called
it
has
been
English
a
nd
are very beautiful,
is
The
far
is
no
Wye
which
in
praise.
Rhine,"
my opinion
deservingthe
continuouslybeautiful,
beautiful,and more
more
highestpraiae-name of " the British Moselle."
The

"

I should

have

to wander

liked

for hours

in the

woods

of

Sharpham, which have their lowest branches dipping in the

to another ? 1 think they have not ; and it is a subject Dart, and denselyclothe the stetphillside. One of those trees
that would
be well worth testing. I hold,and many
practical is a Wyoh Elm, said to be the largestin England. Mr. Pender,
The tree
residence of T. Darant, Esq., says,
humble gardenerslike me
affirm,that the Cabbage which produces gardener at this
"

sprouts is the sort that robs the soil much

no

more

than

the sprouting kinds do,particularly

the York.
You will often
find a plot from which
a
Cabbage has been
crop of the York
taken,but the stocks left sprouting; you will find them loaded
with the most delicious sprouts, and
when
you pull up the
stock you

will actuallyfind it in a
slightestparticleof clay attached

state of

decay,without

the

of its
of 400 feet in circumference
; some
branches,in a horizontal line from the stock of the tree, are
16
feet
the
the
stock
of
of
tree,
; and
80 feet ; circumference
9 feet in circumference.
measure
of the large branches
some
drive through
Some of the branches which hang over the carriage
the
the park are supported with huge props, while others on
stands

on

an

area

side are lyingon the ground."

to any fibre. Well, let us
opposite
abounds
in the fruiterers and market here, known
take up and examine
A Plum
the roots of the Drumhead
or
ing
non-sprout"
it,
Disham."
I spellit as the Devonians
pronounce
as the
kinds,and what do we see ? a largeball of earth attached
to
to the roots
and might have acceptedthe allegedderivation of the name
to lift. To bring the soil into
enough for a man
condition again is almost like reclaiming that of a forest of be "cause
it's only good in the pie-dish."I was exasperated
who
would stand between
Ash trees,so exhausted
the steamer
on
would
is it. Vegetable physiologists
by a tat old woman
she said
as
and the landscape,but forgave her so soon
me
enlighten gardeners very much
of
by stating the number
"
Btomales in a eqaare inch of each of the foregoingvarieties,
our
pie and preservingPlum
That's Dittisham
to
; that's whence
let the gardening world see their action as
All those trees you see, and in every cottage
from.
sphere
the atmocomes
"

regards

and

soil ; and

chemists

the propertiesof different

food ; for in the midst
of
fat-producing
cordon
our
our
restrictive and extension systems of
training,
Tine culture,and our
blaze of bedding.Cabbage, the chief of
the vegetables,
should not be neglectednor
forgotten. J, McD.

varietiesas muscle

or

"

LILIUM
Notwithstanding

AURATUM.

the great success

and
we
now
of in the floweringof this capriciousplant,certain

then

hear

So I inquiredfurther,
trees."
Plum
are
are
some,
find that the oldest man
livingremembers trees that were
he was
a
boy ; and on obtaining specimens of
very old when
a name
known
as the Victoria,
I think that it is now
the Plum
which ought not to have been applied,for it has been known
"
Plum."
with
Alderton
the
Why
Sussex
as
in
for centuries
soft
"A
with "soft?"
is "Plum"
Devonians
synonymous

garden there
and

bed"
On

with them
we

is

glidedto

"

our

Plum

bed."

voyage'sconclusion Dartmouth, native

vessel
our
of the steam engine,after whom
"

it is there
town of the inventor
I had been at Dartmouth
named.
previously,
is appropriately
and instead of the bulbs multiplyingin the
are many
failures,
Pig trees in the gardens and
and in strolls noticed standard
the
There
is one
reverse.
grower's hands,they often do exactly
fruit annually,
the
first-named
where
in
ripen
in
which
they
I
think
Lilium
be
auratum
more
hedgerows,
safely
way
may
is that in
depended on for doing well,and that is when it is planted out and in the hedgerows occaBionally.The peculiarity

uo

TOTJBNAL

South

Davon
orchard

OF

HOETICULTURE

AND

this is

for there
so general,
not that it is peculiar,
Fig trees at Tarring, near Arundel, in Sussex.
It is peculiar,however, to Devonians
that they call Baisins
Figs. With them a Plum pudding is " a figgypudding,"and
theyhave this nursery rhyme
is

an

of

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

[ Angust 21,1871.

Now
for " a few " breakfast,
and then off for Coombe
Boyal,
but before closing I need add that " few
is the Devonian
for " little."" G.
"

"

"

When

I brew

I'llgive you

and
a

when

DOUBLE

I bake

figgycake."

This application
of the name
of one of their own
fruits to one
of foreigngrowth, merely because
they are alike sweet and
have their seeds inside, is only a singleinstance out of many
instances of their adoption of terms from their favourite pursuit,
gardening. One more
only will I quote, told me in reply
sailor
to a query why a
no
longer escorted a Torquay damsel,
"
Oh ! she 's given him Turnips." Let me
tell a tale of warning
to others
who
write "Bits"
about
Devon.
Mr.
may
Saunders, host of the Devon Arms in this cityof villas,has
harvested this season
a noble crop of White
Spanish Onions,
He grew 350 lbs. in
averaging 17 inches in circumference.
two-thirds
of a yard of ground," said our
informant.
weight on
"Dear
me!"
said an
old gentleman from
Cheapside,"they
must have grown a-top of one
another !
a
By
yard of land
informant
what is elsewhere
meant
our
called a pole or perch,
and Mr. Saunders's
Onions were
on
a bed 35 feet long
grown
and 5 feet wide.
have
I
spoken of gardening as a favourite pursuit of the
Devonians, and the evidence is everywhere. Each villa is set
like a jewelin a garnitureof gardening. Every cottagein every
lane has flowers on and around
it and what lanes are they !
banks 6 feet high, not 8 feet apart, clothed densely with Ferns
and wild flowers,crested with Nut
arched
trees, and thickly overwith the noblest of Beeches, Elms, and Oaks.
A fine
the
in
lanes
is
summer
a luxury
evening'swandering
Cockington
never
to be forgotten so beautiful,
so refreshing,
so
cool,though
not so cool as Kent's Hole, that storeplaceof records for the
"

"

LILIUM

"

"

LARGE

TIGRINUM"

ANTHQKIUM

SCHERZERIANUM,

I HAVE
sent
you a flower of Lilium
tigrinum flore-pleno,
which is really
as
uncommon
yet,and from its value and beauty
deserves attention as a
very fine addition to our Lilies. The
flower sent is from a small bulb in a pot,which
under
this
condition is most
cultivated out
beautiful,and I expect when
of doors it will prove
itself still more
We
have several
so.
pots of this Lily in flower just now, and some
have
of them
been open three weeks, and are stillbeautiful.
I have also sent
varietyof Anthurium
you a flower of our
the spathe of which is 6 inches long ; but this
Soherzerianum,
is not the longest,one
of recent
formation is nearly 7 inches
long. The flower sent opened up last April,which shows the
value of this splendidplant in all its varieties. The remainder
of the flower-stem of the variety sent, which I have not put in
the box, from want of
space, is 17 inches long. H. E.
"

[Both of these are very beautiful indeed, the Anthurium

marvellously so ; this is the finest spathe of Anthurium, and
the Lilium is the most double,we have ever seen.
Ens.]
"

"

"

THE

SOIL

SUPPLY

GARDENS.

OF

the water supply of gardens,and

the very important
on
now
we
propose to offer a few remarks
of
the
soil
of
question
supply
gardens. It need not be said
rank of the very first and highest
that these twin elements
importance in nearly all the operations of the horticulturist.
quately
Destitute of them, he might give up his occupation; inadesupplied with them, he is almost as badly off as the
without
bricks
Egyptians when called up to render their tale of
It is on the plentiful
a supply of straw.
supply of water, and
We

recentlycommented

on

anthropologists.The temperature there never

varies,it is 52"
Let that vagrant bit remain,
day and night all the year round.
I
for
will at once
return to the love-of-gardening
evidence by
adding that little market gardens and vast orchards crop out
of which are unknown
soil of certain qualities,
than anything else, that the
more
everywhere market gardens,the owners
vicinities. I travelled on
character of garden produce depends. At least all other appliances,
to Berry
beyond their immediate
in the
Head ; and there at some
300 feet above the sea's level,
however
and on
correctlyhandled, cannot insure success
that furthest narrow
absence of good water and soils.
promontory of Devon, I was brought to a
instances to put np with much
Gardeners
have in numerous
pause by a board inscribed, Cann, Nurseryman and Florist,"
and there within walled enclosures were
with their
connected
of fruits,
acres
flowers, that is most trying and unreasonable
It would be as
and kitchen-gardenstuff.
supply of soils for pottingand other purposes.
with the Helireasonable to expect the farm steward to send prime sirloins to
Berry Head will be afsociated in my memory
anthemum
without supplying him
for there for the firsttime I found that
to a cattle show
the larder or fat oxen
polifolium,
white Bock
Rose ; there grows
rare
also the Trinia vulgaris, with plenty of proper food to feed them with, as it is to expect
Honewort.
01 other not-common
plants I noticed but few. the gardener to produce first-rate plants and fruits without a
Crambe
maritima. Sea-kale, on Sbapton Sands, I notice chiefly proper supply of soil. Fortunately for the farmer, he can
quire,
rebecause it was
thence Mr. Curtis obtained the plantsfrom which
manufacture
or
grow the greater portionof what his oxen
and
he introduced
it into our
kitchen
manufacture
but gardeners cannot
turfyloam
gardens in 1795. On the
Paignton Sands is Erodium
and
or gentleman ever
expects the farm
maritimum, Sea Storksbill,
fibrypeat." No nobleman
the banks near
on
is Tamarix
anglice,English Tamarisk, the to produce prizeanimals on dry bents or chaff,and yet such an
add such grace to bouquets. I know
of no
sprays of which
expectationwould only equal in absurditythe expectationthat
road
other placesthan Babbicome
be reared on
Downs
and Daddjhole Plain near
fine Pine Apples and other pot plants can
here where the Bupleurnm aristatum,Narrow-leaved
Hare's-ear, scrapings,or clay,or any other composts equallyunsuitable to
is found in England. Of Fprns, Stewart states that the Maidenhair,
the best cultural results. That policywhich compels gardeners
Adiantum
Veneris, is to be found in some
Capillusvices
crejust to take any sort of soil that they can get, and prohibits
of wet rocks at Mudstone
Brixham
them from taking a supply of that which is proper, is not only
Bay, near
; the Tunbut a short-sightedpolicy on the part of the
bridgeFilmy Fern, Hjmenophyllum tunbridgense,atBickleigh an unreasonable
Vale and Eeckej Full, and at the place last named
the Hjmegardeners connected with large
employers. We have known
landed estates obligedto take road scrapingsto pot with, and
nophyllum unilaterale. At Holne Chase, about twelve miles
from Torquay, Mr. Stewart says,
I have gathered fronds of to pot their Pines in claymixed with chopped straw and leaves,
Osmunda
while plentyof good loam could be had in the nearest meadows.
regaliswhich measured
10, 12, and 13 feet." The
which
Adder'E-tongue,Ophioglossum vulgatum, is found about the Not only is this a stupid policy,but the apprehensions
Torre Abbey pastures.
thus to refuse proper soil are entirelydelusive
lead proprietors
allow
the
I have just alluded to the orchards, and I will add that
gardener to
and without foundation.
They will not
the "hairy"
break into the meadow, because
they would puzzle, astonish,and horrifyeven
they fear that by so doing
Even
of yon two
old Gooseberries."
their lands will be sadly and permanently deteriorated.
They would puzzle,because
he would
thousands
of orchards, if he offers to replace it with a richer and better grass-proof trees in thousands
see
ducing
oases
all differingand all nameless, because
seedlings. The pips
soil,the offer is seldom reassuring,and in some
We
were
and are sown
are
not now
supposing
wholesale,and the products are ungrafted. not entertained for a moment.
"

"

"

"

"

"

"

He

would

be

astonished

and size of
of the numbers
each side of each
occur
on
I regret to hear that they
bear on
the average this year less than half a crop, for this
is the birth-districtof the best cider. He would
be horrified
by the total defiance or ignorance of all fruit-culture evinced.
Trees with crowded
branches
and crowded
togetherare everywhere,
and I have not Eeen
one
orchard
cared for that I
so
"
That
could justly
orchardist
deserves
a
say,
crop."
because

orchards,all of Apple trees,that

lane for miles around
Torquay.

for the sake of

cases

purpose.

Indeed,

largeproportionof gardenerscan
experience what we are stating.
that

we

venture

endorse

from

to assume

their own

driven, as the saying

held a situation where we were
At last,
wits' end " for want of soil to pot with.
after a sort of specialpleading,and a controversion of the ideas
the
his
lieutenant
of the proprietor and always,in this battle,
statements in
obtained to test our
farm bailiff permission was
Of course, it was not expected
of an old meadow.
the corner
We

is, "

once

to

our

"

"

August 24, 1871. ].

OP

JOUBNAL

HORTIOULTORE

AND

Ul

GARDENEB.

COTTAGE

The
would last several years.
of vegetable matter
of ua that we could sabBtantiate the assertion that the produce, stratum
decay being very gradual,there would be a continual supplyo!
and consequently the value, of the patch would be increased
A3
the contrary, the performance carbonic acid in solution with water to the plants above.
instead of deteriorated.
On
especially might be supposed, the superstratum of 18 inches of earth
was
regarded as a pieceof impudent robbery, more
found
be
examined
will
and
if
becomes
thoroughly drained,
not expected to know
as gardeners are
anything of farming or
that Strawberries
I have observed
to be fall of rootlets,and
plete.
comHow
was
meadows.
can
they ? However, our success
in ground cultivated in this manner
not only acquirea
The yieldof hay was nearlydoubled,and in the autumn
grown
but do not flagin hot and dry
size and very fine flavour,
the grass was
green and sweet, resorted to by cattle and sheep large
weather.
The
issue
IE
preferenceto any other part of the meadow.
than trenching,it is infinitely
This operation costs rather more
that a regular supply was
was
granted so long as the bargain

implemented in
Simply first to mow

was

the

same

way.

And

what

was

the process?

the grass, then to

closelyas possible
skin off the turf as thinly as it would
hang together and bear
"handling. Then the 3 inches of soil lyingimmediately under"neath the thin skin,and which contaioed the roots of the grass,
filled up with old
taken for the garden. The
was
spice was
about most
such as is not ve^y diffioult to procure
rich soil,
at
least
most
gardenerswill be glad to
garden establishments;
provide such, by hook or by crook,to exchange for maiden
The
rolled down
surface was
ioam.
firmly,turfed over with
the same
turf, and well rolled again; the soil exchanged,
richer than the loam, yieldingnot only better but
being much
earlier grass, while it was
utterlyunfit for the pottingbench.
The result was, a grant of as much
soil yearlyas was
required.
Of course, it would have been much
less,
better,and quiteas harmto have
taken the turf ; but we ran
risk of committing
no
ourselves; and every gardener knows what a boon it is to get
that which lies immediately below the thin skin of turf,
"ven
instead of being compelled to work with any rubbish he could
otherwise
not even
a season's
scrape together. By this method
sward
is sacrificed ; but if the turf ba taken,and the ground
properly laid down firmly,and sown
thicklywith permanent
grasses, and fenced round for a few months, it is difficult at the
where
to know
"close of the season, except by close inspection,
the turf has been removed, unless it be by the rich verdure of
as

the spot.
This questionis one of vast moment
to successful culture ;
"and we feel confident that if many
who, under an absurd dream,
there would
to submit
to one
deny such a supply,were
trial,
not

in the

"each season.
from

end

be any
And
we

the

take the requisiteamount

certain that many
a just complaint
avoided,and the produce of the

objectionsto
are

gardener would
.g"rdenvastlyimproved.

be

and, as it lasts several years, the cost per annum

better,
be very trifling.Probably this woody matter should not
but I should think there would
be thicker than the littlefinger,
be no fear of mycelium. If it be necessary to hasten the decay
the surface of the soil
of this vegetablelayer,a littlelime on
would
form lime water, and finding its way downwards
soon
would

thus effect the

SHRUB

object.
"

BEDDING

Oesekvee.

veksus

BEDDING.

FLOWER

when
the
arrived at that period of the season
either good or otherwise,of present arrangements and
effect,
be taken into account,
combinations
in the flower ground can
As

and

we

have

propagationand preparationof next year'ssupply of

stuff are
being cared for, we purpose saying a few
with regard to an
aspect of the bedding system that

the

bedding

words
should
we

attended to than it is. We allude

like to see
more
to what may
be provisionally
termed, shrub bedding. Instead
of the custom
which
at present almost
generallyprevailsof
with
filling
every bed in the flower or dressed ground solely
their usual giy but tender and ephemeral occupants,we strongly
made
the
beds
advocate
a
fair proportion of
objectsof
being
of
with happy combinations
them
perennialbeauty,by filling

shrubs,by
hardwooded, hardy, low-growing,persistent-foliaged
be produced
the judicious
and tasteful use of which effects can
lastingthan can be had from
quite as pleasing and far more
the present system of flower-bedding
only.
In the different beautiful varieties of Ivy, which are now
varied and effective
the
material
for
most
have
w
e
available,
beds.
Of the common
and variegatedHollies the same
may
be

said.

Tbe

many

varieties of

low-growingConiferse

afford

subjectsadmirably adapted and easilyavailable for the purpose.

such simple
We have seen
very tellingbeds formed by
While
thus pointout the groundlessnessof the idea that
we
of
centre
mass
the
for
a
combinations
Savin
the variegated
as
gardeners would deteriorate the value of grass land by the bed, and its Tamarisk-leaved
varietyfor a marginal belt.
it is but righton the part of gardenprocess we have described,
A bed of tbe
edged with the Tamarisk
golden Thuja aurea
as
"srs to be as
with soil so obtained
sparing and economical
Savin, or vice versa, is very effective. For settingin a belt
possible,and not to break into fields more
extensivelythan is of contrastingcolour, miniature
plants of the golden Thuja
absolutelynecessary ; for we admit the process does create an
would
be admirably adapted. Cupressus Lawsoni, which
is
the
for a short time.
We have known
"yesore and disturbance
would make
most
a good central
the
of
of
use
the"knife,
patient
Joam
shaken
Bean
from old Pine plants,French
pots, from
mass
in a comparatively raised bed, which
might be belted
Melon
and Cucumber
pits,made no farther use of, bat either with a glaucous zone
of Savin looped at intervals with Thuja
wheeled
into an
quarter of the garden or to the waste
open
little Janiperus ericoides.
Heath-like
aurea, or the common
lieap,while it might perfectlywell have been made use of for The mention of Heath reminds us of a spot where just now
a
such
as
mixing up for pottingand boxing beU of the common
many
purposes
Heath
forms one
of the
Ling or Broom
(flowergarden plants. Heaps of good soil are often collected
most
to
a
and
refreshing-lookingmargins possible
greenest
with other rubbish
under potting benches,and then taken to
American
shrub
bed.
peat
Many of tbe lovely evergreen
the waste heap. All such ought to be sifted,and the good soil
The
shrubs
suited for our
neat little
well
are
purpose.
separated from the other matter, and a place set apart for Pernettyas,
with their tidy foliage,
prettylittlewhite flowers,
forming all soils collected in this way into a heap that can be succeeded
berries,
may
by rich trusses of beautif ally-coloured
all gardeners are
profitablyused in many
ways, with which
the
be used with good effect. In the way of variegatedfoliage,
Hundreds
conversant.
what some
would be glad to use
refuse, shrub-bedder has material that can
flowerrival
the
fully
and in refusing,
on
and drawing too greedilyand injadioiously
bedders' Golden
Cbain, Mrs. Pollock,Flower of the Day, and
^resh supplies,
are
to some
extent perpetuating the tenacity other
popular bedding Pelargoniums, in such never-dying,
with which so many
of land refuse their gardeners fresh
owners
beautiful subjectsas the golden
and persistently
frost-defying,
aupplies."(r/wGardener.)
and
other variously-tinted
Ivies,Euonymns
crimson, and
t
he
white
creepingE. radicans, hhamnus
japonicusvariegatus,
far
from
and
AlaternuB
least,that
last,
though
variegatus,
DECOMPOSITION
COMBUSTION.
versus
and
most
recent
perhaps greatestacquisitionof any, the
At this time there is to be seen
in the kitchen garden a large beautiful
Farmers'
(Irish
golden variegatedCoprosma Baueri.
heap, consistingof many cartloads of vegetablerefuse, such
Gazette.)
as
hedge and Laurel clippings,old Strawberry plants, and
of fruit trees of various sorts,the whole of which will
"outtings
Mk.
At the sale of these,which was
Etjckee's Okohids.
be shortlyburied at a depth of 18 inches below the surface of
continued on the 9th,22ad, and 23rd inst.,Mr. Stevens realised
thfl earth.
This vegetablerefuse will form a stratum
6 inches
the followingamounts
of the specimens viz.,for
for some
thick,and will be well trodden in before the 18 inches of earth
Pleione maculata, "7 ; P. Walliohiana,"5 5s. ; P. hnmilis, "6 6s. ;
are
placed over it. From an experiment I made last year I
"8 10s. ; A. vireus,Kenrick'a
Aerides
affine,Loddiges' old variety,
iiave come
to the conclusion
that this is the most economical
"5 ; A. Lobbi, "5 10s. ;
fine specimen,"5 15s. ; A. Larpentee,
variety,
mode
of disposing
of all vegetablerefuse.
The product of the
A. Fieldingii,
fine
a very
tbirtyleaves,"15 ; A. rubrnm, "5 ;
specimen,
"large
heap in the garden, if burnt,might be a few bushels of A. Schroederi,
fine plant,"6 10s. ; CattleyaKeiehenheimi, "17 10s. ;
ashes,worth 5d. the bushel,the effect of which would only C. exoniensig,
Sion House, "6 ; C. SchUleriana,
"12 ; C. labiata var.
iast one season, whereas
the effectof a well-trodden-in 6-inch magnificent
fine specimen.
specimen,"19 19s. ; C. ametbjstoglossa,
"

"

"

"

JOUBNAL

142

OF

HOKTICULXUBE

AND

COTTAGE

[ Angust 24, 1871.

GAEDENEB.

It is,rather, a native of Australia.

Clianthus puniceusis the
"S 10s. ; C. superba,"6 10s. ; Lrelia anceps DawLeopold!,
maf^nificent
is Kohai
BarkeriaDa, "S Ss. ; L. elegans,
; L. anceps
men, true Glory Pea of New Zealand, and its native name
speciL.
L.
"7
elegans Wolstenholmire, ngutukaka, or Parrot's Bill. Its magnificent festoons of bloselegans Turneri,
;
;
som
fine plant,
10s. ; PhalcTnopsis
"5
Scliilleriana,"5 ; P. grandiflora,
north
and
to be seen
are
south.
As far back as IS-tS I
"7 10s. ; P. grandiflora,
nice plant,
"5 IDs. ; P. amatilis,fine plant,
had
satisfaction
sent seed to England, and on
return
the
my
"7 10s. ; Epiclendrnmvitellinnm and vitellinnm majus, "6 10s. and
of seeingit in full bloom
upon a south wall of a house, where
of wliicliit is
"5 10s.,fine specimens in flower ; Oncidinm
Kogersii,
it remained
it to be hardy,and certainly
several
proving
years,
said there are
only four plants in Enrope, a pieceof the original
I conBider that it requiresmerely
not an annual nor
biennial.
"12 ; CypripediumHarrisianum, "5 lOs. ; C. Yeitchii,"7 and
plant,
needed
care
by a Tea Bose to keep it throughour
"10 ; Vanda tricolor, the ordinary
"5, fine plants; C. villosnm,estra fine specimen,
1 variety,
Bucker's.No.
very fine,"6; Y. Lowii, magnificentspecimen, winter.
fine plant,
Clianthus Dampieri is much
"6 10s. ; Miltonia
"20 ; V. cffirulea,
Candida major,
given to red spider,and should
fine plant,"13 13s. ; Masdevallia
coccinea,"10 10s. ; Odontoglossum be grown quickly. Its flower is similar in shape, but different
"5
fine
15s. ; 0. pnlchellum,
na?venm
majus,"6 10s. and
specimen, in colour,to that of C. puniceus. G. E.
"12
10s. ; O. Phalffinopsis,
crassisplendidmass, "7 ; Dendrobinm
node, "6 6s. ; D. Schroederi,fine plant,true, "12 12s. ; D. thyrsi"73
C.
iiorum, "12; Cymbidium eburnenm,
10s.;
Mastersii,fine
ROSES.
TEA
showing flower,"6 10s. ; Angrascnm sesspecimen,first-ratevariety,
It is common
fine specimen,"5
5s. ; Sobralia macrantha
to suppose that the Tea Bose is hard to grow.
(Wcolley's
qnipedale,
filiforme,magnificent True that it may requirea little extra care in winter, but you
variety),
very rare, "5 10s. ; Dendroehilium
Out of
specimen,"1S 10s. ; Saccolabinm gnttatum, fine plant,"10 10s.
rest comparatively happy during the summer.
may
three hundred
plants,during the past winter I did not lose one,
I have been
although they were
planted close to the water.
; C.

"5

soni, "6

"20

"

AUTUMNAL-

FLOWERING

CROCUS.

The

of the flower
Crocus,as one of the eaiiieet ornamenta
garden, is nciversallyadmired, and, indeed, for neat, dwarf,
and compact growth, and varied shades of colour.Crocuses are
unequalled for margins or edges of flower beds or borders.
They are among the first flowers that remind us of spring,but
the automn-flowering kinds have no
such reviving influence.
They tell of coming gloom, wet, snow, frost,dreary winter with
its storms

driven frantic all the summer

with every form of disease among
the Perpetuals aphis,mildew, rust, and now
they look most
"

ghastlyspecimens

without
leaf. My Teas, however, have
a
"
not known
ache or a pain." They are now, and have been
an
all the season, in full health and vigour. I have been most
successful in my showing this year, and I am
I owe
it all
sure
convinced
that it has
to having plenty of Teas to cut.
I am
been the fair face of Niphetos, the delicate shading of Bubens,
Souvenir
d'Elise,and Madame
Eravy shining out amidst the

blasts. Should we value them

less for that ?
colours of Charles Lefebvre
and Duke
of Edinburgh
flowers are plentiful,
is true, at a time when
if glorious
that have won
their way to the judicialheart,and caused the
of
blazes
presenting
indeed,we may so teim
scarlet,yellow,and blue,retwenty-four or twelve, in premy
about half a dozen speciesof plants,which
all premier prize to rest on
are
feience to much
brilliant stands on
larger and perhaps more
But there is pleawe
want as regards their profusionof bloom.
sure
and
left.
right
my
in variety,
that no repetition
effect. I think
can
a charm
I
the 81h inst.,
at
show
at
was
a
on
present
Glastonbury
there is something very refreshingin autumn-floweringplants.
and there I saw the Tea Bose in its fullest glory. Mr. Pavitt,
They seem to revive,to give lifeand hope in the decliningyear.
of Bose Cottage,Eathwick, Bath, displayedsix stands containing
of beauty,
Springing-up close to plants that have been a mass
hundred
blooms
A more
of Teas.
one
lovelysightI never
in beauty they give to Nature beauty even
they are enhanced
The
cut-flower
the
tent
saw.
injaday was intensely hot,
in her decay.
The
giants in
placed in the full glare of the sun.
diciously
Autumn-flowering Crocuses differ from those which bloom
Mr. Keynes'sprizetwenty-fourthrees looked hot and drooping,
early in the spring,for,like the autumn-flowering Cyclamen,
their colour could not stand such a roasting.
The Perpetual
the flowers appear
before the leaves.
These
plants grow in
season
was
past," " The wrong time of year for showing Boses,"'
the dull autumn
and winter months
; in fact,all their growth
words.
doubt
but
the apologetic
were
True, no
yet that we
;
is made
coldest half of the year.
and matured
in the dullest,
could have Boses in perfection,
in the midst of a burning
even
All that these Crocuses
requireis well-drained soil,thriving
There stood Souvenir
August, was proved by Mr, Pavitt's cases.
best in a rich lightloam over gravel. They succeed in the sunniest
d'uu Ami, Catherine
Bravy
Mermet, Niphetos, Mesdames
and thrive equallywell in partially
shaded posisituation,
tions,
and
Willermoz, every form and colour, in perfect beauty.
and they
doing admirably on the margins of shrubberies,
Neither were
they in size justfitfor the button-hole,the general
are
walks, and at the foot of
gems by the margins of woodland
destination of Tea Boses, but fine imposing flowers,
any one of
rockwork; in fact,everywhere. They do not interfere with
which
would
have
graced a stand of twelve Perpetuals. I was
the summer-flowering plants, which
be planted between
may
much
amused
made
at the remarks
by the many who lingered
them.
They should be taken up every second -ox third year,
before these stands.
It was a new
lightto many a Eose-loving
and the roots divided.
This is best done when the leaves begin
made
that for the future their
heart, and many a vow
was
Enrich the
to fade.
with
and

They flower,it

"

"

ground

some

manure
well-decayed

or

rosariums
should not be without
of Teas.
a full complement
I give it as my advice to all amateurs
whom
it may concernSo far as
autumn-floweringspeciesare not numerous.
Have
on
Teas. Order the strong growers this autumn
some
I know
they are confined to three,or at most four viz. :
short Briars,the more
delicate on the Mauetti in pots,to plant
Crocus spcciosus. Flowers
large,purplish-blue,beautifully
out the first week in May.
Stiff Soil.
striped. It is the finest species of Crocus,being very freefloweringand beautiful. It flowers from the middle of September.

and replantat
leaf soil,

once.

The

"

"

"

G. sativus.
Flowers
large,pale purple, wilh long orange
in September.
It is synonymous
with
C. autumnalis.
C serotinus. Flowers
violet purple, with a yellow throat.
It flowers in October,and continues to bloom in November.
I should like to know
if there are
any others to be had,
"

styles. It flowers
"

except in their native habitats,and

fhould anyone
wish to
collection of Crocuses
I know of no
place where more
is to be gained than from the late Mr. Beaton's
excellent descriptions,
Yol. iii,,New
Series,pages 114 and
135.
G. Aebby.

form

information
"

CLIANTHUS

DAMPIERI
GLORY

In your
Clianthue

last number

AND

PUNICEUS"

THE

PEA.

is a communication
upon the culture of
Dampieri. I beg to say that this is not the Glory
Pea and Parrot-beaked Plant of New Zealand.
I have travelled
the greaterpart of the island,and have never
over
it.
seen

CHEMICAL

POWERS

OP

THE

SUNLIGHT.

[The followingis estracted from a pap"r by General Pleaaanton,

read before tliePhiladelphia
Societyfor promotingAgriculture.]
At the requestof my old friend and your respectedPresident,
I have attended your meeting at this time to impart to you the
results of certain experiments that I have made
within the last
ten years in attempts to utilise the blue colour of the sky in
the development of vegetableand animal life.
I may premise that for a long time I have thought that the
blue colour of the sky, so permanent and so all-pervading,
and
anci
yet so varying in intensityof colour,according to season
m
ust
have
intimate
relation
and
nection
consome
latitude,
abiding
with the livingorganisms on this planet.
In

the

the erecof the year 1860 I commenced

autumn
tion
cold grapery on
part of this
my farm in the western
that while a student of chemistry I was
city. I remembered
taught that in the analysisof the ray of the sun by the prism,
in the year 1G66, by Sir Isaac Newton, he had resolved it into
of

the

seven

primary rays

"

viz.,red, orange, yellow,

green, blue.

August 24,1871. 1

JOUENAIj

of

HOETICaLTUEE

COTTAGE

AND

143

GAEDENEB,

started to grow, having been

discovered that these elementary
In March
of 18G2 they were
primed and cleaned in January ot that year. The growth in
rays had different iadioes of refraction ; that for the red ray at
remarkable
than it
more
side of the solar spectrum being the least,
the second season
while that ot the
one
was, if anything,
Besides the formation of new
had been in the previousyear.
the greatest,
violet at the oppositeside thereof was
from which
there was
he deduced his celebrated doctrine of the different refrangibilitywood and the displayot the most luxuriant foliage,
assumed
of the rays of light; and further,that Sir John Herschel, in
number
of bunches of Grapes, which soon
a wonderful
bunches
his sabsequent investigationof the propertiesot light,had
ordinary
the most remarkable
the
being ot extraproportions
lopment.
shown
that the chemical power of the solar ray is greatestin
magnitude,and the Grapes of unusual size and devethe blue rays, which give the least lightot anyot the luminous
In September of 1862 the same
but the largestquantityof solar heat,and
prismaticradiations,
gentleman,Mr. Robert H.

indigo,and tiolet,and had

"

that later expeiimeuts established the fact ot the stimulating Buist,sen., who had visited the grapery the year before, came
The Grapes
influence of the blue rays upon vegetation. Having concluded
again this time accompanied by his foreman.
"

ing
to make
a practical
applicationot the propertiesof the blue were than beginning to colour and to ripen rapidly. On enterand violet rays of lightjustreferred to in stimulating
the grapery, astonished
at the wonderful displayof foliage
vegetable
lite,I began to inquire in every accessible direction- if this and fruit which it presented,he stood for a while in silent
the grapery several
amazement
received
stimulatingqualityof the blue or violet ray had ever
; he then slowlywalked around
examining its wonders; when, taking from his
times,critically
any practicaluseful application.My inquiriesdeveloped the
facts that various experiments had been made
noted
the
on
in England and
pocket paper and pencil,he
paper each bunch ol
the European continent, with glass coloured with each of Grapes, and estimated
on
its weight,after which aggregatingthe
the several primary rays, but that they were
and said, General, do you know that
to me
so
unsatisfactory whole, he came
On
in their results,
that nothing useful came
1200 lbs. of Grapes iu this grapery ?"
of them so far as aay
my
you have
tinued,
idea of the quantityit contained,he conno
improvement in the process of developingvegetationwas concerned. saying that I had
"
would
not
but I
You have indeed that weight of fruit,
Finding no beaten track,I was left to grope my way
We
would believe me."
the guidance ot the violet ray alone.
as best I could under
dare to publish it,for no
one
may
when
we
are
this
astonishment
his
conceive
was
finished
well
of
at
in
Its
dimensions
My grapery
product
March, 1861.
"

84 feet long, 26 feet wide, 16 feet high at the ridge,with

double pitched roof. It was
built at the foot of a terraced
garden,in the direction of N.E. to E. to S/W. by W.
On three
sides there was
border 12 feet wide, and on
a
the fourth or
N.E. by E. side the border was
only 5 feet wide, being a walk
of the garden. The borders inside and outside were
excavated
3 feet 6 inches deep, and were
filled up with the usual nutritive
were

reminded
that in Grape-growing
countries where Grapes have
that a periodot time of from five to
been grown for centuries,
be
six years will elapse before a single bunch of Grapes can
produced from a young Vine" while before him, iu the second
furnished
had
himself
which
he
year of the growth of Vines,
only seventeen months before, he saw this remarkable yieldof

the finest and choicest varietiesof Grapes. He might well say

that an account of it would be incredible.
I do not think
from thousands
of other borders which
they differed essentially
During the nest season
(1863)the Vines again fruited and
have been made
in many
The firstquestion matured a crop of Grapes estimated by comparison with the yield
parts of the world.
to be solved on
the completion ot the frame ot the grapeiy,
ot the previous year to weigh about two tons ; the Vines were
the proportion ot blue or violet glass to be used on
was
the
healthy and free from the usual maladies which affect
perfectly
roof.
Should too much
be used, it would reduce the temperathe Grape. By this time the grapery and its products had
ture
too much, and cause
known
become
caUivators, who said that such
a failure of the experiment ; it too
partially
among
ing
little it would not afford a fair test. At a venture I adopted excessive crops would exhaust
the Vines, and that the followthat all
well known
ot glass on
be no fruit,
the roof to be violet-coloured,
as it was
every eighth row
year there would
the
notwithstanding,
after
rows
on
alternating
oppositesides of tha roof,so that the fruits requiredrest
yieldinglargecrops ;
in its dailycourse
should cast a beam
sun
formed this year for the next year'scrop, which
of violet lighton
wood was
new
of
turned
be
out
to
as
"very leaf in the grapery.
Cuttings ofViBSS of some
quite
largeas it had been in the season
twenty
varieties of Grapes, each one year old, of the thickness of a
1S63, and so on year by year the Vines have continued to bear
pipe-stem, and cut close to the pots containingthem, were
largecrops of fine fruit without intermission for the last nine
planted in the borders inside and outside of the grapery, in the years. They are now healthy and strong, and as yet show no
of
exhmation." {American Gardener's
1861.
"early
Soon after beingplanted,the growth signs of decrepitudeor
part April,
of the Vines began. Those on the outside were
trained through Monthly.)

matter, carefully
prepared for growing Yines.

"earthen pipes in the wall to the inside,and

as
they grew they
the wires like those which
had been planted
within. Very soon
the Vines began to attract great notice of
all who
them
from the rapid growth they were
saw
making.
Every day disclosed some
new
extension,and the gardener was
kept busy in tying up the new wood which the day before he
iiad not observed.
In a few weeks after the Vines had been
planted,the walls and inside of the root were
closelycovered
with the most luxuriant and healthy development of foliage
end wood.
In the early part ot September, 1861, Mr. Robert Buist,a
noted seedsman
and distinguishedhorticulturist,from whom
I had procured the Vines, having heard of their wonderful

were

tied up

to

"

growth, visited the grapery.

SOME

PEEDATORY
GARDENS."

INSECTS
No.

OF

OUR

16.

nature
of human
it would be asking almost too much
Eeally
: "Will
this question affirmatively
to expect anyone to answer
of
you do a good turn to a Bluebottle-fly?" It is very easy,
of this and that speciesof
course, to theorise about the utility
which
each
Musca, considered as scavengers, or on the place
livingorganism holds in Nature's system, wherein, despiteof
admit
we
wLat may
to us its unpleasant peculiarities,
seem
that it forms a link which could not be dropped out without
of the points iu the
But one
interferingwith the whole.
character of the Bluebottle which offends us most of all is the
determination
to wander
it shows
everywhere in and out of
doors, and apparently for the express purpose of inflicting

On entering it he seemed
to be
at what he saw ; after examining it very
"
oarefully,
vating
turning to me, he said :
General,I have been cultiagainstwhom, were you
plants and Vines ot various kinds for the last forty annoyance
upon the huge biped man,
sands
thouof the best vineries and conservatories
years ; I have seen
some
puttinghim into the scale,
you would have to heap many
in England and Scotland ; but I have never
of Blow-flies to serve as counterpoise,
yet,strange to say,
seen
anything like
this growth." He then measured
the two come
into collision,the Bluebottle keeps his
when
of the Vines and found
some
them 45 feet in length,and an inch in diameter at a distance
does not.
Eeally,you feel inclined to
temper, and the man
of 1 foot above the ground; and these dimensions
offender
the
insect
who attacks you or your property in
were
the
pardon
which
devours
bages
The
He then remarked
growth of only five months!
a
caterpillar
"I visited
your Cab:
systematic
way.
last week a new
and Lettuces, as a rule,does not touch anything else ;
nished
Darby, the Vines in which I furgrapery near
it is on a varietyof plants,
at the same
time I did yours ; they were
the aphis, common
as
of the same
nay, even
dent,
of like age and size when they were
varieties,
plantedas yours ; shrubs,and trees,does not enter your house, except by accito
the
time with yours.
and is then gladenough
When
4hey were
same
I saw
planted at
escape again with life.
insect
he
ot
last week they were
w
hat
?
A
the
them
is
Bat
the
Bluebottle,
predatory
plants,not more
puny, sp'indling
than 5 feet long,and scarcely
Of the conservatoryand hothouse ? Yes. And
increased in diameter since they garden ? Yes.
than this,he visits also our
were
houses,not one room
planted,and yet they have had the best possiblecare and
more
only,
He is here,
attendance !"
to which he can
but every room
gain admission.
The Vines continued healthy and to grow, making an abundance
there, and everywhere,and not satisfied viith plaguing you by
of relaxation,
of young wood during the remainder of the season
and vexing your
of 1861. haunting you in your moments
lost in amazement

JOUBNAL

144

OF

HOBTICULTUBE

AND

COTTAGE

[ Angnst

GAEDENEB.

2i, 1871.

in a
melodious
if they
while at the same
time the pliantpart is moved
doubt
it is by the principle
of
he flies at you desperately, varietyof ways, there is no
suction that the food is taken up.
It is a frequentsupposition
and settles upon you in order that he may
regalehimself upon
that
flies
bite
in warm
ing,
exuded
the moisture
from yonr skin.
weather,when they settle upon the
Why, the other mornskin,the fact being,I suppose, that the exhaustion ol
reader,a friend of mine lying half awake, engaged in a human
the
air
the
of
the proboscisof the insect occahimself
times
lift
to
by
had
to
application
sions
meditation,
up eight
ears
by bis bum, whieb
reallydo, I wish 1 had

some

their

people tbink

ears

"

boscis,

"

"

philosophical

"

irritation for the moment, though it is possible

an
bottles
Bluefellow,who settled thus repeatedly,
the sufferer
actuallymake at times an incision,for there is
off again and again ; and at last,
may
enclosed in a case a lancet which is used to piercethe skin of
did the Bluebottle ascersooner
tain
in despair,no
oft to the ceiling,and
fruits,"c.
he took himself
this fact than
The practicalman
will ask,
How
these insects be destroyed,
Now
I
if
to say,
can
"pitched" there, looking down serenelyas
and their injuriousattacks prevented?"
This is not
what's
I
have
to
at
a
have made
move
more,
got
last,and,
you
Bluebottles are not to be frightenedeft,
they
positionof security." I believe the first impulse in my friend's easilyanswered.
of
flypapers," and though they may
spurn the enticements
breast was to send to the lower regionsof bis house for a ladder
be beguiled by some
and destroybis
sweet and odoriferous
enable him
compounds, and
which
would
to reach the ceiling,
thus drowned
or
he calmed down
poisoned,it is doubtful whether we do not
malicious though paltryfoe, but, on reflection,
draw
additional
otherwise
visit ns,
number
which
would
the
an
not
and consoled himself in a philosophicalmanner,
allowing
almost
equivalent to those we kill. The removal or the deep
Bluebottle to escape with a seeming triumph.
interment of any animal
substances
to which these flies would
Behold
the Bluebottles in the garden. If they are at home
when
often overlooked.
in the bouse, they are quiteas much
at their ease
they be likelyto resort is an important particular
or
when
two
engaged in
sugaring for
from one
rove
summers,
spot to another,regalingthemselves upon fruit, In one
of trees in my
With
the
trunks
moths," by applying a syrup to
about the flower parterres.
and buzzing also in swarms
I
had
the
that
satisfaction
find
attendant
garden,
of
Currants
we
though
Gooseberries
and
the ripening of
feeling
tures
my capwere
not extensive,
I was
act of kindness
berries
an
Bluebottles prepared to take their share of the produce. Strawdoing indirectly
to my neighbours. Throughout the day hosts of flies resorted
and Kaspberriesthey alec afJect ; not, as I have noticed,
to the sugared trees,to feast upon what the moths had
so
frtquentlymeddling with the first of these,but the grand
and
other
left,
gardens must have been thereby benefited. It
harvest of these insects is at the time of the maturing of Plums,
Cherries,and wall fruit generally. " There's always something is noticeable that the ordinary garden spidtrs very rarely
"
succeed
in
these boisterous insects,
entangle
disother
which soon
when
and
capturing
their
motto
to be
about a
is
chase

oft

deteimined

though driven
having got up

"

"

"

"

garden
;
got
themselves
from their meshes.
suppliesfail Apples and Pears still remain, and late-ripeciag
One
of the earliest moths
which we see about, not on
the
Grapes,on the strengthof which the Bluebottle prepares for its
at rest,or slowlycrawlingup a tree,
with a moiety wing, but more
to be the case
generally
hybernation,or at least this seems
and crannies
is the Brindled
of the species. Individuals hide away in nooks
Beauty
and
bottles
a party of Bluewhen
winter has fairlyset in, and occasionally
(Bistonbirtarius),
in
an
A
will be found
in
gentleman,
putting
reposing
ance
appearcompany.
as
they do, about
having climbed a disused telegraphpole,shook out from a cavity
London
cur
in the upper portiondozens of these in a state of torpidity.
parks and
ths
Another
just as
name
given to the species before us (CiUiphora
Equares,
reaches
our
Cuckoo
vomitoria)namely, the Flesh or Blow-fly,reminds us that it is
out of many
one
shores, we might styleit
speciesof the Dipterous order,which deposit
a "harbinger of spring."
their ova
It is certainly
not an agreeableidea,yet it
meat.
on
of these
Just now,
see
a
swarm
which will suggest itself when
however, we
is one
we
it without
that it is almost
shall detect
insects buzzing about and settling
upon fruit,
in the
much
certain they have recentlypaid visits to animal
matter in a
diflEiculty
Biston hirtarins.
larval stage. The species
Fliea are
state of putridityor nearly so.
tolerablyparticular
is
cided
in cleaningthemselves,but stillwe
for though the caterpillar a demight, did the choice rest is a singularone altogether,
and belongs,therefore,
"
with UP, decidedlywish that they should not approach us, or
looper " (or ground-measurer),
after they bad been engaged in
our
garden produce,too soon
to the Geometrine family,there is much in the structure of
to connect
the work
of their species. this moth
of preparing for the continuance
and a few others allied to it,which seems
And, indeed,it has been suggestedby some, that it is possible tbem with tbo family of the Bombyces, of which the Silkworm
Buch insects may
be the means
of propagatingcontagion by
Moth
example. The imago of the
(B.Mori) is a well-known
the pupa or chrysaUa
from
carrying poisonous matter on their limbs or jaws from one
Brindled
Beauty usuallyemerges
to
another
which
is
and
12 a.m., and in the afternoon
a theory
object
clever,perhaps plausible, state between the hours of 10
be taken cS the trunk ol
dozens
mild Aprildays some
on
yet one which 1 1 a i scarcelyreceive as true.
may
then probably
The number
ot eggs depositedby the common
Bluebottle is a singletree, and
the female individuals are
about two bundled, and if the weather
is tolerably
the
warm,
busilyengaged in depositingclusters of their green eggs, which
So strongly
larvfe emerge
the same
day. Unlike the majority of are small in proportion,in the clefts of the bark.
young
duced
which
hardly be inseem
to require occasional
intervals of quietude is this habit implanted in them, that they can
larTse,
oi
To reduce the number
out
otherwise.
these meat-eatingindividuals proceed withto assist digestion,
to part with tbem
better way
be no
there can
unless from external causes, and are, it is the caterpillars
interruption,
by anticipation,
ofi the trees. It is rather a mysFrom
the experiments of Eedi, than to knock
the moths
tery
said,adult within the week.
hatched
as
their increase of weight appears
to be sometimes
much
as
as
they often are, at
how the young
caterpillars,
the
climb
from
to
ing
Accordtwo hundred-fold
in the course
of twenty-fourhours.
time when
a
cuttingwinds prevail,
manage
survive the
bottle bark to the twigs; but at least a good proportion
of some
to the wiitingi?
of our
entomologicalauthors.Blueof
when
desirous of becoming pupaj, quit their food
life,judging from the abundance
larva3,
perilsof earlycaterpillar
and seek a retreat in the ground. This must, however, depend
the specieswhere it occurs, though in some
partsof England it
at first gives
that as their powers
of
The small sooty-coloured
for it is evident
is unknown.
caterpillar
upon circumstances,
locomotion
littleindication of the size it is to attain,and the appearanca
are
prove a
very moderate, gettingto earth may
but slowlyuntil the
it grows
job at least,I have noticed places where, it is to present,and frequently
very troublesome
The
hastens
it on.
arrangement of colours is
doubtless,such larvfe obtain their favourite conditions, but in July warmth
is broken
which earth is not to be found, and from whence
I have not
curious ; the ground colour of two shades of brown
them
into regular portions by black lines,there is a yellow ring
seen
performing migrations in search of it. I assume,
that the pupaa are attached to any convenient
therefore,
object, behind the head, and yellowspots on the back and sides. By
often found feeding
are
which the larvte have preyed be
these caterpillars
the paved roadsides
on
though, should the carcase
servably
and Elm, and the stones beneath are
the Lime
very obon
restingon the ground, they would descend there.
cretions
Our mioroscopista,
Ibis
distance
discoloured
for some
by the copious exto illustrate the anatomy of
species,
of the individuals restingon the overhanging boughs.
usuallyprepare a series of ten or a dozen slides,and the most
of these is one
interesting
showing the proboscisand lancets. In gardens and orchards they resort to the Plum and Pear, and
in some
seasons.
This proboscisis retractile,
and composed of two parts, its the latter especiallyis defoliated by them
winter by digging
or
of
The
be destroyedin autumn
opening having two thick lips,and in these are a number
may
pupa
detected.
As the fly is seen
channels.
round the trees,as they are easily
to bring these lips into close
contact with any matter which
it wishes to draw into the proGoing into an outhouse or greenhouseat earlymorning ths
"

"

"

JOUENAli

146

OF

HOETICULTURE

From
correspondingpoints 1,5, 9 describe correspondingares,
and the design is complete.
To transfer fg. 47 to the ground. Lay a line connecting
10 feet
points9, 9, the distance between being 63 feet ; measure
3 inches on each side,and lay lines d d and e e parallel
to 9 9,
and insert a peg at each point. Again on each side of line 9 9
measure
3 feet 6 inches,and lay lines 6 b and c c.
With a line
4 feet in length describe an arc from centre 9 ; the point where
the arc cuts line 6 6 is centre 1. From
centre
1, on line b b,
set off 56 feet,and divide it into seven
equal parts, as shown
in points 1, 10 ; insert a peg at each point. With a line 8 feet
in length (being one-seventh
of 56 feet),
from centres 1, 10,
describe arcs
intersectingon line c c, as at point 5. From
point 5 set off 56 feet on line c c, and divide it into seven equal
line b b, and insert pegs.
as
From
manner
parts in the same
centre 1, on
line b b, with a string 7 feet long,trace arc 2,
line
reduce
the
d
d
touching
string 1 foot and trace arc 3.
;
With
a string 2 feet long trace arc
4 ; reduce the string1 foot
and trace circle 1. From
the peg at centre
5, with the same
lengthof string,trace arcs 6, 7, 8, and circle 5. Trace similar
and circles from centre 10 and all correspondingpoints.
arcs
From
the peg at centre 9, on
line a a, with a string 10 feet
3 inches long,trace arc r, meeting lines d d and e e ; reduce the
string1 foot and trace arc s ; again reduce the string1 foot and
trace are t. From
line 6 6, with a string 8 feet
centre 1, on
From
long,trace arc u.
centre
5, with a string 8 feet long,
trace are v, meeting arcs
t. From
u and
correspondingcentres
9
cates
1, 5, trace similar arcs, and the design is complete, o indicoloured materials ; b, beds.
M. O'Donnell, Gardener
to E. Leeming, Esq.,Sprinc/
Bichmond.
Grove,
"

"WORK

FOR
KITCHEN

Unless

we

watering and

get

THE

WEEK.

GAEDEN.

good supply of moisture from the clouds,

be foUowed-up amongst
use, otherwise they will

must
surface-stirring
for autumn
CauUfloicers

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

[ AugQst 24,1871.

plants,as the summer

beauty of the flower garden next season
at least,upon
the
depends entirely,or in a great measure
supply of plants prepared at this time. 1 will not attempt
to propound a system to be followed in their propagation this
;
has been frequentlybrought before the readers of the Journal.
Use

every

available

means

to raise

sufficient stock

to preserve

there is comparativelysmall
during the winter. Whtn
recommend
boxes
space for wintering these plants, I would
and square pans for the purpose.
It would
be desirable to
dip those cuttingsof plants liable to be afieoted with aphis,
overhead
in tobacco water
before planting them
out into the
trouble and anxiety afterwards.
boxes, this will save much
Mowing will not be so frequentlyrequired as heretofore,
once
in three weeks will be sufficient. Sweeping will now
be in
the "sere
and yellow leaf" is beginning
as
great requisition,
to fall from the trees and shrubs.
The lawn and walks should
be gone over
too, should not be
every morning. The roller,
Attend
the
destruction
to
of weeds, hoeing and
forgotten.
band-picking; tie-up climbers; dress the edges of beds by
pegging,or tyingif encircled withbasketwork; pay the greatest
attention to order and good keeping. Some
of the earliest
Carnation
and Pieotee layers will now
be sufiiciently
rooted to
take from the parent plant. It will be advisable to choose
damp weather for the operation. They may be potted in pint
pots,placing them in a frame for a few days,taking care only
to water
the soil,
not over
the foliage. Few hardy plants are
more
impatient of a damp and confined atmosphere than these.
On removing the layers from the stool,
stock plant,if the
or
sort is valuable or scarce, it will be ad\isable to cat the stumps
thoots
will
often
emit
aud
make
back, they
very desirable
plantsto propagate or save seed from during the ensuing summer.
need no
remark
at present,
Tulips and Ranunculuses
except that the beds for next year'splanting should be turned
and
sweetened
a-monlh.
Paneies
and
Pinks
at least once
planted out for next year's blooming will requireconsiderable
attention during the hot weather. Watering, shading,weeding,
followed up.
Give Dahlias liquidmanure,
"c., must be carefully
Do not
manure.
mulching the soil with decayed Melon-bed
relax in using every means
to entrap earwigs.

Broccoli and
forced into premature
flower.
time
Some
ago I saw
a piece of Cape Broccoli
which
had a thorough soaking of
water all over the ground earlyin the morning, and about the
GREENHOUSE
AND
CONSEKVATOBT.
middle of the day the soil was
all forked-upto the depth of 6 or
Any inmates of these structures which have not been placed
benefited by being out, even
for
9 inches. They had completelycovered the ground with foliage, out of doors,will stillbe much
thus preventing rapid evaporation,and were
two or three weeks, more
especiallyall those which appear
likelyto be very
this
pale. When
plants assume
productive,whilst others of the same
sowing and planting,but long-jointedor somewhat
aot so well treated,
were
buttoning fast. Wherever, therefore, character it is plain they have been ill-treated. We do not
when
under
thus
in
of
there are available means
find
them
a
state
nature
growing
these operations are
at command,
proper
If drenching rains occur,
imperative. Let there be no delayin gettingin the main sowing circumstances.
any tender plants
of Cauliflowers,
which
are
Red
likelyto suffer damage should be taken in-doors
Cabbage, and Bath Cos Lettuce to stand
throughthe winter. General experienceproves that after the again. There is no occasion to house the whole stock at once.
24th success
is precarious. If Celeryhas been well supplied Plants impatient of moisture should not be kept out too long ;
with stimulants,which
the nights are
gettinglong,the solar heat will soon become
are
very necessary during the present
of the early crops will now
diminished, and, of bourse, evaporation will become
be sufficiently
season, some
vancedmuch
adbe gay with Fuchsias,HyThese houses should now
for earthing-np. This should be performed on a dry slower.
drangeas
of various tints of colour,the best varieties of Scarlet
all suckers and useless leaves,and tie each plant
day. Remove
ranths.
and Variegated Geraniums, Bilsams, Cockscombs, and Amaseparatelywith a piece of matting to 'preventthe earth from
getting into the hearts of the plants. The earthing-up may
Keep them removed, and have a quantity of lateshifted
then be proceeded with in the usual
and
on.
autumn
winter-flowering
plantsduly
to loosen
way, taking care
the earth well about the roots.
If they have a thorough good
STOVE.
the day previous,it will be of great
soakingof liquidmanure
stock
of
the
a
beautiful winterShift in due season
good
advantage. These remarks will,of course, apply to each crop floweringGesnera zebrina,no soil seems
to suit better in inducing
it becomes
as
ready for earthing-up; but in the ease of early
luxuriant healthy growth than light fibrous loam,
a
and main crops they should be left until within three weeks of heath
in about equal prosoil,and rough sweet leaf mould
portions,
the time they are required for use.
with a portionof charcoal both as drainage and mixed
Dwarf Kidney Beans and
Scarlet Runners should now
be kept well gathered,as if allowed
with the soil,adding to it a small quantity of sharp sand.
to perfectseed most of the later blossoms will prove abortive.
that is to say, the
The plants should be potted rather lightly,
Keep the main crop of Onions well turned about to have them
soil should not be rammed
together too firmlyto prevent a
as soon
in a condition for storing.
as possible
free circulation ofair and water.
Then, if the plant be placed

be

for a time on a gentlesweet bottom

heat,shaded from the sun
it is clear and powerful,and syringed prettyfreelywith
when
clean,tepid,soft water, and the applicationof clear liquid
is occasionally
made
to the roots when well established,
manure
beautiful and rapid growth they will
it is astonishing what
make.
meet with
too, should now
Euphorbia jacquioireflora,
best and gayest
of our
every encouragement, as it is also one
ing
useful for furnishwinter-flowering
plaute,and is particularly
bouquets, plants for the stove and conservatory,or the
mixed
tention
most sheltered parts of the
greenhouse. Pay every atFLOWER
GABDEN.
to such superiorstove plants as AUamandas, DiplaIf beautyin summer
be a desideratum
in this depirtment,
Eohites,Luoulias,ito.
should
great activity
now
prevail,and all possiblespeed be deuias,Stephanotis,
employed in propagating a sufficient quantity of Verbenas,
PITS.
COLD
Petunias, Silvias,Scarlet Geraniums, and other bedding-out
Yonng stock intended to flower next season should be exposed
FKDIT

GARDEN.

Apples and Pears requireconstant attention now ; gather the

various sorts as they ripen,and let the operationbe performed
with as much
gentlenessas if they were eggs, for wherever an
Apple or Pear is bruised it laysthe foundation of premature
Peaches
and Nectarines must be looked over every day
decay.
and gathered as they ripen,as a fall,
when
nets are suspended
even
to receive them, is fatal to their flavour and appearance,
it theyhave to be kept a day.

August 24, 1871. ]

JOUBNAL

OF

AND

HORTIOULTUEE

COTTAGE

GARDENER,

147

in order to ripen the wood, taking care not

not too strongfor us to
to the midday Bun
Broccoli,Greens, "a., where they were
them ; though for Broccoli,besides this mere
surfaceto do this 60 rashlyas to injare the foliage. This,however, get near
for joung
will only be proper in the case
of such plantsas have already stirring
plants,we think the plantsthrive better and
stand the winter better when
made
the ground about the roots is firm
plenty of young wood, but it is advisable after this season
and solid instead of loose.
the approach of winter,and to use
A friend of ours
to be anticipating
generallyplants
every
with
in
hard
the
a
crowbar
to
forward
of
valuable
hardwooded
possiblemeans
ground after Peas,and though his plants
growth
succumbed

to a great extent to the frost of last winter, he generally

has fine compact heads of Broccoli,
and largesturdyplants
in the spring.
of
Peas.
have been
We
clearingthese off. A fortnight
tropicalweather has brought in our Peas so fast that we fear

firm and able to resist damp,

plantsin order to get it somewhat
and this is especially
"c., as soon as possible,
necessary when
the plantshave to be wintered in these structures,
W. Keane.
"

"

DOINGS

OF

THE

KITCHEN

LAST

WEEK.

mostly done
withering Pea
haulm, and yet frequentlywe let it stand longerthan we ought
to do for the shade
which it affords.
Thus, on the ridges
between
our
Celerybeds we have not removed the rows of Peas,
which are of little use to us but for the shade theygive from a
That little shade
has saved us
Bome
bright afternoon sun.
ing
waterings. There is nothingpleasingin the sightof the witherhaulm
would rather keep it a little longer,as it is
; still we
quitepossibleto overwater even Celery,and a littleshade until
the days shorten gives the plant one
of its natural conditions
of growth. We can recollect when
young what a hurry-scurry
there was
the great
in removing pea-haulm, weeds, "c,, when
Loudon
was
expectedto take some
gardens under his notice itt
that there is less
a provincial
There can
doubt
be no
tour.
taken as respectsneatness and high keeping in the autuma
care
as
months, a fact too percepcompared with the earlysummer
tible
would
not
in most gardens ; but still the great Loudon
have looked upon such in a kitchen garden as a decided eyesore
ance
continufor which there was
and felt utility.With
a
a seen
of such hot weather
a
have latelyhad
fiickering
as
we
autumn
supply will be less than usual.
with there is no
beauty in looking at rows

our

GARDEN.

SoiDingSeeds

out of Doors
in Vnj Soil and Dry Weather
in
At page 127, seventh
line from
bottom
of second
"
"
Surface wateringafter sowing
column, for level read water.
in all such oases
is often worse
than useless.
We prefer,on
be moistened for the
the contrary, that the ground should
and then
seeds,so as to encourage them to germinate freely,
the covering should
be of dry earth to keep the moisture in

Summer.

"

whilst the dry weather lasts

When
of

in drills we
: hence, if we
sow
prefer soaking the drills before sowing, especiallyif we lead
the seeds,pat these gentlyinto the moist soil with the head of
then cover
with (he dry soil. When
a rake,"e., and
we
sow
broadcast,as we are sometimes compelled to do from want of
room, we prepare the ground as in the page alluded to,th'en give
the whole a good watering,allow it to Bland a little so that the
surface may
become
triable ; then scatter the seeds equally,
gentlypat them in with the back of a clean spade,and cover
with dry soil to the depth,for such subjects
of oneas Cabbages,
fourth of an
inch, most probably part of that depth being
charred refuse. We are thus minute, because, by adopting
this simple plan,hardly a seed fails in dry weather, and the
shade would be useful to the Celerybeds.
With littlewater to
last year we managed to obtain a good supply for the
which they rarely give ours
plants come
young
up with a sturdiness
show when
surface waterings have to be resorted to whilst the
by shading.
season, chiefly
It will be found
We watered Cauliflowers,
best in every way to
plants are very young.
Lettuces,and late Peas,and mulched,
beneath
them
moisture
secure
and then the dry surat first,
using in some eases the short cuttingsfrom the mowing machine.
face
will be rather an advantage.
and
Pickling Cucumbers
VegetableMarroics have for some
Even
after this moist season, in sowing seeds after early time been
well,but we have observed several leaves
thriving
found
affected
has been just
the ground very dry, and, therefore,
with red spider,and the last fortnight
Potatoes,"o., we
the above precautions were
all the more
We have
It reof such an insect.
minded the time to promote the activity
necessary.
how dry the ground must
be in tropicallatitudes, syringedwith clear soot and lime water, and most probably will
us
where littleor no rain falls in the dry season
follow with weak
these Gherkin
Even
clear soft-soapwater.
; for less than a
week of a high temperature turned
rather moist
when
4 inches long and young,
our
are
ground Cucumbers
very sweet t"
into something like baked earth,and but for the moving of the
those who like Cucumbers.
Oar first springCucumbers
planted
surface with the hoe, there would
in a small bed in pots, and treated much
have
been cracking and
the
in
same
way aa
fissures in all directions,
for
which in gardeningought, if possible, described
have
Mr.
and
which
adopted
we
by
Luckhurst,
to be avoided,as besides the dry air thus enteringfreely,
We think it but
there
years, are Btill beariug as profuselyas ever.
is a great risk of roots being snapped and broken in the strain
that system did not help us
right to say, however, that even
made
with the disease when it visited us ; in fact,nothing helped or
by these open fissures.
In sowing seeds as above stated,
quent
so as to enable
the young seedlingsgeneus
palliated
to have a moderate
exceptfresupply,
rally
,
a more
level crop of seedlings
sowing and planting. Hardy and tender kinds, in-doors
grow at once, and you thus secure
than by any surface watering. "But," said a friend the
and out of doors,in all conceivable soils and circumstances,
other day, "what
about the rains wetting the surface of the
in hot-water pits,in dung beds, on
ridges,under hand-lights,
seed-beds ?
Is not that much
the same
in the open air,against walls and fences fullyexposed it was
thing as watering on
the surface ?"
all the same, the disease would
unless the conmanifest
itself after a few fruit
No, we think it quite different,
ditions
which attend the rain are always borne
in mind, and
were
obtained,and the plants did little good afterwards. It
such watering is always given in coolness and shade. We had
showed
with us
never
Melons
or
on
VegetableMarrows, butat
a nice refreshingrain on
the morning of the 17th,but there
with picklingCucumbers
or
sown
raised and transplanted,
no
was
in the open ground, it was
and it is to us,
fore,
thereonce
scorchingair,no brightsunshine,and the effect,
all the same,
was
ing.
though long free from it,as greata mystery as ever.
very different from haphazard artificialsurface waterWe
would
Let us add, that we wish to see the Vegetable
Marrow
only here bring the same
rally
geneprincipleinto
that
we
have recommended
operation,
for years in the case of
by cottagers. It would thrive extremely well in
grown
small valuible seeds sown
bed
in pots. It is best to prepare the
raised
and
dung
in
soil
a
on
spot,
any
sunny
especially
pots, water well,and let the soil become
rather dry on
the
slowly decomposing. It will also succeed admirably against
surface before sowing,and then sow and shade a littleuntil the
it will do so likewise in the open garden,
a paliugor fence,and
The
seedlings appear.
and yieldall the more
and damping-cff of the
shanking-ofl
quicklyif a tew barrowloads of hot dung,
to a great extent be prevented,as overhead
seedlingawill
turned
young
grass, and weeds, are placed in a hole,and then the earth reMarrow
watering is avoided. Many seedlingsnever
is
in
above it. The Vegetable
a sort of mound
appear, many
go
offat the surface of the ground because such simpleprecaations not so good for pies when
Gourds
the
of
larger
ripe as some
and seedsmen
are neglected,
are blamed when the blame
should
young
grown for this purpose by cottagers
; but then used when
rest with ourselves.
yielda great
say averaging 6 inches in length, it would
The warm
Weeds.
weather
after the rains has brought
amount
of rich delicious food.
Even
in this state high and
up
myriads of weeds,and the puUing-upof weeds is always,if it low spoilit in the cooking,by slicing
and cuttingbefore boiling.
be avoided,a greatwaste of time and labour.
can
In nothing It is best to cut it with a good long stalk,and to boil it whole
is the proverb more
the points of a fork go into it easily,
fully realised "a stitch in time saves
when
it is done ; then
nine."
A scnfile with a Dutch
hoe when
the weeds
cut the fruit in two lengthwise,remove
the pulp, use
2 or
are
pepper
3 inches in height,will take little time, will leave a loose surand salt,and if obtainable just a little butter,or belter still
face
to prevent cracking,and
the sun
will soon
shrivel the
meat gravy, and you have a dish that even
a ling might envy.
weeds
out of sight,without
FKUIT
givingany trouble in removing
DEPAETMENT.
them.
The general work has been much
the same
as
detailed in
To prevent the ground cracking
we moved the surface among
previous weeks' notices,finishing
summer
pinning, syringing
"

"

"

"

"

OF

JOUKNAL

148

HOETICULTUEE

and Apricots. The latter are

not ripening so kindly as
Plums
would
we
wish, but there is a heavy crop though the wood
suffered considerablyby the frost. We notice that the ants are
beginning with them before they are so thoroughly ripe aa to
first-rate jam. For bottling,"(5.,and keeping whole or
make
wish we
in halves, it is well not to have them over-ripe. We
from which
but in
had a little guano
to form a clear liquid,

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

[ Aagust

24, 1871.

weather, but the rains reminded

that theyneeded
ua
picking
few spent blooms
eaailydisfigurethe rest when
beaten by wind and rains.
We should hope that the lawns will now
keep of a rich green
for the season.
We
had heavy work in turfing and returfing
in the spring,but the labour has been well repaid. The returfing
consisted in taking-upan old lawn,levelling,
and putting
the same
turf down again. When
lawns have been made twenty
or
more
added
to make-up inequalities,
years, and soil was
and
hollows
will
heights
begin to show themselves,which are
not so
pleasant to the eye, the feet, the machine, or the
as

over,

shall most likely

of it we
syringe or engine
very soon
Apricot trees heavily with clear soot water, beginning at
as
the top and working down, and aa soon
repeat
practicable
the trees a second time.
This will bring
the dose, coming over
4he most of the ants to the ground for safety,for next to guano
scythe,as a uniform sweep or level. Much may be done in
out
selves;
they detest clear aoot water, which can hardly be cleared withcorrectingthese inequalitiesby relaying such bits by themto
a little quicklime, and
but we find it is best in every way to take off the turf
that,too, is such an abomination
the ants that W3 have made
their colonies disperseby strewing entirelyin autumn, winter,or earlyin spring,bring all such
After the syringingto bring the ants
to a generallevel,and then replacethe turf. Even
quicklime in their runs.
inequalities
then much
brush
with tar and oil along the
will depend on
a
down, it is well to run
taking-up the turf of a uniform
bottom
of the wall to prevent the ant going up again,for after
thickness. This relaying helps to get rid of many
rough
once
of turfing over
tastingthe sunny side of a ripeningApricot,he will be weeds.
Ex3ept in the case
large flower beds,
anxious to get back again.
where
the grass has grown
very strong, the relaid lawn does
not retain any trace of the turfing,
Orchard-house
ing,
trees in pots have wanted
a goad deal of waterwhile the ease of managing
and mulching has helped them and saved watering. The
it has almost made
for
the
trouble and labour.
up
We
make
must
in propagating,but we are
a commencement
Grapes in the orchard house are doing tolerablywell, but
loath to meddle with the beds.
Peaches and everythingelse are
later than usual,owing to the
We
went
on
potting,tying,and
ful
want
of sun
in the earlypart of the season, and we are doubtdetailed in previous weeks' notices.
E. F.
as
hardening-off,
if Ihe laler Grapes will ripen so well,though we shut up the
able
house with sunshine when
It will be quite as servicewe
can.
want
our

"

TRADE
CATALOGUES
RECEIVED.
it Peaches, "e., come
in later. Oat of doors,as previously
stated,our Peach trees have suffered from frost ; but
Catalor/ite
of Gladioli.
Kelway " Son, Lansport,Someraet.
J. Yeitch
"
for the wood
Sons, Royal Exotic Nursery, Kini^'sRoad, Chelsea,
giving way we should have had plenty of fruit
S.W.
Boots.
Catalof/tie
and
other
Bulbous
of
the
wood that stood is very fairly
Hyacinths
supplied.
notwithstanding,as
"\y. Catbush
" Son, Hij^hgate,
Bulb Catalogue for
London, N.
Strawberries out of doors have been rather a short crop this
1871.
short.
and wi'a' waj worse, the time of gatheringwas
season,
Cnrtia " Co., Devon Nuraery, Torquay. Descriptive
Catalogue
Henry
The heat of 85" and upwards in the shade seemed
to dry and
of Selected Boses^ d-c.
shrivel them
forced plants
Even
the second
up.
crop from
was
considerablyinjared from the great heat,and declined to
swell freely,when
it could hardly have been sufferingfrom
TO
CORRESPONDENTS.
ries
dryness. But for having so many months of forced Strawber^e
*.:^t*
request that no one will write privatelyto any of the
that never
did better with us on the whole, the glut of the
correspondentsof the " Journal of Horticulture,Cottage
As opportunity
would have been a short one.
Strawberry season
Gardener, and Country Gentleman."
By doing so they
cfiers we are
and extra growth the beds
clearingfrom runners
All
trouble and
are
subjectedto unjustifiable
expense.
and rows
done bearing; then we run
the
or
a hoe
points
merely
addressed
communications
should therefore be
solclijto
shall
of a fork along,just to loosen the surface soil,and we
The Editors of the Journal of Horticulture, dx., 171, Fleet
next mulch between with old hotbed and other dung. We have
Street,London, E.G.
rarelybeen able to "iae horse droppings,but we should prefer We also request that correspondents
will not mix up on the same
that to all ether manures
to
for the strength and maturation
sheet questions
relatingto Gardening and those on Poultry
the
the buds for next year.
The mulching, it raised a littlein
answered
and Bee subjects,
if they expect to set them
middle of the interval between
the rows, helps to protect the
promptly and conveniently,but write them on separate
buds from drying frostywinds,and keeps the roots secure
from
than
two
or
communications.
Also never
to send more
the action of frost and dryness. Whatever
is bestowed
care
three questionsat once.
in witering in excessively
even
now,
dry weather, will be well N.B.
unanswered
until
remain
must
next
Many questions
of the crop next
season.
repaid in general by the abcmdance
week.
We
do not recollect ever
having the incipientbloom injured
Books
Dictionary," Thompson's
(A Novice).~The
CottaffeGardeners'
before the buds swelled,as no doubt waa-the case in the rapid
ing,"
Gardener's
of GardenScience and Practice
Assistant,"aod Johnson's
will be a library fur you.
"chingesof list winter.
We prooejded with pottingStrawberryplantsfor forcing.The
The
Frdit
Manual
edition is not yet printed.
{J. E. B }." The new
not rub a child with
paraflia oil to keep from it
essential o success
is drainage, not so much
of it,aa done well, We certainly would
of Elder leaves.
the harvest bug." We would try an infusion
with the cjnvex
the hole,
or
rounded
fide of the crock over
Mr.
Undehhill
(F.I*.,Preston)." B.is addresa ia Sir Harry Road, Edgwhich, with small crocks over it,will allow water to pass freely baeton, Birmingham,
and yet not permit of worms
passing in and upwards. A little
of a comBest
Geranium
(A. (7,)."The
members
Prize
for
the
mittee
the drainage is very
to ba
cannot
sprinkling of bones in small piecesover
whether
a
Pelargonium should be allowed
agree
In our
If restricted
to the
in this class or nnt.
opinion, yes.
over
good, and just a pinch of clean fresh moss
that,and a shown
to

us

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

of
"dusting

soot

as

much

as

can

be raised 1 e'ween

the thumb

and
with

fiagerf jr a pot. We use a little sweet rotten dung along

the soil,
but not much, depending more
for strengthon
clear weak
manure
wa'erings,as soon as the roots begin to
will
sides of tie |0'. Then
much
o! the success
depend on fixingthe bud but little lower than the rim of the
hard
the
bottom
aa
pot, potting firmly,and placing
pot on a
much
exposed to the sun as poieible.
Ihs

meet

of
with the help even
of the 17th last.,
mulching, something like a score of our Caleeolariaa gave way
to the dryness, but, on
well.
the whole, they have done very
"Ooleuaes in beds have also done well in rows.
Owing to the
long continuance
of cold weather
they have scarcelygrown
fcigh enough for their neighbours, whilst in such a warm
aa
season
the last they would
have needed
stopping. For
the

have

Sjarlet Geraniums

have

been

in

their

plans

the

volume

beauty after the hot

"
"
Y. Z.).~Xa our
Plans
Garden
you
and
ribbon borders
to plant them.
how
if you enclose 55. 2d. with your
address.

{A.

for

Gardem

Kitchen
your

query,

Fancy

of tbem

Vegetables

Celery,and

"Beet, Tomatoes,

rains

a good substitute,as
purposes Iresine Lindeni will make
close grower, of good habit and colour, bears pinching
well,and is much hardier than the Culeus.

many
it is

Borders

Ribbon
numerous

reply,those

DEPAKTMENT.

ORNAMENTAL

Before

missible.
botanist's genus
Geranium, there would
probubly bo no specimen adtwo
In future
wo
should recommend
classes.
Acce(tt the
"
and
name
Geranium," and have a prize for Scarlet Geraniums
of any other kind.
another for Geraniums

popular

"which

are

of which

you

as

are

kitchen

{A Constant
Reader),
garden vegetables. To
we
can
only

the best vegetables to exhibit?"

have the finest specimens.

Pansirs
(C. Siuari)."They
exceedingly pretty.

Poppies

Exhibition

for

Sballots

will find
You can

Profitable

Crop

of

are

an

excellent strain,and many

Wo
(5. Jl/.)."

have

made

some

quiry
in-

information
giiu much
amnngst our
correspnudents, but cannot
subject,but we believe that the bulk of th2 dried Poppies which
understand
that
Wo
and others uso
of foreign growth.
are
tbo
in this country as
on
be grown
although as fine-loukingheads can
properties which give the latter
Continent, yet they lack Iho necessary
of greater strength. In the
are
value, or rather the foreign-grown ones

the
chemists
on

absence

of

move

correct

information

we

the

in

unwilling

are

rows

the

same

distance

from

each other.

to

adviso

their

trial,nnd have a piece of

on
say. Drop a fow seeds
patches 18 iuchf s apart,
Thin out the seedlings,and

a
on
are
determined
; but if you
wo
would
land ready for the purpose,
surface
of the ground, say half a dozen, in

hoing sown
line sandy

24, 1871. ]
J*iignst

JOURNAL

OF

HOKTICULTUEE

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

119

treat them

the stime
as other crops.
The seed is probably cheap enough ;
"certiinlyfew plants furnish it in greater abundance
we
are
; but
of harvesting the heads, and
"strangersto the mode
still more
to
so
for them
securing a market
afterwards.

too hot. There is nothing so cheap as a little stove inside,but then it

involves care
and tmuble.
If your
floor had not already been
paved
with Staflbrdshire tiles,
and
place had been wider, we would havo
your
advised at once
a small
furnace at the east end, and a small flue beneath
the fljor,say a tile at the bottom, one
"Various (Horace Bell)."). The C.impinula pyramidalis in 10-inch pits
of brick-on-edje
each
row
on
side
of it,4.^
to 5 inches apart,which
mot flowering
make
this year, would
the flue,a thin tile over
flower next season
it afforded slight proit, and
tection
then the tiles of tbe floor laid in mortar.
in severe
Three
4-inch pipes 2 feet in
weather, the pots being plunged to the rim in coal
length, at the further end, would do for a chimney. You would thus lose
ashes; or you may plant them
out
in the borders.
H
keep them
you
and you
would
in pots water well in dry weather, and
have a nice mellow
heat, and avoid all dust, "c.,
next
spring give 13-inch
pots. no room,
2. The specimen
among
weather it would be safer to put a little
Geraniums
for out-door decoration will need potting in
your plants. la very severe
protection in the shape of a mat, "c., over the glass than use much fire
March, at that time reducing the balls conBiderably, and returning them
to the same
heat.
The plan you propose
or taking the Vines
well
or
a smaller
out will answer
size of pot,and give their blooming-pots early in
Wnen
May.
enough, but if you do not raise your little house higher in winter with
the plants are housed
in autumn
turn
them
out of
you may
fire
from
the pots, reduce the balls,and repot in a smaller
heat
than
the Vines will be safer inside.
40"
to
The
45^
size of pot so as tn save
very
of the place makes
smallness
the heating and
"room, and in that case
keeping the planfs in
you will not disroot in spring, but shift into larger
winter
more
and
pots in April,and at the close ol May. 3 Maiden-hair
troublesome, as such a little place id easilyheated
Ferna are
pagated
proquickly cooled. If you did not heat it at all you could keep Lettuces,
by division of the roots or rhizomes, taken off with roots and
fronds to each division,potting in small pots, or in a size
the winter.
On the whole, were
the place our
we
own,
proportionate Endive, "g., over
would
-to the size of the divisions. If the pots contain
The
put such a littleflue beneath the floor and alon^^its middle.
them
comfortably they
are
the flue we would place in saucers, as they would
plantsthat stood over
large enough. March is the best time to divide the plants. 4. Panthan the others.
"cratmm
dry more
illyricum bulbs just received may be at once
planted out where
they are to remain.
It is necessary
that the soil be freed of stagnant
Soot and
Guano
Roses
for
(Icldm)."Mv. Curtis informs us that at
water, and be sandy loam enriched with cow dung and flbrous peat. The
the Devon
best to supply soot and
to the roots
Rosery it is found
guano
situation should be -n'arm, and a slightprotection given in severe
of the Roses in a liquid form
in the proportion of half a pound of guano
weather.
Ivv FOR
to half a peck of soot,mixed
in about eight gallons of water, and applied
a House
Covering
(C. H. M.)."The
quickest-growing
is,we
twice a-week
or
"thmli, the Irish (Hedera canariensis),and that we
early in spring,giving one quart to a tree, more
less,
should
plant. We
ehould procure
and
according to the size of the tree. The y-ung shoots
foliage may
good strong plants in pots, and we have had them with
shoots 6 feet long, and
be watered
also
the
with
off
with
it
the
otherwise well furnished.
mixture,
syringing
day
following
They may be planted
at any time.
clear water.
The
price varies with the size of the plants. For the size
named
we
SOs. per dozen, for good well-rooted plants in pots 15s
gave
Beet
Sugar
{E. R. P.)."-We cannot detail the mode of manufacturing
per dozen, and for small
but well-iooted 9s. to 12s. Plant at once.
from it.
The
sugar
plants will bo well established for a good growth another season.
Stephanotis
Losing
its
Leaves
(ff. T7.)."No doubt the plant has
Privet
for
Hedge"
Qoick-growing
Forest
Tree
(Hem)." The best
lost its leaves owing to the cold.
It is
A cool greenhouse is unsuitable.
"
l^odge is the Common
Evergreen, but the Oval-leaved has
a stove
S'v'"''
have a temperature of 50" in winter, or that
plant, and must
much
bolder foliage,and is equally good for
which
hedges as for shrubberies.
it will have in your greenhouse in summer
in dull weather.
For an
exposed situation no evergreen
forest
tree equ.alsthe
Austrian
Peeennials
for
Beds {Sun)nj).~There are very
few perennials that
Pine.
If you want a deciduous
tree.Sycamore will suit.
would
The
serve
in a satisfactorymanner.
majority are
your
purpose
Transplanting
Goosebeheies
and
Ooheants
not
(7iiem)."You may safely too tall,or, if dwarf, are
continuous-flowering. You will find a
transplant the bushes, four and five years old,in autumn, as soon as the
detailed list of herbaceous
plants in vol. i.. New
Heries, page 271. It
leaves
have fallen. If this be done carefully,as
fibres as possible gives names,
height,colour, and the usual time of flowering. "Flower
many
temg preserved,they will be more
Garden
profitablethan small young
trees.
Plans"
would
suit you.
It may
be had free by post from our
Phuning
officefor
53. 2d.
Wadi, Apple
and
Peak
Trees
(J. Hamilton)."
You should
if not already done,
stop all the shoots of this year to within five or
SIX leaves of their base,
excepting always those at the extremities of the
tranches, which, being required for extension, should be left entire, and
"trained-in
at their full length.
If you have already stopped the shoots,
do so again
at the beginningof next
month, stopping the shoots to two
"or
at most
three leaves above
their origin. The
final pruning should
not be performed until the leaves have
fallen,and the earlier after that
"now,

the better.

Seedlinos

Frame

in

(Idem).~The seedling plants in a bed

eaten
off by woodlice.
The remedy is to
against the inside of the frame, and to

by dung are no
a little dry hay all round
boilingwater down
by the sides of the frame every mornins for a
days, wetting the hay thoroughly,and replacing it with fresh daily.
The water
will,of course, destroy any plants or roots it comes
in contact
with
therefore keep it from
those,removing the pots from the sides of
the frame.
A barrel inverted over
an
Hydrangea in winter would be a
"uiacient
protection, mulohiog round
the plant with partially-decayed
leaves or litter. Use the inverted barrel
only in severe weather, removing
nt when
mild.
It will not answer
to thus cover
the other plants you name
"xcept in very severe
weather.
There is no
work
treating on what
you
name, nor, indeed, is one
necessary, as flowers and
vegetables are not
diSerently grown for competition than for decoration and table.
Superior
"examples are only aimed at,such only having a chance of a
prize.
Leaves
of
Greenhouse
Plants
Turning
Yellow
(A Suhscriber)."
specimen
we
could
have
probably
given
^"'\S^,t
"/
you a fuller
"i
reply, without
or
specimens
any particularswe
can
only conclude that
the plants have
not had
proper supplies of water, or are infested with
"uhrips or red spider.
place

pour
*w

PETnNiAS

Going

Off

{Rather Puzzling).
-The

plants being

1^^^^ sufficient
"nfr.l
V^1?'''^^"''',^^^'"^^"
off
eomg
They
too
'^

to

grown

account

on

for their

Jiving

fast,acd their vital forces are exhausted,

ihe
supplies of water would
need
to be so copious as to cause
them to
go off at the collar or
neck, and that we apprehend has destroyed them,
ihey will not recover.
Petunias do not require more
than a grpenhouse
aflordmg safety from frost,
and
in summer
cannot
have too li^ht and
^^"^^
^"deed, they are better grown
fl^t^^^^i
in summer
.'^^ ^"'^]
"^
''"?^^'
t^nSfroS.
J""ff off f^e lights,affording,however, protection
from tJ
are

Table

Decorations

at

column, twenty-first line

Eaten
doubt

Seated

Ivy for
Boeder
(Idem) "The
cuttingg recently put in will strike this
and may
be taken
next
and
autumn,
March
up
planted where they are
For
be better left untit autumn.
remain, but they would
speedily
covering the ground they should be planted about 1^ foot apart every way.
to keep them
so
as
from twisting about with the
Peg the shoots down
wind.

to

Blighted

the

of third

Crystal

paragraph,

Palace."
In
for " Stocks

page 105, first

read sticks.

"

Apple

Tree
attack of American
(Pro"o)." It is a very severe
blight. See what was directed on page 109 of our number published on
the 10th inst.,and page
123 of the succeeding number.
Ribbon
mixed
and

Border
of
Verbenas
{L. R. Elm)." We have tried them both
of the
same
variety,and are inclined to think that Verbenas
judiciously mixed
produce the be"t effect. Small beds of one kind, and
edged, produce a fine effect. Scarlets : Brillante de Vaisse, Defiance,
Geantdes
Batailles,Mrs. Woodroffd, and Lord Raglan; Whites, Smith's
Queen and Mrs. Holford; RosijPurple, Victory; Pi/ik,Magnificent; and
Purples, Andre and Purple King" the latter ia by far the best. If you buy
Garden
our
Plans
to plant
you will see designs of ribbon bordoTS,how
them, and how to cultivate this flower. You can have the volume
post
"

"

free from

our

office if you

enclose 5s. 2ci. with your

address.

Various
(An Amateur)."The
Roses on the Manetti
stock and their own
roots should not be removed
until the beginning of November, but you
in a fortnight,if you
liftthem
do so carefully,covering the roots
may
from
the sun and air. Shade
for a few days from
bright sun, and water
We
so as to keep the
soil moist.
do not consider
move
it good practice to rethe
old leaves from
It no
doubt
any but
bedding Geraniums.
causes
weakness
of growth, and increases the amount
of bloom, but the
be small
flowers must
as
compared to those that are supported by good
others, has been unusually pale
foliage. Dr. Hogg Strawberry, like many
from
this season
the dull sunless weather, and the excessive growth of
foliagethat has kept the light from the fruit. The planting in February
would
not
the
cause
fruit to become
Of the Geraniums
white.
you
we
should prefer Charlie Casbon, on
name
account
of its dwarf free
habit,but the others have fine trusses of bloom, and are good.

'

heavy rams,

Watcomee

but then

Terea-Cotta

abundance
of air.
affording
Company
U
Subscriber).
-There
is a stand
^ext the Exhibition
road, of the Royal
at South Kensington.

Hoi^rests
it,and

lV^%A^-"f"^".
?,Vn^t3'?n
ticultural Society's
Garden
Presehving

Dahlia
Tubees.-A
"^^^^ '' "^"^^

?Jle
I't"
pSedln
Geapes
to yours

Cbacking

Black

"

R. P. B

"

COLOURIN"
in the number

vent^ed'S.
Heating

savs

case.

Vinery
{T. W.).~ThevB is a difficulty
in advising
feet long, 4 feet in width, 30
sroundvmerylS
m
front,just because the place is so low and
so small.
Were gas handy, a small
gas stove, with a pipe to take off the
burned gas, would be best,or you might have an iach
pipe from the stove
to go along the front of the littlehouse.
A very small iron stove
with a
smoke
pipe through the roof,and a flat top to the stove to hold
water
would
also be sufficient,
but then you would want
an
openinc^to feed and
attend
to it. A small
furnace outside,and a row
of earthenware pines
tor a flue,would
be more
expensive, but would answer
weU if not made

inXf

and

24 inches

non-conducting material, as

nfts^^
berrfes
wfll
Tre^tham Arrangements
w^th heStwa^concrete
asphalt the

Ground

youhowtoheat
high at back

on

soft

pasteboard, the

covering

same

a coping is then
fixed over
to hold the glass tightly,room
being
left for the glass to expand laterally. With
rebates
cut in the usual way
do not think it would
we
be well to do without outside putty. The best
for common
is to fix the squares of glass in grooves deep
way
purposes
on
enough to allow of the expansion of the glass, and pack the squares
the underside
firmly with putty, or list,or india-rubber" anything that
will keep the glass firm. In painting outside,the brush may
also just
over
come
the edge of the glass.

that
eflectuaFfor
rth'^tuberl
this purpo'se

while

1^

cause

correspondent,

iAmateur).~A similar Question

for August 17tb.
You do
Rust or mildew
on
the
we
lound
the Gros Guillaume,and
had this fault when a rather moist
atmosphere
mtle
""
'
^^^ temperature and rather dry atmosphere
preanswered

was

in your
Z^f.*
f^,^^t
7J;^^tyf
to crack;
them
also

Glazing
without
Outside
Putty
(T. M.
U.)."Ab you are already
house we can hariilytell you how you can
dispense
your orchard
Tbe
with outside putty now.
best mode is tlaat of Beard, where the glass

glazing

of
a Glazed
House
(A Young Gardener). You may
little house, but your
or
chief
walking space of TOur
remedies against damp will be to use the flue a little more
in dull weather,
to give more
air,and to water carefully,especiallyin winter, so as not to
to run
over
the rims of the pots. Your
spilla drop on the ground nor
proposed frame or small pit in front will do very well. In a 1 2-feet length
would
we
have at least four openings with slides a foot long, and say
from 6 inches
small
flue along the front of the
deep. With only one
house we do not thick you could do any good with Cucumbprs
in winter.
To grow them at that season
would
you
require a rather large flue and
You
a strong heat.
might bring on
Strawberries with a mild heat, and
fruit them
in April, at the end of March, or earlier if the heat were
cient.
suffiFor cut flowers in winter, once
you had tbe plants,the best pajing
would
be Camellias, Epacrises,and a few Azaleas.
For plants of your
"

150

JOUBNAL

OF

HOETICULTUBE

AND

COTTAGE

GABDENER.

[ Aogust 24, 1871.

raiamg yon conld have MignoDette, Pinis, Perpetual Carnations and

over
a wounded
lion,after the fashion of Jaques and
Picotees. Chinese Primulas, and Violets,especiallyThe Czar. A little musing
the stag ! We
prefer it should remain fancy. We have long
oyer 45- in cold weatherwculd
bringthese in. Some annuals, as Collinsia
in
it
-well.
As
would
be
come
a
and
a
thought
bicoIor,_a]so
pleasingmission if we, in " our Journal,"
giirdtner,
you are
yonng
you
pose
purdoing all this T\here ycu live at a distance from the garden in which
tried to reconcile poultrymen and gardeners. A friend of
ours,
work during the day, we
you
would
advise you to be careful to have
a clergyman, had
idea that food exercised a great inflaence
an
everything you do straightforward ai- d abovehoard.
We
say nothing of
the nature
the principle involved ; but some
on
and habits of birds.
Game
cocks were
who
his
think that a man
people would
worked
so
industriously for himself would not be the most suitable for hobby, but they would
fight. He would try bread and milk
them, and then they are apt to think about temptations.
diet. Twenty smart young
Black Beds disportedthemselves
Glass
foe
Vinerv
and
Hocse
OncnABD
(H. B.)." For a substantial
togetherin a small paddock overlooked by his dressing-room.
house such as you speak of, we would not have it less than from 12 to
fed
bread
on
14 feet in width, and, taken altogether,no
and
were
milk.
They
They had the thew and
plan would suit you better
than Mr. Beard's, and the glass we
would
for such fruit purposes
sinew,the brighteye, the fearless demeanour, and all the prouse
perties
would be 21-oz. sheet
If wood
is determined
for
on
the roof,then
of the Game
you
cock ; but the matutinal crowing ended in
may either glaze in the old way or place the glass in gi'ooves.
We could
no
disagreement,and all went well. Our friend thought their
not enter on the subjectwithout more
particulars. The best mode
of
altered. Every morning he rushed to his dressingventilating would be by small sashes at the top and sashes
was
in front, nature
moved
all at once
less or more
by wheel and racket or other means.
The
window
and threw a few crumbs
room
In his
to his friends.
best mode
of heatingthe three divisions would be bv hot water ; and if
seemed
they
really
eyes
politeto each other,no chasing and
the central
you made
division the warmest
could
place the boiler
you
agamst that,and then by means
scrambling after the food,almost making way for each other.
of valves take the heat to either endbouse as wanted.
The cost of such
a
building will greatly depend on
emboldened him, and he boasted of his experiLong success
ment
the
material
and
the finish given to it. We could not help you better
and the result. One morning on
looking, " as was hia
than by referringyou to our advertisingcolumns, where
ferent
the prices of difcustom," not a bird was visible. He rushed to the bell,but
kinds of buildings
are
given almost every week, but then you must
make
and avoid
before he pulled it he heard a hurried knock at his door,and
up your mind
extras afterwards.
Heating
"
with
Hot Watee
(Bclfa)."There is no chance of your heating " Oh ! sir,do come
What
is the
down," from his man.
the house, if the sketch given is correct.
ference matter
"
"
However, it is less on the dif?"
Oh ! sir."
Well, do tell me ; what is the
of 10 feet in level between
b
and A, than the difference
between
"
matter?"
The cooks,sir." " That 's enough ; I'm coming."
the level of the top of the boiler and the point A, that the difficulty
will rest.
If by taking the supply-pipe at once
to the bottom of the boiler,taking Many lay dead, one
only was
trying a staggeringwalk-in the
the return-pipe also near
the bottom of the boiler,and either sinkins;the
middle
of the pen, the others essayed to stand by leaning
boiler or elevating the pipes to the point A, so as to have that a foot or
the
and
against
wall,
by using the ends of their tails and wings
two above the top of the boiler,then the circulation will be secured.
as
additional supports. Bat what had caused this sudden
Under present arrangements we think you are sure to fail.
Bed
other got in,and
or
Spidee
means
(S. I!.)."
Syringing,keeping the air moist,and dusting change? A pullethad by some
with flowers of sulphur are
the best treatment
can
The
adopt.
you
Garden Manual
Like another HeleE, fired another Troy."
will suit you.
You can
have it free by post from our
office if yon enclose twenty postage stamps with
your address,
The bread-and-milk
diet broke down.
Teee
Boree
(J. Grffii)." The caterpillar that attacks your Apple
Under
certain circumstances
trees is that of the Wood-Leopard Moth, Zeuzera resculi.
poultryand gardens agree. At
the
time
when
there are
of
no
Name
of
Plakt
ohiokens,when the days
Pileamuscosa.
year
(Z7?i(?f;--Gardc7zc)-),"
the shrubberies
about six hours long,and when
and garare
dens
about as growing as a dining table,they agree ; but
are
has some
as
soon
as
one
chickens,and the other a show of
PIGEON
POULTEY,
BEE, AND
CHRONICLE.
Thay plaguy chiokin dooB
green meat, disagreementsbegin.
harm
in a day than all the blights,
and grubs
more
frostissis,
would in a week ;" so says the gardener. The poultrjman
DE
OMNIBUS
REBUS."
No. 2.
There's
"He'll
be blowed if the garden aint a nuisance.
as
"
DocTOB, I am not well." " What have yon been eating?" much row over a lettis as if it wns gold,and as for dammidge,
said
friend
a
of
is no
doubt mine
"Sir,"
ours, "there
are
why look at the cottagers. They grows twice as much, twice
the beat-bred chickens in England, and they are well
among
as
good, don't spend arf the money, and lets the chiokin run
Will you kindlylook at them ?" anywhere.
fed,but they do not get on.
They believes,and they'ie right,as they doos
did so, and found a large number
We
with their care-worn
of the
good." There is no doubt that in their examination
bodies,large protuberantcrops, long weakly legs rubbish heaps they devour much
faces,narrow
that would
become
injurious
sadly in-kneed, and preferringsquatting to walking. " Very when developed,and that in the earlyspring they turn over
said.
Get rid of all the cocks at once.
we
unsatisfactory,"
the leaves and detect mischievous
things as they approach the
May do something with the pullets. What is their food ?" surface,cheered by returning light and warmth.
posed
We are disand
sometimes
raw
"Cabbage, sometimes
boiled; potatoes,
have mentioned,
to think that,like the hen Pheasant
we
always boiled ; bran, Indian meal, rice,and some
One
that
which
well
for
eat.
sharps." they pay
they
point,however,
"Bad
feeding,"we said. " Well," repliedour friend,who has cannot be doubted ; access
to such placesis,if not necessary,
only latelytaken to poultry," you must admit these are things most beneficial to the health of fowls. A fowl will starve to
they would not get in a state of nature."
Granted," said we ; death on the best corn that can be given if it be given under
"but
in a state of nature
they would get a hundred things conditions of perfect cleanliness
i.e., in a carefullyswept
"
they cannot get here."
Wei), then,pleasetell me what your
kind.
paved yard or in a room, and if it be always of the same
idea of artificialpoultry-feeding
is."
much
in the management
We
learn
can
They requirechange.
It is very hard, say we, to consider poultryliving
in a natural
If Fortune
had
fowls by consultingour
own
of our
nature.
state where their haunts
are
expected to be tidy. Clean dirt been so kind, or so unkind, to us as to provide us with more
be allowed.
It is unpardonable to let the dirt of the
must
than
ample means, a sumptuous table,a large attendance,
birds lie about ; but that for which we plead is the disturbance renderingit unnecessary
for us to do anything for ourselves,
by scratchingof heaps which have been swept up. We canshould
for exercise,
should have littlereal apwe
not
not care
we
petite,
ask that our
feathered friends should be allowed the run
of
should
be drowsy, and at last the doctor would
we
the garden,but if they can
be permittedaccess
to a shrubbery, declare we had an
inactive liver. We do not, of course, mean
where there are
or to a garden, or
stableyard,
waste and dung
this other than in the case
of those who, without any vicious
heaps, they not only find food there, but they do much good. propensities,
have sluggishminds
and like t) make
themselves
Their's is a searchinginquiry. While the dark mass
is turned
comfortable.
So where
fowls are over-fed they get fat and
and over
the busy beaks are at work every instant,pickover
loathe
the
them
food
ing
lazy,they
good plain
given to
every day,
"
food,invisible so far as we are concerned,not so to them ; and the man
Those
fowls are not right,they don't
says,
larv!E,embryos, grubs all are devoured. Let us illustrate feed." Change is tried till the whole list is exhausted,and
this. We once
saw
grubs taken from the crop of a eventuallythey die of " fat liver." If Fortune
sixty-one
ceased her
hen Pheasant.
That
was
one
How
morning's meal.
favours to the man,
or the poultryman ceased to feed the fowls,
many
thousands of similar pests had she destroyed? She had paid a cure
would
In the first case
be the result in both cases.
for the straygrainsof corn
she had picked up during her short
labour and short commons
would
improve the appetiteand
life. It is the same
with the fowls.
The grubs,"a., are sent
restore the liver.
Abernethy's prescriptionfor gouty and
to feed them, and they are sent to eat the grubs. All
"Live
on
two shillings
things dyspeptic men was a good one:
per
thus
are
equallybalanced.
ing.
feedWhen
the fowls wo'n't feed,cease
day and earn them."
It is said the cause
of the slow increase of lions is that the
For a day or two the fat favourites will still sulk and
and so few survive,the males
young lionesses die in teething,
squat about,but alter that time they will begin to ask where
fight to the death over them ; disabled young lions are frequently
the food is,and as it does not come
to them
theywill seek it.
met with in the neighbourhood of water.
Fancy Natural
returns, the liver begins to act, and they run
own

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

appetite

AagaBt 24,1871. ]

JOUENAL

OF

HOBTIOULTUEE

GARDENER.

COTTAGE

AND

151

All these things may not be much, but they make

all the
a
day or two before. When
in the poultry
they have reached it they devour it,and after that digestit. difference between a sicklyor healthysummer
Halt the fat
time on
short commons.
yard. L. Wkioht.
Keep them for some
fowls die of petting; they are unnaturally fat, and become
"
"
diseased thereby.
Mikanda
up her mind
says she has made
THE
EXHIBITIONS
FOR
POULTRY
WORKING
and lay so little.
to give up poultrybecause they cost so much
CLASSES.
the
If
fowls
The two complaints are
connected.
intimately
I OFTEN
read in your Journal the notices of flower shows for
had been fed less they would
have cost less and would have
the working classes,
and the thought has struck me
that the
food in every sense
laid more.
To feed moderately is to save
rules would do much
of the word.
to
You
sow
less,and you reap more ; you spend exhibition of poultryunder the same
the
of
keeping
less money
in food,and you get four times as many
poultryby the working class. I think
encourage
eggs.
would
of
know
the
culties
diffiand
it
To feed poultryprofitably
some
the
to
for their health,beauty,
surprise
prize-breeders
ductiveness,
prowhich
attend the breeding and rearing of chickens in
choose an open spot for the process. Having mixed
It is no very easy matter to rear a
ground oats and water to such consistence that a piece will the back yards of London.
brood of chickens
in February, with no other accommodation
the ground, call your
break and scatter when it is thrown
on
than a house 5 feet long by 2 feet 6 inches wide, and have a
birds togetherand throw the food broadcast ; they will wander
root of grass or a handful
after
a
of leaves. Of
in search of it. This should form the meal morning and evening.
long journey
could show
I do not pretend to say that we
course
You must judge the quantityby ceasing to feed as soon
many
but
I
think
cross-bred
birds which
some
this
One
I
and
after
observe
pure-bred
birds,
run
as
to
rigorously.
cease
it,
they
This may
have seen
sist
conmore
reallydo great credit to the breeders when we take
meal, a mid-day one, will be necessary.
the means
I think if
If you have household
into contideration
of whole corn ; barleyis the best.
theyhave at hand.
the shows
will try and
of the gentlemen who
some
arrange
scraps you may give them, but observe these must be in lieu
for
will
do
favour
make
a
to many
room
poultry,they
great
of,not in addition to, the ordinarymeal. This will keep your
I think a medal, or some
similar prize,would
fowls as fowls should be kept.
working men.
be tried after by very many,
and I would
especially
encourage
H. I. 0.
earlybreedingby a prizefor chickens.

eagerlyafter food they loathed

"

"

POULTRY

YARDS

IN

SUMMER.

have
at last,and it has made
a revolution
summer
BIRDS.
INSURING
EXHIBITED
the poultry-yard. Two
days after the hot weather set in,
It occurs
that if the safetyof birds could be insured
to me
hens
had
lost
of
Brahma
nearly every feather,and I
one
my
the reserved prices
reminded
of Sydney Smith's wish, that he could lake off at so much
per pen, or by a per-oentageon
was
The
fowls do next door to it, put upon them, few if any would lose the opportunityheld out
his skin and sit in his bones.
convinced
such system adopted I am
Were
it
to them.
some
look like " porkypiues." I look at and envy them,
and now
would induce many
held,
withto send contributions
which are now
with the thermometer
and
at 80" to 90" in the shade, am
their
able
valufor
because
can
no
British
guarantee
that
simply
the primitive
get
they
tempted to wish almost
costume,
stock ; and further,
it would be an incentive to committees
consistingof a thin wash of indigoin lieu of clothing,might be
restored.
Thus
lightlyand elegantlyattired the heat might to see responsiblepersons appointed to look after contributions,
all martyrs to our
culous and the result would doubtless be a profit,as with ordinary
ridiare
be even
we
enjoyable. Meantime

We

in

few mishaps may be anticipated. I shallbe glad to see

care
costume, and the old fowls have the best of it.
and venture
are
less fortunate,their plumage is getting this matter ventilated by such as are interested,
more
daily
perfect,and they suffer much, lying to assert that so long as poultry shows continue without a
kind to exhibitors,
retrograde
they will inevitably
about even
in the shade with their beaks open as if panting for
guarantee of some
A. V. Meehsoh.
so far as qualityis concerned.
I have done it before)
air. My purpose is to suggestagain (for
summer

The

chickens
closer and

"

add much
to their comfort and wellhowever
hot he may
be, has no
being. A poultry-fancier,
business
and cool himself tillhe has done all he
to lie down
for
his
fowls.
can
Take
a pot or garden engine, and
give all the pens a good
drenching once a-day. If some of the water goes on the chickens
a

few little matters

which

good for them, and leads

; great drought is never
feathering. See that the fountains,whether
empty or
not, are refilled with cold water at least once daily. Those big
that
hold
bad
in
week's
winter
a
even
things
supply are
; in
summer
they are almost death to the chickens,and many a
other cause.
See also
of so-called " cholera,"had no
case
that the fountains
either kept,or if that cannot be done,
are
regularlymoved, so as to be in the stada all day. And last,
let the house doors stand wide open all day, and
but not least,
all night too. Fresh air is very life to the fowls in this weather,
and the most delicate will not be injuredby it.
all the better
to bad

of green food must

few pence I get children
to bring me
fresh grass daily,which is cut into green
with
chaff,and not only thrown down, but mixed plentifully
the soft food in the morning. I know of no better plan where a
In

more

small
than

pens

ever

like my own
abundance
be now
provided. For

run
cannot be had, and it keeps the birds' appetitesup
wonderfully. A littlesulphur in the food now and then is also
a- week
or
so.
very beneficial,
say once
which
Now, too, is the time for the purification,
ought to
take placeat least once
a-year in every poultry-yard. If some
sulphate of iron be mixed in the limewash it will be far more

grass

Wash
the nests out
effectivein the destruction of vermin.
if of wood, and throw away all the old straw and
with the same

PRIZES

FOR

BLACK

EAST

INDIAN

DUCKS.

for Black
Last year I solicited subscriptionsto provide
a cup
East Indian
Ducks
to be competed for r.t the CrystalPalace
I again ask the same
Show.
favour, and to le allowed to say
that any person disposedto subscribe towards
to be offered
c ue
ing
Show
this year will greatlyobligeby communicatat the same
with the undersigned,or with the Secretaries of
at once
this
the CrystalPalace Show.
Remembering the great success
class

was

scribe
last year, I trust that admirers
of this breed will submore
generallythan they did on that occasion.
Saundbks Sainseuey, Belle Vue House, Devizes.

even

Geokgb

"

SHOW.

POULTRY

KEIGHLEY

the weather provedas trnfavouraLIe as it conid

Untoetunately
be ; for the rain fell constantly
daringthe precedingnight,
possibly
and while the Show was
heavy thunder showers occnrred at
open
the town on the day of the
intervals. This is to be regretted,
as
and banners, the morning nshered
Show is decorated with evergreens
of the church
in by the joyons clanging
bells,and from midday most
holiday. The
of business are closed for an almost general
of the places
not less completethan heretofore,
made this year were
preparations
should
illumination
that in the evening a brilliant
and it was
appointed
take placeon all the triumphalarches on the way to the Show field,
which

is

of
three-quarters

mile

from

in its

would
details,

be

task

we

of Keighley. To
correct
approximately
but the opinion

the centre

even
of the poultry
exhibited,
giveany description

could not enter upon,

the

Show
expressedby the Judgeswas, that throughout the
those
contained specimensof high merit, and fullyequalled
held in this district.
show previously

classes

of any

hay every three or four weeks at least. Carbolate of lime

CocHiN-OHiNss.-BuiT.-l,
sprinkledtwice a- week will keep thS smallest houses beautifully Manchester.
Ctuclcens.-l

Bridge. 2 aud S,W- A. Taylor,

H. Lacey, Hebden
2, C Sidgmck, Kei|Mey.
and
3,W. A. Taylor.
2, E. Leech, KochBweet and wholesome.
^111/ otiicr Colour." 1, J. Slohel.
c, J. Sicbel. Timperley.
and 3, C. Sidj-wick. 2,W. A. Taylor.
Chich-m."l
3 W. A. Taylor.
Now
also is a good time to getfresh loads of road dust,sand, dale
2,J. Powell, Bradford.
Sv\mSB." Black" 1 ansl 3, C. W. Brierley, Middleton.
2, H.
At this time of
1, J. J. Booth, Silsden.
or dry ashes to replenish the dusting sheds.
he. H. Beldon, Goitstook, Eingley. Chickens."
he, Clews " Adkins.
3, W. WilkinsoD, Earby.
before doing this, Beldon.
year they will be clean and dry. If possible,
2 and c, H.
1 and 8, H. Pickles, ]un., Earby.
Hjmbtjeghs"
Si!i"(?r-])enciiie(i."
the old material should
be finelyscreened, which will remove
3, H. Smith, Morton
Chickens." 1, H. Pickles,jun. 2, H. Beldun.
Beldon.
"

which
both stones and manure
may by degreeshave
and will add greatly
to the comfort of the fowls.

collected, HAMBtiEGHS."

tt

2. H. Beldon.
SifBfr-sjJanalecI"1 and S, H. Pickles, jun.
Chickens." 1, T. Mitchell, Keighley. 2, C. Smith, Silsden. 3, H. Beldon.

3. J. Rollinson. Lmdley,
OUey.
2, .T.
B.i.UBVRGYis."Golden-siyanolf^d."ltiTid
Chickens." 1 and 3, H. Pickles, jun. 2, E.
Silflden. he. H. Beldon.
Newton,
he. T. Dean. Keighlcy.
Hev, Femcliffe.
2, J. Rollinson.
8, H.
H. Picl^les,jun.
nA^BVRoas."Goldai-iJC7icilh'd."\,
C/((cAths."1, H. Pickles, jun. 2 and 3,
Beldon.
he, S. Smith, Northowrnm.
he. H. Beldon
T. "WriRley. juD.. Todkc.
; J. Thort
-n, Aireworth.
T.
Dean,
O.
and
he,
Mitchell,
Ciip,
Hameurghs
ihocK\)."Chiekens."l
Keighlcy; T. Smiih. Keiphley; E. Clayton, Morton Banks.
3, H. Beldon.
B/acfc." 1, G. Sidfrvvick. 2. .T. Smith, Gilstead.
Hambuhghs."
3 and he, \V. A. Taylor.
Chiekens."l and 2, C. Sidcnvick.
he. C. W. Brierlev.
C/u'c/i-chs." ),H.Bowker, Kcighley.
1 and"2,H.
Beldon.
3, T. Dean.
Polish."
3, J. Bowker, Keigbley.
2, H. Beldon.
Chickens."
1 and 2, T. Briden, Earby.
Dorkings."
8, W. Malton, Bradford.
3, E. Leech.
1 and 2. T. K. Kell, Wttherby.
"Ecd."l
and Cup, C. W. Brierley.
Game
2, Miss J. A Aykroyd, Eccleshill.
Bradford,
ftc,J. W. Thornton.
Chickens." 1,J. S\)encer. 2, J.
3. J. Hodgson,
3 and he, Miss
J. A. Aykroyd.
Any other Variety." I, C. W.
Carlisle,Earby.
Chiekens.~l, W. H.
3, Misa J. A. Aykroyd.
Brierley. 2,J. Maaon, Worceetcr.
lUingworth.
Sutcliffe,Keighley. 2, Miss J. A. Aykroyd.
8, Barker ", Chaniock,
Any
other
Variety.
2. H. Beldon.
Accring3, G. Anderton,
1, H. Lacey.
T.
A.
F.
St.
Helena.
W.
ton.
he,
Ausdell,
Taylor.
2, T. F. AusChiekcns."l,
; E.
deil.
8, J. J. Maiden, BiggIes\Yade. he, A. H. Banbury, Northallerton
Kobson, Wetherhy
; J. Sichel.
Bantams"
8, W. F.
Game
1, G. Noble. Staiucliffe.
2, W. Steel, Halifax.
Entwislc.
F.
W.
Chiekens.~l.
J.
W.
Entwisle, Cleckheaton.
Battomley.
c,
F. Entwiale.
Amj
he, S. Holiday, Keighley; W
3, G. Noble,
2, W. Steel.
other
Varietii-I, H. Beldon.
3, J. Sichel.
2, S. " R. Ashton, Mottram.
H. Beldon.
Chicke7is"1.
2, J. Riley,Hawksworth.
3, W. H. Robinson, Long
Lee.
he,J. Walker, Halifax.
he, J. J.
DncKs.Eouen."l, E. Leech.
2, J.Newton.
3, A. WeHt, Burnley,
Booth.
Ai/lcsbun/."l, E. Leech,
Wilson. Farnhill.
3, W. Clayton.
a. W.
2 and 3,
Sutton.
Any other Variety."1, G. W. Brierley (Whistling Ducks).

GARDENER.

COTTAGE

AND

HOETIGULTURE

OF

JOURNAL

152

[ August 24, 1871.

he. Rev. G. F. Hodson

Cniwvs
(Silver-laced),
(Gold-laced);H. Pickles,ion
(Silver-laced).
(Blacks), c, J. Watts
l"ucK^." Aylesbury." \ and he, J, K. Fowler.
Houen."
2, L. H. R'cketts.
1, J. K. Fowler.
2, W.
Stephens, c, W. Stephens; Rev. G. S. Hodson.
Aiy
other Variety," 1, G. S. Sainshnry
(Buenos Ayrean). 2, Miss Clifton (Buenoa
Ayrean). he,M. Leno (Mandarin).
"Any othck
Varietv."
1, H. Wyndham
(CrC-ve-Cceur). 2, Mrs. Blay (Andaliiaian). /ic,Bev. N. J. Ridley (Malay); H. Pickles (Silvor-spaiig:led
Polanda);
H. Yardley
(Cuckoo Polands); J. K. Fowler
(Creve-Cccur) ; C. Maggs (Blask
(Ptarmican).
Hambur{?hs) ; J. Watts
Selling
Class."
land
1, Mrs. G. Grnnville
(Grey Dorkincr). 2, Rev. E. B.Rowhe, Mrs. Blay (Silver-spanRled Polauda). e, S. Taylor (Grey
(Houdans).
(Houdane); E.Taylor
(Buff CochiUR).
Dorking); J. Masefield
Pigeons
(Not for compctilion)." c, Capt. Dwarris, R N. (White Pouters) (3).
ExTRi
Class.
he, Mrs. Blay. Worcester
(Two cages of Canaries).
,

"

Mr.

Hewitt, of Sparkbrook,
Birmingham,was

Edward

the

Judge.

"

No

Hewitt, of Birmingham,

aud

Mr.

R.

Teebay,

of

Preston,

SHOW.

the 16th inst.,in two

on

in

the

basin

of

largefields,which are
about
thickly-wooded
locality

and
was
very favourable,
of visitorslarge,so large,in fact,as to cause
surprise,
few
is
and
but
were
locality very thinlypopulated,
dwellings

four miles from

competition.

E.

held

was

beautifullysituated

Geese."
2 and 8. No competition.
1, E. Leech.
Class."
Selling
C'ocfc."l,J. Berry, Silsdon.
3,J.-T.
2, A. Bowker, Keighley.
2, J.
Booth,
H. Wilkinson.
Earbv.
he, J. Bowker;
Een"."}, J.J. Booth
Newton.
; H.
3, G. Greaves, Poole, Otley. he,J. Bowker
; J. Powell, Bradford
Wilkinson.

Mr.

POULTRY

WOODSOME
This

Huddersfield.

The

weather

the attendance
for the

the Show
field. Unfortunately
the Show was
very badly
with entries,
at which we
are
much
surprised,for a bettersupported
exhibitors
visitors
both
to
it
is
difficult
and
find,
regulatedSociety

visible from

meeting
and

with

courtesy,and

extreme

the

stock

the greatestcaro-

with

We
kind are
used.
may
perfect
most
a
to remodel the schedule on
liberal basis,in the hope that the Show
will be better patronised.
first on the list,
and both classes contained
Babbits were
excellent
attention.

here

Pens

of the

most

state,that it is determined

Of
size,colour,and measurement.
style,
White, 21 inches and 4^ inches,and the
far
in
advance
of
but
does
the
were
inches,
them, the finest being23 inches and l.^inches in ears, and the second
MALVERN
SHOW.
POULTRY
21 inches by 4^ inches.
The
animal was remarkablyfine.
first-prize
taneously, In
how many
shows
it 18 borne in mind
When
are
beingheld simulcontested,
were
good, and the honours were
'S2)anish
poultry,
closely
it ceases
of surprise
to be a matter
that the entries at all
also in both classes of Cochins,hut the Gatne were
as
very
cumstance
cirfor
this
but
and
donbt
exists
that
no
are
proportion
ablylimited,
In Ilamhtnr/Jis,
Mr. Beldon
all the first prizes
with some'
won
poor.
the entries at the Malvern
would
have fullyequalled capital birds.
Show
Ducks
vf ere
the Kouens ; and ia
very good, especially
It
those of any of the eleven shows that have taken placepreviously.
chickens Silver-spangled
firstand Creve-Coeurs second,the latter
wore
of the birds
is a matter for congratulation,
however, that the quality
being very promising.
entered,as a whole, showed no deterioration ; and we may also speak
In P/f/eous,
Carriers were
as alaowretched,but Pouters noteworthy,
favourablyof the generalarrangements of the poultrytent.
and Fantails,and in Jacobins
the first-prize
as
the Tumblers
pen was
thew
Game fowls stood first on the prizeschedule ; and here Mr. S. Matcote
Dovegood as could be desired. There was a class for the common
the Rev. G. S. Cruwys pretty well divided the honours
and
is
but
find
this
stood
undernot
t
o
we
were
variety
Pigeon,
surpoised
between
them, Messrs. Moore, Mitchell,and Griffiths being the only
not a singlecorrect specimenbeingshown.
by the exhibitors,
A reallygood-conditionedDuckwiug palletin
other prize-winners.
Dorking."
1, W. H. King. Moss Mil's, Rochdale.
this class,at first sight a remarkablyclear hard-feathered bird, was
Spanish."
1, H. Beldon, Goitstock, Bingley. 2, J. Thresh, Bradford.
Cochin-Crina.
Cinnamon
or
and one
Buff. J, H. Beldon.
2, H. Lacv, Hebdon
thrown
out entirely
for being duckfooted
fatal objection,
a
Bridge. Any other Variciy."l. J. While, Whitley, Nethcrton, Wakefield.
2,Hthat mostly proves itself hereditary. Three
good pens of Spanish Lacy.
the cocks of this
better than
Ga7,ie." Black-breasted
or
Brown
competed, the hens being decidedly
Eed."l, Miss J. A. Aykroyd, Eccleshill,
Leeds.
W.
J.
2,
Cope.
Barnsley.
the
Buff
Of
All
t
bero
variety.
was
a
entry.
Dorlclngs
very poor
Polands."
1, H. Beldon.
Cochins were
were
sadlyout of condition,but the Partridge-coloured
Br'Umas.1,H. Beldon.
2, H. Lacy.
whilst the White
far as the winning birds were
HAUjiVRGHs."
ones
Gold-pencilled." 1, H. Beldon.
as
2, F. Bi'ooke, Huddersfiell.
capital,
were,
H. Beldon,
Gnld'S2)anolcd."\, H. Beldon.
2, J. White.
Silver-pencilled.-l,
concerned,a good sample. In the Brahmas, good hens were plentiful,
Silver -spangled. 1,H. Beldon.
Austonley.
2, J. Bradbury, Brackshaw,
but the cocks were
not up to the standard
they should have been. Mr.
1 and
othcr
Bantams."
Game"
G.
Ami
Noble, Staincliffe,Dewabury.
2,
in a class
Pickles showed a singlepen of Silver-pencilled
Variety."l,H. Beldon. 2, D. Stocks. Taylor Hill, he, G. W. Robinson, Halifax^
Hambiirf/hs

judged the poultry

; and
Figeoua.

Mr.

of London,
Esquilant,

the Kahbits

and

specimens of Lop-ears good

backs, the finest

second

was

10 inches

and

Blue

in

and

4i

"

"

"

"

open

to Pencilled

of

both

colours.

They

were

very

good pen,

but

Leen.
2, H. Sugden, Woodsome
DvcK-s.^Ayleshury."l E. Leech, Rochdale.
Bouen.
1 and 2, J. Crosland,Royd's Mount, Huddersfield.
he, E. Leech; J"
White.
Turkeys."
1, E. Leech.
2, J. Crosland.
Any
Breed.C/((cA('hs.
he, J. Thresh; Jw
1, J. Bradbury.
2, J. White,
White; J. F. Beaumont, Huddersfield; J. Haigh, Shelley, Woodhouse.
"

and Silvers
singular to say, it was the onlyentry. Golden were
first,
second,in an open class. In the Spangled Hamburghs, the winners
claimed
low
at
of the first prize were
a very
figure. By
speedily
reference to the appended prize list,
that the Variety
it will be seen

"

PIGEONS.

The

clas? was
both excellent in quality
and also very well filled.
second- prizepen of Andalasian chickens are birds of considerable

1, H. Yardley, Birmingham.
2, J. Crowther, Golcar.
1, J. Thresh.
2, H. Yardley.
2. H. Yardley.
1, J. Thresh.
1, J. Thresh.
2, H. Yardley. he, J. Crosland.
1 and he, J. Crosland.
2, H. Yardley.
2, T. Kaye, Honley.
1,J. Thresh.
Barbs.he, T. Kaye ; J. Thresh.
1, H. Yardley. 2, J. Croslau'l.
R.
Dovecote
(Common)."!,
Armitagc, Lepton.
2, A. Roberts,Lepton.
Extra
Stock."
1, G. Blackburn, Ouiland.

Carriers."
Pouters."
Tumblers.Fantails."
Jacobins."
Trumpeters.

promise.
Game
Bantams
showed below par, but the
Any other varietyof
Bantam"
class was
remarkable for the excellence of its Sebrights,a
feature at the presenthour somewhat
unusual.
Aylesbury and Rouen
Ducl^ were
quiteequal to those seen at our largestshows, and in a
"

varietyDuck

class.Miss Clifton and

prizeswith grand specimensof Buenos
excellent

Mandarins

far better than

well

shown,

no

the weather

doubt
value.

proveda

many
Mrs.

Mr.

of them

Blay,of

the
away
this class some

Sainsbury swept

Ayreans.

exhibited.

anticipated
; it embraced

and

below their actual

of Canaries,that
As

were

also

The

In

Selling class proved

greatnumber
were

dicfc." 1, C. Gravel,Thome,
Doncaster.
Kaddits.2,J. A. Clough, Hucldetsfield. he,T. Harrison, Moldgreen.
Doc"
c, R. Esani, Newark.
i, T. Taylor,
York.
he, R. Esam, Newark.
2, C. Gravil, jun.,Thome, Doncaster.

of varieties all

entered at prices far

Worcester,sent

Judges.
near

B?rtcfc

"

Mr. W.

Cannan, Bradford, and Mr.

E.

Hutton, Pudsey^

Leeds,

largecage

very attractive feature to visitors.

doubt
the Show
will prove pecuniarily

is fine,no

successful.
Game."

"

BABBITS

AT

LITTLEBOROUGH

POULTRY

SHOW.
or

Broion-breasted Reds."

Cock." 1, S. Matthew.

2, Kcv. G. S.

Bros.
Cruwys. he, 3. Moore,
2, Rev.
c, Oaborne
Hcn.."\, S. Matthew.
Jones
(2). Any
c, W.
Cruwys. he, J. Moore; J. Mason
; J. Mitchell,
Variety."Cock." 1, J. Moore.
2, W. Griffiths.
Hen."l, J. Mitchell.
Matthew.
Spanish."

G. S.
other
2, S.

as

I WAS very favourably

impressed
by the number of entries (forty-sia),
bition,
of the specimens,which, for a first exhiwell as by the high quality
I may
and
must have been to the Committee
very gratifying;

to
add that the attention of the Committee
to all specimens consigned
1, J. Steohens.
2. E. Taylor, he, Nicholas Bros.
Duiikings." 1, H. Yardley. 2, Miaa E. Williams.
for the day was
of good food,and
their care
very great. Abundance
Cociiin-China." Ci/i"amo?i
and
Buff.
2, J. Watts,
l, D. W. P. Thomas.
and
for
w
ere
special
enough
large
pairs,
provided,
pens, quite
roomy
c. W.
Griffiths. Partridge and Grouse."
I and 2, J. Stephens, c, J. K. Fowler.
As the prizes
were
attention was paid to the comfort of the animals.
White." \,A. J. E. Swindell.
2, J. K. Fowler.
Bbahma
I need onlyrefer to them.
PooTRA."Z)arfc."l,H. Yardley. 2, J. Watts,
Li(fht." detailed in last week's number
c, W. Sims.
1,L. H Riclcetts. 2. J. Watts,
/tc,Rev. N. J. Ridley.
and Mr. A. H. Easten's splendid
four entries,
Of the Lops there were
Hamburghs."
(7r)W or Silver-pencilled." h H. Picldes, jun. 2, No compelition.
doe justlydeserved the first position. She had a dignified
Gold or S ilver "spangled." \, T. W. Swallow.
yet graceful
2, H, Pickles, jun. he, T.
May.
c, J. Heppcl.
her ears
inches long by 1-;inches wide, banging
were
'21,^
appearance;
Game
Bantams
{Any variety)." 1, E. Davis
(Black Reds). 2, 3. Stephens, in the true
Her
fortunate neighbour, a Yellow
of a good Lop.
style
]un.
(Brown Reds), he,A. Ashley, c, Lieut.-Col. Tickell.
Bantams
was
a discreditable
and White buck from Mr. J. JBoyle,
by no moans
(Any other varielyj." 1, M. Leno
2, Rev. G. S.
(Silvcr-laced).
"

HORTICULTURE

OF

JOUBNAL

154

this,but this also I need scarcelysay is

B. " W."
the second notice,No. 538,

of
In

AND

[ August Hi, 1871.

GARDENER.

COTTAGE

Ormskiek
and
Southport
Show.
not
of the Judges sent to U9 were
Mr. Hudson
and Mr. Douglas.

completeffallacy.

quite
says he is
certain that there could not have been within it (thedriven
have
been
taken,
mishe
but
may
Italian hive),
any royal brood;
cult,
hive it is extremely diffias in any other than a framed
decidedly. Nor would I
-with every care, to pronounce
that royal cells were
seen
being
it of any consequence
reckon
One or
itself
after
swarming.
developedin the hybrid hive
This
after
sealed
two
swarming.
told
days
were
are
two we
strongestevidence,no doubt, is the
to be expected.The
"

"

"

We

"

nre

informed

correct.

that the names

to have
been

They ought

Show.
Mr. Yardlty writes to us Riving a most unqualified
Allehton
"
Not
a foul
feather
denial to the statement
by our reporter. He adds
The birds have been in my
abstracted.
was
possession eight months,
first prizes at Torquay, Strorrd, Colchester, and
and
have
obtained
I am
petent
other Shows.
quite willing to submit the birds to any commany
between
tho dift'erence
sure
judge for examination, when I am
"

"

be

trimming and moulting can

tho pair of Dragoons which

readily discerned, as
also to have

seem

well

the

as

Mr.

caused

of

sexes

Button

some

uneasiness."

was

chester,
Pou..rRT
Show."
Mr. J. Wright, Hochdale
WARrriNGTorr
Road, Manof the respectiveswarms
sponded
correthat the brood
the cup for Antwerp Pigeons.
won
In No. 537 I adverted to
"B. " W.'s " surmise.
Neath
and
Pottltrt
Pigeon
Show
(IF. C. and Others). We
always
the whole matter, and the
over
of sufficient
conclude
if a committee
their proposed show
do not consider
this as a test,but in reflecting
further details furnished,I can see how even this confirmatory impurtance to be advertised in our columns, that it cannot be deserving
of a report.
"
B. " W."
accounted
for.
does
be otherwise
evidence can
Portraits
Fioeons (Captain). They commenced
in our No. 46i.
of
that the Italian hive was
thoroughly pure ;
us
not inform
Dyeing
j4 Constant Subscriber y^lshes for recipes to
Feathergrass."
but,even though it was, be can easilysee that its first cast," dye this grass various colours to fitit for mixing with everlasting flowers.
of the swarming be correct,might, according
if my explanation
second one.
to the mating of the queen, be less pure than the
METEOROLOGICAL
OBSERVATIONS.
importance can be attached to
In a mixed
apiary not much
Camden
Square, London.
questionsabout purity. On the whole I have no hesitation,
the
curious
circumstances
possibleways
Lat. 51" 32' 40" N. ; Long. 0" 8' 0" W. ; Altitude 111 feet.
consideringthe many
plained,
exB. " W.," in No. 535, could be otherwise
narrated by

circumstance
to

"

"

"

"

idea that we have here any proofthat

go forth on aerial excursions.
for
the first time after these pages have
In taking up my pen
in a formal way the melancholy tidingsof Mr.
made known
Woodbury's death,I cannot help recordingmy feelingsof deep
coincide
at the sad event, and I cordially
and heartfelt sorrow
of

discardingthe

mother- queens

ever

Fox in believing, that all the readers of

with Mr. S. Bavan
this Journal,and all the contributors to its columns, whether
ings
or
otherwise, will experiencedeep feelinterested as apiarians
for the loss of one who has for so many
of sorrow
years
Though I have never
contributed so largelyto its columns."
"

the
pleasure of any personal acquaintance with Mr.
Woodbury, yet for upwards of ten years I enjoyed a friendly
This dated from the introduction of
correspondencewith him.
fate
our
fortune,"or
the Ligurian bee, and though it was
rather,to engage in a long controversy in these pages on a
of
there
is
much
which
diversity
opinion,yet
regarding
subject
notwithstanding the vigour and spiritdisplayed by all who
took part in it,I need scarcelysay that no change was efiected
other relations or
correspondence, which continued
in our
cordial throughout. I shall only add, that by the death of our
had

lamented

friend

of
apiarians

have

we

of the most

one

IGth." Fine but hazy in morning, cloudy in the evening.

or less cloudy all day, stonu17th. Very bazy and heavy in morning, more
like about 6 p.m., heavy rain at 10 p m., and all through the night,
showers all day, splendid and long18th. Rain in morning and occasional
G and 7.
continued rainbow between
19th. Cool but very bright,a most lovely day throughout.
cooler.
20th. Fair but cloudy all day, much
about noon, Bun
not hot but the air
2lBt." Fine
morning, slight shower
"

"

"

"

accomplished 22nd."

-J. Lowe.

day.

the

lost

REMARKS.

"

"

"

oppressive.

Rather stormlike in morning, but passed over with onlya few large
drops of rain,fine afternoon.
the night of Thursday and morning of Friday famounting
rain on
than half an inch) tended to cool both the air and the ground,
to moro
more
and thus make
tbe pist week much
pleasant, though not quite so
G. J. Svmons.
bright as the preceding one.
The

BEES

NOT

old stock in

WORKING.

"

I
never

Hi-TB

an

failedto yieldme

skep that for six years has

considerable quantityof honey ; but
straw

this year the bees have done nothing. In April they were
unusually strong, and plunderedone of their neighbours. Since
idling about the mouth of the hive,
then they have remained
by killingdrones, but utterly
amusing themselves occasionally
in
into
showing any activity
to
a
super, and never
declining go
their

their eflorts on

own

account.

"

H.

of two or three causes.

sufier from
one
of breeding may be
whose
a queen
power
may
or
secondly,the breeding
"very small, owing to age or accident ;
contracted
and unfit for
cellsof the combs
may have become
they may be so filled with honey as to
the purpose ; or thirdly,
prevent the queen giving fall scope to her natural fecundity.
not the bees have carried in pollen
or
Tou do not say whether
freelyof late. If the hive were ours we should drive out the
endeavour
to catch a sightof the
and
bees into an empty skep,
to her age
as
if any, and judge from her appearance
queen
If, from very ragged wings or dark
and
capabilities.

[Tour
First,it

hive

August
23.
COVENT
GARDEN
MARKET."
The markets
are mnch
quieter than they were, and sales oan only be
effected to any extent by a reduction of prices. To-day we have had but
few buyers, the inquiry being chieflyfor rough descriptionsof produce.
Peaches
and Nectarines
are
Hothouse
nearly over, those from the open
walls jast conaing in. Imports heavy, at former prices.

may
have

i rfevo

Apples
Apricots
Chen-ies
Chestnuts
Corrants
Black

doz.
lb.
bushel
....i sieve
do.
doz.
lb.
lb.

B.
1
0

0
0
0

3
FUbertB
0
Cobs
0
Gooseberrioa
quart 0
lb, 2
Grapes, HotbOQBe....
Lemons
Tf"'1008
Melons
each
2

Figs

appearance, she gave evident proof of being aged, we

alreadysomewhat

desired to perpetuate
and having obtained
the fingers,
her between
bees from a doomed
cottager'shive, add
a lot of expatriated
If,however, the bees
them with their queen to the old stock.
and pollenis carried in in modtrate
stillvery numerous,
are
it is until next year, when
quantities,
you may leave the hive as
perhaps a swarm
may issue from it,at the end of twenty-one
days from which time the stock may be broken up and the bees

should,if it were
aged hive, crush

an

added to those of the swarm.]

Show."
Wakefield
Mr.
chickens highlycommended.

LETTER
J. S. Booth

BOX.
states that he had

pen ol

Maloy

6
0
0
0
0
C
0
6
0
0
0

lb.
doz.

100
^i^*

20

d
0
0
0

15

2
3
8
8

0
0

B.

to 2
6
2

Mulberries
Nectarines

0
0
4
1
0
0
5
12
6

Oranpes

doz.
doz.
doz,
lb.
sieve
j
doz.

Peaches

Pears, kitchen
dessert
Pine Apples
Plums

QuincoB
Raspberries

lb.

lb.

Strawberries

0
0

bushel 10
10
VIOO

"Walnuts
ditto

d.
8.
0 to 4
0
0
0
10
S
2
0
8
2 0
8
0 9
1
0 0
0
10
2
0
Ti'-lOO 0 0
bunch
0 G
0
doz.
SO
G
bundle
16
2
bunches
2 0
4
0
1
each
6
doz.
2 0
3
2
0
doz.
0
0 8
0
...bunch
lb. 0 8
0
bunch
0 8
0
4
....bundle 6 0

d. s
6 to 1
0
13

0
0
0
0

6
0
0
0
IG
2

0
0
0
0
0
0

d.

8.

Artichokes

doz.
Asparagus
qi' 100
Beans, Kidney
4 sieve
Broad
bushel
doz.
Beet,Red
Broccoli
bundle
Brussels Sprouts. .J sieve
doz.
Cabbage
..

Capsicums
Carrots

Cauliflower
Celery
ColewortB..doz.
Cucumbers

piukUng

OUR

VEGETABLES.

probable

shrunken

d.

10

Endive
Fennel
GarUc
Herbs

Horseradish

bunch

Loeks

B,

8 too

doz.
Lettuce
pottle
Mushrooms
" Cress
Mustard
.punnet
doz.
bunches
Onions
per

0
0
0
0

pickling
Parsley
Parsnips

Rhubarb

Savoys
Soa-kale
Shallots

Spinach
Tomatoes

Turnips

sieve
doz.

0
0

quart
bushel

Pons
Potatoes

Kidney
Radishes

quart

do.
..

doz. bunches
buntUe
doz.
basket
lb.

6
1

0
0

bushel
doz.

bnuoh

Vegetable Marrows,, doz.

Angust 31,'1871. ]

CULTIVATION

JOUBNAL

OF

THE

OF

HOKTIGULTUEE

HOLLYHOCK.

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

155

the spikesmust be
If required for exhibition,
them.
shaded in some
way.
When
the flowers show
signsof decay they must be
removed, as if decayedflowers are allowed to remain they
will injure the seed pods. It is very important to save
seeds of the very best varieties in each colour,as the best
which
and most regularspikes are obtained from plants
that
have been raised from seeds, and the chances are
varieties may be obtained havingdistinct features and of
There is
than those already in commerce.
better quality
also much
interest in watching the development of the
and in comparing them with those from which the
flowers,

has been an exceptional

season, and in
many respectsan unfavourable one, for some
flowers and fruits. It has been a good season
of the spikes
for the Hollyhock,
and some
which I have seen
this year are trulygrand.
The Hollyhockand the Pansy are amongst
the first flowers that I ardently cultivated
before becoming a gardener,
that I
and now
of my employer
to study the pleasure
require
than my own, I have not been able to
more
devote so much
attention to them, but I admire them still. seed was
obtained.
They form striking
contrasts to each other. The one lowly
the seeds are ripe,or when the flowers have
As soon
as
and modest, carpeting
and
the ground beneath your feet,
faded, if it is not intended to save seeds, the plantsshould
studdingit with soft velvetyand beautiful colours like the be cut over, and about the beginningof October they
"wee, modest, crimson-tipped
flower;" the other noble should be lifted out of the ground and potted,or planted
and majestic,
forminggorgeous pyramidsof many colours, in some lightsandy loam and leaf mould in a cold frame ;
be moved
into a
to pot them, as the plantscan
pure white and paleyellow to the deepest orange and bufi',I prefer
soft rose and pink,red, crimson, and deepestmaroon.
if required. If they are wintered in a
warmer
position
This fine autumn
to have been brought house where no
flower seems
to them the
artificialheat can be applied
into very prominent notice for the first time as an
bition pots must be plunged; if otherwise theymay be placed on
exhiflower in London
about the year 1854, as Mr. W.
have a free
where they can
a
shelf,or in any position
not be
Paul, in his excellent littlepractical
The plants must
work, An Hour with circulation of air around them.
the Hollyhock,"alludes to a very successful exhibition huddled
during
togetherin any out-of-the-waycorner
specially
got up for this flower in the SurreyZoologicalwinter and neglected.A number of shoots will be thrown
Gardens
that year.
Previous to this there were
all be taken
many
up from the base of the main stem, these must
raisers of seedlings
both in England and Scotland ; there off early in the season
in February will do.
; any time
also two distinct types. The English section had
were
on
a piece
They will form plantsin a short time if grafted
the largest
and best-formed centres,but in many
cases
a
is performed; the cutting,
of root in the way whip-grafting
guard petal,while the Scotch with the small pieceof root attached, should be pottedin
scarcely-distinguishable
varieties were
conspicuousby their immense guardpetals; a 3-inch pot in some
very sandy compost, and the pots
the two nationalities flowers with well-formed
by crossing
plungedin a very gentlebottom heat in an ordinarydung
and much better- frame ; if the bottom heat is at all excessive every one of
centres were produced,
closely-compacted
proportionedguards.
the young plantsshow signs
the plantswill rot off. When
Those who
intend to begin the culture of Hollyhocks of being established they should be removed
to a cold
would do well to obtain a selection of the very best sorts. frame,keepingit close for a few days until they are inured
Plants that are propagated
in the springgenerally
make
into
to the change. It is also desirable to shift the plants
the strongestspikes; they should be planted-outon the larger
them out.
planting
pots before finally
firstfavourable opportunity
after the middle of March ; if
make a few remarks about raisingseedlings.
I will now
the weather is unfavourable Aprilwould be as well. The
in the open
July is a good time ; the seeds can be sown
soil should be deeplytrenched and highlymanured
; if the
during
ground,and the plantsprickedout and protected
subsoil will admit of it,the ground should be trenched
winter in a cold frame,or any of the cheap glassprotectors
3 feet deep. The most suitable and efieotive position
for now
in use
them, plantingthem out
may be placedover
Hollyhocksis to form backgroundsto wide borders,they in March where it is intended they should bloom.
also form a striking
feature where the spikescan
be seen
The Hollyhockmakes a grand feature at the autumn
at a distance rising
above the foliage
of evergreens in exhibitions if shown as cut spikes,
which is by far the best
dwarf or newly-planted
a
or
shrubbery.For exhibition,
They are also exhibited in stands,
way to show them.
where the most perfectly-developed
blooms. To obtain the greatest
similar to Dahlias,as single
spikesor flowers are
required,
they should be planted by themselves in rows
of success, and increase the size of the flowers,
measure
4 feet apart,allowing
3 feet between the rows.
The sticks the spikeshould be cut over, allowing
only from three to
intended to supportthe plants should be stout,and stand
them must also be attended
six flowers on a spike
; shading
C feet out of the ground ; these should be 7^ feet
long, to,as sun, rain, and wind soon damage the petals.
and put in before the plants,planting-out
the Hollyhocks
conversation with the principal
I had some
Hollyhock
close to the sticks afterwards.
The plantswill require
growers at the August meeting for this flower at South
but little attention except tyingthe main shoots to the
that
of others
and
experience
; contraryto my
Kensington
the side shoots,and
sticks,pinching-out
givingthem in this neighbourhood
they all seemed agreed that this was
of water at the roots ; in hot weather
copious supplies
The " mysterious disease which
for them.
a bad season
mulchingthe ground round the roots is very beneficialto attacks the Hollyhock,like those from which the Potato,
HIS

"

"

No. 644." Vol. XXI., New

Series.

No. 1196." Vol. XL VI.,Old

Series.

JOUENAIi

156

OF

HOBTICULTUEE

AND

COTTAGE

GABDENER.

[ August SI,1871.

has been making sad havoe.

Cneumber, anS Gladiolna suffer,
in contact with it,but
am
glad to say I have not yet come
told that the plants decay close to the surface of the
am
ground,and there is not as yet any known remedy for it. Red
spideris the most insidious enemy I know of,but this can be
kept in check by frequentlysyringing the plants. There is
also a maggot which eats its way amongst the seeds exactly
that which
burrows in Apples,
as
similar to, if not the same
causing them to drop before they are ripe; this can only be
Mr.
W. Chater,of Saffron Waldeu,
got rid of by hand-picking.
exhibited a fine lot of flowers,both spikes and cut blooms,
at Kensington on the 16th,but I think the climate of Scotland
is better adapted for Hollyhocks than that of England; at least
better In Edinburgh than they are in
they are exhibited much

the work, that no

particularprocess can safelybe laid
upon
all cases.
For producing a picturesqueeffect,
down
to meet
and to form a strikingand ornamental
feature in the valley,
a
bridge is altogetherpreferablefor crossingthe water ; but if
is to be done as economically as possible,
the work
and the
bulk of water be not too great,stout glazed socket drain pipes,
or
an
a culvert passing under
embankment, connecting the
banks of the stream, may
The size of the
prove to be best.
pipes or culvert should,of course, be in proportionto the body
in the stream
of water contained
during the wettest period of
the year.
Circular pipes 2-feet in diameter afford passage for
such pipes are equallyefficient,
a largebody of water, and
and
much
less expensive than a culvert.
The track to contain the stones for the road should be excavated
A list of the very best varietieswill be found in your
London.
to a depth of at least 9 inches,not only that it may
contain
sufficient
metal
to bind into a firm mass,
and
reportof the exhibition at Kensington. J. Douglas.
sustain the trafficfor a considerable time without needing repair,
but also that the layer of hard material may
be deep
UNDER
DIFFICULTIES,"
No. 2.
ROAD-MAKING
enough to withstand the effects of heavy thunder
showers,
which I have
shallow
act with such force upon
seen
roads,
diately
Foe a road to be reallysound and durable,the drains immerowed
especiallyupon steep gradients,that the sides have been furbe so arranged that
upon or in connection with it must
with channels
to such a serious extent as to wash the
water shall at no time lie in pools either upon or alongsidethe
the
soil
the
bottom
of
the
stones
at
completely away, leaving
road,but at once pass away down the drains,for which common
track bare.
Such paltryshallow roads constantlyneed repair,
be
quite well; but they should never
unglazed pipes answer
and are
far more
made
costlythan if they had been properly
less than 6 inches in diameter, and be laid at a suffioiently
in the firstinstance.
ment
sharp angle for the water to pass away so quicklythat all sediIn searching for rock beds from which
to procure stone for
may be washed clear of the pipes. Drains are sometimes
the road, a knowledge of geology is useful,not altogether
aa
with 3-inch pipes laid at a very flat angle, and with a
made
the
of
the
of
quality
stone, but because
regards a knowledge
well or trap under each gratingcontinued several inches below
discovered
those
is
more
the
stone
easily
by
understanding
of the drain, to prevent any sediment
the mouth
from passing
natural indications of its presence.
When such indications are
out
into the pipes at all. But I do not like the plan,because,withtrial holes should be made
a few yards apart with
the wells soon
found, some
and it follows as a
constant supervision,
fill,
that the pipes are in danger of being filled a boring tool,for although there may be positiveevidence of
matter of course
excavating
also,the water passingthrough so slowlythat it depositsmost of the presence of rock, it is not wise to commence
till it is ascertained by boring if the bed is large enough or
its sediment as it flows. It is therefore evident that drnins made
to
at
surface
be
excavated
reasonable
the
near
a
sufficiently
at an acute angle are altogether
best,as they are self-cleansing.
rate. The
cost of excavatingdepends entirelyupon the depth
Another
in making such
important point to be remembered
or
drains Is to avoid all abrupt curves
angles,or anythinglikely of soil coveringthe rock,the rats of pay ranging from 9d. up to
I believe,
Is. 8d. per cubic yard of stone.
however, it is not
to have the slightest
tendency to check the flow of the water.
As an example from
often that the higher price is reached.
side of a road for a
A drain should never
proceed along one
made
the necessity for
which
be
to
safe
deductions
as
at rightangles across
distance and then turn abruptly
to the
may
such crossingsare necessary
other side ; but wherever
they higher or lower rates, it may be stated that for excavatingthe
should be at a very obtuse angle,forming a long diagonal line hardest kinds of sandstone in a quarry having a regularlayer
of 6 feet of earth over
the stone. Is. Id. per cubic yard of stone
tillthe other side is reached, and thus the check given to the
and the
is a fair price. This includes the removal of the soil,
and the flow will go on to the
water will be hardly perceptible,
excavating and heaping of the stone in squared heaps a yard
outlet with undiminished
speed.
the
the
labourers
ing
findclose
by
The gratings
quarry ;
through which the water passes down into the high on level ground
their own
drains should be proportionate
in size to the width of the road.
tools,but the master supplying planks and
stone is rewheelbarrows.
When
quired,
a
quarry is opened, if much
Thus, for a road only 9 feet wide, gratings10 inches square,
a
of an inch apart,are very suitwith stout bars three-quarters
quantity of 4-inch pipes should be suppliedto the
able
and continued upon
men
upon condition that a drain be made
; but if the road is 12 or 15 feet wide, then the gratings
be larger; and so upon a road having a gradient the lowest level as far as the work goes, to carry off water, as
should certainly
flood
the
otherwise a few wet days may
of 1 in 12 it is very evident that more
quan-y, and hinder the
gratingsare necessary
work tor a considerable time.
than upon easier levels. Daring very heavy showers the water
fine at the quarry, but
The
be broken
stone should not
down such steep inclines with a rapidityso violent that,
runs
if it were
of the numerous
not checked by means
gratingsplaced should be carted to the track and there broken, care being taken
to placelarge pieces in the bottom of the track, and smaller
be a risk of much
in its course, there would
of the material
the large
ones
upwards to the surface. The spaces among
upon the surface of the road being washed away.
piecesat the bottom act as a drain,thus tending to maintain
In addition to the covered drains in the road itself,
open
Edward
Luckhuest.
the road in a sound dry condition.
drains and ditches are often necessary to prevent water from
risk
flowingupon or over the road, of which there is much
when it passes along the side of a bank or hill. In making a
POTATOES.
AMERICAN
easilyover a steep ascent, I
cuttingfor a road to pass more
I PEocuEED
in the spring of last year 1 lb. of Early Rose
found that the water oozed out of the upper side of the cutting
Potato which I cut into sixtysets,and the result was
60 lbs. of
were
so fast that the men
standing in water when at work, and
I took 1 lb. from them this spring,which I cut into
hindered
much
were
thereby. Moreover, as this side of the Potatoes.
is 72 lbs. of very fine
and the result this season
made
was
at an
cutting for certain reasons
unusually sharp fortysets,
Potatoes ; 3 lbs. of these were
diseased.
angle,I feared that so much moisture passingthrough it would
I
had
Peerless and Climax,
also
this
lb.
each
of
1
season
it to shatter very much
with the first frost. To prevent
cause
the results are as follows : Peerless, fifty-seven
sets produced
made
all this,an open deep drain was
at about a perch from
86 lbs. ; of these 14 lbs. were
diseased. Climax, sixty-twosets,
the side of the road, and carried parallel
with it as far as was
The tubers of
60 lbs. ; of these 3 lbs. were
diseased.
This answered
found necessary.
admirably, quite cutting off produced
fair average.
Peerless are
a
very largeand heavy, the Climax
the great superabundance of moisture contained in the soil,
and
I think the American
Potatoes have proved less liable to disease
also preventingmuch
the bank on to
water from flowingdown
than
others of our
old sorts.
many
the road during heavy showers.
In a few other isolated moist
I have some
Regents, Early Frame, and Paterson's Victoria
placesoccurringalong the upper bank, the water was collected
has produced a fine
worth
not
w
hile
the Early Rose
"
lifting,
into one channel by cuttinga
crow's-foot
drain
that
open
from a peck of out sets I lifted ten bushels, and found
is,a central drain at rightangles with the road, and having a crop" i.e.,
but very few diseased. J. Haeland, Gardener, IVriltlePark.
branch on
side
after the
of
claws
I
I

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

either

of

extending

manner

the

bird's foot.
In dealing with the main
in the valley,local
watercourse
circumstances
diff'er
so materially,
and have so much
influence

"

LiNAETA

vtTLOAEis.

above-mentioned

"

Ton

are

plant,being

quite rightwhen
perennial,would

yon
not

say the

require

Angaat 81, 1871. ]

JOUENAL

OF

HOETICULTDEE

Some time ago, in an evil hour, I introduced

it
email garden of ohoice ^vild flowers,and in a eliorttime
it overrun
the entire place. J. G.

removing.
into

"

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENEE.

157

and yet the climate of Ghent is not very different from that of
the south of Eogland. I notice corn
is about equallyforward,
and that the Hops bear much
the same
bad aspect around them
that theydo in Kent ; but I can
that if the
quite understand

plantsare

overpotted,or if the soil is tenacious,that the heavy

rains will sodden the soil,cause
the bloom buds to fall off,and
injurethe generalhealth of the plant.
few
Such
a
I
have
are
ticulture
hornoted
tivators,
has
been
the
to
things
MnOH
written of late in
journalsdevoted
amongst the Belgian culand I shall be glad if they be of any use to the admirers
the subjectof the culture of the Camellia, and
on
of this lovelyflower at home.
D., Deal.
things have been insisted upon as absolutelynecessary
many
inclined to think that it is a plant which
for Buooess
; but I am
and thrive in
will accommodate
itself to various circumstances
THE
AMATUNGULA
AND
KEI
APPLE.
at Deal
when I was
various soils. I remember
constantly
leave
the
window
of the
Having
which
seemed
to
a familiar and
never
personal acquaintancewith both the
seeing one
"
Amatungula " and " Kei Apple " of South Africa in the fresh
sitting-room,was not I know for years repotted,and yet which
was
always vigorousand always flowered well. We know also state,I venture to offer a few remarks concerning them in that
that the
that Mr. Pearson, of Chilwell,has long maintained
condition,by way of supplement to Mr. Jackson's interesting
"
precates
Food Jomnal," which draws attention
paper in No. 16 of the
proper soil for its successful culture is loam, and stronglydethe mixture
of loam and peat,and, although I have
to these fruits in their preservedstate.
I
the
well
believe
The
Arduina
which
had
that
bears the Amatungula of
never
grandiflora,
pleasure of seeinghis, can
time I have seen
the Zulu
Kafirs,is an apocynaceous
they are picturesof health ; but at the same
plant, belonging to the
tribe as the Periwinkle
wondroualy fine examples of good culture in all peat, and in same
(Vincamajor and minor),of our
other eases in loam and peat mixed, while I have known
hedges. It is a very beautiful stiff evergreen shrub, a few feet
many
where each and all of these plans have been tried and
able
cases
high, with dark glossyleaves,armed at the base with remarkwithout
This I can
bifurcated thorns,which remain green until quiteold. It
success.
only account for from the fact
that there is a vast difference in the qualityof both peat and
in
and
sandy
boggy places along the Natal coast in the
grows
loam ; and when
I read of the latter being pared off rocks
close neighbourhood of the sea ; the IvoryNat Palm
(Phyteleit from the Dublin
and nearly all fibre,
and the Aloe of various colours and
such as I have seen
phas),the wild Strelitzia,
how
different that is from the
forms being its ordinary
which is corsee
mountains, I can at once
rectly
companions. The fruit,
loam
I am
aeenatomed
off some
of the
described as varying considerablyin tize, looks very
to use, which comes
rich lowland pasturesof Kent.
much
like a small Plum, and has thence acquiredfor itselfthe
At the time that the discussion was going on, a good deal was
of the Natal Plum.
It is reddish at first,
but becomes
name
said of the Belgian cultivation. It was
acknowledged on all of a dark violet hue as it ripens. When
ripe it has a white
hands that this was good. We could judge this to be the case,
ceptable
milky jaioe,of an agreeablesub-acid flavour,and is very acfor every year we have been accustomed
the large importations
and refreshingduring the South
African coast heat.
to see
which are brought over, too often,indeed, to wither
The milkiness of the juiceis obviouslydue to the presence of
and die in stifling
London
members
dining-rooms,but which are pictures caoutchouc,which is yielded in abundance
by some
of health and vigour; and having latelyhad the opportunityof of the tribe. There
other plants in the family that are
are
of the Belgian establishments,I give favourablyknown
The
on
account of their fruits.
running through some
Carissa
the result of my observations and inquiries.
now
substitute
Carandas, which elsewhere furnishes a well-known
is closely allied to the Arduina
of
1, Soil,on which so much depends. Tlie Belgiansgrow their for Eed Currant jelly,
in leaf mould, but it is leaf mould
Camellias entirely
of a peculiarLinDEEUS.
that there are other members
Bat it must also be added
of
character,most of it probablythirtyor fortyyears old.
It is obtained in a manner
I think accessible to ourselves,
from
this particular
of so agreeablea
family which are by no means
in those ravines and undulations
in the
the woods and forests,
veneniflua
which
is
The
of
a
Madagascar,
repute.
Tanghinia
sort of first cousin
ground where the leaves have fallen year after year and have
of the Carissas and Arduinas, has a fruit
been disturbed,and where
with a kernel not largerthan an Almond, which is so energetic
never
they have formed a thick and
dense bed of decayed matter.
I rather fancy most
kernel is a deadly dose for twenty men.
The
people who
a poison that one
in
wooded
a
live
get this. It approaches more
Oleander, which is also of poisonous power, belongs too to
country can
to peat than the leaf mould
this
this
is
of
the
notable
instances
of
the
nearly in appearance
we
generally
one
family. Indeed,
fruit by some
members
of a very
use, while it differs very considerablyfrom peat in its texture, development of harmless
and is also much
lighterwhen wet, and gives more
thorough baneful tribe. From my own
experienceI should be inclined
In
drainage,a point on which the Camellia is very tenacious.
to doubt whether
the ripe Amatungula would be found to be
saying this I wish it to be distinctly
understqod that I do not
if very freelyindulged in,although,on
altogetherwholesome
pretend to say that the Camellia will not thrive in other soil ; the other hand, I have never
heard
of any actual mischief
I am
only giving the Belgian system, and I know nothing to followingupon its use ; but that it would be very materially
hinder us from having the same
if we can use the same
success
improved as a fruit by garden cultivation there can be no
soil.
doubt.
The wonder is rather that the fruit should be so good
to be a matter
about which
it is in its rude state,than that it should have some
as
2, Potting.This would seem
tionable
questhere can be no second question as to how and when it is to be
qualities.There are few wild fruits that have not a
done. Bat I find that the Belgian plan differs entirely
from
of some
sort to be exhair-oil-and-furniture-varnish essence
tracted
I have always remarked
the extreme
smallness
ours.
of the
before
or
dissipatedby the refinements of horticulture,
in
sidered
the
of
a
pots in which their plants reach us ; but I have always conplace
they can be said to have become
worthy
this was
simply a matter of economy of space, and that dessert as well as in the desert. In the case of the unrefined
as they were
kept in as small
grown for exportationthey were
Amatungula the sotip"pn is certainlyof the " waterproof" kind.
done for it by cultivation
pots as possiblefor the convenience of packing : but this I found
If,however,this fruit ever have as much
a mistake.
was
It is done advisedly,and they maintain
that
turned
into the
the wild Crab had before it was
as
the Camellia does better and flowers more
it
will
able
valumost
a
regularlywith its Eibston or Newton
probablyprove
Pippin,
roots restricted. They say that we judgeour
addition to our gardens.
plantsof all sorts
like that of our
by the size of the pots, they by the size of the plants. If
The
flower of the Amatungula is formed
a
with us advertises any it is that they are in
smaller
nurseryman
common
Periwinkle,but it is white, and very much
while
60's,48's,32's,
standing
metres
of our
they say the plants are so many centithan
the blue flower of the Vinca
hedges, notwithwhich
high. For the same reason they do not pot so frequently
for
the specificappellationgrandiflora,
some
do
as
we
told me
one
the species.
has been conferred by the botanist upon
once
nurseryman
reason
every three years,
others do it every two years.
The firstyear they say the plant The flower is,nevertheless,
and
bright,star-like,
pretty
very
makes a long shoot,the second a shorter one, and, indeed,you
the dark glossyleaves. It is commonly
when it appears among
can
instances they set their
see it in the plants,while in most
time with the red and violet
the plant at the same
seen
upon
bloom buds also.
and in some
berries of the ripening fruit,
measure
suggests
Culture.
As to this,I see with many
it is insisted
3, Summer
the
until
the eye detects the very
of
the thought
Jasmine,
of green-forked
upon with ns that they ought not to be turned out of doors. curious armament
spines.
But the Belgianknows
such rule.
no
They are invariably
The Amatungula is very commonly employed as a preserve
put
outside in shaded alleysand remain there tilllatein the summer,
but this preserve is for the most
by the Natal coast settlers,
CULTUKE

THE

OF

THE

CAMELLIA

IN

BELGIUM.

"

"

"

"

JOUENAL

158

OF

HOKTICULTUEE

AND

COTTAGE

[ August 31, 1871.

GABDENEB.

with
rndely made, and, as it is ordinarily a perfectgloryof the garden is the Eriobotryajaponica,
neath,
white undernot do fair jastice
to its capacity. When
skilfullyits whorls of pendant dark green leaves,glistening
the mould
and fashioned
touched with the
of the Sweet Chestnut.
delicately
preparedit has a pleasant acidity,
upon
peculiar flavour of the fruit,which gives it a fair claim to The flower is an enlargedcopy of the Hawthorn, with the true
the centre
colonial favour,although it must be admitted
that even
then it Hawthorn
out from
of the leaffragrance,comes
looking
stands
a
long way behind the Easpberry,Gooseberry,and
tuft,and there ripens into largebunches of luscious fruit,
size and
Green Gage of Old England.
like small golden Pears, often of considerable
"
The
Kei Apple
is the berryof a plant belonging to the
weight. The tree is an evergreen, and has a curious habit of
interestingfamily which produces ebony and the iron woods.
always keeping itself in the fashion of a trim standard. E. J.

part very
seen, does

coarselyand

"

"

It is

largeevergreen shrub with small thick-set leaves,and

grows well in higher and colder districts than the Amatungula.
It is,indeed, properly a member
of the upland and inland
The shrub has hard wood,is of slow growth, and is of
bnsh.
greatvalue on account of the splendidthickset hedge which it
of
forms, densely armed with strong dry spines three-quarters
inch long,and as hard and sharp as a needle.
an
The wellKei Apple fence is a barrier which
no
grown
livingcreature
will face. It is simply impenetrable,and in addition to its
it
throws
outworks
in
the
out
form
of long
bulwarks,
proper
that are also bristling
with sharp spines. It is
stragglingarms
a deciduous plant,having a tender lighthue in the first spring,
into the dark green of the
maturing in the advanced summer
Beech, and occasionallyalmost assuming the sombre tint of
the Xew.
The plant is also dio3eious,
ing
of the trees bearsome
only a stamen
producing unconspiouous flowers and no
fruit. When
and trained into a fence, the Kei
not trimmed
into a very large tree. The plant is either a
Apple developes
with all
In common
Diospyros,or a near ally to that genus.
the Ebenaceous
plants it has some
afdnity with the Holly.
Another
the
of
the
species
Diospyros genus,
Diospyros Kaki,
a

Mann, M.D."

(FoodJournal.)

DESTROYING

THE

MEALY

BUG.

Theke
few who like to acknowledge the presence of this
are
pest in their collections. I am bold,perhaps, in saying that I
have been in summer
in very many
stoves and warm
plant and
unmistakeable
fruit houses, and in most instances have seen
evidence of its presence.
I am
sorry to say it,but it must be
the
on
said,plantsinfested with mealy bug are not uncommon
exhibition stage. Why, then, strive to keep in the background
what
will always show
itself?
I know
its presence
is considered
solelydue to want of cleanliness on the part of the
cultivator.
I have heard blame
attached where no blame was
due.
It is one
It
thing to find fault,another to have cause.
is a common
f
or
failing people to see the negligencesof others,
and utterlyfail in seeing what is needed on their part to make
cleanlycultivators. How
frequentlyare slovens made by the
little care
and the indifference of those whom
they serve in
the means
which
providing willingly
requisitefor cleanliness,
portance
they often do grudginglyor altogetherwithhold ? The imfurnishes a well-known
Chinese sweetmeat.
of cleanliness cannot
be over-estimated.
A clean
The
Kei Apple has been
name
conferred in consequence
and
clean
the
to
health
a
are
healthydwelling,
highways
;
person
of the fruit having been originally
noticed in the neighbourbut a dirtyperson and a dirtyunhealthydwelling are where
hood
of the Great Kei Biver, the stream which divides the Old
disease strikes in its greatestseverity.So of plants; they
Cape of Good Hope settlements from IndependentKaffraria, need a clean house, properly constructed to afford the light,
The
fruit is,however, quite as generallyknown
in the Natal
velopment,
air, moisture, and temperature needed for their healthy dedistrict as Dingaan's Apricot,the second part of this desigand these conditions must
nation
not only be provided at
being suggested by the wooUey Apricot-hke aspect of first,
The glass must
be kept so that the
but be maintained.
the skin. Dingaan, who confers the other part of the name,
lightis not obstructed by a coating of moss, and ventilators
the brother and successor
was
of the first greatZulu potentate, must be workable.
than one
I have known
more
gardener not
Chaka ; and was
also the chief adversary
of the Dutch
Boers, able to give air to vineries because their employers were slow
who occupied Natal before it became an English dependency. in supplying the required cord,and in other cases
the lights
It is to be presumed that he was
he
as
The
a patron of this fruit,
could not
be moved
because
out of order.
they were
has thus made it a present of his august name.
But that he
in comindifferent as to that,but not backward
masters were
plaining
used it in any other sense
ever
than a medicinal one
in those
of the Grapes being all at the top of the house, and
ante-saccharine
neither the cane
days, when
not its sweet
earlier than elsewhere,and in grumbling
ripeningthere much
extract had yet put in an appearance
in the Zulu Kafir district,at defective bunches and berries,failing
to see that that inis certainlyvery much
to be questioned. Distilled vinegar is difierence was
the cause
of red spider and perhaps mildew.
tame as an acid compared with the matured
ference
Indifference on the part of employers tends to produce indifjaice of the Kei
Apple. The Dutch settlers,indeed,prepare it for their tables
in servants.
as a picklewithout
and it is by no means
vinegar,
The most important agent in keeping down
contemptible
mealy bug is
in that form.
It is also,on this very account,a good preserve
thorough cleanliness. Mealy bug is one of those pests which
of the Bed
Currant jelly
class,when prepared with a liberal harbour in wood as well as on livingplants; indeed,it will
hand in the matter of sugar, and a thrifty
alid prudent one in
used in the construction
of plant houses,
exist on everything
the matter of fruit. From my own
should
be
and in the culture
of plants. The woodwork
personalexperiencesI am
able to offer Mr. Jackson my warm
October and March,
congratulationsthat fate thoroughly cleaned at least twice a-year
has allowed him to be innocent of the Kei Apple in its fresh
ing
using soft soap not less strong than 3 oz9. to the gallon,keepstate. If he ever chanced
to make
an
it from the glass,and this should be cleaned with clear
acquaintancewith it in
that condition,I venture to assure
him
that he will return to water.
Every wall should be coated with limewash, adding
his first love,the Kei Apple preserve.
1 lb. flowers of sulphurand 4 ozs. of soft soap to every gallon,
There
are other fruits which are
most valued acquaintand the woodwork should be well painted every alternate year
now
ances
in every garden of Natal; not, however, indigenous, "better
The cleaning must be thorough. Mealy
every year.
but introduced and naturalised productions. First and foremost
bug cannot endure paint ; there is no insect,probably,that
there is the most exquisiteLoquat, an importation into
its vapour, will not kill.
of turpentine,
especially
spirits
South Africa from some
of the islands of the Eastern Archipelago.
As regardscleaning the plants,I am
a firm believer in water
The Loquat is a small apple,just of the rightsize for being the best thing to use.
Mealy bug cannot withstand it,
a tolerably
well-developedhuman
termediate
mouth, with a juicypulp inand, though it may shield itself from it in the cracks and
between the Gooseberryand the Peach, and with a
crevices,on the plant which can be subjectedto the force of
malic flavour stronglyinclined in the Gooseberrydirection. It water from a syringe its days are few.
When
fested
a plant is inhas two or three large central pips, almost arrivingat the
to see
(and all plants should be frequentlyexamined
o
f
stones.
In
the
is
much
insect
should
that they are free of
I advise that it
dignity
be
fact,
Loquat
a small
very
pests),
apple,that you can squeeze like a Gooseberry,and that has a gone over where it stands,if this can be done, and if not, it
flavour more
with the least disturbance
exquisiteand delicate than the best Apple of should be removed
not that the
England. It is one of the most agreeableand refreshing
and one
fruits insects are
dropped may
likelyto run, but theyfall,
that can be encountered
in a hot climate ; and it has the great soon
it falls ;
which
other plants near
cause
a generation on
advantagethat it can be indulged in without any of those but if cleaned where it stood,if any drop, the insects will
second thoughts that will come
the
the
botanical
I
mind
when
plant
over
generallyreturn to whence they came.
go over
it contemplatesthe so-called harmless fruit profferedby some
leaf by leaf,scanning well every joint,and wherever
a mealy
atrocious allyof Dogbane or Nightshade. The Loquat is the bug is
it
is
taken
the
of
the
substance
or
brood,
cottony
seen,
Irnit of the Eriobotryajaponica,a true member
of that honest
between the fingerand thumb, and this is after all the best
Apple family,whose worst perpetration,
That done, remove
the plant,
under the most uncure
favourable
; it is tedious,but sure.
is malic acid and rough cider. And
circumstances,
and layingthe pot on its side syringe the plant thoroughly,
"

"

JOURNAL

Angnst 31, 1871. 1

OF

HOETIOULTUEE

AND

COTTAGE

GAEDENEE.

159

employ no less than three lustyelephantsto drag each of the

turning it round so that it may have the force of the water
miles distant,and they
directed against every part. The water should be heated to a best specimens to my locality,
a few
temperature of 160",and to every three gallons add a wine- found it hard labour,too ; the ground being soft and marshy,
with no vestigeof a roadway, all stumps, and bushes, and bogs,
glassfulof spiritsof turpentineand 12 ozs. of soft soap. The
This will putting wheels
solution should be appliedat a temperature of 140".
rollers quite out of consideration. Slowly
or
it
and surelymy mast-like logs found their way to my work ! I
but
all
the
the
hand-squeezing,
destroy
mealy bug escaping
will return to this little-known order of Garcinaceaj presently.
is not applicableto all kinds of plants. Those with smooth
A rival in beautyand utility,
hard leaves it will not injure,but those with soft hairy leaves
though quiteof another type,
it will destroy.Examples of plants which it will not injure appears in profuse array, the gorgeous Lagerstrremia
regina;
are
Gardenias,Ixoras,and Stephanotis,and those which it will every spike of rose-red flowers enough to filla market-basket.
the
of
soft
in
its
Gloxinias.
In
Grand
bloom
and
in
its
stout
case
injure are exemplifiedby the
growth, yielding
regal
durable though crooked
for
logs,preferredby the Burmese
hairy-leaved
plants,the best method is to persistin the handcleaning,and syringingwith water only at a temperature of ship's"knees," and by the 'cute Anglo-Indian adventurer for
the roof supports of his residence, this lovelytree attains a
120".
clear the plants of those
Either persistedin will soon
and flowers annually in the garpests not that the insect may not return, which it assuredly moderate size in cultivation,
dens
itself
in
the
of Lower
will do if of long standing. It hides
woodwork,
Bengal.
On
when
least
Central
and
and
Lower
the
expected.
entering
Assam,
European stranger
plungingmaterial,"o.,
reappears
This remedy may, perhaps,be known
woodland
to everybody,but it is is overpowered with admiration
of the gigantic
scenery.
As he ascends the noble Burrampooter, winding among
not applicable
in every case, as it is impossiblevery often to
ranges
the subjects,
and the solution appliedto them may drip of little hills and grand mountains, he will with his telescope
s^emove
and occasionally
the interminable
on
scan
tracts of dark forest,
subjectsit would injure. For individual plantsit answers
"
That
the lower
define its constituent
well,but for a house somethingdifferent must be used.
Sylva." Spreading over
it givesoff. The
his
the
of
the
from
proclaim
something is guano, or the ammonia
steamer,
country,
glasswill,
vapour
poop
of turpentine answers
the same
robuata is indigenous and paramount, its
purpose, but it will destroy that here Shorea
tale of deaththe well-known
plants sombre and silent shade telling
every leaf that has not ceased to inhale,and especially
that do so largely,
as Gloxinias,
Aohimenes, Gesneras,and all of dealingmalaria,which has laid low many a bold hunter and
their family, along with Vines, "a.
The
brave botanist in the regionsof heat and moisture,the combination
arieingfrom
vapour
ing
to all but a few, and
so
guano, on the other hand, is invigorating
necessary to the life of this valuable timber tree,attainnoxious
It
to the latter,
in
less
is
its
the
doses.
dimensions
and
in
however,
powerful
equally
proudest
here,
easy,
even,
to remove
such
subjectsas Gloxinias,Aohimenes, Gesneras, atmosphere of the Nepaul Terai. The Government
riages,
gun-carand Ferns, and with the house
of the
the transporttrain,the militarybuildings,the warehouse
closed to scatter some
all
best Peruvian guano
the floors,
of the merchant, the craft of the native boat-builder,
on
just covering every part;
strain
then sprinklewith water
hour
In
about
and keep moist.
an
constructed of the heavy fibrous wood, supportinggreat
the ammonii
hence
it stronglyapand
and
evolved
will be sufficientto make
while
sink
in
to
water,
so
shook,
as
parent
heavy
the
in
remain
Let the guano
on
to the eye and nose.
and earthen pots to giveit floatage
requiringrafts of bamboo
walks as long as you please,
keeping them moist,and in case
by river. Were it not for the annual conflagrations
conveyance
of any mealy bug being found
repeat the application; but I caused by the primitivecustom of burning the old grass lands,
have not found it necessary to do so.
India would at the presenttime have been indeed overstocked
In addition to the guano
the floor,
I put in each of the
with this invaluable tree. Most of your readers may not be aware
on
resin of Shorea robusta,which is
is the gum
evaporationtroughs(Ihave all the upper pipes troughed in all that dammar
or
houses requiringa high temperature)
of guano, and
a handful
annuallycollected by woodmen, who pay a license for gathering
stir well up, repeating the applicationevery fortnightduring forest produce i.e.,charcoal,honey, beeswax, gums, and the
the growing season, and this keeps ofi the mealy bug, and is flowers of Bassia latifolia for the distillation of spirits.I once
useful againstother insects,
for which it visited a noble forest of this tree,the hereditarypropertyof a
red spider,
especially
served
IS a remedy.
Mahometan
priest. It had evidentlybeen tended and conThe value of ammonia
to the cultivator is well known, and
for the giants appearedas clean
by past generations,
the greater benefit of natural watering as compared with artificial and regularlyplaced as in a recent plantation
! I was
allowed,
in
of the many
due to its presence
of the monsters
watering is in a great measure
as
a specialfavour,to fell one
the one
I am
persuaded that hundreds standing in proud state,and found the timber very
ca^e, and absence in the other.
for sprinkling,for every three gallons used, 1 oz. of guano
solid and mature.
The
grain of the wood is much like that of
would
be vastly superior,more
beneficial than
water
The railwayshave availed themselves largely
only, our EnglishElm.
vernment
and the Gowhich from its being drawn from a source
monia
of its comparative abundance
and good qualities,
deprivedof its ammen
conservators are keeping a strict eye upon the herdspossesses no stimulatingquality. Strained I consider it
would
be very beneficial for syringingplants. Having tried it
and other incendiarytramps, to save
the young seedlings
"

"

"

Ibnt to

limited extent, I cannot

a
than that it has a
say more
beneficial tendencysimilar to that of soot water,it is of an
and does not
equallyharmless nature as regards the foliage,
discolour paint,"c.
G. Abbey.

from
(self-sown)

annihilation.

This is not the only preciousindividual in that remarkable

for Vateria indica suppliesthat elegant
order,Dipterocarpacfse,
Indian
resin known
East
to commerce
Copal, closely
as
resemblingamber, and often containingflies and other minute
natural objects. I have had beads and mouthpieces for pipes
THE
FOREST
HINDOSTAN.
OP
TREES
made
of this substance,but it is too brittle for much handling.
it
Combined
with boilinglinseed oil and a little pale dammar,
the
FoKEMosT amongst
crowd
of leafyprincesin ornamental
is
in
and
commercial
value
of
stands
tree
the
use
the
Ironwood
general
"beauty
by carriageand house paintersin the East as a
factured
the aboriginesof Malabar it is manuvarnish ; while among
and symferrea.
Burrampooter valley,Mesua
Tall,straight,
metrical,
it rears itselfsome
into candles,which burn with a clear light,no smoke,
60 or 70 feet high,taperingupwards
teria
in its glossygreen mass
and fragrantodour.
This gum resin is highly electrical. Vaof waxlike foliage,
beset with snowy,
temples near
lancifoliayieldsthe incense used in Hindoo
its
fragrant,golden-centredflowers of the Camellia character,
furnish the
timber unmatched
for weight and hardiness by any other in all the coast.
Isenis and angustifolius
Dipterooarpus
the immense
oil known
wildernesses of Ind, and its worth enhanced by its balsamic
as
guijun. An old tree will supply by
but will soon
for the axe has played sad havoc with the tapping and charring 40 gallonsin one
season,
comparative rarity,
rising
the product is rapidly
I presume
to be met with at the present perish; for this reason
very partially-scattered
groups
cult
the
most diffifor
time.
The
dried flowers are sold as a perfume. There
solvent
in price. I have found it a famous
are
of
north-east
certain conditions of soil,
forests
our
soluble
The
and
which
substances.
natural production
virgin
clime,
liave hitherto baffled the zealous arboriculturist in his labours
frontier and also Burmah
are its localities,
growingin the most
to propagate this beautiful wonder
of the woods.
I sent large dark and pestiferous
jungles.
in Calcutta,
Cedrela species are
quantitiesof seed to the Boyal Botanic Gardens
superb timber producers,yieldingthe
and ill success
to have attended all the attempts at finest woods for cabinet work, the darker kinds being almost
appears
the
and
unavoidable catastrophe of those
introduction,besides
takingan exquisitepolish. The older
equal to mahogany,
than once
gardens being more
utterlydemolished by frequent the timber, the finer the grain and the darker the veins. This
I was
inrricanes,known as " cyclones."When
buildinga is the favourite wood of the cabinet-makers and house carpenters
house in Assam, I succeeded in findingand fellingsome
East.
first- of the luxurious
Such furniture as bedsteads,dining
class ironwood timber, and when it was readyfor use had to tables,
chests of drawers,
chairs of every shape,sofas,cabinets,
"

JOUBNAL

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OF

HOBTICULTUBE

in all the splendour of French polish,

"e., are to be dallyseen
and of the latest European designs; it is generallyknown
as
"
Toon wood," and is very remarkable
for its lightness,
being
only a little more
tain
heavy than deal,unless of the scarce mounspecies,when its density increases,as its beauty also.
This latter kind is rather rare
in commerce,
though so plentiful
in the virgin forest of the upper Burrampooter districts; the

AND

COTTAGE

GABDENEE.

[ August 31, 1871.

in this

family,scattered over the more

rainy of our climates,
a moisture-loving
tree,in largedemand
by the Calcutta
veined.
upholsterersand cabinet-makers,beingbeautifully
All this order contain a great amount
of febrifugal
property
in their bark, their habitat being the most feverish localities,
the
like the Cinchona
and
Willow, both furnishingthe potent
alkalines quinine and salicine. (English
Mechanic and World
of Science.)
for it is

"

being that no local saw-mills have yet been started,and

the rapids are too heavy to raft such fragile
logs; indeed,there
the terriblegrindingforce of those
withstand
few woods can
are
OF THE
THE
PROPERTIES
AND
PREPARATION
which
not
smash
vast cataracts,
only
gigantictrees into drift
VARIOUS
OF
CHINESE
TEA.
IQNDS
them
for
in
i
mpound
wood, but more
ever
frequently
some
It is proposed to review the various stagesand processes of
beneath
the waves.
In the vicinity
of
unapproachable cavern
to the
the greatnorth-east rivers,
of Tea, as suppliedby China
the Upper Burrampooter,the Degrowth and manufacture
bong, and Dehong (the latter supposed to be the veritable civilisedworld, with reference to the medicinal and dietetic
"
life."
of
It
the
of
this
forms
various
of
the nomadic
tribes have long ago felled properties
Sampo of Tartary),
necessary
and cut out into canoes
all the specimens of this valuable tree, is to the credit of the Celestials that,whilst they do not live
elected to confine
the strict rule of Islam, they have
under
not only for their own
use, but for barter with strangersand
has commended
to the use of a drink which
themselves chiefly
frontier traders in salt and cloth,their two chief desiderata. I
itself to all sorts and conditions of men.
In no other country
obtained two or three of my own
in the rough after this
canoes
fashion,the Toon wood boats being preferredby experienced is such a store of wealth drawn from the very leaves of trees as
silk for clothing,
the Mulberryleaf furnishes
hands for navigatingthe most dangerous waters,their elasticityin China, where
and
hunger and thirst.
buoyancy rendering them more
manageable than other and the Tea leaf material for satisfying
The
Tea
timber. When
on
two expeditionsinto that remote
plant of China, the Thea cantoniensis or Theas
highland
is not the same
as that used in very remote
country (N. latitude 26")in 1858-59, I carried all my troops, viridis of botanists,
and two mountain
howitzers with their ammunition, and several
periods by the people of the classical period. They probably
the
used
leaf
well
of
the
those of other plants
as
days'commissariat,in these hollowed trees, the most primitive
Chicory,as
form of cava
and by portageat the most
difficult rapid stillused in various parts of the country,such as the Willow,
trabes,
the Holly,the Sageretiatheezans,and other plants.
of the Dehong, I reached
destination just fifteen miles
my
Since the seventh
Lieut. Wilcox, had
century of the Christian era the growth
beyond where the only European traveller,
reason

tion
extensive to invite taxaBut few accidents occurred
during the return of the Tea shrub has been sufficiently
arms
and two or three canoe
lost ; in
by the Emperor, though to a much less extent than cereal
men
were
"
Middle
the
chief
the
of
the
1
of
and
dom,"
Kinglight
than
dependence
people
handy canoe
crops,
managed to rescue more
the name
one
by which China is known to its own people.
man, and mine was the last boat to leave that inhospitable
The
Tea shrub is met with in Hupeh
and treacherous country.
province as a small,
stunted evergreen bush, varying from 1 to 3 feet in height,and
While traversingits wonderful forests I frequently
on
came
some
a
shoots,bearing
quity, covered with
precariousgrowth of young
crumbling giant Cedrela,fallen and defunct from antiIt is
serrated leaves.
and I well remember
ovate, pointed,and irregularly
walking in at the base of the grand shining,
ever

set foot.
Some

voyage.
my own

old relic of Nature and out at the upper

trunk,with plentyof
overhead
space
(I am nearly 6 feet high). I was always a
and possessedall the best that could be obtained.
canoe
fancier,
Two of these were
fitted in " barbaric pomp," with ornamental
roofs and screens
of a particularleaf,
combined
with lattice of

the hill-sides or terraces of such districts as have a

on
grown
red and rapidly
sandstone
soil,where rice could
disintegrating
of irrigation.The shrubs
not well be raised,from the difficulty
after some
ten years or so,
renewed
from young
are
seedlings,
Formerly
accordingto the enterpriseof the peasant grower.
the
but
the bushes were
five
renewed
extraordinary
years,
every
of the
and insatiable demand
for Tea has led to the exhaustion

splitbamboo and rattan,adjusted to form a sittingcabin and

sleepingberth ; these were, of course, largerthan usuallymet
with.
There
also a tinycook boat, fitted with its clay plants,as anything in the shape of Tea is bought by the specuwas
lative
tive,
hearth and the latest inventions of portableculinaryutensils,
The seeds are often aborand indiscreet foreigntrader.
the sheet-iron stove for charcoal
from
from
the damage done
to the tree by the remorseless
down
to the newest
ment,
treatand the littlecraft had its store-boxes and bunks
peculiar
toasting-fork,
strippingof the leaves. The seeds requiresome
ficial
in an artiveil freightedwith commissariat.
or
such as the soaking in a prepared liquid,
The
most
symmetrical of
seeds are
the lesser " dug-outs I had selected for the fishingdepartmould
oilcake.
Several
made
of
exhausted
ment
hollowed and fitted out under my own
placedtogetherto insure the growth of a singleseedling. The
; it was
eye by two
The
seeds yielda fixed oil,
turn rancid.
which is said to never
experienced " cutters," and then I added all manner
of small
is the product of
anglingdodges,and finally
stowed away a spare steeringpaddle Tea oil known
to foreignresidents in China
the
of tested Terminalia oitrina (shouldthis break all will certainly the seeds of the Camellia
called
same
a plant
by
oleifera,
be ducked and bruised,perhaps drowned), with the best canoes
name
(Ch'a)as the Tea shrub. The various kinds of Tea
and
the best men
all produced by
are
could procure.
Not once
in three namely, green, black,red,and brick Tea
money
the same
shows some
kind of shrub, which
slighttendency to
meet with a contrcUmps, though I dared anyyears did I ever
thing
and everything in a hell of waters," which
variation in some
such simple characteristics as the length of
be
must
three
and encountered
the leaf,"a.
four periodsof
The leaves are picked at
or
seen
to be understood by the firesideEnglishman.
Now
that the Forest Department has been thoroughly the year, commencing with the latter part of April. The bushes
courage
of the brick Tea, and to enorganised by Government, doubtless the Cedrelaceas will be are finally
clipped to make some
shoots in the coming spring. The
the growth of young
the debateable
protectedwithin our actual territory
; but on
leaves are dried in the sun
of the above nomadic
raw
hunting-grounds
by spreading on mats, and the
savages poisoned arrows
will ever be more
who stand in
than foresters !
shrivelled product pressed and rolled by men,
plentiful
In this valuable order of timber trees we have the satinwood
their naked
feet.
the
into
leaves
a ball with
tubs, kneading
of Southern India and Ceylon,yielding
and removes
This operationgives the twist to the leaf,
also a useful oil for
fluous
superpainters; also Swietenia llahagoni,
or
mahogany tree, long
watery juices. The Tea is seldom dried by fire by the
be wet and the Tea
introduced and partially
small Tea growers, unless the weather
acclimated ; in fact,the firstinstance
It is stored in bags
of this exotic seeding has just occurred
heat.
liable to mould
from the want of sun
at Madras.
The
"
fired " by
cyclonein 1864 or 1865 destroyed
or
one
noble specimens long enough to collect a quantity,and is then
more
in the Calcutta Botanic Gardens said to have been plantedby
thinnish
the
it
in
on
diaphragm of a
convex
layers
placing
the founder
of the establishment,
General Kidd, a century largehopper or basket,shaped like a dice box, with both ends
before. In a gale at Berhampoor, in Lower
Bengal, a most
open, which is put over a charcoal fire. The leaf is exposed to
by placing
exceeds 212",and is moderated
promising beautywas blown down, and I was so lucky as to this heat (whichnever
for about twomeet with a piece of the wood
the fire)
ashes over
time after. It had been
a thick layer of wood
some
sold by auction. Its grain was
whole
the
heat
good, but colour so unusually hours,being stirred up several times,so as to
ing,
winnowpale that I had to employ very dark French polishin finishing of it graduallyand thoroughly.Processes of sifting,
my work, using plentyof dragon's
blood.
mixing, and pickingfollow,and a final "firing,"to getrid
There are
still a few experimental trees at Berhampoor, of moisture
acquiredduring the manufacture, fit it for packing
foreign Tea
as
planted in low alluvial ground, where they do not appear to in chests.
Tire stalks are usually rejected,
make any growth. Then we have the fineChickrassia tabularis buyersdo not like them.
of
They contain all the properties
a

"

"

"

"

JOUBNAL

162

OF

HORTICULTURE

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

[ Angnst 31, 1871.

The antidotal power of Tea, so Btrongly

insisted
in cases
of
by the Chinese,is worth a trial,
especially
poisoningby tartar emetic or corrosivesublimate.
the

theine.

preparationfor trying the effectsof Tea in the delirium of

fever and the stuporof intoxication.
The Chinese are under the impression that foreigners
are
The use of Tea in certain forms of dyspepsia
is a common
instinctivenecessityto send and buy the
compelled by some
If
taken
drink
between
Tea
the
the
Chinese practice.
meals it
of
land of
as a plain
Of the influence
Glory of Summer."
It is obvious that the
to give tone to the stomach.
of Tea upon the sobriety
seems
of our countrymen and countrywomen
"
Tea " of our domestic tables,
there can
be no doubt.
When
a compound of milk,sugar, and
our
poor people cease to waste
much
their Tea leaves,and begin to eat them
water, is not the article intended to be spoken of in
as a dish, like theThe sooner
these pages.
infusum thecc is placedin the British
people of Mongolia and Siberia,another important step will
Pharmacopoeia as a recognisedarticle of the Materia Medica, have been taken in the direction of completely
the
utilising
the more
of this most importantarticle of diet and medicine.
are we to placeits employment upon
a scientific
likely
properties
Brick Tea might economicallybe introduced into use on
a very importantdrug from the contempt
basis,and thus to rescue
A tincture of Tea is not a desirable preof familiarity.
board our shipsof war, as it is cheap,portable,
good,and much
paration,
theine is only sparingly
as
soluble in cold alcohol. less perishablethan ordinaryTea.
F. Poktee Shiih, M.B,
An extract of Tea, carefully
prepared,would be an excellent (inMedical Times).
npon

"

"

COMBE
"Who
Such was

you?"

"

KOYAL.

Visitorsto Combe

miles under
Eoyal." " Ha ! Ha !" well recompensed for enduringa drive of thirty
the query, reply,and final laugh which occurred at such a sunshine; those judgeswere
ence
right,without any referthe door of the Maltsters' Arms, at Harbleton,where we pulled
the
the
to
excellent cider made in
specially
parish.
of August
That parishis West Allington,
in Devonshire,about a mileup on an 120"-in-the-sunday of this present month
to give our
horses a few mouthfuls of water. If our interrogator from Kingsbridge. The manor
ancient demesne of
was
an
had been even
a better authoritythan
the Grown in the time of the Norman
a parrot we
monarohs, if not even
should not have been deterred from proceedingto our destination,
previously,and was given by King John to Alice de Rivers,
for we
assured by good judgesthat we
were
should be
Countess of Devon, but reverted to the Crown, and was subsequently
are

granted by Henry III. to Matthew de Basils. Afterwards

divided into various smaller estates,
of which
one

it was
was

the time of Henry IV.,were

there in 1630,and how
residing
mtich later we know not. The familywere never ennobled,but

certainly" all that barton known

as Combe
Eoyal,"for a they have always borne " the grand old name of gentleman,"
the demesne lands of a
that the Luscombe
of tho
and we can
add, from experience,
manor, and is named in an
deed of the time of Edward III. This barton passed preseptfullysustains Westcote's character of the Devon gentry^
existing
to various possessors until the Gilberts became
"
its possessors,
affable,
kind,and courteous to strangers."
theyare civil,
and one
of the Gilberts of Holwell sold it in 1736 to an
because partof th"
Comlipe Eoyal undoubtedly
was
so named
ancestor of the present proprietor,
John Luscombe
epithet
Lusoombe, King'sdi'^mesne,but it also merits the distinguishing
is
a
asq. Luscombe
of
Devonian
of
the
woofi;,'
truly
valleys the county.
name
(and is Anglo- as one of the kings
Saxon for "a valley
of delight
of the valley,the
is at otitfa-extremity
The entriance-lodge
of Luscombe,
"),and the Luscombes
the parish of Battery,
in
held there a
other end, and the upproaoh,
as shown in our
fee in house is at

barton

was

knight's

{he

Angnst 81, 1871. ]

JOUENAL

OF

HOBTIOULTDEE

AND

COTTAGE

GABDENER.

1G3

is by
engraving,

a road
winding along the valleybetween the
well-plantedhills which border each side. Its situation is
peculiarlyadapted to the growth of exotic plants,as it is
the sea level,
and screened by hills from
280 feet above
the
south-west winds, and also from the north and
prevailing

and admiration of their size and beauty,and sent Mr. Toward

from Osborne to inspect
the trees.
The
be entitled,
the
justly
orangery, or, as it might more
for it includes the best fruit-bearers of the genus, i"
citruery,
the
side
the
has
of
southern
on
valley,
nearlya
aspect, and is

east.

recessed wall,as shown

in our
are
engraving. The recesses
all 11 feet high, but vary in width.
That in which the Lemon
is growing is 15 feet,that of the Citron 16 feet,and the sis
other recesses
12 feet. All of them are 15 inches deep.
are
The occupants of these eightrecesses
are the Lemon, Bergamot,
a

The successful culture of the trees of the Citrus familyis a

ance
of Combe
peculiarity
Koyal, as it is believed that the luxuriand fruitfulneesof the trees cannot be equalledin England,

protectionis afforded them

Citron, Seville Orange, Shaddock, Orange, Lime, and.
are
trained,and the frames of
reed with which they are covered by nightand partially Mandarin
Orange. Although the thermometer fell to zero last
caused to any one
One Seville Orange tree, winter no injurywas
of the trees,
by day, when needful,in the winter.
although
reed panels. When
their only protectionwas
from which
of fruit are annually gathered,is
vast quantities
we
saw
them,
known
to be 250 years old,from the fact that the
ripeningfruit was on all of them, and the healthyluxuriancetraditionally
when

it is remembered
that no
walla on which
they

beyond the
wood

or

grandmother of the present proprietorwas told when a child of their foliagewas most striking. Anyone about to erectsuch recesses
for the culture of the Citrus genus
would
doby her grandfather,John Luscombe, Eeq., that it was more
he became
than a century old when
the possessor of the place. well to have each 18 feet wide, for the need to prune back the^
The Citron trees often produce enormous
must
culty
several having branches in the Combe Eoyal recesses
increase the diffifruit,
attained 17, IS, and even
19 inches in circumference.
The
of securingthe frnitfulnessof the trees by avoiding overfine in proportion. No
luxuriance.
are
Shaddocks, Lemons, and Limes
been done
to the trees by the
Perhaps one of the largestspecimensof Acacia dealbata in
permanent injuryhas ever
severest winters,except in 1859-60,when
the grounds. It was, unfortunately,
a vigorousBergamot
England once ornamented
Lemon
which
and uprooted by the weight of snow
at the time bore a fine crop of fruit, broken
down
in an unwas
killed,
usually
A magnificent basket
averaging 12 inches in circumference.
heavy fall in December, 1859. It measured 54 feet in
of Citrus fruit was
in 1850
and the trunk was
than 5 feet in circumference.
more
presented to the Qaeen, who, height,
expressed her surprise From the heart timber an ornamental drawing-roomchair has.
through Sir Charles Phipps,graciously

been
of

manufactured.

A very large
speciesof Eucalyptus,
a native
huge bushes of Camellias,species of Aralia,Bamboos
froin.
stood the last winter well, and bloomed
vitifolium,all of which endure tha.
fusely the Himalaya, Abutilon
proof
the
spring
present year, while Embothriums
winter unprotected. We also noticed a deciduous Conifer,
the
and lanceolatum have been
with
their
of which
is doubtful.
gorgeous
name
We think it is the

Tasmania,has
in the

cocoineum
scarletflowers,
and Camellias
spinosa has done well,and
blooms in the open air.

prodigalof

GlyptostrobuB

bloom.

Desfontainea

OpnntiaBafinesquiana
grows

and

native of China ; at all events it is hardy at Combe

should
like to be certifiedof its name.
We
bed of Phlox Drummondi
one
in front of the conservatory.
We
of crimson, scarlet,
never
saw
a bed
purple^

pendnlus,a
Eoyal, and

we

must note
trees deserving
notice must
will observe that the Datura arborea in the
and pink flowers so brilliant. Beds of Verbenas on each side
conservatoryhad four hundred of its noble flowers open simultaneously.looked poor and paltryin comparison.
In the open ground we saw specimens of Cycas,
Almost equalling
the orangery in interest is the American

Many

more

plants,shrubs,and

be omitted,but

we

164

JOUENAL

OF

HOKTICULTUBE

garden, formed by the present proprietorin a branch

"
happy valley." Among a collection of other trees and

AND

COTTAGE

GAEDENEE.

[ Aasnst

years ago, protected it by

31, 1871.

of this
shrubs
it includes
the Sikkim
Ehododendrons
received
Kew
from
Hooker.
through the kindness of the late Sir William
Many
of them
well.
The
and
floriferous
are doing
most
strongest
are
Thomaoni, niveum, and Blandfordiajflorum
; the latter produces

thousand

tender sorts
and
Aucklandii.Falconeii,
Dalhousias.Edgworthii,
or
two others,will not endure
the winter even
one
at Combe
Metterniehii
has borne
Boyal. The Japanese Bhododendron

plentiful.It is equal in beautyto the common

largeDutch
yellow. I possess about twenty-seventrue speciesof Crocus.

stone

roof,which is still

extant.

AUTUMNAL-FLOWERING
Seeing

the

remarks

of

CROCUSES.
Mr.

G.

Abbey

these beautiful
on
plants,I was surprisedat the small list he givesof
its gay and peculiarblossoms
in the greatestprolusion, autumnal
them.
autumnal
Among
speciesI possess in addition to those
and the bushes of Thomsoni
are
gorgeous with their wax-like
by him, C. Boryii, white, September and October;
bells of the richest crimson.
Being seedlingplants they vary named
and
October ; medius,violet,
October ;
Pallasii,
lilac,
September
much, and several cannot be identified when compared with
vai:
mazziaricue,while,October ; pnlchellus,pale
Br. Hooker's
exquisitedrawings,or rather the platesfrom his cancellatus,
; Scharajani,yellow,October and
drawings. This year the beautiful yellowBhododeudron
Wightii blue,October and November
November.
This last-named
beautiful and scarce
species is
flowered for the first time, but the blossoms
were
pure white ;
from Western
Eussia,and will be some
its foliage,however, is unmistakeable.
years before it become
Some
of the more
"

the severityof the two last winters well,as have five plantsof
the Himalayan B. oinnamomeum.
The precedingwinters have

"

Eeoe.

NOTES

AND

GLEANINGS.

proved fatal to many largespecimens of the true E. arborenm,

We
have received from Messrs. Carter " Co. eleven sorts
two only having survived. The trunk
of one
of the defunct
of Afkioan
and
Maeigolds
Feenoh
at their seed farms
grown
trees was measured
and found to be, a short distance in Essex.
recently,
The Lemon
and Orange African are remarkably fine
above the earth,3 feet 1 inch in circumference.
both in size and colour,and their names
are
trulydescriptive
The recent proprietorsof Combe
Boyal have been gardeners of their colours.
Of the French
Tall
Marigolds, Dunnett's
well. As far back as 1812 a practice
as
of J. L. Luscombe, Esq., Orange is rich-coloured,
and very double.
The
Double
Goldfor successfully
raisingcuttingsof the Citrus genus was made
stripedand Double Dark are also excellent varieties.
known to the Boyal Horticultural Society
and approved by the
Fkom
a cataloguewhich
have received we find that
we
then President,T. A. Knight, Esq. The same
Societyawarded
the extensive horticultural collection
H. Laueentius, of
of
him
Banksiau
a
medal
for Oranges, Lemons, and
Citrons
is to come
under the hammer.
The
sale is to comLeipzig,
mence
oshibited in the Aprilof 1827.
on
Monday, September 11th, and will be continued to
October Ist. Herr Laurentius
of his partstates that the cause
ing
with his plants is a seemingly incurable
afiiiction which
CHEMICAL
OF
THE
POWERS
renders
SUNLIGHT.
movement
impossible,and after disposingof his new
There
to give up his business.
are
The facts stated in an article under
this heading,quoted in importations he intends
4125
of stove and greenhouse plantsof all kinds,
lots,
consisting
last week's Journal
op
Hoeticuliuee, if correct, must be
trees
plants,hardy ornamental
attributed to the cause
erroneously
assigned. The author is Ferns and other fine-foliaged
fruit trees,ifeo.
numerous
Conifers),
obviouslyvery imperfectlyacquainted with the results of and shrubs (including
teeent research into the constitution and effectsof light,
the
influence of which
vegetationhas been the subject of
upon
and the particularaction of the diii'erent
FOR
THE
WORK
WEEK.
many experiments,
The various-coloured
rays is now
prettywell known.
rays which
kitchen
oaeden.
white
compose
sunlight,as shown on analysisby the prism,
tages
Thanks to Mr. Mechi for proving on a largescale the advanare
the ultra red),
generallyclassed as the red (including
the
which vegetablesderive from the application
of manure
yellow,and the blue (including
the violet and ultra violet)
rays.
in a liquidstate. When
the sewage
water
of towns
can
once
The
effect of the last,or blue rays, is chemical,
principal
be brought economicallyto the surrounding lands and market
actinic as it is termed, and chieflyinfluences the germination
and
both
in
the
gardens,a great improvement
quality
quantity
of seed; their illuminating
and heating powers are smallest,
stead of
inIn the meantime
I wish to point
vegetableswill be insured.
their giving" the largest
of,as erroneouslystated,
quantity out that individual houses, however small, as well as towns,
solar heat."
The yellow rays, which have the greatest illuminating
of_
have
a
which, if conveyed to a tank, or to a similar
sewage
position contrivance where a tank would be too costly,and into which
power, influence the growth of the plant,the decomof carbonic acid,and the formation of colouringmatter.
the dung of poultryand the smaller animals, soot,"a., which
The red rays, the heating
is the greatest,influence
power of which
can
nearly always be obtained,could be thrown, a valuable
fructification mainly.
liquidcompound would be obtained from a substance usna ly
As a ray of ordinarysunlight consists of rays of all the
of course, when
thrown away, and which when applied (diluted,
colours of the spectrum, the effect of blue glassis in
to
reality
too strong)to growing crops in the kitchen garden,will produce
interceptthe complementaryrays i.e.,the yellow,red, and
effect on
the produce. As a matter of course, when
a marked
ultra red,and it would
correct to say
consequently be more
the dung of pigs and other animals is added, the tank must be
that the sun oast a diminished portionof yellow and red rays
be to convert
on
a correspondingscale, but the first objectshould
on
cast a beam
of violet
every leaf in the grapery, instead of
end matters usuallylost,
to a profitable
leavingthe bulkier
as if the violet were
addition
light,"
an
to instead of a component
the liquid substitute cannot
be so
to be used when
manures
of the ordinary
the effect of violet- well
If,therefore,
ray.
applied. I have noticed that liberal wateringsof the above
coloured glassshould be to augment the growth of plantsin
in Peas and some
other crops,
are the best preventiveof mildew
the extraordinarymanner
stated,it necessarilyfollows that which at this season
usuallysuffer from it,acting,as I presume,
the influence of the other rays which
are
by the
intercepted
by inducing a vigorous and healthy growth, and thus
the yellow and red raye
glass i.e.,
is to diminish vegetation,
to resist the attacks of disease.
enablingthe plantssuccessfully
which is quiteinconsistent with all experiment.
Attend to seedlingand newly planted crops with water, and
These facts are perfectly
well known
to physicists
and those
look over former directions as to bringingup any arrears
which,
with
conversant
vegetablephysiology. The chief practical more
in busy seasons.
or
less, generallyoccur
Keep a sharp
result in this direction of scientific investigation
is the introduction
the
larva
of
of
which
at
on
or
a species
grub
cockchafer,
eye
for conservatories of a glass coloured greenishby the
this season
does considerable
injuryto newly planted crops by
oxide of copper, which intercepts
the excess of the red or heating
eatingoff their roots. Slices of Carrots may be stuck in the
Specieoscopist.
rays.
stroyed.
ground, where the insects will attack them, and may be deTake advantageof a dry day to earth-upCelery,which
the
operationmust at all times be performed with care, holding
The
Oldest Bose Teee." The oldest of all Bose bushes is leaves well togetherwith the hand, so as to prevent the earth
"saidto be one which is trained upon one side of the Cathedral
gettinginto the centre of the plant. Sow the principalcrop
of Hildesheim,in Germany.
The
the
root is buried under
the winter.
Sow also largely
of Cauliflowers
for keeping over
below the choir.
The
"irypt,
stem is a foot thick,and half a
the most approved sorts of Cahbarje for standingover the winter
dozen
branches nearly cover
the eastern side of the church, in nursery beds.
and Lettuces to blanch.
Tie up both Endive
Let them be removed
bearingcountless flowers in summer.
Its age is unknown, but
Pay due attention to the crops of Onions.
documeats exist which prove that the Bishop Hezilo,nearlya from the soilas soon
ceased
to grow, if left longer
have
as they
"

"

"

"

"

JOURNAL

August 31, 1871. ]

become
than this they frequently
well ; let them be spread out in

OF

AND

HOETIOULTUEE

mouldy and do not keep so

dry shed till fit for tying in

Earth-up all advancing crops of Winter Greens and

ropes.
Eun
the hoe between
the rows of Winter Spinachas
Broccoli.
as it is abovegronnd.
soon
OAEDEN.

FKUIT

the

Eemove

runners

from

Strawberry plantsin pots, and

set

have free
and air may
far apart that sun
sufficiently
as
to their foliage. Gather Tomatoes
they ripen, and
access
time
much
in
demand
the
backward
and
at
when
same
they are
gather a few of the most forward and hang them in the stove ;
or, where there is not this convenience,placethem in a frame,
where theywill soon ripen.

them

GAEDENEE.

COTTAGE

1C5

at all times,more
atmosphere ensures

indeed
Give air very freely
the warmth
of the natural

FLOWEK

Besides keeping every part of this department in the neatest

of the stock for supplyingnext season's
order,the propagation

theless,
safety. Never-

of solar heat with a good amount

of atmospheric moisture
Many of the
early in the afternoon.
earliest growths of Orchids
showing signs of ripenessin the
forthwith
be
from
removed
and
plump pseudo-bulbs,may
leaf,

abundance

shut up

excitement
of the growing house.
Any situation where a,
temperature averaging 60" or 05" by night can be insured,will
the

suit them

well ;

very moderate

amount

of

ture
atmosphericmois-

will suffice. W. Keane.

"

OF

DOINGS

THE

WEEK.

LAST

KITCHEN
GAEDBN.

when
especially

GAEDEN.

have come
The seeds latelysown
up
the weather
well,as there is moisture

and stand
beautifully,

beneath
to keep the
plantsgrowing. The last sowing of Caulifiower may be
there
will be no
at the beginning of September, as
danger of that startingor buttoning too early. We have two
sowings earlier. Lettuces,Cabbages, "o,, rarelydo much good
to have
if sown
after the end of August, as they do not seem
strength enough to stand the winter,though several times we
Lettuces on hard ground in the middle of Septemhave sown
ber,
in useful
and they have stood the winter well,and come
will be lost.
their pots with roots before winter,otherwise many
in spring. By hard ground we
mean
ground not dug, but
While propagation is proceedingattention must be turned to
merely loosened a little on the surface,and the seeds raked in
for them, which, whether
of winter accommodation
the amount
covered.
It is well to have the main sowings made
or slightly
in the shape of frames,pits,or largerstructures,should be got
these days isfrom the 15th to the 25th of August. Between
tinue
in readiness to receive them before bad weather sets in. Confor sowing the main
a good time
crop of Winter Spinach,as
to plant out Pinks
as they strike root, bearing in mind
months.
in
the warm
autumn
when
up the plantsgrow rapidly
that those which are put out now
in the placeswhere they are
of
fine rows
watered Cauliflowers, late Peas, and some
We
those
lace
much
than
to flower next
better
season
generally
Scarlet Eunners, which, though yieldingwell,yet dropped more
planted in the spring. I would advise the growers to gather blooms than we wished to see fall. There was another reason
Pink seed forthwith,allowing it to remain
in the capsule or
the
for the dropping a thick crop of fine Turnips between
Plant offset Tulips, and commence
seed vessel till wanted.
no
doubt, but one hardlyknows how to find
rows, all wrong
all careful
arranging the best bed for planting. Of course
kitchen
the
demand
is
and
times
when
at
a
garden
large
be
all the time and attention that can
it will be
of plants which
the number
spared.
noted
should
be
wide
to provide
down, allowing a
necessary
tings
losses,"c. The earlier-struck cutmargin for contingencies,
and after they have become
established
must be potted-off,
bearingin mind
place them out of doors in an open situation,
should well fill
delicate bedding Geraniums
that all the more
demand

will engross
In all cases

young
made

"

growers

have

made

the necessary
too
stained or out of

remarks

as

to the state of the

flowers last season, whether

bed, whether
who is commencing

may
moderate
of their surplusstock at very reasonable rates.
I will name
a
few that are fine and should be grown by everyone, and,though
Charles
cheap,are indispensable. In Bizarres : Leonidas,Pilot,
the Tenth, Captain White, Polyphemus, and Duke
shire.
of Devon-

fine sorts

at

Byblcemens : Thalia,Musidora, Princess Eoyal,Queen

Eoses :
Charlotte,Chellaston Beauty, and Maid of Orleans.
Heroine, Aglaia,Catherine,Lady Jane Grey, Lavinia, and La
These are most of the fine sorts for exhibition,
and
"andicken.
when in good character gems in any bed.
Give Dahlias liquid
twice a-week, and attend to disbudding,"c.
or
manure
once
GREENHOUSE

room

small.

Let

us

remind

those rather young in gardening that one

left to swell and ripen its seeds will
than twenty pods gathered
in a fresh

high for their position in the

pod on Scarlet Runners
character,"c. The amateur
the plantmore
exhaust
have an opportunityof procuring
now
state.
cost,many extensive growers disposing young

AND

to look over
climbers,borders,"c. Large specimens
been placedout of doors to provideroom
for
other things, will soon
require housing. This,however, will

GAKDEN.

gathereda

ripe enough,

are

for

stillnot
the fine

crop of
to save
questionwhether it is

heavy
used

We
these late on the trees for dessert.
not better to gatherthem when
ripe,and either brandyor bottle
Morello is no
bad dessert fruit when the
The
them at once.
have
been.
of ours
fruit is large and
fully ripe, as some
house we have heard it prounder glass in an orchard
Grown
nounced
delicious by good judges.

OONSEBVATOEY.

Continue

FE0IT

fine lot of Apricots,whilst many

and would
not ripen kindly but
weather. We also collected a good portion of a
We
"c.
Morello Cherries for brandy, preserving,

We

DEPAETMENT.

OENAMENTAL

way for the changes and fresh

corridors^
arrangements to be effected in the conservatories,
"c., of which, as well as fresh heating,we hope by-and-byto
is a greater
depend greatlyon the weather. The earth worm
been
have
pottingplants intended
have something to say, we
to pot plants in generalthan low temperature ; every
enemy
for autumn
use, sowing Stocks,Mignonette,"c. ; but the chief
precautionmust be taken to avoid its depredations. Look well work has been an earnest oommenemg
of propagatingVerbenas,
to late-flowering
Scarlet Geraniums, Heliotropes,Salvias,Geraniums, "o. Coleus should also be got
plants. Late Heliotropes,
be somewhat
and
Petunias, "c., will now
in
that
potbound,
in and established in small pots. Owing to want of room, we
state,with the applicationof weak liquidmanure,
they will generallyput in most of our cuttingsin shallow wooden boxes,
ginning
produce an abundance of blossom on a lightshelf until the bethat they
say from 1 to IJ inch apart. The boxes are so open
of December.
Lachenalias
should be potted,and Persian
need no
drainage. If we have a little very sweet, well-aired
Cyclamens, if planted out, will now be fine bushy plants leaf mould without a trace of fungus,we scatter a little along,
full of young leaves. They should be taken
up forthwith with
the bottom, then we find nothing better than fresh sandy loam
all the soil possibleadhering to them, potted carefully,
and
If too loamy we
however poor.
put a little drift road sand
placed in a close frame or propagatinghouse ; a bottom heat of with the loam.
This soil is passedthrough a half or three75" would
be an advantage,
with a very moderate
atmospheric quarter-inchsieve,the rough goes to the bottom of the box,
temperature. After three weeks of this treatment they may be and the finer,mixed with some
fine charred refuse,is placed at
introduced
to the greenhouse,where they will produce blossom
We
the surface.
the top, and a little road drift-sand covers
in abundance
from November
until April. Where
Camellias, scarcelyunder such treatment have a gouty cutting,or any
Chinese
Azaleas,and the Hybrid Indian Ehododendrous were
of
tings
cutsuch havoc in boxes
of fungi,which make
appearance
not potted in the spring,and requireshifting,
the present will
is introduced in half-rotten leaf mould
when
the spawn
be the most
favourable
comingand
time, as the young wood is now bedung.
somewhat
firm, and the flower-buds are perceptible. We are compelled to refer to previousnumbers for many and
As this class of plantsrequire water very liberally
during one
minute definiteparticulars.E. F.
period of their growth, drain the pots well,and use very turfy
of fibrous loam for the
peat and sand,adding an equalportion
TRADE
CATALOGUES
RECEIVED.
Camellias.
which

Besides moving plantsto make

have

"

STOVE.

Littlefresh can be added here at present. Take every means

in dne time to harden,or rather ripen,
the growthalready
made.

Sntton " Sons, Reading. Catalogueof Bulbous

Plants,Seeds,dc.
"

"William

Panl,Waltham

Cross,London, N.

"

BuVi

Flower

Boots'

1871.
Catalogue,

"/i72/"rDablln.-C.rfaJo3"e
Street,

Brothers,10, Dame

Edmon""n,

Street, and Upton Nurseries,

""f"ft'^A^'btctot'lot'tstgate
"c.
Chestsr."

of Dutch
Catalogue

[ Angnst 31,1871.

GARDENER.

COTTAGE

AND

HORTICULTURE

OF

JOUBNAL

16G

Flower Soots,

heat the place comfortably.

Gheenhodbe
A SMAI.L

would

wnnt

will

"

CORRESPONDENTS.

TO
*

renuest that

We

"

"

,.

f- f'.^'^^^'TrJ^^Je
(-""K'''f
from the

ERKCTiNa

one

no

to any of the
wiU write privately
"Journal of Horticulture,

Cottage

of the
correspondents

they
Gardener,
and Country Gentleman." By doing
trouble and expense. AU
subTeoted
to unjustifiable
to
addressed
be
shoild
therefore
communications
"o!cJ|
so

are

The

171, i' leet

of the Journal ofBorticuUure, dc,

Editors

the
tiowill not mi. up
'^f.'.-^j-TniVakeflso
requestth^t^co^espondents
same

on

We

"tich

hara

a"4

hrown

are

oetwe^^^^

remain unanswered untU

N.B.*^Ma2y^t^"eTtion3''must
next

"

trees

the

when

as

remains dormant

for

year.
.

^ t""
5?"'?='^

is

in woods

wild state it is found

rich
deep, light,

Tn

low

t "^l-'!^^Jd
hang them
it^:iSl"XZX'l^
Sft'iie

in

up

el the

L.).-The

Wa

structure

best

IS

pamted

white,

the

fi,

stages

colour,

stone

be

^av

'cfl-adi^^l
^"^'^'^^^^^!B^J?:"o'fitfo
*

white

s.

trellis; but

"atnre
of the
^0
of
natnre

Th"
M , C. .-The
"

THKmNO

it should
=^."""by
that U woum

is to cling.

Ivy

not

aga^^^^^_^
succeed
.^

tor

^^^^^^

^^

r cPr\';^
LVa'dvare!r:i
w^^^^^^^^^^^^

'""""'"'"

Fielder

one

Wai-i, NOT
PAINTED
do not
We
douM
be
no
tbere can

AOAINST

vj.

T
T
Mavell
T.
J.
Mayell.

,"
is

address""

iv^:

int.

trees.
"

Mars, and

ana

"

be dry.

Stote
(P. F.
SLOW-COMBHSTION
W.C.
16 LitchfieldStreet,Soho,

JacKmans

sweu

is set and
'^^'-Vering
.-^^b^"
when the friiit

borders

Peach

and

of Vines

if Messrs.

^^^

wateL.
t^L^a^e'il^Uy^tSi^l
df^ln'^s^it^fesT'^hele'Ts

dry

to

it begms

soil moist when

the

to have

I Vine requires
'
water inside Vine

on

and water freelyif the season

De^

-ir, nwpTf!

,^,"^

f^ .\"[
t\^^g''
It gucceeds best
"""^'^''""^Pg
beat plantation of
north side
jtloVtS
l"'''"'^,^ of Scotland, th^e

"Probo).-Your garden

not

the buds

E"B.AST^^^^^^

S.CCEE".0-PBKSH."Ka

NOT

RASPUKKBIKS

active

in

are

being siven when

mer,

'''""S'JX
'Xuchwater will be needed
""A^"S/l^^aDc^8o"d
wateriug
"K"'"S"^\ll
g"^""'^"
will not be required
anoUier
to swell,
begm

be kept in that condition

and close o th.E
commencement

should

"week.

'BrcKH..B.n.HGn.P.s.crS."

^n
roKerLtrn^dTyp"erSd%''^^-^'r^
it.

north,

portionate
proof 70= wHh
tl^' ird''To?trtaiLnjight
teni^erature
a^rntrta-specVthesyringlngswIlln
a

rise by

fy./^"yt'i';SfJ"t"e,(eUter;
the freezing point;
Geuanium

in
spotted,

(O.K.
Spotted
o^'"? '"

Leaves
a

great

measure

P.)-

^r?er?re'^daV^?B\St^;Aft..thear^^^^
to65^
set,the night

are

or

l"am

good

ihe^eav

^^^^^^

'i?Te"oieg
'^"l
dry. and then give
turves,
rotted
light rather
from

a^nd
toori*
="^,""Xmo"t''o
loam
compost
supply. Use

boaldbefromeo
temperatureofyourhouse
^^^^ ^.^^^^
(C. '""/"'"^'iJH'vhnth
Diseased
Leaves
Vine
though we do not
thrips "^ yo^XTev leiven
"d spider
few leaves
have only
you
mar..s
they
the
know
see
any, but we
leave.^"^ soft-soap water
affected,clear them "ff'.a^i
^f""8f|""|'5;iXu
elear water at lOOS and

^^^

"

")

"ell-docompo3edmanure,

?L^n''^gIil"anra"h^^^^^
rimedy

emitted
's'tr'^n^^ly
by the plant
-7-,"7L^;r
^^^y'
Hybrid Perpetuals
Sea

the

neae

GEOwisa

Roses fob
the most

suitable,and dwarfs eUher

will generally
preferredJ^e follow
r^^to?c"e'.''o'S"ylny^t^rr;*'puSs"rfho^e
to
the
are

'c"^EA(0. B.).-You

cnnot

do

better than

employ

American
we

Burleigh^

;"^:^7Xoots
^I^'
the Manotti
on

or

the^

^^^

do

^^^

^^

""^y,^^^0,
";"^^"

sea
of
beyond the influence
Alfred Colomb, Baronne
Comte
de Sansal, Charles Lefebvre,

Centaurea

Caroline
Elle Morel, Eugene

Melon
Cox's Orange Pippm, the
Eeinette du Canada, ani Lord

ng

we^ ^^^^ :_Achille Gonod,

Camille Bornardm,
"\'4^ Nan euil, Duo de Rohan,
P'^""^*','J^^"J7
g^j_
ja
VaUlant, Paul
A-PP^''^^/,,
Marichal
Rothschild

be

are

ae

the
^j^eontinued
^^^^^

cul^^^ ^^^^p^

thought they
o'f't^'lme^r^^n
kinds,
JS'eVliii^gaTviSranl'rmf
we

did quite as well out of doors.

""",rj.mi_
SxaAWBEK..
SEPABA.I..
nave
nr,
runners
^^^
as the yonni? Strawberry
As soon
m
Bhoots
y
"""
"
the Pa""t ^la-aL
^^ ^^^ ^.^^^^
they may be cut from
'^^^j^,
trees have not been id] ared by tying
Nectarine
L^t ^
would
we
other cause,
or by some
in ta^fy loam, and if
them
inturiym
replanting
,^
portion of your trees this autumn,
fcis is successful ??"
time
at the same

Tea-scented Roses

o.

Jaokmanni,

C'""atis

Veitchianus,

EfraerracrrtS^!'oL?y\
emptica,and
?,"y=n".P"lcr'
^t TSii'tloTJ
RI.K.EHS^^^^^^^^^^^
thiiam coccineuin
C. Bn.iP0LrA("
Tr.^B^^^^^^^
m;cbophv.da
Cotoneasteb
'S^
^""f''!t"'ll''

ftthe Sbsoi?i3
.pa^'^-^Itdry,

Embo-

AND

give you

the

descriptionof both,

will

^bfh

enao

beneath, flowers

beneath,
'o.Tu.if''oVia??eav'^s""e'
SsuTlir-^K;
woolly
flowers

each

stalk

i:rp\nJ?hrerrL^'h'\1,\T^pidfr;nltildew!'will
shou^^
pla^t
^^
S^"H^arol"L'o^r
.^^^Tl^^
Wh\n^
prevent.um-

'

ming,
.^.,

and
"

the

two

or

three

LII.IDM

suddenly0. suuuen.
shoota from dying off
-ots

on

AOBATOM

TBEATaENT

(Hem)

-The

"

^^

"^''^ '|i;?"='=^^f-''^"""Tff!r'iVo'irdi'iin'
rough,^o.
-'"*"-"
-^'
tw^^^a^tr^tt^^^'--^^
i^Aui'fr.^X
"^^^^^
-aik^roTrrg^ln'^^rnSf
'"'='

^fXr
was

heated
,ted by

"--

diameter,

burner

with six jets,and

compost, rather
^^

frame

like

Ud of

saucepan

"^

Angast 31, 1871.]

JOUBNAL

OF

HOBTICULTURE

Bandy peat,with

a free admixture
of sharp sand. Pot ao that the crown
of the bulb may be from 1^^to 2 inches below the rim of the pot. Water
gently,and place in a cold pit or house where protectioncan be given
it to a cool,airy,lighthouse, and water so
from frost. In spring remove
as to keep the soil moist, but do not deluge the soilwith water,for nothing
is BO injurious. When
the stalks are about 6 inches high top-dresswith
rich compost, and water copiously.

Nadal's
Engine
We
{W. il/.)-"
Kefer to the advertisement.

do not know

where

you could obtain it.

Plantino
a Border
with
Fruit
Trees
(A Cottage Qardener). In
iihe border 11 feet wide you will not have room
for a row of Raspberries
and
o( pyramid Pear
two rows
trees. The Pear trees would
require all
the space. You may
plant them 2^ feet from the walk, and 6 feet asunder
OS you
could have
or you
propose, omitting the Raspberries altogether,
two rows
of Raspberries alone,which
tance
disshould be put in at the same
from
Two
the walk as the Pears,and 4 feet apart in the rows.
strong
or three moderately strong canes
should be planted together. You will
The
best
require thirty
stools in each row, sixtyfor both, or 180 canes.
Raspberries are Red Antwerp and Fastolf,size and quantity beingthe
"desiderata.
"

AND

COTTAGE

167

GARDENER.

proper
Where
birds are compelled to roost on imflightat once.
to wobble ; first they look as
perches they are seen
though they would fall down in front,then as if they would
falloil backwards,at last theyclaspwith their feet,
they gradually

widen them till theyrest on their breasts. Their feet

bones,
prevent them from fallingoff,but they rest on their breastwhich take the impress of the perch. It is not rest if
the energiesof the bird are
to be taxed to maintain itselfin
security. That only is rest which is the entire cessation of all

the feet are drawn

muscular
action,when
up under the body
and the toes are expanded,and theyform,as it were, a layerso
constituted as to supply a rest for the body in its natural position.
Enough of perches; and there will be those who will
"
them ; we are sorry
say, Enough of this paper." We forgive
for them ; but if they will deign to follow Nature our occupation
is gone.
As they will not, we have to do it for them.
and
Nature.
and
Soil foe
Moral.
Plants
Follow
Brahmas,
Bedding
soil
of
if
a good
(Idem).~Th.6
Cochin-Chinas,
your garden
an
lightloam will make
excellent compost for potting bedding plants, Pheasants
do justas well on the ground as on perches. Why
adding one-fourth rotten manure, or, better,fresh horse droppings free of do fowls seek the cross beams of
barns,the eaves of out-houses,
"straw,one-fifth sandy peat, and one-sixth of silver sand and charcoal,the
the mangers
of an old cart-house,
the calf pen that is not in
ivhole made into a heap and turned over frequentlyin frostyweather.
It
will be in good condition after it has been three months in the heap.
there are old wide beams
Because
on
?
which they can
use
Destroying
in
their
Wasps
Nests
and if your fowls prefer
(ff.F.)."Yon refer probably to
Make
rest.
your perches accordingly,
"ihe cyanide of potassium. Either that or carbolic acid poured into the
the ground, let them
do so.
See that their
on
to remain
nest at night, and the entrance
then stopped up, would suffocate the
of
cleansed every day. Hundreds
chosen rest is thoroughly
whole of the inhabitants. A strong solution of the cyanide has usually a
^iece of lint 3 or 4 inches square dipped into it,and then placed inside
thousands of Pheasants are reared by hand every year ; neither
the entrancs.
they nor their parentsare ever providedwith roosts.
Why did we choose our heading? Because we determined
to treat of all our principal
queries,and our next is the saving
PIGEON
CHRONICLE.
POULTRY,
BEE, AND
of food. When
we
are
idlydisposed we like to take down
does not?
"Bewick."
Who
Apart from the marvellous woodthe little tail illustrations are
outs and the correct description,
OMNIBUS
REBUS."
DE
No. 3.
and enjoyment. This
and a fund of amusement
inimitable,
of a very old man
leaning
cook
breasts are among
One
Ceooked
morning we saw the representation
poultry torments.
neath
has been noted on the chicken run, a littleleggyit againsta wall to protecthimself from the rain,while undermany
among
he
is
be
written
and
last
handled.
He
such
at
to
but
was
a
beauty ;
may be,
are
is taken off the perch at night. Master and man
Did yontlibut know what age would crave,
present:
How many
it would save."
a penny
the former expects the latter to say, " He is a beauty, sir."
SJike our friend Lord Burleigh,he shakes his head and says
All may not have,or may not read " Bewick," but we are not
nothing; but his silence is eloquent. The master takes the sure that the quotationwill not bear a wider and better application
bird in his hand only to discoverit has a very crooked breast.
than the feeding of poultry. At any rate, our limits
and he says there must be mismanagethan tiresome,
It is more
ment
this week afford no more
space, and althoughwe headed this
The man
somewhere.
have kept to our
says it is not his,and theypart " concluded,"we think,seeinghow closely
we
mutually dissatisfied.Bat there must be a cause for everything,
text,we must, as Mr. Crummies
says, have another "last
and it should be the part of those vrho take an interest night,"and conclude in our next paper.
have nearlyor quitehalf a
in the subjectto go into it. We
experience,and treat it as a question of
century of poultry
"

"

perches.

UNDER

DIFFICULTIES.

POULTRY-KEEPING
not so common
are
as
HOUSES
AND
YARDS.
years ago, and that of a Turkey,far vrorse than
difficultiesas Mr. Wright, but my
under the same
I LAEOUK
to a real deformity. In a market
it
that of a fowl,amounts
somewhat
different
perhaps, a
willtake ofi a third of the value of a bird. Some
; therefore,
peoplewill arrangements are
of your readerp.
not believe the perch has anythingto do with it,and others description
may not be unacceptableto some
Cochins
in
in such
We
differ
from
both.
To
the
I
Buff
m
ore
than
one
breed
it
is
first
we
fact,
hereditary.
keep
only
;
say.
nay
Did theyever see a crooked-breasted Pheasant ? To the second, a space is out of the question.
'Can theyintroduce us to a yard where the deformityis not a
My space is 66 feet by 18 feet,and is enclosed by a 6-feet
wall on
one
kept ? The Pheasants
side,and 3-feet palingson the other,and across
very small fraction of the number
a
nd
Dame
the
ends.
I have four houses and yards. The firststands in
Nature
choose their own
perches, good,kind,clever
the right-handside,is built of brick,and
on
tellsthem what is good for them.
While stillpoultsthey roost the bottom corner
6 feet square, which I found built : to this I added a
under or with their mother ; then theyjump on a small bough, measures
and
close to the hen ; as they grow older theyperchhigher, yard 15 feet by 13 feet. The next yard is 15 feet by 4 feet,
but still
the trunk of the tree. the next 8 feet by 3 feet,each having a house 3 feet square.
but on good-sizedboughs, and near
house
feet
3i
perch on a small one, which requiresthem to hold The next and last is 13 feet by 8 feet,with a
They never
it tight and to lean on it for support. A fowl never
becomes
These three houses are made of wood.
square.
enclosed
feet
inch
erooked-breasted
after it has arrived at maturity. The
is
3
formity Each
debroad,
high,H
by
palings
yard
is contracted in youth while the breastbone
the pales I have nailed a
and half an inch thick. Between
remains
and impressionable,
and takes the shape of the
to keep the birds from fightingand to make the
cartilaginous
ceiling-lath
One yard is entirely
shaded ; each of the other
tricts yards warmer.
perch. Pheasants do not alwaysperch. In many heath diswhere they abound, and oak trees do not, they roost in
three has its shed,with the back to the sun, measuring 3 feet
of
The
two is 4 feet,the other
the heath. In onr poultryexperience
and
feet
width
reared
sands
thou3
have
we
high.
deep
many
Except
they v?ere

in

Turkeys,crooked breasts

some

of chickens,hundreds antuiUy. Many of our Brahmas

and Cochins never
perch ; as long as theyare chickens they
roost in the rip with the hen. When
they pass into the adult
house,where perchesare provided for them, they never
use
in
the
the
ground
them, theyperch on
corners.
cock placed on the palm of the hand should
A clever Game
balance ; his legsput under him are spread out that he may
stand when he wants to get up, but he does not want to clasp,
the
and he rests on his feet. The Pheasant does the same
on
perch. Nature tellshim to have the trunk between himself
and the wind, and instinct has taught him the broad arm
of
the bough close to it is the most natural and most secure
ing
roostplace. If he be disturbed he stands up, and takes his

10 feet,
and are covered with sackinggas-tarred,
supported by
piecesof wood an inch square. In the door of each house is
of glass4 inches square, and a hole sufficiently
large
a pane
each hole at
for the birds to go in and out. A flapcovers
in
the
horizontal
to
is
raised
position
a
daytime
night,which
of a pieceof twine,to keep the rain from beatingin.
by means
of gates two or three yards can be thrown into one.
By means
The floors of the houses and yardsare composed of a layerof
ness
thickashes 12 inches deep,and a layerof gravelof the same
from a lime pit. The gravelis turned up about six times
a-year.

Outside the

yard is a

broody hens, by which

by 2 feet,into which I put

theyare alwayscured in three or

coop, 3 feet

means

168

OP

JOXJENAL

fotir
about

HOETIOULTUKE

AND

COTTAGE

GAEDEKEE.

[ Anguat 31, 1871.

dajs.

Each
with moveable
house is famished
perches than to see pens filled with birds reared under the greatest
6 inches high and 4 inches broad.
These
duced
not introare
and the class who reared them lookingon and endifficulties,
joying
into the chicken
houses
till the birds are about
six
themselves. Wiltshiee Kecioe.
months
old.
The remaining space
47 feet by 18 feet is
The dropgrass, except the gravelwalk, which is 3 feet wide.
pings
removed
from the houses, yards,and grass daily.
are
POULTEY
EXPERIENCE
PUECHASED.
This I find as little trouble as doing it once
twice a-week ;
or
Some years ago I had a couple of fowls presented to me
the droppings are not then trodden into the ground.
besides,
knowledge of poultry consisted
my
I keep my birds perfectly
clean and healthy. quite unexpectedly,when
By these means
entirelyof neatlydissected partsnicelyroasted,as a leg,wing,
I have lost but one adult bird in four years.
I never
lose more
or
part of the breast,and in that benighted condition (we did
chicken or
than one
two in a season, and those have been
not subscribe to a " Poultry
Chronicle
in those days),
1 treated
weakly, and have died when they were
or
two old.
a week
them
the same
Mr. L. Wright describes in hia
as
very much
I keep six hens and a cock,and rear
about thirtychickens,
letter
last
month.
lived
in
a small paved
They
very amusing
and I prefer this number
to a greater. As proof of condition
yard, had plenty of hot sun and cold water, with barleyad lib.,
I may mention
that I have never
exhibited till the last two or
and
I
to
and die in
were
thought
they
ungrateful
pine
very
three weeks, and my best birds have taken the first prize on
the face of such good treatment.
Not so soon
I
each occasion
discouraged,
(five)and I had not to wash a feather. The
more
purchased some
"
just to pleaso the children,I said
has been
as
grass, which Mr. Wright mentions
a
difacnlty,"
studied
attentivelythe poultry part of your Journal,while my
laid about three years, and is in excellent order.
If the turf
be laid in November
and the birds be kept in their yards liegelord carefullyperused the gardening operations,and by
that
I discovered that other means
means
were
for a month
requisiteand
or six weeks, using the beater freelyin the meantime,
it will have a good start. The chickens will not suffer necessary for their welfare. I allowed them half our small town
time),all went on swimmingly,
much
from their confinement
old. After this, garden,and for a time (spring
at six months
afflictedwith an unconquerable desire for White
if any particularspot be attacked,water it well and frequently, until I was
Cochins. Their snowy-while plumage and pretty intelligent
and drive a few pegs in, leaving the ends 3 or 4 inches out of
faces so completelytook my
fancy that I did not rest until I
t'aeground. The chickens are on the grass during the whole
was
of the best I could buy. I durst not tell
possessedof some
of the day, except an hour when
the old birds take their turn.
what they had cost,for even
I thought it an awful lot of money.
They do not requireany other green food either in summer
or
winter,in fact they refuse it. This week I sent away a pullet Bat, alas ! alas ! before I had had them a fortnightthey no longer
deserved
the title of White
Cochins.
four months
They moped about,
old that weighed 5 lbs.,and I have one
or
two
seemed
wasted to
lame, and troubled with perpetualdiarrhrej,
which would weigh rather more,
I think.
I have reared some
a
nd
finally
gave up the ghost,leaving the cook to
largebirds in this space : one which I have, the cock,I bought skeletons,
his
and
their
mourn
to
untimely loss,
mistress, moralise
when he was
four months
me,
old
old,and he is fifteen months
upon the vanity and uncertaintyof human
pleasuresin general,
brick house, wall, and
now, and weighs about 13 lbs. The
and the keeping of White Cochins in particular.
paling enclosingthe space I did not pay for : the rest cost me
The cock I put in the run
with the common
hens by way of
under "5." W. J. Peace, Driffield.
consolation,and then by sellingthe eggs laid by a sort of
[We shall be obligedby the farther notes you proffer."Eds.]
Hock
of black and yellow
Silver-pencilled
Hamburgh, I had a
chicks slightly
feathered in the legs,that commenced
laying
last January. I set the eggs, and was very successful with early
PEIZES
FOR
POULTEY
EEARED
BY
THE
birds ; but as the summer
advanced, one by one they have
died.
More than twenty have I lost iu three months, and only
WORKING
CLASSES.
H. J. O.'s "
They
field for usefulness,by those hatched from the cross of Cochin and Hamburgh.
letter opens a new
'_'
first
appear lame,and sit about,risingonly to feed,which Ihey do
pointing a way to encourage those who rear poultry under
tillthe
not
last
there
is
of
flesh
a
on
greedily,
although
particle
Whatever is done under circumstances
which
greatdifficulties.
their bones.
On opening them the liver is soft and pulpy, and
precludemany from any attempt,and under which fair success
is covered with hard yellow
is achieved only by very great trouble,is worthy of special it,with the whole of the entrails,
lumps about the size of a large pea or nut. The heart and
notice,and if possiblereward.
It is a custom
in some
of our
I do to prevent this
am
country shows to have prizesfor poultryreared in the district,gizzardare always healthy. What
but I am
not aware
of any case
where
rewards
offered for vexatious disease ? I feed them in the morning with the best
are
with
the kitchen,and
mixed
from
good wheat, scraps
barley
the birds reared by the working classes resident in towns.
barleymeal wetted with water from the swill tub in the evening.
"Expel Nature by a pitchfork,and yet it will return," said an
have removed
to the country,and they have a large yard
old proverb in our school Latin Delectus,and here is a proof of We
with the run of the road and stables,
though they do not get so
its truth. A love of poultry must surelybe expelledwhen an
artisan or working man
grass as I could wish.
has been obligedto shift his quarters much
"
Dark
This
I
in
for
am
Brahmas, so strongly
going
to London, or some
year
largetown ; but no, it will not be expelled.
It is a case not dissimilar to the love of flowers,
by your correspondents,and I have a few very
stillkeeping its recommended
which
I
shutting them in
birds,
promising
keep
separateby
hold even up a London
court.
Fancy, as "H. J. 0." writes,a
dreadful raids on the young
the largegardens (butthey make
man
taking " a long journey after a root of grass, or a handful
of leaves,"and striving,
and at last succeeding,by dint of cabbage plantsand neglectthe lawn),and it is for their sakes
I trouble you for your opinion. Is that disease peculiarto
in raisinghis chickens to maturity. Such
industryand effort,
is it
or
is a kind of Cochin),
Cochins (andI suppose the Brahma
does deserve a prizecard or a medal to hang
a man
up in his
such as overfeeding,
I
caused by any treatment of mine"
"o.?
house, a few shillings
in his pocket.
There is another view in which this subjectmay be regarded. have searched through all the back numbers, and though I find
I hold strongly
than any cause
which bringsdifferent chaises of something similar,I do not find the disease exactly as I
describe it." T. K. L.
the
into
is
"

"

"

"

",

"

"

"

community

friendlyintercourse,

good

cause.

think
Peoplefrequently

illof each other from no other reason

[We are almost wicked enough to be glad that the Cochins
than that they do not know each other.
Class prejudiceshave
died,since they are the cause of our receivingyour clever and
often no other source.
is not of common
If the working men
letter. The disease you mention
could but more
interesting
Cocks
are
never
frequentlymeet the gentlemen (oftenas laborious workers as occurrence, nor is it peculiar to Cochins.
hens
when
classes
would
the
better.
The
attacked
it
both
be
German
fed
are
they are improperly and overthemselves),
by
;
bond is a love of Fatherland ; and now
ditary,
known
it to be herein England I long to
to force them to lay. We have never
do
We
have
it.
see
a mutual
and
conceive
fowls
in
diiferent
cannot
esteem
men
why
spheres
your
grow up among
;
such once
felt would make men
the nature of their run
trust each other,and then love
not quite understand
a largeyard,
each other. I think with this in view as one motive, the suggrass. We
gestionwith the ran of the road and stables,but not much
in " H. J. O.'s " letter should at least have a careful
must therefore go to generalities.We have the highestopinion
in
consideration from the committees
Brahmas.
in
shows
iu
the
pleasing
of our
of
constitution,
largetowns.
They are hardy
I think,too, this foreshadowed plan would
and good mothers.
the working appearance, good layers and sitters,
They
cause
classes to frequentthe shows in largernumbers.
This would
not largeeaters. Like all fowls,the more
are
range they have
be well,as an extension of wholesome
recreations for workmen
the better,but theywill bear confinement well. They will do
is what we all desire ; increase these and the temptationsof even in a small pen.
As our
objectshould be to keep them as
the publichousewill be lessened. Nothing I should like better well as possible,
should try to providethem in confinement
we
"

JOURNAL

170

appeared broody. Eight of her

own

eggs

AND

HORTICULTURE

OF

were

put under

her.

She sat as closelyas could be desired during the three weeks of

incubation and has hatched seven
chickens,and now bids fair
nest in which she
to be a good mother.
She sat in the same
always laid. I may add that she is quitepure, having been bred
H.
birds.
from prize
Welch, Camelford,Cornwall.
directly
"

COTTAGE

[ Anjnst 81, 1871.

GARDENER.

which
quality

I prefer
to size. Some specimens
appearedto be the result
breedingrather more than I think is desirable to insur"
stock.
The
first
went
to a large specimen,,
healthy
prize
in the dressing
wool fine,and with care
it would present even
a more
attractive and showy appearance.
The second-prize
Angora was large,,
rather shorter in the wool,evidently
in a state of
moult,''yet with a
fine head and eye of the rightform, and worthyher position.Both
of in-and-in

largeand

*'

these two were

does.
The Himalayan class was

ROCHDALE
This

was

Rochdale,

on

POULTRY

SHOW.

consideration to decidegood,and required

to the one possessingthe most merit.
The firstof Mr. B. S. Rothwell to my mind was
almost perfection,
as all the extremities were
souniformlyshaded^ of the dark hue which I prefer. The second-prize
specimenwas probablyequalin this respect,exceptin one point.
as

held in the gronnds of C. M. Rojds,Esq.,Greeniill,

the 23rd inst. There were
upwards of five hundred

and Eabhits.
of poultry.
Pigeons,
The Silver-Greys
were
very good,and almost all presented the true
headed
the list,the entries being few and the quality
"'pani!"h
Chinchilla shade in the fur, and that general
in its appearance
; and
Of Cochins,Buffs,Whites, and Partridge
were
very good, the
valuable first-prize
doe was
a
large
good specimen. The secondall the most
noted exhibitors competing. BroJimas were
also good,
and fully
deserved
prizeone was by no means
a discreditableneighbour,
the first-prize
chickens. Game were
noticeably
pen and Mr. Taylor's
its position.
few, but very choice. We do not remember
ever
havingseen a better
The Any other variety
excellent BelgianHare
class presented
some
Pile than the first-prize
cock. Of Polands,both the adult and young
and Dutch Rabbits.
The first-prize
largeBelgianiswell marked, an3
birds were
good. In adults Silvers were
first,Golden second; in of
a shade which I prefer
an
for this variety
agreeable
; it presented
chickens a fine pen of Silvers stood first.
Golden second,and a very
contrast to the wee
"VVhite second-prize
Rabbit.
Dutch
and
Grey
handsome pen of White-crested Blacks received a high commendation.
Some
fine and large.
Belgiansbelongingto Mr. S. G. Hudson were
The HamJmrgh classes contained most of the well-known winners,the
In the Selling
White
the fine Yellow
firstclass
and
prizeLop doe
entries were, however, smaller than we had anticipated
forLancashire ;
claims commendation
as a
specimenof what a Lop should be. She
the quality,
was
nevertheless,
very good. The
Golden-spangled
was,
not in veiy good order,yet the points
of excellence were
too evident
was
perhaps,the best chicken class ; in fact,we have seldom seen better to be overlooked.
The second-prize
buck givespromise of value,
at this season.
The first-prize
contained a very handsome
pen
rather dark.
though
and
the
second an
cockerel,
unusuallygood pullet.Mr. Pickles'
I regretto have to find fault with the owners
of such valuable pets
and were
first-class,
well worthy of a
highly-commendedpair were
for not bestowing
care
of the animals noticed a littlemore
upon some
birds stood clearly
prize. In Silver chickens the first-prize
out in a
and close examination, so as to insure their comfort at least,if not
In
goodcompetition. Black chickens the firstprizewent to a fine their
forwarded
for
health, and would suggest that every specimen
well-grownpen. Adult Dorhngs were sadly out of feather. The
exhibition should be carefully
inspected.This, I regretto say, had
chicken class contained some
well-developed
birds,the first-prize
one
not been the case, at least not with the scrupulous
which I think
care
especially
to onr
in colour ; the
so, but the pulletwas
scarcely
liking
the ears ; for the same
requisite,
complaintI made in my
especially
hen was
better in colour,but not so large. For Any
second-prize
last reportmust be reiterated. I look
the
as not onlythe
Judge
upon
other distinct breed, the first prizewent to good CriveCoenrs, the
awarder
of prizes,
but an
to the state in which each,
as
authority
second to Sultans. In chickens,
CrOve-CoGurs and Houdans were
the
of the pen is presented
to his notice as regardshealth, "c
of the prizes.Game
recipients
Bantams, it we exceptthe winners, Ioccupant
and here state that no
wish
be
to
no
means
by
misunderstood,
lot. We
were
a
are
afraid this breed is at present
very moderate
unhealthyRabbit was found at Rochdale, but one or two would have
The
class for Any other variety
making littleprogress.
of Bantams
been none
minute
to leaving
the worse
of a more
previous
inspection
about the best in the Show, containing
was
Sebrights,
Blacks,Whites,
their homes.
Mancliester.
near
Chables
Rayson, Didsbiiry,
Pekins, and Japanese,the firstprize being taken by Silver-laced
PPANISH."
1 and
Chjckens."l, A. Mollins,.
2, C. W. Brierley,Middleton.
and the second goingto a magnificent
(local),
pen of Whites.
Stjindeford,
"Wolverhampton. 2,Clews " Adkins, Walsall.
Duels were
the winning Eouens.
very good, especially
Geese and
2,H.
Cocmss."
Cinnamon
and
Buff.~l and he, W. A. Taylor, Manchester.
pens

moderate.

"

Ticrhcyswere

also well

E.
2, C. Sidgwick,
Leech. Rochdale.
Bridge.
Chickenn."'l,
An]/
Kvddlesden
W. A. Taylor ; H. Yardley, Birmingham.
Hall, Keichley. /ic,
other rariefj;."1,J. Sichel, Timperlcy.
Jic,A. Bamtord, Middle,
a, E. Leech.
D. CochranoA.
he,
ton ; W. A. Taylor.
ChickC7ts,"l
and 2, C. Sidgwick.

Lacy. Hebden

represented.

The Pigeon department

was
attractive,
peculiarly
many of the most
successful Englishexhibitors having sent their best birds. Pouters
shown as single
were
birds,with four classes allotted to them.
Mr.
Fulton was
the principal
with very fine specimens. Carriers
prizetaker
had
six classes,with a very keen
competition,Mr. Fulton's prize
Blacks and Duns beingparticularly
noticeable. Almond
Tumblers
"were
a
good class. In the class for any other variety
of Tumblers,
the first prizewent to very pretty Black Mottles, the second to a
beautiful pen of Black Kites. Dragoons had two classes,
each being
well filled. In the class for Blues, a grand pair,
good in all
first. The other fir.^t
was
prizewas taken by capital
Yellows. In the

Stourbridge.
he, J.
Colour."
2. T. F. Ansdell, St. Helen's,
BKAHMAS.-..1II!/
J, H. Lacy.
1,W. A. Taylor. 2 and he,J. Ashworth.
Ashworlb, Kochdale (Dark). Chickens"

1 and
Game."
2, C. W. Brierley. Cock."l and 2, O. W. Brierley. Chtckem."
he, J. CarUsle, Earby.
1,C. W. Brierley. 2, A. Milne, Kochdale.
Chjckcm."l, H.
Chester.
Polands," 1 and 2. H. Beldon.
he, W. Gamon,
2 and
Beldon.
lie,P. Unsworth, Lowton.
t
Hambueghs.2, H. Pickles, jnn., Earby,
1. H. Beldon.
6'o(rff
Ji-sj)a?i!;ifd."
2, J. Chadderton..
Brighton.
he, H. Beldon.
Ohickens."l. J. Stalter, New
1,H.
;":,H. Marlor, Denton, Manchester; H. Pickles, jim. Si!l'cr-si)a;M/c"^"
2, H. Pickles,
C/iiciciis.-land /ic,H, Beldon.
Pickles,jun. 2, H, Beldon.
he, H. Piokles, jim.
inn. Goldcn.penciUcd."l,H. Beldon,
2, W. Smith,
H.
Chickens"
he, H. Beldon:
for the medal
1, 3. Wrigley. 2, T. "Wiiglev.jun., Tonge.
competition
of Birmingpresented by Messrs. Ottley,
ham,
H.
Beldon.
2, H.
Silrcr-pencillcd."l,
Pickles,jun. ; J. Webster, Whitbv.
for the best pair,Mr. Yardley's
Black"
Blues well merited
i, I.
first-prize
2, H. BeMon.
Chickens." 1, H. Pickles, jun.
Pickles,jun.
the honour theyobtained.
2,W. A,
Chickens." 1, C. Siigvnck.
H. Beldon.
Antwerpswere well representedand good. Walker.
2, C. Sidgwick. (ic,
In foreignOwls both prizes
Taylor, he, Hellewell " Hoyle, Lumb, Newchurch ; T. Walker, jun.
went to Whites.
Mr. Fulton exhibited a
Clicfc'is."l, W. H. Jiang,
roRKlxHS."
1,J.Stott.
2, J. H. Slott, Preston.
fine pair of Blues deserving
In
the
a position.
class for Red or Yellow
Rochdale.
2, T. E. Kell, Wetherby.
/if,E. Leech ; J. Maudle. Rochdale.
Turbits,good Reds took both prizes
Any
other
Variety
except
Bantams.1, J. Sichel. 2, G. Anderton, AC; while for Any other colour
Feni'cowles, Blackburn.
Blacks were
cringlon (White Sultans), he, T. Waddington,
and very good Blues second.
first,
J.J. Maiden, Biggleswade (Creve-Cceur).
2, J. Sichel.
C/iicfccii-s."l,
The other classesdo not require
particular
description.
Game
Bantams."
Jiii/Fariei!!/.1,W.L. Entwisle. 2,T. Shaiples. Ac, J.W.
L.
2, W.
Morris.
Cock." I, T. Sharpies, Crawshaw
Booth, Rawtenstall.
Entwisle, Westfleld, Cleokheaton.
he, J, W. Morris, Rochdale. Any other
The Rabbits were
ftc,.
well representedby valuable
Variety except Oamc"
3, S. " K. Ashlon.
1,3. V/.ilorria.
specimens in the
2,H. Beldon.
C. W. Brierley; J. Watts, King's Heath, Birmingham.
six classes,
exclusive of the Selling
.an
class,and numbered
about fiftyand 2,.
IIVCK3.-Aylesbury.-1 and 2, E. Leech,
he, 3. H. Stott. Boucn.-l
five entries Lop-eared bucks, six entries
J. Scotson,
; Lop-eared does, four ;
T. G. Wakefield, Newton-lo-Willows.
lie,3. Ashworth ; E. Leech :
W.
C.
Brierley.
Little
Angoras, ten; Himalayan, eight;Silver-Greys,
Byrom,
NowtonleWillows.
other
Variety."
1,
Ani/
eight;Any other
2,J. H. Stott. ha,W. Eai-nshaw,Rochdale.
twelve ; and the Selling
The first-prize
variety,
class,seven.
Lop was
"inii(f."l
Geese
Grey or MottUdf"
and he, E. Leech.
2. T. Statter.jun.
a valuable specimen,
well marked, and possessing
pointsof excellence 1,J. H. Stott. 2, E. Leech, /ic,T. Statter,Jan. fioslini7" (any colour)."1,J.H.
to entitlehim to the creditable position
Stott. 2, E. Leech.
he took.
Ears 215 inches by
1, H. Mcrkin.
2, T. Statter,
jnn.
45 wide. The second prizewent to a broad heavy Rabbit evidently Tdkkeys."
Hens,Class "Coc/i."l, J. T. Travis. Rochdale.
2 and S,E. Leech.
Selling
not quite
Ears 211 by 41 inches. The
throughhis "moult."
highly "1, Birch " Boulter,ShefBeld. 2,A. Bamford.
8, E. Leech.
commended
in
no
with
pen appeared
unworthypositionas
"

t,

points"

'

"

compared

PIGEONS.

his two neighbours,

and was well formed and of good carriage.Ears
Pouter."
Bed or Tellow."Cock."l
and
2, R. Fulton, Depttord. he, E,
Hcn."l
Any oilier
and
2, E. Horner.
21 inches by 4|.
he, K. Fulton.
The
tortoiseshell doe claims notice, Homer, Harcwood.
first-prize
Co/our."
Ben."lrLUa
Cocfc."l and 2, R. Fulton,
R. Fulton
; E. Homer.
ftc,
as
her generalformation and appearance
the
were
and
outline
good,
he,R. Fulton.
2, E. Horner.
of the back was to my mind in true proportionand of graceful
Carriers.Bincfc." Cocl-.- 1. R. Fulton.
he, R. Fullon ; T,.
2. G. J. Tavlor.
ance.
appearR.
Waddington.
Hcn."l, R, Fulton.
he, T. Waddington;
Ears 20} inches by 4i. The second prize
2, E. Homer,
taken by a young
was
and
Fulton
Bluc."Coek."l
2, R. Fultnn.
(2); J. Stanley, Saltord, Blackburn.
Black of greatpromise with ears
inches
wide.
C.
Mr.
20g
long by i\
/ic,J. H. Harvey, Sheffleld;J. C. Ord, Lupus Street, Pimlico; E.G. Stretch,
Gravil's highlycommended
Ormsbirk.
Ben"
doe has ears 20* inches long by 4J wide,
he, R. Fulton ; J,
J, W. MasBey. Spalding. 2, J. Chadwiok,
Watts.
Any otlwr Colour." Coek."l, B. Fulton.
and is a neat well-formed animal.
2, H. Yardloy. BirmiDgham.
The Lops as a whole I decidedly
he, H.
he, 3. C. Ord ; W. Massoy. Ecn."l, R. Fulton.
2, T. Waddington.
pronounce
good, not so much as to lengthof ears, but in other points Yardley ; J. H. Harvey.
class
essential to a good Lop. I would
Whole
TUMULERS."
.-l/moMd." 1, E. Ilorncr.
Burnley.
2. F. Moore,
suggest that the pens in future for
JlaUh
or
Beards"
1 and
highly commended.
2, J. Fielding, jnn., Rochdale.
these animals be some
3 or 4 inches larger,
as
large Rabbits like to
he. W.
Kitchen, Feniscowles, Blackburn.
Any other Varicty."l and 2, K,
stretch out,
London.
in warm
and
then
their
Monkwoll
especially
Street,
weather,
large proporMinnitt, Hoalcy Vicarage.Rochdale,
he. 3. Ford,
tions
are
3. Fielding,jun.
2, G. J. Taylor. Whole class highly
Owhe.-Foreifin.-l,
very evident,and form a contrast to their more
diminutive
commended.
"n(/iM/i."
2, J. Watts.
1,A. Magnall, Broughton.
neighbours.
Black."
1 and
ButBs."
R. fulton.
ltd,G. J. Taylor. Any other Colour."
2,
The Angoraswere
E.
Homer
R.
tolerably
and
of
fineness
of
large,
a
well-woolled,
i,
(Dun). 2, Fulton, he,J. Stanley.
,

"

"

HORTIOULTUKE

OF

JOURNAL

Angast SI, 1871. ]

(Red). 2. J. Fielding, jun. (Red).

or
Yellom.-l, E. Horner
Bed
ftc,J. Fieldins, jun.
2. A. Magnall.
other Coioitr."l, E. Horner.
Blackburn
1, H. Yardley, 2. B. Bowden, Pleasinfrton Hall,
Any
ftc,R. Fallon.
2, T. Waddinaton.
Homer.
JiOOBiNS.-B"-"i.-l,E.
other Colour"
(Yellow). 2 and lie.R. Fnlton.
T, E. Horner
Mitchell
H.
; E. Homer;
Antwekpb.-I, R. Brierloy. 2, J. Stanley, he, W.
ToKBiTa."

Ami

2, J. H. Harvey,

Newark.
IjOversidge,
B!"e." 1 and
DEiOooNS."
W. Massey.
H. Yariley;
.ftc,
he, R. Fulton : J. G. Dunn,

A.
/ic,

Yetts,Reading

IM.

t.-

J. P.

t.

Birkenhead,
Yardley.
2, F. Graham,
Medal,
a, J. Holland.
CoJoio'."l, R. Fulton,
^iw of/ifi(2); J. Holland
Newcastle-on-Tyne ; F. Graham
_

H.

W.H.Mitchell.
he, R. Fulton.
1 and 2, E. Homer,
Trumpeters."
he, E. Homer.
MiOpiES."
2, H. Yardley.
1. W. K.tchen.
Any
other
Variety."
2, W. Kitchen.
1, H. Yardley.
Hanworth
Sellino

Barbs),

Rectory.

3, 0. E. Creaawell,
,

"

,,r

Class."
1, J. FieldinE, jun. (Owls). 2, I. Bush, Bowden
; J. Walker.
he, E. Horner
; A. M. Yetts (Carriers)
"

"

(Yellow

"

E. Teebay, Falwood, Preston,and Mr. N.

Judges.
; Mr.
Poultrji
Briyton, London, and
Pigeons : Mr. F. Eaqnilant,
Cook, Chowbent.
Sabbits: Mr. C. Kajson,Didabary.
Mr. T. J. Charlton,Bradford.
"

TRIMMING

PIGEON

AT

ALLERTON

so

SHOW.

and
the
out

to the charge of
Mr. Yardley repliesequivocally

trimming,

of one of his pairsof Nans at

conaectuentdisqualification
above-named
rectly
show, allow me to remark that he says cor"
the feathers were
not
abstracted,"but,then, theywere
and in an unmiaoff close to the stump, most artistically,

takeable

; and

manner

had

it not been

my

rule to handle

more

disproved theory that mother

aerial excursions.
Perhaps " E. S.'s

"

queens

do

sometimes

view is correct,althoughno

take

stance
such inmy notice.

of swarming into other hives has come

under
it is an
to put forth a suggestionlike the one I
error
it to be an overbold
made, I must deny. Either I maintain
assertion to say that mother queens never
take aerial excursions.
It may be of rare occurrence
I
believe
it
is,but the fact itself
;
That

"

"

be placedbeyond doubt.
I repeat
regard to the circumstances I have detailed,
again they are absolutelycorrect. The stock contained a pure
imported Italian queen ; nor was there any royal cell in it.
The box was
entirelydenuded of bees after repeateddrivings,
and every comb
But it is useless to
clearlyexposed to view.
never

With

further.
Let what has been written on either
argue the subject
side go for what it is worth.
has touched
Mr. Lowe
a
subject of great interest in
upon
referringto the departure of Mr. Woodbury. It needs no
of loss which
all your
words of mine to express the sense
readers in common
experience. I had the pleasureof a personal
ten or twelve years, and
acquaintancewith him for some
Whatever
and his

he aimed

wonderful

or

B. " W.

coutrol."

and

the

of all his knowledge.

accuracy
pretendedto know, he knew thoroughly,
and seUknowledge was only equalledby his courtesy

testifyto

can

As

171

All I said was, it would

"go to prove," by
than that in a case of uncertaintysuch
in apicultureis worthy of note, an incident apparently
clearlymaking in favour of the disputedbut still

incident

an

not

can

2, J. Boyle,jnn., BlackEiBBiTS."
loji-farcd."Biicft." 1. A. H. Easten, HuU.
and 2, J. Irving (Blue TorDoe."l
" Robinson, Kettering.
"bum.
he, Lewin
Silver-Grey."
/ic,E. Grayil, jun., Thome.
toiaeshell and Grey and White),
Hebdcn
2, S. Greenwood,
Bridge. Hmicdayan.
i and he, S. G. Hudson, Hull.
he, J.
2, J. Butterworth, Broadley, Rochdale,
1,B. S. Rothwell, Rochdale.
2, J. Baron. Castlemere, Rochdale.
Amim-a,"\, A. H. Easten.
Boyle, jun.
he, J. Taylor. Any other Variety,"! and 2, J. Boyle, jun. (Belgian Hare and
J.
J.
Butterworth.
2,
SellingClaas.-l,
Boyle, jun.
Dutch),
he, R. Leach.
A. H. Easten.
lie,

aiRDENER

which I detailed.
which I meant no

Nuns."

FaNTAiLa'."l,
J. Walker.

COTTAGE

AND

BEE-KEEPERS

DIFFICULTIES.

DnBiNs the latter half of June and the whole of July the
proved
minutely all the varieties that are likelyto be imby trimming, I should also have awarded them a first weather here was unceasinglywet. As a consequence, the bees
position. With the exception of the throats and crests, the harvested littleor nothing,but I believe increased in numbers
One
unusual
of my
hives is an
to an
extent.
birds were in perfectfeather,
ever.
showing no signsof moult whatimproved
I put a box on
This was
all seen
to prevent
by the Stewards of the department, "cottage." Early in the season
in
is
14
inches
inches
it
This
box
and
6
and those gentlemen commented
no
measured
8,
terms.
swarming.
by
deep.
upon
As to the pair of Dragoons referred to, Mr. Yardleydoes
Owing to bad weather the bees did not work in it,nor did they
On the return of fine weather
at the beginningof
swarm.
nothing to allaythe " uneasiness " whichhe thinks was created
this month
in my mind, and although the birds were
they clustered outside,mostly in a lump, under the
young, the sex consequently
difficult to determine
floor-board.
Here
at first sight (and he can
theyhave made a comb (in the open air)
see
the benefit of the doubt),
the
I gave them
of
yet he is very careful
shape of a mitre inverted,about 10 inches long,and
alone it is attached to
about 5 inches wide at the base,where
not to declare them to be of the proper sexes.
E. Hution.
story to
anything. A neighbouringbee-keeperhas the same
tell nay, more
two combs
hanging down from
; his bees made
THE
THE
SEASON"
WHITBY
OP
OPENING
last week full of honey,
the floor-board,
and he cut away one
and with nearly all the cells sealed.
CANARY
SHOW.
By procuringa Ligurian
this
cluster
hived
of bees (aslarge as an
and
having
queen,
When
is Whitby Show ? I am
often asked.
It's always held
her to the gentlemen of the openuniting
ordinary
by
swarm),
the Tuesday before the St. Ledger. Not that there is
on
examine

"

"

any
connection
the two,only I have known
between
instances where
it was
that
Donoaster
the
direct
via
most
route
thought
was
from
Whitby to the north, and that Epsom lay somewhere

between Sunderland and Edinburgh. Be that as it may, and

far be it from me
to dispute the fact,the two events always
come
together; and as the great Yorkshire carnival,big with

subjects? A
[We should
"

Galway

Bee-keepee.

at this advanced period

advise yon, particularly
of the
of the season, not to attempt making an artificial
swarm
the
floor-board
of your hive,either
bees
underneath
it surprise
hanging
by the addition of a Ligurian queen or otherwise. You may
at
opens

hopes, falls on Wednesday week, " would

"
that the Canary exhibition
season
I admit
that it is
"Whitby on Tuesday, September 12th?
almost too eariy,but being held in conjunction
with the
"early,
Horticultural Show, there is no alternative but to hold it at
the time mentioned.
those who made
Still,
an
earlystart will
have plenty of birds ready,and the recent summer
weather will
have done
much
to forward the moulting of all ages
those
so

many

yon

it be very difficult to establish them and

would
air movement,
keep them through the winter by plenty of food,"e. ? If so,
will you give suggestionsfor joiningher majestyto her future

to know

"

as
soon
please,cut away the comb, and as the
you
cooler the bees will all be able to find room
becomes
is
The
within the hive.
building of combs in this manner
in bad honey years.
not an uncommon
occurrence, especially
with
It is probablethat if you had furnished
some
your super
comb
clean empty worker
nice bits of some
your bees would

now, as
weather

have ascended,and have accomplished

considerablymore
work,
to their names,
and
younger
aspirantsfor fame also. The Show deserves well of all,having even although they might not have succeeded in nearlyfilling
obtain Langstroth's book through your
it. As you cannot
a liberal prizelist and
is under
the most
a low entry fee,and
write to Messrs. Neighbour, 149,Eegent Street,
The town itselfis one of the prettiest local bookseller,
experiencedmanagement.
i
n
and
the
The
is
London.
watering-places England,
price 10s. Eds.]
surrounding views simply
charming. There will be abundance of time between delivering
the birds and the opening for a peep at the quaint little
BEE
INCIDENTS.
place,and my advice is,make
largeentries,
bring your birds
which took place latelyin my father's apiary
An occurrence
yourselves,and make an " outing" of the firstCanary show of
W. A. Blakston.
I think may be of interest to your readers. A swarm
the season.
issued
with

many

prize attached

"

"

from
of his hives on or about the 27th of Jane,and was
one
A few minutes
after a queen
hived in the usual manner.
bees in hot pursuit.
with some
rushed
out of the entrance
I THINK
the controversy may
under the hive,but she ran out
rest with
She was captured and replaced
regard to queen
mothers taking aerial excursions.
The
cluding
Conquestion is certainlyimmediately,the bees apparentlyforcingher to do so.
not "proved" one
the
and
if
readers
will
two
or
there
must
be
he caught and
other,
way
queens in the swarm,
your
lefer to my originalnotes on the subject,
they will see that I confined her under a glass in the house. At the same time

QUEENS

LEAVING

did not state the fact

as

proven,

THEIR

even

HIVES.

by the remarkable

case

there

was

hive which

had been

out for five or sis

clustering

OF

JOURNAL

172

AND

HORTICULTURE

days. It occurred to my father that the bees wanted to swarm,

but had no queen
ready to lead them off,eo the followingday
the entrance ; the
he placed the queen on the floor-board near
and in less than ten
of the bees changed at once,
manner
which
has
done remarkably
came
minutes
a strong swarm
off,
heard or read of this being done, I
well. As I have never
thought I should like to communicate
Another
not be an

occurred about

incident

the circumstance.

fortnightago, which may

under
uncommon
one, but has not hitherto come
into an
driven out of their home
A swarm
was
notice.
the
and
after
the
of
hive
for
taking
honey,
purpose
empty
killingtheir queen my father placed the bees nest to a hive to
which he intended to jointhem in the evening,but they saved
him
all further trouble by leaving their empty temporary
quarters and peaceablyuuiting with their neighbours exactly
my

as

he desired.

"

G. G,

never
large. The
important point.

are
an

which

other.

the

The

uncommon

second

incident

occurrence,

you

mention

is

by

no

means

featheringof

the middle

toe is not by any moans,

Ice Pigeons
{A, Z.). We are only familiar with
the formf r of these birds.
Disease
Wing
[L. O.). If we rightlyunderstand
you, your Pigeon has
Draw
out the flightfeathers of that wing, and by the time
wing disease.
they have grown again the bird will most probably be quite well.
Keep
Pigeons
What
to
{E. B.)." We are at a loss to recommend
you
dealers.
A prize is not
name
to be won
birds,and never
easilyby any
variety. We do not sec how possibly we can say what are beet for you to
choice, and purchase of those who advertise in
keep. Make
your own
our
columns, and most likelyyou will be well treated.
Pigeons.
Far West, and other correspondents, require these.
Homing
Anyone having these to sell had better advertise them.
Chloroform
Honey"
ways
Dark
Green
{Grassendalc)."It is not easy alto account for the variation in colour in honey, as the honey taken
from
hives closely adjoining in the same
garden will frequently bo totally
The dark green colour of yiinra
different both in quality and appearance.
the bees obtained it,
was, doubtless,caused by the pasturage from which
of the chloroform.
Wo
and not in consequence
suppose
you have not
that the use
long been a reader of the Journal, or you would have known
of chloroform
for depriving bees of their honey has been for many
years
in the most
condemned
unqualified manner.
German

mentioned
it is probable that the hive from
bees were
clusteringout was on the very point of
the queen at the entrance
and
the
addition
of
swarming,
plied
supthe
a little premature excitement just sufficientto cause
commended,
Such a practice,
however, is not to be rebees to rush forth.
in the hive
in all probabilitythe old queen
as
would also join the swarm, thus there would be two queens,
in causing the
of risk from fighting,
or
amount
involvingsome
less apart from each
or
bees to separate in two clusters more

[In the first case

[ Angust 31, 1871.

GARDENER.

COTTAGE

and

Ural

"

"

"

METEOROLOGICAL
Camden

OBSERVATIONS.

Square,

London.

Lat. 51" 32' 40" N. ; Long. 0" 8' 0" W. ; Altitude 111 feet.

of

though not always attended with such

results." Ens.]
peaceable

OUR

LETTER

BOX.

Poultry
Show
{S.A. TT.)." As you intend to take legal
not be fair for ns to publish any comment.
Shows
Poultry
[H. and Others)."
Craven, Perth, and GAiNaBOROUGH
the show in our
does not advertise
columns, we conclude
If a committee
it is not of sufficient importance to deserve a report.
Broody
good
Dorking
Hen
(A. S.). Let hor sit. You will have some
chickens to eat next February and March, or if you choose to sell them
EEMAEKS.
hen has laid well.
a good price. The
they will make
Mosses
Bantahs
Ked
may
23rd." Dull, with occasional very slight showers ; fine at night, though
Black
{Hamburgh). Black Red Bantams
have been bred from
Duckwings, and may have been good enough to
quite cool and rather damp.
liave been helped by all sorts of crosses, and
24:th. Rain in morninp, cloudy and cold till6 p m., then windy and wot
take prizes. Duckwings
have
thrown back, but it is not a common
the birds may
result,and will
during tbo evening and tho night ; wind at times vci'y strong.
at
25th." Very fine till i p.m., then cloudy, sharp but very short shower
parts of the north Spangled Hamburghs
scarcely be repeated. In many
do not
recollect seeing them so called in any
called Mosses, but we
2 P.M., afterwards fine,with very beautiful
clouds just before sunset.
are
26th. A most
beautiful day, bright,clear,and refreshinglycool.
prize list.
"We do not
Crossing
WITH
Spanish
27th. Rather warmer
Brahmas
in tho suu than lately,but not at all oppressive.
(Anxioua Amateur).
If wo wanted
think the cross a good one.
28th. Fine clear day, and most splendid moonlight night.
eggs only we should keep pure
W^e
29th. Very fine all day, with refreshing breezes
aU day, and boautiful
Spanish, as their eggs are much larger than those of the Brahmas.
should be
made
we
not great admirers
but if they are
of crosses,
are
night.
We
should not, then, put sitters and
A most
free from
careful to avoid contradictions.
charming week, cooler than the last,though more
and
non-sittirs together; such are Brahmas
Spanish. Chickens of the
clouds, not any day on which it either looked or felt stormlike or oppressive."
at
will lay in the winter. The pullets*eggs come
G. J. SVMOKS.
latter hatched in March
of heated
Wo
do not approve
a certain
age, independently of season.
houses, and do not beUeve they help in any way to a satisfactoryresult.
All that is necessary is to have a roosting place protected from draught
August
30.
COVENT
GARDEN
MARKET."
weather
in wet and snowy
and wet, and where the fowls can, if necessary,
We have no alteration worth quoting. Supplies are about equal to the
i5nd dust for their essential dust-bath.
and Nectarinoa
and trade
remains
Out-door Peaches
demand,
steady.
Game
Fowls
(C. L.)."It is not at all an important point,nor is it a
not
round
are
London, but promise to be of
very plentiful this season
blemish.
of Grapes from Spain and
fair average quality. Our first consignments
The
Discharge
from
Nostrils
symptoms
Cochins
with
(J. W. if.)."
to hand, but realise very low prices. Potatoes ore
Portugal have come
at this time of 'year ; they arise from
you complain of are very common
largelysupplied both by rail and coastwise.
Blightcold consequent on the change of the early morning temperature.
bread and ale morning and evening, A
It is often cured by giving some
camphor pillthe size of a garden pea is a very good thing. If these fail
d. B.
B, d.
B. d
lb. 0 0 tol
6
Molberries
give them Baily'spills. It is not at all dangerous in Cochins.
i sieve 1 0to2
Apples
doz.
i
Bantams
10
8 0
Nectarines
doz.
Hamburgh
{Tctley).~yVe agree with you. Golden-pencilled Apricots
2 0
lb. 0 6
Cherries
Oranges
form
^100 20
are
would
Bantams
a beautiful variety. We
disposed to think a
doz.
4
0 0
0 0
Peaches
bushel
Chestnuts
Bantam
cock would
be the best bird to put to the
Red Game
Brown
0 0
doz.
2
0 0
Fears, kitohen
4 Bieve
with a thoroughly Cun-anta
You should got one
small Pencilled hens you name.
0 0
0 0
dessert
doz.
3
do.
Black
out
in
the
of
colour.
and
would
have
littleto
breed
red breast,
way
you
Pine Apples
lb. 8
doz.
2 0
4 0
FiRa
hens, you would from
Having bred from such a bird and the Pencilled
Plums
lb. 0 0
10
FUbertB
4 Bieve 8
most.
cocks that favoured
the Hamburghs
0
the progeny select the two
0 0
doz.
lb. 0 0
Qninces
Cobs
lb. 0
0 8
Raspberries
You would
Gooseberries
quart 0 6
put them to their mothers, and again choose the birds most
lb. 0
6 o
Strawberries
lb. 2 0
and
ments
Grapes, Hothouse..,,
like Hamburghs,
put them to the hens again. While these experibushel
10
12 0
Walnuts
8 0
^HOO
are
going on you can allow brothers and sisters to run together, Lemons
ditto
1
2 0
5 0
^100
Melons
each
and it is quite possiblethey may
good birds that will prove
produce some
You are sure to succeed, but to do so perfectlyis a
VEGETABLES.
a greathelp to you.
matter of time and patience. In the materials with which you start you
d, B.
a
B.
B. d.
cock
have faults to get rid of. The
size,but he
brings you diminutive
8 too
Leeks
bnnoh
doz.
a 0to4
0
ArtiohokoB
1
0
0
doz.
8
offends in colour and comb; the hens bring plumage, but they offend in
Lettuce
0 0
^100
AsparamiH
after the flrst
Mushrooms
10
3 0
pottle
must
not
the cock in the manufacture
use
size. You
4 sieve
Beans, Kidney
" Cress, .punnet
Mustard
2 0
8 0
bushel
Broad
In choosing
hatches.
You must discard the hens as soon
as you
can.
8
Onions per doz. bunches
doz.
2 0
0
Beet.Eed
look
chickens to run
together, strive to find them faultless. Above all,over0 9
10
quart
bundle
Broccoli
pickhng
or flveno
capital fault" uso no singlo-comb cock, no yellow-legged
Bieve
0 0
0 0
Parsley
Brussels Sprouts..!sieve
You must not put all your
toed pullet,no pullet with patchy plumage.
doz.
doz.
10
2 0
Parsnips
Cabbage
eggs in one basket, and therefore you must have several runs, from which
Peas
quart
0 0
Ir^'lOO 0 0
Capsicums
bushel
select the best birds to breed from.
We think the white ear
Potatoes
bunch
0 6
0 0
you must
Carrots
do.
and
double
counterbalanced
than
doz.
8 0
CO
Kidney.
comb
of the Black would
be more
by
Cauliflower
R"dishea
doz.bonoheB
bundle
16
2 0
to use
the dark
Celery
plumage.
Sebright-breedors are obliged sometimes
bundle
Rhubarb
2 0
4 0
Co1ewortB..doz.
bnncheB
Black
a
birds to restore and
tell
what
can
deepen lacing. They
you
doz.
0 6
10
each
Savoys
Cucumbers
tedious process
it is to get rid of the black.
basket
Sea-kale
doz.
2 0
8 0
pickhng
Brahmas'
Feathers
{W, T.)." We see nothing in your descriptionto
lb.
ShaUotB
0 0
Endive
doz. 3 0
lead us to suppose
there is anything impure in your Brahmas.
They are
bushel
bxmoh
0 8
0 0
Fennel
Spinach
doz.
Some become
are.
Tomatoes
lb. 0 8
very dark, and many
lighteras they grow older. The
Garlic
0 0
bunoh
Brahma
cocks do not furnish so early as the Cochins.
Turnips
bunch
0 8
0 0
We are always
Herbs
Vegetable MaR"ir9..doz.
bundle
10
content to wait for late maturityla cocks and pallets. The precocious Horseradish
8 0
.."
Waerington

it would
proceedings,

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

..

..

September 7, 1871. ]

JOUBNAL

OF

HOllTICULTURE

WEEKLY

COCHLIOSTEMA

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENEB.

173

CALENDAR,

JACOBIANUM.

In order to do this,
to November.
a certain amount
of attention and forethoughtis indispensable. I have
set themselves
amateurs
ANY
and gardeners
that Peas will grow anymade
often heard the remark
where,
new
entirely
plants,exclaimingtliat
Of course
those who
against
and under any circumstances.
all these new
speciesare rubhish, and they entertain such notions know but littleof the matter.
will confine themselves entirely
to the good
The garden ground here is not well adapted for vegetable
old plants. Another
class, again,flyinto
culture, being of a very lightnature, restingon a
the oppositeextreme, and will have nothing
rich
is
loam
essential
to
I
believe
a
subsoil.
deep
gravel
and are
hut new
always eagerlyand
plants,
the successful development of all kitchen-gardencrops;
anxiouslywatching the marlret to enable without it they cannot resist the summer
droughts. My
them to be the first to catch any novelty ea;rliest
are
generallygood, and obtained
crops of Peas
that may
Now, in some
respects without much extra trouble. It is during hot dry weather
appear.
both these are wrong ; for,without wishingin any way to in July that our
I
kitchen-gardendifficultiescommence.
depreciate
good old plants,there are many reallysplendid find the only way to obtain crops is by trenchingthe
of recent introduction which no garden should lack ; ground as deeply as the subsoil will permit,at the same
subjects
the other hand, there are many new
on
plantswhich are
time adding a liberal portionof manure
; this should be
inferior in merit to kinds already in our
possession; so done in the previousseason,
if possible. During dry
both partiesare
losers in weather the hoe is kept at work amongst them, and during
that by adoptingthe extremes
to pursue
The happy course
the end.
is, therefore, a excessive droughtthey requireta be watered.
This is
which
tinct,effected by drawing a drill on each side of the row, and
medium
selectingplants
one, carefully
appear disfor
to merit attention
their superior
and which seem
it up with water, givingsufficient to saturate the
filling
excellence.
ground to a good depth. A small quantity of water is
undoubted
fact
that many
It is an
grand plantshave
than useless.
worse
been introduced into cultivation during the last ten years,
For the earliest crop I grow Taber's Perfection ; it does
and amongst the best of them
is that called Cochliobut it
in quite so earlyas Sutton's Ringleader,
not come
stema Jacobianum
to the order Commelynacea3, is a much
be recommended
; it belongs
as
a
better cropper, and can
derives
from
and
its genericname
the peculiarspiralapand Harrison's
pearance
very useful variety. Dickson's Favourite
native
of its stamens.
of
it
Ecuador,
Being a
in next, sown
togetherthey are ready to pick
Glory come
be grown in the moist stove,and whether grown for at about the same
must
time ; both varieties carry large crops.
the beauty of its foliage
its flowers,it is equallygrand. They are much
or
grown in the fields in this neighbourhood
The leaves are strap-shaped,
No. 1.
sheathingat the base,from to supplythe London market, and succeed Sangster's
1 to 3 feet long,
and about 8 inches broad, rich vivid green
Daniel O'Rourke.
a
or
During the Pea-pickingseason
of
in colour, and having a narrow
The
mauve.
margin
and boys,
women
largenumber of extra hands, principally
flowers are produced from the axils of the leaves,and that, are
employed. The crop is seldom picked over more than
it commences
too, in the greatestprofusion,
as
floweringtwice. At the second pickingthe haulm is pulledup, and
March
in
and
without
a
nd
continues
mission
interusually
April,
the ground is ploughed, and immediately planted with
until Christmas.
The flowers are produced in large Coleworts.
Laxton's Supreme I have grown since it was
and
in
colour
blue
and
intense
are
and carlight
branchingpanicles,
ries
This is a moderatelytall variety,
firstsent out.
violet. Independentlyof the flowers,the stem is furnished
a
good crop of large well-filled pods. Champion of
with largeand conspicuousbracts,which are as persistent
England and Veitch's Perfection are both grand Peas,
as the flowers,and in colour are
of a delicate mauve.
from me.
to requireany recommendation
too well known
This plant should have liberal treatment, and should
These,with British Queen, I have found sufiioient for all
be allowed to become
by no means
potbound in small purposes.
mended.
pots. The soil ought to be peat,loam, leaf mould, and
sorts which are
highlyrecomThere
new
are
many
in equalparts,
with silver or
goodwell-decomposedmanure
of your readers or contributors have
If some
river sand added liberally.
The drainageshould be good, found
to existing
any of them to be distinct or superior
it enjoyscopiouswaterings
as
collects in the
; the water
varieties,
perhapsthey will kindly giveus the benefit of
base of the sheathing
leaves,and this should by no means
named
I received one
their experience.
Magnum Bonura
be poured out, as it is a greatsource
of nourishment
to the
it is equal in quality to Veitch's
trial this season;
on
think.
as some
plant,and not injurious
frequently
Perfection, but grows as tall as Champion of England,
Jacobianum
Cochliostema
is so extremely ornamental
and carries a large crop of the best-filledpods I ever
both in foliage
and in flower, and so easily
grown, that no
J. DoufiLAS.
saw.
stove, however
small, should be without it. Expekto
Ceede.

May

"

"

TEAVARIETIES

OF

PEAS.

There
held in so much esteem
no
is,probably,
vegetable
as a dish of nice
In many
establishments it
green Peas.
is positively
necessary to maintain a constant supply from
No. 645."Vol. XXI., New

Semis.

SCENTED

ROSES.
"

that
I QUITE agree with your correspondentStiff-soil
difficultof culture.
the Tea- scented Roses are by no means
Indeed, if treated properly,
the.yare easier to deal with than
But we must not lose sight
of
other groups of Eoses.
some
"

Ho. 1197." Vol. XLYI., Old

Series.

OF

JOUENAL

174

HOETICUIiTDBE

liable to Buffer from the

the well-known fact that they are more
frost and freezingrain in winter and spring than any others,
should
to be fully
not allow them
and henee
exposed to
we
those inflaences.
of dealingwith them are adopted here,
Two distinct methods
and
out-door
culture.
in-door
which may be termed
of 4-inch pipes (flow
house with a double row
A span-roofed
and return)has been providedfor in-door culture. The plants,
and dwarfs, are
standards
planted out in beds, the branches
of the strong-growingkinds being trained under the roof,and
of Grape Vines, while the more
in the manner
treated much
fashioned
into bushes and pyramids in
are
moderate
growers
Here there is an abundance
ful
of beautifront and underneath.
"

"

"

"

are
in
flowers in April,May, and June, before the Roses
One MaiSehal
flower out of doors.
Niel, a standard, trained
under the roof,produced this year nearly a thousand
ficent
magniflowers ; and the Climbing Devoniensis,Gloire de Dijon,
Madame
Bravy, Madame
Willermoz, President,
Falcot,Madame
de Gazes,
Babens, Safrano, Souvenir d'un Ami, Yicomtesse
abundant
and equally
and others,although not so proliiic,
were
beautiful. Many of these continued floweringthroughout the

ber,
autumn, so that at no time, from April to DecemThis is in-door culture.
of flowers.
there any scarcity
lines.
followed
diflerent
In
on
two
Out-of-door culture is
May young plantsare put out in front of a biick wall,but not
trained to it. Training to the wall stands condemned
by my
experience: probably the dry hot air from the wall creates too
greata drain on the leaves ; it is better to plant 9 inches or a
and

Bummer

was

AND

COTTAGE

tubers

each.

"

GARDENEB.

under each of them, and

Thomas
Pekdek, Gardener

POT

[ September 7, 1871.

of them weighed 2 lbsmany

to li.Durant,Esq.,Skar2)ha"i-

CULTURE

OF
MIGNONETTE.
eight seeds into a thumb pot, and place it
in a Cucumber
Alter the young plants are well above
frame.
them to the greenhouse, placingthem as near
ground remove
the glassas possible. When
they are an inch or so in height,
with a sharp knife cut ofl all by the surface except two of the
strongest; allow these to grow a few inches, then with a knife
In a few days shift each of the
cut
the weaker
one
away.
plantsleft to largerpots, and never allow it to get potbound.
Put in a stake,but not too near
the stem.
Nip out every flower
that makes
its appearance
with the point of your knife ; do not
do it with the finger and thumb, otherwise
the tender leaves
will be injured. In a word, keep shifting,
and allow no flower
until the plant is as largeas is desired.
be trained
Mignonette is a most interestingplant. It can
into any form one
may desire by attending to these directions.
I have no doubt it could be grown
6 feet high and 6 feet in
diameter at the base
justby the rim of the pot. Give plenty
In

May put six

or

"

and headroom
and there will be no fear. Never allow
to touch the leaves in winter, and give just enough at
the roots to keep the plantalive. Set it out of doors in summer
sheltered corner.
in some
Mignonette rtqnires a largesupply
of water, and will be benefited occasionally
by a little liquid
not
the
It is
until
second summer
that I would place
manure.
of

room

water

the wall,so that the air may circulate all round

the plants out of doors ; and as it is about Christmas
that we
all over
when
that they may
be watered
quired.
reit to flower,discontinue nipping off the flowers in October,
want
More vigour of growth and less spiderare obtained by
it will then flower throughout the winter months
in a cool
of flowers,too, the first
thij practice,and a goodly number
house.
Of course
it is well to have plantsof various sizes and
and autumn
after planting. The second line of outsummer
cretion.
disforms, respectingwhich the cultivator must use his own
of-door culture followed is to bud on the Dog Rose standards
The form of trainingwhich I prefer is the pyramidal
dwarfs in August, so late that the buds may not break till
or
C. M. M'Ceow, Nash Court,Faversham.
style."
the probability
the followingspring. If they break in autumn
is that they will be materiallyinjured and perhaps destroyed
that both the wall plants
to remark
in winter.
Bat permit me
GLASSES.
HYACINTH
POTS
AND
IN
CULTURE
and the budded
plantsmu'St be protectedduring winter. The
surrounded
with
former
be
In Pots.
It is not necessary
to employ large pots,or pots
evergreen branches, and the
may
tied on
buds of the latter may be covered with stripsof canvas
of a peculiar shape for Hyacinths. I'hereis nothing better
foot away

from

the plants,and

"

common
(S.J-inch)
flowerpots,and in those of COsize
manner.
singlebulbs may be flowered in a most satisfactory
32-fize
The pots usually employed are
and
48-eize (5-inch),
selected
bulbs
the
last-named
for
(C-inch)
being requiredonly
;
for exhibition.
We advise the use of small pots,where
grown
Hyacinths are grown in pitsand frames for decorative purposes,
because they can
be convenientlyplaced in ornamental
stands,
or
packed close togetherin baskets of moss, when requiredfor
the embellishment
of the drawing-room.
and it should consist of at
William Paxil,Paul's Nurseries, Waltlimn Cross,N.
A rich lightsoil is indispensable,
least one-half of good rotten manure,
and the remainder
turfy
The mixture
loam, with a liberal allowance of sharp sand.
CURRANT.
LA
VERSAILLAISE
RED
should be in a moderately moist condition when ready for use.
hollow crock must
The
small pots are employed, one
snfiice,
singularlycold damp weather which so long prevailed When
months
of the present
but 48 and 32 size pots must
be prepared in the usual way,
"during the spring and earlysummer
much
that in some
Currant
so
trees
with one
sherds
large hollow crock and a littleheap of smaller potyear affected the Red
instances it has proved fatal not only to the fruit crop, but to
nodules of charcoal over it. Fill the pots quite full
or
the
soil
the trees themselves,many
the
bulb
down
into
and
of them
then
being completely killed, of soil,and
it,
press
press
and others so infested with blight and insects as to require down round the bulb to finish the operation. If potted loosely,
close and constant attention to prevent the speedy and premature
they will not thrive ; if potted too flrmly,they will rise up as
soon
as
Finally,to quit
decay,which at one time appeared to threaten the whole
they begin to grow and be onesided.
of the foliage.
this part of the subject,
they should be nearly covered with
in
the
last
when
small
and
then
Of a few dozen bushes
in
season
planted
precisely
they must be
soil,except
pots,
grown
same
soli,and consistingof Knight'sLarge Red, White Dutch, only half covered,in order to afiord them the largestpossible
all have suffered severely, amount
of root-room.
Baby Castle,and La Versaillaise,
When
exceptingthe last-named kind,the plantsof which have passed
potted,the coolest place should be found for them,
solutely
through the tryingordeal,and have produced and they should not have a drop of water, unless they go abquiteunscathed
and
abundance
of
an
vigorous shoots,
fine,large,deep green
dry,until they begin to grow freely,and are in the
foliage. Tlie healthy flourishingappearance of these trees in enjoyment of full daylight. The pots may be roughly stored in
comparison to the miserable condition of the whole of the a dark cool pit,or any out-of-the-wayplace,where neither sun,
to induce
to send you a
as
me
other kinds is so remarkable
nor
frost,nor
heavy rains will afl'eotthem, but it is advisable
them
note of the fact ; for if this hardy and robust variety is as
in coal ashes or tan, and cover
a few
to plunge them
it
is
said
and
the
fruit
is
fine
in
size
and
inches
as
as
with
the
proliflc,
quality
plunging material.
to be, it will,doubtless,prove a great acquisition. Edward
As to their removal, there are two matters to consider. They
be
LUCKHDKST.
be taken out as wanted
for forcing,and they must
must
taken out when
they push their flower spikes through the
until
the
bed
Laege
Pkoduce
of
Potatoes." In the spring of the year I plunging material, as they willdoif they remain in
moval
had 1 lb. of Bresee's Peerless (a new
American
Potato). I cut spring. The cultivator must be guided in respect of their removed,
the 1 lb. into 46 pieces,and planted them February IGlh and
from the bed by circumstances, but when
they are rebe observed, or
must
a
distinct routine of treatment
dug them up August 22Dd, when they turned out the enormous
quantity of 135 lbs. Some of the stalks had five or six large the floweringwill be unsatisfactory.For a short time they

with bast or string.

The Tea-scented
Roses are improving rapidlyjustnow
; the
last two years have given us at least a dozen desirable varieties.
here both in and out of doors,and
The followinghave bloomed
and beautiful that they are not likelyto be lost
are
so varied
sightof for many years : Belle Maconnaise, Coquette de Lyon,
Azelie Imbert, Madame
Gaillard, Victor
Hortensia, Madame
Ducher,
PuUiat, Annette
Seint, Belle Lyonnaiae, Madame
Madame
and Madame
Trifle,
Levet,Madame
Hippolyte Jamain.
"

"

"

than

OF

JOURNAL

September 7, 1871. ]

HORTIOULTDRE

that the blanched growth

be plaoedin a subdued
dayligbt,
be
acquire a healthy green hue slowly,and they must
kept oool in order that they shall grow very littleuntil they
have aoquireda healthy colour. The floor of a oool greenhouse
first taken out of the bed,
is a very good place for them, when
and cleaned up for forcing.Another matter of greatimportance
the
is to place them as near
glassas possibleas soon as their
as slowlyas the
and to grow them
green colour is established,
requirements of the case will allow. If to be forced early,allow
plenty of time to train them to bear a greatheat, taking from
bed to pit,and from pit to oool house, and deferringas long as
possibleplacingthem in the heat in which they are to flower.
should be pottedin September,
Those to bloom at Christmas
cession
later. If a long sucthose to follow may
be potted a month
should be potted every
is required,a sufficientnumber

must
may

two

or

three weeks

to the end

of the year ; the latest

potted

AND

17.5

GARDENER.

COTTAGE

leaves averaging20 inches

plant above referred to has fifty
length and 2J in width, givingit a very gracefulappearance

The
in

We find this Anthurium

when out of bloom.
very useful
of Orchids
decorative plant,and when arranged with a mass
its
lastingpropertiesgreatly
in flower the effect is charming,
It also forms an excellent
enhancing its value for the purpose.
plant for exhibition. C. J. W.

even
as

"

SHOW.
HORTICULTURAL
RYHOPE
If, as the story goes, the clerks of the Admiralty did not
if
could hardly be surprised
where Sunderland was, one
know
of those pretty
asked. Where is Ryhope ? It is one
anyone
coast line is dotted,not a fishing
with which our
little villages
but a country villagepure and simple,though seated
village,
littlemore

than

stone's throw

from

the sea, about three miles

When I was a boy, and that's" well,never

will,of course, flower in frames without the aid of heat. In to the south of us.
littleplace; and it
the highest temperature of the forcing-pit mind how many
years ago" it was a pretty
any and every ease
altered its face,
attenuated is so to this day, though time has somewhat
an
should be 70"; to go beyond that point will cause
is employed and pretentious
three-storied bay-windowedhouses occupy the
growth and a poverty of colour. If liquidmanure
cottages of former
and extremely weak, until
or
two of the white-washed
site of one
at all,it should be used constantly,
model village
; triangular
the flowers begin to expand, and then pure soft water should
days. To me, as a child,it seemed a
ward
weststitution in
conbe used instead. It matters
not what is the particular
shape, its base towards the sea, and its apex pointing
the old turnpike road at its north-east
but it must be weak, or it will
of the liquid manure,
; approachedfrom
and
a
tied
harm
do more
than good. The spikes should be carefully
angle,the entrance flanked on either side by cartwright's
built
such carts as never
were, were
to neat stakes in good time, and a constant watch
kept to see
a blacksmith's shop, where
wrights
red and blue,in which wheelthat they are not out or bent as they rapidly develope beyond
and paintedwith that everlasting
shod
ing,
done flowerthe range allowed them by their supports. When
revel,where such horses were shod as are never
to float
burning hoofs seems
from whose
the very smoke
the flower-stems,and keep the plants in frames
remove
now,
where
the
village
green,
as sweetincense ;
before one's memory
supplied regularlywith water until the leaves die down; then
the long summer's
on
the rustics used to have their games
lay them on their sides in a dry sunny place,with their heads
where we
the
head
of
village,
the
rub
off
at
them
the
large pond
to the north, for about ten days ; then shake
out,
evenings ;
model yachtsthen, ours
no
were
used to sail our ships (there
the roots, clean them up, and store in a dry place.
whether
In Glasses
It is of littleconsequence
rain,river, were substantial brigsand schooners, well rigged,and smelling
used to dry thoroughly" the
or
spring water be employed in this mode of culture, but it stronglyof paint which never
the
offensive.
; the farmhouses,
friendlyshipwright)
should be clean,and of a kind not likelyto become
handiwork of some
who used
Pill the glassessufficiently
full that the bulbs will nearly,but
cow-byres,the milk carts,and the amiable milkboy,
and milk barrels,
the cans
in a dark, to give us a ride in the straw among
at once
not quite touch the water, and place them
specialedification" was
the donkey kick for our
cool place,that they may
and make
be encouraged to send their roots
There may be, and there doubtless
?
down
such a village
into the water before they begin to expand their leaves.
there ever
the recollections of childhood
fairer spots, but
the roots are growing freely,bring them from the dark
When
are, many
belongingto no other place. There
veloped
clothe Ryhope with charms
to the light,
in order that their leaves and flowers may be devide
the beautiful seabanks, wle-e grew such quaking grass
in a healthy manner
without being attenuated. Prowere
else;
called them), as grew nowhere
we
("dotheringducks"
supports in good time ; let them have as much lightas
used to
where we
possible,with an equabletemperature. They are often injured the sea beach with a strip of golden sand,
in
customary
was
as
toilet,
performingher
that are at times extremely cold,and at bathe, my mother
by being kept in rooms
times, under shelter of
others heated to excess.
Those who would grow Hyacinthsto
that primitiveplace in those primitive
laid bare
stances
umbrella arrangement ; the seaweed-coveredrocks,
them occasionally
as circuman
perfectionin glassesmust remove
end of
of treasures ; no
result
at low tide,with every pool a mine
require,to prevent the injury that must
may
best
reasons
of winkles, and limpets,and crabs,which, for some
from
alternations
subjectingthem to rapid and extreme
the crabs ;
known
to themselves, have since emigrated" I mean
temperature. It is not desirable to introduce to the water any
hundreds
stimulatingsubstances,but the glassesmust be kept nearly full for what with Sunderland on the one hand cribbing
fuel
from the sea for its docks, and gas and patent
of water by occasionallyreplenishingas it disappears. If the
of acres
the other, striving
factories on
leaves become
other stench-producing
and
dusty,they may be cleansed with a soft brush or
compounds
be taken
which
must
discharge the most offensive-smelling
can
a sponge
dipped in water, but particularcare
fresh
to seek
not to injurethem in the process.
Bulh Catalogue.) into the ocean, I think the crabs have agreed
{Suttons'
rocks
to the
native
their
leave
and
fields and pastures new,"
still stick to the
limpets,who, making a virtue of necessity,
affordinga supply
very commendable,
FIG
TREES
CASTING
THEIR
FRUIT.
placewith a pertinacity
"

"

"

of your most
One
experienced contributors suggestedsome
time ago that Figs oast their fruit because
the female florets
had
scope
not
been impregnated. Upon examining with a microthe interior of the enclosed
specimen, the seeds seem
well formed, and the generalcharacter of the fruit normal.
It
cff a plant of Bourjasottegrise,the
came
great merits of
which varietyare lessened by the frequencywith which it casts
its fruit. I have a good many
plants of it,but have lost a
largeportionof the fruit both last year and this. G. S.
"

children, barefooted,
of excellent bait for fishermen, whose
the limpets
visit the rocks every tide,knife in hand, detaching
from the rocks with a skill the result of long practice.
and as recentlyas fourteen or
About a mile from the village,
little
fifteen years ago entirelyunconnected with it,is a pretty
limestone hillB,
valley,a romantic spot,situated between two
and his wife at the
and once
a favourite resort of Sunderland
Here, only a very few years
of the year.
picnicingseason
ing
with a wonderful effoitof engineerago, science smelt coal,and
wards
obtained it, and one result is that to-day upskill soon
and
commodious,
hundred cottages,substantial
of
seven

tenanted by nearly
garden and out-premises,
broken only
people,stretch in long regularlines,
the undulations of the
H. K." On the length of the spathe of his
I coNGEATULATE
by churches,chapels,and schools,over
of
Anthurium
interveningcountry tillthey reach our littlevillage Eyhope,
; it is the longestI have heard of,but he does not
virtuallyone little town.
become
[It was 3^ inches where broadest.
Eds.] and it and Ryhope colliery
give us the width.
Its inhabitants
various.
which is one that is thought The sports and pastimes of a pit villageare
We have several plantshere,among
the most oivihsed portion
a
are, perhaps,in part not
splendidvariety. The spathes which it has produced this
ising
their peculiarcallinga very humansummer
average 5 inches in length and 3 in width ; the spadix, of the community, nor has
made of good
them
men
7 and
tendency; but there are among
or elongationat the top of the spathe,measuring between
standard
moral
the objectof whose lives is to raise the
20 inches in length,carry8 inches in length. The stems were
stuff,
ing
in dailycontact, and in these
the
well above the foliage. Among
their noble blooms
of those with whom
they come
owners, who are
but they are narrow.
efforts they are ably seconded by the colliery
others are one or two longer varieties,
ANTHURIUM

each with its

four thousand

SCHERZERIANUM.

"

"

own

[ September V, 1871.

176

in Bverv

",ict;n(T

foremost in assistingin
he
aim the elevation of
^

"

HOBTI0ULTTOEAND_COTTAGB_GABDENE^

OF

JOUBNAL

its
eood work which has for

^^^^l""\

ever

to

a,e

greatextent

the
v^^^^^^^j^^Mr
desire originated
""^"|e" 4 ^jt^ its Exhibition
dependant upon
resulted
"wSer^elte'rTayTAngnst
28th)
4"r
P^'"?tt'stw
Poultry ^''"'''.
"I
and
Walker of T
which has attended any
"^eesses
them.

"

"

its

to Mr

",

barn

considered
'"""/rtricTTe
Show itself,
tlj^
|
this
'J^f
_'.''^"'^
""=;""
apart from the splendid,

o"
similar effort

in

one

^^^^^^^^.
third.

^^^^

as

f
a^M^f^e^d
^fifst
^g
J^Hunter,
surrounding
^'Y"'o7:iantXm1he"r"ser:at'rirof
in

bestwere

P'af
^,""f.

upper

J
i^er^^

^^^llt:^X

J"

^^^ij;;^^
^o'^^^^"
^ diameter
2?
""f/^o7e,t
,^0f^^W?
"'^^Iks

ofthe
dayth

*^"'f
rXSs

the

nwas

Show

of

jir^Keynes

Cocker

the
'
the great
was
t interestingfeature
ten not the lea^t
^^^ ^
.^^^^^^
^*""
of
quantity
classes open to
u
j
flower
*""; and vegetable
in the various
"
the whole occupying
Messrs.
For twenty-four
""
cottagers or
feet by 60,
90
another
in
Mr. Hay..MrScale
four marauees,
interestingto the order in whi3h they aie
Not mor^
bv
and the other t^"
of horticulture are the

display of

Wkerbe.g

^Mere)!, Victory,

^^^^

!^^Vul:Serr^JryT

VD"y"=""','^"7^'^^er
i^
p^zetakers
p
and Mr.
"r^we^^.
^^^^
Sevenoak^
of
were

named,

iimb

Bennett, Queen

yesterday

HeU,
^L^il^Zller^^a^M^^^tctga^^^^
^?u;ram"Lr?h\"rm^'s^ofnheprerSutI
pmetakers^
Iho
Sevenoaks,being the other
Of Fancies, the best

done.

"

Xou

30th

August

Mr.

fiom

twenty-four

came

^^.

Jieynes,

A. Blakstok.
and
Sparkler,

May

Mr.

N"ko-

Niss

^^^^'^J^^^^
gparkler,

was

SHOW

SOCIETY'S

FLORISTS'
METROPOLITAN
CRYSTAL
THE
AT

Es...

J-

some

daresay

recordedread the Journal will see

SomethiDg attempted,something
last week.-W.
noticedthe poultryshow

Beach and Mi Ma
C. J. Perry,Mr. Burpi",
Kejnes or seed
oftered by Mr
For the prizes

Mr^

PALACE.

"

tm

^^

^^p^
^^^

^^^^

^^

31st.

and

"cttSrr^s^r:?^="-~?^!

remedied by the

liberal

use

01

lesl'
^'TT'7,TnTehee
spring
and the cold
and

cheerless

the wet

sprmg^
elements not^^'^S ^mbat
were
line o"
""^emficent
looted f"i-ft=i'
the

HollyhocKs

ana

was

^ent

see

places

^11-^

can

that

^^^

"

^f^^i

nnmerons,

C"PPm.

to Mr

''^'l^y;
j^^-^y^,^,,o"t

f.'flEnticed
Obelisk

Princess Alice,

certifi'^%fj^"\^;,lyTrir.t.cU..

^^^^

fine-formea
S-S '5:h^^ed^oth^
Jit^Thf
^^':^:"l:
'

while I

^^nd
fie^d
occupyingpromi^K^.^o
^^^^^^
held

for them
A^^'
^^'a 'tUn' "ngenial

than

the

more

not
Tuyliocks
were

best

n4e spikes

came

they

but

numerous,
f'""

.eiy

were

^The
go^d.^

gardener
MrOats^
h
Gamsboiou

Hawke, WiUingham ^ec ory

Walden
e"mples of Alba Buperba
Yellows, Midnight and '^"/,"'

ana

^^^^.^
^^

Pnmiose

^^^^j.

:t
""[^XrexhibTtor,
^^^t'^^f^.ss/rj^^'b^cu^^
""^^/^fXns
l^^e^

imagined. They "J^*"^o' .^''7,"'"art'of

August did much
though the fine
and indeed now
n
e
we
wer
the

for
I

hardly

ob-

bloomf
.^^^*Vnt
^^^^^^f
plants
^^ ^^^^
equal '" tj^/
"?;""j
Mr. Kelwaj'sthat
and the seeding
fine

of
them, yet not one-third
fancy they will be

HoUjhocks were

Messrs.

vain

j^^_,^^
Dahlias^h^^^^

last
"" ^"^.'^.^
surpassed
^ffirn
Jf
the
taUn. tte
ois
fresh

gladto

it "s

hence
n

ana

we

were

remedy;
and eold of Jnne and Jnly,

"tiflcialmeans

conld

last year

The third prize went

Carter " Co. sent
among
"2 inches in diameter

Hobbs.

very

an
tained Lord HawLe s trst prize,
were
iea"y
tained Mr. Chater s pr"e,
i^Bual very
as
were
Gladioh
Kelway'a

were
which eeitificates

^^ ^^^
m

.^

^^^^ ^^.^^
Mr.
^ g"^ers.
.^

m/.Douglas,
^^^'
J^"^l^^,

awarded

.^ ^^^ ^^^"_

the
Chater, Saffrnn Walden,
Defiance
Cvgnet, WiUingham
cit blooms, Mr. W. Chater
the
second; and for twelve,
most
J. W. Silver. The

had fine spikesof

For twenty-fonr
^^^^^^j^.ter,
and
Messrs. Oats, Porter,
^^^^^
GoldLeah.
King,
balden
wai
b
Chater.

and earns

j^^iate
'';=,fi\'''='"^,e

prizetakersweieMessrs^^^
,

^f'^^^^^Vut^Queen
Sanspareil.Eaby

Albert, Triumph,
finder,and Leviathan.
with one of a fine f"f

Mr^Oats

^^^^

^^^^^.^^

al^
^^^ ^.^^ ^^
eedlirs
went to Messrs. KelwaY,of

was

T*
^"'""'"

t^ofe^^S^^^^^^^^^^^
rosy crimson.

-ta",ifl notablv those from

F. WhitOf the Gladiolus there
and Mr. "*
Langport
of
for thirtyg^t
Messrs. Kelway,
Hall, iltoidLoxford
Kelway's
Esq.,
y^^^^
bourn,
Magnificent
si. and the latter
'^'had first
seedhnRS
four
j^^d having a violet
m-oup
j j^
scarlet;Fefa,
with a violetfeather
the
stripein
t,,,iGlow, orange scarlet,
the
the others in this
and a white blotch in
A
aimme
^^^^j^^^^^
with an
Distinction soft
collectionwere
Meyerbeer,Madame
with purple; Y"""%
fine. The second
were
w
of
and La-pcde all
^^^
^^^^^^^^^^
Desportes,Norma,
"
'"
for th.rty-s.x
and third prizes
ding prizesfor twentytte
and
Dombrain,
twelve
H.
^^^^^^^^
the Rev. H.
Son and Mr.
thbs
four to Messrs. Paul "
Mr. Hodgson, of
^
fine seedlings,
previousnot destroyed
H. H. Dombram
the Kev.
Eacine, Madame
tables
Marie
^iree,
The
-ang-ents of
p.izetakers
Croydon,was first with and Due de MalakoU, t
i^.iitowiae
Dombrain, Delicatissima,
^^
"
and Mr. Glasscock.
b.^
j
Mr.
Oats,
.,^
Gold,
being Mr.
i
ofiered
patentshow "=ase,
^^^^ Franklin,
of the took Chapman's
Dahlias,
for
forlyeight
,^ ^^^^^^^^^
class
Gladiolus of
Spandouck In addiuon
^^^^^^ ^jti,p"pie
Phidias, and Van
with
rose, edged
cates for Sylvia,
Bolls,
"
Kaky
divisions, ''"* *".
several
the
of
wore
base
the
these
at

Dougla"fgardener^
^^J^^lSi
|,"

Te^tificates-namely,
f.^J^st-class
'='^f^
.

fery

.-.''^'"^"/vttorT
armine',
^o^^\^"\^'"ZzIt^SionT
"l^^^a
1""^*'"^?^V
,

i'orycentre,flakedwith

g^j^^^^^^

lo^^aaked^
wSch
"^whidi

M"Tu

7"'

'

^^otmarl-ably
^H"l

;^L"ters^wei:^ro11

^e

"'.

^^^^^Von^^S^t
W^'''"^;'"'.:

^^^^^

"Xr^DuIortier?
Dummie^

X^"thTc:n"en^t^e^Vranrl^e:eg^hLe^T
^"ln?h:"ursfr;men's

Mr^May

^or

1870,Bhow,ngHoraco^ernet,Ne3to

B="'-l"''.^"-'"''''iTtor
f ^with

SrVAeetl^g^^^ntVe-'s^es

178

"

"

rH

Se^ir^L:ri^""3-'^^^:;?

Key.

in the chair.
Esq.,
i^sq,

-RlPTikins
Blenkins

-c

Committee.-G. B-

IJl

ciuu

instead of brownisu
with the anthers orange
Fruit

'^^^

from

high

i_

^JJ^relgtavctmo's
P"';
_.

3 feet

averagedabout

,^17 hand-

Bpecial
Yi=""g"''c^i"X"er,
to which
ant Caul

C. C. Ellison, of Bracebridge
AntumnG
heads of Veitch's
some

flo^er^^^^brace
^^^^^ ^^^_^^^_
HP^^.fJ'te^
good. Mr. PetHns, garR
frnit

Mr.

3enc

vey

sent the Impnned

C- Lambert,

gardenerto
Burpitt,

seedlingcalled Bountiful.
"P""
they would give no oP"?!""

beeigi-own

^ent

"

^ g^^_
^^^ ^_^ j^^^^

sent
^l^^^^^^^^'
caramon,

^^^^^

"^"Z Messrs.

'^170
f^^g^^^^^^'TZf
called Canada Express,

awarded, and

rrd,was
awarded

"^

Mr.
J?,'
f
xhib ted again.
^
be exMoitea
tl^^t it may

awarded.

J^^^^^^j^^^^^^

"f whicU

E.

^^^.^^^^^^^

,^"I"^'^7.fi""t"
specialcertificate

was

certificate^
first-class
of Ixora
fine basket ot
for

J"f

with
superba,

number
P^\";j^^^"^%ent

^ften

F. P

of

they
Mf-'-^^^-jfa^fd
variegated

velvety foUage.
Thyme which
plants of the ornamental golden-leaveaiuy
adiantoid
also ""
exhibited,
s^
dark

^^^.^^^
Mr. William

iiatn,

have

and^

Th^Ucteum
"l^^l''''^]j,'^^'^^f';ne^^^^^
^
Hydrangea japonica. Messrs ^onstora
was

amalilis,

^^^^^^
hasie^t
^^^
t^arter"
a^pS^.^^^^
noticed

a
"S,
Messrs
^eads.
orange
to that
inferior as ^hown

P"l'"='^'

with fine deep

Tiger Lily,much
Begoniacarminata

was

"*
^'P^^
J^f'te

same

with
\l^ll''l\\l2T\vUniens,
P^

e^ge*^'^

and red leaves

.C"!"^'^,
^f""ietie3.
Messrs. Bavr and
G'"?''
"3\ vote of thanis
called
"*^,"3"
"='\"^
^ected to the variety
special "^".'
C. Osman

Trebons, with a desire

sent a collectionof fifteen
character, to which

the

prom

j^

^eacocK,
^sq

D"e"enas
Bull, Chelsea, several

^^^^ giv^nto
Mr.

^^^^

'^^"J;';

'"'''"f;'',^^^^^
ecrtlficate; and Mr.
olive

gardenerto

Charles Maguiac, Esq.,

and
Onions of the White Spanish
exhibiteda "1

Sugden

to J. TMr. Croucher, gardener

mersmith, a collectionof very
which
for
Cereuses,
and

;j,j tt^t in future

^^^.^ ^^^ ^^^
Carter " Co. sent a

McKellar,

mr

Bean

runner

large

"

also

Vetch

which has before

sS B4^n^N^:iu,
llsTth^rrn^e
"^ir^r^^", of Ghent. ^^^^

""

,^^^^
^^^^^

TheJ^ommm

in

Messrs.
acquisition.

^^^

T^hornham

Northampton,

Charles

certificatewas awarded.
Cucumber.
of Blue Gown
were
race, which
of the Sion House
Hall
dener to Lord Hartismere
5 feet 2 inches wn
Cacumber
of Sooly Qaa
Gian

so

^^^^.^,

^,,";"',
o" Gl?rodendron
^.^onths growth.
^"ter-flowering
certificatefor cut specimens
Lodge, sent
weighing i lbs. 3 ozs. from ^
Mr. George, Pa ney
From
W.
an,
Lee, Hammersmith,
and from
chilwell,sent
Mr. Clarke,gardenerto
Celestial;
called
Picotee
Grapes.
P
and Tr color
of Black Hamburgh
Mouldered Grape, I Bronze Zonal Geranmm
a bunch
^j
g
^^ ^^^
Hogg, a large
Dr
Mr
EcBora,
g
^^.^
seedlingGrape called
^^^^^^
a
Crimson King,
their value as bedding plants.
round
beri7,
I
first-class
4,
with a large
"'
also
awarded a
w
Coleshill,
latter with
ana
the
Radnor,
Louise,
I'^f
the
f
by
^^i^j, ^ere
highlyappreciated
Countess "
several
Begonia
Chiswick,come
se"^^^ ^^^^.^^ and Bronzes
Mr. Pearson
the Socie*?^ game
From
broad zone.
deeply-slashed
a
three
ripe and
not sufficiently
freegardenerto

Armstrong,

""'^Ch^mpton
"^^F^f

fe

He%*'
"^"^J'-'g^

ViJ -^^l-;^/^f

M'"^'^i^^"

Messrs^^^

^faeh

Y^"
^"i"^.^'i;
"^^^";^,ineess
Committee
gaX
.^^^^^^tv's
ceftificate' ^l^'^ited
ohe^
Grape'ripcning
^J/^J^J'^^^^'f^eedling
snt
Son
veryomamental
"
Henderson
G^
g^^^^V^^^^
^^^
^^:'^r^.i:toT:f:::^tuTt:^^^^
s^edl
Messrs. E
deficient,
weeks earlier than A^ite
M
uscadine^
forward
exhiUted
well
very^^^^^^^
Slough
"P^^^^^^jJ"
Bakewell, sent dishes *'SrlrSaT,^MrTlrrr,
ripe,but
Gardens Burton Ctosesc.
^^^ ^^^^,^
Mr. W. G. Gaiger The
which have
the
George
^-%"^'iT
and
varieties several of
John sTandish.
fruit of Bellegarde
j,",.
,

^^^

some

were

^^J^^

of excellent
gardener
Mr. Donovan
Tawny Nectarine.
NectarineB
o
wood, sent two dishes

^^^^,1

P''l'^'=,t;^,*J;t^T"Tne^a

Crystal

white ; and Kate

d Herbert iurneg
^^^^.^.^^^^^ ^^^
fine
of
lilac peach
Haslam,
peach,with a
pale
wa"
p
tor Mrs
new
a
^^
second-classcertificatewas given G'
0
,
a
Mrwas
form.
^^
white centre, of fine
were
but
maroon,
dark
maroon
topheles,
crimson^
eerti'icatefor Moo
Green
Gage flavour. mersmith, had asecond-class
.^^^^^^ {", p Uy
^ad h'st c
^j j,^^^,^
SaUsbury,
of
j^^
^^^^ ^ ^^^
^^^
small. Mr. Keynes
^.^^
yi^jan, Esq., sent a
exhibitor came
Varden, a very pretty
the same
^^0
Cross, sent a
"ddish
rich
j^
."iieh William Keynes,
^^^^^
certificates. Mr.
alsoWilliamLaird,lilac
3ee"n4-^l^^"
^^ ^^^^^^^
^hese receivea
flower,
^^^^^ ^^^^ ^
a showy
purple,
of Passiflora
Winkfield,sent
awarded a firstwas

^om g ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^

Mr^or^er
^^^^
raised by
Sion Lodge M"",^'^'
Benham,
Plum
=^"\\Xet
Mr. Turner, of Slo^S^^^n'^^eBouche
awarded
waU.
which
called
f""'
^"''%^"i"ts
'^la'S^ S^^"'''^'^
Mr. Ingram at Frogmore,
three

the

Show

at

latter

Souvenir
splendid;

JS^^^^aite,
""7'
r^^^
!3"7i,g^,^^^^

^^

^'ne
]^"\^f;,it^'^^"

certificate
first-class
with a *
good deal like
a
Jsenu
to Mrs.
Mr. B. Porter, gardener
Mr. J.
Seedling Plum.
"iam
Plums.
.^Idish of Victoria
Apples
collectionof
awarded a first-class
was
sent two
Ha
Haigh
Crawford,
of
which had
quadrangulans,
Committee
and the com

''l^"|^^""j'i"|[oael,

Washington.^nd

^^"f.^e^^From
*%"'.
Cla'l'^g^^a^^^p'^^l^^al^tham
oiange^
Mui^,
'

ni.tippei',^"'
-'^^^^f
^^^'^^'^ed
a^ieory^
fo'^'^siVarietieso
se^
^^t^t'^^^l'arge^ruits
^"^J^^^'
Lrker,
Purple
^^^^f.-^^fd^ith
g^^^^ ^^^^
l.^^igan,
Eomlightground?"*''PP'?
nj^de
schel, with
J'a"
to Mr. Eawlings
awarded them
''^fB^'IL
similar ^'^a^^^^^J.JS^^ted
and
Palace.
class certificate,
da at the Crystal
^^^^

^eUripenedandwellflavoured
McDonald,
^J_^_^_^^
ford,forMaidofEssex,whichwasalso^rti
D.
certificate. Mr
also
E"=^;
g"fjj^["^'^^^^^
special
Mr
from
-r^i^at
exhibitors above named,
^^
seedling
The
sent
Perth,
.^^
seedmgs
St. Martin's Abbey,
sent numerous
^^^^^^ ^^^
Birmingham,
Fewkes,
with
fruit
red-fleshed
oval
sent'
"all
f^-^^^^'Jt
large
P"J^
sr^all,goodyellow.
Fewkes, called Crimson ^^^^Bj
J/'t^l|"too
Messrs. Kelway" Son Langpoit^ ^^^^^
^^^
thougn
flavour.
Hams,
Mr.

'

ca

Melon

wo

Mr. Cadger,
Melon called Eclipse.
Mr.
Jour seedlingMelons.
which
Emma
.Melon,
of
fruit
Queen
It
approvedby the Committe6_
Castle
Pragnell,

J-5,e
"f

'jjji

g^^t

fine

I'":^'\''^g'^f^"'Si^
'condition and much

^Mr.

in

fan

^.^^ ^^tifi^ate.
a

^""";^ite

8^"^^^"?^^
Giant Madeira, and
Park
^"^.^''^^X,
Nnoeham
The
*^^^^
e-teaor-JmaiT^and
equal
Giant

form

Giant
of the

quite

to the

^?''=J''"'='Tj,?X,ers'
Yellow,
Danveis
Marza-

Lisbon,

^^^^^

1
,

^E'^jfcilw^thHllhaTfirst
f Cgi^c
aidHose

crimson.
of Sbaron
i^romwicu,
Mr. Perry, Castle
'*
fine,white with a large P-P
truss, ana
large
with
a
very
Bcariet,

^^^^

primrose,

CoLeil
b S^^ll^:^oJ^^7:^U.
as

Holl^boekswer
w^s

1^
the

f/^Xate

^leveral

names

Flat
I'e'^'^P"""
j^ ,i^" Red Tripoli,
White'

was
White Spanish
of the other ^"3'
B ood Bed
Globe Tnppl-,
Tripoli,

seen

never

we

s^

^mv^j
yjiich

^^^bited
collectionof Ireat
^^"fT^";"

G'''-*""^'f,^^l^d"
have
eat size
for their fine

Onions, which
The New
surpassed.
Eoccawere

was

was

Mr.
as well as
collection,
Flower of Kent, from
sent
Messrs. ^elway, ^angport
^^^.^^^.^ ^
Of Gladiolus,
of
best
the
a
kinds,
Welbeck,
of new
Portiand,
a number
to
with
Mr. Tillery,gardener
edged with scarlet,
vage.
white eclg
Celestial,
sent
flower,
^^^ ^^^^^^^^^,^
raiser of this
white line in the upper
of i he firstclass.
01
^^
^y.
j^j^ ^^,
and receiveda eertihcate
^^^^^_
appearance,
cerstands of seedling
^ ^,,t.,u.s
a
Cambridge
^^
^^^^^^^^ ^^
Chater, GonviUe Nurseries,
Jeanie,

deserving

Of Verbenas

Weaver

very

gckford, Pinto,
beautiful,

Edih,
very
^^^riady
j

deep

for their fine

of
medal for his very meritorious
collections
awarded to Messrs. Veitch
Carter " Co.
and NeaMessrs.
White Tripoli,
mention a
of
must
we
collection
Giant
Committee,
Tooting,
before tbe com
Onions, including the
jj.e
Coun
y
^^^^
Although not exhibited
Mr. Farndell Snrrey
^^^^^
Gladiolus
politanMarzagole
fine
of
remarkably
They are of a
ot
a
first with excel ent examples
to W. Hope,
than
a.dener
and
Mr. Baverstoc
^^ ^,^^^^^e,
those of Vallota P^n'nrea
fe
Harrington,third.
Spanish,WMte
scariet,the lower 3""'""
succession. The
splendid
n long
nui
t
me,
at
a
four
than
in whose
not more
"gtandish,

exhibition

Sas

''^fspt'afcSSirteTas

"^'^J^'Q-ant
J^" ^^^^^
K,''^f'''"G'^n'
y^
'''g'^^^^"^
"^^
^g^^
Lisbon^

Asters^

^m

^^'/^ut

moduced

D^^^^^^^^
TrLnfKrrl^trdtr

""-'^""

The.
Denny in the^air.
T:n:rC0.M.".-Dr

was

""' '"'

?lant
is very

vigorous,but

interesting
collection at

that it
b^^^
mfomedb^^^^^^^
scarlet,
fo^^f^^^^rr,
hybridcrimson
we

are

,een,

:ra^Tltf:athet-and\CpesT:
on^tMs
of attention.

deserving
that
/^.f'^St
the proportion
P"'^"'^^''
small.
'".f\^''';""e"ertificatef
I

occasion a large number o

and Verbenas being present

^"/"^"i^'dilu,,.
J^^f

was

admiration.
^x^S-gelal
ani
^rn";L\r^-"shrnr

They

Ibes^^iTn
:^Sg

Ti

v,na

been

suggestedthat the

'-="^"- ''^^'^''"
""P

'""^'

"

"

September 7, 1871. ]

AND

HOETICULTDEE

OP

JOUKNAL

GAEDENEK.

COTTAGE

173

incidental product in the manufacture

of the year,
an
Tarious growers to contribute at tliis(autumn) season
as
quantities
patched,
be so much
looketl out and diswhen theycan
more
of soda ash from common
conveniently
salt,is furnished in the preparation
To
such kinds as theycan
sent out.
The
East Indian
spare of those already
of paper
stock from
cane.
cane, crushed
should be
also suggestedthat catalogues
further this objectit was
between
is steepedin the acid diluted with water,by
rollers,
for him to mark
of those kinds
in them
the names
isent to Mr. Barron
dissolved
is
which
the
outer
silicioua
coating
means
away.
which the Society
alreadypossesses. Mr. Barron is quitepreparedto A more
annoying example is frequentlyexperiencedin analyses
with a view to making the next season's
carry out this suggestion
acid is an agent,and in which, from the
which
in
hydrochloric
and would be glad to receive at once
trials as completeas possible,
and the
solvent propertiesof the acid,the process is hindered
varieties of the
which

mense

alreadyat
doubtful
of the results made
by the presence of
In addition to the beddingPelargoniums,
Chiswick.
which always accuracy
it is proposedto form also as
form the principal
gelatinoussilica. [AmericanJournal.)
group of trial plants,
s
ets
o
f
Pentstemons,
as
Lobelias,
"complete
possible Phloxes,
bedding
.and beddingViolas for out-door culture,
and of Fuchsias for culture
cultural
SOWING.
in pots. Address, Mr. A. F. Barron, Superintendent,
FOR
ANNUALS
AUTUMN
Royal HortiChiswick,W.
Society,
the cause
of hardy annuals
advocated in
We very rarely
see
our
periodicals.Now and again we see a notice of one or two
their
on
new
introductions,with a few passing comments
SEASONS.
INSECTS"
GRA.VEL
WALKS"
unmistakeably shows
merits,but the tone of these comments
Owing to the wet summer
says
second-rate
my garden walks (Steevie
of
in
that annuals
importance
are
only
subjects
figures) fashionable flower gardening. Their inexpensivenese,and the
they are half a mile in length facts are sometimes
I
have
iave
and
used
been very grassy
weedy.
boilingwater
with which
ease
they may be cultivated generally,have prevented
and at present the weeds lock dead ; at
with vitriol and salt,
them from being so utterly
neglectedas hardy perennials
look
well.
walk
looks
the
walks
A
if
the
as
weedy
rate,
have
their
chief
-any
been
have been ; but for many years amateurs
is dead or bankrupt. It is only an experiment.
owner
in
patrons,and they have received very little favour,especially
Insects are innumerable.
The ants I have killed with boiling
the better class of gardens,from professionals
generally.Now,
Bluebottle
water and by hand.
flies,
moths, wasps, and
however, that there are signsof a turn in the tide in favour of
hornets I have caught in glassjars,such as picklesare sold in.
introducingmore
varietyin form and colour,as well as subjects
I use
I have twenty-four jars
treacle,
cider,and hot water.
likelyto prove attractive on other accounts than colour simply,
down
at the base of the trees.
They are full of the above
in for a fair share
we
hope hardy annuals will come
may fairly
enemies.
Had
I not
done
this they would have ruined my
to insist on their beauty ;
of attention. It would be superfluous
and Nectarines.
The trees are in fine no
"capital
crop of Peaches
that has ever
seen
one
hardy annuals reallywell grown can
condition for another year, with plenty of triplebuds.
I have
have any other opinion than that in their ranks are to be found
out in half a good deal of foliage
in order to let in sun
and air.
In general,light
a
goodly array of Flora's choicest gems.
We
shall have, I think, an
earlyand hyperborean winter.
gracefulbeauty is their characteristic ; they lack the boldness
I like a hot summer,
genial autumn, and hyperborean winter, and sustained brilliancyof the favourite types of bedding
4o be followed by an earlyspring. W. F. Badoliffe.
plants; but this fact should be all in their favour in the view
under-named

any

flowers

not

are

"

"

"

in their flower
reform
some
that desire to make
vie with bedding plants
As a class theycan never
for the purpose of massing ; a very few,perhaps,
may be useful
in that way, in cases
where it is difficult or impossiblewith the
full complements of tender
available means
to rear
plants.
They are only suitable for plantingin the mixed stylein which
of those

MEALY

BUG

IN

gardening.

VINERY.

About seven years since one of my vineries became infested

with mealy bug through the introduction of a new
taining
Grape con-

the eggs of this vermin.

In the course
of two years
the whole of this vinery,110 feet by 20, had become
attacked.
tions.
densityof general effect must give placeto individual attracAll the common
remedies with the exceptionof guano, latelyrecommended
They may be best employed in fillingup blanks in
Mr.
made
without
effect
and
of
use
by
Abbey, were
herbaceous
;
borders,and in ornamenting the edges of beds of
I believe that when
this pest has fullyestablished itself no
once
few are
plants.
shrubs, and some
very beautiful rockwork
last year to
remedy but one will eradicate it. We determined
them
bloom very early,and may be had in flower a few
of
Many
try this remedy i.e.,starvation. We cut down all the Vines, weeks after sowing; and a very important group
the " Cali(fifteen years old,to within a few inches of the ground, taking fornian Annuals"
be
of autumn
by means
sowings, can
to clean the stems.
weather came
care
When
the warm
the
brought into flower so earlyin many of the favourable districts,
of
the
insects
left
house
in
the
but
died
soon
eggs
hatched,
that they may be made
available in spring flower gardening ;
irom want
of food.
None
have been observed
since,and the and even in the least mild parts,if a cold frame may be devoted
"Grapesthis year are magnificent. Obsekvek.
to them
during winter,they will serve, along with other
"

"

"

"

RUBUS
In

hardy plants,to make

plantscan be turned

beds and borders gay long before bedding

out into summer
quarters.
While the writer thinks it desirable that hardy annuals
receive
should
of attention, he has
referring
a greateramount
generally

DELICIOSUS.

foreigncatalogueI notice Rubus deliciosus. Upon

to Don, vol. ii.,
favour for the Californians
than for those
page 539, I find it is a native of the
personallymore
iiockyMountains, but he does not say a word about its fruit, other hardy annuals which, hailingfrom many
countries
have been given in
must
though I presume its specificname
vated
superiorin respect of climate to our own, can onlybe cultiof some
real or supposed excellence.
Do
with us ; and it is to this group that the
consequence
during summer
you
Jtnow whether any English pomologist
has endorsed its American
remainder
of the present paper will be devoted.
The different
reputation?" G. S.
speciescomprised in the group are not all natives of California,
but
to the same
of
them
a
All
are
submit
know
largeproportion
so.
{We
nothing of this beyond the description
given by
generaltreatment, and the term Californian annuals is therefore
Don, and that it is stated in Loudon's " Encyclopjediaof Trees
The
and Shrubs
applicableand convenient in a generalsense.
to have purple flowers,
succeeded
by a very deli- sufficiently
"cions fruit,
markable
and to be a shrubbyBramble
beautyand profusionof the flowers of many of them are re5 or 6 feethigh." Eds.]
when they are well cultivated and attended to.
The
such
of a few of the most
names
as
them,
popular among
Limnanthes, Nemophila, Clarkia,Godetia,Eutoca, and WhitCOMMON
SALT
A
SOLVENT
OF
SILICA.
lavia need only be mentioned
in proof of their first-rate ornamental
Common
salt is a compound of chlorine and sodium.
When
of the most
choice
qualities.These contain some
mixed
with the soil the sodium, by oxidation,
becomes
soda, and brilliant of hardy annuals,but they by no means
polise
monoand the chlorine,
by combination with hydrogen evolved from
the beauty of either the group to which they belong,or
the decay of organic matter
and from other sources
is converted
the whole class of hardy annuals.
into hydrochloric
acid,which is one of the most powerThe Californians succeed best when
in autumn
ful
in most
sown
a

"

"

"

solvents of silica known

in chemistry. This hydrochloric
parts of the country. I have often had splendid plants from
acid actingon the sand grains dissolves the silica,
and insures
self-sown stock of Limnanthes, Nemophila, Collinsia,
and others
the greater per centage of this element, which analysisof the in bloom in
April in Scotland ; and with careful attention to
ash has shown
to exist in the straw of grains grown on salted, the removal
of decaying flowers along with the seed vessels
sandy laud,aa compared with that from land with like character as they formed,
condition till
theyhave lasted in ornamental
not manured
with salt. A fine practicalillustration of the
in to
July and August, when late spring-sown plants come
Bolvent action of hydrochloric
which
is
obtained
in imacid,
take their place,and keep up the display
to the close of the

JOUENAIi

180

HORTICULTURE

OP

in light
freelysow themselves,especially
be taken of
early districts. Advantage may
this in transplantingas many
seedlingsas may be required
sheltered corner, where
to a nursery-bed,in some
they must
be kept tillthe rigour of winter is spent. In less favourable
however, throughout the greater part of Scotland,and
districts,
plants
parts of England also,although autumn-sown
many
of plants,
their seeds,and give rise to a number
scatter
may
too
far
late
too
or
either
winter
to
advanced,
they are usually
well ; in thB one
case
being too gross, and in the other too
small, to withstand the efiects of long-continued froet and
damp. It is better, perhaps, in every case, to sow regularly,
to insure a prospect of ample stock to transplant the
so as
followingspring.
The
beginning of September is early enough to make the
sowing ; and the poorest pieceof ground that can be chosen,
of tbem

year.

Many

warm

soils and

if well sheltered and warm

in aspect,is the best for the autumn
seed-bed.
the
If the ground is poor, sandy, and dry, so much
better ; digging and sowing, either in drill or broadcast,is all
But if rich and retentive,
it
that is necessary in this case.
will be necessary to reduce the stapleby the addition of sand,

rubbish, or fine-sifted ashes ; and further,in order to

the best possibledrainage for the young
plants,it will
be advisable to raise the bed in the centre
ridge-fashion.If
is the best in the circumstances
all this is needed,drill-sowing
;
the ridge,not along it,
and the drills should be ranged across
because the plantswill therebyeojoy greater varietyof aspect,
and will be also less liable to sufier from stagnationat all points
of the drill,
for the top of the ridgewill always be in a tolerably

AND

Wherever

even

the

unfavourable
most
along the base of a west

cases.
or

7, 1871.

in

outer

blue.

ones

and

brown,

variety.

CoUinsia bicolor, 1 foot ; lilac and white.

bicolor candidissima,pure white ; same
heightas species,
multicolor,1 foot ; deep lilac and white,
the best and earliest.
verna, 1 foot ; blue and white
"

Eucbaridium

1 foot
grandiflornm,

; deeprose-purple.
with deepsaflroi^
brightyellow,
petals.
1 foot ; sulphur.
tennifolia,
Eutoca
viscida,1 foot ; deepblue.
1 foot;pale purple,
*Gilia tricolor,
shaded.
alba ; same
last,bat with white margin to corolla.
Godetia
shaded.
lepida,1 foot ; palelilac and deeppurple,
1^ foot ; rosy purjile.
Lindleyana,
2 feet ; rose in centre, dull white on marginof petals,
roseo-alba,
rubicunda,2 feet ; lilac purple.
Koniga maritima, 9 inches ; white.
Leptosiphonandrosaceus,G to 9 inches ; variouslycoloured from

*Eschscboltzia compacta, 9 inches ;

base

to

as

white

to purple,
6 to 9 inches ; goldenyellow,
to 9 inches ; paleyellow.
6 to 9 inches ; trailing
with
Douglasii,
petals,

aureus,

luteus,6
Limuanthes

base and

yellow

white

margin,
but pure white.
species,
blue,white,and rose.
"Lupinusnanus, 9 to 12 inches ; purplish
Malcolmia
shaded with rose, purple,.
maritima, 6 inches ; variously
alba ;

same

and

as

white.

6 to
*Nemophilaiusignis,

south

9 inches ;

with
trailing
; sky-blue,

white

centre.
*

"wall the plants may

earlyinto flower the

[ September

lA foot; in variety.
*Clarlria pnlchella,
2 feet ; yellow
and dark crimson
tinctoria,
"Calliopsis

secure

condition
in
line can
be sown

GARDENER.

1 foot ; deepblue.
depressa,
rosea, same
heightas species
; centre ^florets
rose,

Centaurea

lime

well-drained

COTTAGE

alba,G to 9 inches ; pure white.

insignis

be expected to do well,and to come

very
maculata, 9 inches ; white,with purplish-black
spots.
followingspring. In severe
weather,long
9 inches ; trailing
Platystemoncalifornicus,
; sulphur.
kind
of
A
some
require
continued,they
protection. few
9
inches
bright
Oxyura chrysanthemoides,
;
yellow.
the bed, so as to support mats, or wellsaplingshooped over
*Silene vespertina,
1 foot ; rose-coloured.
clothed spruce branches,will be found quite sufficient covering
pentagonia,1 foot ; violet and white.
Specularia
in ordinarywinters in any locality;
and these coveringsshould
Visearia oculata,1^ foot ; rosy purple.
to cause
as
only be put on when the weather is so severe
Whitlavia grandiflora,
1 to li foot ; deepblue.
apprehension of destruction to the plants,and be removed
-W. SoTHEELANi) (inThe Gardener).
it improves. The
as
plantswill require to be
again as soon
thinned before winter sets in,so as to stand quite clear one
of
attention will be needed from time to time
another; and some
NOTES
AND
GLEANINGS.
to keep them
afterwards
free
from
and
quite
decaying leaves,
We are requested to announce
tbat a Gkand
Intebnationai.
them.
of damping that may find a place among
any other cause
Those
devote
that can
hand-glasses or coli frames to the Fkuit Show will be held at South Kensington,in the Royal
winteringof them will have their prospects 1 success increased, Horticultural Society'sgrounds on the 4th of October next,
when
numerous
and will,besides,be rewarded by the earliest possiblecrop of
as
gold and silver medals will be awarded
will be found in advertisements.
prizes. Full particulars
flowers.
Under
to Cauliglass they will require similar treatment
flowers,
We
have received from
Mr. Begbie,gardener to Lady
Pentstemons.
Give air at all times exor
cept
Calceolarias,
RoUe, at Bicton, half a dozen remarkably fine Brunswick
weather.
Remove
the lightswholly Figs, grown
The lightest
in the open air.
during the moat severe
weighed 4i ozs.,
on
in wet ones.
the heaviest
brightmild days,and keep them on, but tilted,
of 21bs.^
ounce
5J ozs., and the six within an
Give water sparingly,
to
t
illthe
and all were
only enough
prevent flagging,
perfectly
ripe.
days lengthen and the plants begin growing vigorously. In
March they should undergo a process of hardening-off,
bo
that
they may be planted out in April as earlyas possible.
The oldest tree on record in
The Oldest
Teee
in Europe.
If they have been wintered in the open ground they will require
Europe is asserted to be the Cypress of Somma, in Lombardy,
to
but
no
hardening-offpreparatory
planting out,
any
Italy. This tree is believed to have been in existence at the
protection that may have been given to the seed bed should be
time of Julius Cfeaar, forty-two years before Christ, and is,
removed
few days beforehand
in the event
a
of bad
; and
It is 106 feet in height,and 20 feet
1912 years old.
therefore,
weather
settingin after planting out, it will be advisable to in circumference
at 1 foot from the ground. Napoleon, when
stick a spray of spruce close to each plant so as to arch over it.
his
for
the
the SimploD,
down
great road over
plan
laying
The first springsowing will be earlyenough made
in the end
this tree.
divergedfrom a straightline to avoid injuring
of April,and a second
be made
the first week of June.
may
*

will

"

The

on
a
be made
west or east aspect, where the
in full
come
vigorouslythan if sown
away more
OF
that
PREDATORY
OUR
the
All
INSECTS
SOME
sun.
exposure to
may be transplantedwith safety
be
either
broadcast
in
lines
or
in
the
sown
ground
may
; and
GARDENS."
No. 17.
tap-rootedkinds that do not succeed well when transplanted,
Some insects there are of which you can only get a sight at
where they are to remain, or in pots,to be turned
must be sown
certain seasons,
at other times you might search for them in
out with balls.
had suddenly conceived
to makea wish
The
followingshort list comprises a few of the best of the vain,supposing you
of that particularspecies. Now, if it
acquaintancewith one
Californian annuals.
with an asterisk are not
Those
marked
derive
in every case
the most
beautiful,but they are all worthy of so happens that you are a lover of earwigs,you may
satisfactionfrom the thought that any month throughout
some
marked
as
being cultivated in any garden, and are specially
the year by a very littie trouble you can
men
bringone of these gentleof them
being the longestbloomers,some
blooming for a very
to light. Yes, and not in any preparatorycondition, but
long periodindeed, if a little care is bestowed in picking off
"
A very malignant
in his full dignity as a mature
earwig.
the seed-pods,and on wateringin periodsof drought :
"A very shy insect," says another writer.
insect,"says one.
1 to 2^ feet ;.r03e-colonred.
Agrostemma Coeli-roaa,
in their favour
testimonials
have
few
Most
assuredlyearwigs
Calaudrinia speciosa,
6 to 0 inches ; procumbent ; violet-crimson.
to do all the mischief
to produce,and if their determination
but white-flowered.
aa species,
alba,Bame
1 foot
Callicliroa
they can in the garden and conservatoryis a proof of their

latter should

plants will

"

platyglossa,

bright
yellow.

September 7, 1871.]

malignity,well,then,in that

JOURNAL

sense

OF

AND

HOETICULTUBB

theyare malignant. Shy,

examined.

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

These

wings

181

packed-up most

are

neatly, being

to have
been applied to folded transversely
and hence Westaa well as
too! yes, indeed, the epithetseems
longitudinally,
sort of redeeming quality wood
as if it constituted a
placed Forficula auricularia in an order called Euplexthem by some
that the
thinks otherwise,and
in their character,yet it will be thought by most
aptera(well-folded
wings). But Newman

termined
detestable.
A set of defind it ranked
we
with the Orthoptera in his little book, the
earwig makes it more
are
Insect-Hunters,"where he describes the earwigsas
they,sneaking into all sorts of hidingday, when they will occasionallyeat,if they
Feeding on the lovelypetals
Of our
best and choicest flowers.
do so unobserved,but their grand feeding-timeis at night ;
oan
Hiding in all Boris of crannies
then they pour forth to commit
ravages which are sometimes
From
the sunshine in the day-time,
as
real
In
the
but
the
summer,
charged upon any
culprits.
Cra'wiing,feeding in the night-tinae;
Their
can
autennie many-jointed,
know, their retreats are various ; one
hardly pick a
we
Gently tapering to tbe summit
;
"cnrled-upleaf without the expectationthat it may contaiu one
The fore-wings
and
shortened.
square
of them.
Especiallydo they resort to the deserted habitations
Leaving all the body naked,
which
and they cluster about leaves and shoots
of the Tortrices,
But the hind-wings, quite transparent,
Lilie
folded
lady'sfan
have been contorted by aphides. This, I have thought, may
Neatly up beoeath the fore-wings,
have arisen from some
likingon their part to the secretion to
Very beautiful to gaze
which ants are so partial,for earwigs have a penchant for
All the legs are very simple,
And the feet
all three-jointed;
anything sweet, as is the aphis honeydew. A garden insect,
At the tail
find weapon
truly,but not at all exclusivelyso ; the speciesis only too
Very like pair of pincers,
and
as
mologists
entoi
n
dry woods,
plentiful hedgerows, meadows,
And with this 'tissaid earwigs

shyness of

an

"

skulkers
placesduring the

"

are

are

on.

are

we

beat shrubs and

who

trees for insects know

full well.

Open and fold-upthe hind-wings

You must
watch
them and observe it ;
they refuse to reside upon open and healthyplaces,
I have never
had that pleasure."
have experienced
the driest spots,as the Volunteers
selecting
Nor
have
if
it
is
the
habit
and
Wimbledon
I,
of some
of the earwigs to open
when encamped upon
to their annoyance
Common,
and close their wings with the forceps,
it seems
of us who regard these individuals as intruders
a rather useless
though some
of our
best
proceeding,since these insects never
fly. A gentleman who
there, and consider that they are spoilingone
feel a sort of made repeatedobservations upon them in a district where they
for natural historyobjects,
habitats near London
numerous
as
were
so
to be denominated
a
mischief-joy,"as Carlyle calls it,in their being thus ear"plague," never
ally
wigged ; for, it must be remarked, that earwigs, like fleas, saw one actuallyon the wing, though he thinks that occasionwhen
makes
an
Tbe
that
Peach
he
his wings to
a
about
of
fact
use
a
know
earwig
nothing
leap,
respect persons.
may
that is,this observer,
notes also
is about to be presentedto a prince will not prevent an earwig keep himself steady. He
withdraw
not the earwig,that when crawlingup a wall or a curtain,they
irom eatinghis fillof the pulp,though he would certainly
be quite will suddenly jump to the ground should
in due time,having had warning, since it must
they apprehend
teeth.
danger, and sometimes, as he suggests,this is done in sportI
to be bitten in half by royal as by vulgar
as disagreeable
A comical earwig ! Well, perhaps such a thing may
asked what an earwig tasted
be.
that I wag once
"This reminds me
But the effects of the jaw-work of these creatures in our
scheme
like,and I fancied the queristwas contemplating some
and like the oriental
gardens does not make the horticulturist feel at all comio ; if he
by which these insects might be utilised,
culinarycompound (nota bad plan laughs it must surelybe according to the common
expression,
locust,served-up in some
the other side of his mouth."
I
on
it
but
wall
that of eating-up a garden pest were
They attack fruit,
palateable)
;
it
fruit
and
of
could
in
such
case
wall
fruit
the
Peach
and
from
and
a
best
not
state
particularly,
liking
really
recollection,
Pears and Apples are devoured
is far better for anyone to try the experiment in x"ropria
seasons
Apricot; but in some
persona.
that earwigs have an
I have since been informed
Earwigs visit also the kitchen garden,
unpleasant extensivelyby them.
and have been noticed to swarm
peculiartaste raw ; possiblycooking might modify this.
Celery. The flower
upon
beds
receive
no
better
before
has
been
the
ject
subinstances
to
The name
the species
treatment from them; in some
us
applied
whole
will
the
be
attacked
and
skeleton
It
has
been
belief
a
of much
plant
speculation.
long
popular
presenta mere
of flbres,as the result of an
inroad of a few nights. When
for entering the human
that earwigs have a predilection
ear,
less ravenous,
or
and hence, so some
the designation.It is not merely less numerous,
earwigs confine themselves
say, arose
the Dahlia being so exceedingly
to the flowers,
an
especially
English idea,for in France it is the Ear-piercer(Perce- more
them
that
the
show
which the cultivator would
and
in
the
Ear-worm
that
if
so
prized by
Germany,
oreille),
(Ohr-wurm),
Britons take up foolish notions they are not singularin so
gladly make and for which he has long prepared, is sadly
marred
was
of
through the earwigs. It is to diminish the number
"doing. Yet others will have it that with us the name
has for years past been celebrated for
of this these that the Londoner
originally Ear-wing," because the delicate membrane
the human
In shape, adorning (?)his garden with inverted lobsters' claws mounted
ear
organ when fullyexpanded resembles
and which
a foreigneris said to have
regarded as
though this explanation is doubtful, because at the time when
upon sticks,
first distinguishedby an English name,
of cockney taste in the matter
it was
people were not an indication of the peculiarities
Small flower-pots
in the structure of what
of ornamentation.
much
quently
freare
more
now
.generallyobservant of peculiarities
used for the same
One of the most effective
deemed
were
despicablecreatures, and a century or two ago,
purpose.
modes
of gettingrid of them is certainly
this plan of providing
scarcelyanybody knew that an earwig had wings, as
probably,
them.
it was
to use
out of which they must
be shaken in
never
seen
According to Dr. Johnson, the them with hiding-places,
Earwigs
Saxon
rigga,"a verb meaning to
bore,"or
pierce,"is the the morning. Xes, and killed,and there is a difficulty.
have very tough constitutions. Drowning them is not easy,
vernacular
root of the second syllable,thus rendering our
name
an
analogue of the others. Still the notion as to the for they can swim ; out them in half,and life remains in the
hours ; even
crushing does
earwig's hostile intentions towards our organs of hearing is two portions of the body for some
not immediately kill unless done very thoroughlyindeed ; and
"baseless. Every schoolboy will shortlybe awar^, it is to be
of the ear
to deal with, while you are
boped, in these advancing days, that the drum
then, too, if you have a number
affords no passage for an
operating upon a part the rest are rapidlyescaping. Scalding
no, not for a mite, whereby
enemy
it could enter the brain and cause
death or insanity,as is said. them
by boilingwater is the best mode of disposingof them.
the well-known
'That,considering
propensity of these insects Poisoning earwigshas also been tried,but it is reported that
vermin
to seek concealment,it is quite likelywhen persons have lain
though they eat greedilyenough certain
destroyers
agree
down in placeswhere theyabound, that one
to dismight lodge in the when mixed with sugar, the compounds did not seem
folds of the ear or enter the passage, we
recommends
with their digestion. Professor Westwood
can
readily admit.
instances have recentlybeen recorded,and in each the
Two
excellent traps small pieces of elder-twiss with the pith
as
insect was
from the ear.
One
of the two
easilyremoved
scooped out, which may be laid upon flower beds or suspended
suffered
for
a
short
which
extended
great pain
time,
againstwalls or trees. Traps are also made on the principleof
persons
side to the feet. The
that is,with a cone
down
one
other individual was
those used to destroycockroaches
of glass
most
the insects can
noise produced by the motion
of in the centre, into which
be snared by means
annoyed by the tremendous
The
location of the earwig, too, of bread.
the creature in the ear.
Throughout their larval and pupal stages earwigs are as
amongst other insects has been a matter of dispute. The
which
most
are
ranged active as when
armatured, but have only rudimentary wings and
wings,
beautiful,have the chief nervnres
in the form of radii,which spread from
a common
wing-cases. It is to be observed that theydo not hesitate to
is so deli- act as cannibals,and the dead or even
the sicklyindividuals
point near the anterior margin, and the membrane
fall a prey to their brethren.
"aate that very tender treatment is necessary when it is to be
Let me
quote,however, one re-

Nor

do

""

"

"

"

"

"

'

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

182

JOUKNAIi

OF

HOETICULTUEE

AND

deeming particularin the character of this inBeet. The eggs,

which are depositedin some
dry spot in a bank, or dry mound,
attended
with great assiduityby the mother
Are
earwig. As
LEVELLING

GROUND

AND

e c d, and
draw diameter
lines ", v, parallelto line a d, and
k.
From
centre /, with radius
find centres
a, b, e.f,ff,h, j,
centre
e, with radius e 4, draw
arc
4,
/ 5, draw arc 5. From
centre
with
radius
a 2, draw
arc 2,
a,
meeting are 5. From
with
radius
centre
h
draw
From
10.
h,
10,
arc
meeting arc 4.

1To draw fig.48.

lines E r and g h.

Erect

rectanglea

Draw

i,with
9, draw arc
10.
9, meeting arc

From
radios

centre

From
centre 6, with
radius
J 15, draw

GAKDENEK.

GARDEN

PLOTTING."

17 feet 4 inches and insert

pegs, as at points a and h.
the peg at centre g measure
3 feet on diameter line e v,
and insert a peg, as at point k. From
the peg at centre f, with
a
string 4 feet 6 inches long,trace arc 5, as shown by'radius
/ 5 ; reduce the string2 feet and trace arc 6. From the peg in
centre e, with a string 6 feet 6 inches long, trace
arc
3 ;
reduce
the
ttring
2 feet and trace arc
4. From
the peg ia
with
centre
a,
a,
string6 feet 6 inches
From

in

From
centre
k,
line e r, with
radius 1 12,draw arc
From
12.
centre ff,
g

corresponding

arcs

7?, with

Prom
centre
radius n 22,

draw
with

15.

are

28 and m^et-

ing

arc

From
centre

2.

the

area.

in

peg
with

g,

feet

string 16

long,

27, 27;
trace ares
the
reduce
string
2 feet and trace ares
meter
28, 28, touching dia-

22, uniting

arc

aro

at centres k.i, i trace

28,

28, 28.
centre m, with
radius
16, draw
m
are 16,uniting with
arc 28 and
meeting
arc

length, trace

1; reduce the string

2 feet and trace are
2.
From
the pegs

on

radios

23.

measure

9.

with
draw
From

No.

PLANS.

15, meeting are

arc

[ September 7, 1871.

the young
ones
they walk' forth with their parent, as
grow
chickens
with
a
hen, a ciroumstanoe which
is attested ly
Frisch,De Geir, and Kirby." J. E. S. C.

PRACTICAL
DRAWING

COTTAGE

line G E, as
by the dotted
Find centres
line.
lowing
and n in the folm
shown

The

other ares are drawn

from their respective
centres in the same
Ares
manner.
27,

manner:

"

the stake at
point A, with a string
14 feet Cinches long,
trace an arc, as in Sv
From

27 are
drawn
from
centre g, and meet
diameter
line a h.
Arcs
17 and 23 are
drawn
from
centres

From

point

stake

the
H, with

at

string

10 feet long, traceanother

arc, cutting
one
the
former
;
arcs
the two
where
the
other
is
cut each
sert
centre required.Ina
peg at that

Area 18
and n.
19 are
drawn
from
centre
s
on
diameter line a u.
m

and

Arcs 24 and 25 are

drawn
from
centre
diameter
line
)" on

point,as at

Arc
20 and
G
H.
the three corresponding

centre

ares
are
drawn
"^
from centre
o, also
circle 21.
The other
side of
the design
is drawn
in the same
manner.
To transfer _/i(7.
48 to the

centre

vi

)i.

in

Find
the

From,
with
a
m,
inches9
feet
4
string
in length, trace aro
Fig.48. Scale 12 feet to the inch.
16, which will unite
with arc 28 and meet
15 ; reduce
the string 2 feet and
arc
the peg
the
which
From
will unite with aro
trace arc
27.
ground. Lay
rectanglea b c d
17,
before described.
The
Traee
as
distance between
a
is 41 feet
at centre n trace arcs
e
22 and 23 in the same
manner.
7 inches,and between
feet. Insert stakes in angles in
17 feet
e c 48
the corresponding side in the same
Measure
manner.
the usual manner,
and
each side of centre o, on diameter line g n, insert a peg at
on
lay the diameter lines e f and g h
the stake at point a, on
line a b,
each point,as at points r and s.
From
the peg at point "-,
through centre o. From
6
and
insert
at
feet
9
measure
a pep, as
From
with a string7 feet long,trace arc 24 ; reduce the string2 feet
inches,
point v.
the stake at point d, on
line d c, measure
6 feet 9 inches,and
and trace aro 25.
From
18 and
the peg at centre
arcs
s trace
insert a peg, as at point u.
19.
From
the peg at centre o, with a string 6 feet 6 inches
Lay a line connectingpointsu, v.
same

manner.

Where

line u v crosses
diameter
line e f insert a peg, as at
long, trace arc 20 and the three corresponding arcs ; reducft
On
each side of the peg at point g, on
the string2 feet and traee circle 21, then the designis complete.
line u v,
measure
3 feet 6 inches,and insert pegs, as at points/ and 7(. All the lines and dotted parts are Box ; b indicates beds, and
On each side of the same
8
walks.
feet
and
insert
M.
to E.
point measure
O'DoNNELL, Gardener
w,
Leeming, Esj ,
pegs,
as
at points e and i ; again on
each side of the same
point Spring Grove,Richmond.

point g.

"

WORK
KITCHEN

FOR

OABDEN.

Wheee
Broccoli and autumn
have been planted
Caulijlowers
in shallow trenches
these should now
be filled up, for except
in very dry situations the natural rains will keep them moist.
The advancing winter crops of Broccoli,Borecole,"c., should
be kept frequently
hoed, and vacant ground may yet be filled
In earthing-up
up with the later kinds.
Celery,the greatest
care is necessary to prevent any
portion of the earth from

THE

WEEK.

fallinginto the heart of the plant,which would preventthe

upright growth of the inside leaves,and spoil its appearance
for the table,nor
should the earth be pressed too closelyround
the upper
part of the plant, as frequently,when such is the
it
below.
The
best practiceis to tie each
out
bulges
ease,
plant up loosely with matting, having previouslyremoved the
suckers
and small leaves,and then a littleear h can be added
every

week

as

the

plantincreases in tize. Another

oomiaon

September 7, 1S71. ]

JOUBNAL

OF

AHD

HOETICULTDEE

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

183

the singleones
It should be
have been removed,
earthing-upCelery too soon.
spaces in the beds from whence
size before earthing-up is
it will be advisable to prepare another bed of suitable
to grow to a considerable
with balls of soil into
them
attempted,and be frequentlysoaked with water, as but little compost, and carefullyremove
Here
It should likewise never
rain will reach the roots afterwards.
regular rows.
they may stand the winter, and will
bloom
Look
will
well
the plants are at all damp.
Cardoons
to your composts,
be touched
when
profusely next season.
that for the blooming bed of Tulips,frequentlyturnin drills may
Leeks
have earth
ing
especially
require similar treatment.
and
other
will
wireworms
and
insects.
them
hoe.
Late
and
out
drawn
the
Peas
Beans
to
quire
reit,
picking
by
up
arises from

error

allowed

close attention to prevent mildew

; well supply the
AND
00N3EKVAT0BY.
GKEENHOUSE
with liquid manure.
are
former
Tomatoes
likelyto be late,
Keep Begonias for winter displaythin,that their foliagemay
and the leaves shading the fruit should be removed
; prevent be kept as much
as
possiblefrom injury. Plumbago capensis,
the plantsmaking any further growth by constant stopping.
being almost indispensablefor supplyingcut flowers for autumn
JEUIT

OAHDEN.

trees which are observed to

be gone over, stopping all the
treated in this way a
strongershoots, and those which were
few weeks
over
again, stopping a
ago should also be looked
if
this
further portionof the shoots,
appears
necessary to prevent

Any

of the Peach

and

Nectarine

be growing too freely should

formation
of gross strong wood.
Pears,and, Indeed,
all trained fruit trees, should also be gone over, removing all
and air as
superfluouswood so as to expose the trees to sun
fullyas possible. This will be of service in properlymaturing
the

Attend also to Chrysanthemums ;

must not be overlooked.
them
The
earliest winterfreelywith liquidmanure.
Heaths
and
be placed
Bpacrises should now or soon
flowering
their blooming ; giveair,howunder cover, as it will forward
ever,

use,

water

freely. The pottingof Hyacinths

for

forcingmust

attention ; in doing this,do not forgetto pot

occupy
few miniature

which
stated to bloom
are
beautifullyin proportionto
their size ; they form
to vasefuls of largegood outside rows
of
flowered varieties,which
should,
course, occupy the centre.
About equal portions of good fibrous loam
and decayed leaf
mould, with silver sand, will be the best soil for them if for

ones,

the fruit spurs and bearing wood before winter. Where

ing
mulchhas been used for Peach and Nectarine
trees,it should be
removed
at once, if not alreadydone, for the fruit is seldom
well flavoured if the roots are excluded from the action of the
and air during the period of ripening. See that Strawberries
sun

but

well-decomposedcow

dung must be substituted for

the bulbs are intended for late flowering'o.
After pottingplace them
on
a
the pots
dry bottom, and cover
at
2 or 3 inches deep with old tan or ashes,preservingthem
the same
time as much
as
possiblefrom heavy rains. Shake
forcing;

the leaf mould

when

in pots for forcing next

well oared for,
season
are
placing them in an open sunny situation where they will have out and repotPelargoniums that are sufficiently
advanced,after
all the lightpossible,
and do not allow them to sufferfrom want
being cut back,keeping them rather close and moist until thty
of water at the root.
strike into the new
soil. Plants, however, that are
fairly
FLOWEE
GAKDEN.
established after repottingcan
hardly be too freelyexposed to
Unless some
precautionsbe taken to keep the taller plants air,or kept too cool. Let Cinerarias,
be
cool
and
also,
kept
in the beds of geometric flower gardens within proper limits,
moist,attendingto repottingsuch as requireit,and fumigating
towards the end of the season, to become
they will be likely,
whenever
on
green fly appears
any of the plants. Primult "
too high, and will destroythe uniform
essential to
appearance
attended to,in order to encourage
them
must also be carefully
this style of gardening. A constant watch should therefore
the double varieties,
which
to make
rapid growth, particularly
be kept on plantslikelyto exceed the standard height,and by
winter.
Tree
Violets
invaluable
for
free of their
are
Keep
frequentlypinching-back or pegging-down endeavour to keep great enemy, red spider,by a liberal use of the syringe,and
beds of the same
patternat the same
height. At this season, give them plenty of manure
water,which will help to keep,
with beds of floweringplants,frequent cutting-backand trimming
Pot Intermediate
them
in vigorous health.
Stocks for early
will be requiredto prevent a stragglinghabit in free- blooming, and also a few annuals for the same
Tropurpose.
time allow no dead flowers and
growing plants; at the same
pfEolums of kinds must also be started. Azaleas which have
seed-pods to remain on the plants. By careful attention to ceased growing, and which have set well for bloom, should now
of blooming may
these little matters the season
be prolonged be
wateringmay
kept as cool and hardy as possible. Whatever
till the plants are destroyedby frost. LawES
should be well
be done earlyin the morning, so as to.
be necessary should now
in
weather
to remove
dry
swept
worm
easts, and afterwards
allow of gettingthe superfluousmoisture dried up before night.
be well rolled. Where worms
are very troublesome,water with
W. Keane.
clear lime water of full strength; this will bring them to the
surface,when
they should be removed.
Cuttingsof various
DOINGS
THE
OF
LAST
WEEK.
should
be planted to keep up the reserve
now
evergreens
GARDEN.
KITCHEN
garden. Directly the early cuttings of bedding plants have
The brightweather, so cheering to the farmer, brought up.
them to an open situation,
taken root,remove
or
placethem out
multitudes
of small weeds in the garden, some
It any beds under trees appear
a hardy habit.
of doors,to ensure
piecesnot long
We
on
to be suffering
owing to want of water, givethem a good soaking planted looking as if seeds had been sown
purpose.
believe that the soil of every kitchen
that late Hollyhocksa?e afforded a liberal
garden of some
at onoe, and see
years''
supply, which will greatlyassist in prolongingtheir beauty. standingis a storehouse of seeds of weeds for many succeeding
We
have indications of the near
soon
approach of frosty years. A scuffle with the hoe soon sends them all out of sight
may
in these sunny days, and one or other modification of the Dutch
nights,and it will be well to be prepared with something with
the
which to cover
any beds liable to be injured by slightfrost, hoe is the tool for all such work, as it leaves no traces of
workman's
feet behind it.
such as those of Heliotropes,and the variegatedGeraniums,
hoers care
In the case of all new
labourers and inexperienced
the foliageof which is very easilyinjured. Mignonette for
must be taken that theycut up the weeds, and do not shove
winter and spring floweringmay now
be sown.
Phloxes and
the
is
well
instead
little
earth
the
It
to run
other herbaceous
over
be making a tolerably
a
seedlings.
plants will now
good
aseshow.
If Auriculas are not alreadypotted for the winter they foot along the ground of the hoers, to see that the weeds
should
be potted without
so
suckers or offsets,reallyout up when
small, and not merely covered over"
delay. Remove
and place them
With weeds averagingonly an inch in heighta 6-inch hoe with
round
the sides of the pot,which should be
6 inches across.
will soon
Auriculas
are
impatient of rich compost a fair pair of arms
go over a largeextent of surface,,
how to use the hoe ; he
and more
if the man
knows
during winter
especially
turfy loam, river sand, and very rotten horse
There is plenty of backmuch
his
work.
small
need
at
of
the
never
two latter,
will make
dung, a
stoop
portion
a suitable
of it than is absolutely
stoopingin gardening without making more
compost. It is far better to give them a strongtop-dressing
in
without
their body
mow
the spring than
Some
men
cannot
to have It of too forcinga nature
for their
necessary.
winter food. As regard Tulips,in consequence
of the weakness
leaninguncomfortably over the scythe. By settingthe scythe
of some
of the bulbs,it will be advisable to put a small portion rightfor short grass there is no necessityfor this doubling-up.
who mowed
and
We have known
of decayed manure
leaf soil about 2 or 3 inches beneath
peoplecomplain because the man
their lawn
did not have his head near
enough the ground.
the ofisets. It is argued that manure
fouls the cups, and with
some
show of propriety; but as there are alwaysexceptions Like a man
bending double over a Dutch hoe, it is all a mistake
work
which
could
waste of energy and muECle
over
to every rule,I would recommend
at all events
a mere
a strongerdiet,
such a strain on the muscles
of
for the offsets in the coming season.
The layersof Carnations
be done justas well without
and Picotees may
be taken oS. and potted without delay,
using the back.
doubt
of
the
have
valuable
in
most
that
before
directed.
We
no
one
things s,
compost as
Many seedlings have missed
gatherum of all
blooming; and if not convenient to let them stand over the garden, the rubbish heap,a general omnium
of seeds of
fruitful sources
in consequence of the large odds and ends, is one of the most
winter in their present sitnation,
"

"

"

I8i

JOURNAL

weeda

OF

HOKTIOULTUEE

being taken back again to the garden. Sneb heaps if

well managed are as valuable for general crops
hotbed
as
or
other dung, but carelessly
used they become
too often receptacles
of seeds when
weeds in a seedingstate are placed there
along with pottingearth that has done its work, sweepingsfrom

AND

GAEDENEB,

COTTAGE

any suckers,and
in consequence.
recommend
it,and yet, as

l remove

produce

taken

up last

[ September

7, 1871.

they contend

useful
they obtain more
this though we do not
they contend,the plan has some
commendations.
reWe saw
some
huge heads of dwarf Celery
and
the
main
central head was
October,
though
ours, yet round the sides there were
three,four,
We

mention

A littlesalt and lime will often greatlyimprove

lawns, "o.
not so good as
the qualityof such heaps ; but the best way to increase their or more
nice little blanched
heads
suckers ; and whilst the
value and to destroythe seeds that find their way to them, is main head went to the cheese and salad-bowl,
the side pieces
all and everything that will went for kitchen
to place grass mowings, rakings,
cut
purposes, or the best was
up small for
i
n
lower
with
the
heat violently
of useful Celerymay thus be obtained,
more
salad.
A greatamount
layers,
earthy matter
should
over
we
some
small
them, so that all may be heated through and through,and
though
prefergrowing
Celeryseparately,
stillthe fertilising
and having the main heads more
gases will be arrested instead of being perperfect.
the air. Even
m'tted to contaminate
the humblest, if they do
The tying-upof Celeryneeds some
care, so as to tie it loosely.
not use
soapsuds,dish-washings,"o., as liquidmanure,
would
It is easy to tighten before earthing-up if not tight enough.
greatlyenrich their rubbish heaps by pouring all such water on
If at all tightthe heart of the plant does not rise freely,
and is
and
and
then
the leafstalks below the
them,
every now
scatteringa littledry soil over
apt to find a way for itself between
the placesthat receive the rich waterings. This will preserve
Shreds
of
as
for
matting are
good as anything
tying.
tying.
the virtues of the decomposing materials,and the dry earth is Even
worth the labour and trouble of tying.
are
singlerows
the best and cheapestof all deodorisers.
When
in beds, the most
economical
dispensable.
grown
way, tying is inWatering. As far as this neighbourhood is concerned,with
People to whom
Celery beds are something new,
low
barometer
have
we
still had no
a
in their inquiriesas to the earthing-up,
anxious
but when
are
rain,though we have
heard of heavy showers
not far off. A fine rain would benefit
the plantsare well cleaned and tied,it is justas easy to earththe garden, do great good to the luxuriant crops of Turnips in np a bed with from three to five plantsacross, as it would be
and do little or no harm, if not continuous,to the
the fields,
For late crops we
to earth-up a singlerow.
prefer that each
later corn, as it would help to swell the ears of grain. Never
head
should have a few furnace ashes round
it, and that is
could there have
been better or more
propitiousweather for easilydone by placingtwo piecescf semicircular spouiing-pipes
home
the
valuable
ever,
carting
corn
round the plant,turning-inthe sifted ashes from a barrow, and
produce. In the garden,howthings were gettingtoo dry,and we watered liberallybanking all round with earth as you go on, moving the pipes
many
In earthing-up,too, the earth should
Eoaes, Peas, Beans, Cauliflower,and Celery. We wish some
from row
be
to row.
of our
learned friends would
tell the quantityof moisture
in
broken fine with the spade before being applied. The throwing
the form of vapour
throw off in
a strong Celeryplant would
in largerough lumps among
the Celeryplants is doing them
a brightsunny
day. About eight days ago we gave our Celery anything but justice.
ieds a good drenching sailingthem, in fact,with sewage, and
when
Soil.
the ground is rather dry, there
Now,
Collecting
are
as
some
apt to be careless with the spout of the water-pot, can be no better time for collectingwhatever soil may be necessary
and as the stems
of Celeryare rather sensitive to strong maother purposes
for which it is
nures,
for pottingand the many
followed with a watering overhead
we
with clear water, required in a garden. If it can
be obtained with the turf all
clear weak
or
soot water, so that none
of the sewage
should
the better ; if not with the turf,stillas little below it as possible,
rest on the stems, and then when
the tops were
somewhat
fibre it has in it the better.
When
and the more
dry
yon
threw over
the bed about an inch of finely-pulverised
we
the
rich
meadow
with
its
soft broad-leaved
dry have a choice,pass
soil from the sides to help to keep the moisture in. With all
rich
adhesive
that
will
be
and
for
too
too
even
generally
grass
rather the soil beneath grass that is
this,however, we found the soil of the beds much drier than
Choose
generalpurposes.
like so many
we
expected,and there was no alternative but to give water
stockingneedles,
small,hard, and pointed,more
from our
limited supply. We
"ven
believe three or four days than the large-leavedgrass of the meadows.
This you will
of
such
weather
more
would
have
and sheep walks.
If you
given us, without water, most readilyfind in upland commons
bolted heads, which
do
if
and
which
with
it
is
we
not want,
hitherto we
cut such a pieceof tart up
only l.Jinch
your knife,
have not had for many
tear
to
We
will
find
it
mention
this
can
cumstance
cirin
hardly
pieceswith
simple
years.
thickness,you
you
that young
have looked on such
enthusiastic amateurs
be induced
may
your hands, it is so full of fibres. We
to take nothing on trust,but examine
and test for themselves, with longing eyes for years, without
ever
being able to get a
for if we had not taken a pointed stick and turned up the soil load of it. After lyingand sweetening for a few mouths, such
the
Celery,we could not have believed that with our
soil would grow to perfection
among
everythingthat did not absolutely
dewy nights the Celeryplants had managed to throw so much
requireheath soil,not peat soil in the generalacceptationof
moisture
into the atmosphere than they had received
more
Peat soil that has been taken from where water has
the term.
from it. Fine rows
of Scarlet Kunners, too, with massive rich
passed or stood over it,however useful for fuel,is of no use for
inclined to drop a good many
The
heath soil we want
is that
foliage,
flowers without setwere
ting gardening potting purposes.
and swellingthe pods until they had Bad a wateringat the
obtained
from
uplands,where the herbage graduallydecaying
For
Peas
roots.
and Beans, "o., we find it is a good method
with disintegrated
has left a layerof vegetablematter mixed
to
in a shallow wide trench ; it gives a better chance
BOW
for
posure,
rock, sand, "e., the whole process taking place in a dry exif needful.
watering effectually
Such heath soil can now
and not under water.
only be
Earthing-upCelery. We have dwelt so much on this that obtained in many districts by the rich,as the priceis getting
to avoid repetition
would
we
preferreferringto articles where
higher every year. Such fibrous loamy soil as we have alluded
all plantsexceptHeaths, and even
it may
the whole is fullydescribed. Suffice it to say, that we have
to will grow almost
our
second
in
"arthed-np
a
form
piece
a
bed, the plants having been
good part of the compost of the stronger-growingof
time previouslyso as to encourage
all
the
Ehododendron
do
for
tied looselysome
the centre
will
and
tribe,provided
them,
"of the plant to rise a little. These
of calcareous matter
well watered
there is no chalk nor lime in it no amount
plants were
the day previously,
and then were
that is present Bhododendrons
in order
worth speaking of,as whenever
earthed-upat once
to be ready in three weeks
or
We seldom earth-up more
so.
will refuse to flourish.
in summer
than two or three dozen
at a time.
With the above as a sort of guide in choosing,
By following
except where
in small successions,
take
the
for
before the
are
we
Celery up
use
disposedto be extra troublesome, a fine lot
r )ad surveyors
soil about the roots becomes
exhausted
of its moisture.
When
of fresh compost may be obtained from the sides of most
ways,
highin most
the
and that for a small consideration,
as
cases
"arthed-npthere is less evaporation,but stillit is considerable,
and the part, bit-by-bit
way.
earthing-up,leaves the evaporation removal of the piled-upbanks would greatlybenefit the highfrom
the foliagefull play,whilst the roots receive no
chief source
of supply,
added
For many
years this has been our
the flower-stalk rendering the
moisture, and then up comes
though, as hinted above, we knew where we could have procured
unfit
with
for
but
the
the
kinds
of
if
better.
a
plant
Sometimes
hedgerow in a
anything
roughest
doing away
soups,
for that purpose.
"ven
field has enabled us to obtain a lot of rough turf before levelling
If Celeryis of a good size before plantingout, the most if for the plough,and that,the rougher the better,makes
soU
rare
Provided
not all of the suckers that come
we
in the axils of the outer leaves
can
after sweetening for six to twelve months.
be
can
of fibre in it,all is prettywell
removed, but in general the plantsshould be examined
get it fresh with less or more
carefullybefore tying,and every sucker or young side shoot
catch in this fresh loam net.
fish that we can
the air
Each
carefullyremoved.
head
stick will be more
or
metrical The greatobjectis to have such soil well exposed to
symin consequence.
We
generallyuse a sharp-pointed and sweetened, without greatlydecomposing its fibre before
knife for the purpose.
for such a purSome friends of ours, however, never
using if. Many of our readers have littleroom
"

"

"

"

"

"

"

7, 1871.

[ September

16

an

AlUbe

^^

latter wi

?^rbrr"a^"-"fl-'"f/-^
s"-P
,.a.."n..,.-The
i""rhy"
g^ub

except those "^^^J^^^y

Vavemade
"""*g^oot3
.^ j_^,
"^J^d
month
be

*"

trees

.ppleand Pear
funing or pmobmg.

of pruning

mode

Thfl

the

""!"

"-._

"

or

every

should
for
"^P^\^\^*"^[37eqaired
;,"?f
P'"f
and pi"=bing
gi"^"lv,;rd
jg^g
in September.
tord week
^^^.^yTtniol The spurs must
week^
up to tho
p^.^
^^^^^^
jxtension "]"','''*
*'fj''""the the "ther Bho"ts_
K^^^
the ^''"tl
required^'^f
^^^em
^J^b^tby
they will form
but
by
y stopping
but
wtb.
"O^TV.V.h
ued to them^,
^
,^"es
have
not he interfered
bouia be
ibout a foot of

ineBn.oLa

weeks

in

= re^TBSSt
stoppm.^s^5^Hi/i^
^;i^:,^r:^s^^"%^-^^h;^utss^"s
as

same

IB
.

S-,

half

to w.tMn

be cut back

;" ^

well, and to el

,^^^^
^^^^^^^^^.^^
Se";Vfulj"oa^^^^^^^^^^^^^bStS\oonaUytheabovemodc._^^^^
^"""
I"?f"^-i;-n,ing P'P"i^/j
^--/.-T."':^l^d/of"frinc^mingthrough.
the ball tothat

round

tan

^^t not

is

water

,._IJnless the

"."-".

through iron

U;" '^^^wnisoma

to u"

simd

p"t

^^^1^

--

.m=

oy

costaining

iave

as

soon

so

igh any

ide of

"

e.^t'"

.Q

Iim*

j.,i, "i

,ortJ

S"y^a?tW|es^^^^^^^

rm"rnfr*""^uLdy^rat^^
my

roots

of *6
the setting-on

^_^. and

cone

form

^^^_

(J. F. C-)-

LoBELlis

BLUE

compact
qu'^tf

/"^Ve
would
We

to

advise you

go

saved
Hl^^^H^tZ

oompacta^_^^

as

so

t;etr"arse?d.-"mtheplants
fiu^e^f^
re""is'often
E'-

temperature

S.^^
^

S
='"/'

oose
off all
the live

t^e

ings;

with

then

temperatureof 1"

as

that is dono

ba

bark

oaiK

sulphurvivumto

turpentineto

of

nor

'hem

frostcould "ach

"|
ou^|f

tie

^"

^^

^^

^, tobacco water
,j

g^

to the

re^^'btfife^a^n^nr"'WtKS3"E,

T'i^u3t

begin
before the eyes
We cannot
eyes.

"

ALTKKwai-**""

v.,imhpr

4-

"""--"

vouwouiuDt-

Lr

hardly anytmni,

i-

fourteen to

t^'cniy

leaved

was

as

wo

the

jear afterwards
the ins.aa P
in
large hole
2
cove
j,," the rim
would widen the hole
ball
",k.ng to the
ar"
obseive
These you will

vo
let
^ border to
getting ttte
^^,0

we

^^^^

^^^

that
wb^.^^
,ud break the pot
f or^^^
t
^
be good
^^^^
a^
a"T"""t1e"
ot^erHS should
The
^^^
._^ ^^^
tbBbm-^omporaryVines^
.^^ouldP'ant
^
^^
from

plants-say

i""

,fv,"kand
and

Jo"*'^"

^''hern
banner,

Bo

^i^

well back

take
t

?\=''P\%*f''
|f,"o="riv
extend, I"' 'he ear^y ""i,gb,

nothing

allowed to
fij^'J^^irroots
Muscadine,

.each the
but the
bear in pots,

roots

berries
Vor Vines to
house have

^^^^.^

anu

one

good

Mascai

a^^__^^ ^""freelv
"^cceeds
'j^^"?,

_,.^ ^^^^ gf ^eM,enosa,

fj^^^^
for
Vero^ .^ ^_^y
correspondent
i,
recommendedto auo^.^^^
them rogn-

divisions; in fact,

we

^ Jou wu^^

ruor
Oxalis covniculata
its

^^iEHSSSL-^spHSSS^x fnreatod
-^^tr'Sin^t^?^SB^^^^

will find

"

"="

bBlts
Us
edgings, be
tn
ol .^,
do not
^^
^"
plants in most romcuttmg'^used various
,^,,6
raised
of these
^^^ ^^^^^,
ar
/
They
^g
^^^ A-lt^'Eantneri
^^^
't
country nurseries.
"
^
Soubellaria,
or
the
tnow
from seeds
small yei'ow
well
^^.^^^ g"ws
plant with

ja^
^"S:^^^?^-=j?-wfrfiaHi"
doJbt
is

,m.^

.x

"......."

iaienh-lr.
\'CnaS"h"ras
^'"''")rfL%TrniSS?r:s
"^It""'?"
?hirea^^"'w?^t^r,\Ugain^^^^^^^^
P^'tv Wt^e
P^^^.
^=?iety

"There

they

^s

^^o^

liapot^P-l^.off
IrroSso^
t^^^^^^^^

with
sP'"'/"i,5g
-he glass cashed
^.^^^^^^^^^
thoroughlycleaned,

the

esB

f bring

removed

"i"eg,agsful

the hcusB

.,

can

Sits
^'"f,*^?
of

^^^

briwn

^^^^

fif-'^.ftrcolo^ta^H-'^r^
application iS^sfetrr
repea^tbe

?r^le\\""th^m'ird\afburn^^^^^^^
^g
*^rip
sc^rajn
-^^l^^-^^ter^t
damaging

but stiU

others
many
if -;'p3\VwIt"

aao"

of wo

holds

of t"

5^^

"r/ellot!wTp"rlfer^??orW.-

^
wS^-j^t^^r^rirrT^S.*;^."
a,f^pS^qsSt^5el'S;rr,rwS"S
ki^osfdir"nst?fp^-l-;,now
oroP^^^Pla-.r
eyesore.

of

.0

rr^ll'^^^idTlTiMVeVl^.-^^^^^^^

ku?se%^rdXebSiflow.^anaB^^^

Muscat
put
-^^^^^o^e
part
^fo^rich^ike
PBOPAaATl.a tf/X- ed'^?r"om'c"uttings
ISra'-g^d^n
WieVe^hous^e^^^^^^^^^^^^^
4mafcur).-Both
hotbed.
""Ipr gentl"
"

be

mav

ra

t-o
P"tB
and leaf soil,
^^^^^ .^
sir
^j^
silver sand. They
tbovare struck Pot.tbem
dry
o

style,w.tb
house
-able all the way.
"iront; then have
the

""

"""

^S^^X

favn"
a

louv
"ont
in
at the top, and
la
not
most oonven,ent
flue where
16 to lo
stage-say
temporary
te
y
P'^c^
can
These you

or

fijod
the

^*i*brsame
stage would
gl"BB;.to/eoe"e

do

or

^"^^^
^^^^
^^^^^
^ ^^

_^^

dwar^P^
^

lightedwe

the

plantsestablishea"n

ta are

so

ta

the pots before

them

during

the winter.

and winter
potsf
'"^^'Sln"eh
Zouihwater to
^

."'.'""
g,,ing "o"",,botbed,
gentlehoHiea

^ooM

,n

in

see

"o

to take

,ul in winter

tBo

ou^.^

ro

would Buooeedin
carefully.
and watered

""'

safely.

th^vUn
^^^^

8"

^^

J'^SLever
flower

^^^,^ not, however,

light

,^^,

"?'",, nts

Winter
grve

Jft
dry,.and

fason

keep the
the young

^^.^^

(W"""

Bhould not
BEPnlNG^^XVou
y,^^

"'fy"7^?
and established

^^

better
germinate

WiKTEMNG

-r5^t^5^n|^^-fe;tM2^
wmter.^s^^.^^
^^.^

y^^^^^
airjstructure.keepmg
them

be small.

have

When

^"

^^

"'

economical plan

-"

necessity

before spring,
j^^^ni

Ugui

(jdcm).-Twoparts

.j,^ d^ain-

o.^^-"iiSi-^-^^^""^^^""
lltt'

^"'

"

AMMIVI.1.1S
of turfy 10

im

-They

succeed

admir^^j^^^.1^^^^

H,
and
Ct"LT"K^^(^ne
pirtsaZaypeat
parts,
ono

two

.^^^^^

one

par

Repot early

"L^^nilv
large

-jilTare^r
AU^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
--

February,

removing

no

"-^^'

7, 1871.Z

September

OF

JOURNAL

HORTICULTDEE

AND

nnii the soil being in a moist state no water will be required for about a
moist.
Place the bulbs in a
fortnight,otherwise the soil must be made
them there
bottom heat of from 70" to 75*^,if convenient, and continue
until the p-^tsare full of roots ; then gradually withdraw
tbem from bottom
the glass; indeed, in all their
heat and give the plants a position near
be too near
it if room
be allowed for their development.
stages ihey cannot
When
growing freelywater copiously, and continue to do so until
4he growth is complete and begins to turn yellow; then withhold water
iby degrees,and keep them dry in winter on shelves. They require the
temperature of a stove.
have
had single
Picotees
Seedling
(Maria). The seedlings which
semiflowers this year will not be double in the next, though sometimes
double
flowers of the first year are
on
the same
plants double in the
We
following year.
have, however, no hope of single-floweringplants
pillar
caterunable
are
to tell what
We
Taecoming double in future seasons.
it is that is committing ravages amongst your Roses and Geraniums.
The best remedy would probably be to syringe the plants with 1 oz. of
ware
white hellebore powder to a gallon of water ; let it stand in an earthenfor twenty-four hour=, then shake it up well and
jar closelycovered
the plants
apply it with a syringe on a mild evening, or sprinkle it over
"

'With

an

old whitewash

brush.

for

"'

Stove

"

most

"

*'

oflice if you enclose

2s. l{d.with your address.
Sowing
Early
too
Spring-flowering
Plants
(Mrs. B.).~It is now
late to sow
the middle
be sown
from
any but annuals, and those should
to the close of this month.
Full instructions
are
given in " Winter and
Spring Flower Gardening,"which you have.
Heating
Workroom
Greenhouse
Overhead
a
with
(F.). From
what we can make
out, hardly anything in the way of heating could have
feeen done
You
worse.
are
quite right; you would heat ihe greenhouse
much
better by taking the flow-pipeat once
to the lowest part, and then
allowing the pipes to rise a little to the extreme end, where fix an airof the boiler. You
pipe, and take the return-pipe at once to the bottom
have nothing worthy of the name
can
of circulation in tbe
low pipes g,
in your workroom
Any
; in such a position they are practicallyuseless.
heat they may
have is more
from absorption from the heated chamber
round the boiler than from any proper circulation. That chamber
round
I'he boiler heated by gas will heat your workroom
just as an iron stove
wouid do. Do you heat the boiler by gas also,or have you a fire besides ?
Be that as it may, from the present position of the boiler you will never
5ieat the pipes g.
You may
go as high as you like, but not below the
fcoiler.
"

Heating
a
Small
Range
of
Houses
(F. S. Worthin{ito7i)."'Wewould
alter the arrangement of the houses
to pit,stove,vinery, orchard house.
We would
put the boiler then between
and
the stove
vinery, and heat
Tight and left as desirable. It matters
little where
the boiler is placed,
as if it is at one
end, you could take a small flow and return-pipe from end
to end, having a complete circulation in themselves, and
then
by a valve
or
tap take what you want for each house.
For instance : for your early
from
Tinery you need
7J to 80 feet of 4-inch piping. For
Cucumbers
alone we find 1 and 1^-inch piping very good. As to boilers,we
can
only
have carried out what
say, that after seeing and
trying many,
we
we
advise
simplicity,and put in two saddle-backs,
and from one we shall
at least four different temperatures in winter.
secure
We have no fault
with
other boilers,only we prefer the simple saddle-back.
In glazing the
roof,the closer the one-eighth-inch laps touch each other the tetter.
All
glass,especinlly if the squares are large, will be found
to be a little
rounded, and there is a littletact necessary
to place the rounds together,
otherwise there would be some
and square,
open
square
spaces between
the less the better.
"

Geothermal
Heating
(C.Adams).~-All that we know upon the subject
is contained
in two of our
back
numbers"
Nos. 143, new
series,and 649,
old series. You can
have them free by post if you enclose seven
postage
-atampswith your address.
Blue

Marl
(New Subscriber).
Without
a chemical
analysis,which we
undertake
to effect,
could not tell you with any degree of conwo
fidence
its worth
as a manure.
We believe it to be what is usually called
or
blue
.^ault
chalk marl.
If it be that it is not siliceous.
"

cannot

Names
Suffield.

of

Fruits

GARDENER.

187

of Chili. (I/?
noramus)." Corn us
also known
as the Scarborough Lily.

culata,native
purpurea,

POULTRY,
DE

BEE,

AND

OMNIBUS

(Qeorge). Vallota

mas.

"

CHRONICLE.

PIGEON

REBUS."

No. 4

and

last.

the subjectof food.

We borrowed
left off last week on
afraid in many
which is,we are
in illustration,
a " wise saw
"
instance." The love of overfeedingis general.
modern
oases, a
Perhaps it
It is more
developed in servants than in masters.
We would not
feed the latter pay.
the
former
is,that while
do not speak of wilful waste, but the
we
be misunderstood

We

"

carrying out

idea,"that they cannot

food,"and that puttingfood

of the

short of

bear to see anything

in front of them is

feeding.

the whole
(Young Beginner). Your list ie upon
select
stove plants in our
opinion are : A.llaBalfourimanda
grandiflora, Anthurium
Scherzerianum, Clerodendron
Eoezliana
JDalechampia
Dipladenia amabilis, Franciscea
anum,
rosea,
nata,
radicans major, Hoya imperialis,Ixora acumi"calycinamajor. Gardenia
I. coccinea
speciosa
superba, Medinilla magnifica, Rondeletia
are
restricted to twelve omit
major, and Stephanotis floribunda. If you
Clerodendron
Of Orchids for a stove, twelve are :" Aerides
Balfourianum.
odoratum
majus, Cattleya crispa superba, C. Mosaise superba, Dendrobium
fimbriatum
macrochilutn
oculatum, D. nobile majus, Epidendrum
majus, Lslia purpurata superba, Odontoroseum, Cypvipedium barbatum
glosaum Alexandrse, Phalsenopsis grandiflora, Vauda
suavis, and Onoidium
Tacaonia
Vansplendidum. Three
greenhouse climbers are
The
Volxemi, Rhynchospermum
Lapageria rosea.
jasminoides, and
Orchid Manual
would suit you.
It may
be had free by post from our
Plants

-good,but the twelve

COTTAGE

(S. 0. 22.)."
Violette Hative.
Nectarine,

Apple, Lord

feeding is first to get a proper description

and lastly
in such moderate
to give it regularly,
shall
be
entirelyeaten with an appetite at each
as
quantities
Whether it be for fatteningor for breeding stock, the
meal.
more
rule app)ie3
equally. In the former case they consume
food, as they get only that which is given to them, but they
In
our
great
have as much as they will eat at once.
must
Good

of

and proper

food,next

only

county, Sussex, not only is the trough changed

poultry-feeding

for each
and scalded every day, but the food is fresh mixed
If the food is
of success.
the conditions
are
These
meal.
allowed to remain in the trough and acquire the least acidity
thrivingafter that.
the fowls take a dislike to it. No more
The taste for
Fowls will only fatten while they enjoy the food.
failsunless they are moderately and judiciously
luxuries soon

given.

of high
recollect many
years ago being asked by a lady
creased
into visit her poultry establishment,as the expenses
every week.
dailyand the results were less satisfactory
first.
house
till
we
Turkey
came.
The poultryhad been kept in
doors were
The
opened, and the poultry-woman stood with
We
meal and barley ready to dispense it by the handful.
the doors were
opened
forbade anythingof the sort. When
all the birds fiew and scrambled away into the fields,
We

rank

nearly
spite of the attractions

furtive handfuls that were

of some
"
that's
down.
thrown
There, my lady,"said the old woman,
There
Let us look in the house.
the way ; they .wo'n'teat."
and
the secret : the ground had been covered with food,
was
; "no
stillremained.
"Poorthings !" said the old woman
much
found
We
as other people."
doubt they waked up hungry, same
food was
the ground outside their roostinghouse the
that on
in the Duck
inch
than an
deep. The same
trodden down
more
nougat "
inches deep,lookinglike a
run
; we dug up the barley
house.
for the fattening
But now
made
of very small almonds.
cient
suffiThere was
On entering,a most unpleasantodour met us.
three
days.
for
a dozen
food mixed for six fowls to serve
as
don't
eat
they
"they
"Poor
things!" said the woman,
their liberty. That food as aint touched
should ; they wants
since yesterday.""Yes," said we,
ever
has been before them
"
If it had been given properly, little at a
that is the
"

"

a_

cause.

it. Yon,"
eaten it and done well upon
would get sick of the sight,smell,and taste of
time
the table every
you went
on
if it were
turtle and venison
at ue,
looked for a moment
The woman
into your house."
"
Turtle and venison,
and then took to audible muttering.
always ready and get tired of it !
turtle venison,venison turtle,
would try
Well, I never heard the like of that ! Wish my lady
ing
much, and it's no use mindus, that's all. But he don't know
from
attention
command
could
never
what he says." We
to diminish the
but the result of our visit was
her afterwards,
of food two-thirds and to establish a healthyand

time, they would

"
we continued,

have

consumption

breed.
profitable
of
Plants
(D. M. G.)."Vallota purpurea, sometimes
called the
leads to more
sense
Scarborough Liiy. (BrisbaneL"Dolichos lignosus ; certainly not the
The contempt for order and common
plant you mistook it for. (A New Subscriber,Kilnwick)."!, ^schynan- than half the
are consulted
we
disappointmentand loss. When
thu^longiflorns; 2,Begonia strigillosa,
otherwise
known
as B. dsdalia
:
to feed, we
much
why fowls will not feed,or why they cost so
discolor, (ij B. Z/.)."
fi,^chmea
By no means
trust to your Cucurbit as
being fit for food. We have not yet recognised what species it is, but
often think if fowls were
giftedwith speech they would answer
warn
that we recommend
you at once
did the day after Twelfth-night,when the
you
by no means
either to pickle as Master
Adolohus
other way to eat the fruit till
"or in any
know more
oF them, or
you
have
doctor who was called in asked him what he had eaten : "Only
certain knowledge
that they are not injurious. The general character of
and a windmill, and a iiigRsr,
Cucurbits is deleterious.
Some
are
supper as usual, and a sailor,
very poisonous, and very few indeed
The
to be trusted.
are
(A. B. Y.)."2,Doodia caudata ; 3,SelaginellaMartensii
and a ship,and an elephant,and the queen off the cake."
;
4, Aaplenium fiibellifolium. The other specimens were
too young
and
truth is,everybody likes to keep poultry,and to eat poultry
fragmentary to be determined, especially as they have no spores, and
of
look back to the small beginning
can
How
and eggs.
not recognised offhand.
were
many
(Acton Castle).
"The
shrubby plant is Amefirst
lanchier Botryapium, with racemes
the fulfilment of the day-dream of many
of white flowers (A.C.).~2,Ecyngium
years, when the
alpinum ; 3, SpirjeaFilipendula,Dropwort ; 4, Lilium Martagon ; 8, Alyshens has appeared on
own
table,or the first
egg laid by our
aaxatile ; 9, Lonicera
sum
japonica, Japanese Honeysuckle.
(Alpha)."
the owner
From
chickens have contributed a meal.
Ducks
or
1, Phymatodes
vulgaris ; 2, Selaginella Kraussiana ; 4, S. Martensii ;
each
5, Cyrtomium falcatum; 8, Platyloma cordata.
(W. F. B.)." Oxalis arti- of thousands of broad acres and half a dozen castles,
Names

JOUENAL

188

OF

HOETICTJLTUKB

AND

COTTAGE

GABDENBR.

[ September 7, 1871.

than Is. ; if not,they committed

much
more
standingin its own
was
so
the incredible
park, who counts his deer by thousands
his six-year-old
Sonth-down wethers by tens of thousands,
follyof consenting to be charged 2s. 6d. per head for
of holdingtheir show in the neighstandingup to their bellies in grass {0,si sic omnia.'),to the nothing but the privilege
bourhood
tradesman
who
hires a suburban
of the other.
cottage with a garden, and
dish
of
beans
for
or
the Sunday's
With
the Show
itself I was
who gathers his first
peas
pleased. The Spanish and
dinner
Cochin
wonderful
from
the noble who dines eighteen sumptuously and
classes were
for the season,
and also the
to the tradesman
with
But
praiseshis venison,mutton, and dessert,
Brahmas, with a few exceptions,
Hamburghs.
were
poor.
his Sunday dinner of veal,bacon, and peas, who declares that
I wish to note that I had ocular demonstration of the way in
tails may be lost,as I witnessed the actual process in
such vegetablesas he gatherscannot be bought there is a tendency which
throughout the race to enlarge-on the merits of that two oases, and think it worth while recordingthe fact for the
them
to
and
that
which
have
and
sake
of
blame
which belongs
individuals for
to
some
raised,
they
angry exhibitors who
may
malicious
the usual wire ones, and in
eat with a double zest that which they have produced and
injury. The pens were
which belonged to them.
not back to back, but with a space between.
In two
rows,
cooks with their tails
Poultry should be more
generallykept than it is ; it fetches cases
during my hurried visit I saw
dearer than they used
a better pricefor the table,
through turn round quickly,and in one case one, and in the
eggs are much
to be, and food for it is cheaper. Another
Doubtless at this
advantage is,fowls' other two feathers dropped with the motion.
needs
better understood.
are
In former
the injuryis easily
season
done, and fortunately
days the roup was
easilyrepaired,
the plague of the poultry yard,and its victims were
the
is
and
I
venture
but
to press the
occurrence
legion.
suggestive,
We have oiten seen a yard in which those only that were
the particularattention of Messrs. Turner.
The
on
not
matter
those that were
This
be easilyremedied
evil would
roupy were
by substitutingsheet-iron backs
approachingconvalescence.
is now
unknown.
Little was known
used ; or, if this cannot
of the merits or the natures
for the wire now
be done, the same
of the different breeds.
is easilyeffected in the simple manner
Everything concerning them is known
always seen at
purpose
Eioe and refuse of all kinds,includingpotato-peelings,Bristol
the
back
with
now.
to back,
a stripof calico
by putting
pens
of the same
thought good enough for poultry,and no wonder it was
or
were
canvas
height between. Puttingthem apart and
which
with
seen
justice
given up in disgustwhen the poor " atrophies" were
unguarded has other evils,
frequentlylead to gross incrooked backs,thin legs,largeheads and knees, and when
in judging, but for which
the
the Judges are in no way
different broods were
For instance,at the Crystal Palace
Show
the
known, not by the differentsizes,but by accountable.
their senile appearance.
unnoticed.
The
fact caused
very best Spanish cockerel was
We have endeavoured in this paper to show how the cost of astonishment
but it was not the fault of the Judges ;
to many,
the simple fact being that the hens happening to be at the
keeping them may be diminished by the proper management
of their food ; we will also tell when
they will realise the best back of the row, and owing to the open pens in plainsight,
the bird would
pricesfor the table. On the same
keep his head that way, and was literally
principlethat the grower
in forcing fruits aims
I have noticed the same
to bring them
not seen.
to maturity as much
thing often, and many
after
the
natural
the
of
before or
plained,
season
as
judging may be thus exapparentlyunaccountable
possible,
poultry- a case
L. Weight.
keeper for profitshould aim to have good tender chickens ready
for the higgleror the market
from April Ist to June
14th.
this is accomplishedprofitwill be discovered.
When
HANDICAPPING
EXHIBITORS.
POULTRY
We
will only add one
word more.
Poultry-keeping is a
CotiLD you or any of your numerous
readers suggesta plan
taken
healthy and engrossingpursuit,but it should onlybe underology,
by which some of the poultryexhibitors could,in racingphraseby those who can find pleasurein work.
be handicapped ? I bieed five or six different kinds of
fowls,and have done so for some
years, and up to the present
SHAEP
PRACTICE"
LOST
TAILS.
time have very often exhibited,but it is very disheartening
when
find
I
such
names
as
regularly
Taylor,Leech, Brierley,
Qtjiteunexpectedlyto myself,I found I was able to run
up
and spend exactlyone hour and a half at the Cheltenham
Show, BeldoD, Sidgwick,and Lacy (who either breed or buy a pen or
two of good birds,and exhibit them at every show, big or little,
I was
when
annoyed by a little arrangement which I think
how small the first prize),
If
matter
no
it has been done
sweep all before them.
ought to be reprobated. I am quite aware
method
were
some
arranged that previous winners should give
elsewhere ; but when
a show
aspiresto the rank Cheltenham
it
would
fresh
such
as
to
points,
give a
impetus
me,
thingsrequirenotice which in smaller ones would only so many
desires,
who, in the face of the prospectof sure defeat,must certainly
provokea contemptuous grin.
retire from
so
The place itself is peculiar. Cab fares are higher than in
expensive a fancy with, I think,the ultimate
selves,
result of the great guns being left to exhibit amongst themthe railway station is not
almost any town I know ; and even
I feel confident amateurs
have but littlechance.
as
are
conducted like those of ordinary towns, but passengers
kept off the platformby an iron gate tillthe.trains theyare to F. Handicap.
I have often wondered
at these things,
departby have amved.
[Itwould be difficultto find an Admiral Eons to arrange the
but have had to conclude that the inhabitants of such a "swell"
of that name
does
as the veteran
handicapping as satisfactorily
behave
could
mortals.
The
not
as
ordinary
peculiarity on the turf. Eds.]
place
the Show
about
In the
is, however, of another character.
and on
the cataloguesand schedules
advertisements,on the bills,
ALLERTON
SHOWPIGEON
TRIMMING
AT
the priceof admission
stated to be " Is.,"but when
was
I AM quiteat a loss to comprehend how Mr. Hutton, being
I presented myself at t'ne gate I was told I must
pay 2s. 6d.,
to the AgriculturalMeeting.
I considered a judge of Pigeons,should vary so continuallyas to
the price of the admission
of Pigeons when
the qualityand perfectionof the same
did not grumble at that,but on reaching the entrance to the
pen
This identical pen of
at two
different shows.
them
he sees
ling
poultrytent found I had in addition to this to pay the shilconsidered
were
advertised.
Nuns
quite good enough to obtain the first
Eemonstrating on the inconsistency,I was
Mr. Hutton
told that for the 2s. 6d. I could see the agri- prizeat one show where
officiated,
rather gratuitously
yet at another
in exactlythe same
sent
condition,they are
caltural and horticultural shows, with which they had nothing exhibition,
though
"
cally
Mr.
Hutton
himself
trimmed
most artistiI
confess
I
do
this
as
not
like
of
to do.
Now,
managing pronounced by
way
manner," consequentlythe same
If the poultry show was
matters.
independent of the agricultural, and in an unmistakeable
""
them.
So far from " equivocally
why should visitors be compelled to pay for what they arbitrator at once disqualifies
trimming," I deny it in toto and most
might not wish to see ? A visitor to the horticultural show is denying the charge of
unreservedly,whilst certainlythe proof lies with Mr. Hutton,
not compelled to pay againsthis will for the poultryshow ; why
who casts the imputation.
should the poultryvisitor alone be the sufferer ? It is not the
shall arise on my part as to a
1 must here say no
of money
I complain of. Many shows charge high the
difficulty
amount
first day, and had the admission
been 8s. "d. avowedly I should
thorough ventilation of who is rightand who is wrong in this
have gone justthe same
that to announce
matter,and the birds are ready at any time to be placedbefore
; but I do contend
admission in a poultryjournal
and then compel a visitor two or more
as Is.,
competent judges,to prove not only whether or
wise
to pay 2s. 6cZ.additional,
is not a course
itself not they have been "trimmed," but also the truth or otherwhich commends
to common
Mr.
Hutton's
I
should
remark
that
of
or
statement, that " with the exceptionol
sense
common
honesty.
ing
showin perfectfeather,
the poultrywere in a separate enclosure ; and the Committee
the throats and crests the birds were
must
rest under
no
of two imputations; if any part of the
one
one
signs of moult whatever," whereas, I contend,that any2s. 6(2.goes to their coffers,
then the admiBBiou to the poultry
(saveMr. Hutton himself)is welcome to inspectthem for
and

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

September 7, 1871.]

JOURNAL

HORTICULTURE

OF

COTTAGE

AND

189

GARDENER,

DvOKa,"
Black
East Indian."
AyJss
2, Mrs. Hayne, Fordington.
1, S. Bum.
in proof that they are in pen-feather
own
satisfaction,
2, WJ. K. Fowler.
Dueklings."l,J. K. Fowler.
2, W. Stonehouse.
b\n-y."l,
thronghont the whole of the body plumage at the presenttime.
Stonehouse.
he, O. A. Young. Rouens."l, J. K. Fowler.
2, J. P. Fawcett*
2, J. ?"
Ducklings.-l, G. Garbutt.
Now
"Whitby, c. W. Pattison; G. Garbutt.
of the pair of young Dragoons which Mr,
as to the sexes
Fawcett.
Any other Variety."1, G. Sadler, Boritughbridge
c, T. Weatherili.
Hutton
admits caused him
"uneasiness," but states I "can
S. Burn
he, O. A. Young;
(Carolinas )"
(Carolinas). 2, S. Bum
(Mandarins),
\V. English (Widgeon). Ducklings."1, S. Burn
the benefit of the doubt," I distinctly
(Buenos Ayreans). 2, 0. A.
he gave me
see
assert
Young.
cock
and
which
but
novice
could
none
a
ever
hen,
Ihey are
Geese."
1, O. A. Young.
2, Rev. G. Hustler.
Jlc,Mrs. Storry, Goslings."
doubt.
1, Mrs. Storry. 2, Rev. G. Hustler.
So recentlyas the 23rd of August, at Rochdale, under
Toekeys."
he, Mrs.
1, Rev. G. Hustler.
2, Mrs. Storry.
Ward, Eanniel
Messrs. Esquilant " Charlton,they stood first with the medal.
Flat,
Poztifs." land
"Ward.
R.
Mrs.
Pearson.
2, G.
/ic,
Selling
But the most confiicting
CLASS.~^*ty Fariety."l, J. Webster
to my
(Golden-pencilled
Hamburgh),
feature of the case
mind
own
G. Pounder
(Spanish). 3, A. H. Banbury (Buff Cochins), lie.
Lady D. Yeoman
and that of other Pigeon breeders is this, that Mr. Hutton, 2,
(Houdans). c, G. Speedy (La Fleche).
"
whilst he states at AUerton Show, held on August 12th, they
PRIZES.
DISTRICT
the best pair he ever saw," at StanningleyShow, held on
were
C/iicfceJis."
Dorking, Spanish, oe Feench."
Cup, S. Bum
(Spanish), ftc,J,
(Spanish).
August 26th, at both of which shows Mr, Hutton judged them, Booth
GkUB.
other Variety not SpeciAcd.-Chickens. Cup, G.
Any

his

even

so

much

as

commended

them.

This want

of anything

Speedy

"

"

he not

(Polands).
Cochin-Chinas."
Brahma
Pootra."

like

judge, on the
uniformity of opinion in the same
same
birds,and shown in the same
condition,is to my mind
I
of awarding prizes,that
BO complicateda mode
have, io conjunction
with several other large exhibitors of Pigeons, resolved
never
to show a singlepen again at any show where I
know Mr. Hutton will be the appointedjudge. Heney
Yakdley,
Market
Hall,Birmingham.

C/iicfcens."Cup, G. Speedy.
C/ttcfcc/w."Cup, Rev. R. A. "White,

c, W.

Stonehouse

E,

Corney.
HAMEnRGHS."
C/iicfce?i5."
Cup, J. "Webster (Golden-pencilled),he, J. P,
Fawcett
(Black) ; G. Speedy (Silver-spangled)
; J. Webster
(Golden-pencilled).
Bantams."
C/"cfcefi5."Cup, "W. Henderson.
Ducks, Geese, or Torkeys."
house
Ducklings, Goslings,or Poults." 1, "W. Stone(Aylesbury),he,J. P. Fawcett (Rouen).

"

PIGEONS.
Pouters."
1, G. Sadler. 2, H. Yardley, Birmingham.
Tumblers.he, C. Auton, York (2); I. Garbutt.
1, H. Yardley. 2, G, Sadler,
Cakhiees.
1, H. Yardley. 2, No competition.
Fantails."
WHITBY
POULTKY
PIGEON
AND
SHOW.
1, H. Yardley. 2, J. F. Loversid^e.he,C. Auton.
Jacobins."
C.Auton; F."Wailt;
1, F. Waitt, Birmingham. 2,H. Yardley. /iC,
This
Show was
held on
tremely R. G. Sanders, Beverley.
ex30th, and, the weather
Tedmpetees.
2, C. Auton.
1,R. "WUson.
of this year'smeeting was
favourable,the succeBS
complete.
Barbs.ftc,C. Auton.
1, R "WilsoTi. 2, H. Yardley.
The arrangement
the pens in which the birds were
shown
Any
othfr
"Variety.he,T. C. Benson, Ford
1, H. Yardley. 2, R. "Wilson,
that of former
waa
Hall (Blondinettes).
a very great
The pens
on
years.
he, "W. Bearpark;
Selling
Class."
1, J. Cnndale
(Antwerps). 2, C. Auton.
nsed were
to the
new, and of sufficientsize to prevent any
C. Auton;
J. Cundale
c,R. Wilson.
(.Intwerps and Magpies).
R.Wilson;
"

Angnst

being

"

respecting
improvement

quite
injury
varieties of poultry.The top,back, and
plumage of even the largest
all of solid woodwork,
the divisions formingthe sides of the pens were
the fronts alone beingof galvanised
wirework,and each pen was
vided
prowith a driniing
fountain also galvanised. On the whole these

The

and the birds, from seeingopen space

very easy to inspect,
the front,did not keepconstantly
to escape at the back
striving
the approach of the visitorsor Judge,and there were
continuous
no

pens

Judge

Mr.

was

Hewitt, of Sparkbrook,near

Edward

POULTRY

TODMORDEN

were

only at

mingham.
Bir-

SHOW.

inst. in the fields at Eoomfield, and

on
althonghrain fell heavilydaringthe night,the day was remarkably
efforts to fightthe birds situated immediatelyin the rear, as when
rewarded by the largereceipts
and the Committee
at
were
fine,
amply
stroying
deopen backs are the order of the day, with the result of frequently
In all the departthousands visited the Show.
the gates,as some
ments
the plumage until the next moulting time.
Many of the
there was
was
admirablyarranged
great merit,and everything
exhibitors expressedthemselves much pleased
with these pens, and we
Mr. Crossley,the Secretary.
hear that it is the intention of the Committee
to let out on
hire the by
and in singlecocks the firstprize
went
The
Game classes came
first,
wire fronts,
wooden side divisions,
and water fountains to the managers
that could be wished for
to a grandBrown Red, which was
everything
"of any other local show who
desire to engage
them.
The
only in
may
The same
exhibitor was also first with a singlehen,
cock.
a Game
portionof the arrangements that proveddefectivewas the penning of
In Brahmas
Mr. Lacy
also with a cock and hen, all of great merit.
the poultry
and promptitude
their arrival,method
on
beingaltogetherwas first,
second with a splendid
and Mr. Ashworth
was
pen of chickens,
ignored; consequently
prevailedin this matter, no master
irregularity
In Dorkingsthe
this season.
best in all respectswe
have seen
the
hand superintending,
and thus a confusion
ensued that might with a
first prizewent to a grand pen of chickens,which we think are likely
littleforethoufjht
have been easilyprevented.
in
often to be in the prizelist. The two pens of prizeSpanishwere
The adult Dorhlngswere
a very indifferentclass,but the
entry for excellent
plumage for tlie time of the year, and two better pens it
chickens of this variety
was
equalto that at most of the largestshows would be difficult
The
entries in the Hanibwgliclasses were
to find.
"ofthis season
of the most commendable
features
; in fact it provedone
of the birds were
not large,bnt some
very good. The first prizefor
remarks
of the Show.
The same
are
equallyapplicable
iotheiSiianish
The
Bantanis
Game
went to a good pen of Piles,the second to Reds.
fowls,Mr. Bum, of Whitby,showingsome
well-grown chickens. In
five pens
Rouen
Ducks vfere an excellent class,
and, besides the prizes,
Game the Brown Red chickens were
shown
in excellent feather and
commended.
were
highly
condition,and most probably,
when carefully
dubbed, we shall hear of
the Pouters
and Carriers were
mostly first-class
Among the Pigeotis
further successes
A few pens of good
attendingtheir exhibition.
Mr. Horner
birds,
winning both prizesfor Carriers. The Tumblers
CocJims were
but
the
The
Eev.
shown,
majoritywere indifferent.
The
commended.
three
were
and
Dragoons
were
highly
good,
pens
E._A.White, of Whitby,with a finelydeveloped
pen of Dark Brahma
and four pens were
and the Fantails were
a good class,
perfect,
chickens secured not onlythe silver cup in the districtcompetition, were
also good classes,
The Barbs
and Jacobins were
highlycommended.
but likewise firstprizein the class for this breed open to all comers.
and Antwerpswere
perfect.Tarbits,Owls, and Trumpeters were very
of the Hamhurghs shown were
not equal to the
Though the majority
the Blue
a class we
were
a beautiful class
Rocks
a
nd
classes,
good
standard of the customary Yorkshire and Lancashire exhibits,some
The
Variety class contained
should be glad to see at every show.
and Silver-spangled
"Tolden -pencilled
view that would
be hard
were
on
commended.
four
were
of
and
fine
some
highly
specimens Toys,
pens
to beat at any show.
Mr. J. K. Fowler, of Aylesbury,
sent pens
of
Coek."\, C. W. Brierley. 2 and he, W.
Game."
1, C. W. Brierley, Middleton.
Eouen and AylesburyDucks that completely
astounded
bitors,
the local exhiBen.
1, C. W. Brierley. 2 and he, W.
Ormerod, PexLouse, Todmorden.
and the display
of fancyWaterfowls
the
time
for
was
of year
he, J. Ashworth, RochBeahmIs."1, H. Lacy. 2, J. Ashworth, Rochdale,
lemarkablygood,the Black East Indian Ducks in particular.
This

held

was

on

the

2nd

"

"

Dorkings."

1,J. "White, Warlaby.

2, R. Smith, Malton.

Hustler,Stillinfifleet.
2,J. "White, he. 3. Smith, "Westerdale
E. Corney, "Whitbv ; D. "White, Driffield ; Mrs. B. Peirse.
Spanish"

I.R.Smith.

2. G. Holmes,

Driffield.

Chickens.~l, Rev. G.
"Whitby ;
; S. Bum,

CfticfccTW." 1, S, Bum.

2, G.

Poimder, Kirby he. "W. Harrison, Underpark ; J. Booth, Lyth ; "W. Kidd,
Lyth ; H. Judson, "Woolknoll.
GA-HE"Black-hreasted
or other Reds."l,"W. Bearpark, Northallerton.
2, W.
Maynard, Ingleby, Any other Variety." 1, F. Sales, Crowle,
2, W. Bearpark.

Vhickeiis."l
and 2, G. Carter. Bedale,
he, O A. Young,
c, "W. Bearpark.
Cochin-Chinas."
1, T. H. Readman,
Whitby.
Chickens." I, J.
2, J. Booth.
Booth.
2, G. Speedy, "Whitby, he, H. Elliott, Lyth ; G. Trueman,
"Whitby.
", J. F. Loversidge,Newark.
Brahma
Pootras."
1, Miss B. Peirse,Bedale.
Chickens."
2, E. ComeT.
1, Rev. R. A. White.
2, W. "Whitely. he, "W. Stonehouse, Whitby ; Rev. G.
Hustler,
c, E. Corney ; Mis8 B. Peu-se.
Fbench."
1, J. K. Fowler, Aylesbury. 2 and c, T. Percival (Creve-Ccears).
^ATSBTJRGns."
I, G. Holmes.
Golden-spangled."
2, G. Garbutt, Sinnington.
G. Holmes.
Gold
Silveror
2, J. Thistlethwaite, Ayton.
(Silver-spangled). GoldenspangledChickens." 1, G, Speedy. 2, "W. Stonehouse
T. H. Readman.
3pencilled."l,
2, G. Holmes.
SilverpenciUcd."l,Miss B.
Peirse.
Gold or Silver-pencilled Chickcns."l and 2, J. "Webster,
2, G. Garbutt.
Miss B. Peirse ; T. H. Readman.
"Whitby, he,J. "Webster,
c, J. Russell:
Game."
Driffield. 2, "W. Henderson.
Bantams
1, Pickering "
S, E. Barker, Stokesley. Any other Variety."1, R. Tinsley,Norton.
2, G.
Holmes.
3, Dr. Tinley, "Whitby.
Ant
other
Fawcett
Variety."
J.
P.
2, Mrs. Storry,
1,
fBlack Hamburgh).
cett
Stokasley(Sultans). 3, Lady D. Veoman
(Polands). Chickens." 1, J. P. Faw(Black Hamburghsl. 2, Miss B. Peirse (Houdans).
he, J. Osley,Whitby

Silver'S2Jangled."l,

"

White

Leghorns); T. H. Readman

Duggjleby,

(BlackHamhurghs).

Cochins.~1,'h.
Lacy.

he, E. Leech, Rochdale;

Middleton,

2, A. Bamford,

Healey, Rochdale.
2, J. Stott,
and c. W. H. King. Rochdale.
1 and 2, C. W. Brierley.
Spanish."
i-^
o
tt
Halifax.
2
ana ^
-ak-y[BTJRG^B." Gold-pencilled. I, S. Smitn, Northowram,
and
2, H. Pickles, lun.,
Gold-span^lcd."l
he, T, Wri'ley. Tonse, Middleton.
and 2, H. Pickles, ]un.
Earby, Skipton. Silver-pencilled.-l
Black."
I, H, Hoyle,
1 and he, H. Pickles, jun. 2, H. Stanworth, Worsthorne.
Todmorden.
2. T. Greenwood,
Lumb, Newchurch.
2, Bellingham " Gill, Burnley.
Game."
Bantams.1, T. Barker, Burnley.
S.Smitii.
Any other
Burnley;
T. Barker.
" Gill, Burnley;
he, BellinBham
Halifax
(Black).
H
VfiripUi
"1
Pickles
iun. (Black). 2, G. W. Robmson,
2.
Pickles, jnn. (Silver Polands)
ANY
/ic,S. Renshaw, Gale, Littleborouffh; T. Waddmirton.
Feniscowles.
lands).
Newton-le- Willows
(Black PoSelling
Class.-1, T. Wakefield, Golbome,
(Dark Brahma),
he, H. B.
Ending, Healey, Rochdale

boEKiNGS."1

Silver-siian^led."

otheeV^ie^y.^H.

T^Waddington,

Buckley,
2,
(East Indian); H. Pickles, ]un. (Polands).
Smith, Brou^bton, Preston
2. A. West, Worsthorne,
Bur^ey.^ouen.
DucKS.-^I/ifs"uru-1, E. Leech.
he, H. B. Smith; E,
Newton-le-WiUows.
T.
Wakefield, Golbome.
1 and 2,
LittleDorough.
Amj
R. Hutr^hmson,
A. West:
S. H. Stott. Preston;
LeechSmith.
otlier Variety." \, C. W. Brierley. 2 and /ic^.B.
Geese
(Any variety)." 1, E. Leech. 2, S. H. Stott.
1, E. Leech.
(Any variety)."
Turkeys
PIGEONS.
he, T.
Harewood, Leeds,
2, E. Homer,
PouTEEs.
1. T. Waddingtou.
"

"

"

Waddington;
Caeriees."

Blackburn.

E. Homer.
1 and 2, E.

Homer,

"

"

"

".

he, H, Yardley, Birmingham;

o*
i
t
J.
Stanley

OF

JOURNAL

190

AND

HORTICULTURE

TriiBLERS
(Anv variety)."!, F. Moore, Burnley (Almonde). 2, E. Homer.
Haslineden.
he, H. Yai'dley; T. Wiiddintrton
; J. Brown,
T. Waddinffton.
2. H. Yardley.
he, J. Stanley.
Dragoons."],
Fantails."
2, T. Waddington.
1, .T. F. LnvcrsiilKe, Newark.
he, J. Walker,
Newark
(2);H. Yardloy ; E. Horner.
he, J. Stanley; E. Horner.
Barbs."
1, H. Yardlny. 2, E. Horner,
Jacobins."], E. Horner.
2, T. Waddington.
Aktwebps
1. E. Horner.
2, J. Stanley,
he, J. W. Collinson,Halifax; J.
Stanley; T. Waddington.
TuRBiTS.
Jic,F.
1, B. Consterdine, Littleborough. 2, T. Waddington.
H.
E.
W.
Kitchen, Feniscowles,
Blackburn;
Yardley;
Moore,
Burnley;
Homer
f2).
Trumpeters."
1 and 2, E. Homer,
he, W. Kitchen ; T. Waddington.
Owls
1. J. Stanley.
2. B. Consterdine.
he, E. Homer.
Rocks."
he, J.
Blue
1, J. Crabtree, Ewood,
Mytholraroyd.
2, E. Horner,
Crabtree
; E. Horner.
; W. Sutcliffe. jun., Todmorden
Vatjip ty."
B.
other
Consterdine.
Ant
1,
2, T. Waddington. he,W. Kitchen
;
H. Yardley ; T. Waddington ; E. Horner.
"

"

GARDENER.

COTTAGE

[ September

7, 187T.

Owls.1,W. Cannan.
2, J. Hawley. 3, E. Homer.
Jacobins."
Cup and 2,J. Thompson,
Bingley. 3, G. Roper. Croydon.
Trumpeters.1 and 3, E. Homer.
2, W. Harvey. Sheffield.
J.
Fantails."
Walker, Newark.
1,
2, T. Waddington
3, E Homer.
1 and 2, E. Homer.
Ti-rdits.3, Clayton " Boirstow, Girlington.
Dragoons.1, T. C. Benson, Sunderland.
2, B. Lancaster, Baildon.
3, J.
Baxandall, Crossbills.
Antwerps.1. W. Harvey.
2. M. Smitli,Kcishlev.
" Bairstow.
3, Clavton
Variety."
Any
other
1, W. Harvey.
2, E. Horner.
3. T." Waddington.
Selling
Class."
1, J. Lister, Keighley.
2, R. Fetch, Moon, Driffield. 8, E,
Homer.
Bred
for
Flying
Pdrposes."
1, J, Summer, Morton
(^Vntwerps). 2, R-

Sedgwick,

Keighley.

"

Dison, of Bradford, and

James

Mr.

the

were

Mr.

Robert

W.
ItABBiTS."Heaiuest."l,
Arkwright, Sutton
Scarsdalo, Chesterfield. ?,
A. H. Easten, Beverley.
Lop-eared.
1, H. Cawood, Thome.
2. H. Ridley,
York.
S, J. Bovle, jun., Blnckbm-n.
Any other Variety." 1, S. G. Hudson, Hull.
2, R. Pollard, Bingley.
3, W. H. Tomlinson, Newark.
"

Judges

Payne,of Burnley,

Mr.

Judges.

"

Poidtry:Mr.

Smith, Beech

W.

R.

Preston.
J.
liabbits: Mr.

Teebay, Fulwood,

Hill, Halifax.

Pigeons:

Douglaff,

Clumber.

DRIGHLINGTON

AND

ADWALTON

POULTRY
WIRRAL

SHOW.
This

Show

was

held

on

the 2nd

inst. The

is
following

the

AGRICULTURAL

The

Ust:"
Spanish."

1 and Cup, T. C. " E.

Powell, Bradford.

2, H. Beldon, Goitstock,

Newbitt,Epworth.

Show

annual

The

Dorkings."
2. H. Beldon.
1, T. Briden, Earby.
Cochins."
1. H. Beldon.
2. W. J. Mason.
Drighlington.
1. C- Berry,
Brahmas
Morley- 2, H. Reldon.
2. J. Fell,
GAUtf:"Blark
hrra-'^tcd or other Ecd.~l. J. A. Aykroyd, Ecclesbill.
Adwalton.
2. W.
Fell, Adwalton.
Viiekwinri. 1 and Cun, J. A. Avkroyd.
Ani/olher Variety."!, H. Beanland, Tong.
2 and he, R. " H. Walker, Wood
Nook, Gomersal.
H\MBURGHs."
and
GoM'm-s))o"f77^(?. 1 and 2, H. Beldon.
Silver-spanaled."l
SUver-pc'ncilled."\ and
2, H. Reldon.
Golden-pencilled." \ and 2, H. Beldnn.
BZacAt.-I
and 2, H. Beldon.
2, H. Beldon.
he, C, Berry; E. Hopkinson, Tong.
Ant
other
Variety.
1 and 2. H. Beldon.
he, C. Berry.
Single
Cock
(any variety).- 1. W. H. Mason, Drighlington (Buff Cocbin).
he, J. A.
2, J. Fell, Adwalti."n (Black Red).
(Brown
Red),
3, H. Beanland
Avkrovd
(Brown Red).
Bantams."
(7rtmc"l, G. Noble, Staincliffe. 2, J. Oldfield. Shibden, Halifax.
"
Newbitt
S
Ward.
T.
C.
E.
J. A. Chapman,
he.
Birkenshaw:
Morley (2);
;2).
Any other Variety." \ and 2, H. Beldon.
Geese
(Any breed).- 1, 0. Ward, Origblington (White). 2, Miss C. Bland,

day a large number

for the poultry
were

"

"

"

in connection

was
Agricultural
Society

Bingley. he, J.

"

POULTRY

SOCIETY'S
SHOW.

prize
weather

held

on

all that could

was

with the

August

SOth

old-established "Wirral
Birkenhead
Park.

near

the
desired,and throughout
ground. The arrangements
well
from
protected
pens being

have

been
visited the

of persons

very good, all the

was
; but as the day was
onlyof use
very hot the canvas
the
to protect
birds from
the sun.
The Z)or7;/Hr/
class was
not up to
the mark, and the birds were
in bad plumage.
The chickens
were
a
the weather

fair

class,but

of the adult

have

we

better at this

seen

of the year.

season

Soma

Cochins

were
very good. Mr. Stretch and Mr. Lacy had
In tho
the former only won
first,
by condition.
tridge,
firstwith a really
chicken class Mr. Sidgwick was
perfect
pen of Parand Mr. Stretch followed with a good pen of Buffs. Mr. Lacy

hard

took

pullfor

both

the

of the chickens
birds ; some
capital
The Spanishwere
very poor, and onlyone prize
of
adult
Game
was
much out
condition, but somo
were
The
first prize went to Black Reds,
Dricblinston fGrey). /jc,.T. Pittfi,Dr'frhlingf.on
(White).
good birds were amongst them.
Bucks."
H. Beldon.
he, T. E. Terrv,
2, S. Proctor, Padsev^i/7es/?('r?/."l,
the second to Browns.
The chickens were
good, and both prizeswent
T. E.Terry.
Sbawfield, Tbng. 2?6Hen."l,
2,E. Crampton, Pudaey. /ic.J. Ward.
Reds.
The Game
to Brown
Bantams were
a small
entry,Mr. Maples
PIGEONS.
the principal
There
winner.
two classesof Hamhurghs,
being
were
only
Carriers."
W.
Bradford.
H.
2,
Yardley, Birminpham.
Cannan,
1,
rather indifferent^
Pouters
and 1, W. Cannan
(Blue). 2 and extra 2. H. Yardley (White). and with the exception of the winners theywere
-Cup
S. Robaon.
Newark.
he, W. Cannan;
Brotherton, Ferrybridge; R. Esam,
The Variety
class contained some
excellent Creve-Coeurs and Houdans^
.4;Hio"d." 1, W.
Tdmulebs."
Cannan.
2, H. Yardley. Any other Variety."
In Rouen
Mr.
Dnchs there were
fourteen pens of excellent birds.
1 and 2, W. Cannan.
Barbp."
1 and
Gladstone's
2, H. Yardler.
he, W. Cannan.
prizepen was all that could he desired both as regards
Ant^-erps.7k;,W.
1, J. Speisht. Bradford,
2, W. Firth, Birkenshaw.
size and colour.
In Aylesburys
first and second.
excellent birds were
Cannan
Peel, Birkenshaw
; B. " M.
(2).
The Geese were
TuRBiTS."
1 and he, W. Cannan.
very fine,and the Judgeswould have been gladif they
2. H. Yardley.
Fantails
"1. W. Cannan.
2. H. Varnley.
Jacobins."
1, H. Yardley. 2, W. Cannan.
1 and
Trumpeters.
he, W. Cannan.
2, S. Robson.
Magpie
Swallow."
on
l, J. Annakin, Drighluigton. 2, H. Yardley.
(2).
Cannan
Any
Variety."!
and 2, W. Cannan.
other
he, J. Speight; R. Esam.

in
prizes

also very
awarded.

were

had

had

There

The

to
prizes

more
was

BraJtmas with

good.

award.

fine show

of

"

Judge.

"

Mr. E. Hutton,

7iC,W.

Pudsey.

Yardleywas a largewinner
contained
thirty-three
pens
together. Mr. Byron took
any

other colour

than

POULTRY

the

The

classes.

Dragoon

Mr.

classes

of the

best birds that were

ever
brought
cup for the best pen of Dragoons of
The second-prize
in all respects
pen was

the

Blue.

but suffering
from
first-class,

BINGLEY

Pir/eonsin nearlyall

with first-classbirds.

the moult.

SHOW.

Pigeons proved very attractive,as they generallydo. In

The
annual
cultural
Poultry Show in connection with the Airedale Agrifirst and second,the first-prize
birds being of
Carriers,Blacks were
Society,was held in the groundsof Gawthorp Hall, Bingley,
capitalcarriage.In Pouters, both first and second prizeswent to
The awards were
on
as follow :
August 30th.
One was
had two classes.
Whites, both pens beinggood. Tumblers
GASiK."Blaclor
other Beds "\, "Lund " Lambert,
Silsden. 2, J. Robertshaw,
first and Blue Balds
for Beards
and Balds, in which Blue Beards were
S. E
Thornton.
Bradford.
he, E. Ayki'oyd : J. Hodgson,
Aykroyd, Eccleshill.
The

"

second ; the other was for any other

and in this Almonds
were
T. Dyson, Halifax.
Any other Variety."Cmp, E. Ayki'oyd.
2, J.
Rnbertsba\v.
of Yellow Mottles
first and a pretty
second. In Barbs, Yellows
Spanish. -1 and 3, .T.I. Booth, Silsden.
Leeds.
2,W. E. F. Pickard,Thomer,
birds were
first and Blacks second. In Tnrbits the
were
he, W. Schofleld, Leeds.
Dorkings
feather
"1. T. E Kell, Wetherby.
moult, but good in head, Yellows in
3, R. W.
2, D. White, Great Driffield.
Whites, in
Richardson, Meaux
Abbey, Beverlev.
hr, H. Beldon, Goitstock.
first and second.
A silver cup for tha
second. In Owls, Whites were
Cochins.Clip and 2, C SedR^ink. Kcighley.
classes
a very good entry,both in the class for Blues
Brahmas"
1, R Hutchinson, Hollingworth. 2, Dr. Holmes, Chesterfield.
all'
birds were
Mr. Graham's
3, R. H. Hodeson, Micklethwaite.
and also in that for any other colour.
Hamburghs
1, H. Beldon.
2, E Gill,Feamcliffe, Bingley.
Go/fZ-s;3a"(7;^rf."
in moult, otherwise he would have stood much
higher in the prizelist.
; T.May.
3, T. Dean, Keichley.
he, 'P.Dean
Wolverhampton.
Silver-apangled.
feather.
both in very
The firstand
pens of Blues were
8. 0. Smith, Silsden.
"Cup, G. Mitchell, Keighley. 2, H. Beldon.
he, G. " J.
Black."
Church.
Duckworth.
\,Vf. Preston, Bingley.
3, J.
In the class for any other colour,Yellows took both prizes. The first2, C.Sedgwick.
Oold^peneiUed.
Lnnd. Silsden.
ftr,C. Sedgwiok;
Keighley.
Cup,
W.Moore,
in the thigh,the
too
were
birds
birds
were
2. J. Sm
H. Beldon.
Baildon.
he, 3.
tb, GUstead, Bingley.
3, T. Fawcett.
in their
second
first and
Black Nans
were
only in moult.
R. LongT. Kinder, Micklethwaite,
Smith;
Bingley.
Silver-pcpeillcd.--},
bottom,
Banks.
.inn.,Bingley, 2, H. Smith, Morton
lie,J.
3, H. Beldon.
second in the class for any
class,and Trumpeters firstand Porcelains
Garnett, Idle.
the Committee
recommend
other variety. Another
year I should
Ant
2. .LBowker, Keighley.
other
Variety
exctpt
Baktams.
],H. Beldon.
for
to offer
Carriers and Pouters instead of
3. J- J. Maldpn, Bitrgleswade (Creve-Ccenr).
he, T Middleton, jun, Seacroft
(Silkies); H. Bowker, Keighley (Polands) : T. Dean. Keighley.
A Fancier.
2. J. Oldfield,
Bantams
"Game"
Cup, G. Noble, Staincliffe, Dewsbnry.
DoRKiN^GS."
1,J. H. Stott, Preston.
2, T. Briden. Earby. Chickens." 1 and
he, W. F. EntShibden. Halifax.
R, W. F. Fntwiole. Westfteld, Cleckheaton.
he, J. Wfitta. Kin"shoath, Birmingham.
2, R. Ravcnsliaw, Preston,
wislo; R. Buttcrficld, Windhill Cragg, Shipley. Avy other Variety."1, C.
Bri Ige. hc,3.
Cochin-chinas."
2, H. Lncy, Hebden
1, T. Stretoh, OrmskirU.
Sedgwick, jnn., Skipton. 2, H. Beldon.
8, S. " R. Aehton, Motiram.
Watts.
?w."
C/jicfcf
1, C. Sidg^vick,
Sklt.ivg
Ryddlesden, Keighlev. 2, T. Stretch, he, J.
Class."
(Polands).
1, C. Carr, Wil8den(Cochin-China). 2. J. Bowker

variety,

Bradford;

pair

first-prize
being
good

deep

Dragoon

produced

"

"

prize
grand,

second-prize

good

ligbt

second-prize

strongly

"

prizes

single

pairs.

"

3. H. Beldon.
G. Greaves. Pool, Otlev (Dorkings) ; W. E. F.
he. .T. Smith;
" DawBon,
Pickard; J. .T.Booth
Thackley, Idle ; W. JohnBOU, Idle;
; Baxter
A. Tidswell,Ovenden.
A. West, Worsthom,
Burnley.
2, W. Wilson, FamT)vc.Ka."Aylcshunj."'i.
hill,Kildwick. Rotten "1, S. H. Stott, Preaton.
2, R. W. Richardson,
he,J. J.
Booth; J, Newton, Silsden,
PIGEONS.
Pouters."
Harcwood.
Cocfc."l and 2, E. Homer,
3, R. Harrison, Darlington.
Hen."
I and 2, E. Horner.
3, G. J. Taylor,Huddcrsfleld.
Carriers." Cocfc."l and 3, E. Homer.
2, T. Waddington, Feniscowles,
Blackburn.
Hen.-l
and 2, E. Homer.
T.
Waddington.
3.
Tumblers
".ilmnnd."l. T. Waddington.
3, F. Moore, Bnm2, E. Homer.
lev. Any other Variety." 1, G. J. Taylor. 2, W. Cannan,
Bradford.
3, F.
Moore.
Bakbs." Cnp, J, Hawlcy, Girlington,Bradford.
2 and 3, E, Homer.

Willis.

Bhahma.
Pootba."
1 and 2, H. Lacy,
Chester,
/ic,W.
Gamon,
c, J. Watts.
Chickens."!, G. Biddle, Moreton.
2, F. A. Dean, Moreton-onLugff. he, W. W.
Duncan, Moreton
(2): J. Watts.
Spanish."
1, H. Wilkinson, Eavhy.
2, Withheld.
Chiekens."l, J. Walkon,.
he, A. MoUona.
Standeford, Wolverhampton.
2, H. Wilkinson,
Game."
1, T. P. Lyon, Knotty Ash, Liverpool. 2, G. T. Ward, Wrenbury,.
Nantwich.
he, G. C. Barnett, Birkenhead.
Chickens." I and 2, J. Carlielo.
he, G. C. Barnett.
Bantams
"1, G. Maples, jun., Wavertree.
Liverpool (Game). 2, J. Smithy
Oxton.
Chiekens."\ and 2. G. Maples, jun. (Gamo).
HAMBunoHS.Brighton.
Chickens,
1. T. Bolton, Hnuford.
2. J. Statter, New
2 and he, J. Statter (Golden-spangled
and Silver-pencilled).
1,T. Bolton.
Variety."
Any
other
(Pohsbl. 2, W. Dale, Noston
1, W. Gamon
(Cri-veCoeurs). Chickens." I, J. J. Maiden, Biggleswade(Creve-Cojurs).2,C. Morriss,
"

JOURNAL

September 7, 1871. ]

OF

AND

HORTICULTUEE

(French), he, J. K. Fowler, Aylesbury (French); Rev.

C. C. Ewbank,
Longford Vicarase, Biffgleswade (Creve-Cceura).
Ducks." Jiouc?t."l, R. Gladstone,jun., Court Hey, Broad
Green, Liverpool,
2. T. Wakefield, Golborne, Newton
le-Willows.
he. H. B. Smith, Brouffhton,
Preston; S. H. Stott ; E. Gladstone, jun. Any other Varieiu-"1, J. K. Fowler.
2. E. Leech, Rochdale,
he, H B. Smith (2); S. H. Stott ; J. K. Fowler.
Geese."
1. J. K. Powler.
2, J. H. Stott. /(c,E. Leech; G. F. Statter, Carlisle ;
Kev. G. Hustler, Stillinfifleet,
Yorkshire.
TuKKEYS."
E.
Leech.
2, Rev.
N. J. Rirlley, Newbury
I,
(Cambridge).
ExTKi
Prize," Foe best Pen of Fowls
of any
Breed, the Property of a
Wirral Farmer
or
Labourer."
1, W. Dale (Brahmas).

Holmleigh, Grasscndale

PIGEONS.
2, J. Stanley,Salford,Blackburn,

Carriees."
1,L. Byron, Blackburn.
Tfardley,Birminffham.
Pouters.1, H. Yaidley. 2, E.
Qienhead.
Balds

he,H.

he, J. Hodgson, Bir-

C. Stretch, Ormskirk.

Bfiaeds."
1 and
Any other
King's Lynn.
2, W. J. Woodhouse,
Variety of T amble r"i."l,H. Yardley. 2 and he, W. J. Woodhouse.
Lee, Bromborough.
Fantailh." 1, H. YartUey. 2, D. Maclver, Moor
Barbs."
1,J. Stanley. 2, H. Yardley- he, J. W. Phillips,Anfleld, Liverpool.
TuREiTS."
1, E. C. Stretch.
2, W. Gamon.
Owis."
he, Mrs. W. Sneyd, Keele Hall, New1, H. Yardley. 2, J. Stanley,
and

"castle-on-Tyne (2).
Dragoons."
";iic."l, H. Yardley. 2,L. Byi-on. he, J. Watts ; W. H. Mitchell,
H. P. Ryland,
Any other
Erdington, Birmingham.
Moseley, Birmingham;
""alour."l
Birkenhead,
and Cup, L. Bvron, Blackburn.
2, F. Graham,
he, F.
Graham
(4); W. H. Mitchell ; J. Stevenson, jun., Chester ; H. P. Rylands.
Nuns."
he, P. Graham.
2, G. A. Dean,
1, F. Graham.
Any
other
Varietv.he, J. Watts
2, H. Yardley.
; J. W.
Z, W. Gamon.
Phillips(YellowMagpies) ; J. Stanley.

and
Mr. Hindson, of Liverpool,
"Judges.

COTTINGHAM

Dixon, of Bradford,

awards
were
following
Hull :
near
Cottingham,

at this

made

Show, held

on

August30th,

"

Spanish."
1, G. Holmes.
Dorkings.

2, G. Holmes, Driffield.

1, T. C. ". E. Newbitt, Epwoi-th.

1 and

"

piece of Plate, D. White,

Driffield.

2, R. W.

Cock."

Holmes.
1 and
Cochins"
piece of Plate, R. Dawson,
Beverley. 2, R. Fleming, Hull.
A. Young.
Driffield.
O"MB."Blaelc-brcasied
Cock,"
otlier Beds."l
and 2, H. M. Julian, Hull.
or
Cock."
H.
other
M, Julian.
1,
Variety.-!, Extra, and 2, H. M. Julian.
Any
H. M. Julian.
PoLANDS."
1 and 2. Mrs. J. M. Procter, Hull.
J. M. Procter.
Cock."l, Mrs
Hamburghs.
Driffield.
2, G. Holmes.
Golden-spangled. 1, R. P. Moon.
"Coc/c" 1, G. Holmes.
G. Holmes.
2.
Eiplin. Cock
Golden-;vencillcd."l,
SilverG. Holmes.
1, G. Holmes.
Cock.~l, G. Holmes.
Silver'Spanglea'"l,
2, W. G. Purdon, Driffield. Coek."l, G. Holmes.
peneilled."l,G. Holmes.
Farmyard
Cross."
1. W. H. Young, Driffield.
2, G. Bromby,
Cottingham.
Chickens." 1 and 2, G. Bromby.
Any
other
Variety.1, R. Loft,Beverley (Sultans). 2, D. Dunlin, CottingTiam.
Cocfc." 1, R. Loft.
Bantams."
(3o/d "1, Mrs. J. M. Procter.
Cock."l, Mrs. J.
2, O. A. Young.
Cock."
M. Procter.
2, J. Stabler, Driffield.
Game."l. W. Adams, Ipswich.
2, G. L, Davis, Hu'l.
1, W. Adams.
Any other Variety." 1, Mrs. J. M. Procter.
"Cocfc." 1 and Plate. Mrs.
J. M. Procter.
Geese."
1, O. A Young.
Hull.
I"vcEs."
Ay lesbiiry. l, M. Duggleby, Cottingham.
2, H. Lawson,
Any other Variety."l and 2, R. W. Richardson.

Coek."l, O.

"

"

"

"

PIGEONS.
Richardson,
2, R. W.
he, T. Statters.
1, H. Adams, Beverley.
1 and
2, W. Campey, Beverley.
he, H. Lawson.
1, Cup. and 2, 0. N. Lvthe, Cottingham.
2, C. N. Lythe.
'JTeumpeteks."I,D. McCollin, HuU.
Hull.
Jacobins."
2, F. C. " E. Thompson,
1, R. G. Sanders, Leven.
Fantails."
2, H, Taylor, Newlaud.
1, H. Adams.
1 and
Dragoons.
2, H. Adams.
1 and
Tumblers.2, H. Adams.
Barbs."
2, T. Statters.
1, R. W. Richardson.
Nuns."
2, J. Ersine, Hull.
1, R. W. Richardson.
Any
othkr
Variety."
1, Mrs. J. M. Procter
(White Owls). 2, R. W. Richardon
(Black Owls).
Rabbits."
1, P. Ashton, Hull.
2, Miss Fletcher, Hull.
Lop-eared.-Buck.
Doe."l
and 2, Miss Fletcher.
Any other Variety (Paii')."
1, E, Walker, Hessle.
"2,P. Ashton.
Pouters."

Carriers."
TtJRBiTS.

391

Keene.

Bantams."
Halifax.
1, J. Walker,
2, J. W. Morria.
8, H. Beldon.
he, H.
Beldon
R. C. Frew
; S. " E. Ashton
; J. Sichel ; Miss
DccKS."
BouCTl." 1 and
2, T. Wakefield, Golborne.
3, R. Robinson, Leeds.
T. Burns, Wigan; T, Wakefield; J. Scotaon.
he, J. K. Fowler; A. Haalam;
2 and
An j/ other
Aylesbury."la^nHhc, J. K. Fowler.
3, E. Leech.
Variety."
1 and
he, H. B. Smith.
2, R. Gladatone, jun. 3. T. Wakefield,
Binns.
c, W.
Geese.Grey "1 and he, S. H. Stott. 2. G. F. Statter, Carlisle.
8, E. Leech,
]Vhite."l and 2, E. Leech.
c, R. Beckett, Northwich
; J. Wood.
3, Sir H. P. de
Bathe, Bart., Chichester,
he, G. Hustler. Stillincfleet.
1 and 8, E. Leech.
ToEKEVa.2, T. Rigby, Winaford.
he, F. Lythall; T.

Rigby.
The

Jadgeswere Mr. E. Hewitt, of Sparkbrook,Birmingham, and

Teebay,of Falwood, IPreston.

Mr. Eichard

TIMELY

FEEDING

BEES.

A TIMELY
word of warning will not come
amiss
jast now to
all who
desire to save
their bees during the coming winter.
I do not think we
have had so hard a season
for honey as the
since the fatal year 1S60.
present summer
My own
hives,
with one
or
two exceptions,were
all but pauperised when
did they mend
much
till the hot and thundery
came, nor
weather of the second
and third weeks, and then only as
bees can
in August, when
the earth seems
nearly exhausted
aud the flowers,
in the lands of heather,produce but little
save

August

Richardson,

Beverley. Cock."l, G.

"

GAEDENEK.

Manchester,
ing, Newchurch,
he, J. Preston, Allerton, Bradford ; Ashton and
Booth, Broadboltora, Mottram
J. Hodgson,
:
G. Duckworth,
Howe;
c, D.
Lord, Stacksteada ; J.Duckworth.
i3iMci-"l
and 2, C. Sidgwick. 3,H, Beldon.
W.
A.
C.
Taylor, c,
he,
Sidgwick ; W. A. Taylor.
Polish
"1, P. Unsworth.
2,3, and ho, H. Beldon.
c, T. Dean.
FRBNcn
FoivL."
1,J. J. Walden.
Biggleswade.
2, J. K. Fowler, Aylesbury.
3, R. B. Wood, Uttoxoter.
he,W. Dring, Faversham
; E. Williams,
e, J. Sichel,
Timpcrley; C. Morria, Grassendale.
Any
other
Variety."
1. J. S. Booth
(Malays). 2, E. Williams.
Game
BANTAM3."B(acfc-6R'n"(erf l?t'(is" IT. Sharpies, Rawtenstall.
2, W. F.
Entwisle.
he, W. F. Entwisle
3, 6. Maples, jun., Wavertree.
C. J. P.
; Rev.
Morria.
Keene, HalsaU.
c, J. W.
Any other I'ariXi/."l and 2, W. F. Entwisle.
3, Furniss " Sudall,Haslingden. he,T. Dyson ; J. W. Morris,
Rev.
0. J. P.
e,

the

were

SHOW.

POULTRY

The

at

Mr.

COTTAGE

"

Nine out of ten of my

hives are
so
poor, owing to
their excessive swarming (quite
into the middle of July),
that
I have
of them : and I advise
already begun to feed some

honey.

apiariansgenerallyto

be on the alert ere it be too late. Great

should
be taken, too, to avoid dropping any sweet syrnp
which
would
about,
danger
immediately attract robber bees and ena
general and indiscriminate
pillageof each other's
hives.
Use the bottle-feeder,
and cover
well over, taking care
that the syrup be neither so liquidas to run
too fast,nor
so
thick as to refuse to run
towards
at all. Feed
evening when
the apiaryis at rest
a great deal of food will be carried
safely
care

"

down
during warm
nights.
The main
feeding time should be in October ; but see to it
that the bees will survive tillthen.
It is well to feed the hives
continuouslyfrom first to last I mean
by this that the feeders
should
be filled as fast as they are emptied, so as to prolong
the excitement
as little as possible. B. " W.
"

"

"

"

Judges.

"

Mr. F.

Ferguson,and

MANCHESTER

AND

Mr.

J.

Hodgkinson.

LIVERPOOL

POULTRY

SHOW.
This

Show

was

report tillnext

held

oa

the 6th aud 7th inst.

We

must

defer

onr

week.
ALL

BIRDS

HiTCHED

IN

1871.

Do'RKiKG3."
Colourcd-~l, E. Leecb, Rochdale.
Davies, Chester.
2, Miss
" Jefferson. Whitehaven,
3, Gunson
kc, T. E. Kell. Wethtrby.
c. T. E. Kell;
A. Darby, Bridgenorth.
.~l and
2, Withheld.
Silver-Grey
3, T. Statter, jun.,
Whitfield, Manchester.
Spanish."!,
F. James,
Peckham
Rye. 2 and 3, E. Jones, Clifton, he, J.
Walker, Standiford.
c, H. Beldon, Bingley.
Cochin-china"
or
Cinnamon"
BuJ
1, W. A. Taylor, Manchester.
"",E.
Leech.
8, C. Sidewick, Keighlev.
he, W. A.Taylor; C, Sidgwick. c, W. P.
Bylands, Eddington; A. Darby, Bridgenorth.
Brown
and Partridge-feathered.
and
C.
"1
Sidgwick. 8, H. Lingwood, Needham
M arket.
2,
he, W. A. Taylor :
E. Leech;
C. Sidgwick.
Pootras."
Darfc." 1, W.
Bfahma
A. Taylor.
2, H. Lingwood. 3, W. Gamon,
^Chester,
he. G, Maples, itin.,Wavertree;
R. B. Wood,
Ultoxeter.
c, T. F.
Li(iht."l and 2, J. Pares, Guildford.
Anadell, St. Helens.
3, R. E. Wood.
Reds."
GA^E."Blaek-breasted
I, C. Chaloner, Whitwell.
2, W.
Harkes,
Collingley. 8. H. M. Julian, Hull,
Broirn
and
he, C. Chaloner.
other Beds
except Black-breasted."
1, E. Aykroyd, Eccleshill.
2, J. Wood,
Wigan.
3, T,
Dyson, Halifax,
he, J. Carlisle.Earby, Skipton (2). c, C, Chaloner; M. A.
S'orde,Liverpool. Any Variety except Black-breasted and other Bed^.
1, c.
Chaloner.
T.
P.
Ash.
J.
Lyon, Knotty
2,
3,
Halsall,Eccleston, Prescot.
c,
1. P. Lyon.
Hambhrghs.
Golden-pencilled." 1. H. Pickles, jun., Earby, Skipton.
2, N.
^Barter, Plymouth.
3, J. Webster, Whitby,
he, J. Statter, Ne\v Brighton, c, H.
Beldon, Goitstock, Bingley ; J. Wrigley, Tonge, Middleton.
Silver-pencilled.
he. H. Beldon; J.
1, H, Pickles, jun. 2, N. Barter.
3, W. M. Mann, Kendal,
Piatt, Dean, Bolton ; H
Pickles, jun.
Golden-spangled.
1, T. Walker, jun.
Denton.
2, J. Statter.
lie,J. Marsland, Hollinwood, Manchester
: J. Chadder
ton, Hollinwood; J. W.
Gardon, Newcastle,
A
c, T. Dean, Keighley ; W.
I and
Hyde, Ashton-under-Lyne. Silver-spangled."
2, H. Beldon,
8, J. Field
"

"

"

"

FEEDING

BEES.

I HAVE
of dates offered me
a quantity
for my bees to extract
the saccharine matter from them, as they are old and candied ;
do you think it safe to offer them as food ?
I fear my hives are
have stillabout
scantilysuppliedwith honey,and two swarms
of their hives to fillwith comb.
a third
The
stocks have no
visible
through the windows, but one out of two works
honey
well. I have no
of weighing the hives,so kindlygive
means
advice as to when
me
feeding should begin,if needful,and if
the trough may remain on all night ; also what is the best food
to give,and will they form comb
out of it ?
I enclose also some
I
lines from an old manuscript, which

thought might prove interesting,

giving an
bee knowledge in England. 0. A. J.

early account

of

"

"

And ryght as *dranes doth nought but drynketh up the huny

Whan
+been withe her bnsynesae have brought it to thepe.
Right so fareth IIfreres with folke opon erthe.
They gfreten up the **furBtefroytand ++falaliche lybbeth."
"Piers
Ploughman's Crede, 11.726-729. A D. 1394.

articleof
as an
have not filled their hives with
mind
from
15
lbs. to
to
comb, yon
give
up your
20 lbs.,or perhaps even
to each of sugar syrup, as a considerable
more,
portion of it will be used in extending the combs ;
the stocks also appear to requireliberal feeding.
You
bees any time during this month
with
may feed your
advantage. Use the bottle feeder so often recommended
by us,
and give from 2 to 4 lbs. of food at a time to each stock.
The
Cover them
well
proper time to put on the feeders is at dusk.
that
the
bees
from
other
stocks
cannot
the
over, so
get at even
outside of the bottle.
The
all
followingmorning remove

[We

have

bee food.

up.

Drones,
*"

had

no

experiencerespectingdates

As your two
make
must

swarms

t Bee
(in female sense). J Skep (originof ?). |iFriars.
First fruit, tt Falsely liveth.

Gather

JOUBNAIi

192

OF

HOBTIOULTUEE

AND

GARDENER.

COTTAGE

[ September 7,1871.

Show.
Sctton
Poultry
Mr. Tegetmeier reqnestg ns to conLong
tradict
in our
list of Poultry Shows, that he is to ba one
the statement
of
The statement
the Judges at Long Sutton.
in qnetjtionwfis founded on
mates an advertisement
contract the entrances of your hives to enable the inby the Long Sutton Committee, which appearei in oar
Get all the feeding columns
on
to repel robbers.
August 17th, and in those of The Field two days afterwards.
more
effectually
in type we
have received a corrected list of the
Since the above was
turbance
accomplished as rapidly,as completely,and with as littledisinsert.
Judges, which we now

feeders,whether
emptied or not, and continue the feeding
sary,
nightlyuntil the required quantityhas been given. If neces-

"

directions are intended for autumn

as possible. These
BEAHMis
WITH
feedingonly. Spring feedingmust be carried on in a different yard in which the

DISEASED
LIVERS
(D. J.)."Tou should describe the
fowls are
kept. Is it paved ? If it is not, what is the
of the bottom ? Do they get any sun ? As much
in the dark as
confine ourselves to generalities. Fowls
must
we
are, we
kept in paved
yards are subject to diarrhoea,and when they die from it the livers are
generally in the condition you describe. We do not like your
dietary.
Give gro and oats or barleymeal slaked,in the morning and evening. Indian
alternate
days for the midday meal. Continue the lettuces
corn
or barley on
If any are seized,give them
at once
two pillsof camphor
by all means.
and
the size of a garden pea,
continue
this if necessary.
When
the
to suffer from
livers are affected the birds seem
inordinate thirst. It is
to remove
the water, and to allow them
well in that case
to drink
only
three times per diem.

manner.

nature

If you do not care to give the largequantityof artificialfood

that all your weaker stocks or swarms
may require,you may,
if you please,unite two of them, making one good stock, which,
with liberal feeding, may prove more
profitablethan keeping
We do not advise this,however, as we do not
two weak hives.
The best food
know the strength of your respectivecolonies.
is in the proportion of 6 lbs. of loaf sugar to 4 lbs. of water,
the
minutes
fire for two or three
after it has reached
kept on
LiGURiAN
QoEEHS (D. N.). They are advertised in our columns.
boilingpoint,and, of course, allowed to cool before being given
Dormice
of the bird shops
(S.Hf. W,), They can be obtained at some
Wax
be secreted and combs
built entirely
to the bees.
can
but we
do not know
who
of anyone
Bells them
in Seven Dials,London,
from this syrup, but, as in the case
of honey, it takes an enormous
in Liverpool,but such there are, no doubt.
quantityof food to enable the bees to construct a very
small quantityof comb, and this must
always be taken into
when providing hives with sufficient stores for winter
account
METEOROLOGICAL
OBSERVATIONS.
Ens.
Camden
consumption.
]
Square, London.
"

"

"

Lat. 51" 32' 40"

MR.

WOODBURY"

N. ;

Long.

0" 8' 0"

W. ; Altitude 111 feet.

BROOD.

FOUL

the subjectof this communication, allow

the death of Mr. Woodbury on the eve
of expected
He
recovery has occasioned the most profound sorrow.
the prince of English apiarians; and those who, like
was
of correspondingwith him, will long
myself,had the privilege
his loss while they affectionately
cherish his memory.
mourn
His early removal
has not only overwhelmed
his family and
but it has made
in the apiarian
a blank
friends with deep grief,
which
circle
few, if any, are qualifiedto fillup ; the deceased
the
Journal"
has well said,
of
Editors
of
"our
being,as one
"
our
righthand, righthead, and rightheart in bee knowledge."
To the disease called foul-brood he was
the first to direct
the attention of bee-keepersin this country. He gave them
REMARKS.
all the information
thai could be obtained regardingit,and he
in the morniDg, getting more
and more
minutely described the process by which he so successfullySOth. Hazy and very warm
cloudy nil the afternoon and evening.
which he adopted
banished it from his apiary,and the method
A most
81st
lovely day, a little cloudy about 5 p.m.
eight years ago is the only one that has, in my experience, September 1st. Occasionally cloudy and Btorm-like,oppressively warm,
there
LBotion in the air.
heinct no
effectuallyeradicated the complaint. All other nostrums,
at 12 40 and
2.10 p.m.,
Very slight shower at 9.10 a.m. ; thunder
whether
English, German, or American, have signallyfailed. 2nd." cooler
afterwards.
In the Journal of December
29th, 1870, Dr. Abbe stated that Srd. Fine morning; rather cloudy in early afternoon,with very slight
he had managed to bring the disease under control by the apbetween
3 and 4 p.m. ; and rain at 10.50 p.m.
plication showers
after noon, and continued
soon
account
of hyposulphite of soda.
The
he gave of 4th. Fine in miming, rain commenced
tillthe evening.
his doings made
I resolved to take an
a strongimpression,and
5th. A very fine day throughout, bright sun, but a pheasant breeze.
earlyopportunityof testingthe value of his discovery.
Notwithstanding the rain of Monday and pleasant breezes,the temperature
has been 4" above that of last week, and nearly 8^ above the average.
in April. Having a wellMy experiments were commenced
Befoee

me

enteringon

to say that

"

"

"

"

"

"

Symons.
G.
stored Woodbury hive,I replacedtwo of the removed
combs
by
From
these all foul cells were
two tainted ones.
excised,and
COVENT
6.
GARDEN
September
MARKET."
all the others thoroughly washed
out with Dr. Abbe's solution.
Trade
for the best descriptions of frnit
quiet; there is a fair demand
Not only so, all the other combs, with the box that contained
and vegetables, but common
low prices. Largo
goods only command
jected foreignsupplies are coming in
them, were completelywashed over with the solution,and subjust now.
to its influence for a period of twelve hours.
I then put
of my best swarms
into the box and awaited the result,
one
concludingthat the fell disease would not be resuscitated and
if
the
thus applied possessed the virtue
remedy
reappear
bound
pectations
ascribed to it. I am
to confess that none
of my exrealised. The
solution had not the slightest
were
the combs.
influence in disinfecting
The disease did not even
receive a check ; it broke out fresh as ever, and before the end
of July had spread through the whole hive,and in a form as
It was
quite obvious
malignant as any I had ever witnessed.
that further attempts to effect a cure
in the way recommended
would be useless,
time over
it,I at once
so, not to waste more
drove the bees into an
empty hive, and buried every comb.
The box having been purifiedwith chloride of lime, was, after
a few days, tenanted
by its former occupants,and now, whilst
I write,not a vestigeof disease can
be observed in the wellbrooded
combs.
To the late Mr. Woodbury, whose loss
new
we
lament, we are indebted for making known, or perhaps I
should say discovering,
a method
whereby wooden hives can be
purged of their evil virus in a few days, and it is doubtful
whether any better plan than the one
he adopted will ever be
found out for eliminatingthe plague of foul brood. R. S.
"

"

OUR

LETTER

BOX.

Kyhope
PotJLTRT
SHOW.
The second prize for Brabmas
to Mr. A. H. Banbury,Langton,NorttaallertoD.
"

was

awarded

J.

104

JOUBNAL

HOETICtJLXUEE

garden, it is jaat the flower for the cottageror the

a
small garden,as it yieldsits flowers in rich and
profusionwithout the aid of glasshouses,frames,or
coddlingof any sort.
There
two sections of the Phlox, divided into earlyand
are
section (auffruticosa)
oonlate-flowering.The early-flowering
tains some
but they are wanting in
very beautiful varieties,
the rich orange-red,crimson, and purple shades of the late
varieties. I fiud they do not thrive in the neighbourhood
of
in

any

of
luxuriant
owner

"

OF

COTTAGE

AND

GAEDENEB.

[ September 14, 1871.

Mitchell,James
Neilson, John Watson, Miss Ainslie,Mrs.
Murray, Mrs. Thorn, Mrs. Austin,Mrs. Hunter, Pladda,Robert
Hannay, The Queen, William Linton,Waverley,William Blair,
The

Deacon, and W.

W.

Piatt.

A. F. Barron,Amabilis,Aurantiaca
superba,
Late-floiocrintj.
de Ghambord, Liervallii,
Madame
Boieile, Gomtesse
Madame
La Comtesse
de FerGuillotteaux,Madame
Barillet,
de
Billy,Madame
Domage, Mdlle. Hermine
nandona, Madame
Turenne, Mdlle. Marguerite de Turenne, Miss Macrae, Mons.
Mdlle.
Muret
de
Mons.
the
late
W.
Mons.
London
well
It
Helm,
sorts.
as
seems
to me
that tbey Joseph
Bort,
so
Bull,
Delamare, Mons. Marin Saison,
regnirea cool and moist atmosphere, as in Scotland the early Malet, Mons. Veitch,Madame
and most of the new
Mons.
varieties are preferred,
varieties are raised
Guillotteaux, Mrs.
Laing, Princess Louise, Queen
there.
In the south of England it is best to grow the Decnssata, Victoria,Souvenir des Femes, Triomphe du Pare de Neuilly,
J. Douglas.
or late-flowering
section,although it is as well to have a few of and Venus.
others
in order to prolongthe season
the
of flowering. They
and
both
well
the
same
sections
will
require
treatment,
repay
GRAFTED
VINES
IN AN
IRONSTOVE-HEATED
of care requiredto keep them in good order.
the amonnt
The
HOUSE.
culture is very simple, but their wants must be attended to at
the proper time, otherwise success
will not be attained.
Where
the aid of hot-water pipesor flues is dispensedwith,
I shall begin with established plants,such as may be obtained
few seasons
have been so unfavourable
for the production of
from the nurseries.
has been
A plant in a small pot which
fine Vines and Grapes as the present; yet I am
happy to state
Btrnok in the spring,and sent out in the autumn, will throw
that my Vines and Grapes are
finer than ever.
During the
of shoots.
When
these
cold sunless days the iron stove has done duty in place of sun
up from the base of the stem a number
have grown 3 or 4:inches in length all except three should be
heat. I must here remark to brother amateurs who may use a
taken off to make
should
cuttings. Some lightsandy monld
stove inside,that the draught should be perfectly
good in rough
be prepared,and one
inserted
the
3-inch
in
centre
of
a
and windy weather, otherwise,should any smoke
or
cutting
sulphur
if the pots can be plunged escape into the house it will damage the foliage,
or
especially
pot ; they strike root freely,
possibly
in a gentle bottom
the cuttings destroyit in a short space of time.
heat in a dung frame.
When
It must be remembered
I have no costlyborder
are
rooted,the plants should be removed to a cold frame, and
simply the
graduallyinured to the cold ; for although the plant is quite garden soil trenched about 2 feet deep, the top and bottom
it
dislikes
sudden
of
of
Some
mixed
small
of
hardy,
changes
temperature.
being well
together,adding a
quantity bone dust
the plants should be reserved for pot-culture,
and others for and broken bones saved from time to time from kitchen scraps.
Where
the Vines are now
of
planting-out.
growing there existed a plantation
The plants intended
the
for pot culture should, as soon
as
and nineteen
Gooseberry trees for between seventeen
years.
ing
I send for your inspectionsome
of the leaves,and I ask if they
pots are well filled with roots, be repottedin 6-inch pots,shiftthem afterwards into 8-inch pots, in which
in substance
and size. I may add
they should be are not highlysatisfactory
allowed to flower.
This size I find to be the best for flowering that the eyes for next year'sfruitingprojectfrom the canes
and noble spikesof flowers
like nuts.
A shoot of the black Lady Downe's
is also sent.
spring-struck
cuttings,
strong,early,
obtained
in this way, when
the plants receive careful
Of this I have several shoots showing fruit at two separate
are
attention.
If the plants intended
and flowered
to be grown
the produce of green canes
of this year's growth,the
joints,
in pots are from cuttingsstruck in the previousseason, three
result of stopping.
be allowed from each plant,and they should be
shoots may
the
wrote
I
Ascot
did not with me
Last'year
Boyal
perform
flowered in 10-inch pots. The best compost to use
is three as stated in giving fruit from the green wood
of the current
parts sandy loam, one part leaf mould, and one
part rotted year'sgrowth; this,I now
find,was owing to the Vines I had
manure.
During the growing periodthe pots should be plunged sent me being overstrained in forcingthem to obtain a stock in
in cocoa-nut
fibre refuse,in the full blaze of the sun, but
the least possibletime, and consequentlythe vigour and constitution
sheltered from cuttingwinds, and be abundantlysupplied
with
of such plantswas
for a time destroyed. I have it
Occasional waterings this season
water both at the roots and overhead.
fruitingnicelyin No. i pots upon canes grown last
vrithweak manure
water will be beneficial. At an earlystage year out of doors.
Some of the canes
cut down to the soil of
of their growthsticks should be put in ; these should stand
the pot this springare doing well,and I hope to ripen the fruit
2 feet out of the ground and be rather stout,as a well-grown upon them in January next.
to adopt this
I advise amateurs
Vine for pots. By forcingsome
spike offers considerable resistance to the wind.
earlyin the spring, keeping
For culture in the open ground, the Fhlcx should be planted some
back, and a third lot to fruit from the green wood, a good
in beds if the finest possiblespikesbe desired.
A few plants succession
of Grapes may
be had from one
glass structure
in a mixed
border are
contrast well
a pleasingfeature,and
without much cost or trouble.
with Delphiniums and other herbaceous
but
it
is
not
I subject
In growing the Vines to fruit from the green canes
plants,
them to the highestpossibleculture,
using a soil very far richer
easy to pay proper attention to them in such a position. Four
should be planted in each bed, with an alley between
rows
gine
than that employed to produce my pot Vines in general. Imawide enough to allow a man
to pass along with a watering-pot
the green canes
of the Boyal Ascot for this treatment to be
softwooded
without damaging the spikes. If one spike only is allowed to gross-feeding
plants,I treat them to old decayed
each plant, 16 inches apart in the beds will be sufficient ; if night soil and lightloam having a portionof lime in it. Poultry
three spikes,24 inches should be allowed.
Early in March is dung and bone dust I also find useful. Every third or fourth
the best time to plant them, and the ground should be deeply watering may
be with manure
from night soil,
water made
The plants will also require poultry,or sheep dung ; old hotbed manure
trenched and highly manured.
may also be used,
of water during the growing season, and the
and as a change guano water,for all plantsthrive better with a
copious supplies
with short manure
beds should also be mulched
to prevent change of food.
"

Aurore

"

"

evaporation.

I also send a leaf of one of the American

Vines.
Is it not
Phlox is not so well adapted for exhibition as the Hollyhandsome
in foliage
This Vine giveseatable or wine-making
?
hock
and Gladiolus,
as
the flowers are apt to fade before night, Grapes which will ripen out of doors in the early frosts of
The Grapes make
winter.
The
Vine is a
although when due precautions are taken I have seen them
a good preserve.
stand pretty well. The best way to stage the cut spikes for rapid grower.
When
planted against a wall,fence,arbour,
exhibition is to filla small pot with sand,in the centre insert a
it
is
handsome.
It
is
trelliswork,
"c.,
a singularfact that
very
small tube full of water, in this tube place the cut end of the
if well watered it thrives as well in sand as in common
garden
The

A pot is soil. I have two sorts of this Vine, the other having a plainer
spike, and surface over
neatlywith green moss.
other
leaf and more
with some
robust ; in fact the two together,
requiredfor each spike.
Grown
and flowered in pots Phloxes are a grand feature at the American
Vines, are not yet in full vigour,as I only received
autumn
lected
exhibitions. A serious drawback to exhibitingthem in the small cuttingslast May, and then after they had been colthis way is the expense attendant on moving them to long distances,
from various places,and had travelled in a tin case over
it would be as well to show
so that to give all a chance
four thousand
miles to Sheffield.
them
in both ways.
I will add a list of the best varieties in
In this cold sunless time (atall events in this locality),
the
each section.
of fireheat usuallyhelpsto produce red spider. I have been
use
Dadhesa of Sutherland,Elvina, James
is
itsvisits.The
to
Early-flowering."
fortunate
following my practice.
BO
as
escape

JOURNAL

September 14, 1871. ]

OF

HOETICULTUBE

COTTAGE

AND

195

GABDENEE.

Theatre that he gave orders for a

soon
performance at Drnry Lane
as the Vines have
broken, and until the leaves turn
ton
yellow,in a span house 40 feet by 20, and 12 feet to the ridge, hundred dozen bunches of Grapes to be cut off from the HampCourt Vine, if so many
could be found upon it,and sent
the centre an earthen glazed vessel holding about
I placenear
The
four or five gallons; in this I put about one gallonof nightsoil, to the actors.
gardener executed his commission, and
that he could still cut off as many
and fillup three-quarters
of the way with stale urine,the staler informed his royalmaster
The
do.
without
the tree. {FoodJournal.)
will
more
the better slopsas brought from the bedrooms
stripping

As

"

"

is stirred up for a few minutes

every afternoon when the
but adds
is closed.
This not only prevents the spider,
greatlyto the well-doingof the Vines ; indeed it would be
useful to plantsin general. In the daytime upon
enteringthe
house nothing eould be detected." E. M. W,, Fir View, Walkley,
whole
house

TEA

ROSES.

I CAN confirm all the good things said by " Stiff-soil " of
Tea Koses.
The following have been almost continuously
with bloom, and perfectly
Sheffield.
covered
healthy out of doors with
ing
shoots of Vines showP.S.
I send for your inspectionsome
me, from the middle of June to the present time : Monsieur
of fruit. I must tell you the Vines they Furtado, Madame
miniature bunches
d'un Ami, Safrano,
Souvenir
Margottin,
have been taken from have been stopped three and four times
Madame
WUlermoz, Alba rosea, Adrienne Ghristophle,Monthey have produced shoots
during the season
Vicomtesse
de Cazes, and Canary. The firstis the most
; at each break
plaisir,
like that which I send. The Vines are loaded with fine Grapes. vigorousgrower, but not the most satisfactory
bloomer ; it has
of
feet
inches
in
and
20
Canes from 2} and 2J
factory
satisupwards
girth,
Nothing can be more
proved a bad opener with me.
the
rods
will
be
next
this
season's
habit
of
Safrano
and
bearing
Viecmtesse de
produce,
long,
year.
than the graceful
The leaves,I think, speak for themselves.
shoots
12
to
from
have
sent
[They were large Cazes.
They
up rich-looking
and most healthy."Eds.]
with from
18 inches high, and these formed heads of bloom
and West's
I think it possiblethat black Lady Downe's
St. eight to twelve sound Eoses delicately
drooping in a circle
Peter's might have produceda second crop of bunches
i.e., around
these stems.
Supported against a trellis in a south
smaller
and
another
lot
of
lot of Grapes on last year'scane,
and circulation of air,which, as
one
border theyget the warmth
bunches
the green wood
of this year, if the breaks of the
on
need.
Mr. Paul pointsout, they certainly
first stoppinghad been cherished,but I do not like to overtask
would give a list of twelve other
I should be glad if some
one
horse.
a willing
Tea Boses, which from experiencehave been found suitable for
rose-coloured and kindred
out-door culture,
to contain as many
tints as possible,
as my
presentlittlestock furnishes sufficient
"

"

"

"

PLUMBAGO

CAPENSIS

CULTURE.

of the yellow and white class. Adrienne

Christophle,however,
with an old favourite plant grown
one
can
hardly have too much of ; it is difficult to define its
that is,in
according to the requirements of the present time
mix with
all subtly
salmon
colour
apricot,
copper rose, peach,
a small,easilyportableform, and yet decorative in the highest
to be left out of a group.
peculiarbeauty,and it ought never
such
that
let
a
is
induced
one
to
plant What
degree, so
ask. Why
a
tantalisingpicture Mr. Paul has drawn of in-door
fall into the background, where it is forsaken and forgottenby
culture ! Coenueu.
most cultivators ? I do not scrupleto say, much
as it is necessary
for gardenersto keep pace with the times,and grow only
AND
PRESENT.
PAST
AGRICULTURE"
those newly-introducedsubjects
which are suddenly and many
and which, perhaps, fall into disuse
times too highlyextolled,
W. Johnson, in the 3Iark Lane Express,gives
Mr. Cutheebt
that it the following comparative view of the state of farming in
as suddenly as
they came in,through being worthless
is a mistake, and a very incredible one
:
too, not to grow the England in the year 1870 and of five centuries previously
above-named
plant,and other old ones, in preferenceto many
In the fourteenth
century (togive only one or two instances)
which
said to,bat do not, possess suifi- the
new
are
in England eould not
introductions,
per acre
average produce of Wheat
cient merit.
I do not despiseall newly-introducedplants,for have been more
In his historyof
than ten or twelve bushels.
the work of collecting
that
it
and raisingsve'a is so progressive
has given the
the Suffolk parishof Hawstead, Sir John Cullum
should be practisedand encouraged ; but those who
possess
farm in the year 1387,from which we learn
reportof its manor
the power of selection generallygrow some
of the most beautiful
from
that the yieldof grain
of our
old plants.
then 69 qrs. 2 bushels.
of Wheat
66 acres
was
When
paying a visit to Chiswiok two or three weeks ago, I
52 qrs. 2 bushels.
26
Barley
"
"
had the pleasureto congratulate
the superintendent,
Mr.Barron,
40 qrs. 4 bushels.
Oats
62
"
"
his success
in floweringthe Plumbago capeusisso abundon
antly
25 qrs. 3 bushels.
Peas
25
,,
,,
in 32-sized pots. I think none
of the plants exceeded
contained
572 acres ; of these 321 were
The farm of Hawstead
18 inches in height; they were
than that in
or
more
as much
30 were meadow, and the remainder wood and pasture.
diameter,and wiih as many trusses of their livelybine blossom ; in tillage,
and a bull, six
consisted of twenty-six cows
they were
perfectpictures,and admired
by all present. I The live stock
four cart horses and
heard a gentleman ask another, What
newly-introducedplant heifers and six calves,ten working oxen,
or
ninety-two muttons, and six score of hoggerills,
there of that colour which
could even
was
approach these in six colts,
sheep. The cows were fed duringthe winter upon
decorative qualities
? I for one
came
away with the intention two-year-old
The
other
their
support.
rack-meat, all the hay was devoted to
of tryingmy hand
at growing plants of this Plumbago in a
stock were
kept alive upon the straw and haulm, or on the
similar way, and I hope others will do the same.
It is easy
the prothis
result
of
wretched
was
The
feeding
duction
pastures.
and
enough to grow the plant,but floweringit is more
difficult,
Boots
of a very poor stock of farmyard manure.
it requires some
time have
judgment to do so and at the same
mark
rethen unknown
winter food ; to oilcake the same
were
as
the plant in a compact form.
sirable
Larger plantsare equallydeapplies. As winter approachedthe farmer of those days
when
to grow
there is room
them, and cannot fail to
killed
he
his
Martinmas
At
excite admiration.
I think about
three years ago at this began to kill off his live stock.
beef.
Tusser,who wrote
season, when
paying a visit to the gardens at Egerton House, oxen to supplyhim with his winter's
the
time of the Hawstead report,
centuries
after
two
than
more
then managed by my
friend,Mr. E. Luckhurst, I saw in the
husbandry ;
greenhouse a largeplant which to the best of my recollection says in his November
hang up a beef,
was
(For Easter) at Martinmas
than 3 feet high, well
nearly4 feet through,and not more
For stall-fed and pease- fed play Piok-purse the thief ;
and abundantly flowered,and I think I never
grown,
saw
a
in,
With that and the like,ere grass-fedcome
beautiful plant. Now, as we are not in the habit of meetmore
ing
Thy folk shall look cheerly when others look thin."
with this plant in such a presentableand useful form as
which I am
ring
referthe
to
that
at
period
It may appear strange
Mr. Barron
and Mr. Luckhurst
had it,perhaps they will be
unknown, at least as a field crop, for,as I
root crops were
kind enough to favour the readers of this Journal "withthe
have on a recent occasion remarked, it is very natural for us to
mode
of treatment they adopt to grow the Plumbago so successfully,
always field crops, but,in fact,
suppose that our root crops were
and not one of them will be more
thankful than
Thomas
long cultivated in our gardens before they were
they were
Eecokd.
not tillabout ad.
1500 that
It
grown by the agriculturist. was
eV3n
gardeningwas introduced into England when Catherine
Engush
Gkapes.
Our own
find that it was
a salad we
suppliedfrom
country is noted for producing of Arragon required
of the finest Grapes in the world,and the fame of the
some
Holland ; Cabbages came
to us in 1510,Hops in 1524, Potatoes
giantVines at Hampton Court and Camberland Lodge,Windsor, in 1563. Turnips were
only in gardens till about the
grown
is great. On one occasion GeorgeIII. was so pleased with a I year 1669. In that year Worlidge,in his "Mystery of Hub-

OcoAsioNALLT

meets

one

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

196

JOTJENAL

OF

HOBTICULTUBB

"
be nsnallynourished
gardens,and be properlygarden plants,yet are they,to the
in his fields in
very great advantage of the bnsbandman, sown
several foreignplaces." In 1684 this root is first mentioned
The
Carrot
for
is
by Houghton as food
sheep.
indigenousin
our
island,but its cultivation was long confined to our gardens.
The same
remark appliesto the Beet.
Worlidge describes it in
his
Garden
first advocated
as
Tillage." The Mangold was
food for stock by Dr. Lettsom
in the earlyyears of the present
It had been, however,
century,and by General Beatson in 1811.
tried in Lancashire
in 1700, and in Norfolk
successfully

bandry," observed, Althongh Turnips

in

"

about 1797.
We may then well feel interested in the researches
of the horticulturist and the botanist in search of new
plants,
denizens
of perhaps far distant climes. When, indeed, we
remember
that the Potato came
to us from the New World, the
Mangold from an equatorialclimate,the Swede from far colder
lauds than our
own, we may yet feel hopefulthat other valuable
plantswill yet reward the discoverer
plants of which future
will reap abundant
harvests.
agriculturists
"

THE

POTATO.

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

[ September 14, 1871.

dinh at dinner,for who ever thinks of diningwithout Potatoes?

We have said that the Potato is wanting in mineral substances,
and it is curious to note how, in Ireland,this deficiencyis
pregnated
suppliedby the water, which is almost universallystronglyimwith mineral matter.
The use
of Potatoes is a preventiveagainst scurvy, if not
for it. Potatoes that have been exposed to the
actual cure
an
unwholesome
air, and have become
new
green, are
; and
Potatoes
to do with the prevai.e.,unripe ones, have much
lence
of cholera and each like diseases daring the summer
months.
has calculated that the quantityof ground which
Hamboldt
will produce 1000 lbs. of Potatoes.
will grow 30 lbs. of Wheat
In Ireland an adult will consume
lOJ lbs. in one day. Potatoes
and ihe water in which they are boiled is unwholesome,
are
narcotic,
if not deleterious ; but he process of boilingwould seem
to free them
from all that is narcotic or noxious in their juices,
"

As a
imparting these objectionablepropertiesto the water.
of prestaple article of food,the Potato has been the means
venting
famine ; though, on the other hand, the lower classes
of Ireland,being almost entirelydependant on this vegetable
for subsistence,
have experiencedsome
sequence
years of misery in con-

popularly believed that we are indebted to Sir Walter

Ealeigh for this most important of esculent vegetablefoods,the
It is

of a universal failure in the Potato crops.

The varietiesof the Potato that are cultivated are numerous;
wider area
than any other
new
ones
are
continuallyappearing; and the bett sorts that
food plant; indeed,so universally
is it diffused over
the habitable
markets are doubtless very superiorin size
are
sold in our
now
and quality (theeffect of judiciouscultivation)
globe,that it is found in almost every positionwhere man
to the tubers
subsist ; even
in the Arctic regionsit struggles
ence,
for existwhich Sir Walter Ealeigh firstintroduced to notice.
can
able
The soil in which it is grown will be found to have considerproducing stunted watery tubers in an imperfect state of
effect in determining the qualityof the Potato; and almost
development, whilst it flourishes in tropicalas well as temperate
so
does
it
itself
circumstances.
their
to
has
its
climates, easily
names
adapt
peculiarvarieties,
being quite
every district
the most useful of vegetableproductions; it is arbitrary or local. Most kinds are vastlyimproved by removal
It ranks among
and its value,which
is incalculable,
is hardly to a different locality;
hence growers rarelyuse for many
highlyprolific,
years
understood
to its fullest extent.
tubers for seed,but continuallyrenew
in succession their own
The
whole
family of the Solanacefe is suspicious great the stock by purchases from another district. One tuber will
numbers
and many
are
of them poisonous; though in
narcotic,
produce as many separate plantsas it has eyes, but a pieceof
the case
of Solanum
the
nigrum (one of the Potato family),
the Potato must be planted with each eye or shoot. The many
and
tender
when
used
as
a
shoots,
are
differ in form, size,colour,and in their time of ripencooked,
vegetable
varieties
ing;
young
in some
countries.
It is curious to note
than others,some
that the poisonous
more
are
some
naturally
are
prolific
berry,
and
are
which
is
Bittersweet, the Tobacco
an
plant,the Tomato, the Cape Goosesome
and
mealy,
unfailing
watery,
waxy
the Capsicum, the deadlyNightshade, and the Henbane,
characteristic of the best varieties. A mealy Potato is more
the Thorn
than a waxy
wholesome
or
Apple, Mandrake, and Petunia, all belong to the digestible and more
watery one.
the
Potato
which
as
excellent
most
was
less
or
same
pursued with more
vegetable
Various methods of cultivationare
;
genus
at first regardedwith the eye of indiffnrence by our
forefathers,success
in different localities. In France, the culture of the
until it was imported by Sir Walter Ei'e'gh in the seventeenth
Potato to a great extent is mainly due to the exertions of
to attract publicattention to it,and
century, who endeavoured
Parmentier.
cultivated it himself on
his estate in Ireland.
So, although
We will only allude to the Potato disease which some
years
the
notice.
not actuallythe first to introduce it,he was, nevertheless,
attracted so much
Many persons do not know
ago
of
first
it
into
sufficient
means
to say that it is the effect
bringing
public notice. He could not, what it is,and it would be
of course, have been acquaintedwith one-half of its useful proattacks the
of fungus, " whose spawn
of a mould, or species
perties,
and little did he dream
that in after years it would
tissues of the plant in every direction,
being present in the
revolutionise the diet of the country where it was
first tubers and stems
Ttie growth of this
radically
as well as in the leaves."
cultivated.
It was
known
is
of the Sweet
by the Indian name
fungus is encouraged or retarded according as the season
it continued
to be
Potato, "Batatas," and under this name
unfavourable to its development. Since the
favourable
or
written
of
and
about
for
the
time after its introduction.
spoken
some
universallyapparent,
of this disease have become
ravages
We read that it was
supposed that it would be found useful for rapidlyincreasingcultivationof the Potato has received a slight
feeding " swine and other cattle." The scientific analysisof check.
Potatoes are more
important than any other vegetable
the Potato is not within the provinceof this paper, and it will as a varietyof human
are
food,and on the score of their economy
be sufficient to say that it is rich in starch,that it does not
advantageouslyused in largequantitiesby the working classes,
much
contain
as
and that it is wanting though their nutritive value is not great. They are, however,
gluten as our cereals,
in nitrogenous matter.
It is,however, more
nutritious than
easilycultivated,easilykept,easilycooked, and easilydigested;
other
of
succulent
our
To
derive the necessary
vegetables.
any
but, being wanting in fat and nitrogenousmatter, they require
nourishment
from
diet almost
a
with those kinds of food which will
exclusivelyconsisting of to be eaten in conjunction
Potatoes,the stomach requiresa considerable bulk of this kind
they are generally eaten with
; hence
supply the deficiency
of food ; and it has been noticed that the Hindoo
who lives on
meat, or with milk as in Ireland,or with curds as abroad.
rice,the Negro who lives on plantain,and the Irishman who
{FoodJournal.)
"
lives on Potatoes,are all,
the Irishman,
more
or less, pot-bellied,"
stance
however, not so much so as the others ; and this circumPRESERVING.
GOURD
FOR
CITRON
is attributable to their diet,which
does not contain a
the shores of Asia an
sufficient proportionof gluten,and so necessitates the conhalf a century ago I met on
sumption
Nearly
of a largequantity
of the food ; for Potatoes are not
itinerant Persian, and, being then a student of his language,
Our discourse was
time in conversation.
nearlyso nutritious as Wheat, and the constant employment of detained him some
them as a chief article of diet is not favourable to the development
prolonged by the singularfact that he was a fellow townsman
Talk being over, I
known.
of the physicalpowers
neither does it tend to ei Urge
of the only Pt-rsiau I had ever

cultivation of which

extends

over

"

"

asked him what he had to sell,and he opened his box, which

contained sweetmeats.
Among others was a dry preserve made
It was
physical and moral degenerationof those nations who use it." of Gourd.
simply luscious, without any particular
Potatoes have been said to
can
say no more.
possess the advantage of solidity,flavour,but of a White Marseilles Fig one
of
like bread,and to have the healthful properties
fresh
of many
On returningto Europe in after years the remembrance
to
induced
me
with
without their acidity. As an article of diet,when
his
Persian
and
try
vegetables,
the
my hand
preserve
not used exclusively,
Ohio
and
Squash, but without euooess.
they are of untold value ; so universal
Vegetable Marrow
has the nee of them become, that they are almost an essential Having, however, seen anaooonntof the Citron Gourd, itstruck
the mental
faculties. In fact.Professor Muelder, a celebrated
Dutch
chemist,has said,that " the Potato is the cause of the

September 14, 1871.1

JOURNAL

OP

HOETICULTUEE

AND

COTTAGE

197

GARDENER.

to keep
than moist, but taking care
more
that this miglitbe what I was seeking for,and accordingly keeping the soil no
the roots are pushing
the ball moistened
seeds in heat this spring. One came
through, and when
I sowed some
up, and on
be known
as
by the soil drying
this one
fruit set. It was gatheredSeptember 4th,and weighed freelyin the fresh soil,
may
marked
then water copiously,and that throughout the growing season.
with a
about 3 lbs. Externallyit was
green, prettily
the growth ceases, and the buds begin to form, stilllet
snake-like pattern. Altogetherit is a remarkable
plant both in When
foliageand in fruit. Botanicallyit is the yellow hard fl^nhed the watering be liberal;and the buds being set and the wood
ing
CitruUus,called in French Pasifiqae, firm,then water only as requiredto keep the soil moist, allowvariety of the Caoumia
it first to show symptoms
of dryness before giving any
which is the eomtuun
and very different from the other variety,
cooked it ia the same
Water
Melon.
Uncooked
it is tasteless,
wa^er, then afford a good supply.
;
the plants are growing they are much benefited by a
When
but it boils beautifully
clear and of a good consistence, ready
I
sprinkling overhead with water morning and evening,but it
to receive any flavour which you may wish to communicate.
result
is
need
The
not be given at any other time ; and if they are exposed
followed Henderson's
receiptand added lemon.
to the direct rays of the sun, the morning syringingshould
marmalade.
a very delicate lemon
fallingupon their leaves whilst
the plant to be treated as a ridge be omitted,otherwise the sun
recommends
Henderson
me

them to spot.
wet will cause
be top-dressedin March, and again in
The
border should
June, with the compost above named, placedin a heap for
three months, in alternate layersof equal thicknesses of turf
and cow
dung, or better,sheepa' droppings. Previous to use
it should be chopped up moderately small, and laid on 1 to
of the border,and when
2 inches thick accordingto the settling
the surface soil
it will do, remove
that has settled as much
as
down to the roots, and top-dresswith the compost an inch thick.
PLANTS."
No. 6.
GREENHOUSE
will be required for some
In the matter
of pruning none
FOE
PLANTS
SUITABLE
WALLS.
4 to 6 inches apart. When
years, but train the shoots from
zontally
It is desirable that the wall should be wired either horicrowded
in
too
become
they
any part thin them out in spring
with the wires not more
than 6 inches apart, or with
before growth begins. Any irregular
growths may be cut back
than
6 inches
on
trellis wirework, in lozenges of not more
On a
time to insure greaterregularityof habit.
at the same
the side. The wirework
is best fixed so as to be from one12-feet wall the trees should be 4 feet apart,6 feet apart for a
either
half to three-quarters
the
and
inch
from
of an
wall,
may
9-teet wall,and 9 feet apart for a wall of G feet.
be galvanised or annealed
wire painted. I prefer the latter.
Oranges. Next to the Camellia for coveringa back wall are
The
walls should have east,west, or south aspects, and be but
plantsof the Citrus family. The flowers have so fine a scent,
shaded.
The borders ought to be prepared for planting,
in request
partially
and are besides of such a pure white as to be much
need
and
18 inches
be not less than
they for bouquets,especially
wide, nor
those for bridal occasions. The foliage,
exceed 3 fett in depth, 2 feet for compost, and besides that
well as the fruit.
as
too, is beautiful,
there should be from 9 inches to a foot of drainage, which
The
border should
be prepared for the Orange tribe in the
should be good, and there must
be an efficient outlet.
described for Camellias, but the compost
as
manner
same
Camellias are, perhaps, the finest of all plants for a back
consist
of
the
to
top Ij inch of a pasture where the soil
the fruit
under this treatment
I doubt whether
Cucumber.
an
would ripen,but it may make
apple-greenpreserve such as
and I have
he describes.
However, the seasoningis all-in-all,
in
and sugar
Carrots sliced thin and treated with lemon
seen
"
doubt
Citron
but
no
the same
way eaten with greatapplause ;
"
"
Carrot."
G.
than
S.
sounds
Gourd
more
enticing
"

"

ought

is so magnificent, and the flowers yieldto no

the foliage
is a rich sandy loam ; to two parts of this add one part of
in demand
of their season.
Where
Camellias are much
fresh horse droppings, one
part cocoa-nut refuse, or failing
the back wall of a loftyhouse is a good place for that leaf soil,and one
"as cut flowers,
part each of lump charcoal and river
plantsrequiredto furnish them.
Probably most, if not all,are
sand. This, with good drainage,will grow them well. It should
suitable for coveringwalls,but it is well to choose those which
be used fresh,chopped up rather roughly,and put in firmly,
have large foliageand are of free growth, and of that description
having it in a nice condition as regardsdryness,so that it may
wall
other
"

are

"

fine largeflower,and splendid

Monarch, brightscarlet,
foliage.
Conspieua,brightscarlet, but only semi-double,nevertheless very

fine.
Leeaua
brightcrimson.
superba(Bealii),
crimson ; large.
Mathotiana, bright
LeopoldI.,crimson ; large.
Eubens, deep rose ; largeand fine.
Valtevaredo,rose ; fine.

Reticulata
Mathotiana

flore-pleno,
brightrose

large.

alba,white ; large.
crimson ; large.
Cope, white,striped
of Lancaster,deeprose ; large.
marbled
Giardino Franchetti,rose, slightly
; large.

Mrs.
Duke

Countess

of

marked.
Derby,with largewhite flowers distinctly
Giovanni
Santarelli,
red,with largewhite blotch ; largeflower.
The
border should be well drained,and the compost may

consist of the top inch of moorland

taken
oft with its shoit
high ground, where the soil is sandy. This
grass, and from
kind of soil is in generalhalf peat, half loam, and full of fine
When
of sand.
this kind of soil cannot
be had, then
particles
take oft the top inch of a pasture where the soil is a good rich
I chop up either kind of soil into piecesIJ or
sandy loam.
2 inches square, and if the latter kind be used add one-third
fibrous
Bandy
peat, and a like proportionof charcoal in pieces
from the size of a pea to that of a hazel nut.
No sand need be
used if the soil contain enough of it,otherwise add one-sixth of
Cover the drainage with a layerof turf,and then
silver sand.
put in the compost, treadingit firmly,and taking care to have
it so dry that it will not clog.
The
sider
plants may be planted out at any season, but I conthe end of March
best,turning them out with the ball
entire,but looatning the sides of the ball with the end of a
libel or pointedpieceof wood.
The plantsshould be planted
rather high, making quite a cone
beneath them, for it must
be
borne
that the compost will sink considerably,
in mind
and
with it the plants,so that if plantedlevel at firstthe collar of
the plant is ultimatelylow, whereas it should always be raised
gomewhat above the general level. Water gently for a time.

to the feet. The plantsor trees should be turned

not adhere
out with the ball entire,only scratchingthe sides of the ball
The
with a pointed piece of wood so as to loosen the roots.
Plant
be the same
stated for Camellias.
distances should
as
high, for the Orange, like the Camellia, will not thrive when
buried.
in time becomes
The
the collar is low, and the stem
best time to plant is probably September, but any time from
be
then up to March
will answer
well. The watering must
moderate, no water being given so long as the soil is moist;
indeed, too much
watering is very injuriousto Orange trees,
not that they do not require plentifulsupplies,but these

the soil becomes

should only be given when
dry, then give a
thorough watering. This treatment is requiredby the Orange
in all stages of its growth. The soil should be top-dressed
in
spring,removing the surface after the plantsare in possession
time ;
of the border, but this will not be required for some
add about an inch of fresh compost every spring,and
therefore,
the surface soil to the depth of about half an inch,not
remove
in any case going deeper than is advisable to keep clear of the
The top-dressingmay
consist of equal partsof fibrous
roots.
and sheeps'droppings,or, failingthese,horse droppings.
top-dressingmay be repeatedin June, and if the trees are
in September.
carryingfruit,
From
the middle of February the trees should be syringed
in the morning up to April,and after that,morning and evening
until September, and from then to
throughout the summer
November
once
a-day in the morning, but this syringing in
in fine weather.
must
only be practised
spring and autumn
The
pruning required should be done in February, and
where
too thick,
should be limited to thinning-outthe wood
cuttingout that which is old and weak. Nothing is gained by
the
shoo
crowding
The Orange tree succeeds in what
a
warm
may be termed
greenhouse ; indeed the temperature,if the fruit is to have any
must
be ripened in a temperature of 50"
degree of perfection,
to 55".
Orange trees, however, succeed well in a temperature
45"
in winter by fire heat.
of from 40" to
They are impatient
loam
The

of the direct rays of the sun, and

succeed

admirablyin

house

193

JOURNAL

OF

HORTICULTURE

AND

COTTAGE

[ September 14, 1871.

GARDENER.

shaded
The compost should be used
In most
it is advisable to sixth part of lump charcoal.
partially
cases
by climbers.
if they are eubjootedrather rough, and be put in rather firmly.
keep them rather dry in winter, especially
to a low temperature.
Plant in March, and water as often as the soil becomes
Throughout the summer
liquidmanure
dry,
peck but not till then,giving good supplies. In winter,or from
may be afforded every week, givinga good soaking of one
of sheeps'droppings and a peck of soot to thirtygallonsof water.
November
to March, keep dry,but not so as to cause
the wood to
To keep down
the black fungus,which forma so plentifullydry. In March
out in the planthard, each shoot being shortened
the
with
wash
and
half
inch
within
a
solution
of
to
of
its
a
an
on
2 ozs. of
leaves,
base,for it is presumed that
sponge
soft soap to a gallonof water ; but it should be borne in mind
the shoots are trained at 9 inches apart,so as to cover the trellis
that this fungus is only a result of the scale (Coccus),
After pruning keep the plantsdry
and if in every part with shoots.
the trees are kept clear of that there will be no
then water moderately,and when growing
fungus on the for about a fortnight,
foliage. The scale may be destroyedby a solution of 4 ozs. of freelywater copiously. The shoots should be regulatedas they
soft soap to the gallonof water, appliedas hot as the hand can
grow, thinningout where they are too crowded, and encouraging
bear with a sponge or brush.
About twenty drops of spirits
of them where they are
too few in number
by training-inyoung
ance
shoots.
From
turpentinemay be added to every gallon.
Julyto late in autumn there will be an abundThe
suitable of this family are the Orange (Citrus
most
In the earlystagesof growth the shoots should
of bloom.
be trained-in at 9 inches apart, and they must
be stopped as
and of them
Aurantium),and of it there are several varieties,
the Mandarin
is good,and of free growth. The
required,so as to furnish the shoots where desired.
(Citrus
nobilis)
Lemon
If the plants are intended to flower in winter shorten the
(CitrusLimonum
acida)is also free in growth, and
and so is the Shaddock
very suitable,
(Citrusdecumana),or shoots in July to about half their length,or to 3 or 4 inches,
Forbidden
and the plant will put out fresh shoots and flower in autumn
Fruit,the fruit being very largeand having a noble
called Forbidden
Although sometimes
Fruit,the and winter,the wateringbeing liberal.
appearance.
one
At the time of pruning the surface soil should be removed
bearing that name
properlyis Citrus paradisi,
or Paradise
down to the roots, and a top-dressinggiven of loam and wellOrange.
Luculia gratissima. This planthas magnificentfoliage
rotted manure
in equal parts,and it may be repeatedin July.
when
in good condition,
it rarelyis,and the flowers are rosy
which
The plantsnoticed are all that I have found succeed on the
back wall of a greenhouse,and if the wall be very much
lilac,
shaded
produced in the autumn, winter,and springmonths.
In
a pot it is probably the most miserable
of all subjectscultivated by plants in front, or climbers closelytrained on the rafters,
in a greenhouse,but plantedout in a conservatoryborder,and
will thrive, though the positionmay
none
of the plants named
trained againsta back wall,it is one
of the finest and sweetest
for Ferns, none
of these being finer than Lygodium
answer
of the flowers afforded by the greenhouse
It answers
in the dull period of Bcandens.
admirably for trellises in the most
the year.
shaded part of the greenhouse,
and walls and other positions
The border should be prepared as described for Camellias, not receivingany sun, making growths from the roots 20 feet
this season.
and the soil most
suitable is turfy loam, with no
than
more
long in a season, at least it has done so with me
about an
inch of soil taken off where
For a shaded
the ground is sandy, It requirestwo parts peat and one
part loam.
chopped up roughly. To two parts of this loam add one part wall or north aspect Ficus repens is,perhaps, the best plant.
of sandy peat chopped up roughly,and half a part of old cow
it
It clings to the wall with the tenacityof Ivy, and covers
dung, lump charcoal,and piecesof grit not largerthan an egg closelywith bright green leaves, having a fine effect. With
The
Ivies
less than a walnut.
well.
it
will
nor
If the loam and peat are defloient in
and
loam
free drainage
good light
grow
able
sand, add silver sand in the proportion of one-sixth of the are also good for a wall of this description. The most desirwhole.
The compost should be well mixed
the new
and put together
are
variegata,
silver,Hedera Helix rhomboidea
rather firmly. Plant out at any time, but March
minor
H. Helix
I think is the
marmorata,
marginata elegans, marginata
best.
The sides of the ball should be loosened with a stick, Culhsii,marginata argentea,digitata,
minor
Donerailensis,
otherwise the ball should be entire. Water
gently,so as to lobata, and pulchella. They should have moderately rich soil,
settle the soil about the ball,and do not water again until the
of
of
and
one-third
pieces brick,sandstone,or
good drainage,
soil become
old lime rubbish mixed with the soil. G. Abbey.
dry, and then give a thorough supply. When
growing it requiresvery copious suppliesof water,but if the
watering be regular given whether it be required or not, the
GERANIUMS.
BEDDING
soil becomes
sodden that the leaves assume
so
a dingy appearance
of colouringobtained in the flowers
and fall,
the growth coming to a standstill. On the other
The gorgeous brilliancy
with their remontant
property,
hand, if no water be given until the soil becomes dry the plant of the Pelargonium, combined
grows
luxuriantly.It is well to let the leaves slightlyflag may justly be considered one of the greatesttriutnphs of
other reallygood things,the
rather than water too soon.
floriculture. Like many
modern
This treatment, as regardswatering,
of aspirants
is requiredthroughout the year.
The Luculia also prefers triumph itselfhas brought in its train an excess
partialshade, and does wtll with syiiagingtwice a-day; it is to share in the fame, not unaccompanied with unmixed good,
will
and
must
The
liable to attacks of thiipa and green fly,which the syringing nor
abuse.
without
Pelargonium
some
but more
of florists,
tends to keep down.
retain its proper place in the estimation
it leads to the
when
The
time will need
pruning for some
to be confined to than that it ought not to have, especially
other beautiful productions,
stoppingthe shoots,but, as the plant flowers at the pointsof exclusion or thrusting aside of many
mistakable
Unthe shoots,stopping should be resorted to as littleas possible,
which has unhappily been too often the case.
become
of
and if the shoots have been started low enough it will hardly
things
signsof a return to a better state
shall
this
all
when
shall
be necessary, as, after flowering,
manifest every year.
We
shoots start from
rejoice
two or more
more
the end of each shoot of last year. When
have been effected.
the plant has covered
I propagated
the trellis the pruning should be done in March, or before
this time, or a littleearlier,
Last year about
goniums
and the plant may be cut-in rather closely, about two hundred plantsof a few varieties of bedding Pelargrowth commences,
form at hand.
in 6-inch pots, the most convenient
removing the old wood, and encouragingyoung wood, especially
from the base of the plant.
Being uncertain of givingthem suflioientattention throughout
Hahrothamnus
elegans,H. aurantiacus, and H. fasciculatus the winter so as to keep them alive,a neighbouringgardener
also fine plantsfor a back wall,but requirea positionless very kindly allowed them to be placed for a few months in a
are
rooted,
of his vinery. The plants being weU
shaded than either Camellias or the Luculia.
vacant corner
The treatment
removed there about the end of
of the Habrothamnuses
has alreadybeen given at page 65 of strong, and
healthy when
the present volume.
October,my friend at my specialrequest bestowed scarcelya
useful for cutting,and succeed so well
of time over them, but only allowed them to live tillI
moment
are
so
Hcliotropiums
brought home
in the spring. They were
them
against a greenhouse back wall not yery much
shaded, that could remove
or
theymerit a place. The best kinds are Monsieur Hamaitre, a about the second week in April,and without being repotted
at once
planted
largepurple variety,
of the best for winter flowering; Volone
any other trouble taken with them, they were
years past
taireanum, a fine dark purple ; and Miss Nightingale. It is out in a few small beds which have been for some
well to plant them
They made but littleprogress at
in pots they devoted to a similar purpose.
out, for I confess that with me
do no good. The border should be well drained, and be comBy the
that earlyperiod,and after that littlesoon retrograded.
posed
about the Bize of the
of lightturfyloam two parts,one
firstweek in June they were
apparently
part sandy peat,and
Taking
one
first inserted in the propagating-pots.
If cuttingswhen
part leaf soil,with a free admixture of sharp sand.
fibrous
that they had made
the loam be poor, one-fourth of cow
dung or well-rotted manure
up two or three I found, however,
may be added advantageously,
and, to keep the compost open, a roots,and I did not despair.With a change of weather for
"

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September 14,1871.]

JOURNAL

OF

HOKTIOULTURE

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

199

removal of the Ferns for

pletely
sanguine as to suppose that the mere
Pelargoniums began to grow rapidlyand coma singlenight,and
covered the beds.
giving the rest of the plantsa strong dosr
Daring the last six or eight weeks
of ammonia, would have been satisfactorily
brilliant and
interrupted
uneffective. I prefee
of colour so
they have produced a mass
a
them.
of guano
over
a long period to keep
use
to attract notice from all who have seen
steady continued
as
the pests at bay. The
of Ferns, too, in spring is
removal
I have not to record a singlefailure.
of
A few simple facts may thus be deduced
from the foregoing in many
places no easy matter, from the simple reason
In such placesit is the
them
has
been
to
to.
nowhere
statement.
The
smallest
of
amount
care
having
remove
1,
possible
be removed
and
bestowed
them,
picked
2, Early planting is favourable to other plants which must
separately
upon
and doctored.
development of bloom.
3, The stinted space allowed to each
mination,
plantduring its earlylifedoes not deteriorate its after-existence. All sorts of panaceas are now offered for mealy-bugexterand one
would think,when we read of their wonderful
There were
in a pot when
from twelve to fifteen Geraniums
that
it
he
elevafault
if
allowed
such
was
a
aa
efficacy,
gardener's
planted out. The soil here i3 light,but poor, and at an
"tion of about 430 feet above
level ; the severityof insect to remain on the premises. All these preparationsmay
the sea
be good in their way, but it is a question of watching, and
spring frosts is thus much mitigated.
I have only now
picking,and catching,work and perseverance to eradicate the
to state the varieties in the beds, which con-,
But it is well known
tain from
that
twenty to thirtyplants each. It will be seen that ubiquitousand tenacious nuisance.
"
old
and turn up
gardeners reallyhave not time to examine
many
4hey are well-known kinds,and would be considered as
into
the
and
numerous
sorts."
axils,and pick out
Arranging them in the order of merit as regards every leaf,
peer
abundance of bloom, they will stand thus.
separately. To such, a rainyday is a true friend. I recollect
First.
callingone day on a sadly overworked
gardener,a most able
Stella,Amy Hogg, Indian Yellow,Glow-worm.
It was
All
a
Second.
dripping day in summer.
Gybister,Tom Thumb
(ora dwarf varietyfrom it),and estimable man.
out of doors,and had been there
his infested stove plants were
Mrs. W. Paul, Trentham
Rose, Magenta.
Third
(inferiorand apparently unsuitable for bedding). for three days. Most of them, he told me, would have three
JMadame
Vauoher, Lord Palmerston,the former a delicatewhite, days more, and there would be littlebug left. The rain,or the
the latter remarkable
for its largetrusses.
air,or the rather cold nightscaused the bug to quitedisappear.
choice and
stances
The Rose season
here has been abnormal
Taming a plant out of doors for a week under such circum; many
has certainly
the
favourite kinds have failed to show
their usual beauty. The
a wonderfullygood effectin destroying
number
and imperfect flowers has been greatlyin
of deformed
insect,and the plants receive little or no sensible injuryin
other ways by the change, providing
in remembrance.
Would
some
of any previous season
they are under a watchful
excess
of our Rose friends kindly send their experience for the sake of eye and
withstand
Mealy bug cannot
properly tended.
Mr.
A
I
shall
be
little
ness
notes
?
famish
to
rainy
day is proof of the correctAbbey says.
comparing
quota, water,"
happy
my
No water is so effectual as the water from
of his remark.
"A.
H. Kent.
the clouds, and no syringe can
tribution
equal the steady continued disof the showers,either in checkingthe mealy bug or in
MEALY
AMMONIA
AND
RED
SPIDEE
VEESDS
nourishing the plants. J. W.

the better,
my

"

"

"

"

"

BUG.

being a
[In support of the statements relative to ammonia
of Mr. Abbey's papers in a recent number
of the
In one
vanquisher of red spider,we recentlywere informed by A. A.
at
Journal he records some
valuable experiencein keeping
bay CroU, Esq., Roehampton, that the ammoniacal
liquor of the
perience
exthat little insect,but great pest,the red spider. My own
where red spideroccurs
overcomes
gas works placed in saucers
cides
of impregnating the air with ammonia
exactlycointhe pest. That liquoremits fumes of cyanate of ammonia, an
with Mr. Abbey's. It is in my opinion the most simple, effective poison. Ens.]
which can be adopted for keeping the
safe,and effectual means
foliagein the vineryfree of this insidious pest. In damping
FERN?
WHAT
IS A HARDY
and closingthe vineries in the afternoon I always use guano
I employ no
At the summer
show of the Preston Floral Society,
water.
other preventives,
a prize
as sulphur.Sea.,good
I competed for it,and I
though they may be, and while I never
syringe the Vines at was
given for twelve hardy Ferns.
Onychium japonicum, Lastrea
staged amongst the number
any time or under any circumstances,I feel quite certain a
singlered spiderhas not ventured under the roof and lived for intermedia,Cyrtomium falcatum, Adiantum
Capillus-Veneris,
and Pteris scaberula.
when the judging
the past half dozen yens
Imagine my surprise,
the
ammonia
natural
and
effectual
antidote
obtained
find
was
and I
twelve disqualified,
Besides
over
being a
admission, to
my
it has anoitier value,as being an element of food
to spiderlife,
a card being affixed to
my plant of Pteris scaberula,
for the Vines, wbich
which
written by Mr. Petch, the Judge, " not hardy."
seem
to luxuriate in its presence and by on
was
its influence. la the vinery is an Arnott
as
a
most enthusiastic devotee to
stove, almost the Now, I believe that my name
of heating, and the evaporating-pancontains a
I carried off firsthonours
all Ferns is well known.
at Nottingonly means
ham
this year for twelve exotic Ferns, for twelve Adiantums,
strong solution of guano, and the foliageabove and around
stove
is
the
the
finest
extra
dose
ammonia
and
I
for
six
exotic
which
this
of
second
always
was
was
hardy
Ferns, among
by
the identical pan of Pteris scaberula which fell into disgraceat
provided. The leaves are not much larger,but are stouter and
If it was properlydisqualified,
more
robust,and show by their healthyaspecthow much they Preston.
Onychium japonicum,
fate.
the Lastrea,and Cyrtomium should have shared the same
enjoy their atmospheric food.
A much
of ammonia
is necessary
to kill They were
stronger volume
spared. I shall feel much obligedif yon will admit
time give
mealy bug than is required for red spider,and it must be these few lines into your Journal,and at the same
festedyour views on the subject. Mr. Fetch's judging was
from first
stronger still to kill thrips. I have tried this by placinginthe greatest satisfaction to
plants on an inverted pot in the evaporating-pan,and
to last reallyfaultless, and it gave
T. M. Shutileusual.
acting results. There need be no fear of using guano in this everybody,an occurrence
by no means
I have many
times
way in the vinery in a liberal manner.
WOKTH.
mixed
a pound in the
evaporating-panwhen the water was
cluded
[We believe Mr. Petch was right. Pteris scaberula is inquitehot, and seen nothingbut good result from it
"
stove and greenhouse Ferns " in all catalogues,
among
The air of the house when it is so used is quitepungent, yet
when
relied upon
and the good authority
we
preparing our
In an atmosphere of this kind
disagreeablyso.
hy no means
"
Fern
Manual," not only stated it to be a greenhouse Fern
I am
satisfied that spider could not exist,
and mealy bug and
"
the glassin the greenIt should be grown
near
but added,
house,
in disgust. I am
thripswould turn up their noses
careful not
but by no means
exposed to cuttingdraughts of air."
to use it nearly so strongwhen
the Grapes are settingand for
without
it
succeeded
in
protection?
Have
wintering
you ever
time
some
afterwards,although even
at this time I never
tection
Any plant that will not usuallyendure our winters without pro"When stoningis effected
entirelywithhold the use of guano.
in considerable portions of the British Islands,we do
I use it freely,
and have never
seen
results
injurious
or
yet
any
not consider entitledto be classed as hardy. Eds.]
signs of such arise from it. I only regret that I cannot employ
in the plant stove, or I believe I should have no
it so freely
Cdltuke
Cinchona
A paper comat
municated
Reunion, Boukeon.
mealy bug nor
thrips to trouble me.
Begonias, Ciladiums,
and free-growingplants of this kind relish ammonia
to the Academy of Sciences,and recently
published
highly,
in the " Comptes Rendus," givesan account of the progress of
but some
other things,notablyFerns, may easilybe overdosed.
E tried it in a house containing several Ferns, but findingthey Cinchona
culture in the French colony of Keanion.
The first
did not approve
of it relinquishedthe practice. I am
seeds were
introduced in the island in 1866, at the suggestion
not so
.

"

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"

200

JOUBNAL

OP

HORTICULTURE

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

[ September 14, 1871.

of

General
Moiin.
They came, we believe,from Kew, but, "The British Mineralogy," and "Mineral Cjnchology." He
tbroagh mismanagement,most of the young plants periBhed. was a skilful artist,and engraved many platesof fossil sheila
Fresh suppliesof seed were
subsequentlyprocured from Ceylon and English plants,and drew the figuresfor Loudon's
Encyand Bitavia, and a report, dated in January last, furnishes
olopiEdiaof Plants,""c.
"

the annexed
details :
At Salazie,at an
elevation of 4000 feet
above
the sea, two
saved by
plants of Cinchona
officinalis,
Dr. Vinson out of the produce of the seeds sown
in 18S6, were
thrivingsplendidly. They were four years and a half old, and
15 feet in height. Their perfectacclimatisation was
attested
covered
with
by the fact that in January, 1871, they were
It was
flowers for the firsttime.
hoped that the flowers would
become fertilised this season, and that it would be possible
to
seed from them.
Bave
(FoodJournal.)
"

"

THE
"

HEATH

MUSHROOMS

THE

FERN.

do yon feel now

?" said a purple Heath, growing
on
a
Furze and Bramble
sunny roadside among
bushes, to
that had taken root under the shade of a thick old
a small Fern
Elm
tree. " A short time ago how you pitiedme, because my
days had to be spent working and growing oat in the summer
heat ; pityyourselfnow.
See how the soft warm
rain is falling,
and never
reach you."
a drop can
All the air is full of moisture,"repliedthe Fern ; " I felt
it coming long before you did. I could not live half
my time
to revel."
exposed to the dry fever heat in which you seem
You
not
are
going to live long," repliedthe Heath, " if
there is any truth in your looks.
How
grey, and dusty,and

CANTERBURY,

NEW

like the present,many hundreds

season
Here, in a plentiful
of gallonsof what I will term
field Mushrooms
are
gathered
and hawked
about the streets of Christchurch duringthe fine
weather
which
autumn
we
usuallyhave in this very variable
and, as regards climate,treacherous part of New Zealand. I
road that in the other colonies occasionally
hundreds
of bushels
It is generallyevery
autumn.
have them
in such great abundance
have
had the old saying,"as plentiful
we
autumn
as
I think the yield
Mushrooms," fullyrealised amongst us.
of this fungus has in the present year far exceeded that known
in any previous season
in Canterbury. Two very largespecimens
have come
of dunghillMushrooms
under my notice thisBoth
season.
of the dimensions
were
of an ordinarycheeseare

AND

There, how

IN

ZEALAND.

gathered in spring and

second
here.

autumn

that

we

This

1 lb. llj ozs. and 1 lb. 11,Jozs.

plate,weighing respectively
In our
autumn
months
of 1869 I saw
a parcelof Mushrooms
of extraordinarysize. The largestwas
12 inches in diameter,
and the remainder
averagedabout 6 inches. These were grown
in the
on
a farm near
stockyard,"or rendezvous
my residence,
for the cattle belonging to the farm.
In addition to this,a
Your withered fronds go eiack,eraok,as the
jparohed
monster
found in March, 1866,in the
you are.
was
dunghillMushroom
wind passes through them ; you are
as
dry as the soil you
neighbourhood of Christchurch,and it had attained the size of
to thrust your
vainly endeavour
roots into, and see
how the
the cap, stalk 13 inches
33 inches round
by 11 inches across
rain comes
down not unmindful
of the smallest blade of withered
round ; and in another instance I recollect making notes of a
grass ; it would reach you if it could ; gently,timidlyit comes
Mushroom
12
inches
and
dunghill
round,
weighing 1 lb.
like a too-long-absentfriend,and there is a rumbling noise
I attribute the growth of small as well as largespecimens
afar off,and brightlightscome
and go in the sky, not caused
of this delicatefungas
in such amazing profusionevery alternate
by sun or moon, yefcyou are as thirstyas ever.
Your
great autumn
solelyto our genialrains,succeeded generallyby warmfriend the Elm
gathers it all to himself,not a drop escapes
weather.
I
recollect on
occasion Mushrooms
one
were
sunny
through his wide-spreadinggreedy arms.
Poor Pern ! you are
collected by drayloadsin the country and brought into town for
dyingof thirst dying within sightand sound of running water." sale. The same
went
season
some
down
the
river
persona
My turn will come," answered the Pern in a feeble voice, Avon in a boat, landing occasionally,
and they obtained nearly
which sounded
as though it came
from a long distance;"when
We
find from
a boatload.
want
experience that if we
our
the good Elm is satisfied,
few
will
wants
be
my
supplied."
not pick up Mushrooms
in
catsup to keep a long time we must
It has been raining for hours," said the Heath, with a
the paddocks on
a wet morning, and I think I can
safelystate
before he is satisfied,
and there
greatlaugh, and it may csase
that there are few families without a good bottle of catsup in
be nothing left for you but a few dirtyleaf-droppings.It
At the lime of picking them
it is quite a pastime
store.
you
"

"

"

"

"

"

"

had taken my
advice you could have drunk
your fill now;
what a good time you would have had."
It would have been all over
with me
now, Mr. Heath, if I
had ventured to live with you out t'lfre, exposed to the burning
"

sun
through all the long cloudless summer
; the shade of this
thick tree is welcome
to me.
I do not care, for a blue sky ; and
a hard,dry,unmoistened
atmosphere is a pain to me ; it weakens
my strengthand injuresmy beauty."
"
You do not know what is good,"repliedthe Heath.
Oh
how I love it." And in merry mood
the gay -Heath caught up
the passing breeze,and shook out its thousand
purple bells ;
and as though moved
by the same
impulse the giant Elm
lifted up and down
his heavy arms, thicklyclothed with summer

all classes to go out, Maori-kit " in hand.

This is
kind of boat-shaped basket,made
of New Zealand
Flax by
the Maories.
The
Mushrooms
are
sold
at
Is. the
usually
bucketful.
American
In conclusion, I do not think we shall ever require"Mushroom
here for the culture of the Mushroom.
William
caves
"

amongst
a

"

"

Swale, Avonside

Botanic

New
Garden, Canterbury,

Zealand,

"

showers
fell and moistened
leaves,and warm
the dusty
Boil,and down his rough dark trunk little rivulets softlystole
and

tracked

their way

to the

hollow where

the Fern

waitedin

patience.
I am
than
more
content,"whispered the Fern ; I can
grow green aaain,and ripen my rich brown spores ;" and full
Fern
of hope the
stretched out its faded fiouds,uncurling each
tender joint,
and all the cool air was
full of sweet perfume ; the
very soil sent up a thank-offering.Maud.
"

"

NEW

EDIBLES.

to the produce of Britisb

In this paper we shall refer more
plants than to those of foreignorigin,and our aim will be
chieflyto draw attention to the utilisation of those which
roadsides and waste
tricts
abound
on
places in English rural distime or other been
of these have at some
; and, as many
cooked
and
eaten, either experimentally or to satisfythe
to apply rather to a
cravingsof hunger, our remarks will seem
revival of old edibles than to the introduction
of new
ones.

people who pass their days in towns have any idea of the
of wild plants,and we fear that fewer stillare thoroughly
utility
or
acquaintedwith the sonvoe
originof most of our cultivated
prizevery highly,
vegetables. Many of those whick we now
cultivated forma
and which are recognisedarticles of food,are
of wild plantswhich any of us may still see
growing in their
NOTES
AND
GLEANINGS
natural state in certain districts. The Celery (Apium graveoOn the 26*h of August, at St. George'sBoad, Kilburn,in the
and the Sea-kale (Crumbe maiitima), may be taken as
lens),
of
his
died
Mr.
James
eighty-fifth
Carle
de
Sowekbt.
year
agp,
examples, the first of which may be found in marshy places
H) was
the eldest son of the late eminent
Mr. James
and ditches on different parts of the seacoast, and the second,
naturalist,
Sowerby,and he received much of his education through assisting
also a coast plant,grows wild amongst sand and shingle. The
his father in his literary
and scientific labours.
He was
a
Asparagus likewise grows wild in several placeson the British
Fellow of the Linnean
the
of
Zoological Society,and
Society,
coast.
If the culture and development of these and many
the Riy Society,and was
of the Royal Botanic Sorative
ciety,similar plantshave been found not only successful but remuneSecretary
in the first establishment
of which, in 1839, he took an
to be a matter
in a high degree,it seems
beyond dispute
active part. He retained the secretaryship
until about a year
efforts
that others might be similarly
changed by persevering
Bince, when he retired,the Society allowing him a small in oullifation.
pension. He publishedmany Lists of Fossil Shells,"o., in the
is
c
ultivated
The Hop (HumulusLupulus),which
extensively
Transaotious of the Gsologieal
and was
author of for brewing purposes, is an example: in its wild state it grows
Society,
"

Few

JOUKNAIi

202

OF

AND

HOETICULTDBE

tlionsands of pounds.

The
accompanying engraving giree a
vista in the Pinetum.
The manner
in which
those and various other vrorbs of the
most extensive kind have been furnished,are
lastingproofsof
Mr. Glendinning's
about
was
originally
ability. The Pinetum
circuitous
walk
of
with
a
thirty-sixacres,
nearly two miles,
commencing at the house and terminatingat the flower gardens.
and
There are also shrubberies attached of about twenty acres
enclosed by iron railing,
and more
recentlyabout, eight acres
have been added to the Pinetum, making it at the present time
When
somewhere
about sixty-four
in its most
acres.
complete
state
the arboretum
contained
than
three thousand
more
but
and
after
deaths
allowed
were
varieties,
species
year
year
to occur
iu the Pinetum
unnoticed,instead of being promptly
repairedby the purchase oJ fresh specimens, so that when Mr.

glimpse of

Begbie succeededto the head-gardenertbiptwo

years since, he
less than nine hundred
of the specimens were
E^Ue
would
not
allow
the
Lady
labels,marking where
gone.
to be removed, but they
they stood and recordingtheir names,
remain as a record of neglect,
and her ladyshiphas requested
Dr. Hooker, of Kew, to collect as many
as
can
be procured
of the speciesand varietiesthat are lost,and to do as much
as
found

that

no

Tlie Obelisk

different.

now

As

above

stated,there are seven compartments for fruiting

Largo suckers are secured in succession as often as
times in the year if preferred,
taking
may be required seven
thirtysuckers at each time, care being taken that the suckers
of good size and healthy. They are
are
detached
from the
stools,the bottom leaves carefully
strippedand trimmed ready
for potting,which
will
circumstances
is done as soon
as
after
permit. The pots for suckers are 7 and 8-inch pots,new, or
thoroughlywashed, carefullydrained, and over the drainage
are
placeda few piecesof turfyloam.
The soil used is turfy loam, rather light,with all the fine
earth shaken out of it,and to which a sprinklingof boiled inch
bones has been added, and a little soot placed over
the pieces
of drainage turf. The sucker is placed rather low in the pot,
and the soil rammed, so that when finished the plantsare quite
firm.
The next operationis to get them plunged in succession
pitsas soon as possible. At Bicton all succession Pines are
Pines.

"

GARDENEE.

[ September 14, 1871.

possibletowards restoringthe Bioton Pinetum

strength.

to its

original

shall recur
We
to the arboretum on
future occasion,bnt
a
will now
of Bioton.
pass to another speciality
Its Pine Apples have been celebrated for many
Evert
years.
in Mr. Glendinning'sdays, now
between thirty
and fortyyears
since,they were well grown in heat derived from leaves and
modern
structed
tan, without the more
system of having properlyconof top and bottom
heat.
pits with a good command
There is now
a
fruitingPine pit heated with hot water and
divided into seven
compartments, each containingfrom twentyfive to thirtyfruitingPines.
Sixteen varieties were
grown
devolved
here when
Mr. Begbie in May,
the management
on
Monster
sorts
and monster
fruit had been produced
1869.
annually,and carried or sent to all the principalfruit shows
in this country, and even
to Paris, with
the most
gratifying
and grown
out to be mostly prizetakers
as they turned
results,
For
various
sufficient
it
is
reasons
unlikelythat
by express.
again on the exhibitioriany of the Bicton Pines will be seen

boards.
Monster
were

is only

soil,and often staked iu the pots to keep them iu positionand

from tumbling out.
The
system was
kept up by waterings,
steamings,and syringings,
a largecopper
garden engine having
often come
into use twice daily,showing that large Pines can
with but few roots, and will grow and swell up well,
be grown
aided chiefly
by atmosphericmoisture; but this extra size is
obtained at the expense
of qualityin the fruit. The plan is

COTTAGE

so

Pines

grown

were

in very

and obtained many

prizes,and
grown
high temperature,strongor rather heavy

Landmark.

grown
stable

in
manure

wooden
pits,using leaves and ai littJe
heating purposes, than which nothingcan

rough deep
for

better.
batch having been plunged about h\y 1st, they are
kept and wintered in their 7 and 8-incb pots accordingto size,
and about the middle of March
following,if all has gone well,
Eleven
the pots will be almost full of healthy fibrous roots.
used for the fruiting. The plants are
and 12-inch pots are
in
well
into
moved
a
warm
potting-shed,
repotted
quickly
drained pots, using turfy loam
as
before, rather light than
heavy, a proper proportionof boiled inch bones added, and a
The soil is rammed
in as hard as it is
small portion of soot.
generallydone with Heaths, but care is taken that the ball of
earth is not injured. The plantsare placed as deeply in the
and the leaf beds being well turned np, and
pots as possible,
fresh sweet well-worked leaves added, the pots are plunged in a
answer

The

until the pots

bottom
heat of 80" to 85",which is maintained
full of roots, when the plants will be broad-leaved,
are
etubby,
so
healthysubjects,
gardener.
cheeringto a practical
By the middle of June, if not sooner, the plants should be
rested for two or three weeks, after which, if all is rightas to
be introduced to the fruiting-pitsay twentysorts, they may
five or thirty Black Jamaioas
and Smooth
Cayennes. Thus
treated they will start freelyinto fruit,and prove most useful
Others,such as the Queens, follow
during the vjintermonths.
"

JOURNAL

September 14, 1871. ]

AND

HOKTICULTDEE

OF

GAEDENEB.

COTTAGE

203

healthier,smallerWe
can
testifythat never were
grown
suit, and are, after having been rested on the cool-and-dry
crowned
Pines, and we have copied from Mr. Begbie's journal
system, pushed into fruit early in January, and so they go on
quite satisfied with a plan which, as Mr. Begbie said, is the Pines and the weight out last July.
nor
neither Meudonian
Hamiltonian, and may only be Biotonian,
lbs.
lbs.
moreover
bat as it gives an abundance
of fruit of firstquality,
19J July 18th, ten cut,weighed 28
Jaly 1st,five cnt,weighed
the
said to be greatlysuperior to fruits grown
on
eleven
15
four
express
cut,
weighed 44^
26th,
3rd,
cut,weighed
9i
31st,two cut,weighed
11th, seven
keeping
cut,weighed 22
method, I shall go on my system until I find a better,
13th, six cat,weighed. 19
the roots warm, and the heads cool."
"

,,

SALICIFOLIUS.

AMARANTHUS
are

which
species

have

been

have

| character

been

well

representedby

"

the

Prince's

Feather

(A.candaA. hypochondriacns),

sington, for they

tus and

which
be

fonnd

in

some

equallyimpossible
to givean adequate
idea of the beauty

and

ally
especicottagegardens

; and

not
its

one

cultivated for
flowers

but

of
of the colours
the foliage. The
about
plants were

for its

lovelyrosy-purple
translucent
leaves,

in

we

the sun,

be met

is to
in almost

with

melanoholi-

all

which

tinge,
orange
bronzedothers

at

an

metallic

plant,

the

from

of

Japan
friend, the

produce

is grown from seed

in February,
sown
and

presentation
re-

is treated

in

borders

in which

horticulturists
at the meeting of

this

last

species

from
can

we

the

we

that
class
Amaranthus

FOR

also is in good condition

for
which depends a good deal on

the perfectionof
earthing Celery,
the

care

THE

bestowed

its timelyperformance. Plant the

on

this tion
operaof

principalcrop

first-

certificate

unanimously
Eoyal Horticul-

was

the

Floral Committee

of the

WEEK.

ground well manured, as previouslydirected.

good varietyfor standing over the winter ;
other sorts. Prick
in spring as most
run
apt
out into beds, a few inches
apart,a large quantity of Cabbage
plantswhich have expanded their first two rough leaves. The
be pricked out on a warm
July sowing of Endive may now
spring Cabbage

GARDEN.

weather still cfiers a favourable opportunityfor carrying

the war of extermination
againstthe weeds ; the ground

and

salicifolius.

anything we know and singularlybeautiful,I voted for it by

affirm. Its habit and general |tural Society.
unhesitatingly

WOKK

on

and

and out-door
We
decoration.
mark
need scarcely re-

KITCHEN

The

thai

;
acquisition

only entirely

different
that

"

further that it will

door
be so both for in-

cannot
at present
say, but that it is
not

week

Amaranthus
will prove a great

cultural
Horti-

not

notice
it is

quite certain

Whether
distinct
or

cluded
con-

we

our

at
Society
ethinst.
it is a

June.

have
only to
add, in the words
We

nilla,
Maceived,
re-

Kensington on

and
in the

planted out

servedly
dethe
so,
ums
highest encomifrom all leading

Eoyal

hardened-off

and

the

as

annual,
half-hardy
gradually
being

its way, a not less

beautiful member
of the same
family,
Amarauthus
saliwhich

open

ground. Measrp.
Veitch add, that it

our

of,in

from
oifoliue,

the

from

late
Mr.
John
Gould
Veitch ; and to-day
we

lifted

were

of
was
one
introductions

the

green.

bited
plants exhi-

The

others

It

are.

plish
purwith

rose

melancholy-

looking

leaves,

of them

most

is Amaran-

ruber, not

graceful,

weeping

garden.

This

long,

having

narrow,

thus
ons

high, ard
described them

feet

as

every modern

flower

so

fountains
their
weeping
waters, and it is
many

old-fashioned gardens,
in

like

looked

still to

are

It
engraver.
is impossible to
conceive anything
than
more
graceful

our

of
the appearance
the plants shown
last week at KeE-

Love-lies-bleeding
and

,,

there

,,
"

,,

Op the genns Amaranthns

long cultivated in
gardens for their
such
flowers
as

'

'

The East
it is not

Ham

so

on

is
to

204

JOUENAL

HOETICULTUEE

OF

AND

COTTAGE

GAEDENEB.

[ September 14, 1871.

border,and as the earlyplantationattains a proper size the Let a scrupulousexamination

be given to the condition of each
plants should be tied for bleuchiug. Continue to plant out plant,and defects in the soil or drainage of the pots at once
Coleworts from the July-sown beds.
They may be planted very remedied ; clear oS moss, remove
and replacestakps.
insects,
closely,say on the average 9 inches apart. Embrace
Luculias
and
other winter-flowering
plants growing in the
every
to tie up and arrange Herbs,
border must
be freelyexposed to lightand air,in order to have
opportunity when a wet day occurs
to stringOnions,and to beat out and clean the seeds of any favourite
the growth well ripened and to insure a fine displayof bloom.
that all plants are
Also see
clear of black
ing
vegetablethat may have been saved. Make the last sowthrips, for this
for the season
of Brown
Cos and Hardy Gfoen Lettuce on
active just now
wherever it is allowed to
pest is particularly
raised beds of light soil,where
Luculias and plantsin a growing
on
they may remain till spring, gain a footing,especially
and
be planted out to succeed those which
are
transplanted state. The ordinary precautions for obtaining a supply of
under
this autumn
walls and similar situations.
The largepods common
floweringplantsthroughout the winter months should
should be picked clean ; these often give be progressively continued.
of Scarlet Runners
Violets should
be potted or
over
occasioned
bearing prematurely through the exhaustion
ia
a frame
planted
; Mignonette thinned and sown
; Hyacinths,
Another
to seed.
by sufferingthe pods to run
sowing of Tulips,and other bulbs pottedand plunged ; Pinks for forcing
Hadishes
should
be made
on
an
elevated and warm
border.
encouraged ; and Cinerarias duly attended to. Eases in pots
Winter Spinach and Turnipbeds must
be kept hoed and thinned, should
Young plants may
occupy a fair share of attention.
the first to 9 inches or thereabouts.
Follow up the plan of yet receive a shift,
and manure
water
may be appliedto plants
the
remains
promptly clearingaway
of crops as they succesin activity.
sively
ot land must
be held
decay. A proportionatereserve
STOVE.
for forward Peas and early spring-cioppinggeneral!''.Those
Winter- floweringsubjectsshould now
receive extra attention,
which
should
"quarters
as
also those succession
flowers which
have been retarded.
require trenching the ensuing autumn
be kept free of any further crop after this time of the year,
Nothing but a lightsituation will be suitable after this period.
that an
opportunitymay be afforded of gettingthe operation Those who are compelled to grow such stock in the shade of
performed before the arrival of winter.
late vineries or other forcing houses
be content
must
to endure
a
mated
partialfailure. Lat the Begonia family be duly estiFEUIT
GAEDEN.
in
this
if
propagated
respect. Euphorbia jaoquiniteflora,
It will be an advantageto have the fruit-tree borders free
form dense bushes ;
early and frequentlypinched, will now
"and unshaded
The effect of plantby any crop at this season.
ing
three
in
are
which
is
much
better
a
they
generally
pot,
grown
Endive, Turnips, and similar crops is to keep the border
than singleplants. Of course
such plants as the winter Ges"cold and wet, when, in fact,warmth
and air are more
cularly
partiScarlet Pelargoniums, "c., will not be forgotten.
the width of neras, Acbimenes,
to see
required. It would be satisfactory
When
there is but one
house for the accommodation
borders reduced,could even
a
limited space be secured
more
of
considerable
and
attention
care
are
sary
necestropicalplants,
to the wall trees. If no
-exclusively
store of material (sods
of
to properlymanage
them
at this season, as some, having
sandy loam are good for the purpose)is in hand, no further
their season's growth,require to be kept cool and
completed
delay should take place in collectinga sufficient quantity for
rather dry,in order to ripen the wood, while others in free
Continue
carrying out any proposed renovation.
to attend to
and moisture.
the gathering
and storingof Pears and Apples as they ripen. growth require to be encouraged with warmth
If there is no
convenience
in a cooler house, such plants as
Tomtits
are
now
to Pears.
doing all the mischief they can
have
their
should
made
be
growth
placed together at one end
Some people,who are learned in such matters, tell us that they
of the stove, keeping them
sparinglysupplied with water at
counterbalance
of evil they do by destroying
any amount
the roots, and givingair rather freely,
which will generally
serve
legions of insects at certain seasons
of the year, but I have
to prevent any attempt at a second growth ; and those requiring
4oubts on this point,and have sometimes
acted on them with
to be kept warm
and moist should also be placedtogether
evident advantage to the Pears, and without
being able to
at the opposite end of the house, where
very little air should
notice any alarming increase of insects.
Gather
Peaches,
be
given,using every care to keep the atmosphere about them
Nectarines,and Figs as they ripen ; this has been an nncomis free from insects,
See
that
and keep the
moist.
everything
anonlyfavourable season for the latter.
foliageof Ixoras clean by wnsbing with a sponge and Eoapy
FLOWER

GAKDEN.

water

If Pansies

to be grown well the bed must

are
be renewed
in order to secure
the young
a good spring bloom
plants obtained as cuttings or side shoots from the old favonrites,in addition to any new varieties which may be bought,
should be soon
planted. It will be requisitethat the bed for
4heir receptionshould be prepared,in order that they may be
planted out at the end of the month.
Auriculas will now
begin
to excite and requiremore
attention.
All decaying leaves must
be removed, and occasional top-dressings
be given. Examine
seedlings that have been prickedout ; it the roots are raised
above the surface,which ia often the case, re-insert them by
making a notch in the soil with the handle of a budding-knife
or
a pieceot ivory. Pinks should be plantedout without
delay.
Keep a sharp eye for seed of Carnations and Picotees,and carefully
examine
all pods. The soil for potting-off
the layersought
to be in readiness,
now
under an open
keeping it,if possible,
shed, as it is then fitfor use at any time. Dahlias mast, to secure
have
Pluck off allblooms
unremittingattention.
success,
which
not promising, and
are
as
Take
required.
cover, "a.,
that the blooms intended for exhibition
care
do not chafe
against the covers.

when

necessary.

"

W.

Keane.

and
.jearly,

DOINGS

OF

THE

LAST

WEEK.

walks
A HEAVY
shower on the 8th and 9th, which flooded our
of gallons of water, which
would
and sent to waste thousands
been valuable it we could have preservedit,has saved us
have
from all thoughts of out-door watering at the end of the week,
and what had been watered with sewage previouslywould just
be the better fitted for the downpouring of the sweet water
In looking round
after the flood-showers of
from the clouds.
did not see that anything had
the morning of the 9.h, we
Vauoher
ot Madame
fine rows
Buffered except some
niums,
Pelargothe brightwhite lookinga little dingy,and many
petals
and beds of yellow
massive
rows
being gone, and also some
the
rains
have
washed
The
wind
and
vS
the
Calceolarias.
or
a fortnight
blooms in bushelf uls. A month
ago we should not
have so much
cared,but from the middle of September there
shoots to throw up similar
is but scant time for the young
when the weither was
of bloom.
dense masses
Hitherto,even
dry and hot,they have been everything that could be de=ired,

do not at present design to

and therefore in this respect we
have given up Calceolarias
ablest coufieres who
imitate some
of our
and substituted yellow-leavedGeraniums
altogether,
ceolaria
in their place; very prettyit ia true, but not equal to the Calfor a mass
of yellow or orange.
We may
here mention that from different reports which reach
Cloudless days are very delightful,
and thrice welcome
justnow,
us. Calceolarias do best when treated as we advised years ago
but it not nnfrequentlyhappens that they are
succeeded
to give them, if possible,any artificial heat.
by namely, never
mights on which clear nipping frosts are also an accompaniment ; Much also depends on putting the cuttingsin as late as possible
satisfied when
therefore the kindly work should proceeduninterruptedly.Let
under a cold pit or frame, for we are
they
it,however, be understood that these precautionaryhints apply begin to root after Christmas.
ment
They will stand rougher treatThese
to plantswhose
chiefly
before they root than afterwards.
cuttingsare
tropicalorigin renders them peculiarly
liable to injuryfrom absolute cold. Where
and
in
rough sandy loam
the opportunityot generallyIJ by 2 inches apart,
put
GREENHOUSE

AND

CONSERVATORY.

The weather is now

and many
very favourable,
may hesitate
in the work of introducingthe house plants while the promise
"of a late summer
is before them.
It is dangerous,however, to
trust anything to the weather
at this period of the year.

"

partialprotection exists,many
be

hardwooded

plantsmay

vantage
with adthey lift with little balls,to be
4 or 6 inches apart in March, and

allowed to stand out until the end of the month.

to earth pits at
to receive a littlepro-

transferred
so

as

September 14,1871. ]
tection.

Thus

JOUENAL

treated it is

rare

we

AND

HOBTIOOLTUEE

OF
have

on

them

any

the matter is of greatgeneralimportance we should be glad

to have, not opinions, but facts and experiencebearing on
either side of the question. Meanwhile, as the disease is likely
similar to the present,w"
have a season
we
to appear whenever
would earnestlyadvise,and especiaUywhere the kitchen garden
is small, to grow only the earlier small-topped kinds in the

QAEDEN.

KITCHEN

removed
the Pea haulm,
partially
and soon
will do so wholly,between our beds of Celery. The
shade hitherto,morning and afternoon,has done good in
ever
renderingwateringunnecessary, a matter of importance wherof
water is scarce, and also as saving a good amount
fore,
north and south,and, therelabour.
The beds of Celery run
stillthe
they had the fall sun before and after midday,

the

205

GAEDENBR.

As

flyor

insect.
As

COTTAGE

days shorten,we

garden,and to have the main supply for the mansion grown in

where fresh soil can
the field,
be afforded every year, and where
than the gardener
also more
be given between the rows
room
can
in general can
afford in his limited space, where
crop must

several crops
follow crop without a week's intermission,
or even
the strong afternoon sun,
the ground at once.
The same
rule would hold
be on
comparable
Inmust
Dwarf White
of our
earliest are best
The
in second and third, was taken
good as respectsTurnips and Carrots.
Celerythat came
and most
fair after ten days' earthing,with two or
easilyobtained from the garden, but without great
very
up, and it was
attention
old
kitchen
and
no
inches
in
garden will grow
preparation
three weeks' tjing-up previously; out of plants 16
height,a length of 9 inches was very good. When earthed-up Turnips and Carrots so sweet and rich in flavour as they will
tion,
where they only appear after so many
be in a field,
for three weeks such plantsought to have had nearly12 inches
years'rotamaiden
soil. If we
and in fresh,almost to them
wereof beautifully
blanched head as sweet as a nut.
after August
one
of Turnips we would never
use
We have tried many
kimis of Celery,reds,pinks,and whites, connoisseurs
them
could
obtain
old
if
and
from
an
we
and we have found them all solid,
garden
September
sweet,and good, if they were
shade

of

was

by

their sides,which

broke

importance. I3y mistake

some

were
vented
prehelp of sweet decomposed manure,
becoming dry, and received a slightshade in their
those who
earlier stages. We
would, however, recommend
have littleroom
to try a bed of the Incomparable, placingthe
plaints
We have had several complants about a foot apart each way.
from people who have acted on
our
recommendation,
who
with
it
so
cannot
slowly. Well,
it, grows
get on
say they
pend
there is this objectionto it it will come
very late,if you deIt should not be
out of doors.
on
seedlingplants sown
later than March, and then in pots or pans where there
sown
is a little heat, as in the coolest part of a Cucumber-box, and
it is as well to let it have a little heat after it is prickedout,
but a small shallow box would hold a large number
of plants
at 1 inch apart, and when
fully established they could be
post
pricked out under a slighttemporary protectionin rich comto
3 or 4 inches apart,and be lifted with balls so as never
feel moving. A bed from SJ to 4 feet wide will grow three rows
in perfection. Then
triflein comthe earthing-upis a mere
parison
kinds ; a foot in height may be
to the taller-growing
Prom
in
oontidered a fair average.
plantsnot quite so much
circumference
of a strongman, we have often seen
the arm
as
could
be
had
from
a far greater bulk
to
fit
go to table,than
a
man's
huge plantsas large in circumference
as
thigh, and
much
in height. These dwarf Celeries save
fullya yard or more
ground and labour, but we have nothing to say againstthe
stronger-growingsorts where ground and labour are of little
importance. We generallygrow a little of the strongerreds,
first sent out by Mr.
"o., for variety. The Incomparable was
Turner, of Slough.
Bdtore these showers came
the ground with us was
so dry
that it was
of littleuse
planting,unless we could have aiJorded
to water well. Now
shall fill up every vacant place with
we
The
Cabbagesand Wmter
Greens, also Lettuces and Endive.
earliest Broccolis,Brussels
ing
Sprouts, and Borecoles are lookwell,but it is advisable to have plenty in the shape of
plant?,as it is easier to pull up in spring when the
young
ground is waited than to suffer from any deficiencyin the
the ground is at all stiff and adhesive we
supply. Where
would
recommend
throwing it into ridges say 4 feet at ihe
base, and planting the sides and apex with Lettuces and
Endive.
They are not likelyto suffer from dryness now, but
they will have a better chance of escapingdamping in winter

grown

with the

"

"

than those on the level. Last year we lost most

of our Lettuces
and Endive planted near
the foot of walls and fences.
Severe
as the winter was, we
scarcelylost a plant of those thus planted
on

steepridges.
We

sowed
Our

as
should not so earnestlyadvocate
open field. We
do the enlargement of kitchen gardens,and the limitation
it generallyunderstood
that the bulk of such
of lawns, were
to be cultivated well in
roots and the rougher vegetableswere
an
open field. We know that the cultivator and the consumer
do not allude to those'
we
would be better satisfied. Of course
huge gardens that are seldom fullycropped, but show almost
at any time largequarters in fallow,and which generally,like

from
as

an

we

But the majority

farm land,bear only one
crop for the year.
be treated in a different way, the great
of kitchen gardens must
be
can
successions
much
and
how
How
questionbeing.
many
that is long continued the proobtained in littlespace ? When
duce
suffer in

must

quality.

OKNAMENTAL

DEPAETMENT.

said much
about plantsand propagating,
but our
can
only allude to one
pen has gone so fast that we
thing namely, placing cuttingsfor next year's flower garden
have
written
in pots and boxes.
to us to say that
Some critics
they like best to insert their cuttingsearlyin the open air,and
to liftand pot or box them when struck.
We say. Let everyoneintended

We

to have

"

best. We have often adopted th"

plan that answers
ever,
cuttingscould be taken off early. Even then, howing,
the plantsoften felt the taking-up,and potting,or box-

follow the
plan when

As we cannot well
this also involved time and labour.
low side shoots,very early,we
prefer
cuttings,even
and placing,
insertingthem thicklyin pots or boxes at once
thus save
them under glass before there is any danger. Ws
takingup and re-boxing. Very shallow boxes from 2 to 3 inches
will
do
for
most
When
the
wood
we
can
cuttings.
gethold
deep
of enables us to have them
deeper we are satisfiedif the soil
and

take

our

depth, and

is of that
B. F.

we

top-dressif

can

we

like afterwards*

"

TRADE

CATALOGUES

RECEIVED.

Downie, Laird, " Laing,Stanstead Park, Forest Hill,and 17, Sonthf

Frederick Street,
Edinburgh. DescnptiveCatalogueof Dutch Flower
"

Hoots.
Little (fcBallantyne,
Carlisle. Catalogue
of Floiccv BootSy "c.
W.
Knight, HaUsham, Sussex. Qeneral Catalogueof Nursenf
StocJc.
Charles H. Dickson, 23, Market Place, Manchester.
Catalogueof
Dutch Flovjcr Hoots.
James
Dickson " Sons,Newton
Nurseries, and 102, EastgateStreet,
Chester. Catalogue
of Boscs Cataloqne
ofBulhous FloirerBoots, t"c.
Dick Eadcljffe" Co., 129, High Holbo'rn,
logue
London, Yf.C" Cataof Dutch Bulbs,Dried Flowers,Fruit Trees,itc.
"

"

"

"

"

Eadishes

and Turnips, the latter to stand the

TO
CORRESPONDENTS.
earlykidney Potatoes have kept good after being
imtil next
they were
quite ripe; only one here and there N.B. Many questionsmust remain unanswered
week.
signsof disease. With respect to the advice lately
given as to cuttingdown the haulm
and removing it, in the
We havot
Cutting
and
Boeing
Holes
Glass
in
(Amateur Gardener).
of late Potatoes,several partieshave told us that the cutcase
ting-down experience in cutting glass except witli a glazier'sdiamond, but we
extract
for you
tlie following from
American
Any
contemporary
has no effect on
the crop so far as ripening is concerned
hard steel tool will cut glass with
kept freelymoist
great facilitywhen
for a month
the
; for after allowing the roots to remain
be used, or the
with camphor dissolved in turpentine. A drill-bow may
round
hand alone. A hole bored may
file. The
tubers were
be readily enlarged by
as
unripe, as soft and waxy, as when the haulm
by a flat
All we can say is that such results are contrary ragged edges of glass vessels may also be thus, easily smoothed
was
cut down.
file. Flat window
glass can readily be sawed
by
watch-spring saw by
to our experience. The earlyremoval
of the haulm
prevents aid of this solution.
In short, the most
brittle glass
be wrought
to a great extent the disease actingon the tubers. These tubers, almost
easily as brass by the use of cutting tools kept constantly
moist with
campborised oil of turpentine."
left in the soil,
or but
however late the kinds,will not increase,
Double
Antirrhinums
s-mi-double
tirrhinums
An(TF. H., ^yr)." Double
in size ; but according to all our experiencethey become
little,
unusual.
Some
are by
means
few years
advertised
were
more
mellow, and thus the tubers are
ripened and more
but they did not take, nor
ago by a London
are
nurseryman,
they ever
fitfor all parposes, though smaller in size than usual.
more
likelyto be popular.

winter.

taken up,
has shown

but

"

"

no

an

can

as

or

no

"

"

JOURNAL

203

HORTICULTURE

OF

AND

COTTAGE

[ September 14, 1871.

GARDENER,

cuttings of the growing points of the shoots inserted in sandy

with a surfacing of sand, placing in a cold frame, shading from
sun, and keeping close. After August, however, they require a
in
putting them
bottom heat of from 70" to 75^. We think you fail Jrom
we
too wet; the
too rich soil not
sufficiently
sandy, and from keeping them
Corrie
others
wish
to
know
and
SEEDS."
itfrs.
AiLANTHUS
GLANDULOSA
The
cuttings turning
soil should
be moist.
of the Geranium
cause
only
where these can be procured.
in the soil,and the
humus
is too much
black at the base and fallingdown
Division
Wall
Border"
(A lieccnt Subscriber). evil may
CoNCRETiNa
Peach
arise from watering with pond water
containing decomposing
We
would
Peach border.
A depth of 2 feet will be sufficient for your
the
in
not
the
cuttings
ground and let them take
matter.
Why
put
open
it ; if the subsoil is dry it will require nothing, if wet yoa
better in that way
not concrete
than when pamof themselves ? They do much
pered
care
the border.
must
in wintering.
drain it by laying the pipps in a slantingdirection across
in pots, and do not need a tithe of the care
drain
should be provided at the lowest point to carry off the
A main
a
M.
it on
Treatment
Grow
Phal.enopsis
grandiflora
(E.
JV.)-"
is in two
divisions you will require a wall, not
If your house
water.
or
cork. Oak wood is to be preferred,removing the bark,
block of wood
It should be 9 inches thick to the ground line, and be carried
otherwise.
ing
the block ; then put on the plant,coverand place a littlefibrous peat on
"up with 4A-inch work as high as your front wall. The division wall will
the plant firmly with
the root slightlywith
sphagaum, and secure
support the plate of your glass division.
ing
wire. Sprinkle lightlywith water two or three times a-day accordcopper
fX. F)." We
NiEL
RosE
should advise you to let
MARtCHAL
IN A ViNERY
low for this
name
is rather
Tho temperature you
to the season.
Grow
it at present without stopping the
The
alone the vigorous Marechal.
damp heat
Orchid, but it will succeed, only do not keep it too wet.
shoots, but shorten them back, about the end o" February, to well-ripened will lessen the necessity for sprinkling. Give it the warmest
part of the
wood.
Do not then take too much
off,as it requires long pruning. An
house.
be too much,
occasional temperature of 70" in the late vinery would not
Pot the plants
Echeveria
uetallica
glauca
Treatment
of
(H.
T.).though 60" would be far preferable; but as your plant is in a late vinerv
dung, one part
in a compost of lightloam
two parts, one
part old cow
all
weather, when
at will not be kept at 70^ for long, except in hot sunny
Keep
one
part sand, with good drainage.
light. Roses will crocks or broken bricks,and
plants can stand additional heat owing to additional
in winter
water
and
no
give
in a greenhouse in a lightairy position,
them
not endure a forcingheat in the short day? of winter.
growing, water as the
except to keep the leaves from shrivelling. When
Spider
Leaves
Infested
Red
with
(C- R )." The whole of the leaves
soil becomes
dry. It may be planted out of doors at the end of May. and
Gent are
badly infested with red spider. Syringe tnem every alternate
is very
fine as an edging plant for beds ; take up and pot before severe
to the gallon of
of 3 ozs. of soft soap
night for a week with a solution
weather sets in.
"water at a temperature of 120", and water at the root with 2 ozs. of guano
(2*.B. S.).
Geraniums
-flowering
Stopping
and
Zonal
Double
^0 a gallon,giving a good soaking.
the last stopping should be given at once, and
For flowering in November
Wintering
when
PoRTULACA
(Inexperience)."The majority of those used in
of the time
six weeks
of bloom
removed
the trusses
up to within
of them
are
perennial, as P. Thollusoni, you require them to flower. If the plants were recently stopped do not
gardens are annual, but some
mixed
with crocks and old lime
which is grown in a lightopen soil,loam
stop again now.
rubbish, abundant drainage, and a little peat, giving only a little water
Thriving
not
Van-Volxemi
(Joseph Clark). Having had it
Tacsonia
"occasionallyto keep the plants from shrivelling. The shoots should be
three years without progressing,we would make for it a border 2 or 3 feet
trained to a trellis.
it with a compost of two
and
2
and
feet
drainingit
well,
filling
deep,
wide,
Eaten
Chorozema
Leaves
(Idem)." The leaf sent appears to be eaten by
parts fibrous locim, and one part each of peat and leaf soil,adding sharp
of a specimen.
cannot
but which we
some
caterpillar,
say in the absence
as to keep the soil moist,
so
sand
freely. Plant out at once, and water
the plant on that without
At night, after dark, place a white sheet, stand
and
but
the shoots grow train them about a foot from the
no
as
more,
shaking it,and then shake briskly,and, if a caterpillaror beetle, it will
glass,though it puts out shoots with us and grows partlybeneath a stage
be secured and
lall on the sheet and may
destroyed. It may, however,
flowers
and fruits quite as freelyas on the roof,
and
occupied by plants,
be slugs ; search for them after dark with a lantern.
of fruit and flowers.
The other Passion-flowers
though it is there a mass
It
is
little
the
use
will
in
same
strivingto grow them fine in pots.
in
a
treat
It
winter
Wintering
Hoya
caenosa
(Idem)."
greenhouse
way.
than
will keep it from
water
shrivelling.
In a border
they are magnificent. Water freelyin summer.
quite safelyif you give no more
name
; it
Sphere is no necessity to shade or syringe for the cause
you
Plants
Coloured-leaved
lEve)."YouT questions are rather indefinite.
the plant go off. Water
sparingly,giving The plant which is red is, doubtless, Alternantheri magnifica; the one in
would
only tend to make
amoena
only jast sufficient to keep the leaves plump or fresh, and do not syringe black maybe
be Alternanthera
Coleus niger. If not, it may
until the plants begin to grow.
from now
which is very dark this season.
Glass
House
Hartley's rough plate
are
Early
CucuiiBSR
firm
for
(Ingiiirer)."
Dublin
Fire
a Kitchen
from
Heating
(An Amateur)." The
ness.
glass will answer
perfectly,and the quarter-inch is the preferable thickheat your
greenhouse from the kitchen fire if
quite right. You cannot
than sheet for breakage.
Thin plate glass is worse
the
of
floor
is
of
the
of
than
the
level
greenthe
boiler
the top
higher
of level is small, and the top of the boiler is
Trees
If the difference
Beech
bouse.
near
Boeder
Planting
(Lizzie). The Beech trees,we
house,
close,and you could have a slight rise to the farther end of the greenpresume, shade the border, and the plants put in require to be such as
Ivy,
by raisingthe pipes above the floor,and taking the return-pipe to
them.
There is nothing that will look so well as
will grow under
Hot water will
of the boiler,then it would
on
the soil, the bottom
will thrive. It will grow
do,not otherwise.
because it is the only thing which
A small boiler,
not go down.
conical or saddle-backed, costing about "3, and
bark. We
would
carpet the
but not on the Beech, owing to the smooth
86 feet,
for such a house;
be necessary
with Stachys
54 feet of 4-inch piping,would
ground with Rsegner'sIvy, margin the border all around
cost
from
frost.
That
dd to lOci. per foot,
of
ihe
would
24
and
Beech
out
to
from
to
on
both
sides
would
width
of
18
Janata
the
barely keep
iuches,
the border
if good piping. We
as
would
make
you
propose, only all
trees have circles in diameter half that of the border from the St^ichysto
is
As economy
ashes.
use
no
through or wider inside, and we would
the Beech trees.
The circles should be twice their diametiir apart, and
would
object, a small stove,if of iron, with a flat head, better of brick
fillthem with Vinca elegantissima.
we
your
or
iron for the top to receive a vessel of water, would suit
with
a stone
of
a
ceolarias
CalVarious
(A Young Gardener)." The best plan of getting stock
and economy,
cleanliness,efficiency,
your purpose. If yoa wish to combine
a
frame
for
for bedding is in October, before frost,to prepare
middle
of the house, and
or
have
a
tiled patnway either at the back
situation.
Put
in about
cuttings,choosing a sheltered and well drained
White

Everlasting
them
to the
"the flesh of the
could not identifyit

submitting
eats

(K A. S,)."They may ba bleached by

of burning sulphur. The caterpillarthat
leaves," is the larva of a small motli,but
unless we saw
specimens.
Flowers

from

fumes

loim

Kose

bright

"

"

"

"

"

of good moderately rich loam

with about a third of leaf soil well
with an inch of sand ; then, before frost,take cuttings
mixed, and cover
of the growing shoots
the growing point, removing
with two joints and
the lowest pair of leaves ; insert the cutting well up to the leaves and at
about lA inch apart,water after putting in, and give protectiononly from
in severe
frost,
frost protect with a double covering of mats
and straw,
to remain
them graduand allow them
until a general thaw, then remove
ally.
In mild weather give abundance
of air. At the end of March
pare
preia the open ground a place like a Celery trench, and plant in it the
Calceolarias at 8 or 4 inches apart, watering well, and protecting from
frost by mats
over
hoops. In May plant out where they are to remain,
Dilliare
liftingwith good balls. The best Peas for sowing in November
istonfa'sEarly and
Sangster'sNo. 1. It is not a good plan to burn the
them
of Onions to make
noses
keep, though it may be done if care be
taken not to overheat the bulb nor burn too closely.
Bulbs
Second
Year
(S. TF.)." As a rule they are not
the
Tuberose
weakened
so
worth keeping for a second year's flowering. They are
by
to
flowering as scarcely to be good for anything, though by taking care
them
flower fairly
have them well ripened the first year we have known
6 inches

"

"

the second

season.

FLOWERING
AFTER
LOPHOSPERMUM
(Idem)." Cut away all the old bare
fresh shoots from the base, and keep the plants dry but
parts,encourage
without flagging. Keep them in a greenhouse.
Hyde
Park
(Sarah Ann, Clara, and Amy Alice). A report will appear
"

in

week

or

two.

Eucalyptus
and
Acacia
Mandevilla
lophantha,
buaveolens,
Out
Doors
Wintering
of
(Delta). Except in a dry soil your prospects
of wintering these safelyeven
with protection is not great,though it is
likelythey would succeed against a south wall with protection. As you
have duplicates it is well worth trial,and we
should like to know the
in a greenwould probably winter
results. Sanchezias and AUamandas
house
if you kept them
water than sufficient to
dry, giving no more
maintain
vitality. Six ornamental-leaved
Begonias to grow in a greenhouse
are"
Marshalli,Victor Lemoine, Masterpiece, Amabilis, Picturata,
from
Now
is a good time to plant out Roses
and Beltine Rothschild.
established before winter.
Mulch
before frost with
pots, they become
litter.
"

"

Propagation
of Lemon-scented
and
Verbena
Heliotrope
(J.C. B.).
The Aloyaia citriodora (Sweet-scented Verbena) and Heliotrope strike

the
flue from a stokehole sunk at A so low
tiles a small
underneath
be 18 inches
below the bottom of the flue.
may
that the bars of the furnace
have ventilation at the top as well as in front. Openings in the
You must
of the
at each end
and
would
so
a
good
opening
would
back wall
do,
house under the apex of the roof.
North
Seedling,Dr.
Yorkshire
for
Strawberries
(TF".
D.)." Keens'
a
loot apart each
Hericart de Tbury. Plant now
Hogg, and Vicomtesse
loam is
adhesive
not
a
a
do
moderately
require strong clay;
They
way.
best. Trench the ground before planting. Mulch the surface during the
enclose
If you
summer.
twenty stamps with your address, and order
the " Garden
Munual," you will have it post free.

Cracking
(Sussex Vicar). The box arrived in a
Grapes
Halp-ripe
deplorable state,with the juice dripping from it. Cut half through each
lateral" thut is,down to the pith between the bunch and the main stem,
The sap
and keep the house as cool and as freelyventilated as you can.
is suppliedto the berries faster than they can swell.
"

Vermin
Eaten
by
before heard
Mushrooms
(A Subscriber]. We never
of red spider attacking Mushrooms, but snails and woodlice are to be
expected and to be guarded against, the first by looking for them at
by trapping in small pots with a little
night with a lantern, the second
We think you
in them, along with a piece of potato or carrot.
soft moss
as
to the red spider in a cellar. We
be mistaken
rather in
must
are
hardly know whether you have had a
doubt as to your success, as we
heat in a Mushroom
quart or a quarter" a vast difference. We like more
the spawn is running, that is high
bed than 60"^at spawning time. When
enough. We should not think of making a bed anywhere from dung in
were
knew
we
what
unprepared state,unless from experience we
an
It would be better to have the dung in a good state before taking
about.
it to the cellar" that is,all the extra steam gone, not wasted, and in that
it is neither wet nor
nice positionwhen
dry. We thiuk with you that
too wet
a
bed was
rather bad state,as then you cannot
very likelyyour
will heat
When
tolerablydry,not dry, and well beaten,the manure
water.
runs
freely.
enough and keep a regular heat longer, and the spawn
into a good handful of
too wet we
have wrapped the bits of spawn
When
short dryish litter before putting it into the bed, aud tho plan answers
bed, but do
well. Keep these things in mind in making the proposed new
the
not trouble yourself about
spawn in the old bed, as to how yon are to
bed.
Tha
get it out. Let it remain, or go and get fresh spawn for the new
seedling Pansies have their petals eaten into holes probablyby the Pansy
We
know
of
no
remedy.
violie}.
fly(Agromyza
"

"

OP

JOUENAL

September 14.1871. ]

AND

HORTICULTURE

Greenhouse
Falling
{A Subscriber). Very likely
the
From
and
shrivel up from
want of water.
be dry. After fairlystoning, a
-time the fruit is set the soil should never
a free
swelling ;
to secure
good watering to trees in-doors is necessary
not watering all the border at once,
but at two or three times, with a day
A thorough drenchingall over is apt to throw the fruit
or two between.
"off.
Nectarines

in

"

drop

Nectarines

"Vour

quite
a
Gardener's
Moving
Paying
Expenses
{Tyro).~ Yon were
as you
when he came,
of the man
right in paying the travellingexpenses
it,"to see and to be seen," before being engaged. In this respect
express
a
When
set a worthy example that ought to be generallyimitated.
you
a
servant
wish is exoressed to see
before engaging him, then equity
new
should be paid, whether he is
"requiresthat the man's travellingexpenses
where this law
"engaged or not. Wo have known
very distreasingcases
"of equity has been totallydisregarded, and the most defenceless had to
to
him
A
happened not long ago
case
a great loss.
put up with what was
gether,
altoin which, after a long jnurney, the gentleman declined to see the man
made other arrangements. All we shall
having in the meantime
to serve
such an employer on any terms.
say is,we would have declined
do not
be, but common
We
know what the legalityof the matter may
equity requires that the gentleman who wishes to see a servant before
-engaging him, ought to pay the travellingexpenses at least. It is also
to pay
the travelling expenses
of a servant by rail or other
common
in which garcases
in going to a new
deners
means
place. We know of many
they received
In other cases
have had all expenses
paid at once.
too proud to mention it. In a few
nothing, chiefly because they were
There
is, therefore,so
asked.
refused when
such expenses were
-cases
far as we know, no general rule on the subject that would at all take the
Still in most respectable
place of anything like a legalenactment.
gardener his travellingexpenses,
places the practice is to pay the new
without any previous understanding on the subject ; but it is best
even
in every way that all such matters should be settled before moving, as
"what would be a trifleto a gentleman, would in the case of long distances
be often a serious thing to a gardener. To lessen the expense of moving
of great sacrifice in sellingfurniture,"c.
cases
have known
of many
-we
cannot now
enter, as to
This would open a wide question on which we
the propriety of gardeners' houses being famished, and a per-centage
charged for the use of all that was bulky. If no arrangement as to money
lias been made, and your
new
gardener is likelyto suit,we would advise
paying the moderate expenses of moving, as that encouragement in the
than repaid in that attention
will certainlybe more
of a good man
-case
of kindness and a feeling
which nothing stirs up so thoroughly as a sense
of gratitude.
on
Scale
Myrtle
(Idem)." With regard to your fine Myrtle which has
hrown scale on it,you cannot do better than wash off the scale
"so much
tried is to
water.
we
ever
The best and simplest cure
Tvith weak soap
size or jelly glue water
just as strong as, when
you put your
make
some
in it,and squeeze
them together,you will find a little
inger and thumb
"stickiness between
them.
Dip the head of the plant in such water, or
syringe it well all over, and place it from twenty-four to forty-eighthours
in a shady place,then rub the dry head of the plant through your fingers,
and much
of the glue,and insects, too, will fall off ; then syringe heavily,
-with the plant laid down and turned over and over, with clear water at
120". If there be only a few scale insects,it will be best to wash them off
with weak soap water, and then syringe with clear water. If there are only
It
advertised in our columns.
a few, you
may also try the phytosmegma
no filth,
is just the thing for a lady to use
merely to blow through a little
_

"

-tube.
Border
for
a Fruit
Planting
(Idem). Whatever you fillyour narrow
less.
The Pyrethrum is
or
'l"orderwith will injure your fruit trees more
seed
We
could easilysatisfyyou with
best obtained from
every
year.
be
splendid in spring and early in
bedding plants, and bulbs would
A row
purple, and
of Clarkia pulchella would give you rose
summer.
behind it would give a row of orange, and, if
Peroffskianum
Erysimum
you cut off the seed-pods,would last the season.
"

Tiles
House
in
Paving
Orchard
(G. C.)." The coolness of the tiles
is shining, to the
the sun
in the ground vinery must be owing, when
"shade of the foliageor the amount
of air. With your opening for air at
would
have greatlyreas
each end at the top in such a season
this,we
Mduced, except at midday, the 4-inch openings between the bricks on which
the vinery rests.
Everything is late this season, and to ripen fruit at all
heat by lessening the amount
sun
isarlyand well we would shut in more
or
We' would also sprinkle the tileswith sulphur,
rather
of air at bottom.
brush them over with a paint of water, soft soap, and sulphur. Even the
(topair we would much reduce from 3 p.m. to 9 a.m.

from
the
think the Vine has recovered
Lifted
Vine (D. M.). We
the growth is better. Well ripen the wood this year, and we
will have fruit in the next.
When
Vines are
twenty years
think you
than to liftand replant. Young
old it is much
better to plant young ones
Vines will bear well the second year, and are far superior to old Vines
lifted.
"

lifting,as

Stove

and

Patent

-conservatory. The

Fuel
fumes

(
from

)."No fiueless stove is fitfor heating

the fuel always injure the plants.

TaANsPLANriNG
Apple
Trees
Propagating
Bedding
Plants
(J. W. L.). After the middle of September it is well to put Geranium
benas
Vercuttings in boxes or pots,and place them in a frame, pit,or house.
and plants of a similar nature
strike in a sweet
mild hotbed of
until fully
from 70" to 75". The Apple trees you
ought not to remove
all the roots practihalf the leaves have fallen,and in liftingpreserve
cable.
The
Geranium
leaf enclosed to us belongs, we
think, to Culford
and especiallyflorists'flowers,from
plants,
Beauty, but we cannot name
leaves.
"

COTTAGE

207

GARDENER.

too littlewater,improper soil,and

ineflicient drainage. Which

of these
ol

cannot
is the right one
we
say, as you give ua no particulars
your treatment.
weeds
Sand
Lawn
(Mrs. A. S.}."The lawn sand does certainlydestroy
on
lawns, especiallyPlantain, but our experience with it is limited.
Hative
Violette
(English
Peach
is
old
but
fine
Various
(Mrs. C.)." An
do not.
Galande), of hardy constitution,succeeding where most others
Red
Rover is a good Rose, fiery red, and succeeds well agamst a wall,
Perpetuals.
and so does
Glory of Waltham, a crimson ; both are Hybrid
all the canes
contrast
well with the Tea varieties. Remove
Either would
they have borne fruit
of the Raspberries of last year's growth, whether
of these
this year or not, retaining only those of the current year, and
select about six of the strongest on each stool,and cut all others away
a
foot,pull them
close to the ground,or, if further from the stool than
left,and secure
Remove
about a foot of the points of the canes
Ciiuses

up.

to stakes after the leaves have fallen.

Potatoes
Topping
(S. C.)."The chief objection to topping Potato
the growth of the tubers, and if the
is that it tends to check
haulms
second growth,and so
about half-grown it is apt to cause
Potatoes are
too
are
of large haulm
bring on
supertuberation.The chief causes
"
Doings of
and close planting. See Mr. Fish's remarks in
fresh manure
this day.
the Last Week"
Doors (Subscriber,Dublin)." The wood being
a Vine
out
of
Placing
it out of
brown and hard, it will not injure the Vine in the least to place
exposure.
doors. Put itin front of a wall or fence with a southern or warm
to
or
in
a
house,
it
to plant before winter, to place
It will be necessary
ticular
protect the roots from frost. Cobaea scandena does not require any parnot so
but
the
root,
at
in winter.
rather
treatment
dry
it
Keep
maturely.
the wood to shrivel or the leaves to turn yellow preso
as to cause
much
It will flower nest year. Gloire de Dijon is a good chmbmg
exposed.
Rose for an arch if the situation is not very much
them

you may
Fruit
Trees
you name
Select
(F. M",)."At the distance
or
the free stock,the Pear on the
their own
have pyramidal trees on
Seedling,
Dnmelow's
"c.
Cox's
:
Pomona,
Lord
Suffield,
Apples
Pear,
PitBedfordshire
Foundling, Gooseberry, Cox's Orange Pippin, Melon,
maston
Pippin. Pears : Benrre d'AmanliS,
Nonpareil, and Blenheim
Beurre
Hardy,
Beurre
Chretien,
of Jersey, Williams's Bon
Louise Bonne
Plus
Louise, Jean de Witte, Bergamotte Esperen, and Ne
Diel, Marie
want an
If you
MeuriB.
earlykind, have Doyenne d'Ete,or if oil ^ for
Plums:
Early Orleans, July Green Gage, ^oj^en
stewing, Catillac.
Englebert. Belgian Purple, Kirke's,Coe's Golden
Gage, Victoria,Prince
Drop, and Jefferson. Cherry : May Duke ; and Nut : Cosford.
Planting
Seaside
(W. H. S.)."With one failure before you it is well
known
not to be too speculative,but the following trees and shrubs are
japonicus, Hollies, doubleto stand
well" viz..Tamarisk, Euonymus
ovalifolium, Sambucua
flowering Furze, Evergreen Oak, Ligustrum
racemosa
(scarlet-berried
Elder), Laurustinus ; and for givingshelter
plant thickly of the common
Elder, than which nothing does better,ana
Ontario Poplar, and with shelter of this kind you may have Finns austriand
sylvestris; Picea nobilis, Pinsapo, Nordmanniana,
Laricio,
aca,
; Junipers, Arbutus,
grandis, Fraseri; Cupressua Lawsoni, macrocarpa
Daphnes, Cotoneasters, and Berberis ; Thuja Lobbii, WeUinstonia gigantea, Thujopsis borealis,Sycamores,
Laurel, and Yew.

Acacias, Elms, Beech, Portugal

tember
end of SepTrees
Rose and
Fruit
(St.Edmund). "The
Rose
is much
trees. Apricots, Peaches, "c.
too soon
to remove
ber,
We
should
defer liftinguntil the end of October or oeginning of Novemthe removal.
allowing the leaves on the fruit trees to partiallyfall before
serving
In lifting,
be careful to take up the trees with good roots,prethat
all the fibres and soil firmly adhering to them, but remove
the influence of a drying arr by
which is loose,and keep the roots from
Give a gentle watering after planting,but not if the
covering with mats.
far as the
the stems
as
with litter round
soil be very wet, and mulch
that have attained their full
You may
roots extend.
gather Tomatoes
size,and they will ripen in-doors perfectly.
closure
in your enGrapes
Caterpillar
on
(S. S.)."The only caterpillar
that of Opadia funebrana,
smashed.
It is,in all probability,
was
which, though most partial to Plums, does attack other fleshy fruits m
other than
be suggested,
the autumn
months.
We fear no remedy can
The
the removal
species does not feed at all
of all infected bunches.
Removing

upon the leaves of the Vine.

and
Nectarines
(J.B.)." The best way to
Ants Attacking
Peaches
destroy them is to search-out their haunts and pour into them ammoniacal
liquor from the gasworks ; or guano will drive them away, if it
will thin
do not destroy them.
This persistedin throughout the summer
a
their numbers, and, when
the fruit begins to ripen, with a brush draw
line about an inch broad along the bottom of the wall and the stem " J""
this
and
repeat
will
not
which
over
they
pass,
trees,employing gas tar,
them
known
lasts.
We have
a-week as long as the fruit season
once
the line complete
over
the wall and up the ends, therefore make
come
tried
equal
portions
proat the bottom, top, and
ends of the wall. Have
you
verted
with an insaucers,
and laid on
of arsenic and honey mixed
so aa
wood
of
between,
thin
three
pieces
saucer
over, and two or
to permit the ants to enter ?

"

Propagating
and
Poinsettia
Clematis
Jacemanni
(Clematis)."It is
now
high time to return the Poinsettia under glass,giving it a light airy
position in a cool stove. The Clematis may be propagated by cutting off
into sandy soil,and covering them
the ripened side shoots,putting them
to layer the firm side shoots in
with a hand glass. A safer plan is now
ing
pots sunk in the ground, making a cut at a joint as for Carnations, layerthat part in the pot, and securing the shoot with a peg. The layers

will be well rooted in twelve months,

Failing
Gloxinias
the
(Disappointment). From
sent,which is very fragmentary, we fail to recognise
of insect pests,and can only conclude that the plants
or
in too cold and too dry a strncture,and have had too much

Achimenes
and
of Achimenes

head
any
aare

recent

grown

attack

"

Name

op

Plant

POTrLTRY,
WORKING

Pa via macrostachya.
(P.,Jfor/oZfc)."

BEE,

AND

CLASS

PIGEON
POULTRY

CHRONICLE.

PRIZES.

for leading very many

people
I fear I am
Besponsiele
as
it will easilybe believed I feel great
into poultry-keeping,
stated
correspondents.
this
as
interest in
by your kindly
subject
I am
quite sure money would not be wanting, and I venture to
*' Wiltshire
find
Hector"
can
trusted
that
if
our
suggest
time to *' lick" the thing into shape, and will issue the needful
dozens
shall all confide in him, and there must be
we
appeal,
give their guinea to help so
of true fanciers who would gladly

208

JOTJENAL

good

OF

HOBTICULTUEE

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

[ September 14, 1871.

object. I shonld be pleased,for one, to do so ; and

SpangledHamburgh cock,for the best Black or SpangledPolish cock,
good chaplain should start such a Christian" for and for the best Game cock among the Duckwinged, Black,and Brassyor
stated that where
a bird
winged,or White and Pile. It is expressly
ought to be a Christian
undertaking?
as the first
PerhapsI may have a word or two farther by-and-by ; I only takes one of these piecesof platethe money prizespecified
for that jiarticular
class will be witnheld.
of "5 is
An
extra
the
should
be
prize
worth
prizes
say now,
winning. I have been
for the best Buff Cochin
offered by Mr. H. Lloyd,jun.,
cock of the
disgustedsometimes
nay, often" in reading schedules of sowho must reside within twenty
present year, bred by tbe exhibitor,
called
Horticultural Shows
at the smouuts
Cottagers'
offered. miles of
winner of the cup for the best Black or
The
Birmingham.
"
Lady Bountiful
presents a " specialprize" of 5s.,or at the Brown-breasted
Game
cock will receive an extra pnze of "3 3\\ from
outside 7s. 6d., and so on.
I often wonder
people are not
Messrs. M. Billing,
Son, and Co., and the winner of tbe other cup for
to
contend
for their guineas in plate,and then offer Game
ashamed
cocks a silver medal, value ."3 3s.,from
Mr. Ottley.Mr. J.
to
Watts
will give,
which are tbe rule,and at
in addition to any other prize,
"3 3s. for the best
poor "_people the few shillings
the same
time expect (hem
o
f
hens
and
few
to be thankful to any amount
or
a
amateurs
extra prize
p.iir
Hamburgh
an
pullets,
for
of "4 4s. for the best pen of Black
East Indian Ducks.
The number
their very small mercies.
And, as there oujjhtto be an entrance-fee,
of
class
has
been
curtailed
the
omission of the following
I would
prizes
by
slightly
suggest that it should not, it possible,
The fourth for Partridge
the fourth for Silver:
Cochin cockerels,
exceed Is.
There are many
difficulties
that will easilysuggest
pencilledHamburgh cocks, tbe fifth and sixth for Goldeu-spangted
themselves
to all acquainted with the subject,but"I think
Hamburgh cocks, the fifth and sixth for Silver-spangled
Hamburgh
theymight be overc ime, and trust theymay be, if the matter
tbe sixth for
cocks,the iifth for hens or pulletsof the same
variety,
be followed up.
L. Weight.
of tho
Blacl^hreasted Bed Game
cockerels,the sixth for hens or pullets
the sixth for Brown
and other Bed
same
and tho
cockerels,
variety,
fifth for Duckwiug or other Grey and Blue cockerels.
The
schedule
for Pigeonshas been enlarged and improvedby tbo
MANCHESTER
AND
LIVERPOOL
TOULTRY
an

who

bnt
it would

om-

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

opening of
and
Any

SHOW.
It

was

to
pleasing

classes for young

Carriers of the presentyear
other colour ;" for Barbs bred in 1871 ; and

''

find tbat this year not

onlydid

ponltry departmentfar exceed those of former

general qualityof the specimensexhibited had

Dragoons;

the entries in tlie

bnt that the

which

years,

there

*'
"

for

Black

"

Silver

third

is

prizeof 10s. being allotted to the Fantails,of

Over and above the class
generallya large muster.

distinctions a few members

of tbe Birmingham Philoperistcron
proved.
imSociety
proportionably
The
offer three silver cups, value "3 3s. each, for the best pair of Carriers,
weather on the openingday was
fine,and
exceedingly
the attendance far exceeded that at most
tbe
best
and
of
for
the
best
of
Fantails,
the
pair
previonsmeetings.All
pair Dragoons. Tho
arrangements
for the ponltry were
excellent,
Societygive a silver cup, valne "3 3s.,as
thongh there was not Birmingham Columbarian
snfficienthelpto pen the birds on their arrival so
for
the best pair of Antwerps, and one
of the same
extra prize
an
as was
expeditiously

desirable.
Grej BcrTcinCISwere

for the best

amount

pair of

any

new

or

distinct

enumerated

not
variety

in tbe list. An
extra prizeof "3 35. is offered by Mr. J. H. Dawes
of the
nnexceptionably
so, many
pens beingevidently
injnred
a failing
materially
by overforcing,
that, for the best Pouter cock ; a silver medal, value ."3 3s., by Mr. Ottley,
lite all excessive repletion,
for the best Pouter
hen ; and a silver cup, value "3 3s.,by Mr. K.
in ponltry.The
bringswith it leg-disease
class for
Silyer-Grey
Dorkingswas quitea failure. Heavy trimming Fulton,for the best pair of Barbs hatched during the present year.
m
tbe Sj,atusJt
The entries in all departments
will close on Saturday,
October 28th^
c'ass w.is noticeable to a great extent, and good
pens
were
and intendingcompetitorsshould
make
this account.
on
j assed by ihe Ju Igesentirely
The CoeJiiiis
applicationto Mr. LythalL
were
by far the best clasEes seen as yet this year, Mr. Taylor'sBuffs and
the Secretai"y,
for copies
of the lists and regulations.
Mr. Sidgwick's
and shown
Partiilge
being most praiseworthy,
in absolutely
faultlesscondition. The Dark Brnlimas were
far superior
to
PIGEON
PALACE
AND
the Light-feathered,
POULTRY
and, in fact,the Judges seemed to be perplexed CRYSTAL
to find any pen that was
of the third prize
a worthyrecipient
for the
SHOW.
latter variety. Although the Game classes abounded with
good birds, We have received a
the bulk were
copy of tlie schednle of tbe above Show, -whicb
either suffering
from too recent dubbing of the cocks,or,
of
is to be held on November
14th, 15th,I6ih, and 17th. in the nave
on
the other hand, were
by far too young and undeveloped
for competition.
Last
the
for an eshibition of this land.
a
Palace, place unsurpassed
Samhurf/hsgenerally
the best-filledclasses in the Show,
were
the Pigeons onlywere
ings
surroundand the lights
and
there,
placed
the Blocks,the Golden-spangled,
year
and the Pencilled of both varieties
of the Show, that the poultry
are
added so much
to the success
beingsuch as have made the Lancashire breeders so celebrated for

good,bnt

not

this year also to be exhibited in the nave.

their specimens of these local favourites. Polands, which at most
Seldom
have
valuable prizes
better classified or
more
we
seen
but badlyrepresented,
are
here not onlyshown in abundwere
ance
for poultry,
offered. There are thirty-fivo
silver cups and extra prizes
but of an excellence for which we were
quiteunprepared. The
and
for
and
to nearly
amounting
twenty-four
Pigeons,
uniform
prizts
money
of the crests of the pulletsmust
highperfection
be especially
"1000.
We
littleexpected
three years ago, when we firstdrew attentioa
referred to.
Cn'i-e-Cmirs were
abundant in the Variety
as were
class,
would
the
of
that
to
want
a
one
Poultryand Pigeon Show in London,
and also some
Malays far beyond mediocrity,
first-rate"White Dorkings.
in so short a time have achieved
the success
and taken the pufition
Bantams
were
matured
hardlysufficiently
to be seen
to advantage,
has done.
dubbingcombined with heavymoulting havingtold considerably amongst our annual shows that the CrystalPalace Show
This is due in a great measure
to the energiesof the Committee, the
againstthem.
confidence placed in them by exhibitorsand friends,
and to the fact that
Of both the Rouen
and Aylesbury
Duels it-isdifScult to speak too
highly in fact,both varieties have rarelybeen better shown. Geese Lout'oa is in most cases in direct communication by rail with neaidy
shows

"

in Great

town

Britain.

every
classes,but the Tiirlce;/s
were
so
scarcely
There
ara
separateclasses for old and young birds in most of the
of the previonsexhibitions this
year.
varieties ; the cocks shown
and pairs
of hens or pullets.This
siugly,
We understand that the erection of all the
pens, and their protection is
for last year in many
classes old and young
a great improvement,
from sudden
storms
of awnings over
by means
the pens, but still
The
have
three
together.
competed
prizesof "3, "1 10s.,
poultry
for tbe comfort of the visitors,
snfficientroom
leaving
carried out
were
and IO5.
have been increased
The Pigeon prizes
to "'2,"1, and 10s.
under the direction of the Messrs. Jennison,of Belle
Vue, Manchester, The
with four cups distributed
Dorkings are divided into eightclasses,
and we cannot but suggest that
many of tbe Lancashire and Yorkshire
them.
Tbe cocks have a separate class,
and a cup to compete
amongst
committees might enhance greatly"
the successes
of their shows by
have
for.
Cochins have ten classes and eight
Tbe Whites
cups.
becomingclose copyists. The feedingand wateringof the birds were
with
four
number
three.
Dark
out
next
of
this
Brahmas
classes,
come
in all cases
carried out; and
very carefully
although so many other
the same
number.
them.
There are sis cups hetwenn
Spanish
of interestwere
objects
presentedon all sides,we think no portionof Light
have three cups and four classes. French
aredividtd into four classes
the Show was more
generallyinspected
by the publicthan the poultry and
heu
cock
and
two
be
shown
to
are
together.
Hamburghs
cups.
department.We published last week a list of the awards,as well as
Game
the Duckwings competiugby themselves.
have eight classes,
the names
of the Judges.
There
three cups and
extra
are
an
prize distributtd amongst tho
were

good

very superiorin both

as those shown
at some

Game.

THE

BIRMINGHAM

POULTRY

The
prizelists for the next of tbe great annual
of the series
which
BingleyHall the twenty-third
"

"

on

the 25th of November, are in circulation,

and will,
have no doubt,
we
be regarded with satisfaction
by every well-wisher of this important
undertaking.They are more
comprehensive than any which have
been previously
the Council havingevidently
issued,
sparedno painsto
rentier them as useful and generally
acceptableas possible.

The

principal
pointsto be

or other articlesof
best Cochin-Cbina

best Black

or

mentioned

plate,are
cock, and

that ten-guineasilvercups,
are
offered for the best Dorkingcock, for the
for the best Brahma
cock ; and for the

Brown-breasted Game
cock ; "5 silver cups for the best
the best Pencilled Hamburgh cock, for the beat

Spanish cock, for

pen.

Game

ones

pullets. And

are

is

money
a

classes, and

into three

separate class

three
have

Bantams

young

divided

are

There

and
Any variety,

exhibitions at
commences

Polish

best

SHOW.

for

prizesin

cup

Malays, and

addition.

Black

a
or

for

tho

cup for
Brown

class for old birds, cock and hen ; all tho

as
singlecockerels and paireof hens or

to bo shown
here we
find

novelty a
"

cup

is to be

givenfor

the

how
breeders know
Bantam
it is to obtain these birds if they wish to get some
good
necessary
dischickens. Prizes are never
offered to them, still a greatmany
are
triliuted in differentparts of tbe counti-y,
and, no doubt, wc shall fitd
best

pairof

Wheaten

good entry of

hens.

The

Game

tbree Sulling
useful variety. There
are
each class. Last
year nearlythe
in these classes changed owner?.
is, perhaps,the most
comprehensiveever

this very

classes with eight money

whole

All

of the birds entered

Pigeon schedule

prizesin

it does nearlyevery variety.Pouters

as
issued,including

come

first

210

JOURNAL

OF

AND

HOETICULTUEE

Hill " Co.

he, Mrs. F. Stephens; J. T. Parker; T.
; L. Watkins.
c, J. Phillips.
(Any variety)." 1, J. Collier.
2, S. H. Stow.
3, M.
Richards, jnn. c. Rev. J. Worthinpton ; R. B. Stafford.
Selling
Class.~1. Birch " Boulter.
2,Rev. J. Worthinston.
he,J. Collier; K. W. Smith ; H. F. Cooper, c, H. F. Cooper.

Leno;

Hancock;

Stevena
DncES

Leno.

W.

he, C.

3, W.Nottage.

PIGEONS.
Cocfc." 1 and 2, H. Yardley.
Careiers."
3, J. Watts,
he, T. Chamhers, inn.
Hen."
2. H. Yardley.
1, T. Chambers.
Pouters."
Cocfc."l. W.
Nottaffe. 2. H. Yardley. S and he, T. Adams,
1 and 3, H. Yardley. 2, T. Adams.
e, Spence " Stiles. Ken."
7ic,Spence and
Stiles ; T. Adams.
1 and 2. H. Yardley.
Barbs,"
Dhaoogns."
1, G. South.
2, H. Yardley. 3 and he, F. Graham,
e, Spence
and Stiles.
Jacobins
"1, C. Martin.
2, G. W. Mnllis.
3, G. South.
Fantails."
1, H. Yardley. 2, F. J. Loveridge. 3, A. M. Yetts. he,W. Bearpark, c, W. H. Tomlinson.
TORBITS1, W. Bearpark.
2, G. South.
9, H. Yardley.
/ic.T. Waitt.
Antwerpb."
1. H. Yardley.
2, Spence " Stiles. 3, W. Nottagc.
c, J. W.
Collipson ; T. Chambers, jun.
Tdmblees."
1 and 2, J. M. Braid.
3, T. Adams,
he,H. Yardley ; Spence and
Stiles.
Owls."
1 and 2, H. Yardley. 3. J. Watts,
c, H. A. Saddington.
Any
other
Varif.tt.
1, J. Watts.
2, H. Yardlev.
Bearpark.
3, W.
Chiekens (Special Class)." 1, H. Nightingale. 2, J. M. Braid.
3, W. Nottase.
lu;.T. W. Swallow
; H. Yardley.
1 and 2. W.
Special
Selling
Class."
Nottage. 3. T. Chambers, jun. he,1.
Gamon
; C. Higgins. c, Spence " Stiles ; C. Higgins.
"

COTTAGE

GABDENEE.

[ September

14, 1871.

and we would advise a reform in this respect

for another
irregular,
In this section Mr. Adams
showed in greatforce,and carried
year.
and in the highest
off most of the prizeswith birds of faultless quality
condition. The cage birds were
show for the time of year.
a capital
was

and
other Reds."
GkH^."Blaek-hrcasted
I, W. Boyes. Beverley. Any other
2, W. G. Purdon, DrifSeld. Chiekens."l,W. White,
Varietti."\. W. Boyes.
Great 'DrifBeld. 2, O. A. Young, Great Dr fBeld.
1 and
PPANisn."
Chiekens.
2, G. Holmes, Drilfield.
l, G. Holmes.
2, D.
Blaynard, Driffield.
Dorkings.
2, D. White.
Chickens." i. Miss B. Peirse.
1, O. A. Young.
2, D. White.
Cochin-China.
1, R. Dawson,
Beverley. 2, Inge, Barmby Grange
Chicken.^." 1, R. Dawson.
2, O. A. Young.
Pooteas.
2, Miss
E. Peirse.
Brahma
1, O. A. Young.
Chickens.
1, D'
Holmes, Chesterfield.
2, Miss B. Peirse.
he, Ellerker, Welton.
R. P. Moon, DrifBeld. 2.G. Holmes.
Hamburghs
Gold or 8ilver-spangled."\,
and 2, G. Holmes.
Gold or 8ilveT-pcneilUd.~l
Any Tariety." Chickens. I,G.
Holmes.
2. Miss Peirse.
2. G. Bromby.
Farmyard
Cross. ~1, W. H. Young, Driffield.
" Duggleby, DriflSeld.
Bantams."
Game
1,W. Adams, Ipswich. 2, Pickering
8, J. Stavely, Driffield.
G. Holmes.
Cocks."
Game
Single
2, O. A. Yonng.
3, W^
(Any variety)."!,
2,
Steel,Pocklington. Dorking.
Boyes, Beverley. Spanish." \, G. Holmes.
Cochin-China.
I.R.Dawson.
I.G.Holmes.
2, Mrs. Smithson.
Hamburgh."
Bantams."
W.
Adams.
G.
Holmes,
G.
Holmes
1 and 2, G. Holmes.
\,
he,
2,
Pickering" Duggleby.
Docks.
Aylesbury. 1,- Harrison, Warter.
2, G. Yonng. Dueklings 1,O.
A. Young.
Balderson.
Any other Variety."1,O. A. Young.
2,
Dueklings.
Balderson.
2, O. A. Young.
1,
Geese."
Croft, Pluckham.
2,
1, O. A, Yonng.
Goslings."1, O. A, Yonng.
he. Mrs. Singleton.
Croft,
2,
Poults." I, O. A. Young.
Turkeys.
2, Mrs. T, Everingham.
"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

THE

RABBITS.

"

This

section of the Show

Tery interesting
entries
a resnlt which
must have
fifty-three
"

the

Committee, who

attention

in
indefatigable

were

was

well

representedby

been very enconraging

to
thi-ir efforts to bestow dne

to all

"

"

and
Pigeons.
Pouters
Croppers.
1, H. Adams,
Beverley.
2, 0. Anton,
Tumblcrs."l
York.
and 2. H. Adams.
Barbs."
1, H. Yarilley, Birmingham.
Jacobins.
2. H. Y'ardley. Fantails.
1, R. Sanders, Beverley.
1, C. Anton.
2, Pickering " Duggleby.
1,
C.
N.
Trumpeters."
Lythc, Cottingham. 2, R. P.
Owls." I, G. Holmes.
Moon.
2, H. Adams.
Turbits."l, C. N. Lythe.
2, C.
Anton.
Nujis
H. Yardley. diequalified. 1, C. N. Lythe.
2, Pickering and
Carreers."
1,H. Yardley. 2, G. Sadler, Boroughbridge. Any other
Duggleby.
Variety.-l, H. Adams.
2, 0. N. Lythe.
"

specimensunder their care, and the feedingand the

size of the pens for the Rabbits could not have been more
satisfactory.
The pens, we believe,
from Messrs. Turner, of Sheffield.
were
There were
about twenty entries of Lops,including
excellent
some
and the competition
specimens,
was
than a casual
more
close,
requiring
glanceto determine to which to award the badge of honour ; yet we

"

"

"

"

CAGE

BIRDS.
J.

York.

W.

Canaries."
Calvert,
Forth,
2,
Befgrian(Yellow or Buff)." 1,
Tortoiaeshell buck of Mr. A. H. Easten
with ears
21} Pocklington.
and
Half-bred Belgian (Yellow or Buff)." 1. J. Ho-ld.
2, Barwell
entitledto his creditable position,
by 4j was fully
and the doe of Mr.
Common
(Yellow or Buff)-" 1, R. Hutchinson. Pocklington.
Golby, Northampton.
Tomlinson, with ears 21 inches by 4j inches,was a fitting
" Golby. Marked
(Any breed).- 1, H. Curtis.
2, Barwell
2, No award.
sharer in
3, W. Forth.
almost equal honours. A Fawn doe, with ears 21J inches by 45, belonging
GoLDFI^'CH
Mule."
1, C. Burton, York.
2, E. Hackers, York.
to Mr. H. Cawood, completedthe valuable trio. It is rarely,
2. C. Bnnon.
Redcap."
1, H. Curtis.

confess the

when

colour

is out of the question,

that such a valuable classis brought
let us
hope next year the Lops will be classified in

and
together,

respectto colour. The next, or Any other varietyclass,contained

nineteen entries,
five varieties,
from the largeBelgian to
comprising
the tinyDutch, and there were
not many,
if one, which would not have

Linnet."
2, E. Hackers.
1, H. Curtis.
2. H. Curtis.
Bullfinch.1, W. Forth.
Steel.
Parrot."
2,
1, W. Wiltshire.
G.
COLLECTION!."
1,
Venables, Hull.
2, J.
"

Calvert,Y'ork.

Bucfc.- G. Shut.
Doc.
Rabbits."
C. Anton.
1,C.Anton,
2,Master GruggcD*
carried off the honours in a class of its own.
We
trust from the present
The Judge was
Mr. E. Hntton, Pudsey,Leeds.
that these fine varietiesat a future exhibition will be found
success
in at least three classes,
for by proper classificationalone can
a
just
opinion be formed and comparison made.
The
silvered
beautifully
FAKENHAM
POULTRY
SHOW.
doe of Mr. S. G. Hudson
was
with
equal to her position,contrasting
the valuable White Angora of Mr. W. Corey,of largesize,and with a
of poultry,
A Show
Eabbits,and Song Birds,open in the
Pigeons,
attention would presentan almost perfect
little
to the county of Norfolk
only,was held in the spacious
specimen of the Angora. first season
To complete
the trio of prize-winners,
and
for a first
the excellent Himalayan of Mr.
Corn Hall, Fakenham, on Wednesday, the 6th inst.,
Esam
was
successful.
There
a true type of this pleasing
most
were
variety.
attempt was
nearly three hundred
The Selling
class presented some
valuable Eabbits, and the first- entries,and the Exhibition was numerouslyattended. The arrangements
doe Lop with ears of 20i inches
a Fawn
excellent.
prize,
were
by 4i, was well shaped
and clear in shade,and was worthyof her position."
Adult
in good condition,a pen of massive birds
The Dutch Blue
Dorkings were
buck of Master T. Adams came
next in point of merit, and
winning firstprize. There was a close competitionin the chicken
gave a
correct idea of what a good specimenof this diminutive
with the exception
oi
class,both winners beingDark Greys. Spanlah,
should
variety
in those pointsessential to insure a
be,being so well marked
Gocliins were
not first-class.The
good in
pen, were
prize. the first-prize
The Fawn Lop buck of Mr. W.
shape, but wanting in size and marking. Only the prize birds in
Morbey should not be overlooked,as
his pointsof excellence were very evident ; and the Tortoiaeshell
Lop Bralimas were worthyof notice. The Qamc and Poland classes wero
of Mr. C. Gravil and the highlycommended
The cup for the best pen of adults was
the best in the Show.
and commended
won
by
pens
must not be passedover
without a favourable commfnt.
an,
Eeds, and the cup for 1871
extraordinarily
good pen of Brown
The general healthiness of the whole
Polands.
The entries of Jlanichickens by a grand pen of Golden
tory
specimenswas very satisfacThe first-prize
or two only seemed
to require
; one
a littleattention
from
their
hurghswere numerous.
pen of chickens contained an
in order to render them
owners
to compete with their
unusuallygood Silver pullet.Dark Grey Dorkingstook both the first
perfectly
eligible
A fair pen of Houdans
classes.
first in the
neighbours.
was
prizesin the Selling
birds
Rabbits.iojjs. 1, A. H. Easten, Hull.
Varietyclass. AylesburyDuclcs were
very good,the first-prize
2. W. H. Tomlinson, Newark-onTrent.
3, H Cawood. Thome,
the sale-oflice opened.
vhc. H. Ridley,York.
" Robinson,
he. Lewin
being claimed directly
Kettering (2). c, H. Tomlinson
; .1. S. Price, Potters
Bar. Herts ; J. Boyle, jun.,
The classes for Pigeons were
not well filled,
Balds and Carriers only
Blackburn; J. H. Sharp, Melton
son,
Mowbray. Any other VnrieUi "\, S. G. Hudnotice.
and Watson had
In Canaries Messrs. Cockle
Hall.
2. M. W. Corey, I^orthampton.
3,R. " G. E. Esam, Newark.
d/!C,.T. beingworthyof
Allen, Amphill. ftc,A. H Easten ; H. Yjlrdlev,Birmingham
ampton,
all their own
not a singlebird beingentered by the Norwich
: Mrs.
Morley, Northit
way,
e, J. Bovle. Blackburn
Huflson
; S. G.
: Lewin
" Robinson.
SrlUna
fanciers. Pabhits were moderately
good.
Class"
" Robinson.
\, Lewin
T.
2, Master
Adams,
Northampton.
3, W.
Morbey, Northampton,
vhe. C. Gravil, Thome,
2 and
"Woodhonse.
he,
Dorkings."
1, E. W. Southwood.
Chickens."
he, C. Leat, Tiverton ; S.
Sabbage, Northampton (2).c, A. H. Easten ; J. Boyle.
1 and he, G. P. Tricker.
G. Gilbert.
c. Mrs. C. North
2, W. Burrows,
: Rev.
1 and 2, W. Woodhouse.
Spanish."
Chickcns.~l,E. W. Southwood.
2, W. T.
Judges.
Ponltnjand Piqeotu: Mr. W. B. Tegetmeier,Finchley, Tve.
London.
Eahhits : Mr. C. Kayson,IvyLodge,Didsbury.
1. J. Bone.
G. Gilbert.
2, Mrs. Bishop,
Cochins."
Rev.
r, W.
Groom;
Chickcii-f."l,R. .T.Turner.
2, W. Young,
c, Mrs. Bishop ; Rev. G. Gilbert.
Brahmas."
T. Spurr.
1, W. Burrows.
2, F. Hardingham.
S"
Chickcjis."l,
"

"

"

"

POCKLINGTON
This

was

held

by Mr.
large,but some

purpose

on

the

Thomas
of

the

POULTRY
7 th inst. in

Whitehead.

an

SHOW.
extensive field lent for the
entries for poultry were

The

specimenswere

and these
unworthyof prizes,
were
withheld.
For Oame Mr. Eoyes won
of the
most
consequently
prizes,and the Dnckwings shown by him were unusuallygood; in fact
such birds are rarely
of moderate
but the
seen.
were
SjmitisJi
quality,
Dorhiarjs,
and Game
Bantams were
Cochins,
very good. For the pens
well as single
as
cocks of the last-named,excellent Black
Beds were
first. The first-prize
Cochin
cock was
an
extremelygood Buff
single
chicken. The onlyother birds worthyof notice were
the Aylesbury

Duclcs and Toulouse Qeese.

The exhibitors
of Pigeonshad to find their own

Mrs. Bishop.
Game."
1,Cup, and 2, H. E. Martin,
he, G. P. Ronse.
Chickais."l and hO,
2 and c, G. P. Rouse.
H. E. Martin.
Hambhrghs.K. Middleton.
1. K. Middleton.
2, R. J. Oliver. Chiclcciis.~-1,
he, E. Branford.
c. J. P. Case.
2, W. Saul,
Polands."
Chickens." 1, Cup, 2, and he,W. K.
1,2, and he,W. K. Pattrick.
Pattrick.
Any
Varif.tt
Bantams."
other
except
2, T. Spurr.
I, Lor.1 Hastings.
Chicketis."l, W. Burrows.
2. withheld.
c, T. A. Craske.
Class."
Cocfc or Cockcrcl.~\, W. Woodhouse.
Selling
2, K. Middleton. he,
E.
J.
P.
Case
Southwood
K.
Middleton
E. W. Southwood
T.
VV.
c.
;
;
Spurr.
;
;
Hcnn
or
H. R. Plattin.
PuHch."\, E. W. Soulhwooil.
2, Rev. W. F. DLxon.
vhc and
he, H. E. Martin ; W. Uroom
; J. Frunkliug; C.
c, W. 'VVoodhouBe.
Rev. G. Gilbert.
Winn;
Bantams."
Gaj"(!."1, H. W. Currie. 2,A. Taylor. (?,J.A. MaRneso. Chickens,
Any other Variety."l,C. Woods.
2, W- B.
"1, A. Taylor.2, W. Woodhouse.
Horrex.
he,Lira. Bishop.
2, Rev. G. Gilbert,
Ducks.
Ayleshury.1 and he, J. W. Nicholson.
c, Mrs.
Any other Variety."l,R. Savory. 2, W. Woodhouse.
Bishop; W. Martin.
"

pens, and the effect

"

September 14,1871. ]

JOUBNAIi

HOBTIOULTUEB

OF

COTTAGE

AND

211

GARDENER.

1, Withheld.
feature "
Pigeons."
2, E. Mayston. Pouters."
the remark with reservation ; but the " conflicting
Can-iere."l. H. Thurlow.
Wooahouae.
Baldi or Beards"
1 and
2, W.
c, W. T. Tye.
2, T. C. Baldwin.
I tell him
that at StinningleyI had an
G. Moi'linft. will be explainedwhen
Barlis."l,
c, H. Thurlow.
Tumhlers."l
and
2, W. Woodhouse.
Antwcrps."
excellent colleaguein Mr. Dixon, of Bradford,who pronounced
2, T. C.Baldwin.
2, T. Miller,jun. Fajifails."1, W. Woodliouse.
2, R. J. Turner.
1 and 2, E. Mayston.
Any otiicr Varieiil."l. H. Thurlow.
cocks at first sight,and this being also my
the birds two
M. A. Biven
(2).Sellmg Class.
; B. Crane
; Miss
; W. Martin
c, W. "Woodhouse
left out altogether. According to Mr.
2, E. Crane.
opinion, they were
"1, H. Thurlow.
CANARIES.

No. 2, and if he had been on

Yardley this will be "novice"
"
the show
by the
ground he might have counted " novices
and freely-expressed
the universally
opinion
score, for it was

he,E. Patrick. Clear

NoEwioH."
Ciear Yellow." I and 2, Coclile " Watson,
?ie.J. Goodman.
Uii^."l and 2, Cockle " Watson.
he, E. Patrick;
HonwwB."
Varieciated Yellow." 1 and 2, Cockle " Watson,
New2,
K. Richardson,sen.
VariegatedBuff." I and he.Cookie " Watson.
"

land.
" Watson.
LizAEDS,
1 and 2, Cockle
Any
other
Variety."
2, J. Newland.
1, Cockle " Watson.
Watson
Richardson, sen.
;
Mole."
1. 2, and lie (3). J. Goodman.
Bird.1, W. Wright.
Any
Song
other
Variety
op
British
he, T. J. Miller, jun.
Selling
Class."
c, E. Patrick.
1, W. Wright. 2and

I have no doubt but that

there that the birds were
two cocks.
a character for Mr. Yardley and
my judgmentis of too uniform
he has taken upon himself to represent;
the cliqueof trimmers
throw out will deter me
but no threat that he can
from the
hitherto
I
have
course
pursued. E. HniioN.

"

he.Cookie

and

"

"

2, E. Patrick.

"

[Here the controversymust

Any
G. A. A. Ronse.
Lop-"ared."l and he,G. Morling. 2, Master
C. North.
2,A.Langley. Ea:ira Ctess."ftc,J. Shannan.
Mr. W. B. Tegetmeier.

Rabbits."

close.

Ens.]

"

"offtcrF"ine"!/."l,
Mrs.

JoDGE.

"

CANARY

WHITBY

SHOW.

the 12th inst.,in connection with the Flower

made by the Jndge,Mr. W. A.
The
Show.
followingawards were
Blakston,of Snnderland :
This

held

wag

on

"

CANARIES.
2,
S. Bunting, Derhy.
Norwich."
2, fJ. Close, Derby. Equal
reJ!oiii."l,
he, Mrs. Wilkinson;
Adams
" Athersuch.
vhc, G. Gayton, Northampton,
Poriitt " Raw, Ruswarp
Middlesbrough
; J. Cleminson, Davling; E. Hawman,
" Athersuch.
Equal 2,
-ton. c. E. Mills, Sunderland.
Buff."i. and 2, Adams
" Wynn,
Barwell
" Golby, Northampton,
vhc, G. Medd, Soarborongh ; Moore
" Bennett, Derby ; Barwell
Northampton
; J. Close ; S. Bunting, he, Bexson
and Golby.
c. J. Cleminson.
" Athersuch.
" Golby. 2, Adams
Norwich."
Yc/toui.-l, Barwell
EuenZiz-marfcei
" Wynn.
" Doyle, Nottingham,
8, Hnlmes
he, S. Bunting, c, Moore
and
vhe, Adams
" Athersuch.
2, S. Bunting,
Evenly-marked Bitff."I,Adams
Unevenly-marked
" Wynn
" Doyle ; E. Mills.
Athersuch.
c, Moore
; Holmes
he,
" Bennett
; G. Medd.
Tellow."l, J. Close.
vhe, Bexson
2, S. Bunting,
" Golby.
M. C. Beadman,
2, BexUnevenbi-marhed
Buff."l, Barwell
Whitby.
uhc, J, Close ; Barwell
son
" Bennett.
Equal 3, S. Bunting,
3, J. Cleminson.
"
Bennett.
" Wynn
-and Golby; Adams
" Athersuch.
he. Moore
; Bexson
Yellow
Crest." 1, Barwell
'Son.wics."
Yellow or Buff, Green, Grey, Buff, or
" Wynn;
and Golby.
2. Holmes
" Doyle,
c, J. A. Barber, Leicester; Moore

HONEY.

plate.
two bottles of honey from the same
comb, seal them
tight,and keep them both at the same
ture,
temperaperfectly
and
other
in a dark room,
the
the
in
sunlight
only one
and
thick
and the former will gradually
a
ssume
a
finally
grow
shape, while the other will retain its original
semi-crystalline
fluidity.This is one reason
why bees always work in the dark,
and why honey should alwaysbe kept in the dark or in opaque
Take

up

Bunting ; Bexson " Bennett : G. Clipson, Northampton.

2 andS, W. Bnlmer,
Belgian."
rci!oio,"l, M. R. Robinson, Middlesbrough.
vhc, J. N.
Stocklon.
Buff." I and 2. W. Bnlmer.
e, J. N. Harrison, Belper.
Harrison.
Jtc,M. R. Robinson,
c, L. Belk
; J. Close (2).
Yorkshire.yt^iow."
Saltburn.
2, J. Cooper, Bliddlesbrough.
1, J. Rowland,
Carlton.
allerton,
NorthSkelton.
W.
W.
E.
Hawman.
H.
Johnson,
Buff."l,
Ward,
2,
":,
Newport, Middlesbrough ; T. Waudby, Norton,
c, W. " C. Bumiston,
Mai ton.
W.
" Golby. 2, Holmes
" Doyle, he, W.
Cinnamon."
Ye!Zoio,"l, Barwell
" Wynn
cSiGolby. 2, E. MUls.
Johnson.
lie,Moore
; J. N.
Buff."l, Barwell

vessels.
It would

be wrong to award a first prizeto a jarof honey

thickened
become
by the action of light,because it
deteriorated. Still,
honey, to be superior,
thereby becomes
should not be very thin.
and must
Flavour
is also a very important consideration,
times
always be required.A good-flavoureddark honey may somemuch
better.
which
looks
be superiorto a white honey
The thickness and thinness of honey depend upon the source
from which it is gathered,rather than upon the secretiveaction
that had

Harrison.
" Preen, Coventry,
son
LiZAED.
and 2, Smith
c, J. N. HarriGolden-siiangled."l
" Jackson.
and 2, R. Ritchie,Darlington.
Silver-,spangled."l
; Greenwood
" Preen,
c, J. Taylor.
Canary."
ffreen. 1, W. Lawson.
2. J. Stevens, Middlesbrough, he, T. AUenby,
Durham,
c. Fairclough " Howe,
Middlesbrough.
and
" C. Bumiston.
Any
other
Variety.2. W.
3, Moore
1,W. Buhner.
(2);
vhe. M. R. Robinson
; L. Belk, Dewsbury
Wynn. Equal 3, R. Hawman.
he, J. N. Harrison.
iFairclongh" Howe,
Canaries.
Sia; Foiing."l, Hardy " Atkinson, Wbitby.
2, R. Ha'^vman.
c, H.
Dale, Whitby: T. AUenby ; Mrs. Wilkinson
; W. W. Johnson.
Goldfinch
Yellow Marked." 1,3. StewBUS.
Buff
Mvle."
2, G. Bell, Whitby,
Marked."
2, J. Taylor, c, J. Cooper.
Dark."l, R.
I, P. Raynor, Whitby.
J.
N.
Harrison,
W.
Hawman.
2,
c,
Cattle, Norton, Malton.
"

vkc.Smith

"

"

FOREIGN

OF

QUALITY

"

S.

Parrot,"

THE

JUDGING

is judged mainly by its colour ; but owing to there

HoNET
beingoften a very great difference in the colour of the comb,
and the additional fact that bees often put white honey in dark
combs, and vice versa, it is manifest that very greatcare must
both the comb
and the
be exercised in taking into account
honey. The proper way to judge honey is to strain it into
glassjars. You can then readilyjudge of its colour. But then
thickness
to be considered
there are at least two other qualities
it is necessary for the
In judgingof its thickness,
and flavour.
judgeto know whether that qualitywas impartedin the first
instance, or whether it is due to the action of light; for the
chemical
as
they do
honey very much
rays of lightact upon
excited collodion
the iodide of silveron the photographer's
upon

bee,whether we admit that the insect makes

gathersit. (Scientific
Press.)
of the

or

simply

"

BIRDS.

1, Mrs. Weighill,Whitby.

It is provided by the tenure of the

Value os Produce.
of Brisingham, in Norfolk, "that all commoners
manor
pay
hens' eggs and day's work with their plough to the Lord
of
rental
in
the Manor."
The
were
small
a
by
paid
quit-rents
and by three roots of ginger,valued at Id.,95 hens at
money,
and S39 eggs
7s. 2d., 17 capons
at lid. each, 5 ducks at lOd!.,
The date of this document
at Sd. a-hundred.
is in 1341, the

LOCAL
PRIZES.
Norwich.
Yelloia or Buff."\, H. Dale
7ic.R. Robinson ;
2, M. C. Readman.
"McLacklm
" Brown, Wbitbv (2); Mrs. Wilkinson, Whitby,
Wilkinson
c, Mrs.
;
-J. Gray, Whitby.
Marked, Yellow or Buff."l, M. C. Readman,
Whitby.
" Brown.
% McLacklin
other Variety." 1, M. Taylor,Whitby. 2, Porritt " Raw,
Canary." .4712/
warp.
Rus-

"

"

Mule."
1,J. Gray. 2, J. Pearson.
Equal 2, J. Gray.
" Brown.
Bullfinch.
2, T. Harland, Grosmont.
1, McLacklin
Goldfinch."
Whitby.
2, T. H. Woodwark,
1, W. Henderson, Whitby.
2, Porritt " Raw.
"

Linnet."

PIGEON-TRIMMING
I KEPUDiiTE
forward
by

the

15th year of Edward

AT
ALLERTON
SHOW.
charge of inequalityof judgment brought

OUR
Richmond
sHiEE
The Committees
do not care about

"

Mr.

Tardley,also deny

that

ever

awarded

III.
LETTER

BOX.

Stockton
Poultry
Shows
(SeveralSubscribers)
did not
advertise them
they
; therefore,we conclude
the Shows
being reported.
and

prize,or even
a commendation, to a pair of Nuns
in the dieable
Cochin
White
Slightly
Yellow
(May). It is unquestionably desirgraoefulstate in which I found Mr. Yardley's birds at the
that a White Cochin cock should be dead white ; but straw-coloared
Allerton Show.
The transparency
They are not a disqualification,
of Mr. Yardleyofferingto hackles and saddles are very common.
in close
decide
but they are a disadvantage, and
competition would
bring the birds forward for inspectionis suflSeiently
manifest.
We are answering your question in the belief
against their possessor.
if they be now, as he says, "in
pen feather,"that is proof the colour is really straw, as compared with milk white, and not one of
"

sufficient that they were

in full feather one
month
ago.
this I consider of little importance,
the feathers were
as
"

those

Yet

"

not

darker

auburn,"

mouths
in tender
shades, which
in realitydeep reds.
are
Dying
(A.S. L. M.). We have no

are

called

*'

golden," or

and

doubt we
Chickens
could give you
but your query is too vague.
You
some
advice if you afford the means,
nor
do not mention
the breed, food,locality,
We cannot even
symptoms.
if we
about the size of
are
only told that " when
answer,
guess at an
Pigeonsthey turn black and die."

abstracted,"but cut off.

"

Bat what will Mr. Yardleysay to the fact that they have
been again examined
and disqualified
at Pooklington Show last
Thursday, and with the assistance of three of the Stewards,
Messrs. B. Cundall, G. Smith, and John
Silbum, two of the
cut feathers " abstracted,"and that theyhave now
a placein
of those I took out at Allerton Show ?
my cabinet alongside
Now, with respectto the sexes of the pair of Dragoons, Mr.

Dwindling
Chickens
(Subscriber). Do your chickens have plentyof
?
Is the cucumber-yard paved ? la
?
sun
Have they a good grass run
there a dungheap or anything of the sort ?
The
is
space you mention
small for fiftychickens, and unless they are supplied with artificial helps
Where
there is littlehope of yonr rearing them.
chickens
have the advantage
of the run
of a kitchen
garden, or of an acre or two of grass,
they pick up a great deal of natural
food, and can make-up with the dry
For young and old,ground food is better and cheaper
com
yon mention.
"

Yardley,in quoting from my report,does not note that I

the prizeat Allerton Show under a doubt, and made

awarded

JOtJBNAL

212

It
weak
hive in your garden, if you have any?
join the bQeq to some
of course,
be possible to feed thi^m up, but we should not recommcnil
bottle-feeder failing,it is evident yoar
you to try it. As to your
of the bottle
food wrts too liquid,or perb"ps you failed tocovor
tho mouth
muslin
of sufficient thickness.
with
leno
or
Try again, and buv your
purchase
knowledge in the pchool of experience. We believe you may
vertisement
Sue their adPayne's hives at Messrs. N^ighbouro', Holboro, London.
in these pages.
It is impossible for your beea to find enough

not

There is less waste, and it goos farther. Try ground onts

for
nshes and road grit for dnstincj, and
some
it not, especiallylettuces
that are
if they have
meat
green
the
a
table.
and
crumba
from
them
the
Try
scraps
going to seed. Give
have
had
only tliat whioh you
railk. If the chickena
little bread and
best gallinaceous buby-f irming. They
is
at
poultry-keepinB
name,
your
as
soon
and we, therefore,aflvise you as
now,
evidently want a stimulant
st^oug ale to soak it,and to
you read this to get a quartern loaf,enough
Then
feed
we
to
that
aa
till
on
they begin
niUy.
chickens
feed
tlian whole.

would,

barleymeal, snpply

or

hath.

Give

your
for littlechickena
maize
Wheat, barley,aad
advised.
bread, cheese, and walnuts would be for an infant.

have
as

food in the fields and gardens at this

lie where
it is.
which fell down
may

good

as

are

[ Septeaaber14,1871.

GARDENER.

COTTAGE

AND

HOETIOULTURE

OF

Vegetable

Geese
(T. A. B.)."li is impossible to say which would
Chinese
White
"
Geese
be the likelier to take a prize, as they could only go in a class for
of any other variety," The White Chinese Goose is a long taper-necked
and
on
the
a
knob
forehead,
face,
a
having
Ifirge
yellow
with
bird
yellow
over
the bill. The legs are yellow. It is a handprojecting somewhat
unmusical
bird, attains a large weight for the table,but has a moat
Bome
Goose for the table.
voice. It is considered inferior to the common

Jam.

Marrow

time

METEOROLOGICAL

receipt.

OBSERVATIONS.

CiJiDBN
Lat.

for

piece of comb

The

of year.

wishes

Novice

"

London,

Square,

51" 32' 40" N. ; Long. 0^ 8' 0" W.

111 feet.

; Altitude

Hameorghs
speak of
SiLVEB-PENCiLLED
{G. E. M. T.)." Whou
you
"red feathers on the wing of Silver-pencilled
Hambnrghs," of course
you
have it. It has long been a vexed
the cocks, the hens never
tion
quesmean
material.
and
othei* excellent
maintain it is wrong,
judges say it is im; some
birds were
We
believe the best Pencilled
always bred from
those birds with brown
patches on their wings. Pale washed-out colours
never
compete successfullywith good,
great disadvantages, and can
rich,bright foundation colour in Golden-pencilled. We quite believe the
for the health of the birds ;
sun
injures the plumage, but it does mnch
it makes
good, bright red, well-developed combs, such as are not seen in
and
must
one
reared
as
put
against the other. It is
birds
you
you say,
not impossible nor very difficultto get both.
is
your
Cost of Fowl-keeping(Bru.no)."It
always difficultto answer
question, but as you put it it is impossible. At what age are they sent ?
are
Where
they to be kept ? Are you to have all,or to divide eggs ? Are
to
chickena to be reared ? On hearing these particularswe will answer
the best of our ability.
are

REMARKS.
Brahmas'
Hocks
ject.
(S. B. S.)." The feathers at the knee should not proIt is vulture-hocked.
There is not tho slightestobjection to their
fine afternoon ; lightning at 7.55 p.m.,
6th." Hazy morning, rain at noon,
to say the vulture
It would, perhaps be too much
being tied at the knee.
rain in th" evening.
cess.
fault, and fatal to suchock implies impurity of blood, but it is a grave
7th. Fine bright dny throughout.
To
((?.C. ^.)." Curling round the joint is not vulture-hocked.
morning, than fine,but rain in afternoon and evening,
8th. Dull in efirly
jectionable. and
project an inch from the joint is positivelyvulture-hocked, and very obheavy rain at night.
The
The
bird with the stiff feather is a hopeless case.
of the day, but stormlike in the evening.
gth. Wft morning, fnirin middle
A pounl
a-month
is called good
are
weights you mention
very heavy.
10th. Fine in the early part,and, though afterwards
cloudy aud storm"

"

"

"

work.
the

H.). Have
"

ground

dug

up

about

12
have

If you
tho
surfuce.
a
18 inches
deep, and the lower earth made
two
cartload of freeh mould, put it on and scatter it. If you can, procure
of road
thera into two or three heaps.
or three cartloads
grit,and make
The fowls will scratch for the grass mixed
up with the grit,and by these
in a week, and
means
they will spread it. We have all our pons dug once
raked every day.

Young
Turkeys
{Innocent). Advertise what you
where you will deliver them, and price prepaid.
"

Writing

for,

"

G. J. Symons.
COVENT

"

Wings

Dying

Peas

alone

are

they like, and

Beak
[W. B,). Colour in
no
point,although shape is a very important one.
for February 17th, 1870.
the Antwerp in number
Antwerp's

"

an

Antwerp's beak is

Vide

our

article

on

Pigeons'
Portraits, Ac. {A. C. E.)."0\ir last Pigeon portraits,those
and
in No. 541,August 10th,
of the Short-faced Beard
Baldhead, were
1871. Colour of eyelash immaterial; properly speaking Pigeons have

eyelids,not eyelashes.
Eaton's Pigeons
to Mr. D. Wolstouholme, 3, Elizabeth
{Alpha)."WTite
Cottage, Archway Road, Highgate.
for
Food
Parrots
will see very full directions in our
{0. P.)."You
No. 515,published on the 9th of February. You will see the Cheltenham
last week's
report to-day ; it arrived too late for publication in our

doz.
lb.
bushel
i sieve
do.
doz.
lb.
lb.

Cherries
Chestnuts
Curranta
Black

Figs
FUberta
Cobs
Goosebenies

quart
Grapes, Hothouse.... lb.
%tlOO

Lemons
Melons

each

Artichokes

doz.
3"

Bees
Feeding
of July 16th,
{Barton Joyce, Notts). Your maiden swarm
Broad
required a good deal of continuous
feeding ; but if you have
Beet. Red
for any
a pint bottle every
already given tho bees
day
length of time, Broccoli
amine
they must have had pretty well enough. We should advise you to exBmssels
Sprouts
or
weigh the hive, and act accordingly. If it has glass windows,
Cabbage
and you see any quantity of sealed combs, or if the contents
Capaicums
weigh from
Carrots
of October, and
16 lbs. to 20 lbs.,you
should stop feeding tillthe middle
CauUflower
then give two or three pints. Your second
hive should be treated exactly
"

in the

same

..

buBhel

"

Celery

way.

To join the beea of one stock to another,

stock
into
one
an
empty hive, and then drive the other stock
into the same.
Do thia towards
the bees are
all quiot at
dusk, when
home.
The next day, towards
evening, you can dash out all the beea on
the ground in front of the stock which you wish to keep, and out of which
of the driven stocks
one
Use a littlebrown
the evening before.
came
before you disturb the bees.
paper or tobacco smoke
Uniting
first drive

Swarms

(C.R. P.).
"

Coleworts..doz.
Cucnmbera

pickling
Endive
Fennel
Garlio
Herbs.
Horseradish

100

ft sieve

will have

"

13

SEPTEiirBER
better

supply of Peaches, and

0to2

0
"

6
3

0
9

10
0
0

6
0

0 0
10
8

10
0 0
5

12 0
SO

lb. "
doz.
10
i^ lOi: 20
2
doz.
doz.
doz.

Malberrles
Neolarines
Oranges
Peaches
Pears, kitchen
rtoHsert

lb.

Pine Apples
Plums

4 sieve
doz.

Quinces

3
0
0

lb.

Raspberries

lb. 0
bushel
10
^*100 1

Strawberries

WalnutH
ditto

d
B
6 to 1
8
0

8
5
S

0
0

d
0

0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0

0
16
a

0
0
0

TEGETABLES.

Aapuragus
Boans, Kidney

number.

a.

1
1

--

is

FRUIT.
8. a.

t sieve

Apples
Apricots
_.

of

there

lower.

not

the

MARKET"

GARDEN

quiet,but

"

of their young
though it may die with
has been the case
with yours.
Oats are
unsuitable.
Wheat
sufficient;add old beans or Indian corn.
squeakers easilypick it up, which is an advantage.

Colour

Very

"

[U. L.)."Marking ink will do.

Trade
continues
{AmateuT). Old Pigeons frequently partially
prices for these are
tbe bird
and weaker, and
ones,
geta thinner
This
food in its crop, ii is renlly starved.
some

Pigeons'

on

Pigeons

Young
feed one

will sell them

fine all day; the sun

there was
but very
very hot, aud, as
little wind, it was
rather
oppressive.
Fine day, rather,cloudy tiwnrd-s
rluU in early morning.
12th." Rather
sunset, but very bright at night.
With the exception of the rain on
Friday afternoon and night and on
tenneratare
Saturday morning, a very fine and pleasant week, the me.in
since the beginning uf July.
than in any week
at 9 A.M. being] lower

llth.

or

foil.

rain

like,no
fR. E.

Runs

Poultry

doz.
bundle
i sieve

doz.

^MOO
bunch
doz.
bundle
bunches
each
doz.
doz.
bunch
lb.
bunch
bimdto

..

bunch
Loeka
doz.
Lettuce
Mnshrooras
pottle
i^Orfiflfl..
Mustard
punnet
Ouione
per doz. bunches

piokhng
Parsley
Parsnips
Peas
Potatoes
Radishes
Rhubarb
Sea-kale
Shallots

3
0
9
0
0

3
0

4
0

sieve
doz.

quart

bushel
do.

Ividney

Savoys.

0
0

quart

d. B.
too
1
3

..

doz.bunohea
bundle
doz.
basket

Spinaoh
Tomatooa

Turnips
Vegetable Marrows

lb.
bushel
lioz.
bunch
doz.
.

with an inverted pickle-bottle

If
made
to rest in a block of wood
over
a hole at the
top of youi- hives
13.
POULTRY
MARKET."
September
hives are of wood this is easy enough ; if of straw like the ordinary
your
has
Since our
last tbe Partridge season
begun. We hardly recollect
bkep, a little ingenuity is required to fitthe block and bottle neatly on
of the
three to one
as
old
are
them
aud
tho
birds
so
seeing
ever
the hive, which
must
have a 2-inch hole cut out in the top. The block
scarce,
very
The latter are consequently,
Belling well. Grouse romaia
must
have
a
young.
piece of perforated zinc let into the underside, and tbe
mouth
of the Vottle must
be covered
with a piece of leno or muslin so as to
plentiful.
d. fl. d
prevent the food from running down too quickly. Sugar boiled down in
to 0 10
0
0
Pieoona
water
to the consistency of a not too thin syrup
is an excellent food.
If
6
18
1
RabWiB
use
brown
if
coarse
yon
0
19
9
0
sugar strain it first. Feed in October, or now
Wild ditto
0
0
fi
0
your bees are
starving.
Harcfi
3
6
0
A September
Swarm
V^e
fear
swarm
{A Beginner)."
Partridges
your September
E
0
a
1
Grouso
(fne of the latest we ever heard of), will bo of no use to you. Could you
Winter

Care

of

Bees

{Idem)." Feed

""

OP

JOURNAL

September 21, 1871. 1

HOllTIGULTUBE

AND

CJTrAGE

GARDENER.

213

cultivated ;" but to all,except it be Grasses ; and

in small quantity,or less than for other
fruit trees it seems
it is very beneficial. For some
has long "been appliedto plants,
ALT
as
a
manure
garden and farm crops. Its principaluse, not to be so desirable as for others for instance, the
tion
however, in gardens has been in the destrucApple, and Cherry, but the Peach, the Pear, and
Apricot,
of weeds, for it is well known
that in the Plum are benefited by it.
its value,but will proceed
respecting
large quantityit is destructive to vegetable I need say no more
of which there are several modes, but I
to its application,
life; hence it is employed for scattering
over
two
shall only name
lution
namely, alone and mixed with other
walks, or they are watered with a strong so-

SALT

AS

GARDEN

MANURE.

sea,
even

are

to these

"

"

substances.
of salt,to destro)^
the weeds and moss
As a top-dressing
be
salt may
Salt applied alone.
On
the other hand, in
appearing on them.
moderate quantities
its application
is attended
appliedto every kind of kitchen-garden
crop at the rate of
results ; for,as remarked
with very satisfactory
by Mr. ten bushels per acre, or half-a-gaUon
per rod. It may be
the crop,
in,or planting
in the
Science and Practice of Gardening," given at the time of sowing,putting
Johnson
The day has long passed when it was
appliedwhen crops
disputed but I consider it most advantageously
page 119,
whether saline bodies are promotiveof vegetablegrowtli,"from seed have arrived at the thinningstage; to
put-in"
It is now
author continues
determined
Artichokes,it may be
and the same
crops, as Potatoes and Jerusalem
above
well
before
the
when
and
of applied
that some
ground,
they are
plantswill not even live without the means
first hoeing : to planted crops as soon
as they are
certain salts."
again
procuring
Ten bushels per acre I think a sufficientquantity
position rooted.
Although salt,or saline matter, enters into the comof all plants,it is evident, from the experiments for a generaldressing. Some
more
crops will bear much
made
hy Dr. Voelcker, that the applicationof a quantitysalt than the quantitynamed ; for instance.Asparagus is
4-3
cwts.
of salt which proves beneficial to one
kind of plant will not overdone at 1 lb. per square yard,or
per acre,
This he demonstrated
and the best time to applyit is when the heads are appearto another.
be injurious
ing
ing,
by waterand againearlyin May.
plants with water holdingvaried proportionsof salt,
of salt,and so
and it is a remarkable fact that to most of the crops of the
applications
Cabbages may have repeated
in very strongsolutions it did not prove
of the Cabbage tribe. Cabbages planted in
most
horticulturist even
may
winter
of
October
Even at the rate
be dressed,
twenty-fourgrainsto a pint September to stand the
injurious.
may in
it
decidedlybenefited Radishes, Onions, Lentils, and and again in March ; Broccoli and Winter Greens after
in
October or earlyin November
but
odoratum (Sweet planting,and
plantsof Anthoxanthum
; whilst for
Cabbages,"
of the same
Vernal Grass) were
killed by a solution containing
familyone application
twenty- most other members
four grains
of salt per pint,after the lapseof one month."
will be sufficient.
Grasses are affected by salt more
The value of salt as a manure
pally
readilythan any of the
may be estimated princiinto the compositionof plants; but
from its entering
conclude
plantsexperimented
upon." We may, therefore,
that salt in a certain quantityis beneficial to most vegeone
being that it is destructive to
table it possesses other values
have Radishes or Raphanece,Crambe
and is found a completecure
predatoryvermin as the slug,
crops, for we
cole,
for grub in Turnips,and club or ambury in the other repreBrassica,including
Cauliflower,Broccoli,Bore(Sea-kale),
sentatives
and Turnips ; LiliaceEe,
of the Cabbageworts.It has also another most
includingOnions, Leeks, and
Asparagus, and, I may add, many of our most beautiful valuable properly that of protecting
plants from injury
bulbous plants,and tliose with succulent leaves.
Science and Practice
Dr.
from cold,or as it is stated in the
Voelcker remarks,"Bulbous
of Gardening,"page 144. it protects plantsfrom suffering
lent
plantsand plantswith succuleaves are especially
benefited by the application
of by sudden reductions of temperatureby enteringinto their
salt ;" also Lentils, Peas and Beans, and, may
not
we
vigorous,
system, stimulatingand rendering them more
it less
their sap, and consequently
safelyconclude all the order LeguminosK,or pod-bearers,
rendering
impregnating
the
Dwarf
as
be no doubt of salt
can
Dr.
liable to be congealed." There
Kidney Bean and Scarlet Runner?
Voelcker mentions the Thistle as beingbenefited by salt, beingadvantageously
used for plantsof a succulent nature,
and we
such beingliable to suffer in case of sudden reduction of
may consider the Globe Artichoke and Cardoon
to be equallyso.
Mr. Johnson
completesthe list on the temperature.
is the
viz.,Beetroot,Rhubarb, Potatoes,
authorityof Saussure
Salt mixed with other substances. This, I believe,
Jerusalem
stituted
Artichoke,Carrot,probably also the Parsnip most satisfactory
method, for all soils requireto be conand Celery,as these two belongto the same
of healthy
for the production
of several ingredients
natural order ;
salt
is beneficial to every kind of vegetablecrop.
so that
plants. Gardens long enriched with stable or farmyard
Of the value of salt there can
out.
be no
in time become sick or worn
doubt; in fact, manure
Lime-dressings
from its application
I
this season,
have come
often
to the conhave been advised,and are indeed very beneficial,
clusion
the
it
that to
When
caustic
gardener is one of the most valuable more so than dressingsof stable manure.
of manures.
I have come
to regard it as not only valuable,
is added
lime, or, as it is more
commonly called,quicklime
The Gardener's
which the soil
to a soil,it decomposes the salts of ammonia
or, as stated by Mr. Thompson in
off the ammonia, but Which is absorbed
Assistant,"page 121, a necessary addition to the soil contains,driving
wherever marine plants,
or such as naturally
the and retained by the alumina in the soil. Caustic lime also
grow near
"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

No. 647." Vol. XXI., New

Series.

No. 1199." Vol. XL VI.. Old

Seiiss.

JOUENAL

214

OF

HOETICULTUBE

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

[ September

21, 1871.

and have beeir dressed with guano

promotes the rapid decay of vegetableand animal bodies in the first,
mixed
with salt
tlie soil "
and Practice of Gardening, page 85). It I contrive to giveit so as to keep it from the hearts.
(Science
has also been recommended
to givedressingsof fresh or maiden
3, Club, ambury, and all the grubs seemed
to combine
to
loam
to long-croppedvegetableground, choosing soil from a
prevent my gettinga Cabbage to heart.Cauliflower to head, or
thus
those
constituents
which
have been
giving
pasture,
very
Turnip to form.
Hanging their heads in the sun was powerful
absorbed or taken up from the ground by every vegetable viz., evidence of what
was
gnawing at their vitals ; they were
saline matters, and which are present in the maiden
loam more
dressed with the guano
and salt,
and they have reared their
because Grasses do not take up saline
than in old garden soil,
heads ever since,and are quite free of any grubs or pest of
any
substances to nearlythe same
extent as garden crops.
Fresh
kind.
soil mixed with old causes
a change in the
products; it gives
Lastly,in a greenhouse that may have 30 feet of rafter I had
other substance
to old soil an addition of one
or
climbers in a border ; they seemed
to grow
required by some
and flower
vegetablecrops, for it cannot be that fresh loam is richer,as
to a standstill. They are
finelyup to July,when they came
it will not grow many
without manure
to
a
Passifloras
Countess
Countess
vegetables
fitting
Nesselrode,
Guiglini, cserulea
condition : therefore it is not in the fibres of the Grass about
mollissima,and T. Van-Volxemi.
Guano
racemosa, Tacsonia
which so much
is insisted,
but in supplying those compounds
but I gave them
about a
water, "e., had no beneficial effect,
of which the soil has been deprived by a continued course
of peck of gnano
the border (30feet by
and salt broadcast over
saline.
vegetablecrops, and those compounds are principally
3 feet),
it out of eightwith water from a hose.
and then washed
Lime
does good, but it is known
salt is mixed
that "when
The effect has been all that could be wished for ; the plantsare
with moist earth and lime a considerable quantityof carbonate
and fruiting. The SO-feet length of rafter
growing,flowering,
of soda and chloride of calcium is produced,owing to the salt has been covered,and all the bars which
there are to every
being partially
decomposed, the chlorine of a part of the salt rafter,
and the shoots hang down
in all lengths,from a few
unitingwith the lime, whilst carbonic acid suppliesits place, inches to 6 feet,and these,with the flowers and the hanging
forming carbonate of soda. This having the propertyof combining
have quitea grand effect.
fruit,
with silica and rendering it soluble,may prove beneficial
I am
convinced that gnano and salt in the proportionsnamed
to plantsby supplying them
with that essential article of will prove to be the manure
of manures
for Vines, especially
their food "
Assistant,page 121). Now, if we dress those that have a tendency to mildew ; also for Peaches, which
(Gardener's
ground for Onions, one part with lime,another with salt,and
do so well as near
the sea or within reach of its influence.
never
a third with soot, the ground having in autumn
been manured
It will also be good for all plants subject
to mildew.
Salt and
in the usual way, we find there is little,
if any, difference between lime are the most destructive of all to fungoid life.
that limed and the part sown
without the lime-dressing Ferns are speedilydestroyed by gnano
and
salt,but it is
the produce is not materiallygreater; but that dressed with
remarkable
that if freestone be sprinkled with it that the
salt produces more
than the limed part,and the parts dressed
in
becomes
a
stone
few days
quite green from the growth
with soot more
still. This would
show soot to be the most
of moss
hence it may
be of value in newly-formed rock:
of the three,but in none
of these cases
is the dressing
fertilising
work.
G. Abbet.
that is,the lime,
so
good as when the whole are mixed
which
afford much
the better crop of Onions.
salt,and soot,
THE
LATE
THEODOR
MR.
HARTWEG.
A bushel of lime, soot, and salt mixed
and sown
broadcast
the ground intended for Onions and Carrots priorto putMy late and much-esteemed
over
friend,Theodor Hartweg, was, I
ting
in the seeds is good against the maggot or grub which
tural
think,the best plant and seed collector the London Horticulinfests these vegetables,
and is sufficiently
stimulating. It is
Societyever employed. Professor Lindley said to him in
also an excellent dressingfor ground in March
at Chiswick
intended to be my
hearing and presence in the Council-room
planted with every kind of vegetablecrop. It is valuable both
garden," Well, Hartweg, the Council have resolved to send you
a
and
as
a
and
as
manure
of insect pests. to California,
and if you find this singleplant (Zauschueria)
pieientive
destroyer
It is conseeds or plantsof it in good condition,
it will
Everyone knows the value of guano as a manure.
sidered and send home
to contain most, if not all,
the constituents requiredby pay the Society for your mission
if you send nothing else.
vegetables. I am persuaded,however,though it may be highly Come over to my house, Acton Green, and see the dried specimen
that it is not so beneficial by itself as when mixed
before you start."
I may
of the plant in my herbarium
fertilising,
with salt,one
of the inorganic elements that in guano
is add that Hartweg found it and sent it home, and I was eyewitness
reckoned
of very inferior value.
In some
there is a
of young
to thousands
plants being distributed to
guanos
considerable quantityof lumps, consisting
well
for the most part of Fellows of the Societyupon
as
as thousands
application,
salt (chloride
of sodium). In the best samples of of other valuable plants sent home
common
amongst his collections
is about 3.00; of a sample contime to time whilst he was
in the employ of the Society.
guano the chloride of sodium
sisting from
of hard lumps the chloride of sodium
I had the pleasure of " writing out " all the reportsof plants
has been found
much
as
49.70.
as
and seeds and their condition when
sent home
tain
Ordinary samples of Peruvian guano conby him, to be
5.00 of alkaline salts,potash and soda.
This quantity placed before the Council of the Societywhen they met at their
be
for
b
ut
sufficient
there
is
the
of
those
of his first
not evidentlyenough
with
may
cereals,
exception
rooms, 21,Begent Street,
salt for kitchen
Mexican mission,consistingchieflyof Orchids,Fir cones, "c.
garden crops, for I find crops dressed with
I am
that the Secretaryand Vice- Secretarywere
well aware
guano alone do not produce so well as those dressed with one
in
part salt to two parts guano, and at that rate 1 cwt. of salt to not Hartweg's best friends at that time of day mentioned
2 cwt. of guano answers
for every description
of vegetable,
at
but your short notice of Hartweg's death.
Hartweg told me
it should not be given in dry weather,for all the leaves upon
the time when
all this ill-feeling
was
going on about himself,
which it falls it scalds or leaves a white blotch.
about
that he had a very greataversion to writing
any subject:
I may name
in which I have found it most
hence this will show his unwillingnessto write anything in the
a few of the cases
well in all.
beneficial,
though it answers
shape of a journalof bis travels at the time for the " Journal of
beds of Onions, Carrots,and Parsnipson a
the Horticultural Society: " hence also the cause
of his few bad
1, I had some
plotof old garden ground, well trenched and in good heart. friends. Animosity was carried to such a pitchagainsthim on
"

"

"

"

"

"

were
set on "
They were
already at work, making
"

at a complete standstill,
and grub
frequent wide gaps.
They were
with the mixed
and
about
a
salt,
guano
peck to every
two beds,each 4 feet wide and 40 feet long. This was
previous
to prospectsof rain,and it fell as was
anticipated. The grub
the Onions
no
are
was
seen
more,
good, and the Carrots and
Parsnips promise very well. Without
the dressingthere was
no
a
of
hope
crop.
2, I have 1500 Celeryplants on a plot of ground added to
the garden last year ; it is the virginloam
much
so
prized.
The trenches were
well manured.
The Celerygrew for a time,
but afterwards came
to a standstill. Guano
alone was
applied,
but it did not improve anything but the colour of the plants;
at last they were
heavilydressed with the guano mixed with
salt,and the Celeryhas grown well ever since. I have a like
number
of plants on
old ground, and theyhave grown
from
"

dressed

this account
by a few only of the officialsof the Horticultural
Society,that a short time after he returned from his last
would not accept
for the Societythe then Vice-Secretary
of a set of the dried plantswhich Hartweg had collected,
but returned them
even
opened the parcel
by me, and never
mission

examined
the specimens.
I
These recollections come
now
memory
very vivid in my
of me
have pen in hand, and I hope you will think no worse
for placingthem at your disposal.
I always found that Hartweg acted as a perfectgentleman in
all his dealingswith me
at the time we were both in the employ
of the Society. I have often heard him say that Mr. George Ure
Skinner and himself discovered the largeplant of La;Iia snperbiens both at the same
in Mexico, and that they
time when
both determined
were
to have it,but could not get it then, for
it was up a very high tree. Hartweg outwitted Mr. Skinner by
nor

September 31,1871. ]

OF

JOUENAL

AND

HOBTICtlLTURE

the morning, takingwith him a native and an

time conveying
axe, and chopping the tree down, at the Bame
Chiaaway the largeLaelia. I recollect helping to tinpaokit at
and it jaatfilled one largewooden case, and
wick on its arrival,
"
Plantse Hartwegise,"by Mr. G.
arrived in excellent health.
his name, as well as the simpleBentham, will commemorate
looking littleplant (Orchid)called Hartwegia purpurea, also
Aristolochia gigas. Of the plantsof a hardy nature introduced
have found their way here, and are growing
by him many
his varieties of coniferous plants.
and flourishing,
especially
William
Swale, Avonside Botanic Garden, Canterbury,New

going earlyin

"

Zealand,

SIBEKIAN

CRABS

SCARLET

AND

ON

THE

COTTAGE

215

GABDENEB.

hope
in a word, treated as a hardy plant. We
as in summer"
Dr. Moore
will extend his experimentsby lettinghis plant
in the coming winter,and thus demonstrate
take its chance
ing
of this most strikingand interestthe hardihood
or otherwise
Farmer's
of the terrestrialsection of the Oiehida.cex." (Irish

Gazette.)
A

FEW

MELONS.

SUPERIOR

tried the followingvarietiesof Melons

circumstances
same
viz.,Golden Queen,
Trentham
Golden Perfection,Queen Emma,
Hybrid,Colston
Baesett Seedling,Dr. Hogg, Heokfield Hybrid, and Strathfieldwell
and many
of them
AH these are
good varieties,
saye.
I HAVE
this season
under precisely
the

known

to most

"

readers.

of your

Seedling,Dr. Hogg, and Heckfield Hybrid

at least they have not long appeared
are rather new
varieties,
with Mr.
In walking through the groundsat Sawbridgeworth
do not know
in the nurserymen's catalogues. To those who
much
Eivers I was
struck with the above that I cannot
so
I recommend
of varieties,
them and wish to grow a number
their
The
trees
resist giving you a word or two as to
beauty.
them as being worthyof a place in any collection,and especially
two years old,pyramidsabout 3 feet in height,eminently
were
is
Colston Bassett Seedling. It has a strong constitution,
their
would
with
fruit;
covered
bright
they
beautiful,being
though
Golden
and of excellent flavour.
Perfection,alvery prolific,
indeed form ornaments
to any garden.
old variety,
stillholds its ground and merits a place
an
here to be an articleof the most
The Paradise stock seems
the best varieties. Golden
Queen I consider a great
among
Mr. Rivers pointed out
extensive culture ; for,to my surprise,
m
uch
acquisition,
superior to any other varietythat I have
"
to me
one
a
piece of 40,000,planted with the
quarter"
constitution
and sets freely.
It
has
robust
or
a
seen.
grown
Konesnch and Broad-leaved Paradise,all in the most exuberant
three fruit on a plant),
The fruit swells well (from4 to 5 lbs.,
of
the
of
a
another
and
in
was
grounds
health,
part
square
and in flavour it is everythingthat a first-rate Melon ought to
bush
Apple trees on these stocks,4 feet apart,every tree a be, while for its handsome
a
it stands without
appearance
before saw.
and such grand fruit I never
picture of fertility,
to be
rival. This Melon, I feel sure, needs only to be known
Mr. Eivers said that many
other stocks of this race (ofwhich
Manor.
cultivated.
Owen
Thomas, Drayton
extensively
he has from sixteen to eighteenvarieties in one
bed, including
all give the same,
or
du Paradis"),
Mr. Scott's "Pommier
nearly the same, fertility.The latter seemed a good varietyof
AND
PORTRAITS
OF
FLOWERS,
PLANTS,
the Douoin, and quitedistinctfrom the dwarf French Paradise
FRUITS.
which it was growing.
near
(of which there are two sorts here),
Mr. Eivers pronounced it be a good stock.
Primula
japonioa
(JapanesePrimrose). Nat. ord.,PrimuBush Apple trees planted 4 feet apart,the ground not dug, laoeae. XinK.,PentandriaMonogynia.
"Mr.
Fortune, writing
but kept clean with the hoe, should be in every garden. Mr.
with by me, in full flower, in
met
to Dr. Hooker, says, ' It was
the
French
and
Bobinson's
on
both
English Paradise, gardens near
cordons,
Tedo, in May, 1861. I saved its seeds at the
six or eightyears old ; they time, and sent them home
some
now
are very healthy,and are
to England, but they failed to vegetate.
of fruit,
have failed to give any quantity
they have failed the
Since that time I
lost on
the voyage.
Plants also were
last three seasons, stilltheyare very pretty. At present,in my
efforts to introduce it into England, but only
have made many
Apple bushes on the Paradise stock are much to be last year succeeded in getting seeds to vegetate. For these
opinion,
fruit,and are but little seeds I am indebted to W. Keswick, Esq., of Hong Kong, and
preferredto cordons ; they bear more
trouble. Amateur.
which
Messrs. Walsh, Hall, " Co., of Yokohama,
gentlemen
of introducing a very lovelyplant into
have thus the honour
is now,
and
in
It
is
England,
perfectly
hardy
English gardens.
DISA
GRANDIPLORA
GROWING
FLOWERING
and
sea;
April26th, in full bloom in Mr. Bull's establishment at ChelAIR.
IN
THE
OPEN
and no doubt we
all beautiful,
several varieties,
there are
Its flowers ate crimson, and in
few years since the " Pride of Table Mountain," soon
shall have many
more.'
When
some
Disa grandiflora,
whorls, forming a pyramid, [Bot.Mag., t. 5916.)
long the opprobrium of the British Orchidvaceae.
Daewinii
Aeutilon
treatment of
yieldingto the thoughtful and judicious
(Darwin'sAbutilon).Nat. ord , Malgrower,
Mr. Leech, was
Linn
Monadelphia Polyandria. Native of South
successfallyflowered by that gentleman, great
the interest generallymanifested
was
[Ibid.,
by the Orchid-growingBrazil. Flowers orange red, stripedwith crimson.
Since then far greatersuccess
than Mr. Leech's
t. 5917.)
community.
Dendeorium
Dendrobe). Nat.
has been obtained by many growers of our acquaintance,and
eaeeatulum
(Small-bearded
Native of
well grown
and splendidlyflowered ord., Orohidacese.
to meet this Cape diamond
Linn., Gynandria Monandria.
India.
Flowers white.
in collections is not very rare.
Western
t. 5918.)
[Ibid.,
Nat.
Geevillea
of
ord,,
We ventured
to express an
intricata
opinion as to the feasibility
(InwrappingGrevillea).
Proteaccte.
the Disa being grown and flowered in the open air in a favoured
Linn.,Tetrandria Monogynia. Native of Western
t
.
in
if
in
the
the
Australia.
lemon.
of
Flowers
(Ibid.,
white,partlypale
5919.)
near
Ireland,
planted
spot
edge
grassy verge
the water,so as to have its toes (roots)
in it. The experiment
Daelingionia
californica
Darlingtonia). Nat.
(Californian
home
this season, and, we are happy to ord.,Sarraeeniaceoe. Linn.,PolyandriaMonogynia. Native of
has been tried nearer
vol. xx., p. 460.
results. To Dr. Moore, of Glasuevin, California.
See Journal of Horticulture,
say, with very satisfactory
attaches the credit of practically
demonstrating that this gem
4.5920)
(Ibid.,
of the South African Orchidaceas may not only be grown
Eranthemum
ocellatum
and
var.
(Eyed Scarlet
cinnabarinum
nogynia.
flowered successfully
in the open air, but that the brilliant Eranthemum). Nat. ord., Acanthaoes.
Linn., Diandria MoThe name
Flowers crimson.
colouring of its flowers becomes
Native of Monlmein.
so
vastly intensified when
blotches
grown, as compared with those of plantsflowered under glass. "eyed " is applicableto the pink and yellow-encircled
In the most interesting
the
the leaves." (I6id.,
t. 5921.)
spot of the Glasnevin Gardens
on
miniature artificialbog
Cypripedium
Lady'sSlipper).
niveum
we
recentlyhad the pleasureof seeing
(Snow-coloured-flowered
Native
the Disa growing and flowering
Nat. ord.,Orchidaoes.
Linn., GynandriaMonandria.
admirably, and, as remarked
above, the colour of the labellum and of the divisions of the of Malayan Archipelago. Flowers white, dotted with reddish
brilliant than we ever
before saw
of
Horticulture, vol. xx., p. 339.
perianthwas far more
it,or
purple. See Journal
as was
t. 5922.)
apparent in the spleadidly-grownspecimens to be seen
(Ibid.,
in-doors in the same
establishment.
The plant, it appears,
Utriculaeia
MONTANA
(MountainBladderwort).Nat. ord,,
had been started in the usual way, and turned out in the open
Lentibulariacefe.
Linn., Diandria Monogynia. Native of the
in
the
results
has
Indies.
White-flowered.
It differs from
other species
been just West
early
present season, with what
told.
t. 5923.)
by being terrestrial. (Ibid.,
We have little doubt from this and other experienceof the
Sedum
glandulosum
(GlandedStoneorop). Nat. ord.,CraaDisa that in suitable and properly-selected
sulacese. Linn., Decandria
Pentagynia. Native of Sardinia,
spots it may be
Colston Bassett

STOCK.

PARADISE

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

turned out and allowed to take

care

of itselfin winter

as

well

Flowers lilac"

t. 5924.)
(I6id.,

JOURNAL

216

OF

HORTICULTURE

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

[ September 21, 1871.

Episcia chontalensis
that theymay be used as substitutes for
(Chontalensian
Episoia).Nat. ord., in such a manner
Gesneraeea9.
Linn., Didynamia Gymnospermia. Native of animal food. It is to be hoped that one of these days some
Central America, being first found in the Chontales
regionof method will be discovered by which fruit and vegetablesmay
Nicaragua. Flowers white,with a slighttingeof pink. Leaves be packed and transmitted with as little damage as Australian
lobes.
beef and mutton, and the market
for these articles be placed
t. 5925.)
margined with brown purple
(Ibid.,
LiTHOsPEEMUM
Gastoni
(Gaston'sGromwell). Nat. ord., on a more
satisfactory
footingthan it rests npon at present.
Native
of
Mall
Monogynia.
Boraginaeeje. Linn., Pentandria
Gazette.)
(Pall
dark blue, with white eye.
the Pyrenees. Flowers
(Ibid.,
"

"

"

"

"

t.

5926.)

ROYAL
"
HORTICULTURAL
SOCIETY.
introduced
from
Tacsonia
New Grenada
by the
spboiosa,
late Mr. Bowman,
ing
flowerSepteilber
20Tn.
might have been seen last summer
in greatbeauty in one of the greenhouses at Chiswick.
It
G. F. Wilson, Esq., F.E.S., in the chair
Fruit Committee.
in the clear rosy red or carnation colour of its Mr. William
is quitedistinct,
Cross, sent three vei-y largebunches
Panl, of Waltham
Each of them was
between
flowers,from any of those previouslycultivated. It proves to of a new Grape,called Winter Muscadine.
be the Tacsonia
speciosaof Humboldt, Eonpland, and Kunth, 4 and 5 lbs. in weight. The berries are white,and become yellowish
when
a
nd
the
flavour
is
that
of
the
Muscadine.
The
Dr. Masters,who has made
ripe,
Royal
the Passion-flowers a
a plantwhich
Committee, while admiringthe magnificent
bunches, were of opinion
There are,
study,regardsas a varietyof Tacsonia tomentosa.
that theywere
not quite
ripe,and requestedMr. Paul to exhibit it a
half-dozen
Tacsonias
which
are
bo
indeed,he observes,some
littlelater in the season.
Mr. Earley,gardenerto C. M. Ingleby,
variable that it is impossible to separatethem by any absolute
Valentines,Essex, sent a bunch of Black Hamburgh Grapea,
Esq.,
character.
the parent of the greatVine at Hampton Court.
cut from
Though
" For
decorative purposes we have here arapid-growingclimber, the bunch
of
rod 13 feet long,it was
of sixteen grown
was
one
on
a
with downy branches, and shining deeply three-lobed leaves, large size,and the berries were
large,well- coloured,and of good
downy beneath, with hooked serratures, and having on the flavour,showingthat there is stillconsiderable vigour in the old Vine.
Mr. William
Paul sent a collection of eighteen different varietiesof
petiolesfour to six pairs of stalked glands. The stipulesare
Bristol, sent fruit ol
leafy,obliquelyovate, dentate,prolonged into a slender point. Plums. Mr. George Lee, of Clevedon, near
Pond's
FonthiU Plum, with the accompanyingaccount
or
Seedling,
The flowers are axillary,
the tube cylindrical,
green, 3 to 4 inches
it"
of
long,the sepalsexternallygreen, internally
red,the petalspure
"
Clevedon, September 19th, 1S71.
The coronet
is in two rows, the
rosy red or carnation colour.
Dear
Sib," I sent off this morning a little bos containing four Plums,
of small whitish purple-spotted tubercles; the lower, another sport,but the whole tree this time. The graftwas from Fonthill,
upper
but you
will see
the fruit is not so tapering at the stem, is darker, a
the base of the tube,membranous, white,and deflexed.
near
little earlier,and the wood
buds and leaves quite distinct from that
It is a splendidacotssion to an alreadybeautiful group of greenhouse
variety.
and appear to be a free flowerer,
Passion-flowers,
requir- "The tree is about ten years grafted, is about 7 feet high. It was
ing
grafted about 6 inches from the ground. The firstshoot the graftmade,
only the ordinarytreatment of conservatoryclimbers."
about 2 feet in length,was quite void of any buds ; the next vi^ar it started
and Pomologist,3 s., iv.,169.)
(Florist
from the extremity,but has grown
very slowly compared with other trees
"
Plum
Duke
For this fine new
Plum
we
of Edinburgh.
under
the
of the same
same
girth aliove and
circumstances,
age and
below
the Rraft 4 inches.
indebted to Mr. Dry, Hayes, Middlesex.
selected
I measured
It is one
another Fonthill tree, same
are
age;
this is 12 feet higb, and girth above and below the graft 7 inches ; but
from a numerous
batch of seedlingsfor its handsome
ance
appearof room,
but removed.
for want
they are and have been in a nursery
and very productivequalities.The name
burgh
Duke
of Edincut bade ; the under
of the sport have been
The branches
several times
has been given to it on
account
1 foot in
of its resemblance
to ones are nbout 1 foot 9 inches, and those towards
the top about
the stock is, but I will try and
Prince of Wales, to which
it has quite a brotherlysimilarity,length. I have not the least idea what
The ordinary size of the fruit is about
ascertain by taking up some
roots.
not only as regards its general appearance
but
and character,
sent. It is sometimes
quite egg-shaped, and
four times that of the Plums
also in the qualityof the fruits. The Prince of Wales, as is very distinctlyspotted all over.
Lee."
I remain
"c.,George
well known, is one
of the best of culinaryPlums, and a most
tarine,
NecMr. H. Eckford, Coleshill Gardens, Highworth,
sent a seedling
abundant
inferior. Mr. W.
bearer,and such is the character of this new variety,
called Coleshill,
the flavour of which
was
Franc Keal,
which
Summer
Paul sent a dish of Pears,among
were
with,however, a marked improvement in flavour.
Bon
The Dake of Edinburgh has fruits large,
Bergamot.
Chretien, and Autumn
roundish,inclining Poire Pcche, Williams's
sent a collection of ten small
at times to obovate,and having a shallow suture.
The skin is Messrs. Kivers " Son, of Sawbridgeworth,
the
and they were
studded
with
Plum
fruit,
trees,
pyramidal
literally
lightpurplish,with an extremely dense coatingof light-bluish
admiration
of the Committee.
They consisted of Belle de Septembre,
bloom.
The
stalk is short and
stout, inserted in a slight
Milan.
these
de
To
Late Black Orleans,Autumn
Compute,Imperiale
cavity; the flesh reddish yellow,thick,juicy,moderately rich,
stock,
Mr. E. Fenn, The Rectory,Woodcertificate was
awarded.
a special
and separatingfreelyfrom the stone.
It is a very abundant
exhibited three dishes of Apples one, the Kibston Pippin on
bearer.
The leaves are like those of the Green Gage. This
its
owu
the Apple stock,another the Eibston
roots,
Pippingrowingon
Plum was exhibited before the Fruit Committee
in Auaust,1869, after being graftedon a seedling from Blenheim, and a third the
and was awarded a first-classcertificate." (ibid.,
Ribston Pippin graftedon a stock raised from seed of the Blenheim
198.)
altered in its character
Pippin. The fruit of the last was certainly
Mr. Squires,
and appearance.
gardenerto H. G. G. Ludlow, Esq.,
ling,
MOEE
FRUIT
AND
WANTED.
VEGETABLES
Heywood,Westbury,sent a dish of Nectarines,called Heywood Seedbut the flavour was
not equalto other varietiesin cultivation.
Peehaps
of the chief reasons
one
temperance
why there is so much inMessrs. Sutton
"; Son, of Reading, sent a brace of very handsome
in this country is to be found in the difficulty
of
Cucumbers, called. Marquisof Lome, cut from a plantwhich has been
obtaining any good fruit at a reasonable price. How small a producingfruit since May last.
have ever tasted a
per-centageof the inhabitants of London
Mr. J. May, The
Gardens, Hayling Island,Hants, sent a dozen
considered by the Committee
Peach, for instance ! Grapes are a luxury only within reach
Shallots,weighing4 lbs. They were
awarded
of the wealthy, and, except sour
the
had
a specialcerciticate.
the
finest they
ever
Apples and Oranges,
seen, and were
mense
four heads of Garlic of imof
sent
Mr.
classes
have
fruit
which
their
Piccirillo,
Wigmore
Street,
call
no
own.
poorer
they may
size,weighing2 lbs. 6 ozs., and two roots of the Giant White
For some
reason
or other fruit appears
more
to become
scarce
lbs.
11
3
ozs.
and
the
3
lbs.
13
other
Onion, one weighing
ozs.,
Tripoli
each year in this country. Nectarines and Apricots,once
mon,
comawarded a special
2 feet 1 inch. They were
Their circumference was
are
now
appear
rarelyseen, and in a few years will probably dis" Co., Gracechurch
Street,sent
certificate. Mfssrs. Criscuolo,
Kay,
berries,
Strawaltogether. The same
may be said of Hautbois
the
Red Maggiola,
which
Italian
were
collection
of
Onions, among
a
which
a
as
quarter of a century ago were as plentiful
awarded
and Blood Red Tripoli.They wore
EarlyWhite Maggiola,
Gooseberries.
It would be an inestimable boon to all dwellers
certificatea special
in cities if largedepCts of fresh fruit and vegetables,
to be proChelmsford,
Broomfield
the
Mr.
Thomas
Lodge,
cured
Simpson,
gardens,
at reasonable prices,
to take the placeof the dirty sent tubers of what was
were
supposedto be a grafthybrid between the
mittee
little greengrocers' shops, where
stale Cabbages and
unripe Potato and the Jerusalem Artichoke,but in the opinionof the ComCollections
union had taken placebetween the two tubers.
no
mouldy fruit are retailed at exorbitant charges. Nor should
Messrs.
this be impossible,for there are few trades more
profitable of Potatoes were exhibited by Mr. R. Fenn, of Woodstock,
Sutton it Son, of Reading,Messrs. J. ": C. Lee, of Hammersmith,
than market-gardening
ments
; but the truth is that great improvecertiiifato
and Mr. Richard Deau, Bedfont, to each of which a special
have yet to be efieeted in the packing of fruit and vegetables, was awarded.
PotaMr. Feun
also exhibited a collection of seedling
and in the cooking of the latter. When
fruit arrives
of crossing
his mode
character, illustrating
topB of a vei7 interesting
at the greengrocer's shop it is too often in a damaged and
even
ing
different varietiesto obtain those varietieshe is desirous of establish"unfresh"
condition,and vegetables,which equallysuffer in
awarded a special
collection was
in generalcultivation. The
transit,are only purchased as luxuries for the simple reason
certificate.
diph of dessert
second
best
and
that,apart from their cost,few people know how to cook them
for
the
best
offered
were
Prizes
"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

HOETICULTUBE

OF

JOURNAL

218

i to exercise tbeir predatorypropenand commence

drifts,
of variety, William
Gabdineb, The Garirrespective
denSfLower EatingtonPark, Stratford-on-Avon.

in

Bities

"

ON

CATERPILLARS

FIRS.

SCOTCH

cut off a Scotch Fir tree in a

which
plantation,
you will perceiveis entirelycovered
young
NumberB
of Scotch Firs
kind of caterpillar.
with a peculiar
Larch and
affected in the same
are
way, but though there are
all
sides
the
have not
of
on
Firs
them,
caterpillars
Spruce
touched one, but have confined their depredations
to the Scotch
I

SEND

you

small branch

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

[ September 21, 1871.

of the crockeryware
as possible
should be hidden. The
spreadinghabit of many of this class of plants would
In some
able
matter of no difGculty.
it would be desircases
of cuttingsor young rooted plantsinto 6-inch
to put a number
pots,so as to form specimensquickly.Pots of 6 inches diameter suit
of this intermediate type ; and with
well for growingmany
subjects
it would be quite
to
good culture and a littleliquidmanure
possible
small pot;
get a largedevelopmentof plantin sach a comparatively
but if very largespecimenswere
size
be
sorted
redesired,a
largermight
cases

much

as

dwarf and

render

this

to."
"Phlox

subulata

tnfted stems,

[Mossi/
P.). A prettydwarf Hnd, with
moss-like
denselyclothed with narrow
"

ing,
creepleaves.

in Apriland May, in greatprofusion

with a
Flo2oer."i,
purple,
; pinkish
in few-flowered corymbs ; lobes of
darker centre (sometimes white),
had an instance of the kind before,and I
We have never
Fire.
entire
of
corolla arched.
notched, rarely
; tube
shall feel much
obligedif you or any of your correspondents corolla wedge-shaped,
Leaves, from ^ to ^ in. long, awl-shaped,
or
narrow-lance-shaped,
I have had them
tell zne how to get rid of the caterpillars.
can

P. setacea, has
fringedon the edges,pubescent,
rigid. A variety,
possible
the young
trees by hundreds, but it is almost imsmaller flowers,
with a straight
tube, and a palercentre ; its leaves
all off in a large plantation. John
to take them
also are not ciliated on the margin; the white-flowered form is grown
Larecn House, Kinlough,Bundoran, Ireland.
America.
The
rock
under the name
of P. Nelsoni. North

pickedoff

"

Massy,
[The

garden,

"

Fir spray was trulyenvelopedby the caterpillars.

They
Pini.
are the larvae of the Pine
Saw-fly,Tenthredo
They are
of
the
Pines
in
The
woodpecker eats
Germany.
greatscourges
and the fleld mouse
the pupse, into which form
the oaterpillar,
the caterpillar
usually passes in the soil beneath the trees.
We
shall be
Dusting with quicklime might destroy them.
glad to hear from correspondentson this subject.Eds.]
"

borders,in tufts,on

the

edges of

beds of low shrubs,in the small

in
in many
like positions,

ringsat the base of standard Koses, and

rather moist,sandyloam.
Division.

ViLLARSiA
NYMPHJEOiDES
[Common ViUarsio). An attractive
but
simpleleaves (likethose of a Water-lily
Flowers,in summer
floatingon the surface of the water.
smaller)
;
stalks as long as those of the leaf. Leaves,
on
yellow,borne singly
stalks
and
stems
or
on
roundish,
long
heart-shaped
creeping
rooting
;
"

"

British aquatic,with

at the

NEW

base,dichotomous,and ascending to the surface of the water,

leaf at each of the upper branches,and a terminal tuft.
single
Europe and Asia, and many placesin England and Ireland.
Division."
Lakes, ponds,and quietbays in streams.
with

BOOK.

Flowers : Descriptions
of Thirteen Hundred of the most
Ornamental
Species,dx.
By W. Kobinson, F.L.S., "o.
London
" Co.
: F. Warne
This is a very useful volume, and the nature of its contents
will be best made known
by two extracts :

Hardy

SOME

PREDATORY
GARDENS."

"

INSECTS
No.

OF

OUR

18.

*'
embraced
The onlyphase of the calttire of the Btibjectfi
SuBELT the littlemoth called the Yaponier (Org;ia
by this
antiqna),
book that requires
is one
of the liveliest of his family,or at least the male of the
any elncidatiou from me, is the culture in pots,a
But, for the reputationspecies,
his
for while he is gyratingin the summer
sunshine
way in which bat few persons will grow them.
it is very desirable that theyshould not be shown
in
of these plants,
at least his plumper,half sits in oomparativeobscurity,
or
better,
the wretched condition in which they are usuallyseen
at our
shows.
there is of
deprivedby nature of the power of flying. What
to be stated as to the generalculture of
Anythingthat really
requires
antiquatedaspect about the speciesto give rise to the Latin
in the open air,in borders,"c., will be found under
hardyperennials
I can hardly determine
was
suggested
; the English name
the head of the Mixed
Border; while the culture of the fastidious name
by the peculiarmode of flightof the male insect. But though
alpineplantsis fullydescribed in AlpineFlowers.'
*'
such
called
it
is
an
a vapouring,
irregularcapricious
really
We are pre-eminently
great at exhibiting;our pot plantsare far
movement
to be scarcelydefinable ; and this moth
at every
before those of other countries ; specimensare to be seen
as
can, if
'

show which

models
not onlyas regardsbeauty,but as showinga
are
alarmed,career along at a prettygood speed in a straightline,
fined
developmentof plant from a very small portionof conSeen about
though a zigzagcourse suits it best when at ease.
vicissitudes
in
earth exposedto many
one
respectwe have
the London
; yet
designatedby
parks and squares, it is occasionally
of alpine the
made no progress whatever,and that is in the pot-culture
from the fact of its being on
bypasseras a brown butterfly,
and herbaceous plantsfor exhibition purposes.
the wing in the day, and it is chased by many
a child with
Prizes are frequently
offered at our
flower shows for these plants,
The
is
fact
that only one British
success.
interesting,
and usuallyawarded, but the exhibitors rarely
deserve a prizeat all, varying
resembles the one before us, and
speciesis known which closely
for their plantsare usually
badlyselected,badlygrown, and such as
is
never
a
stageat all. In almost every other class it is as rare as its relative common.
oughtto appear
time or
The caterpillar
of the Yaponrer moth must at some
the firstthingthe exhibitor does is to selectappropriate
kinds
distinct
under
the notice of every gardener who
and then he makes
have come
and beautiful,
beforehand for exsome
hibiting another
preparation
them ; but in the case
of our
hardy subjects,
anybodywho
keeps an eye upon the insect life about him, as all gardeners
happens to have a rough lot of hardy miscellaneous rubbish exhibits might be expectedto do. It appears to feed on all sorts of trees
it,and thus it is that I have seen such beauties as the following
more
dent
and shrubs,and even
on
low plants too, should it fall by accithan
dead
exhibited : a common
Thrift with the nnremoved
once
upon anything to its taste. I fancy the specieshas rather
the green leaves ; a plant of Arabis albida
flower-stema drooping
over
at least for enclosed ground,though
or
for cultivated,
a partiality
which
has as little beautyin
out of flower ; the Pellitory-of-the-wall,
and other localities in the
it is also found in woods, fields,
flower as out of it ; not to speakof a host of worthless things
not in
hardly be said to occur in sufficient
open country. It can
themselves ugly,but far inferior to others in the same
families. What
abundance
to do any positive
injury,yet I have seen some fruit
if the same
would become
shows
carried out in
of our
tacticswere
of their leaves by the jaw work of these
trees nearlydenuded
other classes ?
Even
the most
successful exhibitors are apt to look
for they are very voracious feeders.
One of the
of caterpillars,
about, a day or so before a show, for the best floweringcuttings
such thingsas Iberis correcefoha,
connected
with the history
of the Vaand, stickingfour or fiveof these
singularcircumstances
into a pot, present that as a
and caterpillars
specimen." Now, what is so easily pourer is the fact that the moths, ohrysalids,
the
of
?
Iberis
into
neatest
as
an
specimens
By merely plunging
grown
may all be found togetherat a certain periodof the summer.
and putting
in the ground a few 6-inch pots filled with rich soil,
This is because the eggs are hatched a few at a time,not simultaneously,
in them a few young
cuttingplants,
theywould, left to Nature,' be
be an interval
so that there may
as in many
species,
little pinching,
in a short time,while with
and feeding,
good specimens
between the emergence
of the first young
of a coupleof months
be fit to grace any exhibition.
and pegging-down
they would soon
of the last. Mr.
and the appearance
each season
oaterpillar
the dwarf
other things of like habit and size
So it is with many
in print,and it partly
firstnoticed this circumstance
Newman
for
shrubby Lithospermum prostratum,
example; a littletime and
are
comparatively
the simplest
sHll will do all that is required.Such subjectsas the
explainswhy the ravages of the oaterpillar
with tinyshrubs like Andromeda
tetragonaand A. fastigiata,
inconspicuous namely, that the individuals are not all feeding
foregoing,
the Menziesias and Gaultheria procumbens, the choicerHelianthemums
in
batches.
successive
at the same
time,but appear
and dwarf Phloxes,and many
others enumerated in the selections of
In the winter months
a
glance at the walls or fences of a
exhibition plants at the end of this volume, might be found pretty
and eggs
the
bare
will
often
reveal tho cocoon
or
garden,
twigs,
the most fastidious growers of New Holland
even
enough to satisfy
since it passes the winter in the latter condition.
of this species,
plants.
foe to all caterpillars,
large or
U the horticulturistis a sworn
The very grass is not more
than plants
like Iberises
easily
grown
or
harmless, he will probablysquash or
and
Aubrietias,yet, to insure their beingworthy of a place, they small, troublesome
bud.
But
is it
life
in
the
burn these,and nip these germs of
weU-furnished
ought to be at least a year in pots,so as to secure
that these eggs stand the severest cold of winter
not surprising
to merit the character of beingwell
plants. Such vigoroussubjects,
the edge of the pots,and in all without having their vitality
thoughthe shellismuch
impaired,
over
grown, should fall luxuriantly
remarkable

"

on

"

*'

"

"

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OF

JOUBNAL

September 21,1871. ]

HOETIODLTUEE

AND

COTTAGE

GAEDENEB.

219

In our
show
of reason.
is common
in most cases a
gardens the caterpillar
thinner than that of birds' eggs ? It has certainly
remarkable
toughness as well as elasticity.The contents of the enough at times to be deemed a pest,and yet, as far as I know,
rious
are also fluid,
yet when plunged it does not do us material injury; partlybecause it feeds on vaeggs of butterflies and moths
fore
plants,and thereia strongfreezingmixtures they do not solidify.These eggs of
its
less
the Yapourer are, as alreadyremarked,depositedin the cocoon,
ravages are
marked
tacked
than if it attheories
yet not to any extent protectedthereby,though some
only one or two
have been spun out of this fact,and also out of that of the
cause
theories which it is reallyscarcely
species,and partlybewinglessnessof the female
"

the moth

that the eggs

One thing is certain
necessary to touch upon.
ation,
situof the Scarce Yapourer are depositedin exactlythe same
hatched
of a week or two.
and they are
in the course
the
commoner
also,the eggs of
speciesare some
Occasionally,
"

shows

tivated
speciallikingfor culground, but flies
and depositsits
about
indiscriminately,
eggs
preferringopen places

no

of Ihem

hatched the same

summer.
PluBia Gamma.
in colour,
Different caterpillars
of the Yapourer vary much
moth
guished
The
but the full-grownfemale caterpillar
Silver Y, or Gamma
to wooda.
can
(PlusiaGamma)
generallybe distinfrom the male by its greater size,and, as I fancy,it is occurs
throughout Great Britain and Ireland,being on the wing
the
end
of
from
not quiteso hairy. The ground colour is shades of grey, brown, in greateror less numbers
May to October.
and pink, the most
being the fine The speciesis one which all young entomologistsare sure to
prominent peculiarities
'"
in their excursions,and
elevated on the back, and a
with prettysoon
brushes " of hairs,which
make
are
acquaintance
of a nuisance.
slender tuft in the last segment, while from the second segment before long theyget to regardit as somewhat

mark
which adorns the wings of P. gamma
there spring two pencilsof hairs,which are black and diverge The singularsilvery
from each other.
In constructingits cocoon
ably,
this caterpillaris found in other speciesof the same
genus ; and unquestionit would be regarded
with
them in with the
not so common
its investiture of hairs,and weaves
if this moth were
removes

^ilk,of

which it has, seemingly,but a poor supply.

admiration.
of the Silver T both in the
Another
which is common
We
discover the caterpillars
hairycaterpillar,
upon fruit trees
kitchen and the flower garden feeding on
a
about London
in the mouth
of September is that producing the
great varietyof
4moth called the Daggers (Acronycta
the species
hocks
receiving plants,but rarelyor never ascending trees. I have seen HollyPsi),
states that in
its name
almost defoliated by them, and Newman
from some
peculiarmarks in the fore wings,variously
them
vine.
a Hop
his garden he has noticed
compared to the shape of a dagger,or to that of the Greek
every year upon
belongs to what are known as the Half-loopers,
letieipsi.The perfectinsect is frequentlyto be seen reposing This caterpillar
of trees in Jane.
The eggs of the specieshave
and when
it is reposingit arches its back and tucks in its head.
-on the trunks
marked
with white stripes. There
not as yet come
under
colour is greenish,
The
my observation,but I suspect they are
the leaves of the trees on which
is appear to be two broods of the caterpillars
the caterpillar
on
annually,one feed'deposited
viduals
indisome
It appears to be partialing-up in earlyspring,the other in the autumn,
found, not on the truck or branches.
each
brood
of
to the Fear, though feeding rather indiscriminately
growing more
on
slowlythan the rest of
trees,
shrubs.
This
be
brethren.
at once recognised their
caterpillar
'irarely
upon
may
by a singularlump of a deep black,which rises from the fifth
Kirby and Spenoe give a dismal account of the devastation
They say, " In the
segment, and which is long and perpendicular; at the anal committed by this moth in one instance.
of the body is a smaller and broader protuberance.year 1735 it was
multipliedin France as to infest
so incredibly
extremity
The colour generally
the whole
is a mixture of yellowand black : the head
country. On the great roads, wherever
you cast
'ds black and very shining,as is the case with all the Acronyctas. your eyes, you might see vast numbers
traversingthem in all
but
their
field
It is rather curious that another species,
from
to
directions
to
field,
A. tridens,so nearly
ravages were
pass
resembles this in the imago state that few entomologistscan
felt in the kitchen gardens, where they devoured
particularly

pulse or pot herbs, so that nothing was

left besides the stalks and veins of the leaves. The credulous
Another
autumnal
scribed,
multitude
moth, much largerthan the two justdethoughtthey were poisonous,report afiirmingthat
the eating of them had
been followed by
and which
instances
to be prettygenerallydistributed
in some
appears
of this alarming idea herbs
baneful effects. In consequence
throughout the British islands,is the sombre-looking creature
the soups
of Paris.
from
oalled the Old Lady (Maniamaura) and it is a frequenterof
banished for several weeks
were
distinguishthem.

whether
is markedlydifferent,
caterpillar
proving everything,

The

'the genuineness of the species. It is far less abundant.

It is not at all an
active species,though it will flap Eeaumur
has proved that a singlepair of these insects might
sort of stealthymanner
in one season
to the sweet compounds
produce 80,000." With all deference to so great
the latter fact is to be
which insect-hunters spread sometimes
I feel inclined to doubt whether
a name,
upon the trees as baits
for moths.
In fact this Old Lady, like other ancient dames
We may keep down
regarded as unquestionablydemonstrated.
two-footed and not six-footed,
within certain limits by the adoption of several
has several peculiarities.
Mr.
the Gammas
Newman
that " it is fond of resortingto summerobserves
plans. The eggs may be looked for as theyare deposited in

gardens.
along in

houses, boat-houses,sheds,"c., in the interiorof which it may

frequentlybe observed in the daytime sittingon the inner suriface of the roof.

once

counted

in
twenty-eight

boat-house

Godalming. A marked specimen has been noticed to return

house after being repeatedly
to the same
rejected."Quite true
to character this,old ladies are generallyobstinate.
Bat the
Old Lady moth
another penchant, which is decidedlynot
has

At

in which we can sympathise,and this was first pointedout

to me
by a non-entomologist. In addition to the resorts above
Earned the Old Lady moths
in certain placesof
are often found

"one

retirement which

it is

taste is not much

more

"

hardly

to name
this
necessary
; and
to the credit of the speciesthan the
of our
some
butterfliesfor decayingor

shown by
partiality
decomposing animal matter.
The caterpillar
of M. maura, like those of some
other Nootuse,
ieeds both upon
low plants and trees ; when
in a garden it
fruit trees. I think that in some
{(refers
pillars
the caterseasons
feed occasionally
during the winter on such plants as
Dock and Chickweed,being hatched in the autumn.
It ascends
the trees in springwith the firstappearance
of leaf-buds,
and is
fall grown duringMay. This caterpillar
is not often observed,
I believe

the leaves,or the caterpillars

on
may be hunted
for it is true in this,
as in other
earlymorning especially,
species,that as the earlybird catches the worm, so the early
of
the
A
caterpillars. good quantity the pupce
gardener secures
of the speciesmay be got by exercising
a little observation at
the rightseason, as they are not subterranean,but spun up in
to while
of silk in different plants. Or lastly,
white cocoons
idle hour, the horticulturist might take a net and
an
away
b
ut
to
chase the perfectinsects which come
freely flowers, it can
J. E. S. C.
hardly be expectedthat many will adopt this mode.

small clusters

up at

its habit

is to extend
its dull brown

NOTES
Theek

are

no

less distributed over

India, most of these possessing textile
fibres of great strength and utility.A few of the family are
in their sap ; of the
armed, and possess a greatdeal of venom
the north-east frontier,and in Burlatter class we possess on
U. heterophylla. However, its
mah, the powerfully-stinging
pain is only transient ; but there is a terrible tyrant of the
infiicts
dangerous symptoms and
woods, U. crennlata,which
awful

been the

afterwards that in the

source

of

some

alarm to gardeners,and not without

GLEANINGS.
speciesof Uktica, more
fifty-nine

or

itself upon
the branches
hue matches
very nearly
It is of good size,with a small
with the colour of the bark.
feel.
head, and has a very velvety
The insect shown in our
figureis one which has at times
"s

"duringthe day, where

AND

less than

touch.
ings,
Swellsufferingsfor ten days,on the slightest
sneezings,contractions of the jaws, and other tetanic
signs rapidly follow a singleprick. In the Calcutta Botanic
traveller and a workman
Gardens
were
a French
stung, and

each

suffered the above

contact.
It was many
I first made
forests of Assam

penaltyof

yeara
oonlai

OF

JOURNAL

220

HOBTICULTUEK

acqnaintanoewith the " Demon

Nettle,"as it is called in the
island of Timor, another habitat of this ferooions weed.
These
dreaded
guardiansof the wildernefla attain a stature of 10 or
12 feet,the stems about as thick as a human
arm
; they are

AND

COTTAGE

[ SopterobCT 21, 1871.

GAEDENEE.

The

Golden-variegatedWeeping Mountain Ash, two years

Mountain
Ash
grafted,standard high, on the common
(Pyrus

had in four separate cases

thrown
out from the
Aucuparia),
stock variegatedshoots
one
from the very base close to the
shunned
and
and
their
the
others
about
dense
wherever
beast,
equally
by man
ground, and
half-wayup, about 3 feet or 4 feet
columns
The variegation
are viewed, a hasty retreat is the rule.
from the base.
whiter than that of the
was
Occasionally,
will carry the invisible particles
and spiculaof the
a high wind
graft,and seemed to be first developedalong the midrib of the
and soon
inflict pains and ailments on the
leaves being only affected in this way, while
some
pest into a clearing,
leaflets,
naked squatter. I never
feared the plantby daylight,
having a others had the colour also developed along the course of the.
and Fomologist).
quick eye and a ready hand ; but it is on those occasions of main veins.^ {Florist
being benighted or losingyour way in such trackless regions
that the danger falls on
the wanderer
sudden and unexpected.
AMAZONICA
CULTURE.
EUCHAEIS
With
thick backwoods
clothingand stout buffalo-bide gloves,
The Bucharis amazonica
is one
of those plantswhich amply
the one
sole risk ; but it was
otherwise with my
my face ran
When
in bloom,,
half-clad native followers and the laden elephants. The latter repay all the attention bestowed upon them.
who does not admire
their snow-white
flowers,
contrastingso
wise creatures I reallybelieve are guided by acute powers of
well with the fine glaucous foliage
when in good health ? One
smell, and I frequentlynoticed they seemed to swerve
from the
of its greatestrecommendations
is,that it can be had in flower
straightline of travel in alarm at something unseen, probably
at any time by a little forethoughtand attention to its growth.
this vegetation,
as
moved
we
along in the darkness,with merely
in about Christmas
and the
We find them very useful to come
set by the stars or the compass
a course
!
Now
is a good time to look them over and see
springmonths.
The Snowy Nettle (Urtioa
nivea),is unarmed, still more
if any requirefresh potting; if so, let it be done at once, carefully
and attains the same
size as the last-described species:
common,
shaking out the bulbs,as the roots are easilybroken off.
it is known
Bun Ehea, or the wild Ehea, in contradistinction
as
the
the
bulbs according to their sizes,
Arrange
putting
large
to BoEHMEBiA, or true Ehea, to which it is closelyallied. My
at once, but not too many
into their flowering-pots
bulbs
ones
able
woodsmen, fishermen,"c., all used this very valucanoemen,
the largestsize in one
of
the
if
too
close
together
foliage
pot
;
fibre ; after beatingand washing off the pulp,we employed
to fullydevelope,and the flowers suffer. The
it for almost all the purposes of hemp, but it is very far superior has not room
smaller ones, being put into small pots, will require a shift
for all aquatic purposes, as it does not readilyrot by moisture
whenever the roots appear at the side of the pots. This lot
or exposure.
be grown on in autumn
month
six weeks later than
can
a
or
is largelycultivated in
Boehmeria, the Ehea of commerce,
the large ones
and will make a fine succession of bloom the
the frontier villages,
being the material of which the nets,
We find a good fibryloam, chopped up
The fibre followingspring.
fishinglines,"o., of the country are manufactured.
rather rough, with a good quantityof old Mushroom
dung
is solelystrippedoff by women
and children with the rudest
sifted through a fine sieve,with a sprinklingof silversand
tool imaginable,and hitherto no
machine
has been found to
should
well mixed, suits them
well. In potting,great care
equal it for cleanness of produce,though, of course, a very slow
be taken
the pots well drained, as they are very
to have
mode
of manipulation. It is one
of the moat handy plants,
when
of
impatient
although,
stagnant water,
growing, they
also one of the many
economic
products which were
originally
mosphere.
delightin plenty of moisture both at the roots and in the atintroduced into north-east India by the Shans, a people of the
Siamese
stock.
The tool above mentioned
merely consists of
After potting they should be placedwhere
they can have a
old knife blade and a flat pieceof bamboo, held togetherin
an
temperature of from 65" to 70" at night,with a rise of 16" by
the fingersto act as a plane. Eos.
and
{EnglishMechanic
the
littleshade
all
better
of
are
a
on
brightdaysday. They
World of Science.)
After they are in full growtha littlemanure
water may be given
with advantage ; and if a little soot is mixed with the above
THE
REV.
JOSHUA
DIX.
Grow
them
water, it gives the foliagea brighterappearance.
in this temperature until about the middle or end of Sepon
tember,
It is with the most painfulfeelingsthat we have to record
recommended
the smaller bulbs later,as
before,and
the decease of the Eev. Joshua Dix, M.A., which took placeat
in
them
until
stand
can
a
harden
off
they
ture
temperaof gradually
Langley, near Slough, on the 12th inst. Long a member
of from 50" to 55". If there is not much
at comroom
mand,
the Council of the Eoyal Horticultural Society,ever taking an
active interest in horticulture,
lay them on their sides under a stage where they can
and especially
in its floricultural
branch, his sympathies were too wide to be restricted to this have the benefit of light. Here they may remain for about six
branch
of the Council
one
of the weeks, givinglittleor no water, but syringingthem well every
alone, and as a member
day. When wanted to start,let them be taken to the potlingof the Floral Committee, we
Society,and as the firstChairman
have reaaou
benoh, examine the drainage,give them a rich top-dressing
; if
to believe it was
through his influence that much
of the useful work which of late years has been carried out by found to be rather dry,place them in a bucket of tepidwater
until the ball is thoroughly wet.
By plunging the pots in a
the Societywas
undertaken.
As a member
of Council and as
bottom heat of 80",with top heat at from 60" to 65",attending
Chairman
of the Floral Committee, he had at once
an
tunity
opporquently
to them well with water both at the roots and syringingfreof rendering invaluable service to the Societyby representing
through the day, if properly treated before,theywill
in the proper quarterany misunderstanding that may
their
fiower
We
have
had
throw
to
stems.
soon
begin
have arisen between the governing body and the practical
element
up
of the Society. His uniform
courtesy and geniality plants in bloom which stood for four and five weeks in an.
of January. {The Gardener.)
endeared him to all who had the privilege
of his acquaintance, entrance-hall in the month
"

"

"

"

"

"

"

and the active members

of the Societywill long cherish the
of the pleasant days when Mr. Dix laboured in
remembrance
the midst of them.

PROTECTING

FRUIT

FROM

WASPS.

within theWasps
and largeblue fiieshave been troublesome
last fortnight.Before that we did not see a wasp without chaseArTEE
the meetings of the Committees
of the Eoyal Horticultural
Whenever
he
in
most
cases
was
caught.
they
being given,and
for ordinarybusiness,
they adjourned show themselves
Societyyesterday
is to give them temptthe true policy
ing
earlier,
to initiatea memorial
of the late Eev. Joshua
to the memory
richin the sweet
bottles to go into and drown themselves
Dix.
It was
proposed by the Esv. H. H. Dombrain, and seconded
liquid.When once their feet are wet and their wings drenched
by Dr. Hogg, that a portraitof the Kev. Joshua Dix be they are
glass surface.
powerless to ascend by a smooth
procured,and, with the permission of the Council,suspended When
on
so
us
suddenly there is little chance ot
they come
in the Council-room
of the Eoyal Horticultural
at
Society,
in
when
few
numbers, though
comparatively
enticingthem
South
Kensington. A subscriptionlist was
opened in the such bottles will help to thin them.
We
have had as yet no
and
of
"20
subscribed.
Due
was
room,
upwards
publicitywill opportunityof testingthe mode of killingthem advertised in
be given to the subject,
and it is hoped that all who knew Mr.
For a simple trap nothing is better than twcv
our
pages.
will aid
Dix, and valued the work he has done for horticulture,
four bricks, with a hole or
set on
hand-lights,the lower one
an this laudable object.
in the apex of the glass; the upper glass is set
two made

carefully
the top of the lower one, and the space between
on
Stock
Inducing
Vistuffed with moss, and covered with sand ; or stiffclay may be
in
A well-marked illustration of this has recently used.
BiEGATioN.
A saucer
with sweet liquor and decaying fruit is placed
soom
been noticed by us at Mr. Noble's nursery at Sunningdale.in the centre of the lower glass. Wasps and large ffliss
Influence
"

or

the

Scion

upon

JOTJBNAL

September 21,1871" ]

HOETIOTJLTUEB

OF

have
of
in. Like higher races
the wisdom
to go out as they came
existence whose
soaring ambition too often proves their ruin,
they flyupwards, find the holes in the hand-light,get through,
and flyabout in the upper glassuntil they fall down exhausted.
of a wasp unmoved,
even
Those who cannot bear the sufferings
put all such quicklyout of pain and trouble by lightinga
may
in the lower glassin the evening,
paper dipped in brimstone
before the morning.
and the fumes will be almost dissipated
fine
The
best securityfor in-door crops is to stretch some
the openings intended for ventilation,so as
gauze nettingover
and
even
and
out
wasps
to allow the air freelyto pass,
yetkeep
well to dislodgeants
after syringing
small flies. On walls

find it out,and after taking what they want, very seldom

COTTAGE

GABDBNBB.

221

this heat, be it observed,is not taken

the surface,
but at
near
is
the bottom
of the border next to the drainage. The concrete
which at least 1 foot of
laid at 4 feet from the surface,over
the
is placedin
clean rubble is laid. A 6-inch air-drain-pipe
the drainagewas placedturf in
centre of each compartment, over
All was carted in dry weather,and
sods of B inches in thickness.
when the soil was neither too dry nor too wet. Over every layer
added a good sprinklingof boiled inch bones, a little
of sods was
The rougher
rubbish.
rough clean plasterers'
soot, and some
the
the soil
better,porosity being the first consideration.
and
in
the
Vines
summer
delightin,and
Mulchings
waterings
There
rich water too.
is here
with the drainageand

nicating
pipes commuborder,two for
each compartment, placed near
where the Vines are planted,
ning
runof the wall,or even
and woodlioe,and tarringthe bottom
the
which a supply of liquidto the roots is given when
of fresh soot along" much
a cordon
may be done to keep and by
it.
There
is a largemain drain along
all intruders by coveringwith fine Nottingham netting, surface may not require
away
the
to
insure
all
list
the
front
of
at
or
so
as
the
wall
of
border,
perfectdrainage
by
to the top and bottom
"making it secure
in winter by any other
The
borders are not covered
individual fine fruit, times.
tape. Small pieces may be used to cover
wbich exmaterial
of rotten manure,
than a surface-dressing
cludes
but it is often difficult to fasten it properlyabout the stem
the growth of fibrous roots near
of Peaches and Nectarines,
frost,and encourages
in the case
when
the footstalk,
as
is short. We have often used cotton wadding with good effect,the surface.
The Heath
and New
Holland house is a noble structure of
the paper side inwards and
placing it thinlyround the fruit,
13 feet in height,
96 feet in length by 17 feet in breadth, and
the woollyside outwards.
Hardly any insects will venture on
the loose cotton, as their feet become cloggedup and entangled. with stone table in the centre, stone shelves at each side,and
a broad
littleinjured.
path all round the house. Lady Eolle took greatinterest
Pat on very thinly,
the flavour and colour were
lections,
in the Heaths, of which she had one of the most extensive colOne of our cheapestresources, however, for fruit out of doors
and would not allow any other plantsto be grown in
than their legiwhen insects and birds threaten to have more
timate
in
the
house.
Mr.
had
itis
taken
same
Glendinning
greatpride the
share,is to gather a good quantityof fruit before
fullyripe so ripe as to tempt the marauders, and then assist Heaths, and left them in the best of order. There are now
when
Mr. Begbie
less than one-third,and there were
as
no
so
more
them to ripen with a little heat in rather a close vessel,
to prevent the juicesof the fruit evaporating. We often help arrived here in 1869.
The
Camellia
house, besides the Heath house, was designed
Peaches, Nectarines,Plums, Apples, and Pears in this way,
and erected by Mr. Glendinning, and they bear traces of his
and, full of rich juice,no one would know at the dinner-table
called
both
The house now
the
same
being models of their kind.
that they had not been taken ripe from the tree
day. talent,
are
The
latest and hardest Pears, the Camellia house, and where Camellias
planted out and
birds have begun on some
of our
supply of cut flowers from
and
for that there is no remedy, as
they would shrivel if fillthe house, affords an enormous
October
until April; indeed, there are few if any places in
the first Pear of Williams's Bon Chretien
gathered. When
England which could have suppliedduringthelast winter sixteen
was
picked,we took that as a hint to gathera lot of the most
where they dozen of cut flowers daily for sixteen days,and after a short
forward fruit,
and to placethem, covered
up at first,
cessation repeated the process without
mellow.
Much
and
injury,but rather to
would, after a littlefull exposure, be jaiey
then.
loaded even
be done in this way to secure
untouched fruit when other the advantage of the plants,which remained
may
This house
was
formerly the orangery, and Oranges were in
are wanting." E. F.
means
those days grown in tubs, and were
very fine trees.
Some years ago Lady Eolle wished to have her Orange trees
the
h
ad
erected
near
a noble
house, and, therefore,
orangery
BICTON."
No. 2.
adjoiningthe mansion, and so placedas to be in connection
The
Eesidence
Baeoness
Eolle.
or
with the library. It is ridge-and-furrow-roofed,
87 feet in
The Vines at Bieton could not have been in a satisfactory
some
lengthby 52 feet in width,and 21 feet in height,with a handSeveral
"state in 1869,neither are they at the presenttime.
Portland
the middle,and branching off
stone path down
Vine
have
been
made
new
borders,however,
by concreting, towards the privatechapel.Owing to some
neglectunderlormer
"dividing,
draining,and ventilating.The late vinery in the management, either in the concreting,
draining,or soil of the
"kitchen garden is a fine house 68 feet long by 16 feet 6 inches
borders in which
they are planted,the Orange trees,once the
inside border
in width,the Vines in which are planted in an
sad picture. Three
a
pride of Bieton,are now
parts of them
Vines
said to have
at about 2 feet apart. These
been
are
are
and gone beyond
dead, the others followingthem rapidly,
and
mildew
afterwards
is said
soon
planted about twenty years,
any gardener'sekill to recover.
to have taken and kept possessionalmost to the presenttime.
The kitchen garden includes about four acres, and furnishes
"Scrapingoff the Vine bark in the winter,and proper dressings, an ample supply throughout the year of every kind of garden
followed by summer
to have conquered the
sulphurings seem
produce for a largeestablishment.
for we
could detect little,
if any.
Want
of drainage
There are two specimens of Wistaria
"jaiildew,
one
sinensis,
ing
measura
was
4 feet 8 inches at the base,and coveringthe roof of a tool
great defect,for water was reached within 30 inches of
the surface.
Excavations
were
made, concreted,drained,air- shed 54 feet long by 15 feet wide. The other tree runs
72 feet
the coping of a wall, and is a trulygrand sight in early
pipeslaid,and divided into compartments for six borders. The
on
divisions are only brick thick,and give each Vine its own
it flowers profusely,and also in earlyautumn.
partment. spring, when
comEeplanting a vinery by this plan, the having to Near this stands the standard Wistaria,which was supported
sacrifice a whole
house for two or three years, is superseded. originally
by stakes,but is now nearlyself-supporting.Pinus
The questionis,whether it is necessary to replantat all,
unless
close by is 71 feet high,and measures
8 feet 2 inches
macrocarpa
mistake
worthless
have
been
by
a
sort may
introduced ; the
at the ground, and at 3 feet,7 feet 4inches. This tree has often
roots being so perfectlyunder
be
shown
but
has
can
Mr.
they
control,
not coned,yet
fed,topas yet
pollen,
Cox, of Eedleaf,
soil added, and even lifted without injury in Kent, has had it coned
dressed,.root-pruned,
there,but it has not shown any
to the following
crop. It is,therefore,
only when having found
pollen.Abies Morinda has also coned at Eedleaf,and S(=edlings
that a bad variety and there are some
of them much
talked of raised from home-grown seeds are
9 feet high. Wellingnow
that
to
Justnow
dig it out,relayyour drainage,tonias have not done so, and we should much like to hear ifit
you may have
the
and
another.
has
plant
done so elsewhere in England.
"change soil,
Mr. Begbie considers the system of air-drains commencing
'The flower garden on the east and west is bounded by magnificent
the front of the Vine border and ascendinginto the house
on
Magnolia walls,which produce an enormous
quantity
of great importance, not only as a purifier
of the soil,
but by of blossom during the autumn
months.
At present they scent
a judicious
opening and closingof them a much
higher root the air for a very great distance. Those walls are valued very
temperature may be secured than by the ordinary method.
will not allow any other plants
highlyby Lady Eolle,who justly
"When we were
at Bieton, in mid-August, 73" to 75" was the
other wall-olother being entitled to
to have a placethere ; no
heat in such borders, and during the summer
the average, Mr.
with it.
compare
Segbie said,is over 78",secured by sun heat alone, by opening
Beech trees at Bieton are clothed with Ivy,but branching
the air-pipes
about 9 a.m., and shuttingthem at 4 p.ii.,and
trees,Mr. Begbieobservei,suit it best,and on those it has
"

"

"

"

AND

row
of 4-inch
surface of the

222

JOUBNAL

OF

HOETICULTUEB

AND

COTTAGE

GABDENEB.

[ September 21, 1871.

reached to the top. Smooth trees it does not ascend so rapidly,

All honour to them, I shall ever regardthem as ' friends
doubt owing to the smooth
no
snrface.
in need, therefore friends indeed,'and I have great pleasurein
Bicton is a model
in all the departments of gardening,
and
recordingmy feelingsregardingthem."
^hen the errors of the past are rectified,
which they will be in
We have paused to consider whether we could by our pen
will
excel
it
in
a year or
gardening. All the do justiceto the ornamental
two, no place
garden around the house, and
minor detailsare oared for,and we will here quote Mr, Begbie's have concluded that we could not.
If there were
arrangements
"
words
For this I give great credit to the old workmen
own
of ribbon borders,or systematiccombinations of beds,we could
of them
born and
have drawn
employed in the gardens,old men, some
plans and detailed the planting.But the beauties
reared about the place,and who
have such an abhorrence
of of the Bicton flower garden are not so constituted.
They arise
weeds in all shapes,that they never
require to be told to keep from rich flower beds,placedso as to agree with the very varied
them underground. I wish it to be put on record that they are
surface of the turf ; therefore we
called in the aid of the
I am
industrious,hard-working, and obligingmen, of whom
draughtsman, and the views with which he has supplied us
proud; and I have great pleasure in ascribingthree parts of will enable our readers to estimate that which we should fail if
the merit of keepingthe place,as it should be, clear of weeds
we
attempted to describe. Adjoiningthe mansion is a temple
and rubbish,to them.
I have yet another word to say of my
facing the church,from which there is a view of much of the
and young gardeners,for to them
foremen
is due much
of the
ornamental
garden our artist has represented this,and the
merit of having cleaned out mealy bug and other filthy
insects
view from the church up to the temple.
from the houses and plants. Noble fellows I shall call them,
We will conclude with a few desultory
notes.
that have never
The whitening appliedto the glass for moderating the light
thought of the hours they so freelytoiled on
from sunrise to long after sunset, and that without fee or reand heat from sunshine is toned with Brunswick green.
Thea^

ward.

"

"

viridis is in the open

air, and unprotected throughout the
winter. Coffea arabica was
in berryin the stove. The Bamboo,
Bambusa
arnndinaoea,had thrown up stems 12 feet high this
to the surface last winter.
year, though killed down
Many
bush Camellias endure the winter without protection,
and so
does Abntilon
vitifolium.
It bloomed
last April. We
saw
stored away
the old stems of Bananas
entirelycoated with the
reliesof mealy bug. Those now
growing in the stove are among
the most healthy we have ever seen.
The system of culture
is to cut down the stem as soon
its
as it has perfected
fruit,
place to be supplied by one strong sucker which has been
the winter.
Alfostered by its side. Cyoas revoluta endures
pinia nutans grown out of doors was in flower in mid-August.
The fernery
is very well stocked with small but vigorousspecimens.
In the figgerythree crops are ripenedannually namely, in
March, July,and October.
now
at Bicton is the culture of Ginger
Among the specialties
ing
for preserving,
and Mr. Begbie has obligedus with the followdetails of its culture.
The desserts have to be supplied
I have endeavoured
with home-grown Ginger during the year.
to calculatehow an acre
of glass devoted to the growth of this
have been considered
10 to 12 lbs. yearly
plant would pay. From
as
an
rally
ample supply, which has, I believe, been genetimes
in
and
other
in
at
Melon
a
pit,
pigeon-holed
grown
I am informed,having been
a deep frame ; the modus
operandi,
"

"

to keep the Ginger roots in boxes of dry earth, which

weri*
placedin the Palm house during the winter months, and sc'
placed that the heat did not get too low in winter. In earl;"i
the roots were
overhauled and
spring about the Ist of March
plantedin pans or pots,and put into one of the Fine stoves to
When
the
had
made
from
2
to
3 inches of
plants
vegetate.
then divided,potted into 3 or 4-inch pots,
growth they were
and were
afterwards grown
in heat until the pots were
weB
filledwith roots, and then planted out in a deep pitor frame
which suitable soil to the depth of 12 toon
a bed of leaves,over
15 inches had been placed,so as to get warmed
for
sufficiently
the receptionof the plants. After planting,all that was
quired
reto take proper care in airing,
was
watering,and syringing,
The Ginger harvest is past, and
as the case
may have been.
about a quarterof a hundredweight of Ginger sent to the house
This leaves me
with ample stock for
for preservingpurposes.
the acre of glass,if such a projectwas likely
to lead to fortune.
"
is
all
in
10-inch
stock
My
pots, and when full of
grown
Ginger the pots contain from half a pound to one pound each.
water
I begin about this time (mid-August)
to withhold
very
graduallyuntil the tops are well matured, as well as the roots ",
which will be earlyin September, the pots are laid
afterwards,
their sides,being dry and properlyripened.
on
"
the same
as for Caladiums"
The winter treatment is precisely
which should be kept in a temperature not under 60".
"
Now all will be right until early spring,say March
Ist,
"

"

JOUBNAL

September 21, 1871.]

OF

HOKTIOULTUBE

when the pots should be introduced into heat in a Pine pit,

Melon or Caoumber frame, where there will be a bottom heat
of about 80", with top heat in proportion. The roots,if they
show
oared for or attended to, will soon
have been properly
their young growths as thick as a mat, and when they have
sprung from 2 to 3 inches take and divide them into small bits
with shoots to each ; pot in 3 or i-inch pots in sandy fibrous
of
loam and peat in equal parts,to which a good sprinkling
Put them back again in the Pine
silver sand has been added.
pit, for a time, or until the pots are
Melon, or Cucumber
well filledwith healthyroots, then repot before theybecome
6-inch pots ; but you will
use
pot-bound. If time is plentiful
have now
reached the 1st of April,when there is generally
be transferred to 10-inch
should
of
so
plenty work on hand, they
with the addition of a small
sort of soil,
pots,usingthe same
When
this last
portionof well-decayedcow or deer manure.
"pottingis over place the pots in an earlyvinery, where they
will not be too far from the glass,and where they will have
plenty of light. Be careful not to use cold water ; always use
water of at least the same
temperature as the house in which

80" to 90" bottom

as that given to succession Pines
same
heat ; top heat may range between 70" at night to 100",or even
112" by day, with air and moisture.
"
Attend well to sprinklingsand waterings the plantswill
enjoyliquidmanure, properlydiluted,occasionally
; that from
"

"

deer

dung

is proper.

WORK
KITCHEN

FOR

HARDEN.

As soon as that portionof land intended for trenching falls

in hand, let that operationbe set about.
Stifftenacious soils
better be ridged,so that
action of the weather.
Cabbages of a solid character

had
the

largesurface may be exposed to

Let all the remaining summer
be out- over
in order to obtain a
The late sowing of Brown
Dutch

of sprouts.
Lettuce should be got in without
delay. The cultivation of
Watercress should not be omitted in the series of salads.
A
but wherever the advantage
damp shady border is not unsuitable,
of a small stream is poSBesBedpreferenceshould be given. If
the trimmings from the bunches are thrown in throughout the

good

season

BucceSBion

regularsupplyof freeh young

FEUIT

Those who
do so. The

Cress may

be obtained.

GAKDEN.

have not completed Strawberry plantingshould

prohficHautbois planted now 6 inches apart on

AND

223

GABDENEE.

COTTAGE

it to be
theyare placed. I prefer

warmer,
say
be about the root temperature if the pots are
the hot-water pipes,as is the plan here.
over

80",which should
placedon a shelf

Water sparingly,
and keep the plantsexposedto light. On no
syringeslightly,
allow them to get drawn

account

rather stop the tops, bo that

throw out more

young shoots.
"
We
have now
arrived at the let of May, when we look out
four in number, 9 feet by 8 feet,and, it necessary,
our
lights,
have them
paintedand glazed,so as to have them in good
We then turn over
order and as nearlyair-tight
as poBsible.

they may

oak or
leaf heap, and make
our
up a good bed of sweet,warm,
other leaves,3 or 4 feet deep, and well line outside the rough
wooden
pit,which is a fixture of about 6 feet deep at the back
by 4 feet in front,and is made up of rough deal slabs,with a
level planedpieceof deal top and bottom, so that the lights
fit properly,
and exclude cold air.
"
We have then our 10- inch pots all ready,and plunge them
quicklyto the rims, taking care the bottom heat does not
exceed 90". This formidable operation,or rather simple one,
the
treatment is precisely
the summer
being

accomplished,

"
Stop the shoots when they reach the glass,takingoaro
that only a few are so stopped at a time ; but they are the'
better of not beingovercrowded."
At the earliest opportunitywe purpose publishing
the " Cata-

with
logus LignoBUB BietonensiB,"
Conifers.
raisingseedling

THE

Mr.

io
Begbie'sexperience

WEEK.

well-manured beds will succeed well. The housing of fruit

should now
Let it be borne in minif
have constant attention.
that
from
two

it is not

requisiteto gather all dessert Pears or Applea

tree at one
period,it is far better to collect them at
distinct periods; a more
complete succession would he
a

obtained by such

meanr.
FLOWEB

QABSEN.

will stillrequireoccasional lookingagainstthe effects of high winds which,

be expected. Unless seed is wanted cut away decayed
may now
flowers and useleBs shoots,for,althoughlate,
every care should
in beauty for as long a time as the
be taken to preserve them
Herbaceous
will permit.
plants will likewise require
season

Hollyhocksand

after to

secure

Dahlias

them

decayedflowers removed, and such as are still in

carefullytied-up. Asters,some
Phloxes,"c., will now
be making a fine show, and should have corresponding
care
the stalks of
bloom

224

JOtTRNAL

bestowed
on
raked over,

OF

HOBTICULTURB

Let the borders

be cleaned and neatly
them.
vacant placeswith spare Chryeanthemums,
filling
spring-strnok
bulbs. As the season
Paneies,or spring-flowering
is now
advanced, the propugationof all the more
considerably
mportant bedding-outplants should be brought to a close as
quicklyas possible; late-struck cuttingsare bad to keep through
the winter,through having an
insufficientnumber
of roots
and

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

[ September 21, 1871.

will do, and no fire heat will be requisite

for a long time.
They should have a lightsituation not far from the glass,and
should receive frequentwaterings with tepidand clear manure
water in a very weak state. The Lachenalia family should now
be brought forth and potted; such on a greenhouse shelf will
flower in February. The Heliotropes,
Scarlet Geraniums, "e.,
should also have a lightsituation very near
the glass.

house

ill-matured wood.
Let Scarlet and other Geraniums
struck
BTOVE.
in the open ground be taken up and potted immediatelythey
All stove plantswhich had been removed
to the conservatory
have made
roots ; theywill requirea close frame for a week or
or other structures should
be taken back to their permanent
now
two, when they should be placedon a dry bottom in a southern
stations without
sakes and for the
delay,both for their own
them
to harden
for the winter. For the same
exposure
pose
purVerbenas, Petunias, See.,struck in pans and intended to sake of a general arrangement in other structures. Give a
however,
be kept in them
through the winter should be placed in a most liberal ventilation at this time, not forgetting,
to accompany
it with much
warmth, for the hardening of
similar situation,
at the same
time stopping the pointsof the
is
carried
not
of
out
growths
means
by
chillingdraughts,but
shoots.
It should,in fact,be a point to keep them as hardy
as
possibleby fullyexposing them until they are placed in by high temperatures, accompanied by a free perspirationfrom
the leaves of the plants. Much
attention must
be given to
their winter quarters.Mignonette for winter and spring flowering
the above
The
Orchids
circumstances.
are
I have always advocated layering watering under
yet be sown.
may
scarcelyan exception aa to the above atmosphericconditions
"Carnations and Picotees early, and if my
directions have
They, too, must be hardened into ripeness in the pseudobeen followed out, the layersshould now
be well rooted.
The
bulb.
compost for potting should be turfyloam well rotted. This
PITS
AND
FRAMES.
be beaten with the back of a spade,but by no
must
means
The whole winter's arrangement as to the disposalof these
it is highlyessential that the soil
as
pass it through a sieve,
structures should be determined
on
should be porous ; to this may be added one-fourth river sand
soon, and a regularscheme
laid down and progressively
acted upon
accordingto the order
and a small quantityof rough charcoal. On taking oU the
layersfrom the parent plant or stool,it will be necessary to of the affair. In an ordinarygarden it is quitea puzzle with
a limited
number
of
such
to apportion them
to the purposes
"cut back that part of the stem by which it was attached to the
joint which had teen divided. Should any of the leaves be in hand. The half-hardythings requirea frame or two ; some
surplusstock belongingto the greenhouse or conservatory, but
"withered they must
be removed, and two pairs of the lower
not quite good enough to be placed there at present,require
ones
may be shortened. The soil for pottingthe plantsshould
Where
wintering; the Neapolitan Violets want a frame.
be sweet.
Do not put manure
or
any other excitingagent in
matters of this kind are not sufficient for the purpose, attention
the compost.
Put a pair of layersin each pint pot,then water
should
be
turf pitsas adverted to
immediately given to some
to settle the soil about the roots,and when
dry place them in
in this day'scalendar. W. Eeane.
a cold frame
on
a
stratum
of sand.
The old stools may
be
planted in the open border,they vfilloften produce in the succeeding
summer
a good quantityof pipings,which
cannot fail
DOINGS
OF
THE
LAST
WEEK
to be highly useful to the amateur
if he wishes to increase his
stock of them.
Auriculas will soon
KITCHEN
GABDEN.
require a share of the
florist'sattention ; examine the pots to see none
soddened
Ran the Dutch
hoe among
all growing crops where we could
are
with wet ; if so, immediately look to the drainage. Pansies
find room
for it,as the smaller the weeds
the more
quickly
and Pinks which
have
been
be carefully does a day of sun
make
them
planted out must
disappear. A loose surface is
tended,the large earthworms being apt to pull them up. If also desirable,
it prevents caking and cracking,and allows
as
these are troublesome pour a small quantityof lime water in the rain to pass more
sowed
few pieces of
a
freely. We
their holes. Take care of the seed of the earlyflowers,shade
Lettuces
the
chance
the
of their standing thickly over
on
and thin the blooms, trap earwigs,and draw-upthe soil round
winter.
These generallystand beet when
the mere
surface of
"^he crowns
of the roots.
the ground is stirred,
and what lies beneath is rather firm.
AND
We planted out lots of Lettuces and Endive
in at the
OONSEEVATOKT.
to come
GKEENHOUSE
All the more
tender
be
end of autumn.
As soon
greenhouse plants should now
es
possiblewe will throw-up some
and
the
housed,
few remaining out may
be allowed a short
wide-based,sharp-topped ridges,and plant each side and the
time longer, provided the weather
The harvesting
continues dry. As the
apex with smaller plants to stand the winter.
majorityof our massing plants require for their preservation has interfered with a good many of these littlejobs,and we suppose
only sufficient protectionto secure them from the direct action
in the same
we
are
predicament as many
gardeners
"of the frost,
pits of the moat inexpensivepharacter are genewho see every day what ia wanted
to be done, and yet cannot
rally
found adequate for the purpose.
It is a very common,
discrimination
find time to do it. It requiresmuch
to attend
and
at the same
time a very injudiciousplan, to thrust
would suffer,
under
theea circumstances
to subjectswhich
or
the general stock of cuttings into greenhouses, vineries,
sowed
Radishes
of
by delay. We
or, prevent regularsuccessions,
in fact anywhere and everywhere,to the
which
shall
of
for
the
last
the
kinds
in
nice
we
a
injury
plants,
crop
open place
which are excited when
where we can
have without
sow
they should be at rest, and by no
any protection. We will soon
means
to the advantage of the proper
the plantsin a cold night. We
occupants of the place old sashes or a mat over
houses, as the plagues of insects and mildew are too often introduced
often think that sweet crisp Radishes earlyin spring are
more
by the crowding-in of Verbenas, Calceolarias,
there is a cessation of their appearance
in the
and
relished when
other beddingstock.
It is a good time to set about the conmonths.
who has a Cucumber
A man
at his
struction coldest winter
of store pits if proper accommodation
ber
is not already table every day in the year, cannot enjoythe first crispCucumpossessed. They should be excavated to the depth of 18 inches,
who
does not see
in February or March, like the man
a
and drained so that no
water can enter ; a few layers of turf Cucumber
for a month
It is quite a mistake
to let
or two.
and a framework
of wood to receive the lights,
ever
ladies and gentlemen be gluttedwith any one
thing. The very
mats, or whatoften givesan additional zest.
may be provided,will complete the necessary preparation. idea of comparativescarcity
The employment of heatingapparatusmight in
be
We cleared the ground as fast as we could of Peas and early
cases
many
"obviated by followingthe practiceof sinkingpits,allowingonly Broad Beans, and after threshing them will nee
the straw for
the glass roof to be exposed to the weather.
In France and
various protectingpurposes ; the ground will be turned-np and
Belgium Camellias, Oranges, and many
tender greenhouse planted. We
have used the crowbar
for some
strong late
plantsare preserved uninjured through severe
winters by the
plants. Part of the ground will be trenched for next year's
adoption of this plan. The precautionmost necessary in this root crops, and in their case the rough manure
will be thrown to
"oonntrywould be efficient drainage,moisture being almost as the bottom of the trench.
bad aa frost. Proper attention to this and ventilation would
the
Cucumbers
back
in
the
small
We
pit that have
pruned
make
them fit receptaclesfor a vast number
of tender plants. borne all the season, treated as previouslydescribed. They
The Persian and other
as
wo
can
seemed
potted
especially
too good to be thrown
Cyclamens should be examined and reaway, more
when
Those
autumnal
Roses
which
have
turn the nice young plants that are to succeed them into 0 and
necessary.
undergone a course
the
of preparation in order to have good 9-iuoh pots, and thus have them
strong before we remove
blossoms throughOctober and November, should be got into old ones.
We have in a pit a few plantsgrown over the surface
shelter towards
the end of the month.
w
and
those,showing freely,ill
Any oidinarygreen- of a bed in the common
way,
_

"

JOURNAL

226

OF

HOETICUIiTtJBE

out of sight,and we
rollerswould be for puttingwormcasts
of croquetis to be
a game
since. When
have used them
ever

[ September 21, 1871.

GARDENER.

COTTAGE

AND

AL0CA.SIA
METALLiCA
javanicuB
and
Pandanus
{E. T. J.)."Paudauus
in a greenhouse with a temperature
P. utills will succeed
water
not lower than 45*^in winter,keeping it rather dry, or with no more
than finough to prevent the foliage from
shrinking. Alocasia metallica
in a warm
also be wintered
greenhouse ; but to do well in summer
may
65" to 70-, and 75^ to 90" by day,
it requires a night temperature of from
moisture
and slightshade.
with abundant

variegatus and

the
to dissipate
the day, the roller helps much
dew, as well as to leave the ground smooth and level for mallet
so
and ball. It is of importance to have sueh things made
stout boy. In
or
a
lightas to be easilymanaged by a man
Wages
Reduction
of
(Short Wages)." Wq can hardly advise you how
is
labour
in most gardens
generally to act, as we do not know all the circumstances.
to be
Your course,
these days, when
power
have
declined the reduction
when
to
of your wages
was
machines
quiring
reis
well
straightfoiwurd,
it
to
avoid
less than the requirements,
in
It

playedearlyin

two

more

or

men

to work

June.
to the country place
moved
you have received these
whether you had something to make up the loss in
since
reduced wages
for three months
sum
fear your
we
or
not
taking the reduced
other ways
would
be a bar to your legallydemanding what
paid at the other
you were
to take a fourth less wagea, or even
seem
place. Why did you consent
to do so ?

you

them.

"

heavy rains of last week rendered pickingover the beds

fered
should not be internecessary, so that the bright fresh bloom
The points
with by that which was faded or discoloured.
in
beds
be
picked out,
of strong Pelargonium shoots
may now
that would throw more
strengthinto the trusses showing
as
the weather will allow to arrive at
and coming, as many
as
maturity.
We placedmany plantsin pots out of doors where they could
in any sudden change.
be rendered quicklysecure
We
top-dressedSalvias, Chrysanthemums,and Coleuses in
down
cut
Pelargoniums,and prepared for fresh potting
pots ;
The chief work,
those first pruned back ; also potted Ferns.
however, when we could get at it was putting in all kinds of
cuttingsfor the flower garden next year. As stated the other
boxes not too largefor a
week, we use chieflyshallow wooden
who can
obey the
to move
man
easily. We almost envy some
advice so often given about having all such cuttingspotted
We
and established before winter.
rarelypot anything; the
stand thicklyin boxes until spring. We
rooted cuttingsmust
for pots of what
even
now
we
should look in vain for room
time,
need, and that is much less than formerly. At the same
to
advisable
and
i
t
is
where
be
can
right
pot
afforded,
room
singly; but we never could do it,and the plantssucceed very
well,nevertheless. In putting cuttingsin and potting,let us
much
as
as
possiblefresh sandy
urge on beginners to use
however poor." R. F.
"soil,
The

TRADE

CATALOGUES

RECEIVED,

"

FcNGUS

fungus

Leaf
The
Strawberry
{F. E. P. Eastcli_ffe,
Chepstow)."
immature
possible
the Strawberry leaf is an
Myxogaster. It is imcondition
before the spores are
it in the mucous
name

OS
on

to

developed.
(TT.D. jr.). Either Limes or Oriental Planes.
(T. H. r.)."It is a tree hitherto found only
The
is
banks
of its rivers.
generic name
literally Snake-nut," and refers to the embryo of the seed, which, as
belongs to the
is like a small snake curled
up." The genus
say,
you
are
pinnate, the flowers small
natural order Sapindacese ; the leaves
The natives use
walnut.
and in panicles,the fruit like a small round
bites, but they have no known
the
seeds as a remedy against snake
The seeds are often imported as curiosities. We cannot
medical power.
answer
your other queries.
Thorn
[H. Bedwell). It is not true that there is a Thorn
Glastonbury
for he never
in
was
pitched his staff,
growing where Joseph of Arimathea
England. There was, and probably is, at Glastonbury Abbey, a Thorn,
into leaf in January or February,
observes, "comes
which, as Loudon
that
it
in autumn, so
even
occasionallyin mild seasons
and sometimes
be in flower on Christmas-day." It is only a variety of the common
may
to botanists
as
Crateegus Oxyacantha prsecox.
Hawthorn, and known
and they leaf and bloom ecbe purchased of nurserymen,
centrically
Plants
may
wherever
they are grown.
Ton
do
not
tell
what
use
Orchaed-house
us
an
Planting
(W. JB.)"
going to make of the back wall, but if that is to be covered a
you are
in front 7 feet would be
be best. For the border
Irelliaed path would
ample, and provided it is properly drained, 18 inches in depth would do.
but for clean growth we would
The
answer,
prefer
soil,if good, may
We
like people to think for themselves, and do what they
loam.
maiden
We want you, therefore,to calculate for yourselfthe
for themselves.
can
Trees

Boulevard

for

"

paradoxdm
Ophiocaryon
the
in British Guiana, on
"

"

"

want
if it were
all to be
would
loads of fresh loam
you
fresh. A single horseload will in general contain a cubic

fresh

or

half

yard; if your

ojHyacintltSydepth is only half a yard, you will see how far that one cubic yard wiU go,
Royal Narsories,Slongk.^Catahgue
"c.
and can calculate accordingly.
-Narcissus,
Tulips^
Catalogue Vines Mildewed
John Scott,Yeovil,and Merriott Nnrseries,Crewkeme.
twice in
(Sussex). Your Vines having the mildew
ventilated,
succession,we conclude that the situation is low, the house ill"ofFloioer Boots.
of
is
abundance
the
there
or
air,
drainage
imperfect.
"
though
say
you
Robertson
Galloway,157,Ingram Street,Glasgow. Oatdlogue
is enough to cause
mildew in an uuheated
house,
The
present duU season
"ofDutch Roots and of Plants for Winter and Springfowering.
the required temperature.
to keep up
ventilation must have been limited
de Croncela,a Troyes. Catalogue as the
Baltet Freres,Grande Pcpinit-re
beneficial in ripening
a little fire heat; it will be
Charles Tamer,

"

"

"

"

Apply

Maisonne,

very

phur,
dust every
part of the Vines with flowers of sulthe wood, and at once
and repeat this in two or three days. In winter, after pruning, dress
of soft soap, and
with a composition of 4 ozs.
enough sulphur
the canes
TO
CORRESPONDENTS.
water to the consistency of paint, applying
to bring a gallon of tobacco
N.B.
Many questionsmust remain unanswered until next the mixture with a brush at a temperature of 120". Next season, if the
two parts guano
and salt over the border
week.
sprinkle guano
mildew
appear,
to one
of salt, and one
peck per rod, and give a thorough soaking with
"
a
Books
(Idem). We do not know what you wish for by asking for
water 5^ higher than the temperature of the border,washing in the guano
book on the botany of plants,such as those in a greenhouse." Do you
and salt thoroughly, and dnst the infested parts on its first appearance
mean
Perhaps " The Cottage Gardeners'
descriptions of the plants ?
and
with
Lady Downe's
flowers of sulphur. Except in hot seasons,
office if you
have it from
our
can
Dictionary" would suit you. You
The rain-water
tank we
similar kinds will not succeed without fireheat.
"enclose 7a. 2d. with your address.
The
attacked
with
mildew
would
not
covered.
is
vegetables
presume
Neighbours
(F.H.)." We do not think
to keep it from
Potatoes
Influencing
their
the vegetables dress
it to the Vines, and
communicate
each other and flowering at
that kidney and round Potatoes
to one of salt,supplementand salt" twoparts guano
ing
grown near
liberallv with guano
time would
the same
have their tubers affected,
although their flowers
with a good watering if dry weather follow.
were
cross
-impregnated. The seeds would produce cross-breeds from
Vineries
(Balham). For the house in which you wish to
Vines
for
such intermixture.
two
Hamburgh,
ripen the Grapes in June, we would have four Black
Arbor- ViT^
Browned
Black
[H. D.)." We ehould attribute the brownness
Champion, two Euckland
Sweetwater, two
Frankenthal, one
Tioveren
and we
to ill-health,
think the manure
Frontignan.
For the other
given during the past two years
Foster's White
Seedling,and one
We
should advise your at once
is most
will bang
removing the
likelythe cause.
house, to maintain a supply to the end of the year, though some
from
surface soil down
to the roots,removing all the old soil you can
well until March or later,we advise two Mill Hill Hamburgh, one Black
Court
Madresfield
Mrs. Pince's Muscat, one
amongst them, replacing with fresh turfy loam enriched with one-third
Muscat, two
Muscat, one
of Alexandria, one
Bowood
of decayed leaves, and giving a good watering. The tree, judging from
Lady Downe's, two Muscat
Alicante, one
The whole
of the last require a good heat,
Trebbiano.
your drawing, being very open, we would not prune but tie-in the shoots
Muscat, and one
difficultto grow than Hamburghs, succeeding
a more
"or branches
so as to form
compact specimen, and this by giving but are not otherwise more
warmth
and preventingthe wind acting on the otherwise open head, will
admirably in a border partly inside and partly outside the house, the
Water
mer
early in suma
better growth next season.
"enable you to secure
Vines
being planted inside. The border not being ready now we would
clay defer planting until March, but securing the Vines early,and pruning
and until the growth is complete, but with your lightsoil over
it is well to look to the roots. See that the water does not lodge in the
the wires.
The parts cut
so that they will just reach
them in December
subsoil.
cut off
off will be available for propagation from
eyes, keeping the canes
soil
until
One
for
moist
insertion.
in
stuck
their
ends
required
with
The
Trees
Y.
Pear
2.)."
tudinal
longiApple
and
{X.
Pruning
Espalier
rubbish are good for forming Peach
tree
and old mortar
inch of bonea
shoots at their extremities being required for exbranches
or
We
of fruit border.
omit, however, the lime
description
and
without
or
at
every
their
full
length
stopping
trained-in
should
be
iienBion,
pruning until the extent of trellis or wireing be covered, and then they rubbish, and give instead one part in six of marl, emploj^ng good, rich,
borders.
and rather strong loam for Peach
the branches.
should be treated the same
as the shoots on
"

"

"

"

We
should attribute
Browned
DiCKSONiA
ANTARCTICA
{/(/noramiis)."
sphere
the browning of the fronds to the draught you
speak of,but the atmothe result.
have been
be too dry, and an attack of thrips may
may
to a positionwhere
Look well to the under side of the fronds, and remove
the air is more
still. It can
hardly have too much water, the drainage

being good.
Protecting
Filberts
from
Squirrels
(G. M., Berwickshire)."We
know of no better means
than netting the
of keeping off"these animals
trees,and the nets require to be small, or the squirrels find their way
through. We have no experience of any applicationto stems that would
keep squirrelsfrom ascending, and should be obliged if those who know
of keeping off these creatures
it. It would
would communicate
any mode
he a Bhame to resort to the gun.

sects
Spotted
cannot
find any trace of in(Jmateur). We
the leaf sent us, and we think the brown
spots are a result of
Give
them.
sun's
on
the
fell
whilst
wet
powerfully
the leaves being
rays
and you need not fear for the fruit.
a littleair at night,
Leaves

Vine

"

on

have
several times seen
pond
Making
Vine Border
(J.H. S.). We
it was
answered
well unless
exposed
for Vine borders, but it never
mud
The preparation
for two years before being used.
sweetened
On the whole, unless
would greatly
depend on the nature of the mud.
of it,and even
then
would use none
of the sweetness
we
sure
we
were
part of
it sparingly. To
use
your using two parts of this mud, one
and only one
stable manure,
part turfy loam with a littlelime rubbish, we
The richest salmon
and the
Vines.
state of your
attribute the weak
^
fattest
are good things,but not qoitethe thingsto leed infants on.
"

to air and

pork

JOURNAL

September 21, 1871.]

OF

HORTICULTUEE

We
woald prefer three parts turfy loam, half a partof old rough brick and
lime rubbish, one-fourth part bruised boiled bones, and a like quantityof
bones instead. As soon as
and, if not sweet, more
sweet rotten manure,
would certainlytake up carefullythe Vines you
the Grapes are cut we
in such a sweet compost as stated above,
to save, aud replant them
mean
Do not mind
and the sooner
you do it the better the Vines will succeed.
taking them up entirely" that is what we should do, tracing out the roots
and preventing them becoming dried,saving every root possible
"carefully,
all were
wrapping them in a mat with
however
small, and wben
up

litteruntil the border were

ready to plant them in again. Then we
6 inches from the
plant carefully,spreading out the roots some
surface, and damping them with water at about 80^. Then we would
in
add more
to
inches
thick,
12
mulch the border with warm
dung from 9
winter, rough-thatchto keep off the wet, and we should expect the old

4amp

would

AND

COTTAGE

227

GARDENER.

Water
the drainage, and the half inch filled up with silver sand.
gently, and place the pots in a hotbed of from 70" to 75",shading from
to a house
bright sun, and keeping just moist. When well rooted remove
the glass,well aired. The
with a temperature of 45" to 50^ and keep near
be taken up in October, potted, and wintered in a like
old plants may
structure, and should be kept rather dry. In February they will give you
cuttings that will strike freely in a hotbed, and being potted off when
The cuttings in pans
nice plants by May.
on
will make
rooted and grown
should be pricked off in pans about 3 inches apart in March, or potted off
singly,grown on in heat for a time, and then be graduallyhardened off
prior to planting out.
Various
(T. H. D,)." As the fruit is cut, the leaves falling,and the soil
to prevent
is very dry, we would water the inside Vine borders sufficiently
the roots suffering from
being very dry. Then, as you purpose starting
more
would top-dress in January, and use
the house
in February, we
ture
the soil kindly moist, using water at a temperawater then, just to make
of about 80",as the soil will be cool. Unless there is a sediment in the
boiler,in which case it is as well to empty the pipes in summer,_we
would prefer allowing the water to remain, as then there is less corrosion
over

mud
We think so much
Vines to do rather better than the young ones.
has been yoar drawback.
Peaches
Vines with
(H. Brace)." If you plant Vines in front and
a low wall along
Peaches againstthe back wall,It would be as well to run
That
will be
of the house, but so
low as not to be seen.
-the middle
We
often added.
and less oxide of iron formed than if fresh water were
sufficient to keep the roots separate. We do not,however, give you much
would empty the iron tank, scrape off the rust,and well paint the inside.
are
trained
to
Vines
walls
unless
of
back
the
on
full crops
hope
your
but an
Vines
or
plants,
will
not
injure
A
oxide
of
little
from
iron,however,
"singlestems on the spur principle,and these stems of Vines are
tender roots. If you expose the water for twentywould tell on
excess
4 to 6 feet apart. If the Vines are closer together there will not be enough
four hours previous to use, add a spadeful of quicklime for a rather large
would
the whole, with wide openings we
-Of light for the back wall. On
to
settle for that time ; you will find the most of the
tank, and allow it
prefer Vines on the back wall ; but if your roof israther shaded the Vines
to the bottom.
to do much
good on the back wall,and only that which is rust will be precipitated
will soon cease
Wintering
(S.TF.)."The Abutilons are not hardy, though
the glass will bear. With Vines up the roof at 5 feet apart,however,
Aeutilon
near
There is
fine fruit on the back wall from top to bottom.
A. striatum
Is nearly so, succeeding in sheltered situations against a
have seen
we
Passiflora cardiualis
do not know.
To have good returns from the back
we
south wall. The species you name
no
secret,however, in the matter.
We
reach it. For the depth of border, from
wall you must let the sunshine
does not generally succeed in a coHservatory, but requires a stove.
leaves
are
moisture
that
the
spotted.
cold
too
much
SO to 24 inches will be good, with rubble and drainage beneath the border.
it
is
from
and
think
We would make the border inside the whole width, but divided as above,
Keep the plant drier at the roots. It may do better another season.
if you depended on the back wall. The border outside might ultimately
is a good time to
Arabis
Cerastium
and
(5. J.). Now
Dividing
border to be
would prefer the outside
be as wide as the house, but we
if the soil is light,but if it is wet and
divide the Arabis and Cerastium
and add a couple of feet or so every second
4rom 3^to 4 feet wide at first,
now
in pots may be planted
heavy spring is preferable. Beta chilensis
year. .Three parts of turfy loam, one of rough lime rubbish, one-fourth part oat, and
Coprosma
well as Beetroot.
as
it will survive the winter
well.
will answer
of crushed bones, and one-fourth sweet decayed manure
succeed
it
it would
is
likely
Baueriana
variegata is not hardy, though
The height of the back wall must
depend on the construction of the
situations.
out of doors in dry soils and warm
house.
With a sloping roof you will have a nice slope with a front wall
The Chrysanthemums
the back wall 16 feet in height ; but if you have front
a foot high and
Chrysanthemums
(A Young Amateur).
Housing
glass,say wall and glass 6 feet in height, then a back wall of 15 feet or so
should be taken into the house before frost,in general about the
We
do
in October.
"wonld do, as the front lightlets in the winter and spring sun.
They will continue to flower up to
second or third week
houses as 24 by 36 inches.
not approve
of such a size of pane for common
January, Hyacinths that were flowered in pots last year are not of much
in the
out now
We should be perfectly value for flowering this winter, and we would plant them
We would rather have the panes 12 by 18 inches.
with 1^ to 2 inches deep of soil. If yon
satisfied with 26-oz. glass.
borders,covering the crown
open
but they will not bloom
continue them in pots they will probablydo fairly,
(Feeling Bis Way). We should
Planting- Vines Inside oe Odtside
to repot them
For such a border forty nearly so well as fresh bulbs, and the best time
-decidedlyplant the Vines inside the^ house.
should be placed under glass without
present. Camellias and Azaleas
We
would sooner
"bushels of half-inch bones
would not be too much.
delay, and if they require repotting it may then be done, but it is perhaps
with the turfy soil.
(use
manure
than much
more
best to repot them immediately after flowering. This, however, is a good
Painting
perceive the necessity for time when the
Febneht
(E. P. S.)." We cannot
and the plants are m
spring potting has been neglected,
of the plants,and, of course,
the extra strong heat, for on the removal
small pots and need a shift.
of moisture, the house
will soon
"the source
dry if air be given. Of
It
tenax
(Capella)."
Veitchianum
Temperature
Phormium
for
the proper temperafire heat must
be afforded,so as to maintain
course
ture,
requires a greenhouse temperature, or 40" to 45" from fire heat.
will need to be
and from the increased ventilation the amount
of
wall
back
The
all
Wall
have
the
woodwork
Back
^.)."
your
thoroughly
washed,
We
would
firstof
all
(A.
Plant
Greenhouse
.greater.
for
and then allow a few days for drying, proceeding with the painting at
greenhouse facing east will be suitable for a Camellia, providing the wall
if so, we
fear
and admitting air constantly,and whilst about it give three coats
to the south is not of greater height than the greenhouse;
once,
and
The
the
is with
"of paint.
climbing plants,
especially the wall would shade the house so as to deprive it of too much solar heatgreat difficulty
them
with canvas
over
the Lygodiums. You will need to cover
or other
of a Vine succeeding on the rafters,there is no doubt
If there is a chance
material, so as to keep them from being sprinkled with the paint,for if it of a Camellia succeeding well against the wall,providinga proper border
With air the painting will not injure be formed, :knd the bedding plants on the stage be not allowed to cover
falls on them it will leave its mark.
In about a week
return
the climbing plants and Ferns,
the
you
may
the foliageof the Camellia.
of
the climbing plants not doing well
Perns to the house.
The reason
Hot-water
with
(IF.B.^rmstroTip)."Theplan may bemade
Heating
is the shade.
Afi'ord them
more
light,and they will no doubt flower
then not very satisfactorily.It
to work with several
air-pipes,but even
satisfactorily.
is always best to have the flow-pipehigher than the top of the boiler.
Flowering
Out of Doors
glaciale
Mesembryanthemdji
{A. B.)."lt
Wasps
a
Vinery
(R. W. r.)."Sulphur cannot be burned in any
in
is rather unusual, because
it is not commonly placed out of doors in sumhouse to destroy insect life without injuring every plant having leaves
rockwork than this class of plants.
ineTy though nothing is finer for sunny
from
ings
exclude
the vinery by nailing over the openthere. You may
wasps
the size of walnuts
Rubbing
Young
Figs (Idem). Young Figs now
off
hexagon netting,putting it on inside, and so as to work clear of the
soda-water or lemonade
iave no chance
of ripening, and would be best removed
at once.
We
to
half
fill
a few dozen
this
we
lights. In addition
leave any larger than a bean or hazel nut.
never
bottles with beer, the stronger the better, as they are attracted by its
nothing
They care
Scale
in Vineries
Peach
Trees"
Mealy
Bug
on
(W. T.)." The fruit smeU, and, being very fond of it,drown themselves.
to drown
for Grapes with us so long as there is plenty of beer for them
"being off the Peach trees,syringe them a few times with a solution of
ing,
the wasps are slow of enterin.
the smell of the beer passes away
When
2ozs. of soft soap to the gallon,using it at a temperature of 160",and
therefore empty occasionally and replace with fresh.
whea the leaves
have fallen dress with a composition formed of tobacco
description*
from
water as sold by the manufacturer, adding to every gallon 4 ozs. of soft
cannot,
Trouhle)."We
Frames
(A
in
Insects
your
to the consistency
form any idea of what the insect is. It cannot be thrips,as it does not
soap, and enough flowers of sulphur to bring the whole
of the small mites
of paint. Apply it with a brush, and be careful not to dislocate the buds.
attack at the surface of the soil. It is probablyone
buds
Dusting
Bepeat the applicationbefore the
where there is decaying vegetablematter.
begin to swell. This is for the
abundant
that are
flcale.
For the mealy bug the Grapes being cut, shut up the house
with quicklime will drive them away.
closely,and sprinklethe floor all over with guano, putting it on the paths
Caterpillar
(Miss J. if.)." It is the larva of the Privet Hawk-moth,
Tjulteone-eighth of an inch thick,and then syringe the Vines with all the
Sphinx ligustri. Not uncommon.
force you can
from
command
an
perature
engine or syringe,using water at a temInsect
Name
of
(E. S.)."The moth yon enclosed is the Sphinx Conof 140",adding to every gallon a wineglassful of spiritsof turpentine,
We cannot be sure
It is uncommon.
Hawk-Moth.
volvuli, or Bindweed
repeating in a fortnight. Apply on a calm evening. When the
other
moth
is which you mention ; probablyit is the Sphinx
the
what
leaves faU, have the house thoroughly cleaned and
and
the
painted,
Hawk-Moth.
Pivet
Ligustri,or
Vines dressed (strippingoff all the loose bark) with the composition
named
for the Peach
of
trees,and adding to every gallon a fluid ounce
Fruits (John Ormandij)."!, Scarlet Leadington ; 2, Bavelsop
Names
commence
spiritsof turpentine. When
you
forcing, place hot dung
ton Pippin. (G. J. C.)."It looks like Black Prince, but we cannot name
de
within the house, and turn it over frequently,so as to cause
berries.
few
a
(W. Morgan)." Beuire
the vapour
Grapes with certainty from
to pass off more
2,Beurre
freely. Syringethe Vines morning and evening, except Capiaumont.
(C. F.)." The Plum is the Goliath. (A. 0. jR.)."
when in flower,up to the time of their changing colour,and keep a strict
of Jersey.
Poiteau ; 4, Louise Bonne
Diel ; 3, Nouveau
watch
the Vines, and if any insects are seen
on
them with the
remove
Plants
have repeatedly given notice that we
of
Names
(J. r.)." We
hand.
Lay the Azaleas infested with mealy bug on their sides, and
time.
six specimens from
correspondent at the same
one
can
only name
syringe them with water at a temperiture of 140",turning them round
from
leaves only. You have sent
cannot
name
We
have also said we
with force to every part of the plants. Repeat
so
as to apply the water
leaves
If
will
of
and
only.
yon
than twenty specimens,
many
more
this as often as you notice one bug on the plants.
will name
select
six flowering plants and send fresh specimens we
magnifica
Propagation
called the Scarborough
Alternanthera
sometimes
(Amateur, T.). Take cuttings them.
(Oswell)."Yaliot" purpurea;
with two jointsand the growing point, Lily. (0. A. J.)-~Tour plants are, no
of the growing points now
doubt, seedlings (self-sown),
removing the leaves from the lowest joint,cutting immediately below
of Physalis Alkekengi, the Winter
Cherry. It is a plant of annual
do not consider
it. Insert the cuttings an inch apart in pans, filled to within half an
As to the Cuphea, we
duration only, dying in the winter.
inch of the rim with two parts light loam, one part leaf soil,one part
its seeds. (A. W.). The
it by any
unusual
for it to sow
means
of
Ruiz
and
is
the
Juanulloa
parasitica
send
sandy peat, and one part silver sand, giving fullyan inch of drainage, and
interestingplant
very
you
a good sprinkling of the rough of the compoBtiwhich
shoold be sifted, Favon, a charming plant,a native of Peru, where it is conBldered a great
"

"

"

i^the

"

"

"

"

228

JOUENAL

OF

HORTICULTURE

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

[ September 21, 1871.

omitted to mention
the Monkey
rarity. (Acton Castle). We
Flower, cheerful face,givingearnest of his good properties,
to ns
seems
MimnluB
as
cardinalis,
beinR one of the plants sent by you to be named.
the Sir Balaam
(inhis good days)of poultry.
Its congeners
(W. C, Foto Island). Bupleurum fruticosum.
known
are
or
Hare's-ear
by the English names
"ThorouKh-wnx."
{T. M. ShuttleHonest, punctnal, and so forth.
worth). Another
His word would pass for more
interesting and beautiful plant, the Tricyrtia hirta
than he was
worth."
of Hooker, one
of Mr. Fortune's
introductions
from Japan. (M. T.i.
It is a face of sterling
ever,
quality,and it does not lie. It,howThe
Purple Orach, a variety of Atriplex hortensis. {H. T. M.). 1 Semwhen surmounted
by his pea comb, does not fail to be
pervivum Haworthii ; 2, Crassula arborescens ; 3,Kleinia repens ; 4,Sedum
hybrid um ; 5, Eeineckia japonica variegata; 6,Campanula
garganica ; quaint.
8,Asplenium flabellifolium.
(IF.)."Polygonum cuspidatam, a shrubby
If we take the French breeds wo have there entirelydifferent
Japanese species."(f7.B., Hampshire). Physiantbus albena, a very interesting
If there be any comparative
tropical American
Asclepiad, an old inhabitant of gardens. types. Take the saucy fussy Houdan.
(BiZi)."The Bluebottle,Centaurea Cyanus ; and the Hares's-foot Trefoil,
and bird can
physiognomy, and if man
representthe
Trifolinm
arveuse.
(Tf. R., AyrS'"l,Dolichos
lignosus (otherwise same
cock and Lemaitre
character,then a Houdan
both represent
D. gibbosus),a native of the Cape of Good
Hope ; 2, Myoporum
parviBobert
Macaire.
The
likeness is ridiculous.
The
folium, native of southern Australia. (W.C.j A B.eadcr).~l,Polygonum
skull
of
the
Houdan
is
but
bearded
cuspidatum (as above) ; 2, French Honeysuclile,
and
small,
being
topHedysarum coronarium ;
3,Abutilon Thompsoni,
knotted it does not show.
A quiet,self-possessed,
and wellbred fowl is the Crgve-Cceur; his large,round, well-shaped
head givespromise of good qualities,
and he has them.
The
POULTRY,
BEE, AND
PIGEON
CHRONICLE.
is true of La Fleohe ; he has an ugly mis-shapen head,
reverse
which promises nothing,and does not disappointits possessor.
We
making a collection of skulls,and being the
purpose
HEADS.
Professor Donovan of poultry.
We
believe the differenttypes of skulls among fowls to be as
distinctas those of the human
We are not singnlarin
race.
POULTKY
EXPERIENCE
PURCHASED.
that respect. How often have we heard at shows criticisms on
awards and surpriseexpressed that a prize should be given to
However
gratifyingit may be, when we have climbed that
such a " coarse-headed
brute ?" As a rule,and where competent steep hill called Experience, and have at length reached the
judgesact,the decision is a rightone.
summit
Nothing in the shape of delightful
of Perfection,
still to come
to griefso often
thehead
sins againstthe requirementsof the breed,but it does
the journey(and we invariably
do so justas we appear most
on
againstbeauty. We want in breedingto produce and continue
certain of success),
is very tryingto the best-regulated
temper.
the most perfectspecimens of the race.
In choosing,then,we
For the benefit of any amateur
whose knowledge of poultry
should closely
examine
and none
is more
important lore may have been as limited as my own, let me tell how I
every point,
"
than the head.
purchased experience,"with a splendidWhite Cochin pullet,
Let us begin with Cochins.
The best head we ever saw was
that grew and prospered so well that in my fertile imagination
of the earliestamong
one
the celebrated strains. It was
the
1 was
alreadythe happypossessor of handsome
cups, and first
Lovell. The name
was
But one
adopted because the birds were brought prizes innumerable.
morning while feedingthem, I
from China
We differ from many
by a captainof that name.
noticed that the bird " on whom
built,"had an
my hopes were
of the modern
ciently unusual
jadgments because this character is not suffiprotuberance in the breast,and on closer inspection
noted and eared for. Large size,
greatweight,heavily- found it was decidedly
crop-bound. I gave it several doses of
feathered legs are looked for and rewarded.
But they cause
and I
a
castor oil,yet as day by day went on, it got no better,
fleshy,wrinkled,and dull face, with an exuberant comb (erect said to myself, "J. E. L., I charge thee flingaway ambition,'
for (his show only)to be passed over.
We want the small neat
for you never
did,and yon never will get so much as an
head ; the scantycomb, perfectly
towards the realisation of all your brilliant visions.'^
uprightand full of serrations ; ' H. C
the brighteye, almost projecting
from the face ; and the look of Now, I never
had the pleasure of a tete-a-tete with a learned
that is a real characteristicof the breed.
quietintelligence
We
not acquainted with one, or I
poultry-keeper,since I am
have seen some
that had the expressionof the Malay, and the
should have listened with reverence
to his advice,and I obtain
cauliflower face of an old Spanish cock. We
bound
to no sympathy from the "head
are
of the family,"who considers the
admit these belonged to birds of greatweight,but they also be"
longedstudy of hens and chickens very tame and insipid.
Better study
to birds of great age.
We want the weight that is graceflowers,and Ferns would be a far more
lady-likeoccupation,"
fully
carried by youth accompanied by a smilingface,and not
and ends his advice with a partingshot (very
much
sotto voce, I
the unwieldlyheaviness of senility.
admit),something about "little things." And really7 consider,
Just as much
as
and cheerfulness since my poultrycannot get " highlycommended,"
admire the intelligence
we
the judges
of the Cochin, so do we appreciatethe hard cruel expressionof ought to award
something to my unwearied energy and perseverance,
the Malay. He should always look as if he had a concealed
because for the last five ye^jTS, with nothing to back
and tiltat all he met ;" me
a muck,
ereese, and was ready to " run
but my purse and my enthusiasm
affirm
(and I positively
and his mate a sort of cross between Helen McGregor and Mrs.
X have slowlylearnt my lessons
that the two are inseparable),
Brownrigg. (A traveller some
asked to define
in experience. Again, my invalid neighbour complains of the
years since was
a consul,and
"them
replied," He should be a cross between Lord
the
servants
of the extra work
perpetual cook-crowing,
Aberdeen, then Foreign Secretary,
and a Bow
Street runner.") dirty brutes " make, and I am
informed
by the
periodically
Anythingpleasantin the face of a Malay would be out of place. "head," that those horrid pets of mine have got into the
Everythingabout them is hard ; the body feels as though it garden,and for the third time have eaten all the young plants;
had been dipped in Styx, and the face is the index to the disposition.
calculated to damp
and all these little drawbacks
the
are
Take, again,the Game cock his sharp fearless look, ardour of their warmest friends. But I am digressing
; revenonsno
and conceit are there ; and
crueltyin his eye ; assurance
nos
a
moutons, my crop-bound pullet.
denuded
of comb and gills,
he walks as it were
On referringto "our
on
tiptoe,that
Journal," I found you had advised
his gaitmay carry out the promise of his head and face.
"
An Anxious
as
Eeadeb," apparently in the same
difficulty
The Spanish cock is the aristocrat of the yard. We
should
the bird firmly,clip away
the surrounding
myself, "First to secure
not be surprisedif some
called him the Castilian. His round
all the food
feathers,out open the crop, and remove
head, white face,red comb, and piercingblack eye tell you he there,carefullysew up the wound, and for a few days feed the
is conscious of his worth and position. It is a different expression bird
soft food only." These
directions I followed to the
on
from any of the others.
Kot so intelligent
the
skill and
as
letter,and I was so deeply impressed by my own
Cochin, so cruel as the Malay,so bold and saucy as the Game,
that I felt confident I had only to receive a few lessons at
ability,
he has,nevertheless,
air and sense
of dignitythat become
an
the school in Edinburgh to become
rival to
a very formidable
him and his nation; and if yon were
called upon to find a snuffbox-bearer
Messrs. Jeg,Blake, " Co.,but my
propositionto that effect
"
fowls
the
for
of
old
of
and
the
that
I
one
kings Spain
was
so hopelessly
among
quashed by the
head,"
gave up the
idea on the spot.
Indies,
you would fix on the Spanish cock.
Our old useful friend the Dorking expresses none
of these ;
Well, my patient seemed to progress favourably,and my
there is nothing smiling in his face,but his round head and
hopes were
again in the ascendant; stillI noticed she could
forehead givepromise of good qualities,
and those
well-shaped
not hold up her head as formerly,so I imagined the wound
who
them
seek
find
them.
His
and that time would
restore it ; but
generally
partner is also a must still be very stiff,
and good helpmate; she looks as though she performed time did not, for at the end of three months she stillwalked
thrifty
her duties well, and she does.
None
of the pride of the
about with her neck
contracted,and we both
very much
Spanishabout her ; she does not put her children out to nurse,
seemed to lose heart together (onlyshe lost flesh as well),
and
"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

'

"

she

bringsup her

own.

The Brahma, with his useful head and

one

looking over
day while carelessly

stray number, I die-

September 21,1871. ]

JOUBNAL

OF

HOBTIOUIiTUEE

COTTAGE

AND

GAEDENEE.

229

of fresh water, something to dust in, and some

green food.
The eggs should be sprinkled
with water during the last ten
days when the hen is feeding. During the period of hatching
the empty shells should be removed, or they will sometimes
as promised in
[We shall be proud if benefited exolnsively
adhere to eggs not hatched,and preventthe egress of the chick.
do anything to effect the conversion of
your P.S. If we can
Unfertile eggs may
be detected at the end of a week
by
To be unthat "head
services.
of the family," command
fortunate
our
holding them, when it is dark,between the eye and a candle.
trial. Eos.]
and without sympathy is a superlative
The opaque ones
are
good. Eggs when laid should be dated
and placed in bran, with the thin end downwards, tillthey are
Some say this is unnecessary, unnatural.
put under the hen.
DIFFICULTIES.
UNDER
POULTEY-KEEPING
However, it answers, and is as convenient as laying the eggs
No. 2." BREEDING.
sides.
their
on
Eggs kept in the way I have described may
Of course, the sooner
In commencing to keep prizepoultry,I would advise the
be safelyset at the end of three weeks.
of ten I average eight
than "1.
For this sum
an
sittings
outlay of not more
you may obtain an
egg is set the better. From
imperfectcock and hen of a good strain,or a sittingof eggs or nine chickens. W. J. Peace, Driffield.
In the latter case, select one on
from one of the best breeders.
at his mercy.
whom you can depend, because you are entirely
POULTRY
EXHIBITORS.
HANDICAPPING
7 "aid
and
I commenced
with a oook
two hens, for which
his
fifth
toe.
Ho vbut
showed
little
in
the
oock
The idea is certainly
a
Dorking
novel,but I am afraid that is the most
"1,
chickens
that can be said for it. The originatorof the idea says, " I
equal to my experience. 1 bred some
ever, they were
from
plains
them, and then sold the old birds for what I gave. I breed five or six different kinds of fowls," and then he comand mentions
the names
of the results of his exhibiting,
expended littleon food for I risked only "1 on the birds,and I
I
lost nothing my first year.
are
of several exhibitors who
generallyto the fore. Now
There is no wisdom in throwing pearlsbefore swine, because
think I can
suggesta remedy that,if tried,will very soon banish
and
would
chickens
his
mind.
It
is
would
be
under
of
out
so
all
of
good
simply
trampled
handicapping
they
foot,
thoughts
Then
if he breed
in my first year.
The greatdanger is in expending too much
this : Breed one, or at the most two kinds.
this is done without
at first. When
experience,the from well-bred birds and pay proper attention to them, not
money
fancier often sickens and dies" not respectedby all poultry only will he require no
new
handicapping, but I warrant that he
will
friends who knew him.
will beat all the exhibitors he has named, and, moreover,
of
The next year I launched-out
and bought a sitting eggs
he has mentioned
himself be classed amongst the very men
as
and
hatched
from a well-known
breeder
for
exhibitors.
15s.,
noted
Birmingham
I think,out of fifteen. Out of this lot I
how few birds many of our noted
and reared thirteen,
He is,perhap?,littleaware
sold one for "1 10s.,one for "1, and three for 10s. each. The
exhibitors actuallybreed.
My experienceleads me to say that
either go into the fancy almost
best cockerel I kept for a stock bird for the next season, and
to make poultrypay you must
sold him, as stated above,for "1 10s. This hatch paid well,but
be content to keep one or two breeds
as a trade, or you must
I was
disappointedin not having a singlebird that could be and breed them only. If you exhibit on a large scale you
roughly
called good free from
or
must attend,either personally
by a deputy who can be thoglaring defects. The crooked combs
the sprigswere
could not be made
when
cut off ;
even
relied on, and who is a first-rate judge, at nearly all
straight,
with splinters. I waited for
the lop-comb to stand even
nor
the shows, so that not only your birds are
properlyattended
the mottles to feather-out,
are
and the shallow to become deep, to, but better birds than your own
bought wherever there

covered the

of my
nneuooesafal surgery.
oanse
not to sew the two stina together,"and making
will end my letter. J. K. L.

"
Be careful
this moral I

"

"

"

"

of getting them
is a chance
reasonably. Anyone attending
theydid not.
advantage in
If,after the first or second year, a few good shows be visited, shows who is reallya judge has an enormous
"
this is one
of the main sources
such
books
the
and
as
and
Poultry-keepers'
Manual," published picking up birds reasonably,
their
birds ; and
be
noted
exhibitors
be carefully
of
our
at the Journal office,
which
more
from
studied,
get
money
may
many
capping
safelyrisked on stock birds. The objectof the breeder should if the gentleman who has written the paragraphas to handihis non-success.
has not done this I can well understand
1)6to produce birds better than his old ones.
than anyI preferstock birds to be not less than one, nor
than
more
To breed five or six varieties I consider almost more
one
three years old. If the male bird be the same
and
do with success,
especiallyif he exhibit only
can
age as the hen,
the
make
take
missame
I should
them
old
if
different
I
do
of
two years
birds bred by himself.
Many amateurs
prefer
ages
;
It is said by some
that
not care which is the older of the two.
I did it amongst the number, and
that he has done.
breed did I find it either profitcockerel and a hen will breed the majoritycockerels.
This
a
tillI settled down to one
able,
never
I reallysuccessful at exhibitions.
or
was
year I have bred from a cockerel and a hen, and the majority
other great objectionto handicapping^There is also one
are
pullets. In choosing birds to cross be careful to select
those that have the points extra good which
that your birds
are
wanting in that is,the admission,by being handicapped,
Golden-buff
safer
breed
from
than
is
to
lighter are inferior to others. Now this is not a pleasantreflection,
your own.
hold
their own
hen
with
darker
that
birds
could
with
mated
think
a
a
I
did
and
if
not
shades,although
lighter-coloured
my
cock will often produce a fair number
of chickens of a good gold any in the kingdom I should soon give up exhibiting; and I am
Take care
colour.
that the secondaries
of the male bird foe certain that nothing tends more
to raise the qualityof poultry
Beware
sound in colour.
of falling
of all kinds than the laudable desire to breed birds to take their
combs, or your trouble and
and how much
will probably end in disappointment. A crooked
share of prizesat good exhibitions,
greateris the
expense
comb
is as troublesome,with this difiereuce,
that the falling pleasureof winning with birds bred by yourself
it is needless
comb
does not show itself tillthe bird is seven or eightmonths
for me
to say.
old ; whereas the crooked comb can
ject
be detected at the end of
I am
afraid I have spun a very long yarn on a very dry sub-

but

two

three months.
The birds from which it is intended
to
best be kept by themselves
to prevent mistakes in
Two hens will lay from fortyto
eggs, and to insure stamina.
than it will be advisable to set in
sixtyeggs, a greater number
such a space as I have described.
I set three sittingsof nine or ten each.
The second and
third lots are givento the breedinghens to afford them as much
rest as possible. Each sittinghen has a house to itself,
and is
furnished with a nest 18 inches square, made in one corner
by
of
nailingtwo pieces wood together4 inches deep. Oat straw
well rubbed is used for the nest,which is made on the floor in
hollow. Each hen is allowed half an hour in a morna slight
ing,
never
more
they seldom take the time allowed.
; in fact,
Cochins
do not like to leave their nests as a rule,so each hen
is lifted off by placing the hand under the breast and allowing
the legsperfectfreedom; there is then no struggling. When
the hens are off their nests let them have a run the first thing.
This will insure their speedy return to their yards,when
they
or

breed had

should have

as

much

wheat

or

barleyas

and espeif amateurs

generally,
cially
the actual
those whom
1 call the head of their profession,
or
two sorts
breeders of exhibition poultry,will breed only one
with proper attention and choice in selectingthe breeding
their
and
will
reward
must
endeavours,and they
stock,success
T. E. Kell.
againstall comers.
will hold their own
; but stillI feel confident

"

AYLESBURY

POULTRY

SHOW.

Aylesburyhas ever been for the excellence of its poultry

shoT7s,and the success
throughoutthe Mngdom of its local breeders,
collectionas that which
so good a
few persons could have anticipated
The
inst.
13th
eshibited on the
was
profusionof escellent sUver
and gentry of the neighbourhood,
of
the
the
no
nobility
gifts
cups,
with the welldoubt had its influence in promotingthis result,
equally
the
shows.
known
attendant
on
Aylesbury
always
appointments
The Grey Dorkingswere
of the finestcollectionsof chickens we
one
with a pen of very dark, high-conever
ditioned,
saw, the cup being taken
A pen of
chickens
shown for the first time.
single-combed
they will eat,plenty unusuallygood White DorMngs were
second, and Greys third. It
Noted

as

230

JOUBNAL
the

OF

HOETICULTUEE

AND

saw
them, that even had, the prizehirds
Brahmas
away, a first-rate class would have stillremained.
both
treat
to
birds
visitors,
equal
Light and Dark-feathered
Spanishwere not nnmerons, but very
being among the prizewinners.
"wae

of allwho
impression

been

taken

"were

an

COTTAGE

[ September 21, 1871.

GAKDENER.

this season
an
; so numerous
entryat such an earlyday, showingthe
highestimation in which the Whitby Show is held,and attracting
by
its intrinsicexcellence many
well-known fanciers,
anxious to get a first
the
of
at
the
beauties
faces
the
familiar
budding
year.
Among
peep

Bnff Cochins and Mr. Sidgwick's

good. Lady Grwydyr's
Mr.
I saw
Partridge-of many who were scanning the cages with severe criticism,
is equally Wallace, Mr. Hawman,
were
Mr. Bulmer, Mr. Mills,Mr. Young, Mr. King,
marvellouslywell Bhown, and this remark
Mr. Matthew's
QamG fowls.
The
SpangledHamburgh^ Mr. Burniston, and many others whose faces ate well known to me,
far behind those shown
"were
I forget,
but whose
all good men
remarkably good,but the Pencilled were
names
and true, men
the
who
are
in this district in former years.
That Mr. J. K. Fowler
had it entirely mainstay of our exhibitions,
entering
every feather which has a chance,
his own
would be almost anticipated
which
have
no
way in Geese and Ducks
chance, of winning,simplyfrom kindly
; they and
many
in themselves,
bat it must be remarked that the cottagers'
were
a show
feelingand a desire to support a hobby in which they feel interested.
of AylesburyDocks
were
closely
pens
competing. The best pea of To all such, greeting.
Kouens
of Moore
I must dispose
weighed 15^ lbs. the pair,the Aylesburys16^ lbs.,and the
" Wynn, by sayingthat they are stillin
54 lbs. the pair. A grand collection of Pheasants
the moult, and being short of preparationfailed to stay the distance ;
cup Geese (Grey),
dark youngstersin the Northamptonstable destined
amply repaidthe attention of visitors. A pairof that rare variety but I hear of some
the Swinhoe
known
as
Pheasant took the first prize,and a large to play a prominentpart at future meetings.
of Silver and Gold Pheasants called forth continued
remarks
display
In Clear Jonques,
Mr. Bunting, of Derby,was
firstwith a sensation
of approbation
from visitors. All kinds of Bantams were
included in a
bird, which found a readypurchaserat its catalogue
price,"3, andf
and Blacks takingthe prizes.
generalclass,Silver-laced Sebrights
other bigh-priced
to pay its way.
ought, like many
My
yearlings,

feathered

to
applicable

Dorkings
attention was
directed to it later in the
(Any variety)."
Cup, J. Martin, Claines.
who
to
2, O. E. Creaswell. Hanmen
worth.
3, J. Smith, ShilliDplGe, Petworth.
he, C. A. Barnes, ChorJey Wood;
know
of whom
bird when they see it,some
a
affirmed it was
J. Smith
Great Berkhampstead
; Rev. E. Bartrmn,
Henllys,
; Miss E. Williams.
while
others
t
ick
but
discovered
a
own.
Berriew; J. Clift,Dorking; L. Patten, Hillmore,Taunton,
Rev.E.Bartrum
c
;
my
;
T, W. Tapping, Hartwell.
received a true
and that
was, that it had
Brahmas
(Any variety)."
Cup, H, E. Morrell, Caer Mawr, Clyro. 2, M. Leno,
the tick which ultimately reduced
itself to one
minute
Markyate Street, DauBtable.
3, Lady Gwydyr, Stoke Park, Ipswich,
he, Hon.
inference that tweezers
Mrs. B. Hamilton, Ridpmount,
Wobum
(2). c. Rev. E. Alder, Etwell Vicarage, feather in front of the left eye, and an
H.
Derby ;
Market
had been
Lingwood, Greeting,Needham
to others which
have been there,never
; J. K. Fowler, Aylesbury.
existed
Spanish."
Cup, Mrs. Allsopp,Worcester.
son,
2, W. Davy, Brixton.
8, E. Jackwill like all this,but as the
at all. I don't know
how Mr.
Finchfield, Wolverhampton,
lie,Mrs. AUsopp, Worcester
; S. Burn,
bird must be well known
in
it may
be that these remarks may
Whitby ; F. James, Peckham
Rye.
Cochins.
Buff.
Cup, Lady Gwydyr.
2, H. Tomlinson, Gravelly Hill, be noticed in as
that in which
I
a spirit
as
are
Birmingham.
S, C. Sidgwick, Ryddlesden
Hall, Keighley. Partridge." Cu-p
award will show
mention what some
thought and said. The
and 2, C. Sidgwick.
3, H. Lingwood.
I
and did.
Mr. Close, of
what
and Messrs.
Adams
GA2iiE.
Black-breasted
and
other Iteds.
Cnp, S. Matthew, Stowmarket.
2, T. Dyson, Halifax.
3,J. Fletcher, Stonecloogh, Manchester,
he. J. Fletcher ;
and Athersuch,of
were
second, a good length behind Mr.
W. B. Oakley, Atherstone
(2). c, W. Adams, St. Clements, Ipswich.
Any other
entries in some
of the classes,the
Bunting. There
Colour."
\, S. Matthew
(Duckwings).
2, W. Dunning, ISewport, Salop (Duckwings); J. Goodwin, Liverpool (Red Piles).
at once
Honorary Secretary for
complied with my
French
Fowls
(Any variety)." Cuo and 2, J. J. Maiden. Biggleswade (Crevethat I might award extra
and
the
by
" Co., Brighton (Houdans).
Coaura). S, HtUs
he, C. A. Barnes
(Creve-CcenrJ ;
be third
intimation that the extras need not of
a generous
W.Dring (Houdans); Hon. Miss B. Hamilion(Houdan6); J. K. Fowler
(CreveCoeurs) (2).c,C. A. Barnes
{Hondans).
Such a liberal
for itself. No. 7, Barwell and
Hamburghs."
GoZd or Silver-pencilled." 1, J. Wing, Oxford
(Silver-pencilled).
Northampton, was the second best bird for colour, but upon
2, S. " R. Ashton, Mottram
3, R. S. S. Woodgate, Pembury,
(Gold-pencilled).
I think it will be found to be scarcely
close examination
for
Tnnbridge Wells (Gold-pencilled). Gold or Silvcr-spa^igled.-CuT?
and 3, Mrs.
Allsopp (Silver-spangled).
Newcastle
2, E. T. Gardom,
(Golden-spangled). exhibition in a Clear class.
he. Ashton
" Booth, Broadbottom,
Mottram, Manchester,
c, G. Brawn.
and
excellent in
were
Mealy Norwich
strong in numbers
Bantams
(Any variety)." Cup and 3, M. Leno
ton,
(Silver-laced). 2, S. " R. Ash"; Athersuch
first and
Adams
winning
Rev.
second, with
Mottram, Manchester
F. Cooper, Ampney
(Blacks), he, M. Leno;
Crucis, Cirencester
" Gill, Woodfield, Bumlev,
(Duckwings);
Bellingham
Barwell " Golby
second with a nice bird.
Messrs. Smith and
Lancashire
(Black Reds and Red Piles); W. Adams
(Brown
Reds
and Black
bnt
mistake
some
Preen, of Coventry,had a good entryin this class,
Reds), c, S. Stephens, jun., Ebley, Stroud
(Brown Reds).
it found
its way into Class 6, and their
of their own,
Ducks."
Ai/lesbury(Prizes offered by S. G. Smith, Esq., M,P.) Cup. J. K.
Fowler.
2. H. Jones, Hartwell, Ayleabury. S,W. Castle,Stone.
(Cup presented
But for this error
their Clear Mealy would
there into the Clear class.
by Lady A. de Rothpchild)." Clip,3, and he,J. Hedges, Aylesbury. 2. J. Funge,
The "mentioned"
into a
have
birds all had merit, and
run
Long Marston.
Jtouen.-Cwo
and 2, J. li. Fowler.
c, W.
Stonehouae, Whitby.
the
S and he, S. H. Stott,Preston.
was
so close that I was
glad when I turned my back
Geese
(Any variety)." Cup and 2, J. K. Fowler
3, M.
(Grey and White).
Clear birds,and got to the Variegatedclasses.
the
upon
Kew.
Oakham
(Grey).
In
Barwell "
made
mark
a decided
Pheasants
{Any variety)." I and 3, M. Leno
(Swinhoe and Gold). 2 and
he, J. K. Fowler
of are out of the way,
with their bird,which, when
(Silver,Gold, and Kelledge).
one
or two I know
Selling
Class," l and 3, J. K. Fowler
2,J. Wing,
(Aylesburyand Houdans).
But I wish
and other no-donbt
tentioned
well-intake some
will
beating.
Oxford
(Silver Fowls), e, H. Yardley, Birmingham
(Grey Dorkings).
exhibitors would have doors to their cages, and not make ifc
Extra
Stock."
Turkcys.~hc,Lord Cheaham, Latimer
(2).

day by

ought

high-class
painted,
opinion

"

microscopic
only
Derby polish,
imaginary
illogical
applied
might
Bunting
Derby,
kindly
they
penned.
only
prize
thought
Derby,
Coventry,
being large
Whitby
request,
prizes, supplemented
permission
necessity
policyspeaks
prizes.
Golby,
eligible

"

"

"

quality,

easily,
taking

special

by
representative

place.
competition
forty-six
Evenly-markedJonques

Golby

they

Mr. Edward

WHITBY

CANAKY

before a bird can

be got at ;
to extract half a dozen screws
is greatrisk of a bird escapingwhen
the entire front of

necessary

Hewitt,of Sparkbrook,
Birmingham,officiated.

besides,there

the cage is removed.

waste of time to the

SHOW.

I say

nothingof the unnecessary and uncalled-for

If security
be the object,
a simple
padlock

Judge.

all purposes, and the key can be lodged

with the Secretary.
Adams
Think of this when you send your birds to the nest show.
and
Messrs.
Holmes
" Doyle, of
and Athersuch were
a good second
;
Nottingham,third with one not quiteAl in exactness of marking, but

will

answer

The
duties of an
honorary secretaryare endless ; so are his
of a kind,
anxieties. He has his pleasures,
that is, pleasures
too
would 'be considwred pains.
pleasureswhich to anyone in his senses
The
of a
beginning of the thing {I'm talkingabout the getting-up
of grandquality.Mr. Buntingalso
is
the
is weariness.
The intermediate
"

show)

hut
awfullyjolly,

end thereof
Thank
mixture of hopes and fears."
you.
That expresses it very nicely: a mixture
The
of hopes and fears.
line is not mine, but it will do. I was
goingto say (when a white
state

is

"a

piqueso naivelysuggestedthe other idea)that the intermediate state

is one of perspiration,
hot and cold ; the final
and suppressed,
copious
night,with
agony on the eve of the close of entries being a sleepless
cold drops trickling
down one's back like little shots,the committee
Sec. or
alike unmindful of the Hon.
meantime
slnmbering
peacefully,

showed
and
a good bird,marked
who was
capped,and Moore " Wynn sent their hero of many fights,
him.
But
state that I hardly recognised
when
in such a dilapidated
his fallen greatness,and wrote sii^ti-ansit againsthisI mused over
and said that even
if he were, like his
like him, be heard
was, he would still,
before
the
end
the
of to greateradvantage
of
season.
" Athersuch had no difficulty
in scoring
Adams
first again in the

number,
owner,

he whistled resurgam^
as he
once
so young

not

Evenly-markedBuffs vritha grand bird,a very good mealy edition of

famous
Mr. Hawman's
a nephew of Messrs.
Jonque,which is,I believe,
his anxieties. I was
not astonished,then, to know that the Hon.
bred by them.
Adams "z Co.'s bird,and was
Mr. Bunting'ssecond
See. for Whitby had been suffering
from
those symptoms which the
was
neat,very neat.
annual
return of the Show induces,having experiencedthem myself
In Ticked Jonques Mr. Close's firstwas
of delicious colour and
when
placedin similar circumstances ; nor will I deny that some slight
of
quality. Mr. Bunting's second,too, was good, and the v.h.c.
in my own
arose
as to the success
of the Show occasionally
misgivings
"
of
Bexson
the
credit
to
Mr. Headman, of
a
firm.
Bennett,
Derby,
it fell,
and what a
I remembered
mind when
how earlyin the season
mentioned
with one of the rightkind.
was
Whitby,
I
it
for
and
t
o
had
been
poor year
pictured myself
rearingyonng birds,
in alone in Ticked Buffs. I heard a person,
the ample staging
covered with cages judiciously Barwell " Golby came
onlyvery sparsely
awful bird. Bexson " Bennet made
an
a
good race for
say it was
But I received intimation
spaced out to make a littlego a greatway.
second with a very fine specimenwhich in nine years out of ten would
from the white piquethat the mercury
risen in the executive
had
been
first
but
bird
have
Barwell ": Co.'s
;
gave nothing a chance.
" Wynn, Bexson, Bulmer,
barometer.
Moore
All our old friends
Harrison,Hawman, Gayton, Burniston,Mills,Stevens,and a host of Mr. Buntingwould not be leftout in the cold,and Mr. Clominson, of
third.
beat all the commended
birds,earninga special
new
have turned
two hundred entries Darlington,
ones
and
received
"

"

up,

this

we

aearly

In Crests it was
Bridgenorthelection again all on one side.
Barwell " Golby showed one of the best Crests I have seen for years.
best.
The
bird has nothingto boast of in its markings,
tlie
monogram.
perhaps
The two hundred entries had swelled to nearly250, when, after a
is its colour extraordinary
the contrary. I think,however, it
on
nor
two-hours drive throughsome
colour
it has is the rightquality.Its crest is its
Stillthe
is a hen.
of the picturesque
scenery of the Esk, I
and
that feature is something
beautiful
set down at the door of the CongressHall, and found myselfface
was
chief attraction,
dat, well
to face with the firstcollectionof
feathers,
close,
birds entered for competition filledin behind,of goodlarge
silky
compact,and denBe"
young

morning,"and
envelope,on which

much more, all enclosed in

so
J. R. W."
struggledin a Laocoon

ever

"

"

scented

kind

"

of

"

"

OP

JOUENAL

Ssptember 21, 1871. ]

HORTICULTUEE

AND

COTTAGE

231

GAfiDENEB.

bee struggleout,and
and I perceive here and there a young
" Doyle earned
Holmes
and centre.
and with splendidentrance
tinctly
being this morning, when I cut from the frame the piecesent, I disfrom their bird (a rich Jonque variegated)
second placamore
The
stock is a
than from the excellence of its crest.
of the smaller grubs move.
saw
some
high np in Norwich properties
the
and
backward in condition,
of brood combs taken
As a rale,the birds in this class were
late artificialswarm,
a number
or rather
only earned a simplecommendation.
greaterportion
occupied
from a yellowstock and placedin a position
previously
son,
Belgianswere meritorious,bat oat of show condition. Mr. Robinof brood from the
the
first
batch
by a black stock, and this is
firstin Yellows with a bird a long way
was
of Middlesbrough,
I
and
all
of
There
five
frames
brood,
are
young queen.
above the average ; Mr. Bnlmer, of Stockton,runninghim very closely,
others in stock with
two frames,but have no
have removed
takingsecond and third and all there was to offerin the Buffs ; Mr.
which to replacethem, without taking them from other hives.
But it is
Harrison, of Belper,and Mr. Robinson havingto succumb.
in old-fashioned
I have also bought a lot of bees in Suffolk,
to say what
almost impossible
position birds are like when out of
Will you
which I have to bring to London.
hives (eighteen),
condition.
the
and
I
over
?
little
I
advice
not much struck with,
on
subject My own idea is to out a
was
pass
The Yorkshire classes
giveme a
" Doyle, hole in the
the top
on
secure
the Cinnamons, in which Messrs. Barwell Sc Co., Holmes
top of each hive (about3 inches),
and Mr. Mills,of Sunderland, shared the honours, to get at the Lizards, with plasterof Paris and long pins a pieceof wirework or zino
"
birds,
for
Preen's
Smith
Golden-spangled
and say a word of praise
put a pieceof a lath through to support the combs,
perforated,
A.
Silvers" they walked in." W.
and
Mr.
Ritchie's (Darlington)
stop the entrance with clay, pass a piece of cord round to
Blakstow.
and send a lightspringvan
the hive to the floor-board,
secure
(To be continued.)
I have plenty of empty Woodbury hives with
to fetch them.
frames,if you think it would be best to put two stocks together,
EGYPT.
OP
PIGEONS
and make nine strongones of the
as advised by Mr. Pettigrew,

alike._

"

"

sent to ns, in
have been obligingly
of the
inquiry,by the Secretary
correspondent's
Birmingham Columbarian Society.]
of Pigeons. M. de Norr
The Egyptiansare great admirers

[The followingnotes
to

answer

"
The houses of Upper Egypt are vast dovecots,in which
says,
for himself,and there he
the owner
reserves
only a chamber
lodgeswith the hens, chickens,"c., exposedto the devouring
The
insects which beset these animals."
Egyptiansspend

much
time on Pigeons. They have many
singularvarieties,
but,
like most earnest fanciers,
they keep the best for themselves,
a sightof their best birds.
so that it is difficultto obtain even
to be found in Egypt may be
are
Oat of the varieties which
Turn-crown
mentioned
Barbs, Tumblers, LaTurbits,Owls,
iiores,Swifts,and hosts of others,no doubt, with which I
said to be Indian
Lahores
are
Pigeons ;
not famiUar.
am

anch

may
in

be

the

case, but

theyare

I know

cultivated

sively
exten-

eighteen."T. F. W.
[We have carefullyexamined

to
your comb, and have come
that there is as yet no decided proof of its being
of the brood was dead and in
Some
foul brood.
have arisen from the
this may
a state of decomposition,but
excised. Examine
of
comb
the
was
piece
lapse of time since
of two or three weeks, and if yon find
your hive in the course
of sealed cells having
dead and putrid larvae,or numbers
in the centre of the covers, you may then
minute
perforations
the conclusion
affected with

decide that you are troubled with this dread disease.

Tour
proposed plan for removing your hives may answer
have always adopted and recommended
we
very well,but the method
of straw hives which have to
for the safe conveyance
is to procure some
coarse
travel any considerable distance,
open
and out it into squares
as cheese cloth,
canvas, or what is known
just sufficient to allow of the four corners being tied togetherover
Remove
the hive from its bottom board, and put
the crown.

Alexandria,for I have on several occasions seen them

unshippedat Liverpoolfrom that place. Swifts are Egyptian it down on the middle of the cloth,quicklysecuring the ends
take a long pieceof stout stringand tie
in
the top. Then
remarkable
and
over
they are almost unknown
birds,
ones;
During carriage
round the hive about an inch from the bottom.
describe them.
They have a round
Jingland,therefore I briefly
paleyellow care must be used that the hives do not rest on a flat surface.
head, short thick beak, and a very singular-looking
They are actuallysmall birds,though in appearance they If the bottom boards had two pieces of wood 1 inch square
"ye.
the hives
their upper surfaces,
are
large. Their wings and tail are unusuallylong,and give nailed 10 inches apart across
could stand on them, being secured,if necessary, by cord. A
The legsof these birds are short.
the bird a novel appearance.
T^heir colours are various ; the most
strikingare those with a springvan, with plenty of straw on the bottom, might convey
the rail,
have generally
Pied and spangled ones
the hives safely; but we
and light
hackle.
preferred
bronzed appearance
If yon desire to
for long distances.
where
it was
not
the most numerous.
Why they are called Swifts I canpracticable,
seem
them
into
frame
comprehend. It cannot be from the speed at which they have fewer but strongerstocks,and to transfer
fly,for,like most birds with long pinions,they cannot flyfast. hives,you would save yourselfconsiderable trouble in their
would be hardly secured enough for
desirable in birds that have to perform transport; but the combs
The long wing is most
them to resist the shaking they
to enable
time to come
but the short and sharp-pointed
wing for speed. some
greatdistances,
would get. If you could transfer the combs now, feed liberally,
that is,the smaller and better kind,are pecuOwls, of course
liar
fanciers know; in fact,that fruitful and defer the removal of the hives until winter or earlyspring,
to Africa,as most
You would save expense and
should advise your doing so.
we
Pigeons. J. W. Ludlow.
portionof Africa abounds in high-class
trouble in cloths and carriage.]
"

"

SHALL

be

glad if

ALLERTON

AT

PIGEON-TRIMMING
I

you
member

SHOW.

will insert the followingin your next

HIVING

ITALIAN

BEES.

Committee
I was apof the AUerton
pointed Several
have written to me saying they find it more
parties
Field Steward to the Pigeon department,and to accompany
why
difficult to hive Italian than black bees,and wish to know
he
his
awards
on
the Judge during the time
was
making
I would give is this : They are naturally
The
it is so.
reason
that
I
the day of the Show, and I most
state
not
distinctly
more
energetic,and when aroused and in a state
more
lively,
in question,but also
examine the Nuns
only saw Mr. Hutton
the disturbance
Hence
intense.
is more
of excitement, the excitement
witnessed him take out of their necks several dexterously-cut
caused by swarming or issuingfrom the hive does not
had been trimmed
for the purpose
which I presume
feathers,
black
bees
with the
as
; they are consequently
so readilyabate
of obtainingeven
marking.
the heat generatedis
and when clustered,
longerin clustering,
what he
Bespectingthe Dragoons I do not exactlyremember
far greater; they do not, therefore,cluster compactly,but the
said farther than this,that he believed them to be two cocks,
cluster is largeror more
spreadabout than with black bees.
but in consequence
of their being so young he could not positivelyThus it
diately
happens that when one attempts to hive them immedetermine,and so gave them the benefit of the doubt.
after they cluster,
they are sure to take wing in large
Threats
at all times considered
are
poor argument, and in
turned
out
when
and
shaken
down,
numbers; when they are
this case I think it may be taken as an attempt to destroy
of the hiving dish,or cloth spread to receive them, they spread
D.
of
Street,
Clayton, Washington
Girlington.out over a large surface,and, like hot ashes,are very difficult
iionesty purpose.'
[We are induced to insert this because we are informed that to handle.
This is nothing againstthem, however, as it proves
Mr.
Hutton.
written
Jetters have been
endeavouring to injure
their more
energeticdisposition.It is well to allow the cluster
issue.

Being

"

"Eds.]
FOUL
I

HAVE

TRANSPORTING

BROOD"
sent you

small

HIVES.

comb
from a hybrid
afraid is afflictedwith the foul brood

pieceof

stock of bees,which I am
disease. Ton will observe that

brood

some

of the cells are

empty,

well settled,and if convenient sprinklewith cold

to become
artificialswarming is practised,this trifling
Where
water.
ment
When
not under a state of excitedoes not appear.
diifioulty
easilymanaged, as their labours seem
they are more
and a card of comb
to wholly engross their attention,
may be

lifted from

the hive and not

dozen

bees leave it,and the

JOXJBNAL

232

quesQ will often oontinne layingas if

J. H. TaOMis.
[Canada,Times)

OF

HOETICULTDRE

AND

nothing had oeourred.

"

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

[ September 21,1871.

of the cells have perforations in their covers, with a

somo
viscous
fluid within, and the hive's interior gives forth a nauseous
at once
the combs, frames, and
bees to
smell, your friend may
condemn
to another
the fire,treating the hivo as advised
correspondent. We
two
are
kinds of the disease called foul brood, one
believe that there
malignant and incurable,the other not malignant, and not only curable
by treatment, but such as may die out of itself. The latter may, and
often does, pass into the former.

symptoms,

dnrb

"

had consideroble experiencewith Ligarian bees,

of them, but we have never
found
hived many
BwarmB
than
in inducing these bees to " settle,"
any greater difSeulty
"with Bwarms
composed entirelyof the ordinaryvariety. Mr,
the super entirely,
Feeding
Bees
Thomas
is quite eorreot in h s ideas regarding their more
(R. W.). You had better remove
easy
passing the string through as you did before. You will probably find
swarming is practised. Eds.]
management where artificial
it. Having
less honey in the comb
than when
previously examined
you
the super,
removed
you will be able to ascertain,by liftingthe stock,
in using
whether it requires feeding,and if so, you will have no difficulty
of straw, you may
the bottle-feeder. If your hive is made
put down the
OUR
LETTER
BOX.
weight of hive,combs, and board, at about 10 lbs. or 12 lbs.,and deduct
Cock {An Old Subscriber). The cock has done well.
Dohkikg
A Pbize
of wood
that amount
from the gross weight. If made
a larger allowance
in your
is nnmi stake able evidence, and
place we should perpetuate must
Snccess
be made.
be the judge of appearances.
If he seem
the strain. You must
in vigorous health we should put him, not to hens, but to strong forward
OBSERVATIONS,
METEOROLOGICAL
It will probably be his last season.
than two or three.
not more
pullets,
Camden
Square, London.
CoCKEREr.
HoAKSE
(E. TF.)."Camphor given in pillstwo at a
HouDAN
the crowing capatime, the size of a garden pea, will probably restore
bilities
0"
8'
0" W. ; Altitude 111 feet.
Lat. 51" 32' 40" N. ; Long.
of the Houdan
cock, but as you say he is in perfect health we
time
watch
him
At the same
to let well alone.
advise you
Day.
; if,as we
0 A.M.
In thb
is the result of cold, it may
the dumbness
get worse, and
think likely,
Radiation
and
Bread
ale are very good
that is not desirable at this time of year.
Shade
TemHygromeTemperaDirecTemp,
can
answer
1871.
things for a cold. While on the subject of crowing we
of of Soil
Qallus," who says his cocks crow
day and night,
another question from
at 1 ft.
Wmd.
In
Sept.
I On
strap round the throat will prevent it.
and wishes to know if a narrow
Wet,
Dry.
sun.
Igrass
If buckled very tight it will prevent it,but it is injurious to the bird.
Kailway
s).~Get
round
basket
a
Inches.
(leg.
deg.
high
Fowls
by
(Duckling
deg.
depr.
de?.
Sekding
deg.
56.3
We. 13
61.8
62.2
30.231
N.E.
71.8
55.3
118.2 I 54.2
enough for the cock to stand upright in, and roomy enough for the three
Th. 14
59.8
54.2
62.0
71.6
66 0
80.277
N.E.
KVl.O ; 54.3
oat straw
at
canvas,
put some
birds to squat in. Cover it with coarse
I 50.0
61.5
Fri. 15
30.227
65.2
58.6
73.0
53.8
3.E.
115.4
bottom, and despatch your birds. Send them off by a night train,and
60.0
74.3
53.0
61.8
Sat. 16
30.224
64,0
E.
121.5
52.5
they will want no food nor attention. There is no physic for Ducks, and
"9.6
56 3
61.B
69.2
52.0
Sun.l7
30,215
N.E.
106.O 1 49.8
continue
therefore when 'anything is amiss we
always try change of food. Dis51.2
111.2 i 48.6
56.8
49.5
60.5
6".l
Mo.
18
30.135
E.
Give the ducklings some
tlie potatoes and Indian corn.
gravel Tu. 19
65.1
49.2
54.8
113.3
49.2
30.114
48.7
N.E.
give them in the
mixed up with their food. If they are in confinement
70.2 ] 52.9
60.3
54.8
112.8 ; 51.2
Means
80.203
vessel with their meal a sod of growing grass with plenty of mould.
These are very conducive to digestion.
"A man, signing himself
R.H.
Non-prepayment.
op
Consequences
PuEMARKS.
from
a fortnightago
Liverpool, asking
Roby, near
Ellison,'wrote to me
13th. Fine day, but at times oppressive and stormlike ; heavy clouds at
for sale.
to send him some
Partridge Cochins which I had advertised
me
sunset, afterwards very clear till 9 pm., at which time a very peculiar
I am sorry to say I complied with his request. The letter appeared to be
cloud
from a distant fire)suddenly
(more like the smoke
I have
not heard
on
deep black-edged paper.
genuine, and was written
the sky, the parts between looking an intense
spread nearly all over
and all
from
the man
Bince,though I have written to him for the money,
the contrast.
blue from
I can find out is that he sends for his letters to the Roby post office,and
14th." Bather dull all day, but no rain.
hashad
Hillyard, Southam, Warwickshire."
lately. Frek. Temple
many
Rather dull in early morning, but very fine after,the sun
15th
being
police."Eds.]
[Inform the "Liverpool
bright with a cool breeze.
Show."
informs ns that he
Mr. R. P. Moon, of Driffield,
Cottingham
16th. Fine morning, lovelyday, wind risingat night.
the first prize for Trumpeter Pigeons.
"won
17th. Very fine all day, but quite cool in the evening.
Pigeon
Portraits
OuB
(A. C. E.)-" Since the Fantail in No. 512,the
chillyand autumn-Iike in the
18th," A similar day, hut if anything more
followingportraitshave been publishedby us:" The Turbit, No. 523 ; the
evening.
in
19th. A rather dull and autumnal-looking day, and cloudy at nis^ht.
Jacobin, No. 526; the Owl, No. 533 ; and the Beard and Baldhead
No. 541.
Cooler than last week, but temperature still above the average.
Dry
and no rain during the week." G. J, Syhoks.
the last edition, easterlywinds prevalent,
as
Pigeon
Book
(W. M., Leeds), It will be the same
and will be ready in a week.
Rabbits
(J. D. C,)."The skins of the Himalayan
Skins of Himalayan
COTENT
GARDEN
MARKET."
September
20.
Rabbit are not so valuable as those of the SUver-Grey, yet both are of
at this
to be of the usual character
transactions continue
Business
If
who will generallypurchase them if in the season.
to the furrier,
use
of
Peaches
and
We
have
fair
a
Nectarines, but that of
supply
dress season.
they are not purchasers themselves, they will furnish you with the adis somewhat
of Apples and
Pears
of home-growth
descriptions
good
skin.
than the priceyon name
of dealers who will,and at more
per
varieties
limited.
French
d'Anpouleme, Louise
comprise Duchesse
Hare-Rabbits
Tdrning-out
Belgian
(Idem). They and Silver-Greys Bonne, and Jersey Gratioli. Hothouse
Grapes are abundant.
the size of
to increase
also are profitablefor turning down ; the former
the common
Rabbit, and the latter to increase the value of the fur. Both
are
sought after for the purpose just now, yet they should be five or sis
should have some
old to insure
their doing well,and
months
protection
if four months
from
the cold. We would
advise the spring,or even
now
the introWe recommend
duction
old,to be fullygrown by the breeding season.
of the largestspecimens obtainable,especiallyof the Belgians.
Uniting
Bees (E.F.). If you can shift your two hives, a foot at a time,
rather nearer
to each other,it would be as well to do so ; but if not able to
into the
to drive the bees of both stocks
do so, perhaps you could manage
same
empty hive, and then shake them into the one they are intended to
bees being
There would
be littlerisk of fighting,or of many
occupy.
stand.
We
should not recommend
lost by returning to their former
your
beea
putting the expelled bees into an empty side box. We have known
refuse to unite under such circumstances, and to be individuallykilled
as they attempted to leave the hive for forage or exercise,to say nothing
of a general slaughter.
foul brood
Brood?
sists
conWhat
is Foul
{Idem). The disease called
The
cells so affected
in the death and decomposition of the brood.
have usually littleperforations in their centre,and on the sealingbeing
removed
there will usually be found the remains ol the tenants in a more
or less advanced
stage of corruption. Some healthy larvse may be brought
ally,
to maturity in the vicinityof,or surrounded
by cells so affected. Eventuso
clogged-np with the
however, the entire breeding space becomes
remains
of the victims of the disease,that
the queen
cannot find room
for her eggs, the bees gradually dwindle away, the hive perishesaltogether
the
and is visited and robbed
by the bees of other atoeks, who convey
habitations.
Even the honey the diseased stock
contagion into their own
contain
is contaminated, and will be the vehicle by which the malady
may
covered
When
its existonce is diswill he conveyed from
one
colony to another.
in any hive, burn the combs
and bees ; if the hive is not very
valuable burn that also ; if otherwise,thoroughly cleanse it by scraping
and
boiling water, and wash it out with a super-saturated solution of
chloride of lime.
If yon can refrain from using the hive for a couple of

[Wa have

and

have

"

"

"

ter.

"

tion

perature.
ture.

"

'

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

seasons,
Foul

so

much

the better.

{D. N. Cantab). Although the piece of brood comb sent

to poBsese
seems
of the symptoms
which
indicate the presence of
some
the disease,yet we
not
are
quite satisfied on the point,and hesitate to
pronounce
examined

Brood

"

decided verdict. We
the combs
to be
ehould recommend
in three or four weeks' time, and ifjin addition to the present
a

POULTRY
GnonsE
soaroor

birds.

MARKET."

continne
plentifnl,though
than they have been lor many

Septembeh

20.

the glat ia over.

There are
years.

Partridges

are

very Jew young

OF

JOUBNAL

234

HOKTICULTUBE

AND

COTTAGE

GABDENEE.

23, 1871.

[ September

Comtesse
de Chabrillant' at one
of the meetings of the Floral Committee
Morren, and
this spring,
Noman, Edward
when
it took a first-class certificate.It was not quite sufficiently
and I estimate them in the order named.
is perfectin form, beautiful in colour,very
out when
Marie Banmann
shown, but that it was a good Eose was then
The only fault I have to find with
evident, and a personal inspectionof a number
of plantsof it
constant,and a good grower.
that
this Boss is that the flower stalk is not stout enough to keep in Mr. William Paul's nursery enables me to say positively
Rothschild
is
in
form
and
Baroness
it
ia
fine
an
bloom
erect.
perfect
that
exceedingly
new
Eose, one
the
every rosarian
like
most
beautiful in colour. What can surpass its pinky shellought to add even to the choicest collection,
and one that will
petals? It is,too, a famous grower, has splendid foliage, remain in the lists for many a day. 1 fear I shall tire your
M.

There is only one drawback,it is not very

and is very constant.
patience,and so I wiU now
stop,though when wound
np on
this subjectI hardlyknow when to do so.
sweet-scented. If ithad but the odour of La France it would be
P.,Essex.
this
world.
for
La
France
is
a splendid
a flower almost too good
Bose, and so distinct too. It evidentlyhas Tea blood in it. I
admit that it is not choice in colour,but its form is to my mind
TRIAL
OF
PEAS
AT
SEAHAM
HALL,
what
Eose equals it in this
; and then its scent
perfection
1871.
SUNDERLAND,
respect? Take a bloom justat it is opening, blow it open,
All
of the following
varietieswere
the same day,
sown
on
to be set free. La France is,too, a good
and what an odour seems
4th.
March
and I am
not
even
now
grower, and wonderfully floriterous,
quitesure that I ought not to have placedit at the head of the
and will not soon be pushed aside.
list. Certainlyit is first-rate,
(" p.
In
Louis Van Houtte, a Eose of 1869, has been so well shown
flower.
and is so choice in colour and so sweet-scented,
this summer,
:";S"|
that I have no hesitation in settingit down as first-olass. The
"
" if
it
I
it
but
?
Is
in
this
a
good grower
hope is,
case
is.
or but
!feet
I do not feel quite sure about this. Countess of Oxford,another
'
June
27 1 6
Good
Auvergne
July
variety.
*Advancer
Good
variety.
of the 1869 Eoses, is also a splendid addition to our
18[3t
very
j
3 7
tall
"Carter's Leviathan
Good
July
variety.
choicest varieties; it is very distinct in colour,having that 'BlueScimetar
I
14
Good
useful variety. Beat
for a dry season.
fine,dark, vivid scarlet crimson tint which is,so far as I can
12
June
Good
dwarf variety.
Bishop's
Longpodded
only seen in that good,when caught well,though very 'British Queen
3
recollect,
July
Very good tall variety.
of
The
drawback
to
20
'Champion
Very good.
inconstant Bourbon, Eev. H. Dombrain.
England^June 22
7 5
Good
sort.
"Carter's Invicta
new
I can name, is that it is not
this flower,and it is the only one
29 6
Tail
variety, large peas,
'Competitor
and very
and good flavour.
a good grower
a fine-scented Eose, for it is certainly
10
"Climax
Very good useful sort.
constant.
"

"

,.

..

"

"

...

Champion

19J

Jiiiy 2

of jScotland

28

My nest Eose, Mdlle. E. Verdier,is also a Eose of 1869, and

June
19
It "Dickson's Favourite.
it is not highlyscented.
is good in every respectbut one
26
Dvi^arf Sugarloaf
5
tDickson's
First " Best
has a good waxy very lightpink petal shading to white,grows
"13
Eley's Esses Rival
Vidot is an especialfavourite
Madame
well,and is constant.
Kentish
victa
IntEastes'
all but white,as it often does, I
it comes
of mine, and when
^Evershed'a
Marrow..
know of no Eose which I would exchange for it. I shall never
"Epicurean
22
exhibited in tFortyfold
forgeta bloom of this Eose which Mr. Cant once
I forgetwhere it was, but
some
a stand of twelve
years ago
22
'Glory of Cassel
there
it
is
mind's
and
in
Grotto
July 13
the Eose was
photographed
my
eye,
June
27
old
iHundredf
be propaVidot is a good grower, but it must
Madame
now.
gated
Harrison's
Glory
every two or three years, if you would obtain good healthy *Huiitiugdonian

Cannot
recommend
this,
bad flavour.
Good
useful liind.
A useless
variety.
One of the best earlyvars.
Good.

"

20
6
23

..

Very good

7
23
23
23

Good.
Good.
Good

19
20
20
21

....

'Hallett'a Large
is a flower too well
Charles Lefebvre
wood and fine blooms.
row
MarImperial Green
about
to make it necessary to say much
and appreciated
known
Imperial Wonder
in my selection because it is not
it. I placeit thus low down
King of the Marrovrs
liighlyscented,and has not a nice habit of growth. The
growth is strongenough, but it is too fond of sending out one
^LittleGem
or
two very gross shoots at the expense of the rest of the plant.
"Laxton'a Quality
The individual blooms
sent
are, perhaps,the finest that we at pretLaxton'B
Quantity
have, and those who saw the three blooms which that
tLaxton's Alpha
some
clever florist Mr. Keynes showed
years ago at South
tLaxton's
Supreme.
Kensington (setup, horrible to say, in blacking or ginger-beer
.

July

27
2

June

29

23

..

will not easilyforgetthe sight.

bottles),
Marquise de Castellane is a flne addition to our clear light
pink Eoses. In one word, it is a pink Baroness Bothschild,
in recommendation
of it. This is
and I can hardly say more
also a Bose of 1869,thus making four first-classEoses added
Noman
is
M.
that
a fine-shaped,
thick,
to our lists in
year.
and deep-petalled
flower,and was last year very constant with
This wet season, however, did not suit it,and almost all
me.
and rotted without opening. In an
the buds turned brown
this is a Eose that I am
will give great
sure
ordinaryseason

satisfactionto the rosarian.

Edward
good, is grand indeed, and
Morren, when

Maclean's
Mammoth
"Maclean's
tMaclean's
Mumstead

"Wonderful
Dwarf
Prolific
Premier
Marrow
Nonpareil Marrow
Nelson's Vanguard
iNe Plus Ultra

28
22

....

Too

10

Can blghlyrecommendthis
for general use.
liind.
Good
new
Good.
One
BighUy named.
of the best.
Good.

Si

23
80

20

to

be

Very good. Highly

mended.
recommended.
recom-

mended.
recom-

Good.

6
5

30

11

SI

151

.,

80|7

..

large

5
Good.
14
6
One of the host.
28 5 to 6 A good tall variety.
22 6 to 6 Good
tall variety.

....

..

..

SO

8^

Very good.

of the best for general

use.
Highly recommended.
20 6 to 6 Good.
dark green variety.
261
6
Good
4
A useless
58
variety.
26
5
Highly recommended.
6
6
Good
early variety; one of
the best.
26
Good.
10
Very good early kind.

24 5 to 6 One

Paradise Marrow

271 8

"Prizetaker

Peabody
tPrincess Royal

..,

tRingleader

22]
7

Surprise
+Sanestei''8

really

A good useful Pea.

Too
large to be

21

12
20

...

kind, and good

21
29

12
23

....

useful

sort.

cropper.
Good.
Tall late land.
One of the best.
Good, but not the best.
A good taU variety.
A fine tall variety.

"

..

new

No.

1
tSuttons' Early Cham

pion
Good.
by far surpass that good old useful Eose Jules Mar6 5i
tTaber'a Perfection
Good. The pods are warty,
brilliant in colour,and I think
much
like those of Grot
gottin; it is larger,much more
Too tall fur general
to.
What
a pity it is that one
only getsabout
of a better form.
use.
11' 8
If it were
but constant
it would
"Tom
Thumb
one
26
Good.
good bloom in a dozen.
The
Australian
Wig
S
Aug.
I think.
The last Bose of
at least,so
be the best Eose out
271 81 July 28
Veitch'a Perfection
A good useful Pea, of good
Chabrillant.
de
Some
old
Comtesse
ia
the
good
flavour.
my selection
80'
Waterloo
Pi-olific
7
28
call it a formal Eose, but in my eyes it ia perfectin form, and
tDwai-f
One of the heat ; very
fic.
proliSO
Branching
11]31
its dear bright colour,its constancy,good growth, and fine
Highly recommended.
tYorkshli-e Hero
A good useful sort.
in my opinion,
fairlyentitle it to the positionI have
foliage,
assignedit.
The precedingare the results of the trial of Peas at Seaham
good
OJ coming Eoses I know but little. I understand on
six varieties were
tested. It is due from
authoritythat Mr. G. Paul has a very fine seedling called Hall this year. FiftyE. Marnock, from Duke of Edinburgh, of a dark maroon
colour, me to say how satisfactory
it is to find the greatcare taken by
the trade in keepingthe sorts so select. I actuallyfind out of
but I have missed seeing it,and therefore cannot of my own
Those
kinds scarcelytwo Peas resemble each other.
so
knowledge say anything about it. I have, however, no doubt
many
marked
with an asterisk (*)I can recommend, and those with
from what I hear that it is a fine flower.

does

"

Mr. William Paul showed

new

Eose

calledPrincess Beatrice

an

obelisk (f)I can

highlyrecommend

as

the most useful kinds.

Septemier 28, 1871,]

JOUENAL

OP

HORTICULTUEB

AND

COTTAGE

GAEDENER.

235

cidingEnglishand American, which are lauded to the skies,but not

gardenersto assistme in desay I have had six praoiioal
their merits. All the kinds have grown so tall,
owing one have I found to come
on
up to the Eose in any one particular.
to the wet season, that the extreme
height cannot be taken as a Mind, I am writingwith reference to earlykinds. The Eose
standard.
As to flavour,
the trial was made
in the raw state, I have is anything but
uneatable,"
watery," " nasty,"
"
which I think is not a good criterion. Although some
harsh," and " unpleasant,"as described by Mr. Eivere. This
deners
garhave
I
is
the
kind
that
it
has
been
the
in
the
of
not
of
raw
over-extolled,
state,
pretend to judge
quality
my experience
that the
commend that it is fit for the table in sixtydays after planting,
failedas yet to master this part of judging. I must highly reI
that the flavour cannot
be surpassed (at
Little Gem.
to the notice of gardeners Maclean's
yield is enormous,
kind to equal it, and I
consider it the best Pea ; it requiresno
stakes,has a good least,I have not met with any one
be grown
in rows
flavour, is early and productive; can
only have tried every reputed " first quality,"both Englishand
"
1 foot 6 inches apart,and the produce is equal to or more
than
American),that it is anythingbut watery," "earthy," "dry
This is what I have
that of the tall varieties,
and harsh," as described by Mr. Eivers.
taking into consideration the same
trenched
feet
found
it. In this respect,at sixtydays,though as large as a
be
2
of
It
however,
should,
ground.
space
Potatoes ; at
Eobekt
deep, and be well manured.
Dbapek, Seaham
Hall, very large duck's egg, it is like most other new
Sunderland,
seventy days the tubers begin to ripen somewhat, and then
and for a third of their thickness are somewhat
burst in boiling,
fall to
floury; when fullygrown and ripened they literally
TILLANDSIA
LINDENIANA
CULTURE.
in
cooking. They continue to retain this qualitytill
pieces
Bromeliaoeous
This
and handsome
plant they begin to start,towards the end of Aprilwith
very remarkable
but
if its
us,
introduced from Brazil a few years ago by Mr. Linden, of
was
off it continues
six weeks later,
or
a month
eyes are rubbed
It
exhibited
in
honour
whom
it
is
named.
at
of
was
Brussels,
than obtains with most other
which is quiteas much and more
the Paris Exhibition and also at the St. Petersburg Show in

I may

"

"

"

"

earlykinds.

and admiration
astonishment
by
and np to this date have discarded
the subjoined,
I have grown
its extreme
beauty.The leaves of this plant are crowded round
late
all but the Early Eose and Harrison's,a Yankee
the base of the stem, spreading out on
all sides,slightlyrecurved
Potato.
towards the ends, and thus forming an elegantvase-like
Kivers's Eoyal AshEarly Sovereign
Early Handsworth
plant ; they vary in length from 9 to 18 inches,and are about
leaf
Bocks
Dalmahoy
inch across
at the base,tapering upwards to a point,dark
an
Reds
Climax
American
Mona's Pride
side,the veins on the under
green on the channelled upper
Owen's
Goodrich's Early
Myatt'sAsUeaf
side being of a deep reddish purple. The flower scape rises
Flukes
Blueg
Eose
Early
from the centre to the height of 12 or 18 inches,the upper
Christie's
Red Ashleafs
Early Goodricli
tichous,
6 or 7 inches loBg, clothed with disPaterson's Victoria
Jackson's "White
portion or spike,Eome
Harrison,and a host of
local varieties.
Prince
of
Wales
about
which
are
Regents
imbricating,boat-shapedbracts,
2 inches in length,dark green, suffused with rosy pink towards
This year I have planted the Eed-skinned Flourball and the
the edges. The flowers are, perhaps,the largestof any known
The latter I have tried,
but it does not come
Early Eacehorse.
in diameter ;
speciesof this genus, measuring 2 inches or more
and flavour).
earliness,
up to my Early Eose in any way (size,
the colour is lightviolet,ehading-offinto azure
blue, with a The EarlyEose is not what can be called a rank grower ; but,
streak of white running up into it from the base of
feathery
then, I do not plantPotatoes in over-rish ground, so that this
each petal,forming a brilliant ornament
to the plant house,
for size and quality. I plant
measure
may account in some
and that, too, of a colour which is exceedingly
rare
amongst but a singleeye, and in drills,
and earth-upbut once.
Should
the denizens of our stoves.
side shoots
of throwing out many
an
eye have the appearance
longing
Tillandsia Lindeniana
other plantsbeindeed,many
(with,
lbs.
lbs.
from
I cut it in two.
to 7
My average yieldis 5
is well deservingof a place
to the order Bromeliaceffi),
It the eye is planted entire the yieldhas come
up
every eye.
in every garden where stove accommodation
be afiorded it, in five out of six roots lifted to 7
can
lbs.,if cut in two, 5 lbs. For
combining as it does such extremely beautiful flowers with a seed I do not let the tubers get over-ripe. I cannot imagine
neat and compact habit of growth.
climate can
affect their qualities.
There is,perhaps,no class of plants so easilycultivated as
this fine Potato,
I have no
hesitation in recommending
factory
the Bromeliads,and yet we seldom see them grown in a satisdespiteall that has been written against it. I could supply
The soil best adapted for them
is a mixture
manner.
of
the
kind
I
have.
I would not
small
a
quantity
anyone with
of peat and loam in about equal parts,with a good quantity
of be bothered with
sending away from this a large order,for I
sand mixed in it. Large pots are
not at all necessary, but it
am
no
farmer, but cultivate a few things for home
tion,
consumpis very essential that good drainageshould be secured ; in addition
and by way of introducingsuperiorkinds of vegetables.
to this these plants have another means
of subsistence, I have found the Goodrich
valueless. The Harrison's in my
overlooked or disregardedby opinion is the finest late Potato
which, however, is too frequently
grown, yield 490 bushels to
the majorityof gardeners either through ignorance or
lessness,
carethe acre with me.
It keeps well,and is as flouryas the Early
but if anyone will take a glanceat these plantstheir
Eose.
I cannot imagine the Flourball will beat the Harrison's ;
peculiarconstruction will at once be apparent. Their leaves should they,then I shall patronisethem instead.
all sheathing
are
at the base and form largecavities which hold
I am
curious in Peas,and have tried every known
kind. The
water,and as the upper surface of the leaves in most instances
and
the Frizetaker,
Eingleader,Laxton's Supreme and Prolific,
is channelled,they conduct whatever water falls in a state of Drew's Dwarf bear the palm. K.
nature into the before-mentioned
and this undoubtedly
cavities,
is of material advantage to the plants. Tet how
frequently
have we seen
who
men
consider themselves good gardeners,
ROSES.
TEA
the
water out,and hence, as a consequence,
deliberately
empty
It gave me much
pleasure to find myself supportedin my
the miserable and unsatisfactory
condition in which
the Bromeliads
Mr. "W.
hand
as
appeal for Tea Eoses by such an experienced
are
usually seen.
My advice,therefore,is.Always Paul. I must, however, repeat,that in my experiencethe Tea
apply water to these plants upon the leaves,so that the latter
On
the protectionof a wall.
Eose can be grown without even
have a constant supply standing in these natural receptacles,
may
referringto my Eose book before me, I find I have somewhat
for this is in my
opinion of much
quence
greater consefine
a
My garden,
over
sixtyvarieties of Tea-scented Eoses.
than the soil in which the plants are potted. Expeeto
rich loam, runs
down
to a river ; it faces south,but is more
Cbese.
than
it
to be.
winds
My Teas
and
N.E.
ought
to
S.W.
open
are
planted in borders by themselves,in lines north and south.
POTATOES.
the Manetti
stock,but a
I had about 250 of them, mostly on
"
Tour
short Dog Eose
D., Deal," and Mr. Thos. Eivers, good number
correspondents,
stocks,plantedout all last
on
in No. 515 of this Journal, cannot, I think, have the " true
river
the
at' their
winter,and though I had a week's skatingon
Early Eose," but a kind almost identical in appearance externally,
feet,I did not lose a singleTea Eose, though I lost a few Perthe American
Red, for when first dug nine-tenths are
petuals. The only protectionmy Eoses had was about 3 inches
in size and shape as nearly alike as two peas, and would
and half-rotten leaves over the surface
ceive of old hotbed manure
defive out of six observers ; but cut them and cook them, of the beds, put on at the beginning of November.
I need not
and you will then detect the difference. The true EarlyEose
say that I did not let them see the knife until quitethe end of
I
of
the
Potatoes
I 'have grown
finest
is, maintain,one
I cut my
March.
firstblooms this spring about the third
grown.
it for the last three years with many
other kinds, both
week in May.

1869, where it excited much

"

"

236

JOUBNAL

OF

HOBTICULTUEE

AND

COTTAGE

GAEDENBK.

[ September 23, 1371.

Tour
correspondent,"Coenubia," gives a list of his Teas,
and asks for a list of the best twelve.
I congratulatehim
if
he has succeeded
with Monplaiser. I have tried it in every

have been plantednor houses built near to them.

As yon drive
further into the wood
the destruction is not so great as one
on
might have imagined it would have been ; and I dare say after
form, and I think it a regularimpostor,and so has every Eose- some
time, provided there be no more
revolutions,it may
with whom
"chatted"
this year; it will not
I have
somewhat
of its former
resume
grower
Driving along
appearance.
and
flower
in
two
the
not
thousand
would
be
fitto
from
Porte
Maillot
one
to Point de Jour, Passy, "a., on
open,
put
every
in a stand at any country show.
side you see traces of the frightful
civil war that disgracedParis
My advice is,work Marechal
Niel on every plant of it you may have.
Adrienne
the
months
in
of
and
when
the
March,
April,
May,
Christophle
citywas
is most uncertain,it so rarelyopens a perfectflower,but yet is, ruled by the Commune,
and when
wretches
gathered out of
of the galleys
undoubtedly, a fine Eose ; it will not, however, do on the every nation,the forgats
and the gaol birds of
Briar, it is not strong enough; my best are on the Manetti
France, held high revel in the palacesand buildingsof the City
stock.
I now
list
of
of the Seine.
Had the Prussians committed
give my
one-tenth part of
twelve,with the stocks on which
I grow them.
D stands for Dog Eose, M for Manetti budded
this destruction they would have been regarded as worse
than
Goths
low, the junctionbeing 2 inches underground :
and Vandals
Frenchmen
they are regarded by some
bad.
now
as
all
this
has
the
as
But
been
work
Sonvenir d'un Ami, rose.
D or M.
prettynearly
and
Sonvenir d'Elise,
blnsh.
white
of Frenchmen
Comte
de Paria,
feel sad at heart
one
D or M.
The best Tea.
pale flesh. M.
; and it is enough to make
David Pradel, rose and lavender.
President,
palerose and salmon. to think that all this was done in the nineteenth century,in the
M.
M.
very capitalof what is called civilisation.
Louise de Savoie,
lemon. D.
D or M.
Niphetos,
But you want to know, perhaps, how individuals have suffered
pure white.
Madame
Bravj,white,rose centre. Madame Willermoz. DorM.
by it. My friend Mr. Douglas wrote a paper in the Journal
DorM.
D
M.
Moiret,fawn.
or
two weeks ago, in his usual practicalstyle,
the Phlox, and
on
D or M.
Sonvenir de David, crimson.
M.
Enbens,white and rose.
of some
good and select varieties. Now, there
gave the names
is no one to whom
To these I must add
indebted for the improvement
are
more
we
of this fiower,or so much
had for
so, as to poor Lierval,who
Madame
La Sylphide,
centre fawn.
Margottini(yellow).
cream,
D
many
1
years given great attention to it. No sadder history
Madame
Charles
M.
or M.
than
his
is
to
be
told
in
with
connection
the
Some
J
Madame
Falcot
war.
years
Bongere,rosy bronze. D.
establishment
for a
ago he left his former comparativelymean
These I have tried some
time and can
mend.
thoroughlyrecomnew
which he had expended the savingsof many
on
one,
years.
There are
several new
varieties which
promise to be He had built
a new
dwelling-house,a fine range of iron greenhouses,
but only having had
them
great acquisitions,
I
one
season
and some
wooden
also ; he had gatheredtogether
ones
cannot as yet speak positively viz.,Catherine Mermet, Belle
fine
collection of stove and greenhouse plants.Palms, Ferns,
a
Lyonnaise,Tour Bertrand, Jean Fernet,and Unique.
When
the siegecommenced
"e.
he removed
there with one
The
followingcannot be grown out of doors
viz.,Elise
about fourteen.
In the beginning of December
he was
son
Sauvage, La Boule d'Or, Smith's Yellow, Marie Sisley,
and
seized with small pox, and that terrible disease acting on
a
Eeine du Portugal. They make, however, fine pot plants.
feeble body, rendered stillmore
so by anxiety and insufficiency
Tea Eoses on the Manetti stock should be turned out of pots
of nourishingfood,carried him ofi. He did not die of starvation
in May, well mulched, and freelydosed with liquid manure
it was
as
the
reported. His son-in-law then undertook
mulched
(Iuse guano water),
again in autumn, and not pruned
of
the
alas
what
!
could
he
do
The
care
severest
?
place; but,
tillMarch.
Stiff Soil,Somerset.
winter known
for many
in
France
fuel
came
on
years
apace ;
became
could be had for heating greenhouses and
scarce, none
stoves, while people were perishingfrom cold,and so Lierval's
HORTICULTURAL
PARIS
IN
1871," No. 2.
collection was
doomed.
An effort was made to get some
of the
THE
SUEUEES.
plantsinto the dwelling-houseand so save them, but it was
fruitless.
Then
shells
blank
the
from Talerien, and now
came
If one
is surprisedat the manner
in which
the Parisians
and utter destruction marks the place; the garden is overgrown
have resumed
their wonted
life when
they now look round on
the blackened ruins of their publicbuildingsin the interior of with weeds ; the houses filledwith pots, in which may be seen
the skeletons of the plantsthat last autumn
in the fulness
were
their city,one is stillmore
surprisedwhen he gets outside and
of beauty ; and the ruin is complete. Of all his fine collection
the awful destruction that the civil war
sees
has occasioned.
but one
His houses
his
are
plant remains.
greatlyinjured,
None
who
have ever
visited Paris can
forgetthe wonderful
to re-establish the business,and unless
changes wrought under the Empire in the line of boulevards family have no means
obtain
from
Government
the
it
can
some
compensation
and roads that debouche from the Arc de Triomphe, especially they
the collection of
at hand
the charmingAvenue de I'lmperatrice
with its beautiful villas, will be hopeless. In a garden near
Phloxes
has been saved.
Some fine varieties will probably be
neatlylaid-out gardens, and handsome
surroundings. Now on
or
next spring,for,being hardy, they did
all this the " felldogs of war " have been let loose,and, alas ! sent out this autumn
all is changed. Houses
knocked
are
about, trees destroyed,not requirethe care and attention that the house-plantsdid ; and
gardens rooted up, lamp-postsbroken, while in other places lovers of this beautiful flower may help the widow by ordering
collections of these novelties,
which I saw some
really
the desolation is complete. Go down to the Porte Maillot,or
among
fine things. I would gladlytransmit such orders.
rather where the Porte Maillot was, and you see
of
one
mass
such destruction as this inflicted
Cue
look round
on
cannot
ruins. Of the railwaystation at Auteuil not a stone remains.
and loved peace, without feeling
who hated war
on
men
If one wants to see what the modern
implements of war can do,
of such a wanton
and
strongly the terrible wickedness
let him turn aside into the Avenue de Eenil,and
go into the
I shall in another paper detail
as this last.
unprovoked war
garden of what was No. 50 in the Avenue.
There is literally
the
what
I
the
southern
of
at
more
saw
portion
suburbs, at
not one
stone left upon
another ; there is not a tree in the
"o.
Truly in the language of the Hebrew prophet,
garden that has not been cut off by tha " obus
from Valerien ; Bourg-la-Eeine,
"
the
land
desolate."
laid
have
pleasant
D., Deal,
they
there is not one
in which
balls or pieces of
see
you cannot
shell,while whole pilesof them are to be found in different
parts: yet this was evidently
a
prettyvilla with a well-tended
SPRING
AND
RESULTS
OF
THIS
YEAR'S
garden. What did the proprietorthink when he returned to
SUMMER.
his favourite residence ? and what would
you think, my good
of your readers
It would, I think, be interestingif some
reader,if your prettyvilla had shared a similar fate ? It was
It has
a melancholy
sight,and yet withal it spake something of the were to give us their experiencesduring this season.
been
t
hat
v
alue
character of the owner
must attach
so unpreoedentedlyvicious,
especial
that,amidst all this ruin, his men
were
at work clearingaway, and had planted out a bed or two of
to all plantsthat have done well through it. We ought to have
teresting
which were
Pelargoniums,
shedding a trifleof gaietyon the notes from England, Ireland,and Scotland,as it would be in"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

desolate scene.
How well known

in each locality.
the efiects of the season
to know
I write from the north centre of Ireland. During the early
to all visitors to Paris was the Bois de Boulogne,
that dear resort of all who could aiiord a fiacre or boast a
had
we
a
long, cruel,binding drought,
part of the season
trap I When the Prussians surrounded the cityallthat portion scorching sun, bitter east wind, and hard
very hard frosts
of the Bois which was
I
had
terrible
work
in keeping alive a largeplantation
close to the enciente was
cut down
by every night.
order of General Trochu, and now
Plums
of dwarf
Pears and
this space is all bare ; in
plantedin the middle of
the ground (cold
fact,one can see that the fortifications
March.
as
After this drought there oame
on
a mistake,
were
or, at
least,if theywere to be of any use, that neither trees should ice,be it remembered, with constant frosts)
two months of ia"

September 26, 1871. ]

heavy rain. The

Tricolor and Bicolor

oessant

eousequenoe
Geraniums

HOETIOCLTUEE

OF

JOUENAL

was

that the

more

AND
cate
deli-

perished,and went
back every day. ImpfiratriceEugenie, Crown
Prince, Goldfinder,Bullion,Safrano,and Duke of Edinburgh grew small
reached
the vanishing
and
till
beautifully
less,
they
by degrees
point. The only new varieties I had that did reallywell were
were

ably
Bronze
and Princess Louise ; these I think remarkI never
beautiful.
So, though to a less degree,is Platns.
E. G. Henderson
and
Her
saw
Majestydo so well. They
their
coloured most beautifully,
ances
performaltogethereclipsing
last summer
also, and Kentish
; Beauty of Calderdale,

COTTAGE

GAEDBNEE.

variety.I have a bed now

beautyfor six weeks, and

237

in bloom which ha? been a thing of

yet shows no sign of decrepitude,
while a match bed of Paaony Asters went to smash
entirelyin
the wretched weather we had three weeks ago.
I should like a
centre of Victoria Aster,a broad
band of Abutilon, and an
edging of Iresine Lindeni." Q. Q.
as

Waltham

HYDE
Old

"

"Just a bottled-upsunbeam."
scientific investigators,
but not

till more
all dull with me
Hero were
first-rate. The Tricolors were
the end of August, when
they improved. I find no kinds at confirmed
all

I do
and Sophia Dumaresque.
Lady CuUum
SunPoUoek, Louisa Smith, Sophia Cusaok, or set
soil
and
climate.
this
in
growing, at least not

comparable

not think
worth

to

Mrs.

PARK.

George Stephenson being asked, What

definition

the
"

And
more

is coal ? "

swered,
an-

the researches of
have
men,
practical

truth

have

of the great,original-mindedengineer's
proved that the amount of heat requiredfor
is exactlyproportioned to that which
it will

a plant'sgrowth
or
yield on the combustion
decay of it and its products.
"
The bottled-upsunbeam " is one of the main features of the
system pursued by Mr. Gibson with such grand effects when
he was
the system of planting-outnatives
at Battersea Park

In euoh a
for their bloom.
grown
The
those with stout petals had a chance.
the same
nowhere
much- vaunted Violet Hill was
may
; much
of warmer
climates than our
that they may
both very prettyin a good summer.
own
be said of the two Wilsii's,
grow and
flourish during our
and afford a relief
and autumn,
summer
I had many new kinds on trial this year, and I unhesitatingly
from the excess
of colour which so often renders modern
flower
last year, and give the palm to
endorse Mr. Thomson's
award
nium
gardens painfulto the eye. With the view of securinga greater
It is wonderfullygood. I know no
Vesuvius.
bedding Geraof heat in the ground, the beds intended
amount
for plants
I
the same
surface.
which
bloom
on
gives so much
do not like it,because it does not give from warm
partsof the globeare placed in a sheltered positioni
suspectthe nurserymen
and
the
the
sides
that
of
so
one
or
other
them
sun
out
throughmay warm
enough wood to propagate a great stock quickly; they
the day. A site largerthan the proposed bed is dug out
condemn its colour for not being intense enough. It is a light,
bats
9 inches below the generallevel,
of brickand 18 inches or more
distance on
but a most glowing scarlet,
and lookingfrom some
and round
the sides,which are
are placed at the bottom
with about twenty different kinds on trial in it,you
a bed
with a slope towards
the sun.
Over the brickbats turf
could pick out Vesuvius as the most
brilliant spot by far. made
is laid grass-sidedownwards
at the bottom, the compost is
Omega does not bloom so freely. Charley Casbon is not so
filled
the
and
outsides
covered
with
a thin layer of soil
in,
easily
good a flower,and is looser in its truss,and more
it is conceived that a considerable
knocked
about.
Memnon
is,I think,very good indeed,and a and turf. By these means
of heat is stored up in the brickbats and soil of the
I think very highly amount
useful colour ; so is G^ant
des Batailles.
of the colour of Claude
days,and that this accumulated heat prevents
Lorraine, a very purplishshade of beds during warm
the soil becoming so much
cooled at night and during cold
of the petals,but
crimson, with a flush of vermilion on some
weather
it
would
otherwise be. Good drainage is likewise
as
I daresay
In a dry season
it goes too much
to leaf and wood.
it would do much better,or perhaps if sunk in its pot. Jean
secured,and on the advantages of this in preventingthe soil

Now

season

about

Geraniums

but

none

"

SisleyI have not, and I have only seen it as a very small becoming soured,and the roots inactive from stagnantwater,
it is unnecessary
but I
to dwell.
It has a high character,
Moreover, good drainage of itself
plant fresh from the nursery.
as it enables the
should fancy that it resembles CharleyCasbon in the flaooiditycontributes to an increase of heat in the soil,
to pass downwards, as well as the heated
rains of summer
of its petals.
warm
But
all
there
be
little
air.
from
can
be kind enough to giveus a comfortable
Will Mr. Thomson
question that
this,
apart
and even
article from Drumlanrig, and tell us his experiences of the
plants from regions bordering on the tropics,
many
is his last as well as his first love ? within
them, will live out of doors in this country. Many
year, and whether Vesuvius
Double Geraniums
whatever here as bedders, Australian
plants, for instance,would be killed in a New
are of no use
Holland
house if the temperature fell below freezing,
and BO I pass on to other things.
although
in
their
In Tom
Thumb
able
invaluown
an
country they are often exposed to slightfrosts.
Ageratum we have a treasure
This
be
less
accounted
their
for
I
to
have
nest
growths
being
by
colour,low-growing,earlyblowing.
hope
may
fectly
perbeds of Vesuvius edged with this. Imperial
ripened under artificial conditions than they are under
year two match
"

Blue

Pansy has

last year,

not

done

so

well with

me

this

season

as

it did

suspect there is something in its bed that it does

not like. Still,
and began its work in
as it is in fair blow now,
it
must
be acknowledged as first-rate.
March,
I think

through the

never
season.

saw

Iresine

Herbstii

Iresine Lindeui

such
has

good colour
done

also

all

well.
exists.

conditions
all know
liable the
how much
we
more
hardy in Britain,are to
gross, succulent shoots of plants,even
than those which are firm and well ripened,
be injuredby frost,
if there be any excess
The term subtropical,
of moisture.
especially
than that
however, has acquireda wider signification
which confines it to plants from the warm
parts of the earth ;
natural

"

used it may be said to include plants hardy and

for as now
do with me;
it merely
themselves
by their beauty
placesfifteen miles further north, plantsnot hardy which recommend
of
where there are beautiful beds of it this year
foliage,picturesque habit of growth, and distinctness of
beautiful,
such
in
hue
other
Still
it
has
character.
With
not
to
employed fine effects
plantsjudiciously
equal
though
years.
grown
there,while with me, in a sunny situation,it is have been produced in the publicgardens of Paris,at Battersea
luxuriantly
Stunted and brown.
Park, and in other places,and the system was introduced a
I excessively
admire
Abutilon
Thompsoni,but I wish some
year or two ago into Hyde Park to a limited extent, this year
to a greaterextent,and in future years, when the preparations
who has used it extensively
one
and successfully
would tell the
exact way to manage
it,as it is apt to be scraggy. It has a shall have been made, we may look forward to its acquiring,
vein of delicacyin it,and requiresa genialsituation.
with the increased scope, a greaterdevelopment and a higher
By far the best bedding-out in this part of the country is at degree of perfectionthan it has hitherto done.
In giving an
account of the most noticeable features of the
Loughcrew, the seat of Mr. Naper, where, in spite of a very
lies
cold climate,the genius of Mr. Burns, the very clever gardener, subtropicalportion of Hyde Park
that portionwhich
the Drive,parallel
between
to the Great Western
Eoad, and an
produces wonders.
Well, there are two beds there,each with
shall
Eow
at
commence
of Abutilon edged with Lord Palmerstou
line
north
of
Eotten
a centre
Geranium.
we
imaginary
These beds are not 6 yards from each other,and yet in one
the Albert Gate end of the Drive.
Here we find on the western
bed, and that one, too, which received by far the strongest side of the ground, and extending towards Eotten Eow, a series
of
of circles,about 4 feet in diameter,variouslyfilled,
than
some
plants at bedding-outtime, the Abutilon is scarcelymore
them
half the size it attains in the other,simply because it is not
consistingof beautiful cushions of Alternanthera
magAntennaria
well
sheltered
the
other
with
minute
tomenfrom
north-east.
time
the
Some
quite so
nifica,
edged
silvery-leaved
I should like,if you allow me
into detail tosa or Sempervivums, others of golden-leavedPelargoniums
space, to enter more
about the gardens at Loughcrew.
[You shall have all the CrystalPalace Gem and EobertFish, edged with Alternanthera
secunda
magnifica and margined with Echeveria
glauca and
Eds.]
space you need.
I must, before I conclude,say that I find no Aster so satisbetween E. metallica andE. glauca
a hybrid
factory E. glauco-metallica,
dwarfer
than
the
a bedder
as the Victoria. It has so strongand vigorous
former, having the glaucous colour of the
in its outline.
a stem, that it resists rain and wind better than any other
latter,and in many cases varyingconsiderably

Coleus Verschaffelti will not

This

is

curious,for I know

"

"

"

"

JOUENAL

23S

At

the

OF

HORTICULTURE

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

[ September 28,1871.

back

of these beds are others of larger size,kidney- Solannms, of Erythrinacrista-galli,

and of the scarlet-flowered
dendrons. Canna
some
Van
eoroll-like,
variouslyfilled,
containingRhodoHouttei, with the dwarfer bronze-leaved Canna
One of the most striking
consists of Canna Biborelli, expansa
the edge of Golden
nearer
Fleece Geraniums, with a
a bold-leaved sort with orange-redflowers,
and Canna
discolor, margin of Euonymus radicans variegatus.Passing on we come
with
and
with
a
Beet
carpeted
dark-leaved
Coleus,
edged
with Cyperus
Warscewiczioides,
; to a pleasingcircle of Solanum
another pleasingbed is of Coleus Versohaffelti,
intermixed with
alternifolius as a carpeting,
and at the back of it a largeshrubbery
Centaurea candidissima,
diversified with Tritomas,Acacias,and Abntilons ; then
edged with the golden-variegated
form
of Euonymus japonious,and margined with Echeveria eecunda
to a circle of Cannas ; and, reachingthe corner
of the footpath
glauca.
find a half- moon
of Wigandia caracassana, than which no
we
back
and
Turning
making a fresh start eastwards along plant used in subtropicalgardening is productive of a more
now,
the Drive,we find a series of small circles round
standards of superb effect,
noble in habit,and its leaves like the richest
Eobinia
inermis, similar to those just described,and for the fabrics of the loom.
Like crimson-clad
soldiers in line stands
most
filled ; and further back a number
part similarly
of vaof Chilian Beet, the leaf-stalks as well as the blades of
a row
riously-shapenbeds. In the interveningspaces are plunged, which are beautifully
the other
coloured,the one most brilliant,
care
being taken to secure
A bed of Solanum marample drainage by a bottoming of of a rich but sombre greenishbronze.
ginatum
or
in
brickbats,
placed
is singularlyeffective by its silvery
"o.,
tubs.Palms, Bananas, Dracfenas,
foliage
; in fact,
and other ornamental-leaved
The
finest
of
this
rich
cinnamon
these
and
S.
of
plants.
are
a
colour,are two of
robustum,
Chamaaropsescelsa,
Fortunei,and humilis ; Latania borbonica, the most effective of the genus
indeed,of subtropicals.
Among
Monstera delieiosa; noble specimens of Seaforthia elegansand
other beds here are one
of Eucalyptus globulus,another
of
robnsta, two of the most beautiful Palms that occur
in the
Van
the gracefulYucca
Houttei,
recurva; others of Cannas
whole arrangement, or, in fact,that could be employed ; Phrebers
limbata,Chatei,and expansa ; Castor-oil Plants ; Indian-rubnix dactylifera,
P. reclinata,
the VariegatedNew
Zealand
Flax
esculentum,Aralia papyri; Polymnia grandis,Caladium
of our
best exhibition specimens,many
quite equal to some
and
Aralia
fera,
Sieboldii,variouslycarpeted, chieflywith
fine plants of Draoasna
indivisa,and two or three speciColeuses,edged with golden-leavedplants,and margined with
mens
of the magnificent AbyssinianBanana, Musa
Ensete.
these
Eeheverias and other succulents.
As prominent among
The last-named are
all that can
be desired as regards yellow-leaved
edging plants must be mentioned
Mesembryanbut
the
growth,
leaves are much
torn by the wind, showing themum
cordifolinm
variegatum, which here as elsewhere in
its unsuitability
for all but the most
the bedding-out has been used with the happiest effect,
sheltered positions,
and
and
there it has a grand effect. Kindred
recommended
which
be
from the varietyof situations
plants to this in appearcan
safely
ance,
under trees, in sun, and in shade
though not In size,are Musa
superba and Strelitzia in which it is to be seen
angusta,which have their foliageuninjuredby wind.
desirable plant where a dwarf cream
a most
as
yellow edging
Among

shaped

or

"

"

"

the

beds at the back the most

noticeable

are

one

of Caladinm

escnlentum,carpetedwith Tr adescantia zebrina,and edged with

the prettily
blotched Farfugium grande ; then an arrangement
in which

two heart-shaped
beds with Dracasna
indivisa in
the centre, surrounded
with Alternanthera amoena, dotted alternately
with Sedum
Fabaria,edged with Golden Feather Pyrethrum, and margined with Eoheneria secunda glauca. These
beds, and others like them, are the perfectionof horticultural
mosaic work.
So even
in height,so brilliant in colour,and
to conceive how they were
yet so chaste,it is difficult
produced.
We know the Alternanthera
is dwarf,but we
know
the Sedum
is not so dwarf
but Mr. Gibson
informed
that he struck
us
the ends of the flowering
shoots of the Sedam, which was easily
and thus produced a nondescriptplant and an effect
effected,
which
be too much
cannot
praised. Mr. Gibson makes no
are

"

secret of the

which

he adopted" he would

not resort to
"
the means
a dodge," but
used to secure
the end may
be
worth knowing, and imitated extensively
with the best results.
between
the two be3s just alluded to is one
Intervening
of
Begonias,carpeted with Tradescantia
zebrina,edged with a
bronze-leaved Pelargonium, and margined with Mesembrymeans

is desired.
in which there is
At the east end of the Serpentineis a dell,
dodendrons,
a mixed
collection of plants Tritomas,Cannas, Yuccas, Rhothe
and
bank
of shrubbery
near
a
water,
"c.,
The whole is neatlyarranged,and it
risingto the road above.
is worthy of note that in the valley,
with its roots almost in the
"

Sieboldi has stood the last two winters without

leaf. The positionis by no means
sheltered,
being
the
full sweep of the east winds, though the plant
exposed
is a little screened from their force by being in a hollow ; yet
the water would be in the last degreeunits low positionnear
favourable
frosts with which we in the valley
to itin those severe
and the only conclusion to
of the Thames
often visited,
are
so
water, Aralia
the loss of

to

be arrived at,is that Aralia Sieboldi (like

the Aucuba
japonica,
first introduced,
and is
which was grown in a greenhouse when
is much
of our
hardiest shrubs),
known
to be one
more
now
hardy than is generallysupposed.
We will now
the Park to Stanhope Gate, between which
cross
and the Marble Arch there is a long series of beds filled with
for their leaf-colouring.
floweringplantsand those remarkable
This portionof the Park, though considerablyshaded by great

anthemum
linguum, a thick,fleshy-leavedspecieswith large Plane trees,is simply a largeflower garden,with the turf closeyellow flowers. The next arrangement i" four half-moon beds
shaven, like so much velvet,and of the brightestgreen. That
of Purple King Verbena, Golden
due to the
and Bronze
PeUrgoniums, there are no brown patches is in a great measure
circle
that
of
surrounding a
Grass
use
of the economical
pretty little ornamental
watering-hoseon wheels, which, on being
affords
without
further
Dactylisglomeratavariegata,
with
labour
connected
with
the
Eeheverias. Then we
edged
supply pipe,
come
to a fine heart-shapedbed of Eucalyptus globulus,Indiaefficient than could be given by hand.
a watering much
more
the scattered fragments
rubber,and Musa superba,carpetedwith Coleus Verschaffelti,
Not a fallen leaf could we see, not even
odds
edged with Salvia argentea, and margined with Echeveria of paper, the remains of fusee-boxes, and the numerous
metallioa.
At the opposite end are two more
our
publicplaces;
heart-shaped and ends which are so often left to disfigure
which
of
consists
Iresine
the
of
and
neat
in
best
beds, one
as
as
is as clean
Herbstii in excellent no, everything
private
condition,with the pretty and useful white-edged
Proceeding
Euonymus gardens to which the multitude have not access.
radicans
variegatusas an edging ; and in another plants of from Stanhope Gate towards the Marble Arch, all the beds on
Musa
the right-handside are edged with Golden Feather Pyrethrum,
beds here
Buporba are plunged. Some Rhododendron
are
interspersedwith Acacia lophantha and Aralia papyritera, and margined with the silveryCerastium
tomentosum, while
which serve to relieve the outline of the Rhododendrons
the circles on
the left are
while
edged with Iresine Lindeni,one of
not in flower.
The
next arrangement is four demi-lunes
much
coloured
the
finest
more
of our new
of
beddingplants,
richly
dwarf bronze-leaved
than I. Herbstii,
and standing the weather well,the outer ring
Geraniums, interspersed with Viola corsecunda
or
nuta,having for its centre a circle of Fuchsias panelledwith
glauca.
margin being neat rosettes of Echeveria
dark and lightkinds alternately.These are surrounded
The long beds on the same
side are edged with Iresine Lindeni,
with
Iresine Lindeni,which is everywhere very effective,
gata
with a margin of blue Lobelias and Dactylisglomeratavarieedged with
Golden Feather Pyrethrum, and margined on the ramp of the
planted alternately.The beds in this part are chiefly
bed with Echeveria
the
latter
the
best
of
secunda glauca.
of
Calceolarias
and
masses
Pelargoniums,
We now
turn westward
along the north side of Rotten Row, being Amy Hogg, Cybister,Chieftain,Mrs. Laing, Vuloan,
findingplunged on our way fine specimens of Draca"na indivisa. Lord Palmerston, and Waltham
Seedling. The last-named
One of the firstand most striking
and
beds we come
to is Caladium
profusion,
produces its dark crimson flowers in the greatest
of the very best.
esculentum, carpeted with Coleus nigricans,and edged with
in this respectis evidentlyone
Forget-mecellent,
ExCentaurea aeanthifolia,
of
bloom.
is
with leaves beautifullycut.
At the
not,deeper in colour than Christine, scanty
back of this is a largebed of Ferdinanda
is good.
The
only Calceolaria employed is
eminens, one of the
scarlet,
most
noble of the plants used in subtropicalarrangements
wherever
it is met wilh, forms dense
; Gaines's Dwarf, and this,
and adjoining
here at least,to be
this are beds of Castor-oilPlants,carpetedwith masses
of golden blossom, provingitself,

September 28,1871.]

OF

JOURNAL

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COTTAGE

239

GAEDENEK.

of tlie most effectivevarietiesthat can be grown for bedding Centaurea

candidissima,and edgedwith Golden Feather Pyrethrum.
one
Next we come
to a series of circular and oblong beds
One arrangement on the left consists in the first
purposes.
with rounded
ends.
In these Coleus Verschaffelti and Centaurea
of the golden-leaved
bed of Culford Rose in the centre,
triangles
effect. An oblong of Pelargonium
introduced with splendid
are
CrystalPalace Gem at each end, and the spaces at each side of
Ariosto
with Verbena
Mrs. Pollock,which, however, is here by no
means
Qaeen of Queens, intermixed
bright in
ling
Seeditsleaf-oolours. The next oblong consists of the silver-variegated
Improved is very good ; so are several beds of Waltham
Palace
Gam.
and
Golden
of
intermixed
with
an
Fleece,
Crystal
Pelargonium,
"Queen
Queens
Parple King Verbena,
Arch we pass several large and
the
Before arrivingat the Marble
The third oblong is the same
effectivecombination.
as
small circles. These are very neatlyplantedwith Pelargoniums
"rst, and the fourth the same
as the second.
the oblongs surrounded with Lobelias,alternatingwith Alyssum variegato a splendid series of beds,in which
We now
tum,
come
and an outer ring of Iresine Lindeni.
the rightare filledwith Pelargoniuma, mostly of the
Finally,we have
on
in
taurea
Cencentred
with
Coleus
Verschaffelti
set
kinds already named; Giines's Dwarf
Calceolaria,
Heliotrope a figare-8bed
proved
Miss Nightingale,
a very
edged with blue Lobelia, with a margin of Iresine
kind, and Ariosto Imfree-flowering
is the small circle of
This bed is very telling,
so
Verbena, interspersedwith Pelargonium Annie, silver Lindeni.
edged. The whole of these beds are edged with Purple King Ver- Pelargonium Excellent,at the end next the Marble Arch.
scribe
The last part of the bedding which we shall attempt to deIt is,however, on the
and margined with Iresine Lindeni.
fcena,
is that respecting
vantage
and we can
other side of the walk that the bedding is seen to the best adonly attempt to do so
"

"

which three young ladies wrote to us a fortnightago, saying

it is superb,and a triumphant example of what may
alone without
he done by the use of plantswith coloured foliage
they had heard it was the smartest pieceof bedding anywhere
"
the aid of flowers.
The circles are
filled with Alternanthera
to be seen.
When you get to this place you must take out
'
Journal
sketch
a crayon
"aaagnifioa,
edged with Iresioe Lindeni,and margined with Semyour note-book and give us in our
These are very fine,but much
We are very sorry to disoblige
more
of the semicircular bed, "c."
pervivum oalifornioum.
took out our notebook
the five oblongs with rounded
ends ; three filled with
and especially
so we
so are
young ladies,
any ladies,
"Coleus Verschaffelti,
and made
of rich brownish
a pencilsketch of the arrangement while the
presenting a broad mass
ladies
like
outside
of
which
is
line
of
the
Centaurea
shades
of
on
a
that,"
crimson,
drawing
silvery-leaved
evening were
("Young
but
Feather Pyrethrum, and a
said one of the Editors with a nod and twinkle in his eye),
iiandidissima, an edging of Golden
and he therefore
it was
not to the sketcher's satisfaction,
margin of Echeveria seounda glauca. The two intermediate
"beds consist of the prettygold-mottledAbutilon
Thompson!, wished to be excused from making a public display of his
whilst confessingthe necessityof a drawing to
beneath which is a carpetingof Coleus nigricans.
artistictalents,
The next combination
consists of heart-shapedbeds at each
give an adequate idea of the arrangement ; whereupon he grew
Iresine
Lindeni
used
in
the
and
thera
Alternannot quiteperfect there
"nd,
one
case
being
sour, and declared that the group was
in the balancing,but the effect as a
to- was
some
magnificain the other,the edging being Antenuaria
irregularity
and that the superb beds of Alternanand
mentosa
whole was very beautiful,
Mesembryanthemum
lingnum, a grass-green,
The
chaste.
far more
The oblongs are filled theras and Coleus by Park Lane
succulent.
were
:ileshy-leaved,
yellow-flowered
with silver-leaved Pelargoniums and blue Lobelias intermixed ; bedding here referred to is that at " the Temple," the house
aide lives. In
with Parple King Verbena
and Qaeen of Queens or Hendersoni
where Mr. Chamberlain, Mr. Gibson's esteemed
and Mrs. Pollock
are
front of this there is a horseshoe bed, the ends of which
Pelargoniums
; with Ariosto Improved Verbena
cut off from the rest by
"Geranium, or Beauty of Oultou ; with HeliotropeMiss Nightingale, planted with a greatvarietyof subjects,
which is also extended along
Gaines's Dwarf Calceolaria,
"c.
a band of Alternanthera magnifica,
The next series of beds extends from Mount
Street to Grosthe middle
of the horseshoe,meeting at intervals circles of
Gate.
The edgingsof those on the rightconsist of Blue
Tenor
Centaurea, whilst segments of circles on each side of the middle
Alternanthera
amcena
Lobelias, the margin being alternate plants of Viola lutea band are filledwith the brighter-coloured
form of Dactylis and A. versicolor. The
and the pretty white-variegated
same
"grandiflora
arrangement is continued all
secunda
with
left
Echeveria
On
the
Verbena
and
Alternanthera
is
and
the
whole
"glomerata.
Purple King
margined
round,
magnifica are used, the latter not strongenough to be apparent glauca.Two heart-shapedbeds near the centre of the horseshoe
"

'

"

planted with Pelargoniums Mrs. Pollock and Variegated

Stella,edged with Alternanthera magnifica,and bordered with
each side of
on
appearance,
Sempervivum californicum ; two more, one
attributable
these, consist of silver variegatedPelargoniums and blue
thera
the productionof leaves than of flowers. In this group there
Lobelias intermixed, and Mrs. Pollock,edged with Alternanlineffective beds of Pelargoniums Duchess
of Sutherland,
are
versicolor and margined with Mesembryanthemum
schaffelti,
In the circles the materials used consist of Coleus VerTjucius, Madame
Vaueher, Madame
Kadersdorff, Beaton's
guum.
Indian Yellow,Mrs. Laing, Dr. Lindley, an excellent variety
Centaurea
candidissima, Bronze Pelargoniums, Alboth for beds and pot culture.Golden Fleece, CrystalPalace
mum
ternantheraa. Golden-feathered Pyrethrum,Mesembryantheand
intermixed
with
Viola
lock.
Gem
cordifolium
Luna,
variegatum,Iresine Lindeni, Sempervivum
cornuta, and Mrs. Polthe beds are
Gold is the prevailing
Between
colour in this arrangement.
metallica.
Echeveria
We
and
californicum,
to a mixed bed, the arrangement of which is so comBOW
come
plicated plunged plants of Masa
superba, the Bird's-nest Fern, Chato bafiJe descriptionwithout
a
as
diagram, but very masrops, Caryota,and next the walk Acacias,
The bedding-outat Kensington Palace is also most eflfieiently
pleasingin its effect. Its principalcomponents are Palm Grass,
"the hoary-leaved Solanum
of the beds being less shaded, afford
marginatum, and DracEenas, the carried out, and many
bryanthemumeven
those in the Park.
a better floral displaythan
ground beneath being carpeted with Alternautheras,Mesemcordifolium
in his firstfew
and
Iresine
that Mr. Gibson, even
will
thus
be
variegatum,
It
Lindeni,
seen
with an edging of blue Lobelias,and an outer line of alternate
months
of management, has done great things in improving
attractive London's
plants of Dactylisglomerata variegataand Viola lutea. Two
and rendering more
greatestpark ; but we
heart-shaped beds of Alternanthera versicolor on the opposite expect from him greater things in the future, when the means
side of the walk are
edged with a pretty little green-leaved shall have been afforded to make the necessary preparations.
unknown
drons,
Tbyme, name
The London
; and after passing abed of Rhododenparks are the propertyof the rich and the poor ;
and lightand dark Fuchsias,we come
heartjoyment
ento two more
and the other they are capableof yieldingmuch
to the one
of
ishapedbeds of Alternanthera magnifica,surrounded with Echeveria
and
instruction,and by neither is the amount
secunda
when the London
glauca. In this section of the bedding-out. damage done worthy of consideration,
save
Pelargonium Rev. J. Dix, deep scarlet,
Lucius, before noticed, " rough " has a " demonstration."
and Chieftain,
are
good. There are also some
conspicuously
above

the rich

marginal line of Golden Feather Pyrethrum.

the righthas also a rather rough
on
though blooming freely a drawback, no doubt
to the season
favourable to
being so much
more

are

Viola
"The yellow-flowered

"

beautiful beds of Alternautheras which are much admired.

The
last division to be noticed in this part of the Park i
-thatextending from Grosvenor Gate to the Marble Arch.
The
"firstcombination
is one of three beds
namely, a long parallel
with a circle near
each end.
This has a very
ogram
good
effect. The circles are filled,
of them
with Mrs. Pollock
one
other
the
with
Palace
surrounded
Pelargonium,
Gem,
Crystal
with a line of Iresine Lindeni, and outside of this is Echeveria
secunda
glauca. The parallelogramis chiefiyoccupied
with Coleus Verschaffelti richlycoloured,set in a bordering
of
"

PLUMBAGO

CAPENSIS

CULTURE.

of culture which I adopt. Having

The followingis the mode
when it
received a plant of Plumbago eapensisin January last,
than 6 inches in height,
in a 4-ineh pot, and little more
was
latter
-inch
and
in
the
in March
I shifted it into a 5 i
pot,
part
of May I gave it a second shift into a 7i-inchpot, as by that
of the
time it had made
good growth. In Jane I cut some
leadina shoots, for the firstand last time using the knife. The
in flower,and has been so
plant is 2 feet in height,is now

JOURNAL

240

HOETICULTUBB

OF

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COTTAGE

[ September 28, 1871.

GAEDENER.

It has thirty-twotrnsaes of splendid Skerry Blue, and Headly's Seedling very highly. Amongst
for the past three weeks.
Potatoes
flowers.
All the time it has been kept in a cool greenhouse. round
Dalmahoy, Wood's Scarlet Prolific,ImprovedThe compost I used was
thrpe parts fresh loam, and one part Regent, Eirly Coldstream,York Regent, and Early Oxford are
and silver sand, as the plant good ; others seemed
from their appearance
and weight
to me
leaf mould, adding a littlemanure
as
be allowed to get too dry.
is a gross feeder.
It should never
likelyto be valuable,such as Golden Zone, a round cleanand
Snowball.
There
doubtless
and
looking Potato,
J. N., Ennis.
may be,
often
are
are others that are good,but in the Potato appearances
and it is not until the tubers are cooked that their merits
deceitful,
OF POTATOES
SUTTON'S
COLLECTION
MESSRS.
be determined
It is,however, a satisfaction to see the
can
on.
AT
KENSINGTON.
Potatoes that are brought before the public; and the eminent
The
interest that is felt in the cultivation and varietiesof firm whose collection I have thus
passed in review well
briefly
this useful root was evidenced by the collections which were
deserved the specialcertificate awarded them, in thus enabling
put up at the Royal Horticultural Society'sMeeting on the the frequentersat the Royal Horticultural Society'smeetings
20th inst. Pour
good collections were
staged. Mr. Fenn's
to see so largea number
brought together. D., Deal.
remarkable
the product of years of unceasing energy
was
as
and skill in cross-breeding
and cultivation ; Messrs. Lee's was
fine example of good growth ; Mr. Dean's
also contained
a
HOUSES.
THE
PROPER
ORCHARD
WIDTH
OF
fine specimens of culture ; while that of Messrs. Sutton,
some
cussion.
disThis is a subjectwhich
in my
opinion requiressome
for the
of Reading, of which I would now
write,was remarkable
width of
I am
about to speak of the maximum
now
of varieties staged. They call for no
large number
special
selected
for
span-roofedhouses ; in short,the best width to be
remark
to size and appearance.
as
They had evidentlynot
largespan-roofs. The house at Chiswick is 30 feet wide ; this
field
been grown for exhibition,
of
the
an
were
samples
average
givesgood growth but not high-flavouredfruit. There are now
excellent opportunity of seeing
an
crop, but they gave one
houses
of this width, seemingly built after Mr.
numerous
of the many
varieties which
some
now
puzzle cultivators quite Foster's
plans for Mr. Pearson, of Nottingham; now, as a
the
much
florists' flowers. The
collection contained
as
as
the low
rule no houses of this width give fruit of fine flavour,
followingvarieties,
they comprised three divisions viz.,new
ventilation is too weak, so that the trees at a little distance
varieties sent out in 1871, American
Potatoes,and a general from the sides
look
and
fine
fruit
to
at, but
give good growth
collection.
generallyfailingin flavour. I know this from much experience,
Of the firstdivision there were
Mammoth
Giant
White
1,
; and
often reminded
of Mr. Bewley, of Black Rock, Dublin,
am
2, Giant Rpd Mammoth
Kidney ; 4, Erdington one of the first to
; 3, Canadian
trees,and he grew them
grow orchard-house
Kidney; 6,Early Bed; 7, Red Fluke; well in what he called " hovels
Monarch; 5, Ramston
I never
small orchard houses
8, Golden Zone; and 9, Nuneaton
Seedling. The last two
finer Peaches
in pots. Well, he thought of leaving his
saw
seemed
from appearance
to be good Potatoes in their respective
built
a house
teacher,Mr. Rivers,far behind, and accordingly
classes,but as I have ever maintained, one can never
40 feet wide, which his teacher told him would not do, as the
from
judge
appearances.
ventilation was
not enough. After some
experiencethis proved
second
The
division contained the followingAmerican
quitecorrect,as the Peach trees gave fruit of inferior flavour,
"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

varieties:
10.

"

Early Goodrich

14. Peacli Blossom

11. Bresee's Prolific

15. Early Rose

16. Peerless

12. Pranse Seedling

13. Pink-eyed
Eusty Coat

17.

King of the Earlies

Most

of these I have myself grown, many

of them
are
good
the flavour of a
croppers ; and if people do not study much
or
Potato,or like them, not au naturel,but mashed
fried,they
avoid
but in a small garden and for generaluse
may answer,
them.
Besides these there were
Eed-skinned
Flourball,sent
out by Messrs. Satton in 1870, and samples of some
which had
been sent out as such by other firms,and certainly
bearingvery
little likeness to the real Simon
Pare.
My opinion of this
Potato has not changed. For baking purposes it is admirable,
but it is too large for steaming,and not of sufficiently
good

quality.
The

third division contained

IS. Bovinia
19. Red Regent
20.

Early Shaw Improved

21. King of Potatoes
22. Royal Ashlea f
23. Drumrannd'R
ProHfie

"

42.

EarIy,Ox"ora

43. Red
Farmer's
Glory
44. Paterson's Field White
45. Paterson's Red Kidney

46. Early Coldstream

.Fox's

Seedlinf^

24. Wood's Scarlet Prolific

25. EarlyEmperor
26. Prince of Wales
27. Dalmahoy
28. Dawe's Matchless

48. Sutton's

30.

Early Giant King

Improved White Rock
31. Walker's ImprovedRegent

53. Lapstone
54. Paterson's

32. Paterson's Scarlet Blue

55.
56.

29.

33.

Haigh'sKidney

34.

Scarlet King

EarlyRacehorse

49. Wellington
50. Paterson's Regent
51. SkerryBlue
52. York

Regent
(true)
Albert

Headley's Seedling
Early Walnut Leaf
Fluke
Belfiian

57.
58. RedAshlea

35. Paterson's Victoria

36. Snowball
37. Flourball

59. Negro (black

flesh)
60. Paterson's Perfection
61. Paterson's Early White

38. Fortyfold
39. Hyatt's
Ashleaf
40. Fluke
41. Milky White

62. Oxfordshire Kidney

63. EarlyAshleaf
64. Fir
Apple Potato

and the house was

other purpose.
turned to some
The span-roofedhouses, each 100 feet long and 24 feet wide,
at Sawbridgeworth, have never
yet failed in givingfruit of the
finest flavour. They are ventilated with shutters 20 inches wide,
thelower part of the aperturebeing
on
hingesopening downwards
20 inches from the surface of the soil. The roof is fixed,without
any apertures in it,but at each end justunder the gable is an
obtuse triangular
space about 9 inches in depth, and 22 inches
,

wide, for the emission of the heated air. These are unglazed
and always open. Nothing can
be more
perfectthan this simple
mode
of building,the only fault is a want of height. They are
12 feet in height to the centre of the ridge; they should be
15 feet (asrecentlyadvised by Mr. Rivers),
for the largestandard
trees now
touch the glass,and although they bear quantities
of fruit,they annually require severe
pinching and winterpruning. I may remark, that it is curious to observe these
fine standards
the
calcareous
in
clay over which the
growing
orchard houses are built. The soil is like a well-trodden path,
and is never
stirred,neither are the trees watered,stillit is
evident that the abundance
of water given to the trees in pots
in fine and
them
is sufiioientto keep them
standing near
vigoroushealth.
of these simply
It will,
I think,be seen from my description
and cheaply-built
houses without ornamentation, that thorough
low side ventilation is the most perfectof all; and although in a
house 30 feet wide it may remedy the detect of too much
width,
to doubt it
of good flavour,I have reason
so as to give Peaches
adhere
inclined
to
to
from all that I have experienced,and am
the width so thoroughlycarried out in the houses at Sawbridgeworth
viz.,24 feet,which, as I well know, produces the finestflavoured and largestPeaches I have ever
eaten,besides which
the trees are such picturesof health and vigour.
of your correspondents
It would
be interestingto hear from
some
as to their experiencein tbe width of orchard houses,
"

far as mine
rather advise 20 feet than
goes, I should
There is another point on which
30 feet as the width of them.
I should like to hear the opinions of others,and that is the
universal at
Almost
(very unbroken
roofs of span-roofed houses.
curious)
Sawbridgeworth, this is not, as a rule, followed elsewhere,
Some
of these sorts are well known
and bear highcharacters, and hence
much
is incurred,most persons fearing
expense
are
unknown
before
idle fear,as I think I can
some
I have never
seen
to fame, and many
prove by
a lack of ventilation"-an
to my
that Royal Ashleaf, statingthe cause
of the thorough ventilation of those entireI know
tasted.
knowledge, nor
the air is rapidlyrarefied
In sunny weather
Myatt'a Ashleaf,Lapstone, and Haigh's Kidney are good roofed houses.
I know, too, that many
Potatoes.
amongst the kidney-shaped
and ascends to the roof,where the temperature is often 100"
and the cool outer
whose
judgment I highly value esteem
King of Potatoes, and 105". This is comparativelya vacuum,

Dawe's

for,as

Matchless,Paterson's Victoria, Early Racehorse, air,rushing in

from

the

ascends to the rooi

bottom, so rapidly

JOUBNAL

242

OP

AND

HOBTICOIiTUBE

COITAGE

GAEDENEB.

I September 23, 1871.

larva throws itself into a loop,and catchinghold of the walls

then releasingthe tail and
of the cell with its teeth (jaws?),
throwing another loop,fasteningits tail again as a sucker,and
releasingits head, and so on, by a succession of sommersaults
;
but this to me
seems
impossible." However, the larva does
bottom
the
the
to
its
the
as
of
from
to
question
get
;
escape
it appears that the egg has no
brane,
memshell,or a mere
egg-shell,
which is absorbed by the young larva. In this position
the nurse
wasps supply it with food,vegetableor animal,duly

They will pounce

so markedly as are the hive hees.
they have a fancy
upon bees of all kinds, it is true, whenever
"
This is
for so doing,and take their honey if they can get it.
?"
Well, of a sort,but we do not expecthighmorality
thieving
to me,
amongst the Vespine tribes. The gardener,as it seems
to inveighagainstwasps
is the individual who has most reason
in
her
drawing-room, or
"more
so than the fashionable lady
the shopman behind his counter ; yet I have not noticed gardeners
bitter againstthe wasp as they are againstothers of
BO
tainlynot

to suit the digestive

comminuted
dition.
conorgans of its immature
full grown the grub or larva of the wasp is plump,
When
numerous
districts wasps
enough to
are
in many
the
head
the
and
interior
rather
beingblack,
houses,
unpleasant-looking,
be troublesome,and they are fond of enteringvineries and hotthrough the transparent skin of the
well as tolerably
as
impartialin their attacks upon ripe exhibitingitself partially
closes
finished
it
the opening of its cell
back.
eating
fruit
Having
mischief
to
much
do
But if they
fruit out of doors.
of a silken pad, and is torpiduntil it emerges
from
it is surelya good deal the fault of the gardener. by means
under cover
the pupa stage a fullyformed male or female wasp, to take its
I can't tell how it is ; other
to me
A friend remarked
once,
share in the duties of the community, which are really
observed
people get back money they have lent, but whenever I do such
faithfulness and regularity.
with commendable
naturallywas, " The
a thing I never
get repaid." The answer
the
other
the
to
intense
tion
satisfacA
friend
day
adverting
was
So it is with regard
remedy is simple" don't lend any more."
he had derived from readingan account of a parasitewhich
is the plan to pursue.
Keep the
to hothouses : prevention
haunts the flea,and whose historyverified the poeticstatement
Tolerate no broken nor
wasps out, and they cannot do harm.
the subject,which he had always hitherto felt rather
sarily
necesare
upon
even
badly cracked panes, and when the windows
It was
such a comfort, he observed, to
incredulous
about.
with nettingto exclude uninvited visitors.
open cover
flea was
ingly
believe
that when
a
nipping your leg it was exceedSome confusion of ideas will be found even amongst educated
other portionof his extethat
his
or
rior,
some
leg,
We
have two
probable
of the wasp.
people regarding the economy
those who are enealso being operated upon ! Now
mies
was
frequentgardens and
notable British specieswhich particularly
in the fact that it has a parasite,
to the wasp will rejoice
The
of men.
tree wasp
the abodes
(Vespanorwegica,alias
in the name
of Ehipophorns paradoxus,and, it
which rejoices
at least in the south of England.
is less common,
britannica)
multiplyingmore
count is presumed,helps to keep the speciesfrom
acMr. Harding, in " The Entomologist" of 1865, givessome
The
conjecturedhistoryof this parasiteis singular.
rapidly.
of the proceedings of a colony of this specieswhich he
has
devoted
much
F.
Mr.
our
Smith,
great
hymenopterist,
observed near
Deal, in Eent, and I believe other instances of
the observations
communicated
to
attention to it,and from
have been noted of late,but I have
southward
its occurrence
that the eggs are
him by a friend, he maintains
deposited by
this species or its nest since
recollection of having seen
no
the flyin the larva-cells of the wasp, and the larva feeds upon,
nest in this
under
insects have come
my observation. The
kills the nearly adult larva of the
be
or, in fact, in most cases
speciES is attached to a branch, and specimens of it may
Mr. Smith
thinks that
I say in most
cases, because
Eennie thinks that this wasp has a
wasp.
in various museums.
seen
does
this
sometimes
parasite
only partialinjuryto the wasp
parli.uUr likingfor the Silver Fir. The tree wasp is rather
the other
On
grub, which becomes a pupa, though stunted.
largerthan the better-known species; in its habits and modes
hand, Mr. Murray believes that the supposed parasiteonly
with the exceptionnoted
of buildingit is similar to its relative,
which
the young
is bestowed
upon
of the nest.
as
to the locality
Upon this,however, I am not feeds upon the provision
their foster-parents.It is seemingly a weak point in
going to offer any further remarks, confining myselfto the wasps by
that
he
the
Mr. Smith's theory
regards
parasiticlarva
young
common
wasp, Vespa vulgaris.
the successful foe of the adult wasp larva, and it is certainly
as
The nest of this speciesis almost invariablyconstructed in
singularthat it should be able to seize and devour one so much
for the purpose,
the ground. Sometimes
it may be excavated
"
but no
bank
doubt, superiorto itself. Who shall decide when doctors disagree?''"
if
a

their insect enemies.

Just

now

"

presents itself,
tempting spot on
hole already
selects some
the queen
possible,
wasp
which
suit
her
existing
purpose, such as the deserted lair
may
a

whenever

often
are
The survivors of the last season
rat or mouse.
in the sprirg busilyengaged in researches about the hedges
much
and fields. These
are
rows
largerthan the ordinary
they can
females,perhaps four times their bulk ; whether
The inaI
fourfold
virulence
really cannot
say.
Bting with
and the fashion
terial of which the wasp's nest is constructed,
of its cells,
have been often described in books, and on these I
need not comment, but proceedto a few facts less generally
of

seen

known,
Mr.

of those
the proceedings
earefally

Holland, who watched

Cnoullia Yerbasci.
that they are careful to
In some
On a suitable tree queen
soft fibrous texture.
seasons, as shown
by Professor Westwood, a disease
in apiaries,
and which is called foul
seen
settlingin small partiesduring the first like that which occurs
wasps
of the young wasps
ere
they
warm
spring. With their jaws, which are of great brood, destroys a largenumber
have completed their transformations.
ened,
are
thoroughly moistToads, as is proved,
power, they tear off fragments, which
devour
bees
without
worked backwards.
and then rolled into balls. They invariably
hesitation,
yet it is thought they reject
Mcintosh
recommends
Another
thing is curious" namely, that they bring wasps ; still the matter is dubious.
the destruction of all nests in the radius of a mile from gardens
their materials to the spot where they are about to work, and
The positionof the nests must
usuallypile them up in a little heap, waitinguntil a certain where wasps ara troublesome.
quantityhas been accumulated. Great care is taken by the be ascertained by day with caution ; and at dusk you sally
needed from
pression
forth,a deadly purpose in your heart, and with an uneasy exare
wasps, in the successive enlargements which
of face,you fire a squib of gunpowder in the holes, or
time to time, that no earth shall be left in an insecure position,
thrust
therein
a
of
wool
well
with
thickness.
moistened
considerable
of
pad
turpentine.
and the walls are
made
Though
the cells are hexagonal,like those of the bee,they are placed Others recommend
gas tar as eflicacious. It is of greatutility
in
to
secure
the
This may
and
the
mothers
of
ends
not
with
the
spring
race.
coming
ia a reverse
downwards,
position,
open
Some
authors assert that Hoya carAn egg is laid in each,but not at the bottom of be done by a forcepnet.
horizontally.
nosa
the cell ; it is situated at about one-third of the distance from
placedin the vicinityof fruit will draw all the wasps away
from it ; and as a more
available expedientslices of boiled
the base to the top. Now
here is a strange problem. The
easily
have been suggested. I have not seen
these tested.
carrot
the
and
has
not
agility
newly-hatchedlarva,which has no feet,
Our figureexhibits an individual of the Lepidopterousorder
or
which some
apodous larvaa possess, does contrive somehow
other to reach the bottom.
How
namely, the Mullein Shark (CucuUiaYerbasci),the gaily
?" asks Mr. Murray, in one
coloured
the
of which
feed in small partieson
of his contributions to the "Annals
of Natural History." "It
caterpillars
on
Mullein, and^occasionally
cannot
some
fall out of the egg-shell
species of Sorophularia.
to reach it atone stroke,for the
relative
the
We
its
show
sake
of
this,however, only for the
cell is mouth
down and the bottom is at the top it cannot fall

insects in the spring of 1865, observes

select wood

of
may be
days of

"

"

to work
np ; it has,therefore,

upwards.

It is said

by some

the

Aster Shark

a rare insect^
which, though generally
(C.Asteris),

September 28, 1871. ]

JOUENAL

OP

AND

HOBXICULTUBE

COTTAGE

GABDENEE.

243

woods
fonnd attackingChina Asters.
In and near
pyramid. Its fruitis of a deep purple,shaded with brightred.
The
tree sent to us was
the Golden
of this moth
is mostly found
on
than 2 feet high, and two
no
more
caterpillar
it eis Plums, each the size of a large
Bod, and it is often sought for by entomologistsat Darenth
years old. It had on
in Kent, and West Wickham
in Surrey. Some
Wood
Wood
discovered and
were
years ago several of these caterpillars
brought to a friend of mine from a nursery at Norwood, the
proprietorbeing annoyed at the new blightwhich was assailing
his choice flowers. This caterpillar,
marked
which is elegantly
with longitudinallines,
feeds through August and September,
and, enteringthe earth,appears as a moth in Jane. Itis hardly
a species likely
to become
common
enough to do injury.

is at times
the

"

J. B. S. C.

THE

SULTAN

PLUM.

seedlingraised by Messrs. Eivers from the Belle

de Septembre Plum in 186-4. It bids fair to be a valuable
Plum, as it is large,and excellent when cooked. Its
onlinary
This is

isOrleans, 6 inches in circumference,and, like it,its season

August. Its dwarf,pyramidal habit enables it to be planted
in rows
6 feet apart,and 4 feet apart in the rows.

PROTECTORS.

PLANT

RENDLE'S

perfectnovice in gardening,live within four miles of

vice
London, have a small garden, and have no instruction nor adFrom
your reoommendatioQ
except from your columns.
and succeeded very well.
I went in for ground vineries,
since you published
a letter givinga decided
A few months
preferenceto Eendle's earthenware protectorsover the older
sorts, and, wishing to increase my stock,I took the writer's
I

AM

since
frame ever
I have been in trouble with my new
had it. I fancy the brick sides with glass top only
the plantsto draw. The wind blows the groovedbricks
cause
down, and plays havoc with the glass. I follow suit in trying
it
to get at the plants. If I want to move
my protectorI find
she always
rather a tedious job,and my wife wo'n't help me"
and in fact I am bothered ;
takes one end of the wooden frames
advice.
I have

"

but lookingat the long stringof testimonials,and largeorders

after trial from noblemen's
gardeners,I think my misf ortunt S-must be the result of my own
ignoranceand not understanding
directions for fixing. Imagine my surprise,
then, on iinding
admirer of the bricks)
that Mr. Eivers (advertised
as
a special
had to support his trial brick ground vinery with an uiisightly
!" says his man.
wooden
frame
to keep it from blowing down
I hesitate no
longer,but write to ask you to get one of those
"

tectors
gardenerswho have hundreds of feet of the brick pro[videtestimonials)to give me, and no doubt many
of
effects
the
how
he
instructions
others,some
guards against
wind, "c. Of course, I do not suppose that a gardenerplants

head

framesVines under these frames.

If the maker of the wooden
or
had called them Cauliflower,
earlyPea, or salad-protectors,
he would have had his testimonials and
Strawberry-forwarders
has
he
orders for hundreds
of feet ; perhaps he has, though
not advertised them.
Do, Messrs. Editors,give me and my
aclass viz.,office until 6 p.m., and garden 100 feet by 20
small space in
Doings for the Week" to ourselves, and let the
tell me in his first
writer
of these greatguns, of course
one
little
article how
to make
my brick protectoras handy and
liableto damage as my wooden ground vineries.
are
that
the
it
Grapes
I
conceited
is
true
or
By
my
way, am
better
improved),
larger,my Eivers's ground vineries (Eivetfs
?
made
than Mr. Eivers's own
But, then,
and better-looking
in pots have
his double-worked
Marechal
Niel Eoses
yon
would
not
one
them ? A good many
seen
people have not, or
be left at Sawbridgeworth. I am
tired of writing,you must"

"

"

"

"

"

be of

reading;

so

"

WORK

An

kevoib.

FOR
KITCHEN

TEE

WEEK.

GAEDEN.

the

While
dry weather continues hoe every part of the garden
the seeds that were
as
ripened in summer
thoroughly,
(whereweeds were allowed to perfectseed and to shed them),
have now
which is
vegetatedand may be destroyed
effectually,
better than allowingthem to stand over tillspringamong
other
productivenessis scinethicgastonishing,as every stem is crops. When
a kitchen
well stocked
garden is at this season
with fruit,
and it ftrms a compact and most fruitful with autumn, winter,and
springcrops, allneatlyarranged and

covered

2U

JOURNAL

OP

HOKTICULTUEE

AND

well cnltivated,
and
the walks, "e., in gooci order, I think
the present not the least interesting
periodof the year in thia
useful department of gardening.Where
the stems of Asparagus
have
become brown they may
be cleared away, and the beds
be
have
their surface stirred to admit
may
hoed, raked,and
air into the soil as much
as
possiblewithout disturbingthe
roots.
Prepareground on a south border or other favourable
aspect for planting Caiiliflower
plants under hand-lights a
;

quantity may be pricked out in cold frames to receive pro43otion from severe
frost in winter.
Let no favourable opportunity
of earthing-up
and otherwise attendingto Celery
pass
by, but on no account let it be earthed-up so as in any way to
bury the heart of the plant. It is much safer for the
present

to err
Brown

the other side. Prepareground for

Cos and Hardy Green
Lettuce,a double

on

plantationsof

of which
west walls ; the
should they all
row

be planted at the foot of the south-east or

plantsmay be 4 inches apart in the row, and
stand over the winter,which is seldom the
case, every
be removed
one
can
to form other plantations.

may

FEUIT

Applesand

Pears

alternate

GAEDEN.

that have

COTTAGE

GAEDENEE.

[ Septemior

2S, 1371.

prettyobjectsfor the drawing-room when grown in pots. A

portion of the stock of Chrysanthemums should be placed
under
glassto forward them ; thin out the bloom buds, and
water the plantswithliquidmanure.
In arrangingPelargoniums
the lightest
for the winter,allow them
and warmest
end of the
house, unless there is a separate house for them, when the
should have the best end.
Fancies
Keep them close to the
glass,and do not allow them to touch each other. Those cut
back late may yet be shaken
from their old soil and repotted,
placingthem, however, in a slightbottom heat afterwards to
their quick rooting; cuttingsstruck should be potted
facilitate
at once, if not done previously. Let the greatest cleanliness
be carried out in every house ; the pots should be frequently
the outside,and moss
washed
on
prevented from growing on
it a rule to clean out each house after
the surface soil. Make
noon.
the morning's watering,that it may get dry earlyin the foreSpecimen plantsshould be frequentlyturned round to
prevent their becoming one-sided.
Any plants which have
crowded in the branches should be liberally
become
thinned ; no
be
from
enclosed
like a besom.
ever
Whergood can
expected
spray

bfien gathered within the last

be looked over carefully,
now
when it will be
that those that were
bruised or injured have begun to
decay,and unless removed
will infect others.
Filberts are
now
ripe in most places and should be gathered. They are
kept in good condition in a moderate-sized

insects appear, let the plantsbe thoroughly

cleansed before
going to their permanent stations,
rubbing them well with the
brush, and using a weak solution of soft soap in water in which
a liberal sprinklingof sulphur has been
blended.
Any of the
Chinese or Indian Azaleas which
have not yet perfectedtheir
hamper packed flower buds should be kept on a warm
shelf
for awhile.
light
in this way theydo not sufier from excess
"firm,;
of moisture, The same
may be said of Camellias which flowered late in the
and the kernels keep plump and sweet till
The
May or June.
Those requiredto blossom shortly
should be kept in a
spring.
removal
and transplanting
of evergreens may
be done as soon
and receive hquid manure
warm
situation,
occasionally.
rain
as

iortnightshould
found

occurs,

with

chances

more

of success
than at any
of the soil placsdabout the
generallyprevailingin the

other period. The natural warmth

roots, and the close damp weather
autumn

months,

the

FLOWEE

Those who

FOECINO.

intend

to providea rich display

very earlyin the
be in the market
and select plantsproper
spring should now
of
for the purpose, and of a superiorcharacter as to the amount
flower buds and the form of the plant. These things,of course,

principalcauses
operatingto insure
tendency well known to those who have
in
to
form
plants
roots more
seasons,
little expense, but such is amply repaid where a
involve some
of active growth and during the ripening
is provided. It cannot
be expected
proper forcing structure
of the wood than at
Whether planting is done
any other.
situated can
that gardeners as they are ordinarily
provideall
in masses
or
singly,the ground should be well trenched and
the nurserythe plants necessary for this purpose
so well as
man.
drained before attempting
to put a plant in. For singleplants,
division of good forcers, I would recommend
As one
it theyare meant
to thrive,a mere
hole just sufficient to hold
of
the ordinaryAmerican
shrubs, many
which, although too
the roots is not sufficient,
but the ground for some
space
large for the drawing-room stand,are admirably adapted for
round should be well worked-up to facilitate the
progress of the vestibule or balcony,or for settingin conspicuousplaces
the future roots, as well as the

success.

Add

are

to this

planted largely
at all
readilyafter the season

escape

of water.

As each

tree

shrub is planted secure

it from the action of high winds.
Mulch the surface to prevent evaporationfrom the soil,
and
besides occasional waterings at the roots when
the earth beor

dry,and then only,sprinklethe tops well each evening,

wettingthe bark and foliagecompletely. This will be a much
safer plan to promote their
growth than pouring water on the
roots of a plant when
the soil around
them
is alreadyin the
of
mud.
shape
Cuttingsof Laurels,Privets,Yews, and various
other evergreens
be
now
put in,and the layeringof others
may
which do not strike readilyfrom cuttingsshould be
proceeded
aomes

with.

GKEENHOUSE

AND

CONSEEVATOKT.

The

the
fnreechouse.
Of such are
in the conservatory or mixed
Azaleas of the nudiflora class, with
various Rhododendrons,
latifolium and
the Ehodora
canadensis. Ledum
various hybrids,
Ealmia
and glauca,Andromeda
latitolia,
angustifolia,
tbymifolium,
the
C
ueorum
and even
Daphne,
especially
pulverulenta,
of the same
the old PolygalaChamEebnxus.
These, with more
will be found
tribe,although not of very recent introduction,

greatlyto the spring display,as also to the diffusion of

with,
gratifyingfragrance. Such should be obtained forthpotted in smallish pots, and plunged in the warmest
whence
of the garden,from
they may be successively
corner
from the middle of November
introduced to the forcinghouse
when
out of
until February. Such, if graduallycooled down
tions
introducgarden of bog earth
blossom, may be turned out into a reserve
as
begin in
the
force
well
next
season.
April,and will frequently
very
to add
a most

conservatorywill still be kept gay by fresh

plants in bloom, and the removal
of such
to decay. It will,however, be desirable not to overcrowd
W. Keane.
the house at this season
of the year, as the permanent inmates
will require to have
all the light and air possibleto
WEEK.
DOINGS
OF
THE
LAST
effect the ripeningof their wood.
The
climbing plants in
GAEDEN.
this and other houses should likewise have a
KITCHEN
weekly regulation,
time could be given, trenching up Pea and Onion
When
the shoots going out of bloom, and training
shortening-back
bages,
the remainder
ground, in order to put iu good breadths of Lettuces and Cabin a suitable manner
to cause
free natural
a
Part of the ground
the principal
work of routine.
was
growth. Climbingplantsin pots,as Eennedyas,Hardenbergias,
similar
will
be
devoted
and
be
most
to Carrots,
likelyto
crops,
(fee,should likewise be neatly tied to their trellises and exenriched with a quantity of good stuff from the rubbish-heap,
posed to a good share of light. The borders in the conservatory
of the
and rather fresh, turned down
mellow
to the bottom
will require less water, and this should be still further
if
such soil all sweet, and even
trench.
A littlelime will make
reduced as the days shorten, making a difference,
however,
off
it all the winter as ridgesfor crops that will come
with strong-rooting
which will requirelargerquantities we use
plants,
Carrots
than others. The buds of Camellias where too thick should be
earlyin spring,it will still serve with deep diggingfor
all the
rather leave such ground open
thinned-out accordingto the strengthof the plant water plants in April. We would
;
adding
which
have not been recentlypotted with clear soot water, winter with sprinklingsof lime and a littlesalt,even
of the best
one
of gas tar from a rough brush
a sprinkling
to help them to perfectgood-sizedblooms.
A batch of Eoses
havinghad a short rest may now be placedin a lightpit,for thingsin moderation,and in winter,for settingmany intruders
but when we cannot do the very
after removal
"c., on their travels,
to the plant houses or drawing-rooms they will on Carrots,
be useful when
best,we must often do the next best in oar power.
the out-door
For a number
ones
are
over.
_

of

"

"

"

which

are
useful I recommend
the following varieties as
blooming very late" namely, Devoniensis, Elise Sauvage,
Goubault, and Smith's Yellow among
the Teas.
Most
of the
Perpetualsand Bourbons should likewise be
G6ant des

Batailles

so ;
particularly

and

the

dwarf

grown,
miniature

Eoses

are

FEUIT

See
where

previousnotices
fresh

as

planting,and

DEPAETMENT.

collectingsoils and composts,

is contemplated.
station-planting,
especially
to

Strawberry plants in pots

at all crowded

should be

placed

September 28,1871.]

JOURNAL

OP

HOKTXCULTUEB

The
farther apart,and water shonld be given with more
care.
the
sun
during the next three weeks will do much to perfect
fruit buds, and on this success
will greatlydepend. Some of
readers can
our
have their plants strong enough to suit
never
them, but it is easy to have very strong and yet unmatured
would
have plants somewhat weaker, but
growth. We
sooner

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

243

Grapes

SHHivELLrNG
(IF.B.).".We do not think that you have overcropped
Vines, and unless the Grapes are
what
call
gardeners
""that is,the stalks of the berries decayed before the Grapes
are
ripe,which of course
cuts off the supply of nourishment
to the berries
and causes
them
to shrivel
the cause
must
bean
insufficient supply oi'
water at the roots. A Header has a house of mixed
Vines, and the berries
of Madresfield
Court are shrivelling
when
the others are all right. We
would
in this instance look for the evil at the roots.
when
The Vine
with the buds well ripened and matured.
The same
rule will growing requires a large quantity of water, and until tho Grapes are
also hold good as respectsfruit trees in general; the ripening ripe should not be allowed to become dry at the roots.
CnTTiNO
of the fruit buds ought to be of more
DOWN
Black
Prince
Vine {T. H.)." The best Grape Vine
importance than any
to grow in an early house for market purposes
is Black Hamburgh.
Train
mere
moved
growth, and, therefore,ail mere
growth that can be reup a shoot from each of your Black Prince Vines, and when
you start
and air to buds, will be of importance. your vinery introduce in
to give more
sun
which have
pots two plants of Black Hamburgh
See what was
said about clearingplantsout of late vineries, been cut over some
time
previously. You should allow two shoots to
from each Vino, and
grow
when
the young
rods
about 5 feet long
are
and keepingthem dry,
inarch them, making the connection about 2 feet from the surface of the
ground.
OENAMENTAL
DEPAETMENT.
The second
shoot on the Hamburgh Vine will do to obtain some
from
in the pot the following season.
is a more
Calceolarias were
shaken
Inarching Vines
by the deluge of rain a fortnight fruit
certain
method
than grafting them.
The edible kinds of Gourds
are
of colour,otherwise the
back, and are not such dense masses
useful for making pies when Apples are
scarce
; slice them
up, and use
The
brilliant.
beds, as a whole, never
were
more
dryness Apples and Gourd in equal portions.
your

"

shanked

"

beds of
of Ageratnm, and even
on
rows
began to tell on some
Grapes
Mildewed
(K. B.)."The Vines in both your houses have been
attacked by mildew ; it attacks both the leaves and
rich beds
Coleus, and we were forced to water them and some
fruit,causing the
to crack, and
berries
prevents them
from swelling to the nsup.l size.
of variegatedGreraniums.
We
had our
beds very early and
Sulphur is tho only preventive or remedy. On the first appearance
of
strong this season, an advantagewhen the family staysin the this pest throw flowers of sulphur' over the leaves and berries,where
affected,with a sulphur-distributor.
country for the whole season
; but later beds would look fresher
and require less picking late in autumn.
We were
RovAL
Vine
Ascot
obligedto
(flfmJei-)."
Royal Ascot is a good Grape. It is well
pick Ageratums closely.The dense lines showed the ripened adapted for pot culture and for planting in the vinery. It is superior to
Black Prince and Trentham
Black.
It will not supersede the Black Hamburgh
seed-heads,but when removed
there was
plenty of the light
for general cultivation,
is it as a Grape equal to Black Alicante,
nor
blue left. To have the beds fine earlyand late,much picking but it ripens earlier and does not require so much heat as that variety.
must

be resorted to.
Cuttings. We have put in a good proportionof our cuttings
for next season
all right,and for economical
purposes the bulk
of them are inserted at once
in shallow boxes.
We went over
beds several times, so that no opening or break should be
our
made
in the beds.
of our
friends who manage
We know some
in this respect,
when
and take their cuttings,
very cleverly
they
have no resident family,
or
six weeks before they are
a month
be
t
o
and
in
be
taken
that
case
likely
present ;
cuttingscan
more
freelywithout the contour of the beds sufferingat all
when
the familybecome
cised
resident. Much
must- be exercare
when you have nothing but the beds to depend on
for
cuttings,and a familyresident that looks on them every day.
In such a case we would never
had what
be satisfied until we
have not had yet a reserve
we
garden whence cut flowers and
there are men
who can
cuttingsshould be taken. Of course
take cuttingseven
from beds, so as to leave little or no trace of
the knife behind Iham ; and tliera are, too,many
others who,
if theygjt hold of a catting,
throw all considerations of taste
and the appearance
of the bed to tte winds.
When
a gardener
in a largeplacemust chieflydepend on local labourers, in such
will
be
a reserve
to
of
eate?
be
garden
seen
more
a matter
importance. To secure
bedding plantsin the highest styleof
floral art, nothing should be taken from the beds, until the
period of natural decay,but faded blooms and leaves.
We must
refer to back numbers
for what
is needed
for pot
plants, "(;.,
just to reiterate two ideas that have been mentioned,
but not sufficiently
in
ventilated. First,
saving the
contour and outline of flower beds by taking short,stubby cuttings
from the base of the plants,you will get nice healthy
plants,but theywill bloom freelylater than those plantsraised
from cuttingsmore
exposed to sun and air.
In lockingat the brilliancy
of flower beds in the
Secondly,
air
in
open
comparison of which the finest greenhouses
now,
and conservatories look poor in comparison, who is there that
will give us from half an acre to an acre of ground covered with
glass,and heated so that such strikingmasses
of bloom should
be continuous,instead of a few months' duration ? E. F.
"

"

"

TO
Books

CORRESPONDENTS.

"Frait
(Pomologi3t)."1'kB

Manual ;"'a new

edition ia in preparation.
The second
edition of the " Rose
Garden," price 6s. 6d. The
price of the "Rose Annual"
lor 1858-59,1859-60,is Es. ; lor 1860-61, and
4s. You may
obtain both from the author, Vlfaltham Cross.
1861-62,
In
a like manner
obtain Mr. Cranston's book from
you
may
King's Aero
Nurseries, Heref^ird. The Eev. S. Reynolds Hole's book is published by
Blackwoods.
[A. H. A.) Henfrey's IntroductoryCourse of Botany by Dr.
Masters,is the best book you can next study.
Verbenas
(O, Orpet). Their colours are good, especially
the purple,
but the form is defective. It is impossible to give an
opinion on the
for bedding without seeing the plants.
value of Verbenas
"

Phloxes
{A Constant Suhscriher),~We cannot recommend
Any of the principal floristswho advertise in our columns
nperior varieties.
Photoqkaph

(Novus

Homo).
"

Write to Mr. Barron, Eoya

tradesmen.
could supply
Horticultural

Society,
Chiswick,W.
Auriculas
a

common

{J.Martin). They will not do in a greenhouse ; better have

garden frame, and place the pots on caal ashes.
"

FuN"trs ON Celeev
Leaves
(W. H; DaJa)." The fungus is Trichobasis
heraclei,the brand state of Puocinia ; Darluca filum is also present. At
this stage we know of no remedy,
LiLluais [J.Stuart}. All Lilium lancifolium.
"

was

Grapes
Shankino
(J.H, )."Y'our signature was
answered August 10th,page 109 to " T. H."

not clear,Bo your query

A Vase
PLANTiNe
with
Bulbs
(^1.W. B.)."Fov such a vase, the planting
would depend on the time you want
it to be gay. To have it a perfect
blaze at one
time, what would or could be better than so many
bands
of
Crocus
9 inches apart,each
band of a distinct colour,and contrasting
with its neighbour, as white,purple, orange, blue, "c. ?

Cost op Trenching
Ground
For No. 1, or trenching two
(Eor/ator)."
spitsdeep (20 inches) in good loamy soil,we have paid "10 per acre, or
halfpenny per square yard, arid for No. 2, twice No. 1, or Id. per
includes the removal
square yard, which, of course,
of the roots- and
levelling; but much
depends on the ground and the value of labour in
the localitywhere the work is to be done.
The price we name
is where
good labourers have 3s. per day.
one

Watering
Melons
when
Ripening
(A Foreman)." It is not a good
plan to water Melons when they are " just ripe,"for it tends to gorge the
fruit with sap, cracking often results,and the flavour is deteriorated.
Nor would
it be well to allow the fruit to remain
tho plants after being
on
if it were
quite ripe, even
practicable,as the fruit will part from the
footstalk if allowed to remain until dead ripe. They should be cut before
that time.
Coprosha
Baueeiana
viEiEGATA
PROPAGATION
(J.T.)." Take cuttiugs
of the current year's shoots when
half ripe,insert them in sandy loam,
peat, and silver sand, place them in a good bottom
heat of 76=,and keep
them close and moist.
The soil should be kept moist but not very wet"
They will root well in from three to six weeks, and should be potted off
singly,and returned to a hotbed for a few days. When
established they
should be well hardened
off. The best time to put in the cuttings is

early in August.
Tulips
foe
Simultaneous
Flowering
(A..^.)."Imperatorrubrorum
and Yellow Rose will not suit,as the latter is a late-blooming kind, but
have Yellow Tournesol in place of Yellow Rose.
you may
Duke of Y^ork
would not suit Yellow Rose, as the former flowers much
earlier than the
latter,but for Bleu Celeste Yellow Rose would suit. In the single varieties
be better suited,as more
of them
flower togethfr than is
you would
the case
with the double varieties. You might have Proserpine,dark
rose, dwarf; Belle Alliance,scarlet,dwarf; Chrysolora, yellow, dwarf;
Artus, scarlet; Keizer Ki-oon, crimson scarlet,margined with yellow;
Monument, rosy cerise,flaked white ; Couronne
Pourpre, dark crimson j.
Bride of Haarlem, white, stripedwith crimson; Moliere,purple,yellow
base; Cramoisie superbe, rosy cerise ; Royal Standard, white, feathered
with rosy crimson;
Yellow Prince, yellow; and Thomas
Moore, orangOg.
tall, Ne Plus Ultra and
Sir Walter
Scott Crocus are both lilac ; there
would be no contrast,though Ne Plus Ultra is a lilac purple. Lord Macaulay is a large dark purple, and would suit Sir Walter .Scott. A dozen
good and not expensive kinds of Gladiolus are Berenice, Endymion,
Florian, Mars, Ljelia, Le Titien, Janire, Jeanne d'Arc, Napoleon III.,
Raphael, Rembrandt, and Ninon de rEnclos.
Lachenalias will do well
in a greenhouse, from
which frost is excluded, on a shelf near
the glass.
ECHEVEEIA

SECUNDA

GLAUCA

AND

SEMPERVIVUBI

CALIFORNICUM

HARDI*

he
{F. J.). The Echeveria is not hardy, and should
taken up,
is hardy in wellpotted, and kept safe from frost. The Sempervivum
drained soils,and not very rich.
If the soil is rich,and not dry, take up
the plants,pot them, and winter them in a cold frame, keeping them dry.
NESS

"

Lapageria
rosea
Shoots
going
off
(/.S. TF.)."We should attribute
the cause
of the strong shoots from
the base dying off when
about
of a good root
16 inches long to want
action, in which
it will be
case
fresh rough peat, removnecessary to look to the drainage,and give some
ing
of the old soil as practicablewithout interferingwith the
as much
roots.
Are you sure
the shoots are
not eaten
off by slugs ?
We have a
plant which has had all its shoots cut off in this way several times at th
height you name.
Snails,slugs,and woodlice are very fond of the young
shoots of this plant. Examine
the plant after dark with a lantern.
Soil foe
Pampas
Grass (A. B.)." Take out the soil where you intend
to plant to a depth o" 2 feet over a, circle of twice that diameter. If there

246

JOUENAL

OF

HOETICULTUEE

iB tnrf,place it at the bottom, and mix it with an eqnal quantity of leaf

soil or old decayed manure,
and then fill up the hole with two parts good
loam ( turfy if it is at command),
one
and
part leaf soil or old manure,
half a part of sand, raisingit in the centre 1 foot above the surrounding
well in dry weather, and mulch
level. Plant in March, water
with short
in June and again in autumn, but at the latter season
manure
with more
litterymanure
; let the dead
grass remain
throughout the winter, and
remove
it at the end of March
or early in April.
Stove
of
Temperature
this time and during winter
{J.Z)." From
the temperature should range from 60^ to 65^ at night,and from 70" to 75^
sun
heat to 80^ or 85^ up to November, afterby day, with a rise from
wards
of February let the temperature be from 55" to 60^
to the middle
at night and 65="to 70'^ by day, with a rise of from 10^ to 15^ from sun

heat.
Fruit
Removing
Trees
You
(F. i?.)."
at the
may
safely remove
"close of this month
the trees planted a twelvemonth
last November, only
take them
carefully,preserving all the fibres possible,and keep the
up
roots from sun and air by covering them carefullywith mats.
Water after
planting,shade from very bright sun, and sprinkle with water overhead
"morning and evening, but not if the weather
be moist.
Araucaria
Thriving
not
(H. P.)."We
do not think the Araucaria
will be of any more
It has evidently been too deeply planted
good.
in the firstinstance, and the tree sought to recover
itself by putting out
roots near
the surface" another
were
evidence, if one
needed, that
"Conifers,of all trees,should never
be deeply planted. Though
we
think
tree hopeless,we would, nevertheless,cut away
your
the " ball root,"atid
"plantso that roots newly formed on the stem will not be covered
with
than 6 inches of soil,and this we
more
should do at once.
Secure the
tree well against winds.

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

beetles appear in June

DO

to

power

Spring

migrate

Flower

and July only to

tree to tree.

[ September 23, 1871-

depositeggs,

and the larvre have

from

Gardening

(TT.ffmds)." We

could not do better for

"
recommend
you than
Spring and Winter Flower Gardeninu," bv Mr.
Fleming, which you can have by post from our
office for 2s.7hd. *Were
to enter fullyinto the aff,iir it would
we
require a treatise,
and then we
of our
should break through one
special rules,which prudence demands
should adhere to,and that is, to criticise proposed
we
planting,but not to
give the planting for a flower garden. It would be impossible to do this,
as the
applications would be endless. But, just as a hint, suppose
you
filledNo. 1 with a centre
and
two bands of Hyacinths, say white, blue,
and red, with
an
edging of Viola comuta
; then edge all the other beds
next to it with Cerastium, and plant,according to your proposal,each bed
with
two
colours of Tulips" the Van Thol would be pretty and cheap"
but keeping the lighter colours to tbe centre,and the scarlet and
crimson
to the outside.
the eight circles we
Then
would do in pairs of Crocus,
edging yellow with purple, white with blue,and so on.
The four large
outside
beds
would
we
edge, two with Viola and two with Golden Feverfew,
and these we would
mix
or cross,
so as
to make
a difi'erence. If you
had Anemones
in well in two colours in these beds.
they could come
Joints of Hot-water
Piping
(Jas.Luck).~We
have just done some
thousands of feet of hot-water piping, and
have
used
we
rope
yarn, or
rather lint jam,
and red lead, and not one
has f tiled. We like it best.
Other plans have their advocates.
Hot-water
Piping for
Wintering-house
"The
(An Old Subscriber).
house containing about 9500 cubic feet of air,360 feet of 4-inch pipe, all
la Cannell, will keep the house quite safe.
a
Say 45- to 50^ in winter.

flow

Protecting

Peach
Trees
on
a Wall
(J. P. F.)."To make
the most
glass for your wall you should enclose enough of space
to. walk inside and attend to the trees.
If you hid spare
sasnes
might set them against the trees,a foot or 18 inches distant.
you
We
used
once
some
old sashes, 6 feet long, for
a wall of 8 feet like yours.
We put posts 5 feet
from the wall, and 8 inches abeve the ground
Hedse
for
a
Flower
Garden
On these we fixed a rail to support the ends of the
{A Lady).~'Kd\\j, as yon propose,
would
answer
sashes ; a short rafter of 9 inches in length from
them
very well,and
you
quite safely at from
may move
3 to 4 feet high if they have been transplanted within two years.
beneath the coping supported the sloping rafter
Their
removal
will,however, be costly,and if you purchase smaller
at the back.
The sashes were
air
plants,so
fixed, and
long a time must elapse before they will answer
for shelter,that we
given back and front by moveable
boards, a and
should plant some
other evergreen.
Common
If you
Yew
have
answers
6, ventilators.
no
perfectly,
sashes, the
and can
be safelyremoved
when
of considerable
cheapest way would be to have such top and
size,so that you may
iorm a hedge at once.
front
We
in
ventilation,and make a roof fixed in the
prefer Yew to all other kinds of screens
trimmed
orchard-house
grounds. Berberis Darwinii makes a first-rateevergreen
have the width
style. We would
screen,
and grows
much
more
enclosed from 4 to 7 feet,as the space would be
of
rapidly than either Holly or Yew, and is a mass
golden fiowers in spring. The quickest-formed
useful
for many
fence we
had was of
ever
things. If of the latter width, you could take your glass
American
Arbor-Vitae ; it was
made in a day by planting trees 6 feet high
right to the wall, and have about eightmoveable
lightsat the apex, say
at about 18 inches apart. Any of the plants named
would
24 by 12 inches.
answer
your
purpose well,all being suitable for the boundary of a flower garden.
GREENHOUSE
DouBLE-sPiNNED
(J.Harpa(e)."The double span-roofed
SoLANUM
ciLiATUM
CASTING ITS Berhies
{A. S. ^.)." We think it arises
for economy
houses we have recommended
of space
and construction,
of a proper supply of water, or, in other words, the soil is too
5or want
dry. and we gave
examples of them as existing at Messrs. Lane's, at BerkOive water more
think
the berries will swell off.
copiously,and we
The
mode
of
ventilation of a
house
Black

Grapes

^H". rem;)Ze)."We
Colouring
think yoa may
have
too many
Vinesf but the chief mistake is too many bunches.
We
have
of two Hamburghs
in the case
made
the same
mistake, and the berries
are
scarcely all through red, whilst those of Lady Downe's beside them
like ripe Sloes for colour.
are
not

of a covering
to enable you

of

hampstead.

DwABF
standards

Standard

Dessert

Apples

top

span-roofed

by

ridge-board,with a swinging ventilator between, and a

all to keep out wet, we have also recommended,
and we
Sykehouse
have given examples of successful practice. Your proposed plan of
Apricots and Nectarines would
not succeed
as
but if you want
dwarf standards in Northa
high temperature in the one
umberland,heating will answer,
unless against a south wall. Plums
double
would
will want
do, and of them
house
top-heat piping in winter.
The
turn
reyour
you
advise Goldftn Gage, Orleans, Kirke's, Julv Green
we
for both top and bottom
will answer
heat, and for returns we never
Gage, Victoria,
and
BelgianPurple, Prince Englebert, Jefl"erson,
Diamond.
flow and return may
trouble ourselves with stop-valves. Your main
be
he low enough, so that in all branchextended as you like,but they must
ing
House
for
Roses"
Propagation
House, "c. (J.Ducfcer)."We cannot
off from them the pipes shall rise,and these mains must
be above the
to give plans of proposed houses, but are
undertake
always glad to give
for
level of the boiler. Now, though your
questions are too numerous
all the information
we
criticise any submitted to us.
can, and
Of the
one
time, we reply that we prefer the main flow and return to be 4 inches
Rose house we may
say that for so small a house we should not think of
in diameter
rather than 6 ; that the connections
in
such
are
generally
"plantingout the Roses, but would have them
in
principally pots ; indeed
will be no
all,except a climbing kind at every 4 feet. Instead of a span-roofed cases 4 inches. We often have them 2 or even less. There
to the return,but you
as
require to regulate or stop for a
difficulty
may
house we should have a half-span on one
side facing the north, and the
time
the flow in the higher level until the water is going freplyin the
longer half of the span facing the south. The front,7 feet high, should
have answered
fourth question already; there
lower
level. We
your
of 3 feet of brickwork
be formed
and
4 feet of glas","c., and the whole
There can be no question as
would not be enough piping for early work.
of the front glass should open, and that at the back
the whole length of
The
tion
to the return.
dipping we could not be sure about without observathe house.
Along tbe front we would
have a stage of laths 3 feet wide,
objection to tbe houses in pairs. We think
or a sectional plan. No
level with the top of the brickwork, and, allowing 2 feet 6 inches, have
be
must
be
The
will
damping
the
ventilation
ample.
guarded against by
a stepped stage to the back
In front,
wall, but 3 feet flat next the wall.
and judgment in watering. The
glasses
professional care, air-giving,
beneath the stage,have a border in which
to plant the climbing Roses.
heat and a coolish atmosphere
will be useful. You may then have bottom
For the propagating house the walk would be best in the centre, with
in f-ict,
The
boilers you speak of are
there are few
first-rate;
overhead.
each
beds on
side,which should be chambered, and have
two
of
rows
We have preferred the saddleback
bad boilers if well set and well managed.
4-inch pipes beneath
each.
The
be
covered
with
bed may
about 8 or
of obtaining a moist bottom
heat
because it is simple. Your mode
4 inches of plunging material.
Two
of 4-inch
rows
quired
pipes would be remoist.
Trough pipes are objectionable
keep the rough material
for top heat.
all round
Ventilation at the top would be sufficient. will do if you
mode
of
unless
have
in
t
hem.
some
simple
filling
chambers,
you
for
One firewould do
both houses if
employ a boiler and hot-water
are

Early Red Margaret,

Russet, Cos's Orange

{Elston)."%i^ good kinds for dwarf

Mignonne. King of the Pippins,
Pitmaston
Pippin, and
Nonpareil.

Dutch

of

means

cap

to

double

cover

you

pipes; but if
need

do not consider suitable,you wiU

we
you have flues,which
fire for each house.
The loam with a clay subsoil is the more
suitable
of the two kinds for Roses.
a

Caterpillars

Infesting
Caebageworts
ion)." There are plenty of
(Jl/y
we
cannot
advise their application
of use.
the season
We
advise their being picked off by
hand, also to dust with quicklime early in the morning or late at night.
but
things that will kill the caterpillars,
so

near

Scarlet
Runners
Podding
not
{A Constant Reader)." We think the
of the Scarlet
not podding is the dryness of the soil,the
cause
Runners
"plantsbeing against walls. Had good supplies of water been given two
three
or
times a-week, with liquid manure
occasionally,we think your
crop would have been excellent.
Cutting
Down
Periwinkle
(J.L. P.)." It will not do to cut down the
Periwinkle
at this season,
to have the slope on
especiallyas you wish
which it is planted green all the winter.
The best time to cut it down is
in March, removing any irregulargrowth in August.
Green
Gage
Plum
Suddenly
Tree
Dying
{A Bcginner).~The tree,
with its inner bark reduced to a reddish powder, is attacked
by Scolytus
contains burrows of the larvaj and images. Tbough apparently
in a healthycondition, it is to be suspected that the tree was
not so in
reality,later researches into the historyof the Scolyti indicating that
they locate themselves
chiefly in trees which are either under some
morbid influence,
or
have been partiallydestroyed by other insects. We
recommend
the removal
of that particular tree.
At this season
of the
there is no
to apprehend the evil would
reason
year
spread, since the

Pruni, and

We prefer a flat-headed iron

a Greenhouse
in
(F. T., Ej-o?i)."
would
we
have a vessel made to stand
to a round-headed
one, and
this top to hold water in preference to having the vessel cast with or
will
of
the
stove.
There
be
to
in the one
and
plenty
case,
vapour
joined
heat as to boil the water.
thrown
off would
The vaponr
not
not so much
bat as the Grapes ripened you cnuld
be iiijurious,
easilyput a slate or a
the evaporating vessel. If the vessel is merely set
piece of wood over
flowers of sulphur in the water, but not if the
on
put some
may
you
vessel is joined to the stove.
Stove

stove

on

Names

of

Plants

(NetlcJi).~'V7e
decidedly object

to

naming

plants

Here you send mere

from imperfect material.
tips of shoots- Happily
all but one
are
recognisable at a glance. No. 2 is Ligustrum japonicum ;
cardinalis ; 6, Lantana
vaiium ; 5, Correa
Selloi (or Sel4, Chorozema
deners'
have the '' Cottage Garlowii); 7, Poinsettia pulcherrima. You may
Dictionary " free by post from our office for 7s.2d. (F. J.). Clerodendron
foetidum of Bunge, from Northern China.
(R.B. L.). We have
done
best to determine the fruit of the Cucurbit sent to us, and after
our
most
of our
competent
having subjected it to the inspection of some
is that in all probability it is_
an
authorities,the conclusion deduced
in
which
a
was
of
figured the " Botanical
Cucumis
Anguria, plant
example
that which
as
yields
Magazine" of last year (see tab. 5817),and known
used in West Indian pickles. It is the only Cucumis
a gherkin much
occurring in America, and it has been suggested that even there it may
Tropical
not be trulvindigenoas, but introduced
by the Negroes from
Africa. It is one of a difficultseries, running from C. sativus on the one
extreme, through C. metuliferus, C. pustulatus, C. arabicus, C. Figarei,
"

"

Septomber 28, 1871. ]

JOUBNAL

OF

AND

HOETICULTUKE

to the bitter and deleterious C, prophetarum,all characterised by strong

rugositiesor prickleson the surface of their fruits. Should it be really
the C. Anguria, then our warning as to the suspicious nature
of the sap
of these fruits will not apply in this instance.
We
should have been
able to have spoken with far greatercertaintyhad we been favoured with
in C. Anguria is very deeply lobed.
a leaf as well, which
(Ladif Emiltj
Your
Tumour).
plant is Eugenia Ugni, a kind of Myrtle, a native of
Ohili. The fruits are not only eatable,but are much
esteemed
by some.
Two or three years ago a very fine specimen is said to have yielded " six
quarts of delicious fruit." It grew in South Devon.
(Taviar Cottage).
The climber is Lophospermum
scandens, a native of Mexico, whilst the
weed is the poisonous Enchanter's
Nightshade, Circiea lutetiana. (W.
JSfock).The common
Agrimony, Agrimonia Eupatoria, and the Eirdsfoot
Trefoil,Lotus corniculatus,both common
wildlings. (C. J. Bromkead).-^
Adiantum
deltoideum
of Swartz, a genuine West Indian species. {Julia),
Arabis albida,native of the Caucasus
and Crimen, commonly
used for
the Brittle Fern, a British
spring bedding. (Nemo). Cystopterisfragilis,
species,having a very wide geographical distribution. (D.). 1,Nephro-dinm decompositum, and 2, N. Thelypteris, both
as
commonly known
known
3Jastreas. The latter is also sometimes
as
Aspidium Thelypteris.
its English name
Fern.
E.
F.
of
the
Marsh
being
{A.
C). The name
is Leycesteria formosa, native of the Himalayas.
Remove
it
jour shrub
at once, or within
the next month.
The dessert Pear we
should recommend
Bonne
As
to the
of Jersey or
Marie
would
be Louise
Louise.
pyramid, let it be lifted and root-pruned that is to say, let all the very
strong thick roots be shortened, so as to check the undue
vigour you
epeak of. (J?.J. Qargrave), The Fungi sent are specimens of Sclero-derma vulgare,not edible. As you have the " Edible Funguses of Great
Britain," the best book you can get,including the poisonous species,is
*'
Mushrooms
and Toadstools,"with fifty-three
coloured figures. Price 63.
W.C.
Hardwicke,192,PiccadiUy,

at these shows.

217

the

to have been

Chepstow appears

opening of their season; the thirty-three

pens of chickens brought
of the highest merit,the whole of the eighteen
togetherwere
too,evidently
beinghighlycommended.
Ipswich,
pens of pullets
and for the
believes in the preferenceexhibited by our judges,
Dark
Brahmas
has
pitched
againstCochins, and Light
cups
Brahmas
againstDorkings. What will our fanciers say to this?
Doubtless the awards will be anticipated.
Enpassant I must say
is beyond
that the schedule of the Crystal Palace Committee
all praise,but as much
might have been expectedfrom the
high character of the committee and secretaries.
Now, I ask, why do our judgespersistin discouragingLight
in size to their Dark
Brahmas
The fact of their inferiority
?
size
that wins, for I
brethren stands alone ; but it is not
have invariablynoticed Dark
specimens winning which were
their Light opponents
both bad in shape and colour,whereas
although inferior in bulk. So
possessed these qualifications,
both colours are pretty
of
the
the
chickens
of
far
presentseason
equal,but competitionwill doubtless make disparities.It has
been noticed in a contemporary that not only have Darks won
of first prizes
but that the majority
throughout the summer,
This redounds
exhibitor.
to his credit
have been won
by one
but it is nevertheless discouraging. In
(ifhe bred the birds),
those
of
conclusion I would
gentlemen in whose
beg of one
"
the cups that cheer but not
hands
are
placed for award
favourites fall short in,and how
inebriate " to tell us what our

played

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

POUITRY,

BEE,

AND

PIGEON

CHRONICLE.

we

BANTAMS

GARDENS.

vEEStjs

Like
of your correspondents,
Bome
I, too, got an attack of
"Bantam
Beotok's " article
fever"
on
reading " Wiltshiee
"
in the Journal of Jane 1st. I
worked it out" by purchasing
I have a small
and three hens, Black-breasted Beds.
a cock
garden, my chief source 0! recreation. Confidingin the Eector's
the run of this. Now,
recommendations, I gave my Bantams
either " Wiltshiee
Eectok
ot Bantams.
race
or I have a new
His delightin slugs; mine refuse these,even when gathered
for them.
His do no harm ; mine show a remarkable
liking
for young
plantsof cauliflowersand Brussels sprouts,and find
the roots
evident pleasurein " burrowing," so to speak,among
of my miniature pear trees. To-day I expecteda good harvest
the
of seed from some
fine French
as I had remarked
pansies,
seed vessels grow daily larger. To my surprise not a seed
vessel was
left. I concluded theyhad been eaten by the slugs
While still
that should have been devoured by the Bantams.
Bearching,lest they might have fallen to the ground,one of
in amid the pansies,and began to eat the young
ithehens came
seed vessels. These I examined, and found the seed yet quite
soft and almost transparent.
Now
let me
I do not write this to
not be misunderstood.
find fault with the good-naturedBector, for,fortunately,
I can
Bantams
elsewhere
than
the
in
keep my
garden ; but I wish to
those who may have no
other place to keep them that
warn
theyconsider well before they risk spoilingtheir gardens. If
by our
my birds should be exceptions to the rule laid down
I
of Bantams
race
Hector, and the beginning of a new
(!),
them
!
H.
Come-outers
Intend to call
C, Galway.
"

"

can

me

"

Light Brahmas

as

have

never

them

even

upon

been

seen

will be dis-

terms

If the

with Darks.

answer

size,"the matter is at an end, for it cannot

judgeimposing this as a winning necessity
and I may
is acting partially,
almost say

unjustly.James

Long.

"

SHOW.

POULTRY

PALACE

CRYSTAL

CrystalPalace for me. No, my pets,you sha'n't go

Oar losses
there starvingin the cold in the middle of November.
last year were
a White
Fantail,a Golden Pheasant,and a pairof
Jacobins." Sach were my thoughts on going the rounds of my
fowl houses,the postman having justgiven me the catalogueof
There is something very curious about this
the coming Show.
On referringto 1869 I find eight of those having the
Show.
took
thirty-four
prizes; and in 1870 I find seven of
management
Now the
took fifty
the managing parties
prizesamongst them.
factory
thought suggestsitselfto my mind, Would it not be more satisrefrained from showing at all,
ifthese parties
particularly
as
some
amongst them are, I am informed,dealers in poultry,
Pigeons,"c. ? As I said before,it is very curious that a party
should be so very fortunate as to show
being on the Committee
fourteen pens of birds,and except for two, get prizesfor them
all. My own
was
case
very different. Feeling most anxious to
give the Crystal Palace Show a lift,I Bent sixteen lots,but
in
of seeing my name
took a prize. I had the honour
never
printas taking first prizefor a pair of Jacobins ; this I was told
is
have
It
but
one
mistake.
thing
quite
a
been,
might
was
into my possessionagain ; they
came
the birds never
certain,
stolen and another pair substituted for them, so this year
were
James Elgak, Ormantlwrpe
I mean
to keep my birds at home.
Hall, NnoarU.
"

No

more

"

POULTRY

CHEPSTOW

that Light Brahmas

to take a
never
are
positionin poultryexhibitions. Here we are vergrespectable
ing
the winter season
of 1871, and with the exception of
on
specialprizesoffered by the supportersot the variety,there is
chance for us, who admire
the Lights,to carry off
no
literally
in many
the first prize. The fact that
a singlecup, or
cases
the vast majorityof committees
givebut one class for Brahmas
such circumstances
IB lamentable,and to hope to be firstunder
of the
is to hope in vain ; for upon reference to back numbers
find
that
I
Journal I
am
compelled to give up the voyage of
bad
the
fact
is
a
as
job.
Still,
however,
thereby
discovery
rendered
apparent that out of the past thirteen exhibitions
degree of importance,only two gave Light
layingclaim to some
Brahmas
separateclasses,the whole of the remaining eleven
first prizesand cups being carried off by the Dark variety. In
the face of such a fact it is easilyunderstood
why there are so
few exhibitors of Lights. For my own
part I have been content
It is quite refreshingto
few and far between."
to exhibit
the Crystal
such prize lists as Southampton and
examine
tions
to believe that such exhibiPalace,and there is every reason
to

match

Increase the
be done, and any
feel that he
must
"

BRAHMAS.

LIGHT
It appears

"

"

is,

of

GAEDENEB.

COTTAGE

SHOW.

a horticultural
such that it is proposedto continue the
and
fine,
were
Brahmas
were
remarkably
annually. Light
exhibited
by several well-known prizewinners.The Pigeons were

This

show,

held

was

and

the

on

success

the 13th

in connection with
inst.,

was

Show

very

good.

Cocfcerels."Cup, Rev. J. D. Hoysted, Bradenstoke,

BE,viiMi PooTP.A
(Light)."
3 and he. .T. Pares, PostChippenham.
2, L. H. Packetts, Banwell, Somerset.
vhc, H. M. Maj-nard, Eyde,
ford, Guildtord.
4, T. A. Dean, Harden, Hereford,
2, P.ev. C. H. P. Abbott, "WithingPullets." 1, H. M. Mavnard.
Isle nl Wight.
Extra, H. M. Maynard; T. A.
S. J. Bloodworth, Cheltenham.
ton, Hereford.
Dean.
(Whole class highly commended.)
2, T. A. Dean.
PooTBi
Bbahiia
(Dark)." 1. Lient.-Col. Tickell, Cheltenham.
c, D. Lane,
Chicken.'!."!,G. F. Parrott, Henbury, Bristol. 2, W. Sims, Stroud,
"

,,

"

t,

Gloucester.
Cliickens."
2, 0. Bloodworth.
Cochin-china
(Any varietv) 1, T. A. Dean.
T. A. Dean.
iic.J. Long. Plymouth;
2, J. Bloodworth.
1, C. Bloodworth.
and 2, J. McConnell, Ewens
Harold,
DoEKiNos
(Any variety)." C/iicfccnji.-l
Hereford,
2 and
he, H. T.
CfticA-ens.-1, T. Jones, Swansea.
Game
(Any variety).Jarvis. Chepstow.
0 Phmley, VTolverhampand
Siianiiled."l,
B.iMBVKGSB."Golden-iiencilled
and
Spangled." 1, J.
Silver-ptncilled
ton.
2. F. Perrin, Ashley Vale. Bristol.
(Pencilled).
(Spangledi.2, J. McConnell
Carr, Hafod, Swansea
Gloucester.
2, J. McConnell.
C.
Taylor,
e, K.
Spanish
(Any variety)." 1,
"

",

.,

^,

.,

"

"

"

"

".

^^

tt

"

Barrett, Stroud.
Bantams.2, T. Moore, Cardiff. S, Lient.-Col.
1, G. Ashford, Newport.
Crucis.
he, F. A. C. Cooper, Ampney
Varietv."
Any
(SilverPoland). 2, Kev. N.
other
1,J. Hinton, 'Warminster
L.
Dean, St. Arvans, Chepstow (Light
J. Eidle.y,Newbury
(La Fleche). he,
(Houdans).
Chepstow
Brahma),
c, A. G. Lawrence,
"

Tickell.

,._

"

^.

"

(Black SpaniBh).
Class."
Coc?,or CocJ:crd."l,T. Eogers, Walsall
Seilikg
T. A.
2, K. Banc-tt, Strond (BlackSpomeb). he. Lieut.-Col. Tickell (Houdane) ;
PulMs.-i,3.
(Bnff Cochin). Eemor
iBrabna
Pootra); C. Bloodworfh
DeaD
(Lipht Bramna),
(Game Duck-sving). 2, L. Dean
S Phillips, Newport, Dion.
J. McConnell
(Black Spanish); T.
(Dark Brahma);
he C LTiine, Chepstow
E.
Eogers. lUiscellayieotis."l, C. Price, Penterry, Chepstow (Ducks). 2,yf.
(Ducks).
Eolman, Bayshill,Cheltenham
PIGEONS.
(2).
c, W. Cook, Swansea
BAP.B3." 1 and 2, H. Yardley, Birmingham,
1 and 2, H. Yardley.
Cjreiesb."
.,
vhc, J. F. Loversidge, Newark.
1 and
Fax-tails."
2, .1. Walker, Newark,
'

T. Dew, Weston-super-Mare.
'jacobins."
1,'e.'

"

.,

2, H. Yardley. c, F. Waitt,

KoDg's Heath, Biimingham.

; L, Dean.
c, E. T. Dew
NrNS."
1,H. Yai dley. 2, E. T. Dew.
H. Yardley; E. T. Dew.
c, W. Crook;
2, E. T. Dew.
PouTEES.1,W. Crook.
1 and 2, H. Yardley.
(Any variety).TuMELESs
3, H,
3, E, T. Dew.
W.
Crook
(Yellow
Magpies).
Vahiety."
1,
Any
othee
(IceBirds) ; J. H. WatkLns.
Yardley, c, W. Crook

(Light
Sioc^."Poiiliry or Birds (Any description). 1, L. Dean
(Light
/ic,T. A. Dean
(5). c, L. Dean
2, C. Lymie (Dark Brahma),
Brahmal
(2): J. Blood worth (Black Bantam); L.H. Rickets (LightBrahma) (2).
of pointsin aU classes, T. A. Dean.
Prize for the greatestnumber
ExTEA

"

Brahma).

E. H. Nicholas,Newport ; Mr. T. L. Brewer, Danny

Newport ; Mr. T. Davies, Wellington Park, Eedlands,
Bristol. Dr. Cottle,of Cheltenham, judgedthe Pigeons.
Mr.

Judges."

Craig,near

The
as

was

[ September 2

GABDENEB.

COTTAGE

AND

HOETICULTUEE

OF

JOUKNAIi

248

favourable,and

weather on the whole was

usual a iiuancial success.

told the Show

are

we

1871.

accustomed to see at this

not so good as we
are
The Sahhits were
largeShow; they were not bo carefullypenned. Half-bred shortgoras.
eared specimensshould not be mixed with Lops, and Lops with AnSurelyit cannot be that Middleton is losingits high character
bint will be sufficient,
and that a
I hope this friendly
for Eabbits.
better

be made

arrangement will

all shows
There

inconsiderable

no

at Middleton

were

Eabbits,which

for the

of
portion

form

now

at

the entries.
of

entries
forty-six
"

Lops,eight; Angoras,
variety,
; Any other

four
eight; Himalayan, eight; Silver-Greys,
of the classes were
class,eleven. In some
seven
; and in the Selling
goodspecimens.The Lop buck which carried off the firstprizewas
21} by 6 inches; and the second prize was
well entitled to it; ears

under
months old,which gives
seven
awarded to a Yellow and White
promise of a good Eabbit, and worthyof exhibition ; ears 21J by
4f inches.
not quiteequalto others we have seen
were
The Angoras, as a class,
either in size or fineness of wool,yet all seemed to have had

recently,

that

care

The

doe

them

bestowed upon

takingthe

so

first prize
was

essential to their showy appearance.

the list of honours.

placedon
justly

months
well-formed young Eabbit,seven
at future
old,and wUl, I doubt not,bs found in an enviable position
PIGEON
SHOW.
AND
shows.
POULTRY
MIDDLETON
that stood at the top of
rather small,yet one
The Himalayans were
excellence of
Show has longbeen noted for the general
MiDDLETON
well marked, and had no very near
the class was
approachin pointof
maintained the hish
Show fully
its poultry
and this year's
exhibitions,
but small,Eabbits were
In this class some
excellence.
well-marked,
be in the tion
recolleccharacter of previous
meetings. It will,probably,
infiuenced
in his opinionby size
found, and the Judge was probably
and Pigeonsare exhibited
of most of our readers that both the poultry
fanciers like in this variety.
rather than other points
and in past years exceedingly
in the open field,
at Middleton
fine specimens
of what this variety
The first-prize
Silver-Greys were
The Committee
drawback to success.
wet weather has provedno
common
should be,being largeand well silvered; and the second prizetakers
tingency
resolved to providefor so serious a conhave,however, wisely
of
I
the
much
generalsilvering
means
prefer
were
imperfect.
by no
future occasions. A few new
on
pens of novel construction
this varietyto the darker and at times irregular
patchesof shade one
this year, and if they prove equal
erected to test their sufficiency
"were
used to see.
the same
to the anticipated
out
planwill be adoptedthroughrequirements
in size. Mr.
class contained the opposites
The Any other variety
the collection. The whole of the fronts of these new
pens are of
with
contrasting
S. G. Hudson's
BelgianHare was a fine specimen,
pared
the birds to considerable advantage as comthin ii'on rods,exhibiting
Dutch as second prize. May I not
this gentleman'sBlack and White
The sides and backs are of
use.
to those show pens in ordinary
it the latter varietyshould not have four white feet instead of two
ask
plainwoodwork ; the roof slopesoif to the back, and being covered
?
to be worthy of any honourable
position
sudden rains are amply provided
against
with a waterproof
;
sheeting,
and
The Sellingclass contained the usual miscellaneous collection,
and, we must add, when not in use these pens are so constructed as to the Yellow and White
Mr.
doe
J.
of
Boyle,and an Angora,were
Lop
fold up into a space few would believe possible.Again,a shutter
their position.
It hangs both worthy
after nightfall.
closingon hingesforms ample protection
this Show by
I regret to have to conclude my remarks respecting
from view
down below the pens during the show time,hiding entirely
of sundry
that
by reason
some
specimenshad to be disqualified
saying
the travelling
baskets,which,being placedbeneath the pens, are quite
and I trust this is the last occasion I shall have to record
No
from heavyrains.
breakage of tails can occur in these tamperings, I
preserved
numerous
have
record
more
future
to
in
to
such practices. hope
two little improvementswhich at once
suggest
pens, but there are
of the
would suggest that at this late season
and certainly
at first sight. entries,
even
themselves to the mind of any practical
observer,
wUl
not be more
the Eabbits should be under
canvas, and that
closer for year
One is that the ironwork
at the fronts should be somewhat
from
when
from
their
coming
than requisite
for
cold,especially
safety
ing
the 3 inches on each side of the pen to prevent the cocks from fightEatson.
Chakles
such a temperatureas that of their hutches.
The

buck
second-prize

was

"

; the other

if
equal,

is of

not

greaterimportance,as

the

present

Game

fBIack-hrcasted and other Beds).- OhicA-cns." I, C. Chaloncr. WhitweU,

CJnstrnetion of the doors rather aids than defeats the attempts at

S, E. Brouah, BallhaycPark, Leek.
Chesterfield. 2, T. Statter,jun., WhiteBeld.
have of late been by far too general. The
2. E. Mann, Wallfleld, stand, Pilkington.
theft that rnfortnnately
Cockerel"
Cnv, A. Milnes, ttochdale.
J. Spencer, Clayton, Bradford; E.
the full height he, J. Fletcher, Stoneclough, Manchester;
doors, as at present constructed,
simplyopen sideways,
c, O. Chaloner.
Mann
; E. Ayki'oyd, Eccleshill, Leeds,
fixed inside on
the
oE the front,being fastened by an iron "nut"
1 and
Cup, T. P. Lyon, Knotty Ash.
Game
(Any other variety).- C/ticfccKS.c, J.
he, S. Matthew,
2 Barker
8, C. Chaloner.
bottom
" Charnock, lUingivorth.
by the door turningon one
bar,the hinge being accomplished
.T.
Picldes.
Banks,
Mytholmroyd. 2, T. P. Lyon. .3, C.
Cockerel" \,
Fletcher.
To this arrangement there
of the bars that run from top to bottom.
2, C.
Pullets"
\ and Cup, W. H. L. Clare, Twycross, Atherstone.
Chaloner.
door
that
the
tirely
en: first,
at least two evident objections
are
opening
4, T. P. Lyon.
Chaloner.
8. J. Fletcher.
2, Mrs.
Wolverhampton.
of
Standiford,
and
J.
Game
some
Walker.
from top to bottom
Hamburghs,
Spanish."
CfticA-ciw.-l,
fowls,
gives
and
Bedmmater.
he. Clews
of escape whilst being AIlsopp, Hindlip Hall, Worcester. 8, Mrs. Hyde, Cockerel.
the most
active poultry,abundant
opportunity
1 and Cup, Mrs.
" F. Pickard, Thomer.
c, W.
Adkins, Walsall,
Dale, Northallerton. Pullet^."
by the Judges, whilst theft would be Allaopp. 2, C. W. Brierlev. Middleton.
c, H.
penned,repacked,or inspected
.

.^

"

,.

,,

"

during the time of the Show

easilyaccomplished,if attempted,
to visitors. We
suggestthat it the doors slidup, with part
birds prove more
difficult
of
would
bar
the
not
affixed, only
top
of the
but also the sudden rising
to the dishonestly
access
disposed,
be apt to attract
would
certainly
top above the heads of bystanders
and thus,to a certain extent, obviate robbery.
attention,

more

beingopen
of the

first-class chickens competed,

and
About
fivehundred
pens of really
exhibited in this district. Although
never
was
more
worthydisplay
and
Brown
Eeds
to
the Game fowls were
expectation.
quiteequal
Piles showed in best condition,the last-named varietytakingthe Game
but
the
Brahmas
The Spanishwere
comprised
uniformlygood,
cup.
a

show
some

birds of the best individual excellence that have been seen for
The cock shown by Lady
of the year.
past at this season

years

Gwydyr

was

very

grand

looking in not

but
specimen,

quiteso good

2, H. Dale.
1, J. Walker, Standiford. Wolverhampton.
,
Soarsdale,
Cup, Mrs. Arkivright,Sutton
C/iict-cns. 1 and
DORKIVGS.
he, 1.
3, J. J. Waller, Jvendal.
Chesterdeld.
2, J. Martin, Claines, Worcester.
W.
R.
Northallerton;
J. \\'hile,Warlabv,
Bichardsop,
E
Kell, Wetherhy:
H. King, Kochhe,y!.
Beverley. Cockercl.-\, .1.Martin. 2, Mrs. Arkwright.
2, Mrs. Arkwright. c, T. Statter,jun, ; E. Leech,
dale. Palicis.- 1, T. E. Kell,
Rochdale; J. H. Wilson, St. Bees.
"to
,,
""
,~
W.
2.
Top, Bacup,
C/iicirns.-l, W. Hargreaves, HuUock
Pootea.Brahma
Market.
erecting, Nocdham
Lingwood,
3, Horace
A
Tavlor, Manchester,
field
ChesterMount, St. Helens ; Dr. Holmes, Whitecotes,
he T.'F.Ansdell, Cowley
Cockcrel."\ ;.nd Lup, Lady
Rochdale
; J. Long, Plymouth.
; J, Ashworth,
Mrs.
A. B.
he, Hon.
Stoke Park, Ipswich. 2. J. Ashworth, Rochdale,
Gw^"dvr,
Pullets."\. Mrs. Arlnvright.
; J. Ashworth.
; T. F. AnsdeU
Hamilton, Woburn
(2); M. Leno, Markyate
Lingwood.
he, Hon. Mrs. A. B. Hamilton
2, Horace
Eiddmg
; R. Hargicavca,
e, W. Hargreaves
Street, Dunstable ; Lady Gwydyr.
H. Butler.
; W
; J. Ashworth
Wa'er. Delph ; T. A. Dean. Moreton-on-Lugg
CTiic/ccns.
1, Cup, and 8, A. faylor.
(Buff aud Cinnamon).Cochin-China
CocfccreJ."
1. Lady
E.
Leech.
he.
Hall, Keighley.
2, C, Sidgwick, Eyddlesden
PullcU."
tie,T. M. Dorry, Godney, Wisbeach.
Gwvdvr.
2, W. A. Taylor,
J.
2, Mrs. AIlsopp. he, W. A. Taylor; J. Sichel, Timporloy;
S'idgwick,
1. C'.
,

"

,.

"

"

"

continued exhibition inevitably

show trim as when
last exhibited,
as
Honley, Huddersfield.
tellshardlyeven on the best-constitutionedpoultry.Mrs. Arkwright'sHey,
Horace
Cochin-china
(Any other variety)." ChicfccM."l and 2,C. Sulgwick. 3,
remark.
Cochins were
Lingwood.
2, J. K. Fowlor,
Brahma
Cocfo-rci.-l, Horace
puUetswere also worthy of particular
Lingwood.
c, W. A.'Taylor.
A. Taylor.
so.
(a Aylesbury, c, C. Sidgwick ; E. Leech. PuUcto.-l,C. sidgwick. 2.W.
Silver-pencilled
unusually good, and the Hamburghs equally
C/uc"iw.-l, J. Wrigley, Tongo Hall. MiddleHambotghs
(Gold-oencilled)."
rare
occurrence)took the Hamburgh cup. The C'reve-Cmurs were far ton. 2, H. Beldon. Goitstock, Bingley. 8, Miss M. E. Wngley, Tonge Hall,
mustered at
never
the best of the French
Middleton.
fowls,and the Waterfowls
he, H. Pickles, jun., Earby, Skipton. Cocfccrc;." 1,H. Pioklos, 3un.
"
"ifloy,
; Miss
2 J. Wri"lev.
he. W. E. Walker, lleaton Park, Middleton
Middleton more
as to general
quality.
perfect
11.
Puthts-l.Vi.
Halifax.
Middleton; S. Smith, Northowrani,
riers Tonge Hall,'
and thoughsome
of the Car\\ lutby.
In Puieons,Almonds
J. Webster.
were
first-class,
Ticlmer, Ipswich. 2, H. Pickles, jun, (ic,J. Wrigley :
Komlal.
H. M. Mann
aud
time
Cup,
excellent
lacked
birds,
moulting
were
(SUvev-pencilled).-C)MCteim.-l
Haiioueoiis
condition,they
sadly
PuHctb." 1, H.
Coc/.rrci"l, H. Pickles, jun. 2, H. Beldon,
2.H. Beldon.
being the only cause of their shortcoming. Turbits and Fantails were
^

good, and
really
numbers

and

the

also

class for

.-,.

Mr.

to

was
so

tt

Man.
one
was
good as to '^fll'SiDEiS'
T. Scholcs. Hollinwood,
equally
('GohMp''angled).-C;.ictfns.-l,
t.
ftc,T.
8, T. Boulton, Hanfoi-d, s ,.k,- on-Trc
Chester.
Yardley'spen, so much
2, N. Marlor, Denton.
jun.
Coekerel.-\, 11. 1 icUos
Brighton, Cheshire.
trimming, stood again first, Scholes; J. Statter. New Manchester,
.1.
Heywou.l
lluckloy,
lie,E, Briorlcy.
2, J. Ogdon, Chadderton,
.Manchester.
for trimmingby AshtoS-uuder-LTOO.
disqualified
Pii/(,'(s.-l andZ, J. Chadderton, HoUmwood,
he, T. May, Wolverhampton,
good as that of last year.

Dragoons

quality.In Nuns,

noticed of late in the discussion as

whilst a pen of another exhibitor
scissors. The Variety
class was not

"

JOUKNAL

250

OF

AND

HORTICULTOKE

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

[ September

28, 1871.

have been expended in their purchase,and the

of money
sums
highestpremiums have been awarded to them at our exhibitions,
though the competitionin the "Any variety class is generally
strong. We know of one pair that have been competitorsat
most of our
publicshows, and have won
upwards of "60 in
" Preen
Smith
in one
bird in a hundred.
cap is sach as is not seen
prizes. The scarcityof these birds,their deUcacy of colour
class
the
in
commended
and
Silver
on
again
;
also
were
very highly
of
and high value, are the primary causes
and constitution,
whether
it was
their
to my
notes, I cannot
say positively
referring
By
their not appearing more
frequentlyat our exhibitions.
rather clondy. If I have been
bird or Mr. Ritchie's pen which was
the
the importationsthat have been received recentlyby us
the saddle on the wrong horse I must be excused.
putting
breed may become
more
generallyknown ere long.
In Greens, Mr. Lawson, Saltburn,won
by condition. The second
follows : The head is
The points of the Satinette are
as
backward.
was
bird (J.Stevens),
Mr. Bulmer's iirst round ; the beak short,strong,and flesh-coloured; the eye ia
a splendidclass.
The "Any other variety was
Variegated Yellow Belgian. Messrs. Bnrniston were
a high-class
was
large and dark; the neck is gentlytapered,and well arched;
and
second
with a good Evenly-markedYellow Yorkshire ; Moore
be well defined
the breast prominent, and a large frill must
Mr.
and
Hawmau
third
Cinnamon
with
a
Variegated-crested
;
Wynn
from the neck to the breast ; the body small and compact ; the
extra third with an Evenly-markedCross-bred.
covered
to the nails ;
and
well
feet
entirely
feathered,
legs and
VariegatedMules were few, and with the exceptionof the first the carriageof the bird must
be erect,and in most pointsof
district
The
backward.
Dark
Mules
were
(Stevens),
Jonque
poor.
The head, neck,breast,
to the Owl.
form bearingresemblance
W, A. Blakston.
entries showed a marked improvementon last year.
belly,thighs,and lower part of back pure white ; on the sides
of wings,primary coverts, and saddle of back is a ground tint
SOCIETY.
wards
NATIONAL
PERISTERONIC
of a light and delicate pinkish brown, deepening in tone tothe edges of each feather,and
terminating in a fine
The
of this well-known
first Show for the season
Societytook
placeon the 19th inst.,at the Freemasons' Hall. It consisted entirelyblack fringe upon all the smaller feathers on the sides and
of young birds bred this season,
shoulders of wing ; the coverts, however, are not fringedwith
and, if we mistake not,we saw several
but after
Here theydo not compete for prizes,
with all the feathers
future prizewinners.
black at the edges,but they,in company
11
8
the
return
to
members
the
well
from
to
scanned
are
p.m.,
the brownish
colour is visible,
by
which
being
distinctivelyupon
in beauty of plumage and
the worse
another
same
or
cote, none
is a varietyof
Thus
there
black
marked
with
spear points.
of this Society are
condition. For these the birds of the members
coloured
brown
rich
shades
of
feather,
graduated
upon
every
grand Black bordered
justlycelebrated. Amongst the gems we noticed some
burgh
by a fringeof black,such as may be seen in the Hamand Dun
Carriers from Messrs. Hedley and Ord ; good pens of Blues
The tail of the bird is of a slateyblue colour,
fowls.
and
Silver Carriers from Mr. B. Ford, of Weymouth; a pen of very
band
of black at its extremity; in the centre of
good Yellow Dragoons and Jacobins from Mr. Betty; a pen of the with a broad
this band, and upon
each of the twelve feathers of which the
for some
time ; also various other breeds
best Barbs we have
seen
be a distinct and well-defined white"
should
is
tail
from differentmembers.
comprised,
drawn half real size).
spot (seeaccompanying sketch of feather,
excellent caps and spangles.Mr. Eitchie's Silver lien
is not seen
of those birds the like of which
every day. She
if
the worse
might have been better capped, and she would be none
her
but
defined
all-in-allshe is
the larger
more
;
were
taking
spangles
The mottle on the neck behind the
water.
one's month
a bird to make

qnalitywith
one

was

"

"

"

"

THE
We

now

turn

onr

Pigeon,althoughin

SATINETTE.

attention

to this most

of
beautiful variety

from our
doing we depart somewhat
proposed course ; but having received namefous
inquiriesfor a
deem it advisable to give the inof the breed,we
formation
description
to our opinions.
have and publicity
we
Satinette is the name
in
by which the breed is distinguished
and
feather is dissimilar to any other variety,
being given to them on their first appearEngland, that name
This peculiar
ance
and by that name
at our
public exhibitions,
they will be forms one of the chief characteristics of the breed. Fanciers
best known, therefore we
to us
adopt the name, which seems
can
easilyimagine the extremely beautiful and novel appearance
not

an

so

one
inappropriate

; but

theyare

not

known

by

that

of

of these birds.
flight

we
Birmingham
Unfortunately,

in the East, whence

The
the birds in all their native beauty,yet
Satinette is of fanciers may possess
they came.
foreignorigin,and has not only been cultivated and perfected must admire them within their loft or through the wires of the
abroad,but, being so highlyprized and so much admired, has
aviarywithin which they are imprisoned,for were we to give
been kept almost exclusively
by those fanciers whose diligence, them libertythe sight would assuredlyastonish the
flying
of raisingsuch charming fraternity"
of our Pigeon-keeping town, and might lead either
care, and skillhave been the means
"
littlepets ; for their own
it may have been, to the Pigeons or the flyingfraternity going astray."
specialamusement
but it will,doubtless,
result in eliciting
the high praise of all
the wing, and in its native
The Satinette is very active on
true ploversof the beautiful. To the Mahommedau
Pigeon- clime is said to flylong and well,and in compact bodies ; but,
the
lot to see many
on
keepera the credit of producing this varietyisdue. They seem
have said,it has not been our
as we
to have pursued their study of Pigeonsat least with a refined wing, still we
have
them
have seen
at large,a few of which
taste for the beautiful,
such as it would
be well for us to endeavour entire liberty
alwayswith us, and undoubtedly thrive better for
to emulate.
The
Satinette may be said now
delicate variety;they are
a
to be a
it. Satinettes are
good breeders,
native
of Smyrna, a
of strongerconof
in
The
of foster-parents
town
Asiatic
stitution
use
Natolia,
but bad feeders.
seaport
is advantageous, as
for the rearing of their young
Turkey, but we believe the breed was originallypropagated
farther east by an
aged follower of Mahomet, who, alone and
they are too apt to desert their young, or only half feed them.
unaided, with untiring zeal in his efforts to establish these
will rear
and raise their young well,but, as a rule,they
Some
beautiful spangledPigeons,prosecutedhis study of the
sacred
not to be trusted.
are
Dove " until perfectspecimens of the kind were
abundant in
Satinettes are very changeable in their plumage. When
his flock,
of which were, as an especial
some
hogany
favour,presented young, and before their first moult, theyare of a sort of maand fellowcolour pencilled with
(abouttwenty years ago)to our excellent member
black, and certainlynot very
but on the appeartaken
fancier,H. P. Caridia,Esq. They were
by him to attractive at that period of their existence,
ance
feathers we
of the first new
Smyrna, where he raised,distributed,and left many of the
acquire an idea of what we
breed,bringingwith him to England (sixteenyears ago) the may expectwhen the entire body has suffered a similar change;
first(abouttwelve pairs)
of the kind that were
the
much
into
contrast
colours
becomes
in
introduced
the
strongerand the
this country.
and what might be supposed to be an
distinct,
markings more
Of the exploitsof this breed
of Pigeons as prizetakers inferior bird before the moult
often developes
into a grand
fanciers are aware, for to exhibit them was to win.
deed, specimen.
Inmany
no
It may here be observed that Satinettes,
judge with a proper appreciationof either form or
like all other Pigeons,
feather could pass them
by without awarding the badge of do not breed all perfectand true ; some
are
foul-feathered,
the
have
merit, for,as will be seen
others have flat
are
by
some
clean-legged,
frills,
poor
accompanying illustration,some
the Satinette is a paragon
of beauty.
in
is
tinct
but
all
there
of
them
traceable
the one disclearly
heads,
This exquisite
little Pigeon will compare
with any
and highlymeritorious breed of Pigeon.
favourably
known
breed in form and feather,and what the Sebright
There is of the Satinette family a very beautiful sub-variety
JBantam IS among
fanciers these offshoots
poultrysuch is the Satinette among Pigeons, which they occasionally
breed,and by some
ihe
Satinette is a great acquisition
to our
English stock,and
may be preferred to the Satinettes themselves ; theyere
appears to have been appreciatedby English fanciers. Large
brown
called Brunettes.
have
a
lightpinkish
They
plumage,
name

"

"

Septemhsr 28, 1871. ]

JOURNAL

OF

AND

HOETICULTUBE

but of a much lighter

with similar markings to the Satinette,
black or bluish oast,
delicate colour,there being no
and more
but
in
the
generalappearance they
Satinette,
enoh as is seen in
marble
a
dappled
aspect. These birds show
present regularly
"a., but the markings are
all the excellenciesin form, carriage,
not so strong and oonapiouons. The Satinette proper has a
plainhead, but there are some of the varietythat have crested
and by many
would
heads, and they,too, are very attractive,
be chosen in preferenceto the Satinette. Those peaked or
in
all
the
fashion
Smyrna. They have, no
crested are now
the Satinette
between
crosses
doubt,been raised by judicions

COTTAGE

251

GABDENEE.

and the Pencilled Tarbit of the same country,which is scarcely

less beautiful.
but with
of the Satinette,
in praise
We could say much more
conclude. The climate of
to food we will now
a few words
as
hot ; in consequence the birds there feed
Turkey is excessively
on
hemp seed alone,but fanciers of the breed in this country
Occasionallyhemp
must not follow out that as a staplefood.
seed is useful and necessary, but to feed on that alone in this
in death.
Vetches,small Indian
will result

inevitably

country

occasional
corn, buckwheat, and old English wheat, with an
of hemp seed,will be found to suit the constitution
sprinkling

of the Satinette very well. Care must, of course, be taken to

feed moderately
; give clean water
daily,and keep the birds
prevent an over-gorge ; never suffer food to remain unconsnmed
and dry always. If these precautionsare adoptedwe
warm
from one
meal to another ; keep your
birds with a keen appeno
see
reason
why the Satinette may not be in profusion
tite,
or the sudden
change from greasy hemp to the more
stantial
subBirmingham
Columbakian Society. J. W. Ludamongst us.
grain may prove too much for their digestivepowers'; lov),
Secretary.
"

"

LIGURIANS
I

IN

JERSEY"

THE

HONEY

HARVEST.

not purpose now

to giveany account of what my stocks
have done this season, but I wish to bring before the notice of
curious circumstance in connection
your readers a somewhat
with my bees.
Out of four stocks of bees I have two pure Ligurians,and
these are, as far as I know, the onlystocks in the island. What

else,and found Ligurians in that also. It would seem

as though all the black stocks within
two miles of mine have
Ligurian bees in them, all of which must evidently
have

not.

?" D. N.,Cantab.
bee-keeping

DO

where

deserted from my hives.

All these hives were
either in the
midst of or near
to the heather,but I am distant about a mile
from it.
was
my astonishment,then, on
The honey harvest here has been decidedly
going to drive a hive about a
good,better than
mile distant,
to discover a number
of Ligurians livingpeacefor several years past,though up to the end of June the bees
ably
with the blacks. I looked to see if
made
little or no
any of the adjoininghad
honey. YesterdayI weighed a hive
stocks were
Ligurians,thinkingI might possiblyhave lost a tenanted by a swarm
of this year ; it contained at least 45 lbs.
without knowing it,for I was absent from home when
swarm
of honey, and this is a fair sample of what strong stocks have
my bees swarmed
; but a close scrutiny
done here this year.
This is strange,
proved that this was
as the honey harvest has
not the case.
been so bad elsewhere ; but in the summer
of 1868, so favourable
A few days afterwards I went to drive another hive,distant
in many
just
places,stocks here grew lighterafter the middle
two miles in a bee line ; again I was
instead of getting
siderable of June
surprisedto find a conheavier. The honey,however,owing
number
of Liguriansliving
in it in company
with the
much
perhaps to the wet season, seems
thinner than it was
black inhabitants. In this case also I looked to see if
last year.
Can
if the
any of
any of your correspondentstell me
the adjoining
stocks were
but
Ligurians,
of BishopAuckland,Durham, is favourable for
were
they evidently
neighbourhood

Since this an

friend went to drive a hive

apiarian

some-

OF

JOUBNAIi

252

HORTICULTURE

COTTAGE

AND

[ September 28,1871.

GARDENER.

It is
often been attempted, but never,
so far as we
know, with success.
BOX.
LETTER
Mr.
impossible to make the wild birds return for long to a Pigeon house.
Shows
Stokesley
(H. P. and
and
Noethallerton,
Brent had a hen Wood
Pigeon which paired with a cock Dragoon, but
worth advertising, they had no
not
concluded
were
they
Committees
the
Xb
others)."
young.
worth reporting.
Trimmisg
Allerton
Pigeon
at
do not consider them
{Examiner and others).We cannot
we
Bingley
Show."
Mr. C. Sidgwick took both
the subject.
at
insert more
on
Hamburghs
Black
informed.
are
we
Fighting
'J. H. B.). Nothing
Canaries
but separating them will put
firstand second prizes,
two or more
of the most
(Inquirer)."You. do not give ns data enough to frame
can
Dying
a stop to the ploating, but you
try whether
Chickens
old
How
You
begin with a string of questions,so will we.
peaceably disposed v/ill live together quietly."W. A. B.
answer.
an
?
Is
the
hen at liberty Have they access
Eye
Blind
Rabbit
One
"The
blindness of a Rabbit is
with
(Edith).
they ? Where do they roost ?
are
At what age are
to cold air.
they fed in the morning?
The appearance
often caused
At what hour are
by exposure
presented by
to grass?
Have
they a grass run ? If they have
milk
and water.
Keep the
yours suggests bathing the eye with warm
they attacked with the disorder ?
While
await
the hutch clean
and free from the smell of ammonia
you
Rabbit warm,
as
what are the artificial appliances resorted to ?
not
be
consult
dose
a veterinary surgeon.
them plentifullywith bread and ale,and let them
this fail,
much
We do
as possible. Should
yotir answer,
not think it infectious,
yet for the sake of quiet it will be advisable to
fed at davbreak.
golden keep it alone for a while. Give carrots,turnips, oats (crushed), a little
Bantams
{J.F. C). They have lighter,that is,more
Wheaten
of wheat.
The
wet.
bran, no beans, but littlegreen food, and that never
hackles, and breasts the colour of a newly-gathered com
Black
The
of Game
Red.
or
A
is that of a Black
Constant
Beader
wishes for information
the
eyes
Chameleons.
rest of the colour
upon
perative
imnot
It
however,
in
is,
are
in a fernery daring winter.
important.
sight
perfect
Bantams
being
feeding and keeping of chameleons
should be small in
that all should be alike. A Black Bantam
size,have a firm double comb, a purely white deaf ear, and blue legs ;
Mr, Henry
Lane died on the 16feh inst.,
at the age of 45,
the tails should be scanty, and carried rather drooping than otherwise.
The sickles cannot be too long.
He had only been ill a week of gastric
fever. He was one of
"know
no
breed
HAMBCRGng
Hambu,Tgh)."'WQ
Black
(Black
Breeding
earliest breeders of Spanish fowls.
our
of black fowls in which the cock is not subject to coloured feathers. They
red, and are to be found in Spanish, Polish,and all others.
are
generally
are
reason.
Black
discarded for this
Hamburghs
were
METEOROLOGICAL
OBSERVATIONS,
Black Cochins
of their component
parts will creep out. We
Camden
manufactured, and some
Square, London.
would not bre^d from a bird that had coloured feathers in his body, but
Lat. 51" 32' 40" N. ; Long. 0" 8' 0" W. ; Altitude 111 feet.
We
have
of three or four in his hackle.
should not hesitate because
we
You
must
not be discouraged,
doubt you can select an exhibition pen.
no
time to establish a breed.
but must recollect it takes some
Cock's Face
(M.). If your Spanish cock has not naturally a
Spanish
If a Spanish cock has not a white
make it white.
white face you cannot
will have one, and as an
old he never
or
eight months
face at seven
exhibition bird is worthless.
is
Bantam
Cock
Red
{Far TFeBi)."The white down
Black-breasted
not desirable,bat it is not important. The brown feathers on the breast
the
Red.
of
The
not
Black
is
and
a
drooping
a
Brown
merely prove he
wings is a grave fault,and if you have other birds to choose from take
The red
free from
it,rather than breed from the bird you mention.
one
feathers would disqualifyin a class where the competition is confined to

OUR

Market

Drayton,

"

"

"

"

"

Black

Reds.

Becoming
Blind
(E. H., Beigate)."Yonv chickens have the
arise from
have been caught from the mother, or it may
It may
at this time of year
insufficient feeding or from a bad locality. Chickens
attention than those that are hatched enrlier. The nights
more
want much
are
gettinglonger than the days, and every day the temperature is lower.
they should be fed at
Now, to be successful in chickens it is necessary
When
daybreak always, at this time of year soon after half-past five._
the
after being fed,
frost
or
white
dew
chickens,
is
there
a very
heavy
feed her also, that she
should be driven back into the rip with the hen"
is up and
about
till the sun
rest satisfied" and not allowed to run
may
at
are
At 6 p.m. the chickens
the grass is dry. Reflect for a moment.
is called firstthing in the morning, which
If they are fed at what
roost.
is now
about seven,
they have been thirteen hours without food: there is
all the
strength in that. If you have named
neither growth, health,nor
It would not be enough in May or June.
food yoti give it is not enoueh.
and
in
must
he'
chopped
fed as
February"
January
At this time they
cooked meat, bread and ale, boiled egg chopped fine,grits,bread and
milk, dough, and they should have beer to drink. As the atmosphere
whether
We doubt
generous.
falls in temperature the food must be more
bread
on
put them at once
any of the brood, but you must
you will save
in
is
which
the
the
rip put have
place
and strong beer. If their house or
the complaint from
flooring,either will cause
a wooden, stone, or brick
which the chickens are suffering. If the hen is allowed to run about with
of the year it is
At this season
be the cause.
the chickens, that may
Chickens

roup.

better she should be shut up.

Cockerel
Cochin
Buff
(Xcmon Biyf)." The cockerel,five
Weight
of
8 lbs.,is very heavy. One
pound per month
months
old,weighing over
Yours
has
made
more
than lA lb.
and
weighing.
is good growth
thing for peopleto praise
(A. TT.).-It is a very common
China Geese
They would be ungrateful if they did not,
things that are given to them.
"
not to look a gifthorse in the mouth."
and would forgetthe old adage,
That
our
ence
experiwas
of birds, sell them.
If you want to test the value
Our opinion
made
of them.
great weight, but not good meat.
They
is that the domestic Goose is the best table bird of the tribe, and that of
is again the beat. It is many
these a real stubble-fed one
years since we
Geese, and we believe the true breed has disappeared. We
saw
any Swan
have them in an old painting. They not only have long taper neck^, hut
quire
Goose eggs are excellent,but they rethey have not the yellow knob.
to be eaten fresh.
Silver
Buff
Cochin
Cockerel
(A Coytstant
of
Cinnamon
Plumage
One
is
Cochin cocks.
Suyscnher)." There are two colours for Cinnamon
all over the colour of a piece of wetted cinnamon
; the other is a French
the
all
the
especially
of
dark
over
with
gamboge
plumage,
splashes
white,
The term Silver Bufi" is a mistake, it should be Silver Ciunamon.
hackle.
French
a
is no
such bird as a Silver Buflf. The hen should have
There
The hackle should
white body with light,nearly white, under feathers.
be a very dark yellow, like the colour of gamboge, before it is rubbed.
Polands
Spangled
White-crested
and
(A. TTj/^ie).-Mr. Vivian, of
in France
as white
common
used to show them, and they were
Swansea,
"
of them.
We have seen
They should be bearded, and
Padoues."
many
rules apply to
spikes. The same
should have neither wattles,horns, nor
All Polands
are
subject to what one of their great
Spangled Polands.
"
admirers, who objects to the term hump-backed, calls curvature of the
"

spine."

20th.

REMARKS.
dull, cloudy, and cold day, except for a short time in the after
finer in the country.
hut I suspect much
Fine
all day, but rather
chillyat night.
A very fine day, but with quite an autumnal
temperature.
and
but
more
Fine morning,"
getting gradually more
cloudy till
8 SO, when
slight rain began to fall,and continued
getting rather
time
which
it rained
heavier till midnight, about
heavily,
very
nearly an inch having fallen between 9 p.m. on Saturday and 9 a.m.
12 and 2.
on
Sunday, the greaterportion having fallen between
Rather dull morning, but quite bright and fine in the afternoon.
after S p ac., and
Fine in early morning, but began to rain soon
tillmidnieht.
continued
Fine
in morning, but cloudy and cold after,and during the middle
of the day very
dark, but brighter towards evening; fine night,
G. J. .Symons.
lunar
halo at 10 p.m."
A

"

noon,

21st.
"

22nd.

23rd.

"

"

24th.
25th.
26th.

"

"

"

GARDEN

COVENT

B. d.

Apples
Apricots

27.

Cherries
Chestnuts
Currants
Black

Figs

B. d.

Mulberries
Nectarines

Jsieve

2
0
doz.
lb- 0
bushel
0
0
i sieve
do.
0
doz.
1
lb. 0
lb. 0

Filberts
Cobs
Gooseberries
Grapes, Hothouse....
Lemons
Melons

quart
lb.

^100
each

1
8
2

0
0
0

lb.
doz.

Pears, kitchen
dessert
Pine Apples
Plums

0
0

6
6
0

Quinces

Raspberries
Strawberries
Walnuts
ditto

0
0

8. d.
s. d.
0 6 to 1

"^100 20

Oranffes
Peaches

doz.
doz.
doz.
lb.

jsieve

4
3
2

0
0
0
0

S
3

doz.
0
lb. 6
lb. 0
bushel
10
1
^100

VEGETABLBS.
B. d.

doz.

Artichokes
^100.
Asparagus
Beans, Kidney.. ..J sievo
bushel
Broad
doz.
Red
Beet,
bundle
Broccoli
Brussels Sprouts..i sieve
doz.
Cabbage
^100
Capsicums

I request you to publish this

Non-prepayment."
or
Consequences
bunch
Carrots
I applied to the police Cauliflower
Ellison.
doz.
farther information respecting the man
bundle
that he is well known, and that his
Celery
was
concerning him, and their answer
doz. bunches
since
I have
ceived Coleworts..
reis Kilshaw, and that I must
real name
get a warrant.
each
Cucumbers
Eastham,
to a gentleman in Lancashire, from
a letter addressed
doz.
pickling
The letter is exactly the same
Cheshire, and signed *' R. Tomlinson."
doz.
EndiTQ
a?i mine
in writing and style,only in deeper mourning 1 The publication Fennel
hunch
Fred.
letter in your
warned
of my
this gentleman in time.
columns
lb.
Garlic
Temple
bunch
WantHckshire.
Herbs
Hillyard, Southam,
bundle
Crossing
Horseradish
the
Wood
Pigeon
with
the
Domestic
(Cr"8a)."This has
"

September

MARKET."

have been moderate

throughout the week, with a steady
Supplies
demand.
SpaniBh and Jersey Grapes are coming to hand in considerable
to
6rf.per lb.,but none
have keeping
Is.
from
9d.
prices
ranging
bulk,
and Muscats, are
Grapes, both Hamburghs
qualities. Good hothouse
sufficient for the trade. The Potato trade is heavy at former prices,supplies
being large both by rail and water.

0
0
0
0
2
0
2

S.

4 too
0
0
0
0
0
6
0

bunch
doz.
Lettuce
Mushrooms
pottle
" Cress, .pxmnet
Mustai'd
Onions
doz. bunches
per

LeekB

pickling
Parsley

quart
sieve
doz.

Parsnips

1
0
8
1
2
0
3
2

6
6

Peas
Potatoes

Savoys
Sea-kale
Shallots
Spinach

Tomatoes

8
0

Turnips
pxegetableMarrows, .doz.

G
0
6

0
0

quart
bushel

Kidacy
Radishes.,
Rhubarb

doz.

do.
bunches
bundle
doz.

basket
lb.
bushel
doz.
bunch

StoO
8

1
'

0
3

October

JOUENAL

5, 1871. ]

OP

CALENDAR-

WEEKLY
Day

Day

of

of
Week.

Month

Average

5"11, 1871.

OCTOBER

ture near

TemperaLondon,

]Rain
i'i

in

Sun
Eiaee.

years.

Days.
P

S
StJN

10
11

To
W

Daybre-iks 4h. lOtn.

18

Sunday

Trinity,

AriJEK

begins.
Oxford
Meeting of Royal Microscopical Society.
Term

Michaelmas

From

observations
47.1". The
1.08 inch.

THE

taken

near

London

greatestheat

was

SEASON"

ROSE

during forty-three years,

80'^ on the 5th, 1834; and

ROSES.

58.0
68.7
58.6
67.6
67.8

h.

m.

9af6
10
6
12
6
14
6
16
6
S
17
6
19

18
2)

Tn
6
7
8

2S3

GARDENEE.

COTTAGE

AND

HOETICULTUEE

19
19
19
21

11

Sim
Sots.

m.

h.

30af 5

Moon

Moon
Rises.

aots.

h.
13 af 1

h.

m.

m.

3af9
BO
48

9
10

54

11

Age.
Days.
21

Clock

Day

after
Sun.

of
Year.

m.

B.

11

29

12
12
12
13

21
38
54
9

{
23
24
25

morn.

4
20

Moon's

26
27

1
2

thf

niS"
69:7". ifa
of ram

perature
tem-

and Mdlle. Marie

Rady, *Marquisede

Castel-

^d
week is
the average day temperature of
The
gieatest faU
the lowest cold 2o", on the llth, 1860.

Annie

Wood

278
279
280
281
282

was

de
lane,Marechal Vaillant,Maurice Bernardin, Marguerite
* Perfection de
Lyon, Pierre Netting,Prince
firstbloom of Roses this year and last St. Amand,
HE
Camille de Rohan, Prince de Portia,Princess Mary of
tlie finest floral sightthat I ever
saw.
was
A few Roses at firstbloomed abnormally. A
Cambridge,Senateur Vaisse, Sa3ur des Anges, Souvenir de
stance,
de Cayliis,
for inPoiteau, Souvenir de Dr. Jamin, Souvenir de la Reine
line of twelve Duohesse
Rose; Souvenir de W.
a
had all green centres or hard blooms
splendidautumn
d'Angleterre,
that did not expand. I have had only one
Wood, Triomphe de Caen, a fine dark bedder ; Triomphe
de
and Monsieur
tree, Celine Forestier,a loftytree on the de Paris,Victor Verdier, W. Griffiths,
all
now, and the healthiest of
affected Montigny, bloomingfinely
south frontageof my house, slightly

I have seventeen plantsof it.

the Hybrid Perpetuals.
of the trees have
with mildew ; but many
suffers from white or orange fungus. Cranston
suffered sadlyfrom orange fungus; all,however, It never
of the finest of all the large
are
now
and many are bloomingwell. only keeps it. It is one
freshly
foliaged,
It broke out as soon
as the foliage
appeared in spring. It T? Qggg
Roses
with an asterisk(*) are splendid
Those marked
the
was
so generalthat I did not, as I usuallydo, remove
affected foliage
with a pairof scissors in order to burn it. of late introduction. They are of fine growthand foliage.
Baron
Gonella, Baronne de,
Perpetuals.
To have done so would have injuredthe health of the
Bourbon
trees more
than the fungusdid. Injuredlungsare better Maynard, MargueriteBonnet.
; Sir J.
Acidalie, Souvenir de Malmaison
than no lungsat all. As many
Bourbons.
have dropped
spores must
it is a fine corymb Rose.
round the plants,and perhapstaken hold of the bark, I Paxton for poles,
Mrs. Bosanquet.
China.
after the season
cut back
is over, to lime the groiind,
mean,
It is distinct and most
Maria Leonida.
the plantsa little,
Macartney.
useless shoots,
and sponge the
remove
mens.
beautiful. Its colour is fleshywhite,with vermilion staremainder of the plantwith vitrioland water, about 2 ozs.
of vitriolto 3 gallons
It is not a show Rose.
of water, which is strong enough to
Forestier,*Reve d'Or, new, distinct,
burn the funguswithout injuring
Noisettes "Celine
the bark.
It is troublesome
work, but a rosarian will not mind that. A rosarian and choice; Solfaterre,a wall; Triomphe de Rennes,
Niel.
Marechal
and a mere
possessor of Roses are very different persons.
to beginners,
Tea Roses
I sowed a greatportionof my Rose ground in August
Tea.-" I do not recommend
both very hardy.
with Early Stone Turnips,which I shall in due time chop except the two first-named; they are
dame
the trees with nitrophosGloire de Dijon,Sombreuil, Adam, Devoniensis Al, Maup and dig in. I shall manure
Willermoz,
Trifle,Madame
phate,instead of with horse and pig dung. No manure
Margottin,*Madame
Souvenir d'un Ami.
is so favourable to fungoid
diseases as raw
horse dung. If Souvenir d'Elise Vardon
(first-rate),
de Gazes,
it should lie on the surface of the ground all winter, For conservatories : Elise Sauvage,Vicomtesse
applied
"

"

"

"

be scalded before application.

and Madame
Bravy.
The reader cannot
As the cataloguesare longand would bewilder novices,
I conclude with a few observations.
I have put
with any of the above Roses.
I must
ask the Editors to kindly publishthe followingburn his fingers
Roses.
and free-blooming
but hardy,free-growing,
selection from the autumnal
families. I must
omit some
in none
beautiful Roses as being bad growers, though they are
I regretto leave out three beauties as bad growers here
"
marked in the catalogues
namely, Marie Baumann, Marquise de Mortemart, and
Vig."
Mr. Turner kindlygave
Hybrid
Louis Van Houtte.
Pekpetuals
Abel
Grand, Achilla Gonod, Lacharme's
Alfred Colomb, Anna Alexieff for poles or waUs, Antoine
me
Granger'sLouis Van Houtte ; it is here still,and a
Ducher, Baron Adolphe de Rothschild, *Baron Chaurand, good grower, and quitedistinct ; but as a flower it is not
Lacharme's
Baronne Prevost,
a whole line of
Black Prince,Caroline de Sansal,Charles
so good as the novelty. I saw
rate of
Comte
de Nanteuil,Comtesae
liefebvre,
de Chabrillant, Rose at the Dorset Nurseries, Blandford. The
be
*Comtesse
d'Oxford,Dr. Andry,Due de Gazes, Duchesse
growthof the whole line was miserable. It had better
Roses grow well
de Caylus,Duchesse
roots ; for I have known
tried on its own
d'Orleans,Duke of Edinburgh,*Edalien
not grow at all on
ward
roots that would
Morren, *Elie Morel, *Elisa Boelle,*Empereur de on their own
Maroc, Felix Genero, Fisher Holmes, FrancoisLacharme, stocks. Louis XIV. is an instance of it" a Rose that has
is
General Jacqueminot,Gloire de Ducher, a grand Rose ; never
been approachedin its colour. Charles Wood
these in
I saw
Gloire de Vitry, John
like it,but it is not always a free-bloomer.
Hopper, Jules Margottin,John
a beautiful Rose ; La
France for a
Keynes,Lady Suffield,
long lines at the Dorset Nurseries ; the plantswere very
and flowers excellent : Marquisede Castelconservatory(itsoils in foul weather out of doors).La fine,the foliage
Ville de St. Denis, not yet beaten in its colour ; Leopold lane, Comtesse d'Oxford,Reve d'Or, and Baron Chaurand.
Premier,Lord Clyde, Lord Macaulay. The following
all The firstis a grandRose, and the last is a greatbeauty
The
have the prefix
of Madame, I shall only put Madame
to
deep scarlet crimson, shaded with blackish maroon.
the first. Madame
garden.
Roses is the nurseryman's
Alice Dureau, Boll,Boutin,C. Crapelet,placeto judge of new
cannot
Charles Verdier, *Chirard, Clemence
Till Roses are put on strongand suitable stocks we
Joigneaux,Emile
under
Roses also that will do wonders
Julie Darau, Knorr, La Baronne
Boyau,Fillion,
Jacquier,
judge of them.
de Rothschild,Rivers, Victor Verdier,Vidot.
Mdlle.
glassare often worthless out of doors. I never pay any
or

"

"

"

No. 649." Vol. XXI., New

Seeieb.

No.

1201."Vol, XLVI., Cm

Series.

JOUBNAL

"254

OF

HOKTICDLTDBB

AND

COTTAGE

QAEDfiNEB.

[ October

1871.

this point. Baochna

tread the ground quite firm,sow upon
oertifioateB" till I know
the dung, and give a
of doors,but grown under glassit was of good slightcovering.
This method
I have practisedfor the last eight years with
round, and radiant with fine growth and broad healthy
size,fall,
the greatest success, as we
without
foliage. W. F. Eadclyffb.
are
Onions
all
never
the year round.
The
varieties which
I employ for spring
White
Brown
are
sowing
Portugal,
Globe, James's Keeping,
Bedfordshire
Park.
FABARIA
AS
A BEDDING
PLANT.
The last-named
SEDUM
Champion, and Nuneham
but produces fine bulbs.
does
not
For the autumn
keep
well,
It is a long time since I have had the opportunityof recomBowing I use the above-named, also the Madeira and Giang
useful plant for generalpurposes
than Sednm
'Uending a more
Kocca.
By sowing the White For tugal in August and plantint
as
S. spectabile.It has a highly
Fabaria,known also to some
it out in March, it keeps longer than any other, the bulbs
decorative effect in any place,but as a bedding plant it is
under a more
powerful sun.
singularlybeautiful. My first idea of using it as a bedding being ripened
To those who
not troubled with the Onion
are
grub this
plant was prompted by my seeingit last year employed by Mr.
will be of no interest,
but to some
of your readers it may
paper
Eobson, of Linton, as a vase
plant, and as such it was very
To those who
have not grown Veitch's Giant
attractive. I forgetwhether or no he has used it as a bedding prove useful.
Autumn
I say. Try it,and you will find it everyCauliflower,
thing
plant; if he has done so he will,perhaps, be able to state more
that can
be desired.
resembles
the Broccoli
It more
accuratelyits qualitiesthan I can do. This Sedum has never
than the Cauliflower, in the grandeur and colour of the leaves,
failed to attract the attention of the many
visitors to these
close and firm as a board.
I have exhibited
better known
I producing giantheads,
gardens, and when its good qualitiesbecome
it at three shows
this autumn, and each time have
venture to predictfor it a brightfuture.
off
the
H.
A.
C.
carried
S.
0.
palm.
For those who
may wish to try this plant for next season,
and yet do not know how
to obtain a stock of it (Iallude to
I
will
just state that I purchased six plants last
amateurs),
HYDROCHLORIC
ACID
OF
NOT
A SOLVENT
autumn, which I think is the best time to buy, and it being a
SILICA.
hardy herbaceous plant, I kept them in a cold frame all the
small
Mb.
James
A. Whitney
makes
the assertion that hydrowinter in pots. At the beginning of February numerous
shoots made their appearance ; I then took the plantsinto the chlorie acid is a solvent of silica. He states that hydrochloric
where
and
when
soil
the
the
shoots
acid
is
in
the
were
greenhouse,
produced
they grew fast,
by
decompositionof salt,and
I propagated that the acid so formed,
long enough to furnish cuttingswith two joints,
actingon the sand grains,dissolves
all I could get. These
rooted in the house althoughonly the silica and insures the greaterper-centage of this element,
soon
under
a
hand-light,and when long enough, each afforded a which analysisof the ash has shown to exist in the straw of
quired. the grain grown
on
Salt in the presence
cutting. Thus I soon had as largea stock of plants as I resalted,sandy land."
All were
came of iron is decomposed, chloride of iron formed, and the sodium
pottedofi singlyin 4-inch pots, as they beestablished they were
into
cold
and
liberated
which
turned
before
becomes
caustic soda,
is a solvent of silica. It
a
frame,
the end of March
the most forward were
standing out of doors is the soda,not the salt,which does the work.
Hydrochloric
acid has no action on
but it has on
silicates. The East
without the slightest
protection.
silica,
soil does for this plant,and, being hardy,it India cane
is not covered with silica,
but with a silicate,
and
Any common
be prepared. the action of hydrochloricacid,like all acids,is on the base.
may be planted in the beds as earlyas these can
The first year the plants may not exceed 1 foot in height,nor
There is no acid,except fluoric,
which can directly
dissolve
at any time does the plant,to my
knowledge, greatlyexceed
dry or calcined silica." (Urc.)
18 inches in height; but in the second year, through the stools
whether crystalline
Native silica,
or amorphous, is insoluble
increasingin size very much, I have seen
two-year-oldplants in all acids,except hydrofluoric." {Watt's
Chemistry.)
in diameter,but no
2 feet or more
He
salt is decomposed in the soil,the
states that,when
higher than I have stated,
and every shoot produces a large and broad rosette of pink chlorine combines
with hydrogen,forming muriatic acid. When
with chlorine in the dark, as under the surflowers.
water is combined
face
No supports are needed
it will remain
chlorine and water ; but in
for the shoots of Sedum Fabaria,
of the soil,
as
and it has fine foliage;it has also a very compact form of the presence of stronglight,or at a very high heat- red heat
in
When hydrochloricacid comes
growth, and is altogethera desirable plant for everyone who
hydrochloricacid is formed.
and loves flowers.
If it has a fault for bedding purposes
contact with a silicate of iron,the acid is itself decomposed,
grows
is formed
it is that of floweringlate,September being its usual month
chloride of iron
and
the silica is set free.
a
a
without
its Hydrochloric
acid,potash,and silicaare easilymade to combine;
people; but even
very desirable time with most
bloom its appearance
acid
is so distinct as to be as attractive in that
but pure hydrochloric
and pure silica never.
He states
that hydrochloricacid is one
sorts of plants are
when -in bloom, so that
of the most
even
powerful solvents of
way as many
arise as regardsthe plant'sgrowth.
silica known
in chemistry. This is a gross mistake.
can
no
disappointment
fluoric
HydroWhen
the plants die down
the great solvents of silica.
acid and the alkali are
in autumn
they may be left in
the bed, or taken up and stored away in dry soil in the same
Thomas
Tatlok, Washington, B.C.
Like most
of the genus it is an admirable
way as Dahlias.
rookwork
plant. It is so employed at Battersea Park and other
PATENT
PORTABLE
PLANT
it bedded
It is also a
RENDLE'S
out.
places,but I have not yet seen
capitaldecorative plant for the greenhouse and conservatory.
PROTECTORS.
I have this season
met with it used as such, and have heard
noticed a letter in your publicationof the 28 th of
I HAVE
it spoken highly of by everyone.
Like most
of the genus it
September, signed Au eetoie," tellinghow unsuccessful he
thrives admirably in dry weather.
I advise everyone who
has
has been with the plant protectors introduced by me.
I have
for a flower of any sort to grow this plant." Thomas
room
because although
been quiteprepared to hear of some
failures,
Eecokd.
like
the protectorsare so simple, yet,
everythingelse,they
requiremanagement and attention.
PREVENTING
THE
ONION
GRUB.
eevoir"
"An
will,I have no doubt, be surprised to hear
excellent gardener who worked
them thoroughly
that a most
When
I entered upon my present charge,more
than thirteen
tuces
told that Onions
could not
be obtained by all through the last severe
winter,obtained three crops of Letyears ago, I was
The first crop was
and Endive
out of them.
the Onion
ready by
as
grub carried all off,and I very
spring-sowing,
the
found this to be too true.
I tried many
plantswere cleared away,
goon
thingswhich I the middle of December, and as
but did not succeed.
At last I adopted the
replacedby others taken from store pans, and so a
they were
thought preventives,
followingsystem : Early in the autumn I point-in good rotten constant succession was kept up. Your readers will remember
had a very severe
than 25" of frost. In
that we
turf ; as soon
the ground is frozen sufficiently
as
winter,more
to carry the
than I ever
have done more
expectedthem to
barrow, I stretch a line down each side of the bed and cover
fact,the protectors
the whole of the bed with dung to the depth of IJ inch.
I never
dreamt that they would be used for winter culture.
The
do.
in
the
instance
to protect the
first
dung used is from the old hotbeds.
I preferdecayed cow dung, I merely intended them
but this I cannot get,as it is all carted to the farm.
The
plants from the cold and frostynightsof spring. At the time
worth
ground lies thus tillthe second week of March, when I usually these Endives were being suppliedto the table they were
9(j. each in London.
Taking the Endive, therefore,at ita
BOW, weather permitting. The rake is taken to break all lumps
that may not have crumblecl-down with the frost. I then
were
market value,the protectors
paidfor the firstseason.

attention to

Wis

"

miseryout
"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

October

JOUENAL

6,1871. ]

OP

COTTAGE

AND

HOETIOULTUEE

255

GAEDENEE,

all through last winter, and had his Peas three weeks earlier
turists,
horticulmoat eminent
of our
one
a letter from
the 23rd of August last he wrote
than usual,and on
tolme,
who is at the head of a dncal establishment, in which
I see and have to do with your protecof
to one
more
tors
saying "The
he states that he had shown
my little glass houses
and I strongly
convinced
of their utility,
I am
the more
our
princes; and I can also show a letter ordering a large
them
recommend
to everyone." Mr. D. T. Fish only last
quantityof protectorsto be sent to His Eoyal Highness after
he
had
the
in
and
that
me
week
wrote to
protectorsnow
said,
seeingtheir value.
the honour of sendingtoEuviUe, full swing for Lettuces,"o., and that they had proved most
of last
In the
I

Bhow

can

"

yearlhad

spring

than
the residence of the Earl of Stamford and Warrington,more
all
used with greatsuccess
500 feet of the protectors.They were
through the springof 1870, and they answered so well that on
Mr. Edward
Bennett,
the 28ih of May I received a letter from
the well-known
gardener at Enville, who states that his lordhe
wished
that
with the protectors
much
so
was

pleased

Bhip

500 feet

to have

more.

Mr.

Bennett thoroughly worked

them

successful.
I could give dozens

of similar examplesof complete success.

"
liable to be blown
The protectors
kevoik"
are
says
and careThis is from mismanagement
down by the wind."
lessness.
exhibited
at
the International
The
me
by
examples
Exhibition
have been there since the 1st of May, and I do not
In
think a brick has been displaced
or a pane of glassbroken.
An

"

things I think it is most

several hundred feet at work at Belvoir Castle, ground vinery; indeed, in some
saw
is quite room
useful.
There
and although theyhave been at work all through the winter,I
enough for all. My protectors'
I
introduce
a
refers
new
did not see a singlebrick out of place.
An
bevoik
am
will,
system of gardening,and you
sure,
are
foremost men
will see
of our
children also,who have been
that some
alreadyfindingit
to his wife ; perhaps he has some
"
out.
They are intended for largeestablishments for protecting
playing at houses," and other tricks,whilst he has been
our
hard at work in the city.
early and valuable vegetablesfrom the cold and frost of
urban
winter and spring,and are not, perhaps,so useful in small subAgain, " Au bevoir"
says that the plants are liable to
the
flower gardens such as that belongingto " Au kevoie."
draw.
plants
Wrong again ; mismanagement again. If

the spring I

"

"

draw he does not give suflctcientventilation.

bricks at pleasure,and leave largeor small

He

can

open

the
he

pigeon-holesas

If your

likes.

Biehant's

some

is

Both complaintsare absurd and frivolous ; but there are

people in the world who will find fault and gramble if
they do not exactlyunderstand what they are about.
I have

never

or
despised

fault with the dear old wooden

found

choice presentto his

a
to make
him
to have
of the Eev. H.
one
the accompanying
of which
conservatories,"

wishes
correspondent

wife, let

me
"

recommend
lawn

representation.She will be able

of the garden to the other with ease.
Westminster
Chambers, S.W.
3,
a

"

to lift it from
W. Eeocumbe

one

part

Eendle,

FIRST
SHOW.
THE
CHIPPENHAM
FLOWER
the back of the oolites,
residence
downhill
for many
a mile,down
run
wondered, during my fifteen-years
don
Bassett,towards Swinnear
Chippenham, that the town had no flower show, or, as
past prettyChippenham, and Wootton
"
those
spire."
high fallatin
writing gentlemen, the reportersof
"
"
these
Chippenham
floral
in
of
all
"a
call
it
fete."
advantages, pretty
Trowbridge,
But,
spite
county papers, preferto
hosts of
without
a flower show, although it sends
an inviting-looking
town, with its blue-dyedfilthy remained
by no means
stance
circumriver,obnoxious to eye and nose, has long had its flourishing young
generallyin pairs (curious
people especially,
It is,however, said that
shows.
that !),
to the Bath
show, to which Chippenham people go by hundreds every year.
ham
Then, out-of-the-wayMalmesbury (alltowns are necessarily once in older days there was a flower show held at Chippenout of the way that are
ten miles from a railwaystation
a
when
a
couple of old inhabitants get together
; at least,
Neeld's
time.
in
old
this
in
talk
the
show
with
its
beautiful
of
Squire
to
to
regard
Malmesbury,
great pity
they are given
bury
Malmesheld" oh, the horrors !" in the Town
Hall,and the
But it was
abbey ruins and market cross),
yes, even out-of-the-way
has also its prosperous
long before crinoline days,
show, and on its show-day this ladies' skirts,although it was
hibitors
and damaged the flowers,and exmade my village
lane gay, almost noisy ; knocked
the flower-pots
over
year lines of carriages
more."
send their plants any
while Chippenham, easy of access
all sides,with railways
sa,id "they'd never
on
and
the
fat
the
stout
hot
that
and
with
these
hall
perspired,
so
Then the
to London, Bath, Salisbury,Devizes,
was
Calne,
to pass
lines branching out into others,is the very place for a flower
were
fagged out, and the thin fainted ; and so it came
an una memory
pleasant
that a flower show
at Chippenham became
show, to say nothing of a cluster of parks all round, where
be gardens and
the place
and nothing more.
there must
gardeners. Then
memory,
"
is very attracuntil late last June, when, asked by a few
hadn't ought
Thus it remained
tive
though I say it,who, perhaps,
cultural
the Mayor convened
a
in appearance,
is it not ? Let Charles Kingsley
answer
meeting to establish a Hortiresidents,
How
and Lady Why," in the
and
this question. In his " Madame
Cottage Garden Improvement Society. This
Homeward
Bound," he says, " Now we shall meeting was very thinlyattended ; almost everybodyhad,it
chapterentitled
I

HAVE

often

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

JOUBNAL

256

OF

HOBTICULTUEB

AND

COTTAGE

GAEDENEE.

[ October

5, 1871.

I pleaded for children's prizes for this reason.

deed,
There
was, inare
and a halt of most mayors, a fine, jasta few years in human
life when a taste is created,or a
and kindly-minded west-oonntryman ; bent is given from about ten to fifteen. Before,children are
tall,
broad,rosy-cheeked,
too young, and then after fifteen life's duties and hfe's work
bat he complained of the fewness of those present, and said
when the objectof
he was surprisedthat no more
lay their stern claim upon us all,when a taste can
people came
scarcelybe
the meeting was
so
undeniably excellent. The tidingsof the given, but may be cultivated at spare hours and give great

seemea, something else to do that evening. There

the

Mayor

"

mayor

"

thinness of the meeting spread to a waggish friend of mine,

a pleasurenone
can
delight,
prize sufiiciently
highly. Thus a
who
to flourieh." lad learns in those years to handle a cricket-bat,
and gets to
wrote, " Your flower show does not seem
understand
the game and playsa match or two, and the taste
But beginningsare seldom
to be trusted.
Thus, what a small
But
wide
what
is
the
and
that
has
river
and
bad
ginning
beset.
a
a
rolling
boy grows,
beginning
great youth-swallowing
many
;
receives him.
He yearns at times for the country,
people have who have a good ending, notably London
many
There are no men
on
who
doctors.
more
bright spring or summer
mornings. He longs as
worthily,more
quietly, specially
He thinks of the downs
and more
thoroughlyrespectablydischarge their professional a Swiss does for his mountains.
or
it may be swampy
if hedgerows where he shot rabbits,
or
duties, and filltheir place in the world,than medical men
places
do as
where he brought down
a
snipe or two. He cannot
anything, too quietlyand too unostentatiously.
Jettingthose
take
the
General
Dr.
Johnson's
friend
shoot
above
(hem.
I
a
am
talkinglawyers
Oglethorp,
did,
snipes in
place
By
way,
the
cricket
in
Battersea
Par;-.
but
he
can
So
glad to read of another doctor made a baronet,for it is a proStrand,
play
fession
But to return ; how
honoured.
not sufficiently
eager-eyedand glad he rushes off on Saturday afternoons to
very
But for that learning cricket between
the
badly the medical professionbegins. Think of that queer, his cricket match.
I have known
medical students.
noisy,loudly-dressed
are, a
ages of ten and fifteen he would have been, as so many
genus
listless pipe-sucker,
with no healthyhobby to cheer Lim.
So
them all my life,and a short time since saw a group inside the
court of old B"riholemew's,tossingup their hats and cheering of other tastes. A love of pets allowed in the boy hangs by
the man, and he in many
blesses that taste early
at their sucess
a happy hour
a'; a recent examination.
They were justwhat
they always were, for the most part funnily dressed,funny given and permitted. Bat chiefest of all,flowers. The boy
the reverse, all,
or nearlyall,
iellows,some
fops,some
decidedly or girlwho at twelve years of age gets a priza will most likely
become
quiet,orderly, be a lover and cultivator of flowers during life. So I was very
queer dogs ; and yet these will presently
do-their-duty,hard-working medical practitioners.I might anxious for children's prizes,and also that the children in all
schools of the humbler
notice other beginnings,but enough.
class should be admitted
to the show
in the afternoon at a penny a-bead.
To go on
with our
That
Chippenham flower show.
very
small beginning, that very sparsely-attended
Many committee
meetings followed where real work was
meeting, did a
done.
All arrangements having been made, not forgetting
the
great deal. (N.B. It you want work done, don't have many
"

"

"

to do it ;

small committee

does

most, and you know

the proverb,

eatables and

drinkables

(markwell

this recommendation

"

have

in addition a tea tent, it always tends to sobriety),

then comes
decided that there should
Blany cooks," "a.) It was
fine day all
a
what might, a Chippenham Flower Show and Cottage the great anxiety about the weather, for upon
be, come
drowned
Garden
Improvement Society. Then it was also decided that depends. If JupiterPluvius {I wish that fellow were
and done for),
it should include all the parishes in the Chippenham Union
utter ruiu to show and
should reign,then comes
that is,about thirtyparishes. This was
to
if
wide
for
pocket.
a
decision,
I must
that it is of the highest importance
horticultural societyto prosper, and a cottagers'
further remark
a
you want
A peer residingfour miles
to choose a fit place for a show.
let it embrace
a
improvement societyto do good extensively,
off most kindly offered his park, but that was
district surrounding a town.
Then
too far distant
there was
a very excellent
the town.
All committees
should regird the
All the clergymen of the thirtyparishes from
of shows
device hit upon.
of
keepers,
a
elected
Vice-Presidents
of
the
tradesmen
not
that
the
ence,
influsecured
well-being
town,
only that of innwere
support,
;
in each parishof its incumbent, and
but of shopkeepers. I have a strong feelingthat
and co-operation
date from the
live and let live. Tradesmen
secured also thirtysubscribers.
Then
this little meeting repealed every class should
I
excellent Hon. Secretary,
at least. No co-operativestores for me.
to us an
a
strangeralmost, time ot Chaucer
and feel it a duty so to do.
hut one who knew what to do and did it. Besides the clergy, support the regular tradesmen
held
should
flower
be
close
I
a
show
to
all other men
of position,
not
a
Thus, think,
only
men
lords,squires,and professional
should not be asked to close their
asked to become
and the member
for the
were
town, but the tradesmen
Vice-Presidents,
the President,and so by next meeting a
borough to become
shopsas earlyas the show opens, but at least two hours after.
John wants
will have a turn.
for Mary, so the jeweller
a brooch
nice "100 or more
subscribed.
was
A good working Committee
was
gloves,and the girlswill before the day, or
appointed,business men
being lovers of a garden, and the Jane will want new
the
let
I
know
for
women
You
heads
not
get into
business
on
want in such cases
what,
just
leading nurserymen.
day,want,
a
well as hearts that warm
to manage,
as
towards a garden.
draper'sshop and see how long they will stay ! The bill
I have entered somewhat
by the length of the husband's or
minutelyinto details,and shall may usually be measured
father's face when
he looks over
it. This last is but a joke,
enter thus into further details,
because X can
well fancy that
but seriously
who read this paper will be wishing in their neighbourI say, help the tradesmen.
some
hood
has
do
a
to
have done, so I want this article to
next year as we
Chippenham
park almost in the town ;
Fortunately,
Park
be such as can be referred and be a guide to such persons.
Chippenham lies on one side of the Avon, and Monkton
Added
to
To return.
One thing,we all at that littlemeeting promised on
the other, the entrance being from the town.
to do
try to do all we could in every way to forward the object its other advantages is"this greatone, that the resident Mways
in view, to procure copies of rules for our
guidance,"o. So readilypermits all meetings conducive to the welfare of the
"

"

"

"
Eeotok
wrote to one
of his " old Gooseberries."
Editors of this Journal
and
gave themselves that name,
frequentlyrefer to it,so evidently
they like it. Well, one of
the "old Gooseberries"
first-raterules for
answered, "Wehave
flower shows, and we lend them to ignorantparsons." " W. E."
"

Wiltshire

The

had

greatwish

to squeeze

that "old

Gooseberry very hard for

"

Park.
inhabitants of the town to be held in Monkton
All ready,and all waitingfor the weather.
Monday, September
were
tapped very often in
4th, was a wet day. Barometers
The
houses, for Tuesday is to be the day of the Show.
many
who has no barometer
man
anticipated
wholly unweather-wise
the
halfthe
moon
rain,having very likelya meagrim about
;

who
and does not understand
man
has
a barometer
it,
also
going by the words and not the proportionaterise or fall,
him.
However, some
people's deeds are a great deal better prophesied rain ; while the wholly weather-wise-man, who
be
both had and understood
his barometer,declared it would
So it was
in this case; or, perhaps,it was
than their words.
the morrow,
and it was
fine. A heavy, heavy mist
the other old Gooseberrywho caused those excellent rules to be
fine on
as
the
of
in
week's
in
over
us
the
Journal
that
next
for July 20th.
Tuesday,
sleepyeyes
hung
earlymorning
published
viz.,
This is a greatboon, for there are those capitalrules to be rea
ferred
bright,brightforenoon ; just a glorious
saw, and then came
The
to at any time, and used by all needing their assistance.
sunshiny-day between two wet ones.
grass green as an
Armed
with these rules I went to the next
meeting, where, emerald with late rain,and on the roads all dust laid thoroughly,
that the
aided by them, we
into the town and saw
and yet no dirt. I drove early
drew up rules locally
stances
for circumsuitable,
charter dates from King
inhabitants of the ancient borough (its
and localities differ somewhat.
The
old Gooseberries
Arches were
to do their utmost.
determined
John's day),were
of their useful manuals
promised and sent a number
tions
addias
to the cottagers'
drooping,
did I plead for children's being erected,flagslarge and small and tiny were
prizes. Specially
prizes" C.I?., for the best nosegay of wild flowers,for flying,and flutteringaccording to their size. As usual, too
Stillthe
British fieldFerns,"c.
good
Welcomes," and not enough variety.
many

his sauciness, only he could not put out his arm

dred
quite a hunmiles ; in fact,he wished to play " old Gooseberry " with

wise

"

"

"

"

In

OF

JOUSNAL

258

companion bed, which was

failed. It
had entirely

the

Amaranthus

to match
it,the freshness of
apparentlyas precarious Science.]

the

intended
is

[ October

GAEDENER.

COTTAGE

AND

HOETIGULTUBE

flowers.

"

{EnglishMechanic

and

5, 1871.

World

of

it is beantiful.
SOCIETY.
ROYAi
HORTICULTURAL
The slopingbank round the rosery, always one of the great
planted with
features of these garden?, is very effectively
October
4th.
Gem
Geranium, Coleus,
Christine, Golden
Scarlet Geranium
On one of tbe finepitof autumnal dayswas held the combined Fmit
is very pretty,is,I am
afraid, Show of the
and Bijou. The design,which
bition
Royal Horticultural Societyand the International Exhisomewhat
effect
is
The
of
description.
their very nature combined, and
from
beyond my powers
The two were
of 1S71.
their
introduced
for
which
are
marred
the
intermixed.
It
was
Geraniuma,
alao
the two were
to a very considerable extent
by
similar instances
There
are
said the Judges,and it was
not tilllate in the day that
a
foliageonly,being allowed to blossom.
as

"

pass

over

Lucius

of neglectin other parts of the

Two
the beds inside the rosery.
Geranium, Beetroot,and Golden

garden. I must not

of them, filled with
Feverfew, will bear

leaves
gardens. The dark polished
splendideffect.
running nearly the whole length of the
of any in
startling
appearance
upper terrace present the most
ling
Seedfilled with Waltham
the grounds. The oblong beds are
The
Feverfew.
Golden
Geranium, Bijou, Coleus, and
Madame
and
Christine
with
beds
round
are planted
Calceolarias,
seen
anything
Vaucher
Geraniums, and Lobelias. I have never
rich and beautiful than these beds,lookingat them from
inore
The effect of the Coleus between
Bijou Geranium
end.
one
is very grand,but it is marred by Bijou
and Golden Feverfew
being allowed to blossom.
such a success, is this year a
The chain border, generally
measure
by the
comparativefailure a result caused in some
quires
reof the turf,which
rather ragged and neglected condition
of both watering-potand mowingliberal use
a
more
machine.
It is planted with Christine and Scarlet Geraniums,
Marigold, and Alyssum. The beds are joined with links of
Feverfew.
This is a very great mistake,for it is the
Golden
of a chain border that the outer
edging should be
very essence
round the whole design.
carried unbroken

comparison with

any
of the Beetroot have
The line of beds

in the

heavyday,"
they had completedtheir

task.

We

as is
cannot, therefore,
give,

our

make
our
honours
as we
that were
gained,
refer for that to another column, for the exigencies
before e*en in other,
of the press requiredall notes to be completed
the decision had been arrived at. And
and the most competentquarters,
divers
who that had seen, as we saw, the long array of fruits from
who that hafi seen
the multitudinous fruits (andthese,too, of

wont,

report;

detailed list of the

we

must

parts
"

the

finest quality)
sent by Messrs.
Baltet,of Troyes,could say that
Judgeswere slow in their work ? They had work to do, theykept
it tilllate in the day, but theydid it,and we only wish we could do

the
at
ours

as

Fruit
held

well.

On

since the

it was
admitted,and we know it,that this
little time,has been the most successful ever
of 1S6-2,
and to that it would hardly
one

all hands

Show, got up in

so

memorable

and, owing to the season, not taking,as

though not so extensive,
yield,
in the size,and perhaps
such a high position
regardsoutdoor fruit,
of the productionsshown.
quality
three fruits
In Class 1, for the most complete collection of Apples,

Messrs. Lnfine collections.

there were
numerous
variety,
combe, Pince," Co., of Exeter,sent upwardsof a hundred varieties.
Kerry
of
the
excellent
Apple,
them
Gooseberry
were
specimens
Among
Waterford Nonpareil,
Hoary Morning,
Pippin,King of the Pippins,
handsome
Harrow
Dutch
Pippin is a clean-looking
Mignonne.
variety. Mr. Ford, gardenerto W. E. Hubbard, Esq.,Leonardslee,
Horsham, had a collection of 130 sorts,many of them, as usual with
his
as
his exhibitions,
highlycoloured,but not nearlybo large-sized
is a circumstance,no
doubt, due in his case, as in
fruit generally
Blenheim
Pippin, Warner's King,
others,to the season.
and Petuniasmany
There
some
are
very successful beds of Verbenas
of the best
a few
Mauks
Codlin, Adams' Pearmain, Alexander were
seen, the former being
as good,indeed,as
any I have
varieties. Messrs.
several
There
besides,
seedling
were,
represented.
wiih
John
One
bed
of
edged
Wilson, cerise,
unusuallygood.
collectionof 150 kinds,
Baltet freres,
of Troyes, contributed a splendid
The
Lobelia
does not
White Perfection, is very handsome.
includinglarge and fine specimensof Eymer, Mere de Menage,
but
not
successful
it
has
all
been
at
President
to
Calville
have
Dufays Dndu
lleinette
grown
Canada,
Saint-Saureur,
;
appear
to have been
of Christine seems
flowered well. The blossom
Golden Winter
Pearmain, Ehode Island Greening, Wadmonceau.
the beauty
for
remarkable
"c.
Of
sorts
Belle Dubois,
richer in
hurst Pippin,
I have
The
Coleus
never
seen
very short-lived.
or
depthof their colour, we noticed Fenouillet Oris,Archiduo Antoine,
colour or
more
transparent,in spite of the early summer
ander,
AlexBorsdorft'er,
Eamsdell's Sweet, Calville rouge d'hiver,
Bellefleur,
ling,
SeedWaltham
having been so very ungeuial. The Geraniums
House,
and
Api noir. E. Webb, Esq., Culham
Apis petit,
made
a
have
Duchess
of Sutherland,and Lucius
great
fruit.
had a fine collectionof highly-coloured
used in the gardens. The last- Eeading,
show, and are very extensively
Mr. W. Paul contributed a collection of 171 of the best varieties
named
looks best beside a dark-foliaged
plant. How we ever
excellent examples
there
the
former
were
Of
for kitchen and dessert.
got on without the Golden Feverfew I cannot think ! It goes of Tower of Glammis, Lord Derby, Calville Malingre, Blenheim
the
and
all dark-foliaged
especially
plants,
so well with everything,
Pippin,Cellini,Dredge's Fame, Ehode Island Greening; of
is so compact in its habit,and so true in its colour.
latter the beautiful little Lady Apple,Fearns' Pippin,Fairy Pippin,
Margil,and
of the ugliest
and best of Apples,
few of the arrangements which
one
a
I have only mentioned
Cornish Gilliflower,
others
There are many
more.
seemed to me most worthy of remark.
many
HaU,
H.
Hindlip
to
A.
Mr.
AUsopp, Esq.,
From
Moffat, gardener
which
could only be mentioned
which are very pretty,and some
sorts, some
grown on
a
very fine collection of fifty
Of these latter I Worcester, came
be avoided.
in order that

of each

"

"

"

tbey may
out the only two beds out of the, four inside the
which
I
have
not alluded to. Taken
altogetherthe
rosery,
CrystalPalace gardens quite come
up to their usual standard,
and some
of the arrangements cannot, I think, be surpassed.
The garden superintendentwould confer a benefit on thousands
of amateur
gardeners if he would place in each bed tallies
of the plants. It may not have been the aim
with the names

bush trees,others on horizontal cordons, and others againon pyramids

Winter Hawthornden,
bush trees Lord
Snffield,
and standards. From
Pippin,Bess Pool, Warner's King,
King of the Pippins,Blenheim
Alexander,
Belle Josephine.
so
were
and Eibston Pippinwere
very fine,
from
Kent
Dumelow's Seedling,Eeinette du Canada, and Beauty of
of
Mr. Chaff,gardenerto A. Smee, Esq., sent a collection
cordons.
SufLord
Pott's
Seedling,
kinds.
Nelson's Codlin, Lord Derby,

the less the case,

of the CrystalPalace Company, but it is none
that these gardens give their character not only to others in
in distant parts of the
the neighbourhood, but also to many
miles from
country. I know one garden nearly two hundred

and fine

may

point

1,5.5

by large
Pippinwere represented
dessert kinds King of the Pippins,
specimens,and among
Mr. E.
were
very good.
Eibston Pippin,Cox's Orange Pippin,etc.,
ties,
varieSpivey,HallingburyPlace,Bishop'sStortford, sent seventy-five
and Mr. Carmichael, gardenerto H.R.H. the Prince of Wales,
kinds.
of
Sandringham,contributed a fine collection sixty-two
effective arrangements
where year after year the most
London
for the best collection of Dessert Apples. Mr. W. G.
Class '2 was
of the previousyear at the Crystal Palace have been adopted.
gardenerto D'.W. Digby,Esq., Castle Gardens, Sherborne,
Pragnell,
if one
trusts too implicitly Dorset, sent fifty
a mistake
It is very easy to make
kinds, Mr. A. Moffat a small but good collection,
of
and their
of names
to the gardeners,for their pronunciation
varieties. In theae were
very good specimens
and Mr. Chaff fifty
somewhat
eccentric,to say the Pearson's Plate, Eibston Pippin,King of the Pippins,and Blenheim
at times
orthography are
which
kinds,among
least," W. H. B.
Pippin. Mr. Ford, Leonardslee,had forty-eight
sort ; Wax
Apple,a prettylittle
a showy high-coloured
was
First-class,
and
baskets of fancy yellow kind, several seedlings,
good specimensof well-known
Cetstallised
Floweks.
Construct some
of
Into
varieties. Mr. Spiveysent a small collection; E. Webb, Esq., one
form with pliable
copper wire,and wrap them with gauze.
290 sorts.
in
fifty
leaves
; and Mr. Scott,Merriott Nurseries,
these tie to the bottom
Violets,Ferns, Geranium
Mr.
Ford
In Class 3, for the best collection of Culinary Apples,
fact,any flowers except full-blown Koses" and sink them in a
exhibited eightv
kinds,of which Beauty of Kent, Blenheim Pippin,
solution of alum of 1 lb. to a gallonof water, after the solution
gardenerto
and Shepherd's
Seedlingwere very good. Mr. Stephenson,
has cooled.
The colours will then be preservedin their original
of Alexander,
T. C. Barker,Esq.,
Leigh Hill,Essex,had fine specimens
will hold faster than when
alum
Batheaston,
Mr.
beauty, and the crystallised
Mr.
Mr.
Chaff,
Lydiard,
Cox's Pomona, "o.
Spivey,
from a hot solution. When
you have a lightcoveringof crystals Mr. Mitchell, and Mr. W. Thompson, Clements, Ilford,also sent
the basket carefully,
remove
that completelycovers
the articles,
good collections.
collectionof Pears, Mr. Gardiner,
These
baskets make
and allow it to drip for twelve hours.
a
In Class 4, for the most complete
beautiful parlour ornament, and for a long time preserve the gardener to E. P. Shirley,
Esq.,Lower EatingtonPark,Stratford-on"

"

StripedBeefing,and Blenheim
field.

JOURNAL

5, 1871. 1

October

OF

AND

HOBTIOULTUHE

COTTAGE

259

GARDENER.

Messrs. Carter " Co. offered prizes

for collectionsof six varietiesof
in his forty
of Jersey,
very fine fruit of Louise Bonne
Potatoes.
Mr.
American
Frisby, gardenerto H. Chaplin,Esq.,
Magnifique,Easter Beurrc, Gansel's Bergamot, Duchesae
first
with
others.
besides
King of the Earlies,Climax,
Blankney Hall, Sleaford,was
many
d'Angouleme,and Huyshe's Prince Consort,
Blow, Early Rose, and
From Mr. Carmicliael came
Early Goodrich,
varieties,
includingBeurrc de Ranee, Bresee's Prolific,Peach
fifty
Mr. Garland, of Killerton,with Climax, King of Earlies,
Eeurre
Diel, Second came
Clairgeau, Ducbesse d'Angouleme, Sectle, Beurrc
and
Bresee's
hence
Bresee's
like
Peerless.
the
beautiful
Forelle
Prolific,
a trout,
Early Eose, Early Goodrich,
speckled
Knight'sMonarch,
Mr. D. Lumsden,
for it,the Trout Pear.
another name
Messrs. Lucombe, Piuce," Co., All these were
large,but had an air of coarseness.
Exeter, sent sixtykinds,of which the most noticeable for size were
gardenerto the Eight Hon. R. C. Nisbet Hamilton, Bloxholm Hall,
Prince Albert,
Beurrc Clairgean, also exhibited largetubers of several of these varieties. Messrs. Lee,
Hajsbe'aBergamot,Hnyshe'sVictoria,
Messrs.
of Troyes, of Hammersmith,
sent a very good collection.
and Beurrc
Diel. Messrs. Baltet frcres,
Dclices d'Aremberg,
Criscuolo,
had a collection of upwards of three hundred
Street,had fine specimensof Tripoli
kinds,and many of the Kay, ifeCo., 57, Gracechurch
collection
Onions.
this
the
most complete
specimensmagnificent. Certainly was
Messrs. Wheeler, of Gloucester,sent splendid
fruit of Brockworth
have ever
we
To enter into details would be almost a hopeless
seen.
task.
We
Dachesse
can
a very few, aa
d'Angouleme, Park Pear, which is largein size and excellent in flavour. Mr.
merely signalise
had
Lieutenant
of
Williams's
Bon Chretien
de
British Queen, Beune
Glover,Epping,
Triomphe
Jodoigne,
very good samples
Clairgeau,
^oiteven,Colmar Van Mons, Beurrc Bachelier. and Beurre Hardy. Pears,and excellent Apples.
Of Edible
and
Poisonous
Mr. Spivey; Mr. Pragnell
of the leading
one
Fungi, which were
House, Beading ;
; R. Webb, Esq Culham
phenson,features of the Show, Messrs. Hoyle " Austin, Mr. English,of Epping,
Mr. Wildsmith, gardener to Viscount
Eversley, Heckfield ; Mr. Steand WorthingtouG. Smith, Esq.,sent collections. To these we may
gardener to T. C. Barker, Esq. ; and Mr. Lydiard,Bathalso sent collections.
probablyrevert hereafter.
"eaaton,

Avon,

had

Beurrc

The

next

Class, 5,

Messrs. Baltet, of

for collections of Dessert

was

Troyes,made

Pears.

Here

a
grand display,
sending very fine
Cour, Doyenne du Comice, Duchesse

Fruit Committee.
George F. Wilson, Esq.,in the chair. Mr.
sent examplesof a Cucnmber
named
Turner, Royal Nurseries,Slough,
with a few black spines. Mr. Hepper,
Wizard, a handsome
variety
of other sorts.
Mr. Moffat sent some
a multitude
very fine specimens gardener.The Elms, Acton, sent very fine examplesof Hepper's
Giant
of Glou Moryeau,Duchesse
Beurre
Hardy, in all forty- Tomato.
d'Angouleme,
Mr. Wildsmith, gardenerto Viscount
Eversley,Heckfield
the other exhibitors were
Mr. Stephenson,
eight kinds ; and among
fine
of
Veitch's
Park, Winchfield,Hants, sent some
examples
very
Mr.
Chaff, Mr. W.
Thompson, and G. F. Wilson, Esq. The last- Autumn
Mr. Evershed, Minsted
Giant CauUfiower.
Gardens, Godalfifteen
snamed hadmrgnificent
fruits from
trees which had been grown
of Cauliflowers,
ming, sent a good collectionof vegetables,
consisting
of Jersey,Triomphe
^ears in pots. The Chaumontel, Louise Bonne
Mr. Gardiner,Eatington Park, StratPeas, Vegetable
Marrows, "e.
de Jodoigne,
Easter
de la Coar
Beurre, Marie Louise,and Marechal
ford-on-Avon,sent a collection of twenty-fivevarieties of Potatoes.
the finest specimensfrom pot culture,
indeed from any culture, Messrs. Carter "
were
The
Co.,High Horoorn. sent a fine lot of Onions.
"specimens

of Conseiller

Beurre
"d'Angouleme,

de

la

Diel, Prince

Imperial,Beurre

Baltet

have seen.
we
Class 6 was
for Kitchen
Pears, and here again Messrs. Baltet took
"ihe lead,althoughseveral others had good collections.
both for the International and
Of Grapes,such as those shown

JRoyalHorticultural

Society's
prizes,it

is difficult to

and Nuneham
Park
to
considered the Naseby Mammoth
both to be good selections of the White
the
and
the
White
Intermediate
and
Bedfordshire
Champion
new
Spanish;
the old Globe.
Mr. Bland,
to be identical,and much
resembling

Committee
be

very

closelyallied, and

speak too highly. gardenerto

that is a simplestatement ; we are accustomed

Mr. Meredith exhibited
and
to find Mr. Meredith
that is
first,
yet he was not so in this case
of no
order.
Messrs.
a
mean
good guarantee that the Show was
"

"

'Lane, of

"

pere, and

Great

of Mushrooms.

Earl

Kilmorey. GordonHouse,Isleworth,sentafine basket

Messrs.

Veitch

"

Sons

collection of Beets, with examples baked

Dwarf
Dwarf
Red, Dewar'a
Nutting's

sent a largeand
interesting
and boiled,
and growing viz..
"

Red, Whyte's Black, Cattell's

Berkhampstead,sent one of the largestand most

also
Crimson, Dell's Crimson, Pine Apple,Egyptian Turnip-rooted,
of Muscat
of Alexandria
have ever
we
beautifullyripenedbunches
the Improved Silver or Sea-kale,
and the Red Brazilian for decorative
it
wanted
have
In
to
been
seen
a
longer
only
fortnight
;
perfection.
Messrs.
Veitch also sent some
viz.,
very fine Endives
purposes.
addition
to this they had
collection in which
a
were
magnificentFraser's Improved Broadleaf, White Batavian, DigswellPrize, White
hunches of Black Hamburgh, Golden Champion,Muscat of Alexaudria, Curled
Mr. W. Taylor,
Curled, and Moss Curled.
very fine. Green
of Alexandria.
Mr. Meredith sent very
Alicante,and Black Muscat
9, Sonthbrook Road, Lee, Kent, sent examples,accompaniedwith a
(fine bunches
of Black Hamburgh, Madresfield
this compact
Court
longcommunication, of Chenopodium Qainos, which is good used as
in hunch
and great in berry Child
of Hale, Lady Downe'a, Treba Spinach.
hibits
biano,and Alicante,all of first-ratesize and quality. In other exMr. Wells,Southend, sent some
examplesof Grapesgrown in Wells's
noticed from
Mr. Clarke, gardenerto J. C. Browne, Esq.,
we
burgh,
groundvinery. The varieties were Golden Champion, Black HamHolmbush, Horsham, good specimensof Kempsey Alicante ; from Mr.
Muscat
of Alexandria,Muscat
Hamburgh.
They were not so
Eannerman, gardener to Lord Bagot, Blithefield,
a
splendid6-lb. good as in former years. Mr. Wildsmith, gardenerto Lord Eversley,.
and
lianch of Gros Guillaume
exhibitor Lady Downe's
; from the same
old Vine
of Black Hamburgh Grapes grown
sent a largebunch
on
an
Alicante ; from Mr.
Clarke, Lady Downe's ; from Mr. Morris, gardener transplantedlast season.
Mr. Bannerman, gardenerto Lord
Bagot,
to H. T. Salmon, Esq.,Gayton House, Northampton, splendid
but which
Blithefield,
Rugeley, sent a Grape stated to be a seedling,
bunches
of Mrs. Pince, rubbed
in carriage ; Black
Hamburgh, and
considered to be the Mill Hill Hamburgh. Mr. Parsons,Ranelagh
was
iBlack Prince.
Norsery,Leamington,sent examplesof the AbercairneyGrape,which
Mr. Meredith, of Garston,sent a very good collection of White Grapes ;
is the true Alicante.
Messrs. Lucombe, Pince, " Co., sent examples
Mr. Morris,another ; and the latter and Mr. Meredith
had fine single of
a white
seedling
Grape,havinglarge bunches and fair-sized oval
bunches of Trebbiano, by far surpassedby Messrs. Lane's
splendid berries with a nice sweet flavour. Mr. A. Ingram, Alnwick Castle
bunch of Muscat of Alexandria.
Messrs. Lane had also a magnificent
Gardens, sent examplesof a seedlingGrape bearing
strongresemblance
collection,
includingBlack Hamburgh and Golden Champion, with
the Committee
considered
to Mrs. Pince's Black Muscat, hut which
"rand berries. In their collectionof Black Grapes Gros Guillaume,
in flavour.
Mr. Gardiner,gardener to Lady
to that variety
superior
the Muscats, and
Trebbiano
also exceedingly
tine. From the
were
C. B. Percy,Guy's Cliffe,
Warwick, sent examplesof a seedling
Grape
Chiswick Gardens of the Royal Horticultural Societycame
lection
cola
which productsthe bunches sometimes
white, sometimes
black, and
in which
laume,
were
some
trulyremarkable bunches of Gros Guilthe Aleppo or
sometimes variegated. It was considered the same
as
Madresfield Court,Black Monukka, which is a seedless Grape,
Chilwell,Nottingham,
VariegatedChasselas. Mr. Pearson, nurseryman,
and others.
sent several seedling
Grapes of great promise. One named'
Messrs. Rivers " Son, Sawbridgeworth,
sent a very largeand interAbram
Bass, a largeoval black berry like Alicante,with a strong
collection of Applesnot for competition,
likewise Messrs. Lee,
"estiog
considered
Muscat flavour,was
highlypromising.Several others in
-of Hammersmith, Mr. Cadger,of Luton Hoo, and Messrs. Paul.
the Society'sGarden,
the styleof the Alicante were
good. From
Mr. Miles,gardenerto Lord Carrington,
and
Wycombe Abbey,exhibited Chiswick, came
examplesof Madresfield Court Black Muscat
afine Smooth-leaved
Court was
Pine
of
from
fine
Frankenthal
in
house.
The
Madresfield
a
cold
Cayenne
a
9| lbs.
Apple
plant
grown
months
mneteen
of 4^, another of 4ilb3., in appearance
old, also two Queens, one
and superior
in every respectto the Frankenthal,thus
from plants
thirteen months old.
Mr. Burnett,gardener to W. Terry, stampingits value and its capabilities
for cultivation in cold houses.
House, Fulham, sent three fine Queens, weighing
Esq.,Peterborough
Mr. G. Camford, gardener
to H. D. Streattield,
Esq.,Cheddington,
4 lbs. 6 ozs., 4 lbs. 11 ozs., and
respectively
5 lbs. ; while Mr. Jones, Edenhridge,
examples of Late Admirable Peaches.
Kent, sent some
ham,
gardener to Earl Vane, Wynyard Park, Stockton,had a splendid Mr. Poulton,gardenerto C. S. Dickins,Esq., Coolhurst Park, Horsof 5 lbs. 13 ozs.
Mr.
Queen, but over-ripe,
Admirable Peaches.
Mr. Tillery,
fine examplesof Walburton
sent some
gardenerto the
Duke of Portland,Welbeck Abbey,broughta collectionof fruits,
J. Groom, gardener to Earl Stradbroke, Henham
Hall, Wangford,
consisting
of Peaches, Plums, Melons, "c. ; Mr.
Peaches.
Mr.
and Late Admirable
Suffolk,sent some
Pragnellalso had an
good Walburton
excellent collection. Mr. Moffat exhibited three fine specimensof
W. Cox, the Gardens, Madresfield Court, Great Malvern, sent some
Golden
Gem
Mr.
to
Melon, large and most temptingin appearance.
fine examples of Rivers's Victoria Nectarine,a very fine variety,
which a special
certificate was
Spiveyalso sent a collection. Some very tine fruit of Lord Palmerawarded.
sfcon and Walburton
Admirable Peaches came
from
Mr. J. Saltford,
Mr. Carr, gardener to P. L- Hinds, Esq.,Byfleet,
Surrey,sent very
IslingtonGardens, Ruddington; from Mr. Golbourne, gardener to J. large and fine examples of the Avocado
Pear, or Persea gratissima.
Blyth, Esq.,Woolhampton, twelve very fine Salway Peaches; and
Mr. W. Paul, Waltham
Cross,sent a Pear named Souvenir du Congres,
from
Mr. Turner, of Slough,Belle de Pontenay Raspberry,
the fruit which was
had pastits best. G. F.
of
the
hut
Committee,
approved by
fine,and freely
has not
examples
very largeand
produced,which this variety
Wilson, Esq.,Heatherbank, Weybridge Heath, sent well-grown
the reputation
of doingof Doyenne da Comice Pears.
"

"

"

260

jouknaij

op

horticultube

and

cottage

gabpener.

[ October

5, 1872.

Mr. Davie, Bridge Street,Peterborough,

sent a veiy fine Apple, be sent in for the table from a small
space, than having a few
named Lord Hnntley. Bass, Esq., Moat
BanL-, Burton-on-Trent,wonderfullylargeheads.
In many
a farmer's
garden we have
sent White Calville and Cos's Orange PippinApples,
the latter being seen
more
taken up with a singlerow of inferior Celery,
room
large and good Bpecimens. Mr. Sage, Ashridge Conrt, Berkhamp- than
would
have sufiieed for a bed of three or four rows
of a
Btead, sent a dish of Apples which proved to lie the EarlyJulien.
first-rate dwarf sort." E. P.
Mr. F. Dancer, Little Sntton, Chiswick, sent dishes of Belle de Septembre
and
Sandall's Pinm, both very valuable late varieties for

cookingpurposesMr. Beach, gardenerto the Marquis of Northampton,sent some

of Fungus,to which a special
a species
certificatewas

PRESTON

specimensof
awarded.

The

traveller

HALL,

NEAR

by the North
notice,three

Kent

MAIDSTONE.
Railway from

London
to
Maidstone may
or
four miles before he reaches
the
latter
town, an edifice on the left-band side of the line.
this occision were
on
very few. Mr. "Williams,
The glimpsesthus obtained will enable him
of HoUoway, had a first-class certificatefor Macrozamia
to perceivethat it
an
spiralis,
is a mansion
A first-class
certificatewas also awarded
of the highestclass. It is Preston Hall, the seat
extremelygracefulPalm.
to
Mr. Bull, of Chelsea, for Desmodium
penduliflornm,with drooping of H. A. Braesey,Esq., M.P., and is beautifully
placed in a
Urania
a prettyclimber.
flowers,
rose-purple
amazonica, a plant with
park of considerable dimensions,well diversified by noble timber
Banana-like
from
the same
foliage,also came
exhibitor. Mr. Green, trees and an
undulating surface. Finer specimens of many of
gardenerto W. Wilson Saunders, Esq., had a specialcertificatefor a our native trees it would be difficult to find
; as examples,twocollection of Neottias and other terrestrial Orchids.
Mr. Green
had
Sweet Chestnuts
the mansion
have each a circumference
near
also a fine specimen of Miltonia Morelliann.
Mr. Croucher, gardener
of
21
feet
about
5
feet
from
the
and
their tops indicate
at
ground,
J.
to
T. Peacock, Esq.,Sudbury House, Hammersmith,
sent Agave
the most
luxuriant health.
A group of lilms was
pointed
Mr. Turner, Slough,
Gibsii,a strikingkind. From
several of
came
as
the Dahlias which he has before exhibited. Mr. Kussell,Mayfield, out to me
being still larger. Other speciesare equallywell
that good
Falkirk, had also a special certificate for a fine spike of Vanda
represented, and the positionthey occupy showed
cserulea.
Messrs. Yeitch likewise had a special
certificate for a collectiontaste prevailedeven
in a long-bygone
There were
groups
age.
of fine specimen Orchids.
Mr. Bull,Mr.
here and there on an elevated knoll,then again concealingthe
chiefly
consisting
Standish,and Messrs. E. G. Henderson
contributed miscellaneoua
lections,
color
other objectnot requiredto be seen, while
some
boundary
the last-named showinga fine
group of the GuernseyLily.
the distant scenery was let in by ample glades judiciously
left
open, the view from the mansion
being rich and varied. The
view from the north front commands
the greatest extent
of
Co^nnTTEE.
Floral
for examination
jects

"

W.

Marshall, Esq.,in the chair.

The

snb-

CELERY

CULTURE.
well diversified. Adjoiningthe mansion
park, and is especially
weather, notwithstanding a falling is the terrace gardm with its fountain and sculpturedfigures,
to give before the late rains a soaking as well as embroidered
us
beds,the whole separatedfrom the park
of sewage to the bed which we shall earlh-upnext, followed with
scends
by an ornamental
stone balustrading. The
ground here dewith
clear water
to the lower part of the park^
a watering overhead
from the rose
of a pot.
gentlyfrom the mansion
while
at
the
Since we last alluded to the subject,
to
at
the
orders
the
distance
the
of
of
a
runs
bottom,
our
nearly mile,
contrary
river Medway. The ground risingon
excusable under
the circumstances,
the oppositeside terminates
conductors,but somewhat
of inquiries
have been privately
in that ridge of chalk so often called
made
to the ecothe Backbone
of
a number
as
nomy
of the Incomparable White
Seen from the same
Celery,and what might Kent."
spot is the parishchurch of Aylesbe the average
girth and height of our
ford, for its plain square tower peeps through between th"
plants. 'WtU, with
the exception of the necessityof bringingthe plants a little trees,togetherwith some
the quaint and
parts of the village,
forward, as putting out small plantslate seems
to be the chief
antiquegablesof many of the dwellingsgivingevidence of their
there was
lack of timber.
A little
cause
no
spects originat a period when
why so many cannot get on with this kind,there can, as rethe ground occupiedand the small earthing-uprequired, to the north of the villageruns
the Pilgrims'Eoad," along
be no questionas to the economy
which
devotees to the cathedral
involved.
Further
than the
city of Canterbury pursued
wish that those with littleground to spare should obtain the
their journeyings.More
remaikable
still,and I believe also
within
and
the
of
from
little
is
Kits
same
good quality
greatestquantity
parish,
Coty House," a monument
space, we
have no objectwhatever in recommending this dwarf Celery,or
of an
antiquityof great but unfixed date. Some
antiquaries
the spot where
erected to denote
Catigern,a
any dwarf Celery, as the Sandringham or other sorts, only believe it was
have found out that a good many
British prince,fell in battle with the first inroad of Saxon
we
Celeries
variouslynamed
turn out vastlyalike when
treated alike. Now, at the risk of invaders.
little
which
would
rather
we
avoid at all
being a
egotistical,
Turning to Preston Hall and enteringthe dressed grounds,
that this Celerybed, watered
of the first objectswe meet
with is " the old garden," as it
one
scribed,
deas
times, we may mention
will be our
third in rotation,and that as yet it is not
is called,
for it must
be observed the present mansion, erected
not quiteso earlyplanted,as the second bed
littledistance fiom whereso strong, because
some
twenty-five
years ago, is some
These beds wgre
earthed-upand now
4 feet wide, an old one
being used.
stood,the latter being entirelyremoved, its walled
with 4feet ridges between.
These
ridgesbore heavy crops of garden alone being retained. Againstone of the principalwalls
Peas in the centre, with Eadishos,Spinach,and Lettuces along of this glasscases have been erected,not temporary,flimsy,but
the sides.
The beds each held three rows
were
to believe,
of the dwarf Celery, substantial things,which, I have every reason
the rows
a foot apart from
centre
to centre.
more
costlythan a range of lean-to houses 15 feet wide would
Along the row
the plantswere
about 9 inches from centre to centre
Peach and other trees were
that is have been.
bearingexcellent crops
to say, the plantsin the bed when plantedwould
stand 12 by in these glasscases, which are about 6 or 7 feet wide,the front9 incbes,or a littlecloser in general. The plants in this bed
and
the
wall
all
moveable; the top also
lightsbeing as high as
had been all cleaned and tied some
time ago, the tying done
the whole presentingas much
is of glassand span-roofed,
glass
A few
it is so firm that the heart is blanching,and
is generallymet with in lean-to houses 20 feet wide.
as
loosely; but now
Plum
and Cherry trees are planted againstthe front glass,andputtingyour hand firmlyround the head below the leaves, you
cannot
the
there was
of the cases
a shelf for Strawberries
closelytogether. Kound that firm head, in some
squeeze it more
below the leaves,a tape line drawn
whole in excellent condition,and at the time of my visit (the
tightlyaveraged 14 inches
in circumference,some
the
batch
end
of
full
latest
of
less.
The
of
some
fruit,
Strawberries,
plants more,
May)
height
from the ground to the extremities of the leaves averaged about
British Queen, being then in,and finer fruit could not well be^
16 or 17 inches.
is nothing to the
Now, such a circumference
notwithstandingthe long period of dull cold weather previousto that time.
huge Celerywe have grown ; but from every one of these compact
littleplantsit is most
under
The other portionsof the garden were
likelywe shall be able to send a
crops of thenice head fit to appear
at any table, and from 12 to 15 inches
usual kind, a border of fine Lily of the Valleybeing not thein length,though wo
kitchen
of its contents ; but as there is a new
think a foot is generallyas long as goes
least interesting
there after receivingits various trimmings. We have fair red
garden and an extensive breadth of fruit plantationas well to
Celeryin beds close by, as we must study and provide for all look over, we will first take a peep into the latter,and a door
tastes ; but thnt red Celery,averagingdouble the heightof this
introduces us into what in Kent is
from the old garden at once
an
Incomparable White, would not measure
called
but is often elsewhere named
a fruit plantation,"
in circumference
so much
The

dryness of
barometer, induced

the

"

"

"

"

"

"

this dwarf white.

One more
remark.
Let those who delightin huge heads of
Celeryhave them by all means; but we know there are many
more
concerned
about the bulk of a first-rate
material,that can
as

orchard.
the
and

In many

respects it resembles

neighbourhood,so I will add a few

management.
First,then,I may

of the mansion

(havingboth

of others in
hundreds
details of its character
say the site to the west

the old and

new

kitchen garden

October

JOUBNAL

5, 1871.]

OP

HORTICULTDEE

between it and the pleasureground),

slopesgentlyto the north,
and in very dry seasons
inclined to be gravelly,
"the soil slightly
from the lack of
the adjoining
husbandry crops suffer much
well broken
I believe,however, the subsoil was
water.
up
when
it was
planted upwards of twenty years since,but it is
deficient of shelter on
the west side,a wall of only moderate
height on that side separatingit from the high road ; and I

AND

COTTAGE

GABDENEB.

261

Mr. Bradley also disapproves

of the custom
of layingbare the collar of the plant every autumn
by scraping
the soil from it in a basin form, as he thinks it encourages
of
suckers.
rather than preventsthe formation
The severe
tainly
pruning the Cob and Filbert will endafe is cergreater than that inflicted on any other kind of fruit-

lengthenedspur.

bearingtree,unless it be the Grape Vine and Currant,but even

pinching as
the high south-westers
occasionally these are not subjectedto such incessant severe
ing
Mr. Bradley givesto his Filberts ; yet the result in fruit-beardo here serious damage to the fruit. The trees in general are
is
could
be
wished
Mr.
and
all
that
for,
Bradley rarelyfailing
very healthy. This orchard is about five acres in extent,
to have a good crop, and this season
he has one
the greater portionof it is plantedwith Apple, Plum, and Pear
unusually
good.
trees,6-fe6t standards with heads which have been trained,or
Before passing from the fruit-culture I must
note that some
rather helped,to assume
the ordinaryrounded form such trees
those of
as
usually take when unassisted ; no serious cuttings,I believe, trees of Eibston Pippin seemed as healtby-looking
other
varieties
Mr.
21
of
the
feet
These
about
trees are
Apple.
Bradlty explained this by
at any time having taken place.
that
a few years ago
that
kind
Filbert
either
and
was
them
a
and
saying
only
grafted
underneath
are
each
upon
apart
way,
I forget which
it was, but the
and Currants,the latter 6 feet robust grower of less note.
"ob-nut
trees,or Gooseberries

'believe that

now

and

then

apart,and the Nats doable that distance.

siderably
The cultivation,
under the care of Mr. Bradley,differs confrom that adopted in most fruit plantationsof a like
and
that
but
other
tool
is
hoe
no
kind.
the
used,
Excepting
sparingly; for,as Mr. Fish has somewhere written a notice
on
a Vine
border, Sacred to the rootrs of the Grape Vine," so
Mr. Bradley makes
the whole of the ground occupied by his
their domain
fruit trees sacred to their use, not infringingon
with the spade, fork, or other implement further than is
He
necessary to destroysuch weeds as find their way there.
alive to their wants in other matters, and gives
is,nevertheless,
"

the
result proves that,for a time at least,the tendency which
Bibston has to fall into an unhealthy state has been arrested.
The new
I now
come
to the kitchen garden proper.
garden
ing
made at the time the mansion
was
and notwithstandwas
built,
it is on the whole the least important
good properties,
many
able
part in point of size,of this domain ; indeed,the space availfor vegetablesis very small. In shape it is a parallelogram,
with its longest sides running east and west, a fiae range of
lean-to houses occupiesthe whole of the north wall; while the
south one, separated from the pleasure grounds by a neat
Yew hedge enclosingthe usual slip,
is covered with glasswalls
also,but in this instance forming a similar glasscase to that
described in the old garden viz.,an upright glass front as
high as the wall,with a span-roofedtop,Peach and other trees
being trained againstthe wall,while Cnerries,Plums, and now
and then Vines, are trained thinlyagainst the front glass. A
of hot-water pipes also runs
row
along this structure, sufiioient
to protect its contents
from
frost in winter and spring,the
whether
whole having a showy appearance
; but I questionmuch

In fact, he
ali kinds of aids in the way of manure.
this orchard a receptacle
for all kinds of refuse that will
this
his
within
is
two
a
rule,and it will
decay
periodof
years ;
be seen it includes a vast multitude of objects whole barrowloads of rubbish from the kitchen garden,short grass and other
the cuttings and
matters from the pleasureground, and even
trimmings of shrubs and other things,avoidingall thick and
the
Now
and then
in
that
be
branches
might
anruly
way.
length of lean-to houses would not have been cheaper,
piecesas thick as one's thumb, I see, find their way in the same
many
alluded to being not
more
useful,the glass cases
amongst them, but in a cut-up condition,while occasionally and much
than 6 or 7 feet wide, and requiring as much
tree overloaded
more
glass in
as a treat a little rough dung is given to some
construction
would
do
for
as
other cause
is looking badly, their
houses of nearly three times
from
with fruit,
or which
some
their width.
The houses, however, occupying the north wall
and Mr. Bradley says it is wonderful the good it does.
are all of ample width,and are mostly Grape and Peach
houses;
Some will say the miscellaneous character of the' coveringon
The
of the latter,
one
the ground may
look badly, but such is not the case.
just ripening its fruit in the latter part of
June, was all that could be wished for in regard to health and
atmosphere quicklyblanches all into one hue, and the appearance

them
makes

"

"

is on the whole as agreeableas if the ground were

naked,
while the condition of the trees proves that they relished the
"food thus provided for them.
I believe other fruit-growers
are
the matter.
I mentioned
into Mr. Bradley'sviews on
foiling
relative to some
orchards at Brenchley in this county that Mr.
Mainwairing, a gentleman there,who cultivates a great many
that he
acre
of fruit for market purposes, pointedout one
acres
had only manured
with cut-ap Hop bines for several years,

abundance
of fruit. Another
coming on was equnllypromising;
while in the other vineries there were
excellent Muscat Grapes,
faultless in regardto setting,
and although not ripe when I saw
indicated they would
finish
them, their healthy appearance
off their crop without that stumblingblockin the way of Grape-

growing shanking.
Mr. Bradley also pointed out one
or
two Vines of Golden
Champion that looked remarkably well,but he had his doubts
and it was
lookingwell ; and the example at Preston Hall in a about- the bunches finishingso, as he says they are so liable to
in ripening. The Vine
like this,when fruit crops are far from abundant, shows
season
cracking,and consequently decaying,
seemed
to bear well, and the bunch
that the treatment
and size of berry were
their roots receive promotes their welfare.
markably
reAt the same
time it is not saying too much
to affirm that,if a
good.
Most of the Vines were pruned on the spur-system,they were
liberal allowance
could be given, the result
of manure
more
at all crowded, and the house
Mr. Bradley has been
would
be still greater fruitfulness.
not
being 18 or 20 feet wide,
The Black
to weakly afforded ample space for a good length of rod.
obliged to limit the applicationof animal manure
Hamburghs that were ripeningoff were remarkably fine,and the
specimens.
kinds
also
in
the
of
late
a
condition
that
esteemed
I will now
mode
which
at
were
glance
pruning adoptedhere,
promising
;
kind prevailing
"in the main differs not much from that usuallyfollowed in the
pied
amongst the latter as well. These houses occuthe whole
orchards of the neighbourhood. The Apple, Pear, and Plum
of the back wall,excepting a small space at
each corner, and as each vinery was
furnished with a largebed
"trees requirebut littleknife work at the presentstage of their
in the centre
for such plants as now
and then are necessarily
and then shorteningin an
growth beyond now
unruly branch
shoot.
The trees being mostly twenty years old,and being placed there,as Capsicums, fioweringplants,"c., the whole
or
not prone
had a well-furnished appearance.
A central opening into this
to
wood than is wanted
are
to make more
"Iruitful,
increase their size,nevertheless they are
fine range from the south is made
available for introducing
all looked
"gradually
ing
over
Tea and Banksian
Koses into the unheated
porch formthinned, where required, some
every year, and the branches
dn winter ; but it is in the management of the Filbert and Cobof greatservice in early
nut
the division which, I was told,were
trees that Mc
differs
that
from
Bradley'spractice
generallyspring.
This range did not constitute the only glassstructure,for at
adopted in the neighbourhood.
He adopts the summer-pruning system, and follows it out
the back of the wall againstwhich the houses were
placed,there
houses having a north aspect, wLich were
of great
two
throughout the season, commencing to pinch off the tips of were
shoot
in
it
in
summer
in
in
when
a more
as
be ascertained
service
soon
as
can
early summer
retainingplants bloom,
every
would
have
hastened
Fine
them
on.
which are bearing fruit and which not. The latter have their sunny
men
speciexposure
here ; the former kept reAzaleas and Cape Heaths
were
markably
tipsnipped off with the fingerand thumb, leavingfrom 6 inches
Bat this nipping-in process
and their conto a foot to be cut off in winter.
to them
venient
late,while the easy access
them
has to be several times repeatedduring the season, especially
an
arrangement made
agreeableapnendage to
These north aspects, however, I ought to observe,
stances
the range.
as
regards the central shoots,which under ordinarycircumthe
rjds
maintain
line
that
the
as
run
into
of
from
4
6
feet
or
of
sheds and other back
to
same
long tapering
up
E3:"3re in length,but are confined to the condition of a somewhat
buildingswhich occupy the north side of the wall ; but the
"

262

JOUBKAL

OF

AND

HOETICULTUEE

in front of thcFO sheds is not by any means

to be regarded
as
background and rubbish corners, for there are other
glass structures equally attractive to company,
consiEtingof
lints of glazed pits heated and unheated, and a forcingpit in
which Cucumbers
are
to be had almost every day in the year.
This pit is span-roofed,and partlysunk in the ground the
and consists of four compartments, both
end
entrance at one
Melons
and Cucumbers
The pathway is down
being grown.
each side suitably
the centre, and there is a raised bed on
heated with hot water, and affordinga good placefor the plauts,
wide.
Other pipes by the sides
for it was about 3 feet or more
of the pathway gave the necessary top heat,and excellent crops
the result. Both
Melons
and Cucumbers
were
trained
were
against the glass,with the fruit hanging down, that of the
space

"

"

former
being supported in the usual way by small pieces of
netting,and both exhibitingthe most robust health. Behind
this pitwere
two large span-roofedplant houses with glassall
round ; one
of them
was
appropriatedas a plant stove, the
other as an
tank and

intermediate

house.

The

former

was

fitted with

ample heating apparatus, and contained excellent

specimens of the most popular plantsusuallymet with in such
for flowering,
others for their foliage. One plant
places,some
attracted my attention might be said to comwhich particularly
bine
the useful as well,for ithad a very fine bunch or cluster of
the fruit of Musa Cavendishii ; the plantoccupieda corner
of the

Terrace

Garden

of fruit when it is first

given off by such a mass
put in, and no doubt he is right.
we
Eetracing our steps to the north front of the mansion
have
immediately beneath us the terrace flower garden as
with its ample fountains,displaying
designed by Mr. Nesfield,
considerable
artistic talent,and
surrounded
by a series of
scroll beds of good size,and mostly edged with Box and gravel
is gained by a flightof steps down the
walks,to which access
correctly-formedslopes and landings from the terrace. An
on
the
balustrading
retainingwall separatesthis symmeopen
trical
garden from the park, and the same kind of fence returns
round
the east side also,where
there is also another
set of
flower beds on the lower level of a different design; but I venture
to
to think the space enclosed
in
the
here,
proximity
much
too small
and confined,while to the
mansion, seems
south or carriagefront there is ample space.
The conservatoryat the east side of the mansion
is a polygon,
not very large,and united to it by a corridor from the
In
the
there
is
drawing-room.
centre
of this conservatory
usuallya group of large ornamental
plants on a permanent

allthe vapour

COTTAGE

pit,and

[ October

GAEDENEB.

5, 1877.

remarkable
for size ; on the contrary;.
but the fruit-bunch was
larger,
certainly
one
plant. The length of stalk having fruit
it
the
diameter
20
was
of the cluster 18 ircbes,
inches,
upon
the length of the largestindividual fruit 8 inches,the firth
6 inches, and the total number
162.
When
gathered in midJune forty of them
weighed 16 lbs. 5 czs., or a trifle over
6J czs. each, and a few days afterwards fourteen more
fruits
were
6-Jczs. each ; so that it is fair to expect
cut averagingover
the clutter altogether
would exceed 60 lbs.
I have
a fine

was

seen

by

no

means

many much
for such a

The fruit-roc m here is not the mere

lean-to shed met with in
places,but a structure erected for the pnrpoEe, and, with
many
the exception of one
at Enowsley, about the best I ever
met
with.
I forgetthe construction of the roof,but the house is
the
under
shade
of
and
is
some
sunk
trees,
placed
large
partly
in the ground, two or three steps leadingdown to the door at
one
end, and as the ground is very dry this is not attended
with any inconvenience.

It is

span-roofedbuilding,is ceilefi

ventilators in the
there are
part of the way up the rafter,
at the north side and at each end, the dooi'
centre, and windows

being at the west end.

Tiers of shelves run

along each side,
and one
tier in the centre, with ample pathways, and a fixed
table at one
end for displayingspecialfruits. Mr. Bradley
like to have more
ventilation in the room.
would, I believe,
He says the openings at top are
hardlysufficientto carry oS

and

Fountain.

a few also stand around, leaving ample

edged with stone kerbing.

bed, while

pathway,

The broad terrace on the north side of the mansion

extendo
westward
in a direct line for some
ing
distance,after first descenda few stepsto
lower level,
terminated
at its western exa
tremity
of artistic design. This fine walb
by a summer-house
is 14 feet wide, and at regularintervals standard Eoses of uniform
height and size are introduced on the broad turf margins,,
likewise Irish Tews
as
are
t
rained
to one stem each,,
carefully
and a few flower beds.
The entrance
iron gates
to the garden is throughornamental
partiallygilded,while statuary adorns the sides of the wido
steps leadingto it,and it is here the fine Yew hedges enclosing
the slip also terminate, a neat arch through the hedge giving
to the slip. Continuingmy walk westward
access
along this fine
terrace path I found that it communicates
with other walks oi'
to the right,tv
subordinate
character right and left. One
a
little beyond the western
end of the kitchen garden,and at
archwork
with
the
main
covered
an
walk, is
right angles to
of

trailingEoses, Honeysuckles,Clematises,lie.,bat mosll?

October

5, 1871.]

JOURNAIi

OP

HORTICDLTURB

AND

COTTAGE

GAEDENER.

255-

admirable retreat in

road approaches it in a straightline and at rightangles,and is

broad and margined by a very spacious width of turf on each
of Cedrus
side,backed by rows
Deodara, destined,I hope,to
make
fine avenue,
for alreadyin size and heaUbiness
a
they
their
are
of
to
and there
equal
any
age (twenty
years I believe),
are
each side,the inner lines at least 100 if not
on
two rows
120 feet apart.
Arriving at the end of this drive,which terminates on a
such straightlines
gentleeminence, I perceivedthat two more
also enter there at different angles. One of them I was
told
three
miles
The
was
nearly
long.
other,about three-fourths of
a
of
eminence
the
to
other thingswhich
it
an
mile,pointed
a
summerjudiciouslaying-on
having conspicuous
interest,
give
which the water trickles house, and other attractions about it. This drive lay mostly
water is not omitted,and a grotto,
on
racters,
through a piece of coppiceof Chestnut and Oak, but ornamental
down, is supportedby marble columns carved with Moorish chaConifers had been plantedat intervals along the line to giveit a
brought home by Mr. Betts from the north of Africa.
in winter,and Rhododendrons
were
moreFollowing the walks leadingthrough the wood from this spot clothed appearance
had
and other shrubs
I found in suitable placesRhododendrons
extensively
planted in front,while the ground,descendingfirst,
afterwards
the
with
of
terminus
elevated
been
a
rose
more
an
lected
much-negrapidly,giving
planted,
largepatches
extensively
posing appearance.
The soil is different soil from that which I had
plant,St. John's Wort, and suddenly I reached an imbeing in fact a dark-coloured sand. On this
building concealed amongst the green verdure, the been traversing,
two-storied summer-house
a
or
elevation,
mount, a commodious
racquet court, and then the entrance-lodge,having made
with a thatched roof overhanging a gallery,
somewhat
than semicircular sweep to the south side of has been erected,
more
the mansion.
Here
is obtained one of the best views of the from which a most charming view of the surrounding countryis obtained.
It is built of Eentish ragstone,with Bath
mansion.
stone
is highly enriched.
The carriage
a
nd
Young Rhododendron
dressings,
plants are coming up in thousands
architecturally
forms
Roses,and, being of good leagth,

an

hot weather.
The pleasureground to the south side of this terrace walk
rises gently,and is diversifiedby specimen ConiferB and other
sempervirens;
trees, amongst which are very fine Taxodium
Walks
also masses
of shrubs.
of convenient width give access
to it in suitable places,the area
being large,and eventually
into a wood
the dressed ground merges
at its south-western
tremity
side,through which walks also ramify ; but just at the exand where it is
of the dressed ground in this direction,
the
well enclosed with largetrees,a ferneryis formed.
Amongst

Preston

from

self-sown

seeds,and

seeing
years ago I remember
some
patches as thick as ever Groundsel is when in condition.
Some Larch trees,planted many
in a less
years since, were
satisfactory
state, showing that the Scotch Fir is the most
suitable for this site,
but Ghent
Azaleas could not have been
better,neither could Ealmias, but Andromeda
floribunda and
others seemed
not quite so robust,although good. AH other
plants of a similar kind are here well exemplified,
excepting
Heaths, which the presence of rabbits renders difficultto keep ;
but the sight of the gorgeous masses
of bloom
presented by
the Rhododendron
and Azalea can
have but few parallels,
and
although I have described the space they occupy round here
as
in which
pleasureground, it is not so in the usual sense
that phrase is used, for with the exceptionof the grass being
the paths intersecting
mown
on
it a few times a year, and the
some

WORK
KITCHEN

Stbiot attention

garden at this

season

FOR

GAEDEN.

to the order and general propriety

of the
will have its obvious advantages. Cab-

HalL

Thistles and

Nettles removed, all other herbageis allowed to

find a home, and after the blaze of bloom
presented by the
American
plantsis over, one scarcelyless effective is offered by
the Foxglove occupying every spare corner, and pushing its
as
mities
well,while its lower extreway up through the evergreens
view by the less pretentiousBrake, which,
are hid from
if unable to vie with it in colour, is immensely its superiorin
and continues its services to the end of the season.
gracefulness,
By a shorter route I gained the highway, and with a hearty
shake of the hand
with my
Mr. Bradley, of
worthy friend,
whose kindness I have had many
proofs,and of whose abilities
this fine place exhibits so many
I
examples, departed. My
falls short of the beauties of Preston Hall,therefore
description
I say to others who
Go and see.
have the opportunity,
J. ROBSON.
"

THE

WEEK.

hage planting can be proceeded with. Celerywill stillwant

earthing-up as it advances, and Endive must be tied up to
blanch. There should be two separatereceptaclefor garden

264

JOURNAL

HOETICULTUEB

OF

attached to every Isitohen garden I allude to this

because
the accumulation
of weeiJe and decayed vegetable
one
matter is considerable at tbia season
to receive
the matter
convertible by gradualdecomposition into manure,
the other to contain every substance that can
convenientlybe
of burnt earth and wood athes should
burnt. A good reserve
belong to every garden ; the latter may be very advantageously
substituted for manure
of a stronger character in rich
soils which it is desirable to relieve. Vegetable gourmands
pretend to discriminate between the Brocoolis and Cabbages
soil and those cultivated in highly manured
on
poor
grown
It is highlyprobable that the flavour
gardens around London.
of the Cabbage tribe may be heightened and not improved by
(rank soil,and no
doubt manure
is sometimes
and
excessively
in
injudiciouslyemployed in the cultivation of vegetables,
as
it is not the mere
most
cases
productionof the object,but its
attainment with every interest and peculiaradvantage that ia
coveted ; therefore,
the judgment should be exercised in every
that involves a
distribution of manure,
and another
case
attempt made towards a most desirable improvement in vegetable
culture.
Tbin out young crops of Spinach, Turnips,"e.,
before they become
weakly and drawn through standing too
closelytogether. Stir the surface of the soil deeply among
to
admit
air to the roots,
and to keep down weeds.
growing crops
Let spare ground be manured
and dug or trenched for another
crop whenever time can be spared for that kind of work.

rubbish

"

matter

"

AND

or

COTTAGE

named

GAEDENEB.

in due

time

[ October

in order

to be

5, 1871.

able to ascertain

the

heights, colours, ite. Ornamental shrubs, whether evergreen

or
with every chance of sncctsa
deciduous, may be removed
after the second
week ; no
hesitation need take placeas to the
kinds,provided the ground is properly
prepared by trenching
or
otherwise,and thoroughly
drained.
GREENHOUSE

AND

CONSEEVATORT.

The

Camellias which
had been forced into growth in February
and March
will shortlybe ready to open their bude.
Let
them be liberally
suppliedwith clear and weak liquidmanure
;
and guano in a liquidstate is advisc-d ; the latter in
soot water
small
The
is
quantities.
applicationof liquid manure
very
There
ia no
such wholesale
frequentlywrongly conducted.
manuring in Nature as we see practisedin an artificialway.
The ammonia
of the atmosphere is presented in very weak
doses,but in a continuous way.
May we not take Nature as a
model?
Some of the earliest Epaorises may be placedin a close
their
part of the greenhouse, where
they will soon
open
blossoms, also Daphnes, and many other plants,provided their
flower-buds are prominent. Aim at keeping the atmosphere of
this house rather dry,using justenough of fire heat on damp,
cold nights to allow of givingsnfiicient air to keep the atmosphere
in motion, so as to prevent damp being injurious. In
arranging the stock in its winter quarters in these structures
beware
of overcrowding,drawn
stock is not endured
in these
days ; it is far better to throw a portion entirelyaway than
FKtriT
GARDEN.
to spoil superior specimens. Much
of second-rate character,
Look dailyto the housing of tender kinds of Pears,gathering which
requiresanother season's growth, may be preservedin
few at a time, and preservingcarefullynames
a
and dates.
good dry pits,at least till the middle of December, when, if
Let preparations be made
for planting fruit trees at an early
have a chance of removal,
very hard weather occurs, they may
ing
opportunity,avoidingdeep and highly-manured borders,drainof the other structures
until the end of
perhaps, to some
thoroughlyfor stagnant water, and plantinghigh in proto be a maxim
in regularplant houses
portionJanuary. It ought ever
to the humidityof the situation.
that no two plants touch, stillwe must
who
confess that many
the proprietyof the principle
would admit
are
pelled
frequentlycomGAEDEN.
FLOWER
to practiseotherwise through want
of suifiuient accommodation.
Tender plantsin borders must be covered when there ia the
The
ephemeral things introduced for decorative
of frost. As has been often recommended,
slightest
appearance
be removed
must
as
they exhibit signs of decay.
give careful attention to young stock,and recollect that sturdy, purposes
Mildew
is often engendered by such plants. With
ordinary
well-rooted plantsare much
easier to winter than largeplants
sucoessional supply of Heliotropes,
resources
a
good
Fuchsias,
with long-jointed
soft wood. With good convenience
late-rooted
Scarlet Geraniums, "a., may be managed.
The Chinese Chrysanthemums
but unless they are
"cuttingsmay stillbe potted-off,
very thick
will shortlygive a feature to the generaldisplay;
in the cutting-potswe
would
preferwintering them in these
largeplantsmay be taken up, potted,and kept in a close frame
to shiftingat this season, for they occupy much
less space in
or
for a week
two, when
they will flower equally well with
the cutting-pots,
and having more
space for their roots they others.
should also be taken up from the ground
Salvia azurea
are
more
frequently
healthy, and require leas attention in and
it
will
bloom
until
late in November
it kept in the
potted,
winter than those potted singly. Square pans 12 inches
Salvia splendens is also u"efal for the same
wide and 5 inches deep are very suitable for wintering Verbenas, conservatory.
Lobelias,and other plants which can be kept in a small purpose.
STOVE.
state.
One of these will hold some
twenty good plants,and
Twiners on the roofs of stoves should now
be more
than ever
with care, to prevent their being injured by damp, they will
kept within bounds, cutting back all shoots that have done
winter quite as well treated in this way as if pottedsingly in
the
others
obstruct
and
so
to
aa
flowering,
tying
lightas little
4-inch pots,and a vast quantity may
be stored in a small
Place specimens ripeningtheir wood in the coolest
as possible.
Where
subjectsof this kind have to be wintered in cold
space.
of the house, and water sparinglyat the roots. Acbimenes,
frames
or
pits the plants should be potted singly,as they part
and Gesneras, that are
properlyripened oft may be
would be very liable to damp oft,despiteevery care, if placed Gloxinias,
in any dry place,where they will be secure
from
thicklytogetherin pans and put where it may be impossibleto stowed away
where they will be free from
but take care
to place them
"giveair for weeks together. I must, however,protestagainst frost,
should
be
and
lower
not
to
a
exposed
they
damp,
temperature
the system of wintering bedding stock in such unsuitable
than about 45" or 50". W. Keanb.
places. This practiceis generallyadopted from some
mistaken
notion of economy
; but if a fair calculation of the time required
to attend to plants wintered in this way could be made, and all
THE
LAST
WEEK.
DOINGS
OF
the losses taken into account, it would
be found to greatly
"
baa been well exemplified
rains but it pours
outbalance the trifling
It never
cost of putting up a proper heating
For eightdays we have scarcelyhad a
apparatus, and furnishinga few bushels of coke or coal annually. during the past week.
Where
alterations are
projected or in hand these should be dry hour until this Saturday afternoon, the 30t,h of September,
On Friday night and Saturday
proceeded with, and where plantationsare to form part of the when we saw the sun once more.
demesne, and in conspicuous situations,
ways
morning we had downpours that turned most of our walks
trenching should albe resorted to. Gilpin had a very good plan of forming into miniature
canals.
our
Having previouslypicked over
the positionswhere
flower beds,they stood four days and nights of almost constant
on
"groups in parks ; he first determined
and not far from each
rain with impunity, looking if anything more
two, three,or more, would be effective,
brightfrom the
The rain of Thursday, and especiallyof Friday
other,he planted these with trees of the desired kind, and of moisture.
a permanent
character,and then enclosed a rectangularfigure night and Saturday morning, accompanied as it was with a
of bloom a
around them, filling
up all the intervals with trees of very rapid wind approaching to a gale,has given the masses
"

"

Alterations carried
growth, with Gorse,Broom, "o., as nurses.
out during the autumn
are
doubly important,both on account
"ofthe season
for planting,turfing,and such operations,
and
also on
account
of the busy character of the springmonths,
which always bring suflSoient claims on the most diligent,
out
withthe pressure of extras of
The remodellingof
any kind.
parterres or the making of new
ones
may be carried on after
the middle of the month, and where old ones
are
to be broken
up the herbaceous tribes already
should be numbered
existing

have bright,dry
from which, unless we
drowned
appearance,
weather
in October, they will not recover.
If, however, we
fresh opensufficient
there
have some
are
ing
dry,brightweather,
the brightnessa few weeks longerwhere
buds to continue
there is strength and vigour in the plants. To-day we looked
Vauoher
Geranium, from which, two or
along lines of Madame
sands,
thouthree days ago, we could have cut hundreds, if not even
bloom
almost without their being
heads
of
of fine pure
missed, and yet to-day,when we wanted them, we could not,

266

OF

JOLT.NAL

HOETICULTUKE

not advise this in the case of

Brussels Sprouts,though they may
them.
would
wash
them
We
sound
a
leaf left on
syringe as stated above, and with the help at the

fresh,however small. We
strongplantsof Savoys and

would

not have
with the
feel very confident we
roots of sneh rains as we have had, we
should
obtain many
gatheringsof nice small heads or shoots
in quantity than we
could
{rom
the stems, ten times more
"xpect from young plantsturned out at the end of September,
in all such cases
we
should,then,advise the leavingof the strong

AND

COTTAGE

GAEDENEB.

[ October

5. 1871.

stated,the beds,say

of Geraniums, so thick with fine masses

that you could scarcelyfind room
for a fingerbetween
them, stood the rain of four days and four nightswith
impunity ; so that if no rain and winds had succeeded,the
of bloom

beds and borders would have soffored but little. This favourable
to a great extent owing, in our
result so far was
opinion,
of all fatted blooms.
to the previousremoval
We need say nothing of lawns.
Nothing could be better for
them ; and as to walks,we shall pass a roller over
them as soon
weather
the
is dry enough. The
chief work has been reas
potting

stems, though the leaves are mostly eaten and gone, but to
make
Pelargoniums that had broken after being pruned,
doubly sure the ground might be forked over, and young
The old stems, if sound and fresh, pottingLycopods and Ferns, taking Salvias,
plantsdibbled in between.
Heliotropes,
"o.,
under
however, be the plantsto depend on for largeheads.
"will,
shelter,putting-incuttingsunder glass,cleaning,surface-stirring,
the ground shall have become
and givingabundance
of air to the cuttingsstruck
as
a
Cauliflowers.As soon
shall plant out what we intend for hand-lights, and striking. As we
must
Jittle drier we
keep our cuttingsin little room
will most likely
is of importance
pot some, and prick-outwhere a little protection without potting,this last matter of air-giving
be given,as with all our
"!an
after-care the earliest Cauliflower
for keeping them stubby and healthy in winter.
We
also took
is generallythe best.
Cauliflower the rains
For late-heading
under glassScarlet Geraniums
that had been repotted at least
"have been very favourable. Young Cauliflowers intended for the
and winter blooming. Most of
for late autumn
part of them
iirst crop next year can
our
Ihey are
hardly be too young now.
cuttingshave been protectedfrom the rain,but the sashes
have been raised back and front to allow the air freelyto pass.
less liable to button than older plants.
We would
house
Azaleas and Camellias
if we
now
could,but
Celery. Fortunatelywe have plenty earthed-up to go on
weather.
Most
and wait a little longer. If we
should
like
in
such
look after them
we
must
had
we
not
to
as
with,
earth-up
intended doing much
sifted furnace ashes
in the way of forcingLilacs,Bhododenrain we
shall use
ijikelyafter so much
and slugs from the stems.
round
the plants to keep worms
drons, and hardy Azaleas, we would have bad them
potted by
the middle of October,and if the pots had a littlebottom
'We have had sent us some
infested with
leaves of Celery much
heat
We have thus forced Eoses well in winter that
all the better.
^:tieCelerygrub, which, secure
between
the two skins,eats up
taken
the
now
the juicier
them.
There
is
out
of
no
substance
between
The
were
remedy
ground and potted in October.
but takingoff all such leaves,
and burning or otherwise destroygreat point is to be obtain fresh roots before you start the
ing
them
before the grubs eat their way out to go to the earth, buds." E. F.
and pass through their chrysalisstate.
The most
simple and
"effectivepreventivewe have found is very slightly
TRADE
CATALOGUES
RECEIVED.
dustingthe
The
plants several times with dry soot after the end of June.
William
Hose Catalogue,
Paul, Waltbam
Cross, London, N.
where
aoent
the
and
seems
to deter
flyfrom depositingits eggs,
1871-72.
"there are no eggs there will be no grubs. At any rate we have
E.
G.
Henderson
" Son, WellingtonRoad, St. John's Wood,
not been troubled since we used that simple precaution.
London, N.W.
Catalogue of Bulhs and Flower Boots, Stove and
"

"

"

"

"

"

Greenhouse

Plants,dx.
Dean, 8, Denmark
Villas,
and the
The winds have blown down some
of the best fruit,
Ealing. CatalogueofHyacinths
and
other
Bidhs,
Hardy BeddingPlants,d-c.
most
forward will need gathering as soon
as
dryness sets in.
Butler
"
Coveut Garden
McCulloeh,
Market, London, W.C.
Oar
but
of
and
Pears
in
a
are
general
Apples
crops
very fair,
Dutch and Cape Bulbs, d-c.
small crop, especially
of Apples, is the rule in this hood.
neighbour- Catalogueof
William Thomson, Tweed
Clovenfords by Galashiels."
Vineyard,
has a large garden
As an evidence, a gentleman, who
Vines and Pines.
FEUIT

GABDEN.

Richard

"

"

which he cultivates for proflt,

told us
of Apples last year, and could make
This season
he did not think he had

he had a wonderful
crop
but very little of them.
tenth part of the crop
a
five times as
a dealer just

Catalogueof

Barnard, Bishop,

Barnards, Norwich.

"

Garden

Catalogueof

"

Requisites.

Child " Co.,49, Darley Street,Bradford, and Bradford Nurseries,

of last year, and yet he received from
Shipley. Catalogue of llutch Bulhs,dc.
logue
much
for
In
at
as
them.
Luton
some
George Yates,Underbauk, and Royal Oak Mills,Stockport.CataHoo,
places,
money
Pears
The
far beyond an
difference as to
of Floicer Boots.
are
average crop.
atul
D.
Fruit
Avenue
Orleans.
Dauvesse,
Catalogueof
Danphine,
the yieldof fruit at two placesis in some
seasons
astonishing,
Ornamental Trees and Shrubs, d:c.
though there may be no greatdistance between the places,and
Prin-JicJiNiederlUndiselien BaumselniCatalog der Koniglich
llauj)tthe treatment given very much
alike.
E. Petzold).Catalogue
of Fruit and
len, Muskau
(Park-Inspector,
Filberts and Nuts which
are
ripe should be gatheredso as to Ornamental
Trees and Shrubs.
be safe from their many
admirers,four-footed and two-footed.
logue
CataDavid
G. McKay, Market
Hill,Sudbury, Suffolk. Descriptive
When
dried pretty well we
found them
never
keep better than
of Dutch Flower Boots, Boscs, Fruit Trees, Ornamental Trees
when
packed pretty tightlyin 10-inch pots,the pots set closely and Shj-ubs,dc.
in a placeof an
equal rather low temperature, with a sod of
"

"

"

"

"

turf reversed
beneath
paper

the pot,and merely a double layerof

it. Of course, mice and rats must
be looked
as
after,or they would soon
empty the pots as effectually
first suggested to us
squirrelswould do. This idea was
by
ground
findingnuts with the outside coveringeven fresh in the understorehouse of a squirrel
in the month
of March.
We
that
after
of
rain
would
such
our
fruit
thought
deluges
be free from wasps and insects,
but we found some
hard Seckle

placed over

TO

CORRESPONDENTS.

Books
{Delta,Scarhorottfih). For exotic Ftrns. Hooker's "IconesFilifor English Ferna, Moore's
''Nature-printed Ferns."
They have
cum;"
coloured plates.
"

Offensively-smelling

long

known

and

(IF.Simons}. It is Phallus impudicus,

Fungus

"

common.
"

Botacic,"
Many gardens are termed
(J. Smith).
If it is reallyintended
to
just pretension to the name.
science
of botany, a portion of the
illustrative
of
the
garden
garden should have plants in it arranged according to tiieNatural System,
these.
Even
in allother
"written upon
and all have labels witb the names
larly
plant should be simiparts of the garden each plant or group of the same
labelled.
As to the ornamental
parts, that must be left to the judgment
Garden

Botanic

Tvbich have
make

"

no

the

Fears to-dayprettywell filledwith wasps ; but we must

say, in
all honesty,that they seemed
to have taken possession after
mice and rats had nibbled a way for them.
The wet, too, we
find has cracked a number
before they are ripe.
of the managers.
of fine Plums
Who
who
understands
Gardener?
For
is a Practical
details
refer
(Rose). A man
we
must
to
general
previous numbers,
in a garden, and perform
gardening, and can cultivate the plants grown
merely statingthat late Peaches in the orchard house are now
the operations there required is a practical gardener, though he never
air and more
more
heat
very useful,that late vineries wanted
was
apprenticed to one of the trade.
in these wet days,and that to neutralise the delugesof rain we
Tenant
Incoming
Outgoing
and
(Inquirer). The incoming tenant
the outside borders.
6 inches of dry litter over
We
have planted, and if you injure or
trees
put some
need not pay you for tbe
you
"

"

would have used

if we could.

sashes

have alluded

modes

of

throwing-offwater

them

remove

the landlord

could

recover

their value from

you.

of
Pear
Bollwiller
(O. A. r.)." This is stated to be one
the
late Pears, succeeding the Easter
Beurre,
carrying on
ning
succession
several weeks later,and being of as good quality at the beginthe Pear
on
It requires to be grown
in March.
of May as it was
Btoclc.
We cannot say whether it is to bo depended upon in the midland
fruitful
a
healthy and
more
counties,
Esperen forms
Bergamotto
Beurre

OKNAMENTAL

We

or

other

the

EEPARTMENT.

simple fact is
worth
noting. If flower beds are kept picked that is, all
dead and decayingblooms removed, a moderate
rain does them
little injury. It faded flowers are washed
fresh ones, the
over
is greatlymarred.
We expected rain,and turned
appearance
all available labour to pick the beds on a dry afternoon.
As
to the effects of the rain ; one

"

best

pyramid.
Peat
(S. JS. C). Any of the dealers who advertise in our columns
but
would
readily supply you, at your railway station. If you want
small quantity you might obtain it from a neighbouringnurseryman.
"

October

5, 1871.]

tbe

Horticultural

of

leaves

Cuttings

(E. U., Dublin).

Prohahly Mr. PouUon,
Nursery, Angel Road, Edmonton, Middlesex.

COTTAGE

AND

Potting

(BicoloTJ J.

sent.

Society. Habit

Bicolor, so

Rooted

HORTICULTURE

E. S. S.).~lt is utterlyimpossible to
Send a plant to tbe Floral Committee, Royal
is of much
importance in judging tbe value
tbat it would be misleading to give an opinion on a leaf.

GEB4NIUM

BicoLOR

judt^ef mm

OF

JOURNAL

Skimmia

GARDENER.

japonica

(H. .-I.)."
You

of wnich the berries

are
changing
of the roots, otherwise
tbe
many

plants which

are

267

very ornamental

take up the plant,

may now
not to cut off too
care
of a few
berries will fall. It is one
for window
decoration in winter.

colour, taking

Climbers, Ferns, "c., for

Fountain

a Small
Conservatory
ing
(Flora)."Of climbplants for the roof,Passiflora Comte Nesselrode,P. Countess Guiglini,
Mandevilla
are
These
Van-Volxemi.
freesuaveolens, and Tacsonia
Ringed
Spots on
Strawberry
Leaves
fJ. P.)-"Aspecies of Septoria
and should be planted in a border.
Other climbers are
growers
Sollya
tbese bleacbed
on
"does appear
sometimes
spots,but most commonly, as
linearis,Rhvnchospermum.jasminoides,
Lapageria rosea, Kennedya inoin tbis instance, there is no
fungus.
It is an
question whether
open
K. Marryattffi,K. bimaculata
phylia floribunda,
variegata, Jasminum
it. They do
"these bleacbed spots are
caused by fungi ; we rather doubt
Habrothamnus
gracile,Hoya carnosa,
fasciculatus,and Hibbertia voluiittledamage to the plants,as tbe season
of growth is nearly closed.
bilis. Flowering plants are"
Acacias armata, platyptera,oleifolia elegans,
Stove
Greenhouse
for
(B. B.).~If one
of Shrewsbury's pas-heated
pulchella, and lougifloramagDififia;Acrophyllum venosum,
Aphelexis
apparatus Is not enough, why not have two, one at each end of tbe greenhouse
macrantha
A. Woodsii ; Beaufortia
purpurea,
splendens, Blandfordia
? If you tell Mr. Shrewsbury the size of your house he will inform
Cunninghami, Boronia Drummondi.
Cassia corymbosa, Chorozema
corwhat yoa need.
you
(A Reader)." We do not know what reply you refer to. datum splendens, Coronilla glauca, Coirea Brilliant,
Crowea
salignamajor,
'Tell us tbe volume
and page.
Cypripedium insigne, Cytisus racemoaus,
Daphne indiea rubra, DracoList of
Fruit
Trees
intermedium, Eutnxia floribunda,Genetyllia
(Five-years Subscriber). Apricots : Shipley's, phyllum gracile,Eriostemon
Louis
fuchsioides,Indigofera decora, Kalosanthes
Ncctarin"'s : Hunt's
Royal, Moorpark, and PeachTawny, Downton,
Napoleon Buonaparte,
Ulruge, Violette Hiitive,Piae Apple, and Victoria. Peaches : Early York, K. miniata grandiflora,Imantophyllum
miniatum, Libonia floribunda,
macrantha
floribunda, Monochsetum
ruEarly Grosse Migaonne, Royal George, Alexandra Noblesse, Eellegarde, Lasiandra
ensiferum, Nerium
brum
Phaenocoma
Pimelea
Gro=se Mignonne, Violette Hativo, Princess of Wales, Walburton
mirable,
Adplenum,
proliferaBarnesii,
spectablisrosea.
Lord
Plumbago capensis,Polygila Dalmaisiana, P. acuminata. Rhododendron
Palmerston, Lady Palmerston, and Salway. A north wall
Sieboldi
is a very unfavourable
variejasminiflorum, R. javanicum, R. Princess R-"yal,Sedum
popition for Pear and Plum trees,unless you are
'In a dry and early part of tbe country; it would be better to plant tbe
and Witsenia
S. profusa, Vallota purpurea,
gatum, Statice brassicasfolia,
north wall with Morello
Cherries and Red Currants.
You might try of
corymbosa. Besides those you will,of course, have Camellias, Azaleas,
Pears, Doyenne d'Ete,Jargonelle,Williams's Bon Chretien, Louise Bmne
Primulas, tree Carnations, Cinerarias, Calceolarias, Pelargoniums,
of Jersey, and
Marie
Louise; of Piitms,Rivers's Early Prolific,
Victoria, Fuchsias, Cyclamens, bulbs. "c. For the back wall to plant along with
Kirke's, and Jefferson.
Camellias, Citrus nobilis will suit. After the bud of a Rose has taken, the
"

"

"

Wellingtonia
gigantea
in many
(A. Ken-). It has produced cones
to inquire whether
it has proplaces. Tbe intention at page 221 was
duced
grown
pollen and fertile seeds in England. We have heard that homeseedg
have been known
to show
of germination, but
symptoms
that they never
produced seedlingplants.
Various
(An Amateur)." Asparagusseed is fit to gather when the berries
red.
are
We simply stripthem from the stalks and store them in shallow
?)0xes,using drv sand for packing, and keeping them in a dry cool place
until spring. We sow
early in April. The remains of a turf stack will
i"v packing Geraniums
answer
to be wintered in a spare room.
We should
add,one-third of loam and sharp sand. In packing Geraniums
in boxes,
to be wintered
in a cellar,use
all the leaves.
dry soil or sand, and remove
They should not be watered, but ought to be looked over
occasionally,
and
be cut away.
any
parts which have damped-ofl" or decayed should
Frost must
be excluded.
It depends in a great measure
on
the condition
of the manure,
and
the time of year at which
of
it is applied ; but some
"the fertilising
down to the roots with the first
properties will be washed
rains or waterings.
"

Seedling

Passiflora
cihrulea
Treatment
(Beginner)." Wintev them
greenhouse or other structure where protection can be given from
frost,and in March shift those you intend for the greenhouse into 9-inch
pots, draining well and using a compost of two parts turfy loam, one
part leaf soil,and one part sandy peat. When
they have filled the pots
with roots plant them out in a border if you already have or can
form one
in the greenhouse, and they will grow more
in one season
than in three
in a pot. If inconvenient
to plant out, shift them into 15-inch pots
years
"when the 9inch pots are full of roots.
The plants you purpose
planting
be turned
out may
out
in April Against a south wall, where they will
pueceed in all but cold northerly exposures.
For the firstwinter or two
"afford protection from
frost by a covering of mats, which should
severe
in

'be removed

whenever

the

weather

is mild.

Seedling
Cyclamen
Treatment
(D. Jlf.)."
Continue
in the warm
"house plants from seed sown
in March, having corms
the size of peas,
and
two or three leaves,until the seedlings are
coming into flower. We
have some
in April tbat have been in frames all
plants from seed sown
the summer
and are
now
showing flower. Could you not give them
bottom heat ?
Storing
Seed
Potatoes
(A. E. F. C.)." Pieing" is not so good as
placing the Potatoes on the floor of a granary thinly,and allowing all the
and
In frosty weather
light you can.
it willbe necessary
to cover
^hem
with straw to keep them from frost,or if you cannot
keep frost from
in the granary, they may
them
be ''pied" after they have been
some
time on the granary floor. Tne kinds you name
are
good viz..Skerry
Blues and
Sutton's Red-skinned
Flourball,fine for winter use, and not
nearly so liable to disease as many
other kinds. This season
with us
three-fourths
of the tubers of Early Oxford
and Early Perfection are
^iiseased;one-half of those of the Early Rose, one-fourth of Lapstone
and
Early Red Kidney; but Ashleaf, Myatt's Prolific,Mona's
Pride,
Victoria,Red-skiuued
Flourball,and some
seedling varieties are sound.
Exposing
Protected
Apple
Trees
(An ^mafewr)." When
the fruit is
gathered the glass protector would
be best removed, as there is nothing
equal to winter exposure
for destroi'ing
insect pests, and inducing a
In planting cordon
"complete state of rest
under
Apple trees to grow
will be wellif each group
glass.ife
be of one
kind, as then the uuiformityof
growth and ripeningwillnot be interfered with, as it might be were
several
kinds planted in a group.
It is not,however, imperative. The principle
that regulatesglass is simply that thin glass is more
liable to breakage
and
does not keep heat in nearly so well as
thick glass. Plate glassthat IS, polished plate,is not suitable to horticultural
purposes,
being too
bright,so that plants have their foliage
scorched in brightweather. Rough
plate, however, is good, probably the best of all. 26-oz. and 32-oz. glass
to
IS not
superior
21-oz.,only glass of these weights retains heat better,
"

air

"

and is not
LiLiUM

so

liable to

breakage. We

use

26-oz. for fruit houses.

shoot on which it is budded should

the followingFebruary or March.

not

be

cut

ofi"close to the bud

until

Various
a temperature of
(R.F.). In frostyweather you can command
from
50'^ to 5o^ ; but to do that in very severe
weather tbe water will
require to be heated to upwards of 200",or nearly boiling. Good Scarlet
Geraniums
for bedding are
Bayard, Blackband, Blazer, Cramoisie
Superieure, Crimson
Perfection, Little Excellent, Queen of Nosegays,
a stock
is to
Sunlight, and Waltham
Seedling. The best plan to secure
the plants in pots, take ofl" the cuttiugs as you can
secure
them,
grow
strike them in heat, potting and growing them
In this way
on.
you will
have
kinds
cuttings from both old and young plants. Good
pink or rose
are
Christine Noseeay, Arthur
Stella, and
Pearson, Amy
Hogg, Pink
andra
Queen of Roses. Whites are" The Bride and White Perfection; Alexis a good Geranium, also Waltham
Bride.
Prince
Silver-edgedare"
Silverwings, Picturata, Snowflake, Bright Star, and Bijou, There is
much
of the Tricolor Pelargoniums, but Sophia
similaritybetween many
Dumaresque and Lady Cullum
are, as you
say the journals describe,
"very distinct,"and we add "good." It is when they are of specimen
size that their markings are most fullydeveloped. In a young state they
much
are
alike. For bedding purposes
have no experience of the
we
Geranium
It is well to propagate Carnations, Pinks, and
name.
you
to prevent degeneration,
Hollyhocks every year, but it is not necessary
which does not occur.
Hollyhocks are propagated by cuttings,the short
stubby shoots at the base of tbe plant being tiken ofl"closely,pjtted in
A young
Carnation plant with
sandy soil,and placed in a gentle hotbed.
one
stem will put out side shoots in due time, but if it grows very tall
take out the centre at 6 inches.
"

Vines and
cane
Gooseberry
Bushes.
(J.L.). A strong one-year-old
will be better than an old unfruitful rod. The young cane
will be sure to
show for fruit,and larger bunches will be obtained from it. The old rod
will also bear fruit next year, if the lateral shoots are
strong and wellin your house for both ? An ordinary vinery
ripened. Is there not room
attached to a house like yours
should have space for more
than one rod.
If you have no plants underneath
be
the Vines in summer,
the rods may
to tbe roof at 2 feet 9 inches apart
trained
plants in tbe house
; if there are
they should not be closer than 6 feet. Gooseberry bushes may be trained
standards.
It is not necessary
as
to strike the cuttings in pots. Now
is
the best time to put them in ; take off the strongest young
shoots with a
heel attached, and pick out all the buds except three or four at the point
of the shoot. Plant tbe cuttings firmly in ordinary garden mould.
When
the cuttings begin to shoot iu spring, place a stick to each plant, and
train only one
shoot up to the required height,pinching out all side
shoots.
"

"

Red

Spider
Vines {West Cumberlatid). Now
that the Grapes are
on
and having made
the hot-water pipes as hot
up the house closely,
with sulphur brought to the consistency of thin
can, coat them
paint with a solution of 3 ozs. of soft soap to the gallon,going over the
the leaves
pipes two or three times. In addition to this you may go over
and
brush off the insects,destroying their webs
with a duet brush.
Beyond this we do not know what you can do, for to introduce water
would be fatal to the keeping of the Grapes.
"

ripe shut
as

you

Vines
roots

not

Thriving

(Henri)." Va]e3s

the

cannot
conceive
how the Vines
for want of water.
Sometime
called upon
Vines
to see some
that would
the top soil seemed
all right,but the roots

did

we

starve them

ago
not
were

the
has eaten
did not
if you

wireworm
not
we

grow,

stated

how

we

grow, planted inside

as

dry

as

if

planted

were

.too;
over

We would
back the 6-feet Vine to 3 feet or so, and nip
prune
out the buds not wanted.
as long as
We would
leave the other weak ones
the buds
you could, provided you had a fair bud at the point. Whenever
swelled we would rub off,not cut, all except the best and most promising
We
ones.
would examine
the soil as to moisture.
Trap by every means
the wireworm, and sprinkle a little tar where there is no chance of the
of horse droppings over
roots penetrating. Place
the
a
half-barrowload
roots of each Vine, then some
mode for throwing
and adopt some
dry litter,
off snow
and cold rains,and next spring we
hope the Vines will push
strongly. Until then we would not think of destroying and replanting.
an

ovoH.

ExiMiuM
NOT
FLOWERING
(A Constant Subscriber).""We presume
plants are in pots, in which we
fiud they do little good, making
should plant them
beyond offsets. We
out at once
in rich light
Lifted
Vines
will not succeed
with
Forcing
(H. L. Cuzner). You
soil,adding freelyleaf soil and sandy peat, and sand if the soil is at all
As
tbat you intend to liftand replant now.
forcing Vines in November
heavy. Cover the bulbs about 1^ inch deep, and with a like thickness of
have
to force,your best plan would
the borders and mean
cropped
you
partiallydecayed hotbed dung. They should have an open sunny exposure. be to remove
much
of the effete soil from the surface as you could
as
They ought to flower in August.
do without
much
injury to the roots,not' minding if you exposed a few
Transplanting
Large
Birch Trees (TF.),"
You may remove
the trees, fibres ; then cover with a couple of inches of fibrous loam mixed with lime
12 to 20 feet in height, if they have not been grown
rubbish, then with from 2 or 4 inches of sijnilarmaterial enriched with
very closelytogether
and can
be moved
with good fibrous roots,which are essential to success.
Cover with some
superphosphate, and a good sprinkling of bones.
Move
them
this autumn
as
soon
the leaves have fallen,
as
for a foot in depth at once, so as to keep the heat in the
and when
litterymanure
them against winds
planted secure
add as much
more
as would
ground, and about the middle of November

your
little

"

"

268

JOURNAL

OP

HOETICULTUEE

AND

give a temperatnre of from 60" to 65^ and 70" on the surface of the
fresh rooting upwards.
border, "which will encourage
If taking-up is
resolved upon, we
have frequently described the process.

COTTAGE

GABDENER.

[ October

5, 1871.

be fixed,and the top 18 inches

of the 7-feet roof should have framed

and
the entire
half an
length of the house from
The front part of the roof should be at an angle
we
should run
along the front of the house, returning it
Vines Planting
(Gas-meter Ma}cer).-"As the Vine
has been planted
the centre
of the bed which we
should form for the soil, and back
two years, instead
of taking it up we
woald fork carpfuUy round
it, along
of
the
walk.
will in that
the
side
along
You
if
the
roots are
now
and,
spreading, leave well alone aud top-dress with
way have two pipes for top
beat and one
for bottom heat. It would be well if the covers
of the fluo
dissolved bones and horse droppings. If you resolve
to relift,
not
you canwere
so
water.
The
hollow,
as to retain
need
flues
do it too soon.
Be cnrelul of every
not
be raised more
in
freeh
water
fibre,replant
soil,
than
half a brick from the floor,and may
12 inches
he about
tbe poil over
at about 70",cover
with litter to keep out cold,and if with
deep and
9 inches wide
should
inside, but thiy may be less. The bed we
have
anythinp to keep out cold rains all tbe better,so that the roots may be
4 fCft wide, and enclosed with 4^-inch
walls,but from 6 to 9 inches higher
excited in*o activity before the top breaks.
Use the fresh loam by
than the flue,which
we
would
cover
or
we
to
would form a bottom
but do not raise it 8 inches
over;
all means,
above the present soil and roots.
the border
of flagsor slates,and
thus have a chamber
beneath
the
bed.
roots
in the fresh soil,but you will injure the ola
You may
get new
'We latelysaw a fine Oak tree killed because the ptem and old soil You will need to carrj^ the 4:l-inch walls 18 inches above the flags,and on
roots.
tbese you mut
place about 6 inches of stones for drainage, and thtn yoa
covered with a foot of refuse
earth. Your Vines ought to do in the
"were
will have left about a foot space
for soil.
You may
have the furnace in
in the open
north of I ondon
air, but of course
a glass covering,temporary,
or orchard-house
fashion,would be in favour of the Vines and fruit. front,and it should be so sunk that its top may be level with tbe bottom,
of the flue ; you may
then
the
flue
the
house on the level,
through
cany
Straweehrt
Plants
for
Forcing
the Strawberry
{A. B.).~'We presume
or with a very
slightrise to the chimney.
in pots, and the sooner
in the
plants are now
can
you
place them
Small
Forcing
House
(A Toimg Gardener).~'SVe have no objection to
conservatory, or anywhere else to save them
from tbis drenching as well
should
like it better
ihim iJ
the better. They will be quite safe if the tenipernture be a little tbe depth of the chamber, 18 inches; we
a=; frost,
of henting; for bottom
deeper. We do not quite understand
the mode
a'lOVB freezing,and will want
little attention,except seeing that they do
heat you have a pipe thmugh each tank, which raises the temperature of
over-dried
not become
until yon wish
to etart them
for forcing. It would
the water to 130^ ; that would
malie
two
be of no advantige keeping them at aU warm
pipes, and yet you say yon have
in winter
unlil you wished
four pipes for bottom
bent.
So we presume
that one
to start them fairly,
and
pipe on each side is
then they must
be brought on
gradually and
have no checks.
By either or both modes, for
Perhaps we do not quite see the drift of your que"tion. in the tank, and the other in the chamber.
such
a
narrow
border, you will have enough of bottoai heat, but for a
For early forcing,say commencing
in November
Dectmber.
tbe plants
or
house 9 feet wide we
do not
think that two pipes for top heat will be
in their fruiting pots, the outsides aud inought to be well established
in winter.
If you
enough for Cucumbers
We would
rather have four.
and
Sides of the balls being a complete mass
network of fine roots.
allow the holes in the blate to remain
should have 6 inches of open
yon
on
Beds
Grass {Sitmiy). Pro^vided you have enough of room
each
on
rubble over
with washed
sand
them, covered
the
below
fine
and
gravel
S'lleof the wslk and to spare for a croquet ground, we would put a series
turf and
soil for Cucumbers, Vines, "c.
If you
stop up the holes the
w-alk. and also of that in front
of smnll beds alone tbe sides of the wide
rubble
will be equally required,and the vents
for lettiuf^up
propose
you
of the windows.
look
Nothing, on the whole, would
better or be more
would also do for pouring; water
down
The
the rubble.
vapour
among
sample than parallelograms and circles ; the firstwith the ends curved to
that rises from water in a tank at ISO' will not injure if it rises at
vapour
S'litthe circles : the parallelogram 8 feet by 4, and the circles 4 feet in
a distance of 15 inches
so
It will also be modified
or
from
the
foliage.
diameter; 4 feet from the walk, if so much can be spared, and 4 feet between by
We
of any
would
not
like the roots
passing through the rubble.
the beds, to be filledwith bulbs and spring flowers,and Geraniums
Cucumbers
plants to reach the heated slate.
should not be overwatered
in summer.
in winter, or have too much
The
hot vapour
plants in pots will do best
Manure
for
Meadow
on
Clayey
Soil (X. Y. Z.)." If youcan
plunged if the bottom
heat is not above 80-". From
60'^to 65" is a good
manage
to collect a quantity of parings from
the
The Soolyhedgesides or ditches, mix it winter top temperature, with a gradual rise from sunshine.
"with about one-S'xth
of its bulk of quicklime, let tbe heap lie a month
or
to be a Lufl"a; we
Qua Cucumber
should not like to eat it,
appears
turn
it ; you will have
two. and thtn
a better
than
of the
manure
though it is used in China.
any
artificialkinds, as tbe most
of them seem
better adapted to crops under
Heating
et
Gas (South Norwood)." i^o injury occurs
to plants in a
tillagethan to peimnnent grpss; we have, nevertheh
excellent
ss, sten
bouse heated by gas if there be a tube to carry ofl"the fumes into the open
hay,crops after a dresf^ingof nitrate of eo'^a,or of bone dust, both on
"
air.
In-door
will suit you ; it can
be had free by post from
Gardening"
hea'vysoil,but we prefer the action of lime, and have a partialityto bulk, our office if
twenty postage stamps are sent with your address.
cannot
be had in the artificial manures.
which
If you
cannot
obtain
Heating
Greenhouse
and
are
Vinery
(J. B. Jones). We
sorry that
parings of ditches, perhnps roadside
eerapings can be had ; these will be
The
your
gas stove did not
give you sufficient heat last winter.
great
better still if at all sandy, and may
be applied without the lime ; but if
of such
stoves is the ease
But
advantage
with
which
are
they
managed.
the
use
take
not
the
care
too
materials
are
latter,
otheryou
earthy
wet,
for this,heating a stove with gas we
consider
in general more
costly,and
"wiee the mass
will become
like mortar
instead of the useful friable compost
far from being so
place,
iron
with
firebrick
in the fireeS"ecfive as an
stove
much
so
needed, and which you may apply at the rate of thirtyoneand buroing good coke.
doubt
heat from
You would
no
get more
if you have plenty of it,or twenty loads if it is
horse loads to the acre
the gas stove
if you
had a smnll boiler over
it m
the concave
or eaddlescarce.
back
in pnge
88 of the manual
for
as described
of " Greenhouses
shape,
li^^
EosE Leaves
jvrbi"
(Edgeirorth, W. J'.)."The leaves you enclose
the
Many,' to which you refer. We, too, would
prefer 2-inch to 3-ioch
to be injured by smoke
from
seem
chemical works; it is,however, difficult
A small
cistern
set higher than the flow pipe,and communicating
pipes.
to say without
knowing the position in which
and
they were
erown,
with it by a 1-inch
of tbe
the bottom
pipe, the return
pipe being near
if there is no chimney near
to hurt the leaves,tbey may
stiflVr from
the
in to which yoa
boiler,will supply the deficiencyof getting the water
roots being too dry. We have seen
leaves injured just in the same
way
refer,or a raised open pipe on the highest point of the flow pipe would
in the neighbourhood of Birmingham
and other smoky towns.
You
will also succeed
of the
answer
as well.
by placing in the furnace
Leaf
EuE
f"7.JE.)."The following is " the full botanical description" shed behind
apiece or coil of pipe as you propose, taking the extreme
which you ask for :" Leaves
divided
glaucous, pulpy, dr,lted,
like the umend out into the open air. You will succeed
still better
a coil
bellate
having
by
band
in the furnace
plants, doubly pinnate, or more
or
as
a
Linnaeus calls
proper
y what
boiler,and the pii^esfilled with wa'er, with
Leaflets obovate, sessile,the lower
superdecompound.
ones
smallest, an opening at the highest point in the house for supplying with water.
the end one commonly
with the middle lobe much
But
in ibe
tho
to avoid all these complications we
sink
furnace
trifid,
would
larger than the
rest.
15 or
take a flow and return
flue
18 inches, and then
potting shed some

glazed sashes,so

inch to a foot or
of 45". The flue

as

to open

more.

"

"

Supply
of
Vegetables
[Bin^li). No one
the amount
be knew
and quality. In " The

could value the supply unless

Eatable Funguses," published
engravings and full descriptionsof them.
"

at

We

there are coloured

office,
epitomise them.

our

could not
Ieesine

from

Lindeni
seed, but we

strikes

Seed

from
are

freelyfrom

not

aware

{An Amatcur).~li
that the seeds

cuttings that

need

can
are

no

in

belong

doubt

be raised

commerce.

in

It

beneath

present chimney. As you

up
your
your present pathway and
with
less trouble
furnace there you will succeed
better and
Of
all these complications of gas, hot air,and hot water.
the three quarts of water
for the
course
in the boiler in " Greenhouses
Many " refer to the boiler alone, and notto what is in the pipes. A case
round
the
is shown
boiler,so that the pas heats on all sides, otherwise
we
preferthat the gas heat should go right up the middle and round the
in the
and round
as
sides, as in tbe conical
system, or underneath
saddle-back system.
have
than

the

with

raising up a
stock. By "Lobelia"
mean
we
Verbena
presume
you
venosa,
plants of
at the'end of February in a hotbed
which raised from seed sown
of 75^,
Heating
20 Feet
10 Feet
not tke
a House
ey
(Grosmoni)-" Would
in heat, will make
and forwarded
good stocks by the end of May. and will
chimney stack that passes through the greenhouse give yon enough of
bloom finelythe firstseason, in fact better thnn older plants. The Geraniums
heat to keep out frost ? In some
such case?, where tbe fireplaceis near
in a spare
which you hope to winter
room
would
we
continue in
of
the chimney, a metal plate,say 20 by SO inches, let in securely,instead
the Melon
frame until November, keeping them rather dry, and admitting
moderate
heat
brick, has given out enough of heat, along with the more
if frostynights
be necessary,
air abundantly. It may
occur, to throw
the chimney above, to keep the enclosed
in winter.
from
space temperate
the lights.
mats over
There
with
hot water
from
are
two objections to heating the house
the
Fileerts"Tritoma
Stcring
Flowering
Late
[A S""scn"6pr),"They
dining-room fireplace; the first arising from the floor of the greenhouse
keep best in jars between
layers of sand, and placed in a cellar. The
stead
being IB inches below the level of tbe fireplacein the dining-room, inof the Tritoma
cause
flowering late is no doubt the cold summer
The
of above
it. With an open
boiler at the back of the fireplacethe
not lift them, but would mulch
round
plants being healthy we would
them
from
flow pipe might go on a level,say 2 or 3 inches
the top of tho boiler,
with partially decjiyid leaves.
They would
probably flower earlier if and return to the bottom, but the flow pipe must
not fall from
tho boiler,
as
the flowering is over.
lifted,and the best time to do that is as soon
and therefore
the pipes would
With a
require to be high in the house.
The plants will,however, be weakened
by the lifting.
fixed-topboiler,and tbe pipes still higher, the circulation would be more
Exposed
Trees
foe
and
Mottnd
{J. S.)." For the soil yon name
the
tho
connect
boiler with
an
rapid. One-inch
strong pas pipes would
to evergreens,
and should
exposed situation we should confine ourselves
6l)feet of 3-inch piping would be necessary.
pipes in the house, and some
would
plant them at 4 feet apart, using equal proportions of Austrian
in winter
weather
Pine, The second
objection is that in severe
you
Corsican Pine, and Srotch Fir. The first-named is the hardiest of all,and
have to keep a fire close to the boiler at night, so as to prevent the water
makes
the best shelter,and unless the mound
be extensive
we
should
getting cool. All things considered, an iron stove about 14 inches square,
If
it
alone.
wish
trees
m
at
for
dficiduous
and
set beside
the chimney stack
plant
20 feet
the furnace
you
you
firebrick,
y plant
part lined with
apart Sycamore and Norway Maple, fillingup at 4 feet apart with the
inside,with the smoiie funnel into the chimney well up, and a vessel for
trees
named.
water
he
mode
for
the
would
the
on
evergreen
top,
obtaining security.
simplest
CucnarBER
Construction
House
[A Beginner)." We should contrive
Walls
Wire-trkllising
Wire
Fruit-tree
in Front
of
(Z.r,)." Thero
for a walk at tbe back, riiising
the present wall to 7 feet, and
be no question that such wiro-trellisincr,
or
rather straightwire liuoj
can
making a
front wall of about 3 feet 6 inches high. You will nut need
" Bishop
front lights, as manufactured
has a great advantage
by Messrs. Barnard
but we would
have
the front part of the roof of lights7 feet loni/,aud
a
in every way over
the old and too general practice of faeteninw the
short roof to the bacli of S or 4 feet,which will need to be regulated acThe
snoots
and
nails.
cording
driving-in and pullingof the trees with shreds
as
If the wall he covered
and
it should
wall. Every hole made
be
out of nails soon
you c iver the wall or not.
disfigure the finest new
splayed at top to the width of the wall plate. The back part should
left open b:comes
for insects,every piece of shred left is th"
a harbour
so

no

one

"

*'

"

October

5, 1871. ]

JOURNAL

HORTICULTURE

OF

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

"
the hen tails called them
creatures." Their
half-bred-looking
very beat breeding place for insect egga, and it is chiefly because tbe
wall can
be
see
bow cheaply a nice new
proprietors of gardens cannot
advocates had long lists of mains
that had been fought and
covered with strained wire from 6 to 9 inches apart tbat the old system is
"
won
by tbe "henny-tailed against the sickles. Thsu one
wall,we would wet the
persevered in. Had we onr way, on building a new
cemeot, which
day it was put forth as an imperativerule and undoubted
truth,
surface well,that it might take a thin layer of Portland
leave the surface
smooth
and of a light colour, and on that we
would
that no true Dorkiog could have any white in his tail. That
would have wires strained for tying the shoots and making them secure.
evident mistake and was short-lived.Nevertheless,
it did
was
an
cally,
at economilooked
For this purpose galvanised wire is the best, when
constantly,
as
lasting longest and needing no puinting,except at tbe ends, its work, the sickle feathers of Dorkingcocks were
the
the stretching causes
off.
broken
which should be daubed up, and any hits where
Sometimes
accidentally,
they were
coloured,at
of this precaution we
have known
For want
galvanising to crack.
others they were
mended.
This has disappeared. The Game
rust and
of galvanised wire
soon
decay. All
baskets, "c., made
very
he frequentlycarried it over
his back,
tail,
and
then dipped ia the galvanisiog- cock had too much
such things should first be made
The tai's of Silver-spangled
hence the term " squirrel-tailed."
It is of importance, therefore, to secure
vanised
tank.
every exposed end of galshall not travel
wire
that the rust or oxidation
on
a
so
trellis,
Hamburghs wore
cloudy, and the fiat went forth that they
from
the exposed points. For trellises for espaliers,cordons,
inwards
The
at the end.
be purely white, with a black moon
must
supporting Rispberries in rows, nothing will be found so economical in
the suspicionof a sickle,
must not have even
Sebright Bintam
When
the end as irou supports and strained wires.
placed against walls
from
the
For
most
li
inch
the matter of distiinca is important.
things,
and the feathers must be clear save
lacing,and a spot at the
If much
closer the tilingcannot
be considered
a good medium.
wall may
The Spangled Poland must
also have clear
extremityof each.
behind
the wall
farther
be

so

ea'^ily
doae,

and

the

from

if

draught

of air

to do away
with the advantages of the wall as a protection.
old decayed walls, and could not obtain
hiive had some
very
the worst
to fillup the holes and
have used a rough concrete
wire, we
inequalities,and then studded the wall with metal nails 9 inches apart,
and tied to these nails.
The nails were
previously heated, steeped then
This mode
of treatment
before being used.
greatly
in oil, and dried
from rusting.
assisted in keeping them

does much
When
we

Fruits."
Names
op
(G. C.)."It is Hoary Morning, but the specimens
are
small.
{F. M ).~
Perhaps you have too large a crop on the trees.
Tbe
de Capiaumont.
bo local varieties.
The Pear is Beurre
Apples must
The
The
Pears
Poiteau.
07. E. TJoss)."
are, 1, Belle de Nofe! ; 2. Nouvenu
Plum is La wson's Golden Gage. {C. E. Lim,pjield]. Apples : 1, Wormsley
Bon
ChretifiU ; 3. Marie
Pippin. Pears : 1, Ne Plus Mf^urls ; 2. Williams's
Colmar.
Mons
Leon
lo Clerc ; 6, Autumn
Louise; 4, Colmar; 5, Van
in gardens
Plums
Orleans ; S, Jeffdrson ; 4, a wilding, common
: 2, Late
In Surrey ana
Sussex,
"

POULTSY,

BSE,

PIGEON

AND

CHRONICLE.

In the Golden
and Silver Hamburghs (Pencilled),
be bronzed
eihered
each
or
the cocks' tails must
on
the hens' tails must
be pencilled
edge of the principalfeathers,
to the tip.
Spanish and the French breeds are exempt from the requirements
far as their tails are conso
cerned.
of judges and exhibitors
shall have
when
come
We
to do with them
to
we
mooned.
sickles,

Arrived
almost
colour.
at the tail of our
argument, we are
afraid in these Darwinian
days of throwing down the apple of
have named
discord when
we
say. All the requirements we
have been met, the objectionshave disappeared,and as
soon
laid
down
there
no
as
the laws of the judges were
was
dif"eulty
little delay in producing birds that came
up to the quality,
the requirements. Degeneracy in a tail-less
answered
breed shows itself by the faultyspecimens increasingthat ornament
In all manufactured
breeds the chickens
in every brood.
where
constantlygo back to the component parts, and in cases
they are bred without fresh blood theyreturn to it entirely.
and
and

TAILS.
loses the hen tail,
and has
Thus a degenerateSebrightBantam
transition seems
easy from heads to tails. We always a full complement of long sickle feathers.
associate the latter with the memory
of Lord
Monboddo, and
cannot
we
once
help thinkingof a Wiltshire shepherd,whom
CRYSTAL
PALACE
POULTRY
SHOW.
THE
"aternised
the day
with for some
hours on
the downs, when
hot
would
and we
We
not be to place
was
were
hardly know if the proper course
lazy. We asked him why shepherds'
dogs had suoh stumps of tails. He said he could not tell. Mr. Elgar'sletter in our solicitor's hands in lieu of offeringa
"
'
He knew it was
drew
out oft,
so ; but whether
or
they were
reply,as littledoubt of its objectcan exist in the mind of anyone
in,'he did not know, he thought the latter."
viz.,to prejudicethe ensuing Show at the CrystalPalace,
or
Many will reoollecfcthe sensation created by the first Cochins
why would Mr. Elgar have allowed ten months to have
"'
Have you seen
these new
fowls ? "
"Ye?."
Well,describe
elapsedwithout bringinghis chargesbefore the public? But as
The

"

"

few
be very ugly." possibly,if unanswered, his letter might influence some
tails." " They must
no
ensued.
The firsttheorywas
that the tails had
who
are
unacquainted with the Committee, the Judges, and
been pulledout, but time showed they did not grow, and it was
of our
the management
previous shows, we beg you will insert
the truth of which
provement,
be ascerthe followingcontradiction,
can
tained
acceptedthat the birds had no tails. Some said it was an imothers that they were
the ugliest
from our
creatures ever seen.
catalogues.
"
The
Mr. Elgar states, It is very curious that a party being on
public attention was, however, called to them, and the
should be bo very fortunate as to show fourteen
caudal appendages," as they the Committee
correspondence was large on
them."

Long

"

They

have

discussions

"

"^1."
of birds and, except for two, get prizes for them
most
than curious,it is untrue.
The
is more
mate
approxithat can be found with the most fortunate Committeeman,
case
is but four prizes with fourteen entries.
Mr. Elgar's
with regard to the total prizeswill be found
like other statement
like a bunch
of feathers,
European poultry. It is more
With reference
those of the Ostrich.
As soon
the styleof it was
authorityto be equallyuntrue.
as
settled, upon the same
then the debate arose
about sending birds to the
as
to Mr. Elgar's general statements
to its colour. Black and white feathers
of November
in the cold,can
Mr. Elgar
tabooed in the Bufl breed,and were
Palace in the middle
"were
admissible only in the
Grouse
suitable place than the nave
of tbe Crystal
and Partridge.This led to malpractices; the feathers
point out a more
termed.
It was
found
not without its difficulties. It was
tail
then, as it is now, that the older the birds get the more
theless,
they have, and that it also becomes white with age. Neverthe tail is entirely
the tail of any
of our
unlike
were

pens

This

that offended were

ruthlesslyremoved, whether
colour or size. Judges were
expectedto examine

gination
they sinned in Palace,with its regulatedtemperature? or can his fertile imaWith regard to the White
Fantail and
?
conceive one
every tail and
"
the feathers. It seems
which
so
Jacobins
the
of
are
also a sort of red-letter day for
paraded, will
ostentatiously
pair
"
that Mr. Elgar was
not an exhibitor
fudges when they can disqualify
and
a pen,
post a placard you be surprisedto find
in either class,but that all his " pets
statingthe grounds for doing so.
At this time the ordeal a
were
consigned to the
Cochin
cock had to undergo was terrible,
and
the value of each pen being restricted to "2?
and all about its tail. Sellingclass,
count

"

At lengthit was
possible; that

nearlysettled that the tail should be as small as

there should be nothing approaching to sickle
such feathers as were
permitted should be as
nearly as might be the colour of the plumage. We believe
that remains to this day.
Next came
fend second only to the Montagues and Capna
feathers ; that

to a better conclusion
of their
readers may, perhaps,come
so much
as
mended
comvalue from the fact that the Judges never
them
found
this
of
and
not
at
one
a
even
them,
price
purchaser. It is,therefore, highly improbable that anyone
would seek to make the exchange Mr. Elgar implies. Eeferring
had died in transit
us
to the Pheasant, this Mr. Elgar informed
under exceptionalcircumstances
; he might further have had

your
true

iets,Guelphs and Ghibellines. Fortunatelythe war was only a

that we
self
Should Spangled Hamburghs
have cook or hen
the fairness to have admitted
wordy one.
paid him what he himtails ?
value."
Several of the best breeders and judges we had declared
demanded
and called the " marketable
for hen tails,
but the majoritywent
Lastly,no mistake was made by us, and no authorityexists
against them, and they
have now
a prize,for which
we
disappeared. There is little doubt they were very for Mr. Elgar's assertion that he won
refer him to the Judges; and as Mr. Elgar's further remarks
numerous
The writer of this
formerlyin partsof Yorkshire.
of
those
while
article once
an
impeachment
are chiefly
gentlemen,
stating
procured a very small Golden-spangledHamburgh
cook perfectlyhen-tailed,
belief in their integrity,
and it was
an
bitor
of much
service to Sir our
own
opinion which every exhiJohn Sebright in breedinghis Bantams.
will endorse,we leave it to them to vindicate their own
The opponents of i

should

HOBTICULTUEB

OF

JOUBNAL

270

attack

COTTAGE

[ October

GAEDENEK.

"

they see

Chas.

Howaed

J.

so maniteBtly
Nichols, Sues.,

first prize. Our

5, 1871.

big brother yonder has the chance of winning

him
ten-guinea cup, which, it he should win, would make
more
2, Exeter Hall, Strand.
domineering and unbearable than ever.
Perhaps it may
to express an
opinion in such matters.,
[We have other letters in reply to Mr. Elgar, but those from not be decorous for me
but it certainlyappears
difficult and more
more
deserving of
the Cjmmittee
alone can
be inserted.
Eds.]
honour
to be able to show
two good birds of my
sex, and
which reads so formidable
comply with that awful fourth regulation,
TO
MALAYS.
ENCOURAGEMENT
in italics,
than to show one
bird only.
that most poultryfanciers,
I believe
serve
Now, can you kindly inform us what we have done to dealthough they may not
Is it because we have not appeared in
this treatment?
perhaps admire, would nevertheless regret, the departure of
the
sufficient
numbers
to
from
there
the
Committee
seemed
have
as
?
I should
satisfy
grand exhibitions,
Malays
especially
been glad to have had
the opportunity of winning a cup at
last year some
For
prospectof their lookingup in the world.
"
but
we
it is Birmingham,
must
I presume,
rest and
be
assisted,
years Birmingham had offered them prizes,
now,
many
breeders.
Last year I collected
consolation
as
thankful," and obtain as much
true, by subscriptionsfrom
possiblefrom
of our
some
time I pressed the assurance
portionof this amount, and at the same
elders,that
disappointmentsare good
the Committee
the desirability
for young people." Dorking
of dividingthe prizesmore
Pullet.
on
into
three
and
instead
of
"3
evenly viz.,
prizes,"2, "1,
10s.,
and 10s.
I may state that this more
impartialdivision was in
POUTERS
IN
1871.
favour with the wishes of many
of the contributors,and, therefore,
One of the best indications of the increasingpopularityof
I think,should have been complied with. The Committee,
Pouters
be found in the more
worthy positionassignedto
however, declined,consideringit would be an insult to the
may
in recent
schedules.
Continued
breed to offer less than "3 for the first prize. I therefore readvancement, however,,
clined them
and
more
that
more
trenchant
this year to collect any extra money,
and I see
depends
the
comparison of
upon
by
The
specimens only possible in exhibitions of metropolitan, oi
prizelist that nobody else has taken the matter in hand.
Attention,therefore,may fairly
Committee, however, have decided to equalisethe two prizes, rather of national character.
be direoted to the competitionsorganisedby London
burgh,
and Edinand they have done this by making the first prize"2, and the
for
these
shows
both of
second 10s. ! !
This is an
are very available for the critical
encouragement with a vengeance,
in
had
the
and apparentlya change of idea as to what should be the value
to
convenience
of
view,regardbeing
locale,
purpose
the quality
of the birds,the styleand tastefulness of exhibition,
of a first prizefor such a breed as the Malay.
and the generalcarefulness of management.
to the cataloguesof 1869 and
Now, let us turn for a moment
1870.
Followinga noble lead,Edinburgh has put forth for its second
From those cataloguesI obtain the followingtable :
exhibition a schedule of greatstrength,its classification continuing
1869.
the liberal policyof the Glasgow fanciers,and beginning
No. of
Amonnt
Prizes
produced
indeed
where they left off ; while in the matters of lower
Breed.
Entries.
at 7s. 6d,
offered.
fees and increased prize money
determination
is shown
a
to
White-crested
Black Polauds
15
;S5 12
6
La Fleche
9
8 7 6
"S
outbid former Scotch successes, great though theyhave been.
18
6 15 0
"14
Malay
and with
London, with the CrystalPalace for head-quarters,
A glance at these figureswill prove that the Malay was
not
all the eagerness
of a recent convert, seeks to repeat and even
the worst payer to the Association ; and if we reflect that probably to amplify its late experiment with the Pouter varieties. Its
"3 10s. or more
collected by Malay breeders,the
was
selection of date last year told greatlyto the disunfortunate
advantage
Malay not only distacces the La FISche,but treads closelyon
of the classes in question,and prevented many
an
the Polands.
in
1870
the
Committee
reduced
the
Accordingly,
excellent Scotch specimen from appearing. But, notwithstanding,
prizesto the La Fleehe,and again the Malay breeders assisted
a quiteunexpected displayresulted,contributed
to mainly
the Committee
by a colleetion. The last year then tabulated
by English breeders,with justenough birds from Scottish and
givesthe followingresults :
Irish friends to make
true
fancier
hope for more
every
sentative
repreNo. of
Amonnt
Prizes
produced
Such occasions now
gatheringson future occasions.
Breed.
Entries.
at 8s.
offered.
for this year there is nothing to prevent
themselves,
present
White-crested
Black Polands
15
the Pouters of Scotland coming to London, or those of England
La Fleche
8
27
ling
Malay
returning the compliment at Edinburgh. Thus, by marshalunder one roof all the strains from every locality,
Now, in this table,the La Fleche have still further gone
may be
sush
secured
for
critical
and
change
interopportunities
comparison
back, the Polands remain justwhere they were, but the Malays
occurred
and
which
never
have
remain
half
the
as
as the
before,
have
and are by far the best
as
list,
again on
many
of
to
the
breed
if
utilised.
best
I
means
believe
than
the
improvement
more
duly
indeed,
they
paid
Committee,
payers ;
The schedule of London
lacks no inducement
if we
deduct the added
This, an outside observer
; it is compact,
money.
would have supposed a reason
for encouragement, and the encouragement
yet ample, providingfor every bird of whatever age, colour,or
takes the peculiarform
of lesseningthe prizesto
marking ; and of the prizesit may fairlybe said that Pouters
have never
before been so worthilyfurnished.
To the sum
of
the Malay, whilst they are retained at the very same
amount
lowing
for the other two breeds.
There
other
breeds
"40, contributed by the Committee, have been added the folstill
that are
are
donations :
The National
Peristeronic Society,a fiveoffered the same
prizes in 1871, though last year they were
British Columbarian
adult White Geese, for instance, guinea cup ; the North
Society,ditto ;
worse
payers than the Malay
Mr. Volckman, a three-guineacup, for classes in which he will
and the Silver-laced Bantams.
These,however, are not reduced
"
"
at all,
not compete ; Messrs.
for the Goose ;
Ure, Wallace, Huie, Grefham, Heaton,
but I
sauce
probably because it is not
should be very glad to understand
the reasons
that have guided and Fulton, each two guineas; Messrs. Percivall,
Esden, and
the Committee.
I know
not
what other breeders may decide, Taylor,each half a guinea,and Mr. Rose one
guinea,swelling
the total to nearly"70, and providingfive silver cups as special
but unless this be altered my indignation,
if not cooled down
birds at home,
petition.
to keep my
Joseph
prizes,for which all the classes but two have chances in combefore, will decide me
of Scotland
in force at the
Surely the appearance
HiNlON, Warminster.
November
is foreshadowed
CrystalPalace next
by the interest
Show.
At any rate, London
so
alreadytaken in the London
DORKING
PULLETS
GRIEVANCE
OF
AT
THE
rian
accepts the gracefulcourtesies of the North British ColumbaBIRMINGHAM
SHOW.
Societyand the northern fanciers named, and no time has
been lost in announcing that a Scotch Pouter Judge will be apI AND
what
pointed
my sister have been strivingthe whole of this somethe
to co-operate with
the English Judges should
to put on our
changeable summer
very best looks,and we
Scotch
entries
Under
of
the arrangement.
warrant
were
highly elated a short time ago, to hear you say that the number
all the circumstances, therefore,
the absence
Committee
of Scotch birds
had increased the value
of the Birmingham
Show
of some
of the silver cups to ten guineas,and wo jumped (in would give rise to no littleof wonder and disappointment. But,
the dark)to the conclusion
of course, they will be present, and equally,of course, English
that this certainly
must
be an age
of progress.
I must, however, confess that I feel considerably friends will help to garnishthe Edinburgh Show, not only with
hurt on
their Pouters, but with such other varieties as may be scheduled.
the prize list,to find that we have not
looking over
been treated with the same
It would be ungraciousto omit Ireland from these remarks.
amount
of consideration or courtesy
that the Pouter
It is known
by the Committee as in former years. We are deprivedof our
fancy steadilyprogresses there,
five-guineacup, and the most we can hope to win is "3 for and although Mr. Montgomery,one of itschief representatives,
cause

libellous.

fit fo notice an
William
and

AND

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

JOUENAL

5, 1871. ]

October

that his Fonters

has annonnoed

will this year be

kept

home,

at

the less ooutribnte

it is hoped that the " sister isle*' will none
Scotch
a specimen for comparison with the English and
many
V.
birds." W.

POULTRY

HUNTINGDONSHIRE
"This was
prizeUst :

GARDENER.

271

collection of Mr. C. Smyth was elaborate,

The second-prize
and contained
the mounting was
some
rare
specimens,but, unfortunately,
inferior,
exceptinga largeBustard, a grand fellow,and a good specimen
A case
of the Sand
Grouse.
of Owls, many
of them
rare, were
lost for want of being naturally
set. Mr. Brown's collectionof British
birds

SHOW.

COTTAGE

AND

HORTICULTURE

OF

contained

remakablywell- mounted

some

examples,notablya
*'

shot at Darlington.A
of Waxwingg, which were
case
single
magnificent Himalayan Pheasants,exhibited by Capt.Farrar,was
collectionof foreign
stuffed
great. Mr. John Gent was firstin the
I have not the
birds,"with largeand fine groups, but, unfortunately,
names.
Last, but not the least feature of the Exhibition,was the
of Mr. Wm.
Farrar's,which contained
a
first-prize
singlecase
"

case

held at St. Ives,on

September27th.

The

is the
following

of

"

"

"

D0RKING3."
1 and 2,
Wood, Clapton. ^fTW." Prize,E. Southwood, FakenCock." Prize,
"-iam.
Wood.
Pulleta." Prize,
Wood.
Chickens." I and 2.
Wood.
Wood.
Cockerel." Prize.
Hens.
Spanish."
Hall.
S.
2, H. Yardlev, Birmincham.
Deacon, Polebrook
1,
Chickens.
Cocfc." Prize, H.
Prize. G. S. Hall, Ely.
Prize, H. Yardley.
"

"

"

"

"

"

"

Yardley.
Cocfc." Prize,S. Deacon.
.G-AME." 1, S. Deacon.
2, S. Matthew, Stowmarket.
Gamk
Bantams
(Black-breasted or other Reds)."1, H. Yardley. 2, J. Good-

"

"

pair of the almost

the gem
exception,
One

bird

clean

extinct bird

the

Ruff.

of the

Show, and such

White, and the other a

This
a

case

was, without

pair is seldom

seen.

pure Cinnamon.
of necessity
must
be somewhat
Lonsland,
Grendon.
Mixed
Breed."
2, W. Cutlack, jun.,Littleport.
1,
be unsafe to trust the largecases
local in its character,as it would
Cochin-China."
1, H. H. Bletsoe, Barnwell, Oundle. 2, J. Taylor,Sutton, Isle
the
to
of
tender mercies
with their glassfronts
the railway.But,
-of Ely. Chickens. "Prize, H. H. Bletsoe.
Hamburghs
(Any variety)." 1. H. Yardley. 2, J. Goodliffe (SilTer-peneiUed).where such
specimensare known to abound, there can be no doubt
Polish."
1.Rev."W. Thornhill,Offord D'Arcey. 2, H. Yardley.
would be happy to enter into friendly
and as little
the owners
rivalry,
Ant
other
Breed.
Distinct
Prize, W. Cmlaci, jun.
curious
doubt
that the exhibition of rare
or
dermist's
specimensof the taxiX"TjcKa." Aylesbury.
1, H. H. Bletsoe.
2, S. Deacon.
Ducklings." 1, S.
And
Deacon.
Bouen."l, T. F. Upsher, jun., Sutton, Isle of
skill is as instructive as interesting.
not give
2, Rev. W. Thornhill.
why
Ducklings." 1 and 2, "Wood.
Any other Variety." 1, J.
Ely. 2. J. Goodliffe.
prizesfor collections of birds' eggs and nests ? 1 know I am treading
Maiden, Biggleswade (Black East Indian). 2, S. Deacon
[Eaat Indian). DuckBut I am
wholesale
corns.
not advocating
some
on
people's
robbery,
Unys."l and 2, J. Goodliffe (White Call).
2. J. Goodliffe
Geese
(Any variety)."1, F. H. E. Bridgham, Thetford.
or
anythingwhich would lead to it. Confined within proper limits
(Toulouse).
"(Toulouae).Goslings. 1, J. Goodliffe (Toulouse). 2, S. Deacon
is
birda'-nesting a healthystudy,mentally,morally,and physically,
Tdbkeys."
Poults." 1, G,
1, G. S. Hall, Ely. 2, Rev. N. J Ridley. Newbury.
and destroys
the jacketand trowsera also to a greatextent.
W. A,
K. Pearson, Witham
Common.
2, Mrs. W. Willson,Fcnstanton.

This

liffe,Coninffton.

was

departmentin

bird

show

"

"

"

"

"

Blaeston.
Pigeons
Peize.

"

three varieties). 1 and 2, H. Yardley.

of Prizes, R. Wood, Clapton.

(Collection of not less than

Cup for the greatestnumber

"

Mr. F. Rooper,Huntingdon, Mr.

Judges.
Wood, and Mr. R. Margetts,
Huntingdon.
"

John

Linton, Bnckden

Belgians."
Ciear or
Clear or Ticked Buff"

Ticked
Fe^iotf.- 1 and3,W.
I and
3 and
2, W. Bulmer.

Bulmer, Stockton-on-Tees,
he, R. Robinson, Middles-

borough.

1 and
" Athersuch, Spon
Yellow
Norwich.
2, Afiams
End, Coventry.
Darlingon. vhc, J. N. Harribcn, Beper.
3, J Cleminson,
he, J. Cooper,
M dilesborou^h
(2). Clear Buff."l ana
2,
Middieshorough; R. Hawraan,
Adams
Frank
" A her-uch.
in, Whitby,
3,J. W
vhc, 3 N. Harrison.
Evenly
WEST
HAKTLEPOOL
SHOW.
CANARY
" A'hirduch.
\ and
Marked"
W.
ii/tc,
2, Adams
3, S. Tomes, Northampton,
R. Hawman;
E. " J. T.Nicholson,
Boliweil,
he,
R.
Nottinsham.
Grievsun,
I MAY
of it at once
and be done with it. The
as well deliver
West
Hartlepool,
bird is ticked.
qualify CiNNAMOv."
to disfirstduty when judginj?at
was
re/ioJ"." 1, S. TomeP.
2, W. Bulmer.
3, J. Taylor, MiddleE3, W. Bulmer.
2, J. N. Harrison.
Variegated.It was
borough. ""#." 1. S. Tomea.
No. 21
W. Franbland), in the Clear Yellow class.
S. Tomes
J. btevens, Middlesborough.
2,
3, R. Hawman.
vlic, W. W.
1,
and
round
iJiebird and is ticlied,
most
nnmistateably ticked in front
Johnson, Carlton, NorthaHert'in. he, J. Tayior.
He claimed
the top of the left eye.
But no blame to Mr. Frankland.
R. RUcbie,
Lizard.
Darlington.
Golden-spanglcd."'l,
2, J. N. Harrison.
vhc.
J.
3. Taylor;
Suvens.
Silver3. W.
R. Giievfion.
c, C. Cleminson.
I
the bird at Whitby upon
dixit that it waa
not ticked.
my
J. Taylor,
c, J.Cltmmson;
spangled."\, 2, and 8, E. Ritchie, he,3 N, Harrison
and I offer no comment.
Ilumanum
est errare.
make no excuse
Green
2 and 3, J. Stephens,
Clear." 1, G. Atkinson, Gatethead.
vlic,R.
I have
in
the first
Show
held at West
Rubioson
YoEKSHiEE."
^Jiy Colour "\, J. Cooper, Middlesborough. 2,J. Rohson, EeCboth because
it was
it was
in all
and
because
the first,
lingion Iron Works.
3, J. Stevens.
vlic,3. Stevens; 3. Taylor; W. " C.
much
credit on the
respectssuch a signalsuccess,
Burni"ton.
he, W. W. Johnson.
2 and
and indomitable energy of the
Goldfinch
Mule."
Mr. Thos. W. Abbott,who,
Si7ert,IyMarked."!, 3. Stevcua.
8, J. Taylor.
I and
Marked-"
P.
J.
Tayior.
2.
Raynor.
3,
Evenly
time to advertise,
dint of much
tact
without even
" C. Burn
bton.
Goldfinch."
1. W
2, J Taylor.
and
with a Show of unusual
prompt action,to present West
R.
Rideadale.
Parrot
or
Parakeet.1, G. Rymer, West
Hartlepool. 2.
"

"

myself

My
(J.

Hartlepool

"

ipse

"

pleasure
Hartlepool,

reporting

Canary

ability
reflecting
Secretary,
managed,by
Hartlepool
excellence.
The Exhibition was supplemented
by the attraction
RABBITS.
but I was
the
told that the Canary Show was
Lop-eared."
1 and2,W.
of a brass band contest,
B.Boden, West
Hartlepool.I'hc,G. Atkinson, Gates1 and 2, R. Atkinson
heal
French.-2, R. Alderson.
Common,
Half-lopped.
and certainly
I never
saw
so many
attraction,
peopleat a show before. 1, W. (2).
F. Hall, West
Hartlepool. 2, J. T. Furncss, West Hartlepool. Himalayan
in a crowd is some
"Calculatingthe number
forte,I cannot do 1, B. Story, West Hartlepoul. 2, J. Corey, West Hartlepool.
people's
it,but I am within bounds when I say that the visitors might have
Judge.
Mr. W. A. Blakston, Sunderland.
having

"

"

been

numbered

by

the

thousand, and

bowls at the money-taker'sbos

seemed

the
to

contents

promisea

of the

Chinese

balance

will

which

West
in the
next year make
HartlepoolShow second to none
of its prizes.
amount
I need give no special
review of the birds,as the greaterpart of

SUPPORT

FOR

FRAMES

DURING

OPERATIONS.

I HAVE
found the followingapparatusinvented by an apiarian
here exoeedingljuseful.
"them were
noticed by me
in my Whitby notes ; besides,
I am
afraid
Take
two
pieces of half-inch wood 4 inches wide and about
of breakingout in a fresh placeabout the ticked Jonque! But I
outside.
In the
must justrefer to another gem of a Silver Lizard, which Mr. Ritchie, 1 inch longerthan a Woodbury hive measured
of Darlington, brought out.
The
Whitby hen was there too,but it centre of the two boards there is a pivot to enable them to
also
had to stsnd below this new
work
a hen.
beauty,
freelyone on the other. To prevent their being woodthere
As will be seen by the note at the foot of the award of prizes,
bound
pennies are half sunk in both boards through which the
stoat to nail up, a most flagrantcase
was
a
of tailoring.Mr. John
pivot passes. Two uprightsof half-inch wood, 3 inches wide,
Robson.,of BedlingtonIron Works, exhibited two Goldfinch Mules, about
8i inches high, and 14 inches apart, are fastened to
birds if theyhad been what theywere
reallymagnificent
representedthe
uppermost of the two boards,with groove to form a rest for
But theywere
to be.
and it
not, and that makes all the difference,
the ends of a frame ; each has a brass plate about one-tenth of
becomes absurd to compare
them at all with other well-known
Mules
inch in thickness screwed to the top.
an
I had seen
of proved integrity.
both these delinquents
before more
The use of the apparatus is to receive a frame when extracted
than once, and am
not sure
the
that on one occasion
Jonque did not
from a Woodbury hive.
If it is desired to find the queen, the
slipme, though I exposed them both at last Newcastle Show, where
the manipulation
have simply to be lifted out one
not quiteso cleverly
after the other and
was
casion, frames
performedas on this ocand it was
to these same
in the report placed in the apparatus
birds that my remarks
side of a frame
one
has
; and when
of that Show referred. The
in that instance took no
Committee
of the revolving
been thus inspectedit is turned round by means
action in the matter, but Mr. Abbott requested me
to make
a note of
I will not dilate
and the reverse
side brought into view.
pivot,
at Hartlepool.
the tailoring
to those apiarianswho have no
upon its advantages,especially
A greatfeature of the Show was the collection of staffed birds.
The
to assist them
in manipulations. By using it anyone
one
can
idea originatedwith the Honorary Secretary,
who is himself learned
the
use
much
of both hands is obtained
more
a
s
operate
easily,
in ornithology,
and a clever taxidermist. The display
made
in this
when
is
look
obvious
assistance
the
for
to
an
object
royal
and the specimens exhibited were
departmentwas somethingstriking,
for the most part rare
or
and well preserved. The first-prize
anything ehe requiring careful inspection. Two bars
cells,
collection
of stuffed birdj,"shown by Capt. Farrar, was veiy superioras regards and frames can
be placed side by side on the rest if necessary,
of
and
of
insisted
in
and
the
on
rarity specimens
excellency mounting, points
shape of the piece of brass at the top will prevent
the schedule,the latter condition especially
portance,
The apparatus when
being of primary imeither being pushed o".
in use is rested
for no amount
of red sealing-wax
atone for want of easy,
can
end of the hive after the top has been
across
one
removed, a
life-like posing,though in this respectall the specimens were
highly small block underneath
the two ends of the lowei board preventing
meritorious,and selection became
almost an invidious task. Capt.
its shiftingwhile in use.
D. D. B.
Farrar's
"

"

"

collection contained

the very

rare
Purple Heron, splendidly
[We can well imagine that the contrivaaco aa described laay
hawk,
Buzzard, Kite, Osprey, Merlin, GosPeregrine,
SparrowHawk, and others of the familyAccipitres.be of use to somie operators,but to onrssLvaa aad many othsis

mounted

Spoonbill,Honey

OP

JOURNAL

272

[ October

GARDENER.

COTTAGE

AND

HORTICULTUBB

5, 1871.

We
Bliould stronglyobjectto at least 15 lbs. before the end of October. If you require honey, and are
it would be greatlyin the way.
colony, yon can drive out
prepared to sacrifice a strouR and prosperous
Over the
in use.
the positionit is intended to ocenpy when
to the swarm,
the bees of the old stock, and unite vhem
feedinj:!
liberally,
choose.
should
we
"We
the
last
first
recommend
is
in
to keep both
the
case.
should,
however,
place
under
as
hive
you
inspection
open
stocks if sufiicieotly
populous, and if you are willing to afford the
your
could bo put up close to, or at_
any
stand which
A moveable
We
should also advise you to a.t "Bee-keepoutlay for sugar.
necessary
distance irom, the stock under manipulation,such as a tripod, inu for the Many," which can be obtained from our office for five stamps,
To any apiarianaccustomed to manipulation
will give you the information you require on driving bees, as
and which
would be preferable.
well as on various other matters.
with frames, the two hands of the operatorare all that
Bees
Removing
{Alpha)." Do not attempt to remove
your bivo or
racy
he requires;and to insure gentlenessof treatment, with accuare
3' 0 yards, unless
hives 30 yards, or
prepared to sacrifice
you
endeavour
to acquire
too soon
he cannot
valuable
lives. You must either take them
and dispatch,
of
tance
hundreds
to a dismany
a sufficient lenRth of
of abitut two miles, where
they must remain
of handling to enable him to do everything
such knack and facility
the bearings of their old locality,
to
them
and
then
to
forget
time
cause
but with as few extraneous
other assistance,
not only without
them gradually,
bring them back to their permanent stand, or you may move
Ens.]
fine day in the direc1 foot at a time after every
tion
appendagesas possible."
at the rate of about
and the spring
them to occupy.
The autumn
of the place yon wish
short distances,as
the worst periods for shifting stocks
of the year are
chilled while puzzling to discover
liable to become
the bees are
IN
JERSEY.
more
LIGURIANS
In replyto your correspondent " D. N., Cantab," I may
say that there is nothing strange in bis findingLigurian-marked
or
two
stocks kept within a distance of one
bees in common
Ligurian
pure
miles from an
apiary having one or more
is not, however, due, as be supposes,
colonies. The circumstance
to the desertion of his own
bees,but to the fact that the

with drones
hives have met
of these outlying
queens
young
from his Italian stocks.
The late Mr. Woodbury, not very long after his introduction
surprisedto find,on driving
of Ligurian bees into Exeter, was
hive located at least two miles and a half from his
a cottager's
well striped. The
of the bees were
apiary,that the majority
black one.
Being desirous of
a common
queen, however, was
he
asked
to put her at the
of
me
what
it,
might come
seeing

their entrances.
^

METEOROLOGICAL

OBSERVATIONS.
Square.

Camden

London.

Lat. 61" 32' 40" N. ; Long. 0" 8' 0" W.

111 feet.

; Altitude

9 A.M.

In

Day.

the

Radiation

1871.

"g2

Shade

Hygrome-

ter.

Direc.
Temp,
tion of of Soil
at 1 Jt.
Wind.

Sept.

We.
Th.
Fri.
Sat.
Sun.
Mo.
Tu.

27
28
29
30
1

Dry.

Inches.
29.2G7
29.260
29.793
29716
29.2'!2
29.259
29.846

dpg.

deg.

62.8
67 6

62.5
56.6
48.7
44.2
53.0
49.0
477

407
66 0

Temperaperature.
ture.
In

Wet,

fQ-S'"

50.3

Tem-

deg.
S.E.
N.W.
N.E.
N.W.

54.0
55.2

aiA
58.8
.%5
66.6
63.0
61.0
61.5

54.8

54.6
53.9

N.W.

On

sun.

grass

dec;. deg.
42 8

62.8
45 8

446
45.2

In.
0.750
0.041
1.220
0 440
0.3tO
0.050

87.6
S8.S
6^.0
65.6 I 43.0
93.1 I 45.2
104.1
42.0
102.0 ; 43.9
'
106.4
39.9

I did so, and had the queen for

colonies.
62.6
2
46.4
N.W.
63.7
49.7
53.6
40.8
W.
3
less
or
majorityof her brood came out more
quite undistinguish52.2
50.2
54.3
ringed,but many were
29.410
60.3
45.4
3.1 I 43.5
Means
2.840
The drones,however, were
brown
bees.
able from the common
those
from
of
colour
or
in
unaltered
REMARKS.
markings
any
perfectly
but frequent showers, wet evening and night.
27th.- Dnll day, warmer
bury
of the facts Mr. WoodThis last was
one
other black queen.
Great depression of barometer, which fell during the night to 18.88
and he justlythoughtthat
desirous of establishing,
was
(reduced).
for doing so.^S. B. Fox.
this was
28th. Barometer
a good opportunity
risingrapidly ; fine morning, but showers in the middle
of the day, fine evening.
29th. Dull morning, cold and very rainy all dny, but fine at night.
8 ith. Heavy rain during the past night,fine day, but wet again iu evening.
BOX.
LETTER
OUR
after noon, followed by still heavier,
Oct. 1st. Fine morning, but rain soon
Hen
Persi-stently
Sitting
HouDAN
(3/.M.). We are always glad to
with thunder, lightning,and hail between 1 and 2 p.m. ; showery
We
have
certain natural rules.
deviations from
hear of such amiable
afternoon and evening, but fine night.
[evening.
will now
add
them
to take place with Spanish and Hamburghs
A fine day though occasionally cloudy, only one
till the
known
2nd.
shower
; we
to the list of those that sometimes
enjoy a luxury denied, as a
after 3 p.m.
Houdan
Srd. In early part a bracing October day. partiallyovercast
has reached the unusual
total of 2.84 ins.,
The raiufa'l of the past week
rule,to their fellows in breed.
with 1 99 in.,makes 4.83 inches in a fortnight,
which following a week
a
the fowl ud by his
in (W. C. D.)." Hold
Fowl's
Poland
Crop, Water
G. J. Symons.
quantity in this part of England extremely rare."
him frequently and very
legs till the crop is entirelyemptied. Feed
oats slaked with strong beer, and in almost
Ground
little at a time.
three
a tablespoonful every
liquid state. If he will not eat,pour down
GARDEN
MARKET."
OCTOBER
COVENT
4.
the crop hang
have
never
He must
hours.
enough at a time to make
He may
have
The supply of wall fruit is beginning to fall oiT,and prices have improved.
some
water twice per day, but only be allowed to
down.
sip at it twice each time.
FRUIT.
Grey
Doehing
Plumage
of
(A. C.).-There is no rule for the colour
We
believe
black or white.
save
of a Grey Dorking. Any is admissible
s.
s. d.
B. d.
s. d
0to4
Mulberries
lb. 0 Otol
the breeding of Grey Dorkings is more
satisfactorythan the Silver-Greya. Apples
J sieve
doz.
5
Nectarines
doz.
qualified
dis0
Apricots
There
birds in the Silver-Grey classes last year that were
were
many
lb.
Oranges
^100 20
Cherries
for delects of feather,that would have been successful in general
Peaches
bushel
doz.
Chestnuts
competition. You may show them with confidence, the principal point Cm-ran ts
doz.
Pears, kitchen
i sieve
from
freedom
defects of shape.
being weight, and of course
doz.
dessert
do.
Black

of my
The
some
years.
well-coloured and
head

of

one

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

thing
not
Thriving
(W. L.). We believe the brick floor has somefor
It is worse
losses.
do with your
Nothing can be worse.
than fowls. Cover the floor of your honse with road grit or
gravel,or dry earth at least 6 inches deep. Peed the sicklybirds freely
on
bread and strong ale. We cannot help attributingpart of your failure
We have to write every week that the best food
to feeding on bad wheat.
corn
christened bad and damaged
is the cheapest. Verily, those who
"
understand
for.
If we
chicken's meat," have a great deal to answer
order
In
at
Christmas.
the
an
important
part
aright,
Turkeys
play
yon
feed them
their value, you
on
to ensure
to leave no stone unturned
worthless food, and you arrive at this result,that birds large enough now
In
most
bone.
to weigh 15 lbs.,weigh nothing, being but skin and
lOd. per lb. Say in your
localitythey make Sd.
counties Turkeys make
Ge. 8d. You
You have eighty Turkeys should weigh 1200 lbs.,value Ml
have economised
"5 by buying bad instead of good food, and you have
"
Your
will have cost you
nil."
economy
eighty Turkeys, 700 lbs.,value
it. Have
It is probably not too late to mend
at present, at least "30.
some
ground oats with a small quantity, say a tenth, of pea and beanwith it.
feed them
mixed
with milk three or four times
meal
per day, and

Turkeys

"

to

Turkeys

As

soon

as

they begin

to

rallylet

trough

of the

same

food

be

put

in

they
their house, and leave the door open that they may
go to it when
like,but there must not be enough to turn suur, and the trough should
be well washed
out every
day. We believe in camphor, but you may try
If they have a grass
in their water.
strong beer, and put wormwood
run, well and
good ; but if they have not, they should have large sods of
cut every
growing grass
day with plenty of mould on them, and thrown
into them.
They will eat it all. Lettuces are good for them, and all
green food.
Pigkon

Portraits

454,471,473,483,and

(A. M.), In addition

"

to those

you

name,

Nos.

548,

500.

Feeding
Bees to Obtain
valueless to feed your
stock
hive with empty combs
has a
supply it with sufficient food

Filberts
Cobs

Gooseberries
Grapes, Hothouse

"

lb.

i sieve
doz.
lb.
lb.
bashel
10
1
VIOO

Quinces
Raspberries

quart

Strawberries
Wahiuts
ditto

lb.

VIOO

Lemons
Melons

each

0
0

16

VEGETABLES.
8.

Artichokes
Asparagus
Beans, Kidney
Broad

Beet, Red
Broccoli
Brussels

Cabbage

doz.

i sieve

Capaicums
Carrots
Cauliflower

1P100
bunch
doz.

bundle
Coleworts..
doz. bunches
each
Cucumbers
doz.
pickling
doz.
Endive
bunch
Fennel
Garlic
lb.
bunch
Herbs
bundle
Horseradish

Celery

d.

s. d

4 too

qflOO. 0

bushel
doz.
bundle
Sprouts. .i sieve
doz.

0
0
u

2
1
1
0

bunch
doz.
Lettuce
Mushrooms
pottle
" Cress, .punnet
Mustard
Onions
doz. bunches
per

Leeks

pickling
Parsley
Parsnips

quart

Peas
Potatoes

quart

3
0

Savoys

Sea-kale
Shallots

sieve
doz.

Kideey
Radishes.,
Rhubarb

3 too
1

doz.

bushel
do.
bunches
bundle
doz.
basket
lb.
bushel

0
0
0

Spinach

Vegetable Marrows.

Tomatoes

Turnips

doz.

bunch
.doz.

4.
MARKET."
October
POULTRY
served
has passed away. Queen Boss's day is less obMichaelmas
Those that wero
to
market.
Geese
fewer
come
every
year, and
and
thin and badly fed^
that were
good this year sold well, but many
is at
for Geese now
The
real market
return.
killed will make
a poor
Christmas.
Another

Honey
(E. M. L). It would be absurd and
If the
of taking off honey.
for the purpose
to
strong population, it would be advisable
to bring up its weight, exclusive of hive, to

Pine Apples
Flams

doz.
lb.
lb.

Figs

JOtJENAL

274

HOETICULTUBE

OP

AND

COTTAGE

GAEDENEB.

12, 1871.

[ October

in the way I
He would probably,by that appearance, have won
his way into
for wintering Geraniums
than one garden.
more
recommend, bnt I do stronglyobject to the cold and damp
Thus my .catalogue
ends, bnt if this kind of prize or inquiry
being still advocated as the best,and
treatment of Geraniums
tender
has been known
in other counties besides that in which I write,
to suppose that a plant is made
a fallacy
it is altogether
and
which
in
condition
of
and
a
some
now
growing
during winter,
your readers will probably recognise,
by being kept warm
and its constitution made
let others state their experience
stronger by that I have set the ball rolling,
or that it is hardened
is and the champion Boses.
A. C.
being kept cold ; on the contrary, I think that the reverse
the case.
Plenty of light and air,with a suflEtciency
generally

have the convenience

"

of evaporaof water at the roots in accordance with the amount

tion,
if it can be called a secret,of success.
is the greatsecret,
than
be
of
more
enfeebling
forcingplants
course, can
Nothing,
shaded houses where all the growth is necessarily
in winter in close,
lank and succulent ; but this is a far different thing to
I am
what
speakingof,and the cost of double-span houses
10 feet wide each is comparatively
small; and if the Editors would like it,I will send drawings
detailsof a house only 30 feet by 10, which will hold about
three thousand bedding plantsin 4inch pots,the glassput in
out
without putty or laps,and plenty of ventilation secured withdo.
Eds.] All gar[By all means
deners
any hinged windows.
who have seen it have taken a greatfancy to it.
be
to
these
notes
too
allowed
to
I have
long
say
prefatory
this time,
themselves
anythingwith regard to the Geraniums
of
bnt will do so in my
next, and must
apologise to many
what they have often heard
your readers if I have only repeated

with fixed rafters about

and

POTATOES.
The

soil of your correspondent" K." (see

page 235)must be
unearthly,and I should think lunar volcanic,or it would not
The
bare idea of his rejectplay such pranks with Potatoes.
ing
the Ashleafs is enough to make
think this,for after
one
of
I
that
for
can
experiment,
safelysay
many,
many
years
and earlyautumn
eating there is no sort to
spring,summer,
approach the four or five sorts of Ashleafs, including the
Gloucester
Kidney. Their flavour is beyond approach, and

them, not the deluge, but the old true Lapstone not
and any
purple, mind
gentleman of good taste would be
satisfied. As to the Early Eose, and, indeed, all the Yankee
sorts,they are, as compared with the above,nasty ; I can say
nothing with less meaning. They have been introduced by
and should be avoided.
advertisers,
My soil is not from the moon, and is not at all unearthly,
but
is
a
dry,
sandy,calcareous loam, which never fails in giving
before." C. P. Peach.
us
good Potatoes of English sorts. I received my seed of
ticultural
Early Eose and Goodrich from Mr. Barron of the Eoyal HorTHE
ROOM.
BEST
ROSE
IN
THE
Society'sgardens,at Chiswick,and also from Boston,
of
"
to which I have the honour
Ih two Eose Associations,
U.S.
K." has most likelybeen cultivating
English sort
some
form of competitionhas latelybeen
Instead of that horrible misnamed
lucus a non
belonging,a somewhat new
Early Eose, a
in the show.
started, by ofieringa prize for the best Eose
lucendo," and has thus been deceived,for,depend upon it,no
readers to hear the
of your
be interestingto some
favourite
'It may
American
sort equals or approaches to equalityour
At
of the successful Eoses.
the French, with their peculiar
Jesuit,and to know the names
English kinds,which it seems
should
Tea
Eoses
be
fair
that
considered
to
first it was
hardly
horticultural conceit,have recentlyfound out, and which the
perhaps scarcely Americans, if their perverse climate will allow them to grow
be pitted against Hybrid Perpetuals,and
and
that
is
now
the
two
done,
t
o
however,
;
Ashleafs,will also find. As to the exhibition of fiftykinds of
possible compare
The extra
in one instance at least a Tea Eose was the winner.
Potatoes,why not make it one hundred ? I could select ten
and necessitates sorts from one
bin.
Out of the fifty
let the exhibitors select
work givento the Judges is very considerable,
"
"
and
lencies
excelspecial
most exact knowledge of a Eose's
points
five for the table of a gentleman, and two or three more
ductive
prosmall
a
such
is
such a sort
a
: perhaps
sorts for cottagers,
only possibleamong
and say two for cattle,
prize
number
of competitors; with us, at any rate,the thing has been
which
the
Mormons
and
is
seem
to
by
imported
now
eat,
as
The adjudgingwas entered upon as a labour of
Mormon-lover.
of large numbers
a great success.
some
Surely the exhibiting
It is a
of Potatoes is a vanity. Solanum.
love,while the interest excited was very considerable.
prize that has the advantage of being,not unfrequently,taken
had
been
unsuccessful,
box
which
previously
by a Eose out of a
No. 1.
HOLIDAY"
A GARDENER'S
wider area.
a somewhat
thus helping to spread the awards over
the rule prevails,
desirable where
as among
is much
of historical interest in the neighbourhcoi
This is especially
Thebe
than three prizes at
situated at the meeting
of Kelso, and the town is beautifully
competitorshall take more
us, that no
list of such
show.
It is evident that a correotly-kept
the same
Standing on the well-built bridge
ot the Teviot and Tweed.
as
of a series,which,
which crosses
the Tweed, at one end we see the old Abbey built
prize Eoses would furnish the names
of his successors
designated "A
they say, no gentleman'sfamily should be without."
by King David I. (whom one
All Eose growers must have remarked
how, in certain seasons,
for
a crown
sair saunt
"),one of the most strikingruins of its
"
better than in others.
Every kind in Scotland. Looking up the river on the left-hand side
Eoses seem
to do so much
some
dog has its day," perhaps every Dog Eose ; certainlyit is the one sees the ruin of old Eoxburghe Castle,the scene of many
This is strikinglybrought a fierce contest between the English and Scotch.
II. (of
ten thousand.
James
in the upper
case
the best Eose in the Show."
of his own
cannon
killed by the burstingof one
out in awarding the prize to
was
Scotland)
Mareohal
all
before
as
will
still
Eose
is
a
new
this
Castle
the
it,
the
of
Sometimes
pointed
carry
when
spot
siege
directing
;
take two prizes, out.
here of great interest to
to be seen
There is much
more
Hiel, and La France, which I have known
"
the best singlebloom," and another as incomparably the antiquary.
one
as
ot the best-arrangednurseries in
the finest flower exhibited ; at other times old friends most
There is also at Kelso one
The
the south of Scotland,that of Messrs. Stuart " Mein.
securelyhold their own, and Charles Lefebvre defies all comers.
that
this
the
Eose
there
challenged
road had to be given up to the
To begin with,
is,
old nursery on the Coldstream
year,
and has now
been converted into a cemetery. New
all England, which it would have been unpardonable if florists authorities,
iad not thus recorded in their catalogues.
groundshave, however, been taken at Croft House ; these are
"
One part has been planted with trees and
in two divisions.
E. H. S. Great Show at Nottingham.
Duke'of
June
Edinburgh."
27. Premier Eose
shrubs,which were removed from the old grounds, and are now
liooking back over the annals of our county Association,I in sturdy and luxuriant health ; the other division contains an
hothouses, and is also devoted to growing
standing at the extensive range of new
find, and very naturally,Charles Lefebvre
annuals,bedding plants.Gladioli,"c. The houses are all
head of the catalogue. On that occasion, in 1869, Madame
house
and
The
the
Tea
At
of
Eoses.
the
propagating
of
description.
his
span-roofed
as
was
companion
queen
Margottin
to the
came
show house are each 60 feet long by 15 feet wide ; in the centre
in the same
show
another
year Alfred Colomb
that is somewhat
uncertain,Pierre of the propagatinghouse is a glass-coveredpit,and stages are
In 1870, a Eose
front.
the plants.
Netting, was conqueror in the contest ; in the present year, fixed all round the sides and near the glassto receive
de
Eohan; and the prize The show house has a centre stageand staginground the sides,
most
unexpectedly.Prince Camille
for showing
bloom, it may be remarked, had been grown on a Eose on its and is well adapted for growing plants as well as
The whole range of glass
Marie Baumann
off to the best advantage.
wall.
them
a south-west-aspect
roots beneath
own
combined tubular and
of Shanks's
is heated by one
houses
was
more
naturally,
quite unapat a largershow, and much
proachable.
assured me
and this Mr. Manson, the manager,
in the autumn
of the present year
saddle boilers,
At a show
It may be as
the
manner.
most
did its work in
Eose gained all our snffrages^Monsatisfactory
a comparativelyunknown
Bienr Woolfield,who, both for shape and colour pre-eminent, well to notice,in passing,that where a large extent of glass
appearedon this occasion,to have surprised even himself. surface is heated on the one-boiler system, it is a mistake to
after

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

October

12,1871. ]

OP

JOUENAL

depend onlyon

boiler : there ought alwaysto be two fixed,

one
shonld fail the other may do the work while a
is being put in or the other repaired.
new
one
There is a very interesting
trial border planted
with bedding
and other plants. I noted the following Ageratum Chater's
either for beds or lines in
Imperial Dwarf is a very fine variety
BO

that if

AND

HOETIODLTUEE

one

"

GAEDENEB.

COTTAGE

275

as
his beds was
very considerable. The soil is much the same
the cause
that at Kelso,so that in this case something else was
much
of failure. I would attribute it to the gardenbeing very
shaded
surrounded by trees,so that the beds were
by them ;
The
drawn.
the plants,although strong and healthy,
were
Hollyhock has also been taken in hand by Mr. Small. Two
seedlingsraised by him were in flower at the time of my visit.
They have been sent out, I believe,by Messrs. Stuart " Mein.

ribbon borders ; it grows only from 9 inches to a foot in height

and flowers profusely. It is rather more
difficultto preserve
One named
is a buff-coloured flower,and the
tion.
Mrs. Atkinson
through the winter than the old variety. "Viola Yellow PerfecThe other,William Mein,
This is also dwarf and free-flowering,
and is well adapted finest of its colour I have yet seen.
There is
for small beds and edgings. I also noticed a well-filled bed of
rosy crimson, is a well-shapedfiower of great merit.
Calceolaria Sultan, a sub-shrubby varietywith large flowers
some
good gardening to be seen at Hendersyde Park ; there is
Mr.
and
of a rich crimson maroon
much
of generalinterest in its extensive woods,
Smail,
colour ; it is exceedinglyeffective as
like all true gardeners,makes
secret about the culture of hia
no
succeed in
a bedding plant in the north, but I find it will not
the neighbourhood of London.
favourite flowers. J. Douglas.
There were
also in this border
"

"

the
beautiful beds of a fine strain of Phlox Drummondi,
different colours blending together; pink-stripedand roseSTRAWBERRY.
PRINCE
THE
BLACK
ooloured flowers shading to deep purple made
a bed not easily
We
matched in chaste beauty.
gathered the first dish of this variety on the 24th ol
Alter
It is in this part of the nursery that the Gladioli are grown
May, and a very heavy crop in the flrst week of June.
the crop, not wanting the runners, we
for exhibition. They are planted on a narrow
kept them
border sheltered gathering
cleared
well
beds
the north side by a low wall ; the tallest spikeswould grow
and any old withered leaves cut off,and the
on
On the 9th of September we
gathered a dish of
of weeds.
as high as this wall.
The border was
slopingto the south, so
that the sun would act
it as much
plants,and we pickedseveral
as
as possible. Then
perfectlyripe fruit off the same

two

upon
: this is a
ally
very lightloam restingon gravel. It is naturpoor, but no doubt trenchingand manuring are resorted to
in order to improve it. A largenumber
of roots is not grown,
but I noticed very few failures,
notwithstanding the unpreceto soil

dentedlyunfavourable

I believe it is intended

season.

to grow

Gladioli to a much larger extent, in order to compete with the

more
exieasive growers in the south.
I have nowhere
else seen
such

healthyrobust growth

Manson, Messrs. Stuart

his Euocess, nor does he

"

as

Mein's

use

any

splendidresults. Nearly the same

the south are grown here. I saw

in the

patent

Mr.
; and
secret of
no
to attain such
cultivate in
we

plants here

manager,

makes

manure

There are at the present time (October

2nd),a good many ripe fruit remaining. The plants have been
I attribute
in their present positionfor three or four years.
the second bearing and ripening to the earliness of the first
immunity from spring frosts, which are 80
crop, and to our
land.
indestructive to the Strawberry crop in many
places more
In a direct line we
are
only three or four miles from
there
if
to
be
know
are
It would
many
interesting
the sea.

dishes since that date.

cases

of this kind in the dull sunless

H. Cooke, The Gardens,

passed. E.
"

varietiesas
of the present year's

some

SELECT

varieties which

season

that

we

Peniarth,South

have

just

Wales.

ROSES.

I had not seen

and I must say
previously,
cent, of M. Souchet's new
were
not worth
ones
Bendingout. Some of the high-pricedones, such as Phedre,
have no constitution,
and many
of the others have badly formed
flowers as well as indifferent spikes. It would be wrong, however,
to condemn
them too hastily,
a very bad
as this has been
for them, and some
The
season
of them are first-class
flowers.
best,I think, is Horace Vernet, a very brilliant purplishred
stained white.
shade
Phidias is a fine fiower of a new
flower,
of colour,violetpurple lined with white.
Talisman
has well-

correspondent P.,'"
givesa list what he considers to
be the best twelve Hybrid PerpetualEoses, with a view of
from other growers their opinion,and if my experience
eliciting
land,
is worth anythingto growers in the northern counties of EngI give it with pleasure.
Taking "P.'s" list of twelve I quiteagree with him that
Marie Baumann, Baroness
EothschDd, La France, Charles LeMonsieur
Neman, and Edward
febvre,Marquise de Castellane,

shapedflowers,violet,stained white

much

new

that 75 per

Sir

the spike is rather short.

J.

Franklin, very long spike, the flowers rather thinly

placed; the upper petalsrose, lower petalslargelymarked with
white.

Edith Dombrain
the
I have seen
very fine. With me
spikeswere short ; the fiowers are well shaped, ground white,
feathered with carmine purple. Nestor is the best yellow; its

growth

is

robust,and it has a very long spike of deep yellow

largesize,the lower petalsslightlystained with red.

flowers of
These are the best of this season's flowers

as far as I have
seen,
all anxiouslyawaitingthe reportof " D., Deal," not
this season's flowers,but also of those for next year.
No one has better opportunitiesor is better qualified
to judge
than he is. In the stand of thirty
spikes of fifteen varieties
which Mr. Manson
was
arranging for Edinburgh, and which
awarded
the first prize,I noted as the best
was
Sbakspeare,

but

we

are

only on

"

TouE

I very
twelve of the best Eoses
grown.
will prove a superiorEoee
Louis Van Houtte
mann,
Marie Bauline of colour.
in the same
to Xavier Olibo,much
described by 'P." as a good grower, is only moderate
cut-back
blooms
from
is
difficultto
plants,
get good
here, and it
and on going through
but from maiden plantsit is magnificent,
of about thirtythousand
plants,comprising allthe
a

Morren

are

among

questionif

plantation

best varietiesgrown, I thought it the finest of all. In place ol

the others mentioned"
viz.,Comtesse d'Oxford,Mdlle. Eugenie
I should
Vidot, and Comtesse de Chabtillant,
Verdier,Madame
prefer Alfred Colomb, one of the very grandestEoses raised ;
this year ;
Victor Verdier,which has been magnificent
Madame
quise
Pierre Netting,the finest of the very dark varieties; and Marvarieties
; but
de Mortemart, the best of the very light

growth,it oughtto
ing
perfection. Closelyfollowde Chathese are
Andry, Comtesse
Orph^e, Eosa Bonheur, Princess Mary of Cambridge, Newton,
Hausburg. The following
Horace Vernet, Adolphe Brongniart, Michel Ange, Adanson,
brillant,Abel
also first-rate and ought to be in every collection" viz.,
Thomas Methven, and Diomede.
are
Baron
Haussmann,
Due
de
of
In the privategarden attached to Mr. Mein's residence was
Duke
Wellington,
Edinburgh,
a
de Eohan, Senateur Vaisse,
of Pareons's
New
long row
White Mignonette. The growth Nardy Fieres, Elie Morel, Due
was
ferent Maurice
Bernardin, and Leopold Hausburg, the last named
more
robust,perhaps, but in other respectsit is not difto
from the ordinaryvariety. I also noticed another
of weedy growth,but of excellent form and indispensable
row
P." placeshigh in his list,
exhibitors. Madame
of a new
Vidot, which
It had, I was
bedding Dahlia.
informed, been raised
in the neighbourhood of Kelso.
is a beautiful Eose when caught good, which is very rarelythe
It grows
foot to
a
from
I think Marquise de Mortemart, of similar colour,
18 inches in height,and does not requiresticks to support the
case, and
of growers.
suitable to the generality
shoots.
It is a most profuse bloomer ; the flowers are
bright will be more
first,I will take Comtesse
Of Eoses of recent introduction,
and as well-shaped
It is
of the show flowers.
as some
scarlet,
which are both highly
Mdlle.
and
Verdier,
Eugenie
d'Oxford
a decided
as
a ribbon-border
acquisition
plant. It has been
The
first is good, but nothing remarkable,
named Sunrise.
praisedby "P."
varietywithout^
any
whilst Mdlle. Eugenie Verdier is a coarse
From
Kelso a pleasantwalk down the banks of the Tweed
refinement
for the distance of a mile brings you to Hendersyde Park.
whatever, my plant not having produced a single
I
dozen
three
about
two
saw
and
from
or
growing
The mansion
is beautifully
and commands
a fine view
good bloom,
situated,
I could not find a single
here during the past summer,
of the river. This placenow
Esq. near
belongs to G. W. Griffiths,
fit to put into a stand. It is,however, a good garden
bloom
The gardener,Mr. Small, I have long known
of the most
as
one
Of
successful exhibitors in this neighbourhood. He is now
an
Eose, being very free-blooming,and pretty in colour.
others not mentioned
of losses in
above,I think Dupuy-Jamain,Ferdinand
ardent cultivatorof the Gladiolus,but the number
"

like Marie
be

budded

Baumann

and

some

others of weak

it in
John
Hopper, Dr.
Grand, and Emilie

annuallyto

have

"

276

JOUENAL

OF

HOETICULTUEE

AND

COTTAGE

GAEDENEB.

de Lesseps, and Perfection de Lyon will prove good, the last

named
Paul Neron, of immense
a difficult opener.
size,is
Liaband is choice in
coarse, but may
prove good. Madame
colour but small.
In the lists of Teas given by your correspondents,
I do not
find Homere.
I saw three trusses exhibited in one collection

[ October

12, 1871.

I am
sorry to endorse what has been said with regard to the
closeness of the Early Eose Potato this season.
We find the
same
remark
stands for all sorts
in fact,we have scarcelyany
that the Early Eose
reallygood, stillI am glad to bear testimony
has been less affected with the disease than any kind we have
had this year.
We have taken up a sack of it this week, and
most lovelyin colour,being beautifully
during the past summer
not half-a-peck
rotten ; and as to the crop, I had a trial of
was
and of good size and shape. ten sorts,and in the amount
edged with pink like a Piootee,
of produce the Early Eose far
who has grown
Will some
one
it kindlysay if it succeeds well
exceeded any of the rest,being triplethat of some.
I find on
in the open air,and if it is as hardy as Souvenir d'nn Ami,
of tliem
and the Eed-skinned
distributingsome
Flourball
Madame
and
Madame
Willermoz,
Bravy,all of which have been
amongst the cottagers,that the Early Eose was
generally
beautiful with me during the past summer
?
small,so that it is evident it likes rich ground. The EsdI never
Eoses
saw
free from mildew
so
skinned
Flourball
turned
this
out
as
a good cropper and produced very
they are
season
at this late period there are scarcely
; even
largetubers,so that it carried all before it at our Cottagers'
any traces
of it,the stronger-growingkinds having sent
an infant of two-yearsgrowth, but doing extremely well.
up fine strong Show
Btems from 4 to 6 feet high. In pruning I always cut all the
This Potato is an excellent late sort,and will,I hope, take the
old wood
well in. Nearly all my
out, and shorten the new
placeof the degeneratedWhite Eock, which is generallygrown
plantsare grown on the Manetti stock,which I consider to be here. It can hardly be designated a garden variety,as the
the best form of Eose-growing,
in lightsoils,
haulms
especially
such as
grow so long. Mine this year grew from 3 to 4 feet long.
J. B.,Darlington.
my own.
The sets should be planted in good ground at least 3 feet apart.
01 its qualityI cannot speak,as it is evident the tubers should
be kept until after Christmas
before being used.
ever,
Qaality,howSUPERIOR
MELONS.
is littlethought of here with the mass
of people,as they
Tour
"
"
"Owen
"
Thomas"
correspondent,
in their
ooul
and as you
(No.547, page 215) boil all their Tattoes
(broth),
in his list of superiorMelons, may with every confidence add
doubtless aware. Leeks constitute the first and largestpart
are
another first-class fruit to his number
of it. I would certainly
the
Irish
namely. Golden Gem,
of
prefer
style having good,
raised by Mr. Cox, of Madresfield Court, and from its
with butter or new
milk.
superior rich,mealy Potatoes mashed
and good bearing,
quality,handsome
he will soon
His it been generallynoticed that coloured Potatoes,especiappearance,
ally
find it to be second to none.
I quite agree with him that
blue or purple sorts,do much
better than white in darkGolden Queen is a first-ratevariety,but I have never
coloured soil,
been
notablybog soil,while Potatoes generallythere
fortunate enough to grow it to anything like the weight which
liable to disease,and Kidneys,
grown taste earthy and are more
Mr. Thomas
mentions"
namely, i lbs. to 5 lbs. each,nor do I generallyspeaking,are oftener found black at the end ? J. I.,
know anyone else who has done so.
I received my seed direct Maesgwynne,Whitland, South Wales,
the Messrs. Stuart " Mein, of Kelso, in the spring of
from
1869.
I have never
allowed more
than from two to four fruit
THE
FOREST
TREES
OF
to swell on
HINDOSTAN.
a plant,but
could not exceed 2i lbs.,nor
could
but
all
it
friends,
my
a first-class
I confine
pronounce
Melon.
[Continued
from page 160.)
my list to three varieties
viz.,for first use Malvern Hall ; for
Of Magnoliacetewe have more
than twenty fine speciesin
generalcrop, Golden Gem and Golden Queen." S. Taylor,Sion the Indian empire, most of them with flowers
diffusingan overpowering
Bill,Eidderminster.
ness
perfume to a great distance,and even producing sickand other severe
affections in nervous
individuals. Some
of
Michelias
the
about
and
are
seen
trees,
grand
temples
places
POTATOES"
EARTHING
vebsus
NON-EARTHING
of pilgrimage,their golden hue and indescribable
fragrance
"ESTIMATE
OF
VARIETIES.
having long ago placed them among the sacred symbols of the
A SHORT
time ago the subjectof Earthing versus
Hindoo
and graduallyled to a wide distribution of this
ing
Non-earthreligion,
Potatoes
discussed in these pages, and, by what I choice class in cultivated groves and reserved lands.
was
Others
could gather,the majoritywere
for non-earthing. There was,
furnish the famous
timber rarely met with in Christendom,
it cannot be denied,some
well-seasoned remarks
thrown
oat, there being no outlet from the remote woods and mountain
and much
I fancythat most of us are
well acquainted with.
forests where these trees flourish. A backwoods
predecessorof
Well, the Editors said.Give us something more
than "I think."
to civilisation by boat a few
mine, however, brought down
At the time I read the discussion the men
were
earthing-npplanks,which were worked up into a dining table of wondrous
Potatoes. I had four short rows
left unearthed,and the four
beauty. The breadth of each piecewas at least 4 feet,the grain
left earthed-upuntil this week.
next rows
were
We then took
the mixed hues of brown,
most curiouslywavy and striped,
was
them
surface the
up and found the unearthed
wanting, when brought to black, red, and yellow, giving the well-polished
the test of being weighed,by 11 lbs. in the four rows,
similitude of a tigeror zebra skin.
As a pieceof house furniture
say about
12J square yards. I think that at a rough calculation it makes
it was
worthyof a palace. Of Anonaeeffi,though we have
just2 tons difference per acre, there being 56 lbs. in the earthed- something like one hundred in this tropicalorder,not one supplies
worth cutting,though as an avenue
tree and
up portion,and 45 lbs. in the unearthed
rows.
any wood
I have been a long time convinced
G
uatteria
that earthing-up
shade
the
usefal
to
Potatoes
longifolia(or Mast
traveller,
is the ripht plan, and that, too, in all classes of soil. The
its tapering,loftygrowth)is here menfrom
tioned.
tree,so named
much
discussed four or five years ago.
same
subjectwas
In
This tree is very roughly handled by hurricanes,
while
the followingyear I left a quarter unearthed ; I then conis so soft and corkyas to preclude
its " wrecks "
sidered, its substance
when
taken up, that a third were
fuel.
they were
lost. I
from furnishingeven
can
the good old rough
another very tropical
In Dilleniaceffi,
go back sixteen or eighteenyears when
order,our virginforests
Beds
and Blues were
and remember
than nine genera
when
of the north-east are
grown,
distinctly
very abundant ; more
there were
left unearthed, that few Potatoes
a few rows
exiat within
Indian
limits.
The wanderer
in the swampy
could
be found in them.
watershed of the Barrampooter valleywill pass many days in
I am
for shallow plantingwith plenty of room
the shade of DiUenia
between the
speoiosa,which there attains a gigantic
and plenty of earth placed around
The
flower is trnly
plants,
them, and that,too, growth its admirers at Kew know not.
as
as
about
4 inches
and beautiful,
the bright green,
early
possible,say when
barbaric and oriental,
coarse
high. Dndoubtedly the damage in earthing-up
is when
in
full
and
foliage
keeping,
lastlythe abundant
they are too sharply-serrated
high. The advanced say. Plant deep in shallow ground. I say, juicyfruits,
yield a favourite repast to the pachydermataand
Plant moderately shallow with plenty of room
between, and
largerfauna of the forest,and are not unacceptable to the
earth-up with a good broad ridgenot less than 15 or 16 inches
various tribes of liomo as an acid adjunct to their fish curry.
through, and 4 or 5 inches deep.
The
kinds is hard, and of such girth as to
timber of some
In wet clayeyland plant them on the surface and ridgethem
furnish canoes, while the leaves yieldadmirable material for the
of this will be worked down in cleaning, substratum
np when planted. Much
of thatched roofs,besides being used by primitive
but must
be renewed
for polishingwood.
of " Dutch rushes
afterwards. I may here state,that this artisans in the manner
has been a rather wet summer,
but it is no criterion with respect Were
there not so many
finer and handsomer
timber-producing
the
to
comparative merits of earthingand non-earthing; for two
DiUenia wood
might have entered
trees in the same
locality,
when
I had the quartermentioned above not earthed, the market, as it is close-grained,
years ago,
and has been tried in gun"

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it was

very

dry summer.

stocks with good repute.

October

Alangiaoeaa:
"

furnishes hard

OF

JOURNAL

12, 1871.

HOBTICULTUEB

This small order of Indo-Chinese character

handsome
woods, not yet introduced into

and

AND

COTTAGE

GAEDENEB.

277

other woods within easier aooess is rarelycut down, and

many
I have never
worked it myself.
Horse Chestnuts.
or
The remote regionsof the
iEsculactaj,

European catalogue,though the four speciesare exceedingly

in the remote regionsof our north-east frontier.
Upper Himalayas contain two or three speciesof Pavia,but I
plentiful
a tree felled.
or
saw
farinaceous
Mangrove tribe,are tropicaltrees of the never
Bhizophoraceffi,
They are valued for their bitter,
nuts by the mountaineers
in famines, though quiteas
or
muddy lagoons of the inland forests. A
deadly salt swamps
as our
European congener.
pleasant sight to a naturalist are those vast aquatic forests, nauseous
Sterculiacea3.
It is somewhat
castingtheir dusky shade in the mirror of water, and he must
strangethat of the many giants
of
the
the
hundred
in a lightcanoe
some
forest
in
and odd speciescomposing this
oft enter their leafylabyrinths
one
paddled by
the
fish
with
become
familiar
should
he
wish
to
not
should
one
sylvanorder,
very
supply any timber of utility
savage ally,
in industrial art, being usuallyspongy and of pulpy consistence,
uncouth fishes,"sole tenants
and many
eagle,otter,alligator,
while the bark of many is so tough,wiry,and pliablethat cordTwo
of the fever-haunted
age
waste.
good kinds of hard durable
is manufactured, and even
the lassos ueed by elephantwood are produced by this order,but hitherto only useful to the
locale.
catchers
of
this
isolated
their
substance.
sailor
from
are
Foresters
the
prepared
shipwrecked
use
and odd forms, bark of Sterculia urens
hundred
boast one
for their drag ropes. Tea plantersas
Of MyrtaceiB,India can
trees of lesser growth than could be termed cables to ship their loads and fasten their rafts,
builders to lift
fruit-bearing
chiefly
their timber into place,and aboriginalman
the denizens of enclosures and
forest timber,and indeed chiefly
for snare
loops to
wild
in
Guava
does
the
wild
or
Psidium
The
Tree
buffalo.See.
cotton is the proentangle
However,
grow actually
groves.
duct
the Wynaad jangle.Southern
of GoBsampinus, a noble ornament
of the woodlands.
the Coffee tract well known
as
It
extend
The trees in that locality
is as soft and silkyas swan's down, but cannot be used for tho
India (perhapsintroduced).
occasion of a general famine
and on one
for a great distance,
Mechanic
loom, only stubbings,"c. Eos." [English
and World
of Science,
lation
popuproved the value of their existence by saving an immense
a largeper-oentage
from starvation,
as the fruit contains
of sugar and mucilage,and is noted to be in its most perfect
GROUND
VINERIES.
and
abundance
condition
during the rainless and blighted
And so. Monsieur
and Government
Art eevoik," you have cut your fingers
long
periodsof the above terrible visitations,
tract h la Eendle ! If you had the original
protectorand used it for
ago rendered punishableany injuryto the food-jielding
The
satisfaction.
Guava
above mentioned.
wood, though rarelymet with in the Vines, you would do so and not reap much
close-grained,
tough,light, truth is that Mr. Eendle has an imagination at tropicalheat,
market, is a most desirable article,
and applicableto all the purposes of British Beech, but it is as shown
by his very prettybook with its platesand impossible
wine from
of any eize.
Some I felled in improving a neglected troughs, for growing Grapes in, and making our
never
and
18
inches
straight
circumference,
rarely
English-grown Grapes. Poor Messrs. Gilbey ! how they must
garden was perhaps
for more
than 2 fett. It is moat pleasantto turn in the lathe, have shaken in their shoes to contemplate the bare possibility
wine ! If the book had this effect
makes prime tool handles and agricultural
implements, also of not importing any more
gunstocks of light and durable cjuality. I have occasionally it had no other,for no one seemed to patronisethe invention,
sell
them
wood
fireand
these
semicircular
the
Indian
who
as
troughs with a groove for glassall went
gardeners,
purchased billets of
when clearirgold enclosed lands.
out of mind, and the book too, for I cannot find my copy ; still
and attractive.
Of this largeorder the Eugenias are handsome
orchard trees, the idea was new
There
is justa word
or
two to say about the protectors.
the purple mouth-staining Plums
so
astringentlyacid as to
human
for the
palate; Those sent out originally
by Mr. Eendle were reallyinteresting,
require salt in qualifying them
leaf
and
acid
in
of
and
for
lettuces
and other garden crops were
the
of
tannic
most
as
amount
indeed,
protectors
every
pore
all that our
clever
these elegant trees renders it of some
importance in native useful,and when slightlyimproved were
brown
red dyes,and the timber
gardener Mr. Ingram reportedthem to be. Here permit me tt"
estimation,the bark yielding
to be used ; heimperishablebeams and posts for bridgesand well foundations, assert that Mr. Elvers never allowed his name
of its great carefully
avoided writinga sentence that could be used by an
being hard, heavy, and incorruptibleby reason
An kevoik," to have
store of astringentsaps. For shade and ornament
unsurpassed, advertiser,but it seems, accordingto
as they attain considerable
dimensions,and have mostly showy. been so used, justas it is made a handle to the Eoyal Ashleaf
Myrtle-likeblossoms, conspicuous in the waxy green, closely- Kidney Potato,which requiresno handle.
Well, I must say
is not in the market, being too heavy that the grooved bricks,and their lasting qualities,
and the.
set foliage. This wood
and coarse
for export. I have used it for various out-door work, facility
of moving the
seemed
to
me
most agreeable"
ucture,
as
gates, posts, ifcc. Sonneratia
(in and BO I tried them with Vines, which grew well and ripened
well-gearfor irrigation,
is remarkable
their fruit almost as well as those in common
as furnishinga firewood repletewith
ground vineries ;,
Myrtacete)
aromatic resin, or oil,which long rendered it the only effective
but the slidingof the glassin the grooved bricks was
an
to me
in
the
the
substitute for coal
river Indus, intolerable,
the pinching of the Vines requiredthem
on
steamers
to be
as
moved
that
and
balsam
so
friar's
out
were
along the banks of which it grows abundantly.
frequently
fingers
in the ascendant.
Ternstromiaccse,or Theads, another of the Indo-Chinese
Well, about this time I received from Mr.
form of most interesting
but only one, a very rare
Eivett one
of his improved ground vineries with one
side
properties,
and local tree, Thea assamica of the uninhabited
than
tracts (about moving on
more
over
hinges. The wind had knocked
the Eendle protectors,
27
28" north latitude on the Little Burrampooter and its tributaries), once
much
and
I
so
to my disgust;
went
be said to supply wood for constructive uses.
The
and Monmouth,
can
to Eivett,for,like Macedon
over
they both,
ultra savages on whose lone hunting grounds there exists a belt begin with E.
of these quaint unmatched
Tea trees,some
six miles long by a
As far as I can judgeMr. Eendle has improved his protectors,
few hundred
watch this spot,and explorers so that out fingersare
in the market, and if so
not so much
yards wide, jealously
for the ruins of classic Sissopulnugger,
hunters of ivory,retributive improved they will be most useful for many
garden crops, but
and Tea-seed collectors,
expeditionsagainstthose wild men
not equal for Vines, or Peaches, or Pears, as are those of Mr..
all give a lively
skedaddle
can
account of the
produced Eivett,which I pronounce to be the most convenient structures
by a shower of swift and silent arrows, all heavilyenvenomed
for small or even
large gardens ever invented. The hinged
with aconite,shot from the leafyambuscades
of the
cropped side to the ground vinery is a capitalidea. Mr. Eivett had it,,
hair
Miahmees, as those uncivil nomads
The liftingthis
stylethemselves,in I think,from Mr. Elvers, but I am not sure.
distinction from their
unshorn
neighbours. This wood is up, pinching the Vine, the cordon Peach tree, or gathering.
known
to the native backwoods
man
of that ilk as Boga Kat, or
Strawberries and Peaches, is a real luxury ; and then in winter
white wood, and is appliedwhen obtainable to the ignoblepuralways so comeatable, that although I should it^
poses the salads are
of walking staffs and slingyokes,being lightand flexible. large gardens or even
in market
gardens, employ the brick
Aceracese,or Sycamores. There are several speciesin the structures because they are cheap, and if built low will not
met with any person, native or
be affected by the wind, for the amateur
Eivett's improved
Himalayas,but I have never
English, who had used the wood, for the trees generallygrow
ground vinery is all in all. The uses of this structure are not
removed
on
from
half
besides
and
loftyheights,many
days' journey
human
winter
understood, for,
spring salads,
yet
dwellings,and being surrounded
by so many other kinds of bedding plants may be kept under them with the usual air in
useful woods have escaped the axe
in toto.
mild weather,and in a sharp frost
sealed" i e., covered with
Sapindaoese,or Soap-berry trees.^ Only two or three of this a thick coat of straw. If this is of sufficientthickness no frost
Eastern
order supply timber, which
is hard, will or can enter.
very numerous
and useful,but being surpassed by so
There are some
inventions by the Eev. T. Brfihatitand
white,close-grained,
new
the

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278

JOURNAL

OP

HORTICULTURE

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

[ October

12, 1871.

patented by Mr. Rendle.

Now
I know that Mr. Rivers wrote
and Ivy apart, but in keeping the roots of the latter from robbing
Brfihaut to express his approbation of all protective
the Eoses of sufficient nourishment.
Eds.]
inventions,but he has not sanctioned the mention of his name
in advertisements.
Allow me
to advise
An eevoir," and all
SOME
PREDATORY
INSECTS
OF
OUR
of small gardens to adopt only Eivett's improved ground
owners
others
of
the
there
or
for
is no
vinery
same
make,
GARDENS."
patent for
No. 20.
in the
hinges. These, placed on a few bricks,as mentioned
The Hop is a plant which belongsrather to the farming than
"
Miniature Fruit Garden," pp. 141 to 153,will be found among
to the gardening interest,
though not nnfrequentlycultivated
the most useful and economical
of all garden structures.
If
in gardens,and used to conceal au unsightly
ornament
as an
more
luxury is required the protectorsof Mr. Brebaut can be
or to impart a pleasantgreenness
palingby its gracefulfestoons,
employed ; they seem
very good and useful,judging from the
alcove or summer-house.
to the trelliswork of an
I presume
descriptions.
that all the readers of this Journal are cognisant of the fact
I do not quiteunderstand
"Aueevoik"
when he says, "If
that this year has been a most unfavourable
It is well
one.
the maker
of the wooden
frames had called them
Cauliflower- known
of the product of
to the growers, and to the purchasers
Does
he
protectors,""o., "he would have had orders," "o.
that no one year is exactlyalike any other
our
Hop plantations,
the improved ground vineries ? or does he allude to
mean
year, a constant succession of changes being occasioned by the
Rendle's protectorsupported by a wooden
frame to prevent its
seemingly peculiarliabilityof this plant to be affected by
being blown down, as mine has been till supported with slips
atmospheric phenomena, by the attacks of insect enemies, by
of deal,which, if for Vines, those first invented requireto be ?
parasiticvegetation,and by maladies not easilydefinable in
and if made
of sufficientheight Vines
well
and
ripen addition to these. Just as some
grow
to me,
persons have remarked
their fruit ; but I confess to highlypreferring
Eivett's improved, that
when they feel particularly
comfortable
they are sure that
which grows Vines so well and all other trees requiring protection.
some
trouble is approaching, so is it with the cultivator of
Hops ; in a good year he rejoiceswith trembling,since he may
The Vines of Mr. Rivers have hitherto been remarkable
for
it in two or three subsequent bad ones.
for
On the other
pay
ripeningtheir fruit every season, but this year the fruit is not
that
hand, in a very unfavourable year he has this consolation,
to ripen without
ripe,nor likely
in October.
I have
a hot sun
the next is nearly certain to be difierent,
and most probably
to-day(October2Dd)had the pleasureof lookinginto the ground
decidedlybetter.
vineries of Mr. Rivers,so allow me
The
to report faithfully.
Now
decent average year, but 1871 is exceed1870 was
ingly
a
firstI looked into was
of Rendle's protectors,
the original
one
below the mark, both in England and abroad.
In a letter
sort. This is 20 inches high in the back wall,to the N.W., and
addressed
of our
Kentish
to one
dailyjournals,a
Hop-grower
14 inches high to the S.E.
The front wall has pigeon-holes.
makes
the followingdismal statement : -" The plant has this
In this was
a healthy
Vine, or the half of a Vine, 14 feet being
year, from its earliest shoot in the spring up to the time of
perfectlyhealthyand full of fine bunches of fruit unripe of the
and
picking,sui^ered from a succession of attacks as numerous
earlyvarietyso much like Backland Sweetwater
General della almost
I may enumerate
as fatal as the ten plagues of Egypt.
The remaining14 feet of this Vine were
Marmora.
enclosed
wireworm
and flea by millions,
sometimes
spiders,red and black fly,
in a ground vinery 3 feet in diameter
at base, of the usual
three deep,lyingon the leaves,followed by innumerable
kind, on bricks. In the 14 feet of Rendle's are sixtybunches
which
the
the
it
o
f
and
turn
lice,
vitality
vine,
black;
destroy
fine ; in the 14 feet of the same
Vine under the common
ground mould, white and red,which eats away the Hop and destroys
vinery" the base of the Vine
The
are
twenty-fivebunches.
the sample ; and to complete the calamitous
list of foes,we
top end enclosed in Rendle's in 1870 ripened some
thirty generally have one or two terrific sou'-westers,which rend
bunches in spiteof cut fingers. This is a triumph.
and shiver the Hops, so that some
grounds in exposed positions
The next ground vinery on
bricks has the Black Hamburgh
look as if our
gallantcavalryfrom Aldershot had charged
trained under it full of fruit unripe. The next to this is a
the enemy
the
I
in
fairness
to
through
plantations.
ought
marvel,requiringeight7-feet lengths to cover it ; this is the add that we have two friends who
to onr
occasionallycome
Trentham
Black, fruit unripe. This portion of the ground rescue
and destroythe vermin, and I therefore mention
with
vineries is too narrow
only 30 inches at its base,but the Vines
and a sable
gratefulrespect our nursery friend,the lady-bird,
full of health and the crop large. This long Vine is a
are
"
"
insect called the
negur.'
charming sight. I learn that Mr. Rivers,observingtowards the
I do not profess to be any authorityin Arachnids, but yet I
and of July the backwardness of the fruit,would
not have
condemnation
demur
of spiders. The true
to the wholesale
them
thinned, so that possibly barely so
they might if spiders are, I believe,staunch in their adherence to animal
thinned have been riperthan they now
are.
Young spiders
food, and decidedlyrejectvegetable aliment.
"
I hope this plain and truthful statement
will satisfy
Au
and small mites are
often mistaken
for each other,though
I have only to tellhim and his friends that for their
EEVOIR."
there is a remarkable
structural difference between
them, one
small gardens no protector is equal to the Eivett's improved
but a naturalist ould be snpposecd
one
no
which, nevertheless,
with a hinge. It should be 3 feet 6 inches in diameter
at its to be
furnished
with
of.
cognisant
Spiders are
eyes, while
base,placedon brick,and then Vines,Peaches,Pears,alltrained mites are
unprovided with organs of sightas far as we can tell.
along the centre to a wire ; and bedding plants, and salads, One of the
mites,which is almost exactlylike a small spider
and earlyPeas, "c., may be grown
in them
to their heart's at a first
holoserioum, and
glance,is that called Trombidium
content.
For largercultivators the cheaper brick protectors of
for the protectionof its young,
it also spins a delicate web
Bendle may be used.
An Old
Loter
Peotectoes.
of
This is said sometimes
rather than for the captureof prey.
on
to be sufficiently
common
plants to impede their growth ;
The harvest
the Hop I cannot
whether or not it occurs
on
say.
EOSES
WITH
IVY.
which
is abundant
in June, does
bug (Leptnraautumnalis),
One of your correspondentshas inquired if Roses and
Ivy doubtless occasion some
injuryto the Hop at times,though a
will do together,and has been answered
I
Hoetator."
by
usual visitant to the kitchen garden; This speciescan
more
have two high walls,one
facing south, the other west ; both only be detected by close watching,from its minute size. Some
are
covered with Ivy and Roses.
The
mine
completely
way
also occasionally
visit the
species of the genus Acarus may
is this. The Ivy and Roses were
are
grown
planted together. Hop plantations.
The Ivy will cling to the wall,and the Roses are trained to a
that this writer,not, of course, an entomoIt is no wonder
logist,
which should be at least 4 inches from the wall,
wooden trellis,
though a shrewd observer of Nature, failed to trace the
otherwise the Ivy will choke the Eoses.
The varietieswhich
"
"
the
connection between
fly and the lice,they being, as ia
I find do the best are Gloire de Dijon, Celine Forestier,and
evident,aphidesin different stagesof growth. What he alludes
Mar6ohal Niel graftedon Gloire de Dijon. The contrast when
is not quite clear ; the
under
the
of
the
to
name
negur
the Roses
in bloom
is grand. I have also trained on the
are
of
for there is a plurality
larvte of the lady-birdor lady-birds,
walls
a white-coroUaed Fuchsia,Madame
same
and
Cornelissen,
places,and the
specieshere, are called " niggers in some
at the present time the walls are the admiration
of all who see
of
to some
name
may also have been, for aught I know, applied
them.
Here
the Fuchsias want no protectionin winter, and
the larvuebelongingto the genus Syrphus, truculent individuals,
I am in hopes of gettingthem
to the top of the wall in a year
Some
the aphid sheep.
indeed
wolves
newspaper
among
two.
or
The upright piecesof the trellis are half-inch square
editors have, it seems, been sending commissioners into the
and 9 inches apart." J. T. Dawson, Gardener to W. H. Smithard,
and reportthereupon,
districts to make their
to

Mr.

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Esq., Summerville,
Guernsey.

is not in keeping the stems

[The chief difficulty

of the Roses

investigations
Hop
individual
of the proverbial
a proceedinga littlein the manner
who doubly secured his stable door when his steed had been

Ootobet

12, 1871. ]

OF

JOUBNAL

HOBTICULTDEE

AND

COTTAGE

279

GARDENER.

to a
server,
obAt this time,too,theyceaae
almost clear of them.
! As an independent
and non-commissioned
I venture
to give an
opinion regarding a few of the great extent to suck the juicesot the plant. Then do they
think not,
entomologistsof eminence
migrate? No ; modern
prominent inaect enemies wiiioh have made the Hop their prey
the assumptionsmade
tlhis season, though I make
by White, of
no
positiveassertions with regard and regard as erroneous
this
to the state of matters in the midland
though, pre- Salborne,and others on
point. Occasionallyaphides will
districts,
and
"aumably,what appliesto the south would not be inapplicable suddenly appear upon the Hop plants late in the season
it
Under these circumstances
invade the flowers themselves.
It is easy to cataloguea host of insects found on or
to these.
sometimes
injured
and yet far from
Bear
happens that weakly plants are so severely
Hop plantations,
easy to apportion to
that the prin"each its due share of blame.
I feel convinced
cipal as to die off in the autumn.
the Haltioa eoncinna
The small beetle called the
have been the aphides,alias flies,
alias lice,
Hop flea,"

spirited
away

come
"

transgressors
harm
in the spring; in fact,it
than one
though the "speciality" of most writers,does much
belongingto more
species,
and
-of the Hop, Aphis Humuli, ranks
first; for certain species infests the plantsevery spring in greateror less quantity,
it was the pioneerof the insect host,attackingthe
of the aphis genus,
last season
"of plants have their particularenemies
of these flies appear to be migrate without much
Hop at a very earlystage in its growth. It has been supposed
though some
the nightsare cold and the
in years when
to be most injurious
"discrimination. Indeed, Dr. Plimley,of Maidstone, has prothe
only. There is
conjectural
days hot and dry,but this seems
.pounded a singulartheory with regard to the habits of
have
vines
the
in
much
in
the
which
cover
more
May
opinion of those who trace a
probability
Hop aphis. The hosts
connection between
this insect and the manure
from flieswhich have been fedup on
appliedto the
been produced,he asserts,
that the soil should be turned
the Sloe. The
autumn
generation of this aphis,he thinks, hills,and hence they recommend
Loudon
the rows
says that i( good stable
"deposittheir eggs in this plant, and their progeny, when
; and
up between
some,
and settle in the Hop plantamatured
in the spring,take flight
tions. dung be used, and not littery
dung, this insect is less troublevisable
adis
and the health of the plants
If this be reallythe case, it would, perhaps, be
improved. " Prevention
these beetles have
of the Sloe or
for the extirpation
to take measures
is better than cure," no doubt, but where
they must
Blackthorn where it is growing wild in the hedges in those
not been prevented from putting in an appearance
of lime,
districts ; but,for my own
part,I am at presentdubious as to be swept off the plantsor pickedoff. The application
the
of much
or
this supposed fact.
under
certain precautious,
has been
service,
wine
culty fleas may be brushed
and the diffiThe fly,we
bottle,
its rapid reproduction,
through a tin funnel into a
say, from
that
is
has
also
it
they
an
of dealing with it effectively, always been
object out of which they cannot leap;
suggested
within
of the specialdislike of the Hop-growers, yet many
years ago
may be capturedby holding a largeinverted bowl coated
somewhat
the veteran Kirby ventured
with gas tar jastabove the plant,to which the insects are to be
to hint that they were
ketch
in fact,of the
of the trouble
to blame, and might thank themselves
for much
a modification,
persuaded to leap up
Led bytheiroldprejudices'em alive,oh !" plan, so pleasantlysuccessful with flies. I
and loss it caused them.
He says,
fine
with
of the flybeing produced by cold winds, "c., theydo nothing doubt whether the plan of coveringthe young plant
earth at the time it is exposed to most
towards
its destruction,
of the way in which
danger is of marked
though,if aware
it is generated,and that by killingeach female
have spoken in its favour.
as it appears
utility,
though some
not now
The wireworm
I am
about to touch upon, as I am
early in the spring, they would prevent the birth, not of
thousands, but of millions of aphides. The aphides being not able to throw any new lightupon the historyof the species
No doubt under this name
soft are killed with the slightest
pressure, so that it is msrely attackingthe roots of the Hop.
and centipedes
and
the thumb
of several beetles,
infested leaf between
to rub an
are comprehended the larvs
necessary
researches
Modern
its
to
w
ith
insufBoient
in
to
different
nature.
force
are
creatures
of
a
a very
texture,
fingers,
j
quite
also,
that theyresort to plants
show
destroyevery aphis upon it ; and from experiments which I into the historyof centipedes
when
at and fruit chiefly
them, yet
for the sake of the insects upon
myself made in the H6p groundsof Worcestershire,
ment
Malvern in 1838, I am
taking to strongeralipersuadedthat every leaf of each plant when young they are vegetable-feeders,
as
might be thus cleared of the female aphides first attackingit
theygrow older.
f
or
the
resort
to
Hepialus
in spring by women
children mounted
Hop.
or
on
step-ladders
Many lepidopterouslarvae
feeds upon
the roots of the Hop, also upon the Barthe purpose in ten minutes
or
less,so that six plantsbeing Hamuli
dock and
Nettle.
The
larva lives through the winter, but
cleared per hour by one person, sixtymight be cleared per
makes
a nest for itself,
remaining then in a state of torpidity.
"day.
I do not enter into any discussion as to this plan,but make
That this speciesis materiallyinjuriousto the Hop has never
the quotationch'eQybeoanse there is,after all,
been proved. I have observed that in various localities1 visit
somethingmore
'in the cultivator's idea about the
called the Ghost, is much
cold winds," whatever there
this moth, popularly
about London
than formerly. Dr. Withering recommended
covering
scarcer
maybe in the " "c.," than Kirby thought, though it need
more
frequently
"iaruish no excuse
for slackeningexertions.
Aphides do not the roots with stones as a preventive.Much
of the Pale Tussock
benefit primarilyby these winds blowing mostly from north or
observed
is the gay caterpillar
(Orgyia
other
east ; nor, again,do they suffer from them, as numerous
pudibunda),which, though occurringoften on the Hop, is a
that
in
how
that
some
Then
is it
of insects certainly
must.
they very promiscuous feeder. A friend reportsto me
"Species
I am
increase so rapidly at such times?
persuaded that it Hop gardens this year he saw quantitiesof the " Hop dogs,"
them
called. The
are
should prey upon
is beoanse those specieswhich
yellowpencils
are
familiarly
as these caterpillars
diminished in numbers, or rendered very inactive,
by the unof hair with which it is adorned,and the slashes of deep black
Of the commoner
speciesof across
the lightganialinfluences of the season.
green ground colour,render it conspicuous
than is
harm
there were
more
the genus Coccinella (thewell-known
lady-bird)
enough, and it is accused of doing much
such
as
of the Hop are not such
much
fewer than usual in many
The worst enemies
the case.
places. Others,also,
really
the Syrphi, and the beautiful flydesignatedChrysopa perla, insects as these,which
merely devour the leaves, but those
or
of which, like the aphis,drain the plant of its vital juices,
which
are
undoubtedly useful in reducing the number
J. R. S. C.
did not work with
of their ravenous
like the wireworm, at the seat of life below.
aphides by means
larvaa,
strike,
in their aptheir wonted
at this task,being backward
diligence
pearance.
There
is a dipterous insect that in some
years
which
destroysmany aphides,depositingeggs
produce a paraMETALLICA
sitic
ECHEVERIA
OF
PROPAGATION
larva; this was, I suspect,also lacking in vigour. And,
CUTTINGS.
BY
it must
that aphides, though
be borne
in mind
moreover,
for various
"callous to many
and
then
This strikingplant is so useful in flower gardening
now
are
atmospheric influences,
or
less
where more
I
sufferers by heavy rains in springand earlysummer.
severe
purposes, that there are few placesnow
about their food-plants of it is not seen.
bave seen many of them lyingdrowned
Strictlyspeaking,it belongs to the class of
able
two
or
at such times,and it so happened that at one
periods fine or characteristic-leaved plants. Its leaves are more valuthan its flowers ; and to permit it to flower
for ornament
the aphideswere
this year, when
multiplyingrapidly,we had
quicklyfalls
is equivalentto wasting its beauty,for the foliage
a spellof dry weather.
and the
off in vigour and hue as the flower stem elongates,
Bennie, many years ago, drew attention to the circumstance
the plants whole plant becomes ungainly,and unfit for any ornamental
that about midsummer, or not very long afterwards,
position. Large plants on one stem, with finely-developed
are
graduallyfreed of their tormentors ; and a recent author
able
observes that the first indication of the approach of a favourleaves,are beautiful objectsin vases so placedas to be a little
under the eye ; and in higher positions
of the aphides at the extremities
they are strikingin
change is the clustering
be- appearance when contrasted side by side with softer and more
ot the leaves and twigs,while the lower leaves generally
"

"

"

"

"

like bold castings in bronze, in

are
Tbey are invaluable
rigid symmetry and metallic hue.
with
subjectswherever beds have to be filled that are overrun
roots of trees and shrubs, and probably overhung also by their
than this in such
I know
no
plant that delightsmore
arms.
for luxuriant
growth
It picks up materials
circumstances.
where the soil is almost dust dryto the depth of a foot or more
;
the
form
and
finest
the
bronze
and its leaves acquire
deepest

objects. They
gracefnl

COTTAGE

[ October

GARDENEE.

12,1871.

and esteemed
that a man
is admired
by everyone with
in contact, yet few persons could be found
he comes
their feelings towards
Frederick
to
deny that such were
the eldest son
of Mr. John
He was
Waterer.
Waterer, who
for so
laboured with such assiduityand to such pood purpose
Nursery at Bagshot. Here are
years at the American
many
much
Ehododendrons
which
excite
so
those
splendid
grown
admiration at the annual shows of the Eoyal Botanic Society,
of Frederick Waterer's
skill.
the result,in a great measure,
On the death of his father three years ago, Frederick,together
left in possession of
with his brothers Michael and John, were
ject
the business.
Michael,however, withdrew, and thus the subleft co-partner with his younger brother
was
of our memoir
had been warned
John.
He
by his medical adviser that it
was
bable
pronecessary for him to exercise great caution, as it was
that his death might happen suddenly. On Tuesday,
health,and in,
October 3rd, he retired to rest in his accustomed
He was only
found dead.
the morning of October 4th he was
whom

pens

their

the roots appear to have the least encouragement.

This in my opinion constitutes its chief value for openair gardening. It is hopelessto attempt floweringplantsin
such circumstances, and yet it frequentlyhappens that beds
have to be filledin which floweringplants cannot be expected
and

AND

HOBXICULTTJKB

OF

JOtTENAL

280

size where

to succeed.
This and other succulent sutjeotsshould be employed in
The ground may
be carpeted with the
of this kind.
CEsruleum, S. dasyphyllnm,
beautiful little annuals, Sedum
and others easy to obtain and easy to keep, of similar dwarf
close habit ; and the Eoheveria, if planted at free distances
these will form, will have a pleasing
the surface which
over
combination
of soft colouring and
and interestingeffect,
a
I have observed,as doubtless many
have, that
strikingform.
They
the plants vary in character considerablyfrom seed.
oases

forty-nine.
PLANTS

SUITABLE

FOR

TABLE

DECORATION.

dinner-table
adorned witb
have
seen
a
Those
who
never
being narrower,
shape of the leaves,some
form aand Caladium
can
argyrites,
Crotons,Coleuses,
scarcely
crispedor wavy, and others quite smooth
broader,some
much
while
havevaries
those
who
as
on
the margin ; and the depth of metallic tinge
right idea of their exceeding loveliness,
it
old
friends
be
discarded.
them
not
to
value
these
them
will
look
as
seen
qualitiesmay have,
aa
upon
anything. Whatever
with
the table at one time or in company
of cuttings. Whether
allbe seen
on
can
by means
only be secured and perpetuated
with epergnes and suchlike
is not often resorted to.
other plants,or each variety
This mode of propagation
separately,
It appears to be almost the uniform
practiceof all to rear
they cannot but give satisfaction to the beholder.
things,
them
It is much
less troublesome
what stock is wanted
from seed.
theyare easy tO'
Moreover, theyhave this to recommend
better than when they are fairly
kind of plant is more
of cuttings no
to increase it by means
grow, and their colour is never
remain
in
will
small
and
is
and
the
in
established
they
good condition
simple,
pots,
easily struck. The treatment
necessary
into largerpots.
to the worst-appointedgardens. Leaves
a long time without
shifting
appliancesare common
hut.
All the Crotons
the best cuttings those formed of floweringshoots are
make
may be made useful for the dinner-table,
C. varieapt to spindle too much, and be leggy. The leaves of flower those best adapted for that purpose are C. vai-iegatum,
the two last^
and 0. angustifolium,
especially
shoots justbegun to push are the best ; they are quite large gatum longifolium,
I always make it a rule to strikea few of each kind every year^
enough, and can generallybe got in sufficient quantitywithout
choose.
is
the
month
I
a few potsshould
November
The
leaves
be
not
Having
prepared
pulled,
injuryto the stock plants.
to
trimming of the base will be found either of peat,loam, and silver sand in equal parts,with beU-glasses
cut off,and no
the
is made
desirable.
If any cut or wound
on
cover
or
with,I take off the cuttingswith a stem 4 inches long^
necessary
and insert them about 2 inches deep. Here
leaf in any way, it had better be laid aside to dry for some
they may remain
after which time the glasses
three or four -n'eeks,
time before being put in the soil a few hours will do.
Any
mny be taken
good sandy soil will do for strikingthem in tbey will root in off and the pots allowed to remain as they are until about the
will
be
in
admitted
of
when
is
middle
they
February,
good condition for
continually
anything. A cold frame to which air
is the best place to strike them
in, and they may be put in potting-off^
singlyin clean dry 3-iuch pots,usinga mixture or
part rotted dung, -with a
either pots or boxes; they receive less cheek,however, in being two parts loam, one partpeat,and one
of silver sand. In about six weeks or two months
small thumbs
GO'S. goodsprinkling
or
potted on from the former if they are
into pots a size larger,
using the same
Whether
shifting
theywill require
pots or boxes be used, it will be best to plunge them
soil as before.
with the necessityof watering tillthe roots
so
as to do away
found
to
Crotons
make
I
have generally
plantsnice-shaped
are
struck,after which they may be given water sparinglyas
C. variegatumforms a pyramid,
without any pinchingwhatever.
tions
theyrequire. Much water and a close atmosphere are condibreak
and
the
desired
should
not
into
but
if
shape,
W. S.
to be avoided by all means.
they
grow
Gardener.)
(T7ie
vary in the size and
some

"

"

"

"

"

"

NOTES

"

off when about 9 inches high; theywiU

the top must be pinched
the bottom.
Much
better plants,
then send out branches near
in the autumn
and a much
brightercolour,are got by striking
When
too large
the
have
instead of in spring.
plants
grown
for the table,or requirelargerpots,their beautyin the stove or
conservatorywill repay for all the care that has been taken of
in a goodturfy
It will be found that the Croton delights
them.

GLEANINGS.

AND

We
are
DiSTKiEUTioN
Plants.
OF
rfqaested to announce
and
that the First Commitsioner
of Her
Majesty's Works
the
Public Buildings intends to distribute this autumn
among
plus
working classes and the poor inhabitants of London, the surloam.
b"edding-outplantsin Battereea, Hyde, the Regent's,and
This is a most useful plantfor theCoLEUS
Veeschapfelti.
If the Clergy,
Yiotoria Parks, and in the Koyal Gardens, Eew.
it is very
it ; first,
and has much
to recommend
dinner-table,
make
others
interested
will
and
application
School Committees,
frame is at hand ;.
or
-warm
stove
a
to cultivate where
to their respective easy
of the parks nearest
to the Superintendents
thought
it may be had at any time of the year by a littleforeparishes,or to the Director of the Eoyal Gardens, Eew, in the secondly,
its beanty is improvedby
in striking
; and, thirdly,
of persons
oases
residing in that neighbourhood, they will
of gro-wing
this
One way
rather than otherwise.
candle-light
of plants that can be
receive early intimation of the number
but I hav9
Coleus is to pinch it at every joint(ornearly so),
of their
allotted to each applicant,and of the time and manner
break
out
into
the
to
found it readyenough
pyramidal
generally
distribution.
This shapo I consider
shape without any pinching whatever.
Teees.
Late in January looks best on the
AppLB
CosTiNuons-BLOOMiNO
table,and the leaves are a much largersize
I planted several Apple trees in my
garden,one of which is than when pinching
is resorted to. AVhere plantsare required
for it has on it no less than four
quitea horticultural curiosity,
for the table at all times of the year, it is a good plan to strike a
at the usual time
distinct crops of Apples. The tree bloomed
few cuttingsvery often,say every two months ; theywill strikein spring,and it has continued to bloom up to the present date
As soon
as
frame.
they
about in the stove or in a
"

"

"

standing

dtmg-

time settingits fruit. In my neighbourhood

are
rooted,pot off into small pots; and aa soon as the potsaretrees with their
several Denby's SeedlingPlum
nearlyfull of roots,shiftthem to the size pot you use on the table
and
heard of a continuous-bearing
second crop of fruit,
but I never
the glass,
near
4-inch pots are largoenough; keep them
with the
will kindlyoblige me
one
Apple tree. Perhaps some
shade after they are rooted, or they wiU not be so dai-k
never
of this curious phenomenon." T. J. Harbison, Farndon,
reason
leaf
mould,
Loam,
in colour as when fullyexposed to the sun.
Chester.
of silver sand,is a
and dung in equalparts,with a sprinkling
is
the
taUe
on
work
when
their
and
Me. Fbedebick Watebeb.
It is seldom that it hap- good mixture for them ;
each
(October 9tb),
there

are

"

"

JOURNAL

OF

HOBTICULTDRB

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

[ October

12, 1871.

destroy; but theymust Kve all the year round, and thereforeof has probablyaided them in doingso with effect. The resulti"
necessityeat fruit at a less rate than grubs. But the strongest that you may travel for leaguesin France without hearinga
evidence in the case is to be drawn
from the actual experience chirpor seeingthe flutter of a feather along the hedge. But
of our
French
neighbours.In France the exterminators have that result has been attended with an incident by no means
had
for
the
sake of protectingtheir
their
What
naturalists have predicted
really
Partly
our
as
a possible
way.
satisfactory.
the
in England has actually
lieved
Beoccurred in France.
crops, and partlyfor the pleasureof eatingtheir victims,
contingency
small farmers on the other side of the Channel have longwaged
from their feathered enemies,
ihe grubsand insects have
small birds,and the minute
"war
subdivisionof property multiplied
to such a degreeas to be alarmingly
and.
against
numerous

destructive. A Commission has been appointedto sit upon the fed on insects of various kinds,which also form a principal
pari'
of the food of the old birds duringthe summer."
and its reportwas
We
decidedly
againstthe extermination
subject,
say, then,,
similar
has
A
made
the
been
of birds."
to all gardeners.
cretary
Scare the birds,do not kill them.
report
Keeping an'
by
BelgianSefor the Home
old woman
Department.
dailyin a kitchen gardenduring the seed and fruit
We

each of the small birds which frequent season, will cost littleand be the moat
conservative practice.
from our own
observations and those of
Even cherish the small birds,and then you will not incur the
of Macgillivray,
authoritiesthat this testimony
prived
of
anathema
one
such as is uttered by the yellowhammerswhen de"J,ibl'.=hed
"
observers of our native ornithology,
is not only
the most ca.^f^ll
of their eggs or young.
They continue some daysabout
"
the
of
all
the
others
of
but
The young
:
are
the place,chantingat iuteryala their dolorous ditty,which,.
true
our

could dwell upon

gardena,and show

^offinch,

"

October

JOTJBNAIi

12, 1871. ]

OF

HORTICULTUBE

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENEB.

28S

Give Carnation layers

a magnificentand first-rateflower.
althoughunaltered in its notes,must douhtless he meant as an
in frames plenty of air, and those which
not rooted sufficiently
terpreted
were
of their grief.In some
parts of Scotland it is inexpression
should now
be removed and treated
that is,the
earlyin the season
as
signifying Deil,deil,deil take ye
in a similar manner
to the firstcrop,
Fansies,if of too long
cruel nesters."
"

"

"

duce

stragglinghabit should have the tops removed, and Pinks,

should be occasionally
examined and fastened.
and

FOR

WORK

KITCHEN

THE

WEEK.

GREENHOUSE

GiRDEN.

The

AND

CONSERVATORY.

these structures
will as yet requirea rather
liberal watering, and this should be performed early in the
morning, when needful.
plantswhich have
Winter-flowering
thoroughlyripened their wood may have occasional applications
A free ventilation must be
of weak and clear manure
water.
leaving a little all night. Let Cyclamens, Lachefitto handle, permitted,
Continue
to prick out Cauliflowers
as they become
winter favourites be
and see that enough of all previouslyrecommended
vegetablesis nallas,Oxalis,Centradenias,and such little
front or end shelf,
Boses in
totallyunshaded.
kept on a warm
at all times of earthprovided. Take favourable opportunities
ing-up Celery. See that it is quitedry, and the earth applied pots intended for floweringthrough the next two months shouldwhere there is a constant circulation
affected be allowed a very lightsituation,
in a healthy pulverisedstate. Should Celerybecome
of air. These are best at present,and, indeed,most
of
with the fiy dredge it with soot and charcoal dust. Endive
fire
least
while
the
the
at
weather
is
without
heat,
winter,
mild,
in succession,and continue to plant it on
should be blanched
much
solar
heat
in
and
the
shutting
early
afternoon,
raising
banks.
Take up Carrots and store them in sand.
that
the
up
See
much
moisture in the air by sprinklingall surfaces,
This
"c.
OnioTis already stored are in good condition. Those
who have
valuable familyis not yet sufficiently
appreciatedfor winter
in order to secure
not alreadypotted strong plants of Parsley
deserve a span-roofed
house to themselves,and
in rough weather, should lose no time now in pera reserve
formingpurposes ; they
such will be
I have littledoubt the time is not distant when
it.
them.
What
is a permanent bottom
for
want
they
provided
GARDEN.
FKUIT
Continue to collect and store away the late varietiesof Fears heat of 65" or 70",or about 5" in advance of the atmospheric
quired
temperature. Thus situated,very littleforcingwould be reand
that those already stored are
and Apples carefully,
see
A night coveringon the
for heating the atmosphere.
which have been collected and have
in good condition. Walnuts
roof would generallysuffice. Early Chrysanthemums will now
be placed in unglazed earthen pans which
sweated should now
them
with a piece of canvas
are
thick be in a forward state,and such as show their buds prominently
quite dry ; cover
or
should be placed under glass.If it is desirable to have them in
brown
paper, and about 1 inch of dry sand over it,then store
bloom as soon
be placed where
as possible,
theymay now safely
them in a moderatelydry place,and as requiredfor use in succession
be afforded them ; take care, however,
a littleartificialwarmth
can
; they should be placedfor eightor ten days previously
the glass,well suppliedwith
that they are placed near
in a damper place,which will freshen them and
the inner
and snoComiNtiE to plant out strong plantsfor Coleworts,
in the season
for standingas
cessions of the best plantssown
on
slopingbanks, "c.,
spring Cabbage. Prick out a quantity
be caused
for a reserve
for making up deficiencies which may
through the winter,and for plantingsuccessions in the spring.

plantsin

cause

as
anything in th"
water, and air given them freely,
peel ofi easily. This is the best and easiest method of manure
would soon
ruin them.
Indeed,the
and other nuts. See that the potted shape of close confinement
keeping Walnuts, Filberts,

skin to

Strawberries
from wet.
Bun a soft broom
are
secure
the
over
Peach
and Nectarine trees with greatcare, to take off justthe
the
of
leaves.
be
commenced
Pruning may
very ripest
amongst
Pears and Apples. Shreds should be prepared on wet days,as
well as labels for naming fruit trees. See that the old wall
nails are cleaned and prepared in readiness for use.
Use every
to well ripen the wood of Peach and Nectarine
possiblemeans
trees,and where the walls are flued a littlefire heat should be
applied until the leaves begin to fall freely. If the trees are
too much
crowded
with young wood every shoot that will not
be wanted
at nailing time should be cut out, so as to expose
those left to all the lightpossible. Attend to former directions
as
regardsroot-pruning,and where it is requiredlet it be done
at once.
Boot-pruning,however, is not of much service where
the roots cannot strike down
into the subsoil,
and where this
is the case it will be better to liftover-luxuriant trees and concrete
the bottom of the border,as cutting
the horizontal roots,
althoughit may check the gross habit for a season, would not

induce

frnitfalhabit.
PLOWER

GARDEN.

Where evergreens are to be removed let it be done as soon as

circumstances will admit, for the most favourable season
for
this sort of work will soon
be past. The
scarcer
varietiesof
Geraniums
should not be risked in beds too long ;
variegated
they had better be taken up and potted immediatelythe
weather becomes at all threatening.
After pottingit will be a
_

good plan to place them on a gentle bottom heat in a pit or

house, where the atmosphere can be kept sufficiently
dry to
prevent the foliagebeing injured. So circumstanced they will
soon
become established,
when they may be stored away for the
winter in a cool dry house, where they will be out of the reach
of frost. Keep grass short and frequentlyrolled,
so as in some
measure
to prevent the growth of moss, and keep the surface
firm and smooth.
Also roll gravelwalks frequently
in damp
weather,so as to render them smooth and comfortable to walk
Lose no
time in planting offset Tulips,
on.
and any of the

whole
be placedwhere it can
be
stock of these should now
covered at nightin case
of frost,for although they will beai:
of that than most things,it is not good policyto leave
more
them to the mercy of the weather much
after this season, un~
less in favoured localities. It is better,however, to placethem
in skeleton frames, or in a sheltered situation where theycan
be covered in case of need, than to huddle them tos thicklytogether
under
donC;^
glass, or to put them, as is sometimes
under the shade of Vines.
See that tree Violets are perfectly
free from
the red spider,for if the foliageis
their enemy
allowed to get disfigured
at this season, the plants will long
remain unsightlyafterwards.
See that the Epacrisesand other
winter-bloomingplants are placed in a lightpart of the greenhouse
where they will be fullyexposed to the sun, so as to get
the wood
well ripened,and to ensure
their blooming freely.
Examine Heaths or anything else subject
to mildew frequently,
be perceived^
and apply sulphur immediately the pest can
Water must
be very carefully
appliedat this season, especially
in the case
is
there
much
of large specimens,for
more
dangcE
in overwatering now
and
than when the weather is warmer
the plants frethe plants more
active ; therefore,
look over
quently,
and

never

water untilit is absolutely

necessary.
STOVE.

A temperature of 65" to 70" by day,and 60" by night,wil"

moist atmosphere in the afternoon
still using a somewhat
suffice,
and during the night,with a free circulation of air,keeping
of the Orchids
also a quietventilation all night. As some
become
family,the Cycnoches,
ripe, such as the Catasetnm
Lycastes,"c., they may be removed to a drier and somewhat
of treatment with
Pursue a kindly course
cooler atmosphere.
similar subjectsfor winterthe Euphorbias, Gesneras, and
The Phaju^
be of great service.
flowering,these will soon
som,
with the Neottia speciosawill soon
begin to blosgrandiflorus
Let them
also the Cypripediuminsigneand venustum.
Keane.
W.
have plenty of heat and moisture.
"

main
bulbs which do not appear
to be in a healthy state.
THE
LAST
WEEK.
OF
Attend
DOINGS
to the proper arrangement of the bulbs,and improve
the collection by the introduction of new
varietiesas much as
A FINE
however,
open week with sunny days,terminating,
possible. Some do not like the trouble of growing breeder or
with heavy rains on
the 7th inst. The
made
such a
sun
self Tnlips. Now, this appears a most iateresting
department change in the flower beds, that we had them all picked over,
of the fancy,for by this means
the amateur
becomes
bers
possessed taking away barrowloads of washed and spent blooms. Numof the fineststrains or breaks possible. The same
breeder may
of blooms
began to show fresh and well,and but for the
become rectified,
still it does not follow that it will be good, rains of to-daywe
calculated that by Monday we
should have
and yet in the hands of another person a similar one
had somethinglike a second summer
may prodisplay.However,on the

JOtTENAL

284

OF

HOETIOULTUBE

AND

COTTAGE

[ October 12,1871.

GAEDENER.

againstthe walls of an open shed, we have never

them
seen
injuredby frost. When thus hung up in the dry we would remove
GARDEN.
nothing from them, not a bit of the loose coveringof the
KITCHEN
We
Glass Protections,
Cabbages, and bnt bulb ; that is easilydone before taking them to the kitchen.
planted out more
lor the rains rendering the ground clayeywe shonld have had
Many cottagers might keep their Onions much
longer and
glasses. sounder than they do if they could only be convinced that they
Cauliflowers
forward
most
planted out under old handour
would
be
battered
and
if
these
s
afe,
This is so
use
them,
though
we
perfectly
though
cool,
dry.
Having
very
broken at the sides,and we hardly think them worth mending, far important,as a sound Onion is often a great help to the
labourer who must partake of his cold dinner in the open field.
"xcept as regardsthe tops,which we keep whole ; but we almost
Our Onions have been very fair,but not so largeas we exto be such an
pected.
despairof keeping the sides right,there seems
them and the points of forks and the points
attraction between
Owing to the changes of the weather they stood still,
the
discoloured
and
the
of
too
the
We
should
flagswere
"of the shoes of
men.
greatly prefer stout
tops
early. Still we
wooden boxes, tarred at bottom or set on narrow
slipsof slate have a fine crop of good-sizedbulbs,and in excellent condition.
tiles boxes eay 7 inches deep and from
18 to 24 inches
Lately we saw a fine quarter of equal-sizedOnions at Luton
or
Hoo.
in
They were not like imported Onions, but throughout the
square, with a moveable glasstop. We have littledifficulty
do the sides of metal
largequarterthe bulbs would average from 12 to 13 inches in
keeping the tops whole, but so much
circumference.
We notice this chieflyfrom the fact that, so
time ago in bad weather
suffer with us, that some
Jiand-lights
the second if not third year for
far as we recollect,
this was
the broken
"we removed
squares at the sides and replacedthem
Onions
the
with squares of old zinc which had been removed
from a building.
on
same
spot ; and if we are not mistaken, Mr.
of his old masters had grown
inventions we should be satisfied Cadger told us that one
Onions
Among all the new
the same
of years, and that the last
with the box of wood and the top of glass. That top might be
on
ground for a number
quisite year'scrop was
a littlespan, or it might be a singlesquare of glassof the realways the best that is,superiorto that which
The little box might be lower on the
is contrary to the generallyresize in a frame.
preceded it. This of course
ceived
ideas of the rotation of crops, but we
south side,so as to resemble a miniature
have met
garden frame ; but
with
instances
and
be
should
in
where
the
where
to
own
succession
are
our
simplicity
combined, we
practice
many
economy
the box square all round, say 7 inches deep, and then by for two or three years of the same
make
attended with an
crop was
raisingone side,say with a couple of bricks,we could give the advantage rather than a disadvantage. We think the rotation
{all any way we
chose. For such work out of doors, for proof garden
system is of most importance where there is a scarcity
for retaininggreaterheat among
small plants ground, and more
of a few
as it is only in the case
especially
pagatiugin-doors,
and cuttingsin houses, where
it might be necessary to have
be satisfied with one
crops that we can
crop in the year ; still
know
would
the atmosphere of the house drier and colder,we
of no
it
be of importance to know
well-authenticated
cases
where the same
plan more
simple than such wooden boxes from 18 to 24 inches
ground produced similar annual crops year
In
with
moveable
laid
them.
the
after
without
least
a
case
in
the
deterioration
their
over
glasstop
square,
showing
year
"of tender cuttingsunder glassin a pit or house, if there should
qualityor quantity.
It is a singularfact,but no less a fact,that some
of the
tieany danger from damp from the condensed moisture on the
under side of the glass,one need have no trouble with wiping oldest and most experiencedare those who are the least stereotyped
in their ideas as to rotation of cropping. We
and drying; all that will be requiredwill be to liftthe glasstop
have
and put the upper dry side undermost.
border in a kitchen
a
vividlyin our recollection just now
It is necessary to keep this in view, more
which
Neatness.
for
from
and
under
the
to
garden
thirtyyears,
twenty
espeAll decaying vegetables and
six or seven
at the present season.
successive gardeners,has
"!ially
management of some
of weeds are peculiarly
been always planted with Brussels Sprouts, the young
masses
at this
depressingto the spirits
crop
of the year.
season
Amongst cottagersa little slovenliness is being soon
planted after the other is done with. The present
excusable
during the harvest months, when
gardener told us he had the border well trenched and
generallyall
hands, large and small, are busily engaged. Bnt when they manured, and the crop was, if anything, better,though we
are
past the desire to have everything neat and clean, and all believe it was
always a most serviceableborder. He also
decaying matter and weeds placed where they shall contribute
stated,what we knew to be a fact,that as it had borne Brussels
instead of malaria, should
be practicallySprouts so well for so many
to future fertility
years, he thought he might as well
the border was
the practice,
situated that he
so
continue
developed. How often have we noticed cottagegardens, and
as
all about and outside the cottage,
neat as neat could be in
could hardlyuse it for anything bnt such winter and spring
as
April,May, and June, and onwards, and yet presentinga most
vegetables.
GARDEN.
drearyaspectin the months of September and October ; rotting
FEUIT
We
refer to what
has been latelysaid of gathering
must
"Cabbage leaves, weltering Potato tops, and decaying Bean
stalks and Pea haulm
the earlier kinds,before fullyripe,so
taintingthe air; whilst grass and rank
fruit,
"o., and especially
weeds
made
almost impassable the pathway up to the house
enemies.
Tbe
fered
as
to escape many
drenching weather interwith the flavour of Peaches, "c., and it was
a
door,that was so clean and neat in May. No doubt the waning
great
to find a hole picked in a fine Peach
or
Pear, so
year has a greateffect upon us all,but such results should be
annoyance
We
had
intended
and
cooked.
could only be
that it could not be sent to table,
guarded against.
long before now to have
"aaid something of the specialities
of the
other protectivemeans
Where
cannot be tried much
may be
Wohurn
fiJtow the finest we
done by gatheringbefore tbe fruit is fullyripe,and givingit a
ever
Cottagers'Mortimltural
For instance,from one
little help artificially.
espaliertree
"aw, and the interest may be judged from the fact that there
above 1300 entries for competition,
dozens of the Williams's Bon
besides what was kindly well loaded we have still some
were
sent for observation. We may be permitted here justto menChretien Pear as hard as fresh-lilted Potatoes ; bnt from that
tion
of this well-managed Cottagers' tree we have sent in dishes from the firstweek in September
of the peculiarities
one
that
the
rewards
the forwardest,
time after time, and givingthem a
and
is
for
the
not
bestmerely
given
"Society,
by selecting
'CuUivated gardens and allotments,
and the givingthese awards
so treated will not keep long,and
littleartificialheat. The fruit,
excellent plan therefore only as many
should be made
to different districtsin rotation ; bnt the most
ready at a time as will
We often treat Marie Louise and other fine
meet the demand.
adopted by the Judges of going several times during the season,
without notice,to examine
and note down the
Pears in the same
in a cold wet season
and, we believe,
way, and late Peaches
of each competitor. may thus be earlier sent in good condition to table ; and while
peculiaritiesof culture and management
the
do
when
of
but
rather
hard
trouble
them
less.
We
not know
insects,"c.,
competitioncommences,
year
be well that
is generallyheld about July,it would
as the show
OKNAMENTAL
DEPARTMENT.
months.
We have alreadyalluded to the flower garden. With a week
the year of competition should begin in the autumn
has been
whole, the eeaeou
departments of gardening.

far

beyond the

average

for all

"

"

"

"

show.
We
feel confident that such visits then would tend to do away
of fine weather there would stillbe a fine second summer
with the autumnal
slovenliness observable not only in cottage It is well to pick away all dead blooms
to keep ourselves from
gardens,but also,we fear,not at all rare in many of our garmelancholy musings. Notwithstanding the greater exposure to
dens
whore a regular gardener is kept.
the wind, plantsin vases
have suffered less from the wet than
Onions
tirely
those on the ground. A late show of flowers will depend enand Eolation of Crops. Even in the wet week we
There
could not find time to string or house
warmth
and the coaxing rays of a brightsnn.
our
on
Onions, but we
placed them all under the protectionof lights,"c., before the are myriads of trusses and blooms just waiting for such an
wet weather set in. There is no better mode
of keeping them
enticement
to displaytheir colours.
than stringingthem according to their sizes,and not making
We have rarely had all the Scarlet section of Geraniums
the stringstoo long. Provided the Onions are kept dry, as ' better than this season, and we have fallen back on a number
"

October 12, 1871. ]

JOURNAL

OP

HOBTICULTUEE

AND

GAEDBNEB.

COTXAGB

285

of old kinds, as Punch, Tom

Enbens, doors,the C. Versohaffelti,
and without success, it has been
Thumb, Stella,Cybister,
on
the whole
and dearth of water.
Trentham
greatlyowing to two causes
Rose, Sea.,as suiting our purpose
povertyof soil,
kinds.
We have tried numerous
rose
better than newer
pinks, Perhaps there are, properlyspeaking,three points instead of
in a shady place Helen
two essential to success
and
:
Lindsay is magnificent, and
First,strongplantsto be turned out
in fine weather in June ; second, a fair top-dressingof rotten
Forget-me-not and others are good ; but for all places and
For a
that
find nothing to equal the old Christine.
from
situations we
dung, as
a decayed Mushroom
bed, one of the causes
of the success
in the fine bed at Woburn
we
thirdly,never
lightgracefulpink with white and green variegatedfoliage,
; and
to allow the beds to become
have found nothing to surpass
Silfer Nosegay. Most of the
dry. Our beds are very fair,full,
"

"

obligedto water in order that and on the whole well coloured,but they would have been better
weaker-growing kinds we were
theyshould be kept on, and not suffer so much if a heavy rain if we had given them, or could have given them, more water in
hot weather.
Once
like the Golden
came.
Watering, however, is a matter of importance to us and
established,
Pyrethrnm,
who
from
come
to be indulged-iu but rarely. Those
parks the Coleus thrives and looks best in a season
diversifiedwith
sunshine
and showers.
and placeswhere a shower bath can be given to the beds every
E. F.
alternate evening, cannot believe that these massive
plants,
latelyso full of bloom, must pretty well look after themselves.
that
in the first place brought us to the conclusion
TO
CORRESPONDENTS.
Necessity
of water and the
so abundance
as it is not all gold that glitters,
to any of the
*j(* We requestthat no one will write privately
unmixed
not
it
in
abundance
an
advantage.
are
using
always
correspondentsof the " Journal of Horticulture,
Cottage
A little
matter is here worth noting. It is a very different
Gardener, and Country Gentleman."
By doing so they
thing to keep a regulargood supplyof good thingsevery day
All
are
trouble and expense.
subjectedto unjustifiable
flower garden gay with
a
for a resident family,and to have
communications
should
therefore be
addressed
solelyto
the
and to satisfy
wishes of
bedding plantsas earlyas possible,
The Editors of the Journal ofHorticulture,
dx., 171, Fleet
until August and
at home
another family that is hardlyever
London, E.C.
Street,
much
and
less
will
be
smaller
care
Much
plants
September.
imtil next
N.B.
unanswered
Many questionsmust remain
requiredin the latter ease, and yet the result will,for the time
week.
prepared for,be as good if not even better. As respects the
Potato.
We have had so many
letters wiBhing to purEaelt
Eo3e
full chase this
flower garden,we have in our mind's
eye placesthat were
variety from
K,," that if he has any to sell,and will send us
and brilliantin July,or even the end of June, and other places his address for publication,we think that he will Boon have disposed of
then
plantsfew and far between ; but the latter his surplus.
very meagre
Books
Manual"
(Thistle)."The "Fern
than the earlier
gives full directions for the
were
quiteas good as, and perhapsfresher-looking
culture
is practicalof Ferns.
The
Cottage Gardeners' Dictionary
most needed.
of September, when they were
ones, in the month
Keaue's
In-door Gardening
would aid you in managing
house.
your greenThere could be no
comparison in the labour involved in the
"

"

"

"

"

"

''

"

"

who did not see their

two different eases, but for the proprietors
has his London
Supplying
Journal
this
(Cannazaro). Your newsman
gardens until the firstdays of September the less-labour system parcel on Saturday. If you had the Journal direct from our office it
would be posted on Thursday morning.
would
do
for
would
be quite as telling. That
not
a
system
Gathesing
Peaes
(C. J; E. T.)."All Pears are fittorgatheringas soon
resident establishment,and yet this simple fact is apt to be
as, by liftingthe fruit upwards, the stalk parts readily from the spray.
sideration.
to be taken into conforgottenwhen the " s. d. questioncomes
of those sports so
VAHrEGATED-LEAVED
VIOLET
{W. Bill).~li is One
The whole question of a constant displayin the
to the normal
frequently met with, and probably would return
green
shrubs
flower garden, from nice variegatedand evergreen
in
in another
soil and
colour
For use, if permanent,it would not
season.
in spring, equal the Golden Pyrethrum.
winter to early-bloomingand nioe-foliaged
subjects
Bush
Trees
Pear
Mma^cMr)." If your Louise Bonne Pear trees planted
to masses
of bedding plantsand subtropical
plantsin summer,
lifted and planted in 1870,show siens of canker, then the soil mu"fc
is on
of peculiar in 1S69,
the whole now
less than hitherto a matter
be unsuitable, or perhaps not properly drained. Fruit trees will not succeed
do not reskill than that of money,
and labour. We
quire in a cold wet subsoil- The Louise Bonne
means,
does better trained as a pyramid
the Quince is an
than
to know
what
excellent stock for it,producing
to tell our
readers how it rejoices
us
as
a bu"h, and
an
fruit
than
from
the
Pear
In planting Pear trees grafted
stock.
larger
impetus has been given to the love of the beautiful by the on the
Quince, the stock should be quite covered up to the junction of thcr
ornamental
gardening that has been done at the CrystalPalace, graft. The swelling at the junction to which you allude is not uncommon
at Kensington, at Victoria,Battersea, and Hyde Parks, Kew
when the Quince is used as a stock. Drain your ground if it requires it,
of it,as in your
the
case
and trench 2 feet deep if the subsoil will admit
the talented
with every desire to honour
Gardens, "c. ; still,
to lie at the root,although, as
the trees do well as pyramids
evil seems
superintendentsand their desire to accomplish the greatest with you, the mode of training
have some
effect.
may
results with the smallest outlay,we are
not the less convinced
Planting
a Peach
House
[A Eecent Subscriber). Three dwarf-traine5
that it would
be to the benefit of many
a
country gentleman, and two standard trees will be sufficient for the back wall of a house
the
front wall^
40 feet long. We
do not think a line of espaliers near
and to the advantage of many
a gardener,if the results in these
planted with trees trained on the French
system, is the best way to
not only commented
publicplaceswere
on, but the expenditure utilise your space.
It would be much
better to fix a wire trellis at the
involved were
also taken into consideration.
distance of a foot from the front sashes,and also wire the roof by straining
wires horizontally at the distance of a foot from the glass; the wires
Our generalwork with cuttings,
"c., has been much
potting,
detailed in previousweeks, and we
for the present should be strained tightly. The trees should not be trained quite up to
as
must
of the roof, as they would
the trees
the apex
exclude the light from
conclude with alludingto two matters.
number
and
You will require the same
planted against the back wall.
from
the'
the
There
is
for
foot
Centaurea
candidissima.
trees
no
class
of
the
front
for
the
back
them
white-leaved
as
a
First,
; plant
front wall. For the front we
would select Pen cbes. Early York, Noblesse,
and
in keeping the old plants by taking them
difficulty
up
and Grosse Mignonne ; Nectarines, Violette ELative and Pine Apple. For
Side shoots the back wall we would have Peaches, Bellegarde, Desse Tardive, and
repottingthem, but they like plenty of room.
Good-sized
shoots in
will strike freelyin the spring in heat.
Salway; Nectarines, Elruge and Victoria.
will do well if taken off in August. We have rooted
summer
Vallota
purpurea
Treatment
(A Constant Subscriber). The foliag"
in a light airy position
of
the plants would not become
them
off
in
and
long if they were
as
them Buooessfully
we
by taking
September,
in a greenhouse from which
the
Place
nearer
frost is excluded.
them
this
in
October.
For
are
so
we
now
doing
late, like, glass,and so that they may receive lightequally on all sides. The leaves
purpose
however, to cut off nice pieces,with stems not less in thickness should never
be cut
but those turningdown, it being an evergreen,
than a good-sizedquill,
so
dress them
Keep it dry in winter, but not so much
leaving the foliage yellow should be removed.
neatly,
the leaves to flag,and
in spring, and when
growing and
mostly untouched, and insert them in pans close to the sides of as to cause
water freely. It is one of the finest of greenhouseflowering
flowering,
small
60- sized pot,with a bit of slate down
the middle and a
a
bulbs, and ought to be in every garden.
little twig in the centre to tie the largishleaves to. But for
BELLia
AucusaiEOLiA
LOSING
VARIEGATION
(Idem). It is usual for
room
one
cutting at the side of a small pot would be best. plants of this,in a season like the present, to become green from the cold
If the soil had not been so rich,the plants would
wet.
We use the slate to keep the roots distinct,
as
they are so and continued
not have become
Mix
sand or gritwith the soil as you
green.
brittle. We place these pots in a cold frame or pitfor a fortnight probably
We
cannot
propose, affording a slightly shaded position in summer.
three weeks, keeping them
or
a littledamp, but not wet,
^ccount for double white and red Daisies becoming single.
until the base of the cuttingbegins to swell. Then we plunge
Both
Lindeni
Alternanthera
Iresine
Propagation
AND
(M. W.)
are
the pots in a mild bottom heat,and as soon as the roots form
propagated by cuttings,which may be struck at all seasons, but best in
beat of
August and September, and in March ; place them in a bottom
there is a greatrisk of
harden-off. If put in heat at once
we
70^ to 75", keep them
close, moist, and shaded, and they will strike as
damping. When cuttingsare inserted in July and August the freely as Verbenas. The galvanised iron wire and fittingsabout which
oool process will do all through. The above mode
is best now
you inquire are good.
and at the end of September. The other matter baa reference
Various
(J. W. L.). It will not do to cut back the old Vine shoots to
within two or three leaves of their base, but you may remove
any laterals,
to the
indeed clear them all off,so as to admit more
light and air to the shoots,
of many
Coleus.
Let us here remark
that in the case
who
and BO ensure
their better ripening. Prune when
the leaves have fallen.
have tried the only Coleus we have found worth room
out of For the red spider yon cannot do better than syringe the Vines with a
"

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JOURNAL

OF

HORTICULTUEE

solation of 2 ozs, of soft soap to the gallon,and when

you
prnne them
with a solution of 3 ozs. of
stripoff all the loose bark and dreas the canes
soft soap in a gallon of tobacco
water, brought to the consistency of paint
and
Camellias
with bad drainage
with flowers of sulphur. The Azaleas
should have this put in order at once, and if necessary you may
repot
them, but be very caref al of the roots. Do not repot the Heaths having
We
think
the Strawberry plantation
good dfainage until early in March.
do not think
must be old,and placing road scrapings between the rows
we
a part of the old leaves, and
advisable
mulch between
We would cut away
and we
should make
the rows
with manure,
a new
plantation,and remove
the old after next year'sfruiting. Good kinds are
President, Dr. Hogg,
Rivers's Elizi,and Frogmore Late Pine.
Indigg'ng the ground we would
but manure,
add nothing to it for Strawberries
and that not very near
the
For other crops you
coal ashes,
surface.
add, for loosoDing the soil,
may
to road scrapings unless very gritty.
"which are preferable
Heaths
and
Epaceises
Pbopagating
{Brimsioick)."The cuttings
rather
should be taken from the points of the shoots when
they become
be handled
firm at the base, but before they are ripe. If they can
easily
firm. The time for taking the cuttings depends considerably
"theyare sufl"ciently
the kinds.
When
the plants have made
fresh growth that
on
be handled
can
easily,that is the proper time. The cutting-pots should
be half filled with drainage, on that place the rough portions of sandy
and
to within half an inch of the rim with the finer particles,
peat,filling
then half an inch of silver sand, pressing firm and giving water, which
at least twelve hours,
should pass through the pots. Let the pots stand
then press again, and put in the cuttings so that they may just clear each
Set the pots on a shelf or bed in a cool stove
or
Gther.
vinery at work,
be kept
with a close-fitting
frame or bell-glasses.They must
and cover
from strong light. They will root surely in
close,iustmoist, and shaded
off and potted singly,
about sis weeks, and should be gradually hardened
ened
keeping them close for a short time afterwards, then they may be hardabout
off. Cuttings 1^ to 2 inches long are proper, inserting them
in
in
the
soil.
the
inch
are
same
taking
an
Epacrises
propagated
way,
Cuttingsof the young shoots about 2 inches in length.
Seed
Mangold
and
Swede
Turnips
for
(IF.B. B.)." Select the bestBhaped and heaviest for seed,pulling them up, and storing them in sand
in a shed and covering them
with straw in severe
weather, so as to save
after February as the ground is in good
them from frost. Plant as soon
the tap roots of the
Remove
the
none
roots
order.
of
except
"working
Plant in rows
Swedes.
3 feet apart, and 18 inches asunder in the rows.
Propagating
Evergreens
Laurel, Portugal
{W. H. S. D.)." Common
Laurel, and Aucubas should be inserted in the open ground in rows about
S.foot apart,and about 3 inches apart in the row, taking the cuttings with
Insert
two-thirds
inch of the last year's wood.
a short heel of about an
The earlier they
of their length in the soil,and make
it firm about them.
with a frame
are
put in the better,and it is desirable to cover the Aucubas
weather.
The
Hollies and Conifers
and lights,admitting air in mild
the
should be covered with glass,the former under a wall or fence, and
with hand-glasses or frames.
others are best in a cold house
covered
For covering
until the following autumn.
They ought not to be removed
the trellis on the north side of the house Virginian Creeper (Ampelopsis
know
of nothing
we
hederacea) would suit ; but if you want an evergreen
BO good as
Ivy, the Irish and Basgner'sbeing go^d. We
have, however
the Traveller's Joy (Clematis Vitalba) against a wall with a north aspect
in fine
and it makes
shoots several yards long in a season, and is now
flower.
Ivy for a Waxl
(F. J.)."The cuttingsyou intend putting in at 18 inches
"apartshould be of the young
growths, and may be from 18 inches to 2 feet
long. Insert them half that length in the soil. It is not a bad plan, bus
it is preferableto put in the cuttiBgs in a shady border, and transplant a
select equal-sized plants. With cuttings
you can
year afterwards,when
put in where they are to remain there is very often great irregularityof

AND

COTTAGE

part of the greenhouse ."givingno

plants fresh.
Cuttings

[ October

GARDENER.
water

more

than

sufficient to keep the

Dijon
Rose
Vni them
in now
on
(Julia)."
an
east or west
with a
them
border, under a wall or fence, and cover
of heavy rains
frost.
hand-glass or frame, employing it only in case
or
Id mild weather
of air
The cuttings will be rooted by
give abundance
April,and may then be taken-up carefully,
potted, and placed in a frame,
keeping them close and shaded from bright sun
until they are growing
freely; then harden thtm off.
Worms

in

and pour
stand

op

over

Glotre

12, 1871.

Pots

dk

(Idem)." Place in a watering-pot 1 lb. of fresh lime,

gallons of water, stir well up, and let the mixture
in the pots,deluge
; then, after closing the holes

it three

forty-eighthours

Let
the soil with the clear lime water.
the soil remain
so for sis hours,
afterwards
liberate the drainage, and the worms
will either come
out of
the pots or be destroyed. Clay or cork answers
for stopping up the holes.
Dielytra

and
Datura
Culture
(^.D.)."Dielytra spectabil^smay be
hardy herbaceous plant,which it is,and it is one of the most
April or May. A plant from 3 to 4 feet in height, and from
5 to 6 feet in diameter, is very ornamental, but it rarely finds a place in
spring flower gardening, though its foliage may render it conspicuous.
All it requires is a good, rich,sandy loam, adding leaf soil or well-decayed
in autumn.
manure
liberally,
giving a mulching of leaf soil or manure
be had
It is also an ornament
to the greenhouse or conservatory,and may
in flower from January to April by gentle farcing. The
plants for this
should be taken up now, and placed in pots which will hold the
purpose
roots without
cramping whilst they admit of a moderate quantity o! soil
We
all round.
use
good turfy loam and one
part of leaf soil,affording
good drainage. Water moderately, and place in a cold pit or frame, drafting
the plants into the forcing-house as required ; or the plants maybe taken
to the greenhouse in January and
have a light airy positionafter they
have a tendency to draw, turn theplants
begin to grow
; and if the shoots
Do
not overround occasionally,so as to have them
evenly balanced.
water, but let the soil become
dry, then give a good supply before the
foliage flags. After flowering place them out of doors in a shelterel
as
position,and water throughout the summer
required, repotting in
In case of a frame not being convenient
autumn, and placing in a frame.
the plants may
have a sheltered situation,and the pots plunged to
the rim
in coal ashes, removing them
to the greenhouse in January.
Datura cornigera requires a compost of iibrous loam two parts,one
part
leaf soil or well-rotted manure,
and
is not
good drainage. If the loam
to be kept rather dry,
sandy add sand liberally. The plant ought now
lessening the supply of water gradually,and keeping them dry in winter.
At the close of February or
them
in rather
beginning of March
prune
closely,and water them sparingly until the shoots are a few inches long,
the ball readily
then repot,removing any old soil that can be taken from
with a pointed piece of wood, and
shift. Keep the
giving a moderate
plants rather close and moist for a few days, and water them sparingly
until the potting is recovered,and then
ing
water
syringing mornplentifully,
and evening so as to ward
off red spider. It ought to flower from
July. It should have a light and airy position.
Pipes
Painting
Hot-water
{Idem). We have ours painted thinly with
lamp black and linseed oil. We heat the pipes as hot as possible, and
then
of air, and keep up the heat
paint well. We give an extra amount
of the pipes until the paint is dry. We never
experience any smell when
the pipes are dry. During many
years'practicewe have not experienced
any prejudicialeffects from the paintiog.

treated

beautiful

as

for

"

be
Heating
a
Greenhouse
{Suhscriber). An Arnott's stove would
powerful for so small a house (14 feet by 13 feet). A gas stove, or
Shrewsbury's gas-heated water apparatus, would be sufficient and more
manageable.
Ammonia
Destroying
Mealy
Bug
for
{T. 0. X)." The carbonate of
but it is so very
ammonia
sprinkled on sawdust or fibre will answer,
growth.
small
volatile that escept in very
quantity there is great danger ol
CovEHiNG
FRAMES
FOR
nia
(Idem). We do not see the objection to straw
scorching the foliageof the plants. It would be well to plane the ammowould be a sufficient
An ounce
mats, which, neatly made, are anything but unsightly. Nest to straw,
in saucers,
filling-upwith water.
not
so
"bast mats answer,
but they are as unsightly as straw, and are
quantity for a house 80 feet long by 20 feet wide. If it affect the eyes and
is also good. The
"effective. Frigi domo
covering to keep out frost will
You would
nose
much, give air,or the result will be scorched leaves.
and should be as dry as you can
require to be about six thicknesses,
stated
liquor
what was
see
by us at page 199 respecting the ammoniacal
have it.
of the gasworks placed in saucers.
Stove and
Greenhouse
(D.). To keep up stove heat in the firstsmall
Deodaea
Pruning
Cedrus
{Idem). Now is a good time to prune this
vision,beautiful
will need about 6'ifeet of 4-inch piping. In the larger di"division,
you
Conifer,and it is advisable to shorten branches that have grown
to maintain
a fair greenhouse temperature, you
will require 50 feet.
irregularly,retaining,however, a well-disposed shoot for continuation.
We are supposing that the pipes are above ground.
succeed
either as pyramids or
Victoria and Fivers's Enrly Prolific Plums
In gardens
best grown
as standards.
For orchards they are
Seedling
CoLEUS
leaves are
(J. R. J.)."The
richly coloured, standards.
very
mottled crimson, neatly edged with green, and stout.
pyramids only are suitable.
and Royal
Greenhouse
Vines
Fruit
{AnxioiisInquirer). Black Hamburgh
International
a
in
Show
few omissions
(T.J.)."There were
advertise in our
who
Muscadite.
Any of the principal nurserymen
our
report of this Show; for instance, the beautifully ripened Coe'a
columns
can
supply superior specimens of the flowers you name.
Golden
Drop
Plums, of which Mr. Record, gardener to the Marquis of
will
Salisbury,at Hatfield,sent a basketful ; Mr. Webb's collection of Filberts
{J. B. (?.)."The quantity of soda you mention
Soda to Sewage
Melons
from
Mr.
and Cob Nuts : the fine specimens of Cox's Golden Gem
the sewage of the stable,"c.
have no injurious effect upon
Moffat ; Mr. Jack's Peaches ; Messrs.
Lucombe, Pince, " Co.'s Guavas ;
Vine Border
Compost
for
{J. Q. K.). We have to apologise for this
All these were
noted at
and Mr. W. Paul's beautiful
group of Tea Roses.
in
use
Do not by any means
decaying animal matter
being overlooked.
and
the time, but want
of time
space prevented their being noticed.
kill the roots as they came
the composition of your Vine border ; it would
There is a limit even
to the powers of the printingmachine.
with it,and the border would in time become
a pasty mass
in contact
;
best material
for a
would not use it. The
in small quantities we
even
Pyrub
japonica
(E. T,)."The fruit is of no use as an article of food.
border
Vine
is turfy loam, with a small portion of crushed bones ; mortar
in a reply to another correYour other question you will find answered
spondent.
For
be obtained.
be added it they can
rubbish and charcoal may
topand horse
dressing, also, use
turfy loam two parts, half-decayed cow
should
Preserving
Bedding
Plants
8-inch potful o!
{P. P. R.). Of Calceolarias we
add an
in equal proportions one
manure
part, and
in a cold frame
about 1^ inch apart, pulverisedbones to each barrowload.
take cuttings and
insert them
putting in the frame about 3 inches of good sandy soil,and about an inch
SAiiT A3 A Manure
{E. F.)." See No. 547,page 218. You will there find
of sand.
the weather is mild, and when frostyprotect
Give air whenever
the subject.
a long article on
and straw, not removing the protectionin severe
with mats
periods until
Begonias
Vines with
winter
(G. S.). According to your statement we would
a general thaw.
Gnaphalium lanatum
by taking up the
you may
as
of the Vines
at once, in order to concentrate
the old stems
cut away
of
rather dry in a greenhouse, and the same
plants,and keeping them
in
the
shoots intended
for next
much
as
year's fruiting. So
possible
have cuttings
the Heliotrope and Verbenas.
Of the latter we presume
you
If not, you may
long as the leaves on these shoots remain greenish" thatis,not yellowish,
which were
struck in August in a cold close frame.
harm, but
will do the Vines no
the heat of 60"^ to suit the Begonias now
stillput in cuttings,but they will require to have a hotbed of 70\
trope
Heliofall,and the Vines take their period of rest,it will
as the leaves
The old
as soon
bottom heat.
cuttings may also stillbe put in; give them
exceed
45'''.
should not
be well that the temperature from fire heat
plants if wintered
safelywill give you cuttings which in March will strike
all the
be kept warm
a
house should
it is desirable that such
When
Golden Feather Pyrethrum is quite hardy. You may
freelyin a hotbed.
be kept cool by being
leave it where
it is,placing a littleleaf soil about the plants,or take it up,
winter, it is also desirable that the Vines should
from the
pot it,and winter it in the coolest part of the greenhcuse, or in a frame.
placed along the front, and secluded by any of various modes
inside now
We would water the Vines in the rows
Iresine Herbstii take up, and pot in sandy soil,placing it in the warmest
heat of the house.
"

too

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

OP

JOUENAIi

12, 1871. ]

October

HORTICULTURE

if very dry. If the soil is at all moist we would not water until three
would
then we
use
to force them, and
wished
weeka or bo before
we
and if moderately rich all the better. In fine,without
water-at about 70"^,
in
do all you wish, only For two or three months
any alterations you may
exceed 45^. You
winter it will be best that the fire heat should not much
rise from sun
heat.
have 10^ or more
may
Vinery
(E. S.)."ll your ground vinery is a lean-to,let the
the south ; if span-roofed,let the two sides face enst and west,
la the first place we
sun.
to get the morning and the afternoon
convenient
would rather prefer the west end for planting,unless it were
to plant on the south side. On the second supposition we would plant in
the south end.
Ground

glassface
as

so

have
glfisgonly
a Vineet
Glazing
you
(F. Dufcc)." As you must
of that width
" inches wide, we would
advise you to have each square
of squares
15 to 18 inches in length, acccording to the number
from
advise
would
necessary to go from top to bottom without cutting. We
if free
good thirds of 21-oz. glass,though fourths turn out well generally,
of threea
would
we
lap
give
of
from
At
that
length
squares
spots.
sixteenths of an inch" that is,between one-eighth and one-quarter of an
inch, but all alike,and that you must allow for in ordering your glass. If
-the roof is steep one-eighth of an
inch will be ample; if flat a littlemore
pages would
will be desirable. Any of those firms that advertise in our
when
the glass is all to be of the same
and
to
the
order,
supply
glass cut
profitableand economical way
width and length,that is by Ur the most
are
answering on the snpof getting the glass of the right size. We
.positionthat you are going to glaze with putty in the old-fashioned way,
and if so, you cannot do the work too soon.
Hot
Water
Circulating
{Chesham). If the water will not cir"
not
"culate in the apparatus heated by gas it is not, as you think, because th^
manV
have
worked
into the flow-pipe. We
supply cistern goes at once
On the whole, i^
that was 3 the arrangement.
kinds of apparatus where
the
to
be
we
the
is
prefer
heated,
"the cistern
highest pipe
higher than
supply to enter the return-pipe,or to go into the bottom of the boiler at
There
must
not
the
circulation.
but
will
stillthe
other
mode
stop
"once
;
have
all right,you may
If the pipes are
be something else the matter.
air between
two bodies of water
missed
some
air-vent,and accumulated
of
blocks
if
had
as
will render circulation as impossible
tight-fitting
yon
wood.
"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

AND

COTTAGE

287

GARDENER.

equallydistributed on both ; it therefore contrived by a sort of

jerk to cast the weight on one, and taking advantage of its
momentary freedom, the other was thrown forward, and the
with
the ground. This continued
with a pat on
foot came
made up its walking. It lasted as long as
both feet alternately,
it
returned
the
from
it was
relieved
force majeure
driven,but
to its kneelingpostare.
in Dorkings.
be seen
The
weakness
same
may sometimes
it is the resultof overgrowth.
As in the other we have described,
The Dorking,however, being intended for the table at an early
age, it is not so important. The only result will probablybe,
and kindliest of the ship's crew
that,like the best-tempered
wrecked formerlyon the coast of New Zealand,he will be eaten
first. Bat this is not the only fault in the Dorking'slegs. He
developed;
must have five toes, and these should be accurately
the double toe grows into one with two nails ;
to be attached to the bone of the leg, and
making an
to grow halfwayup the leg before it can detach itself,
of two legs. Sometimes there are six claws instead
appearance
get
the extra claws project
so far and
of five ; and sometimes
out of place,that the claw of one
so
leg scratches the other leg
and
this
cooks
of
Bat the
them.
each time the bird moves

but sometimes
sometimes
it

seems

other breeds must have spurs, and these,again,are recalcitrant.

and defence,
ornament
Instead of growing inside the leg,an
they grow outside,and are an eyesore.
The legsof White
yellowwhen they
Cochins, so beautifully
become
a dingy white as they get older.
are young,
sin,
01 the Game
will only remark that they sometimes
we
duck instead of a flat foot
i.e.,the
inasmuch
a
as they have
hinder toe, instead of being on the ground,is so high up that
"

it only touches it with the nail.

and
Moths
(A Young Enf:omologist). Of very popular
deficient in feathering.
mon
ComCochins
and Brahmas
The
come
by Rev. J. G. Wood on
insects,the shillingvolumes
as
serve
slight Dorkings,Creve-Ccears,and Houdans
"British
and
on
Butterflies,"
Mr. Colman
have stubs all down the
are
introductions
in their study. These
published by Routledge. Of
with five claws,
outside of their legs. Hamburghs
appear
of
British
Manual
Stainton's
the
three
best
works
are
comprehensive
British Butterflies
Dorkings with four,so that at times the breeder of all these
Butterflies and Moths." Van Voorst, and Newman's
sible
does
and British Moths
{Devonshire Street,Bishopagate). Mr. Newman
wishes that nether garments,shoes,and stockingswere admismot take the Micro-Lepidoptera.
of these things
For ordinarypurposes none
at shows.
the
Firs
infested
common
Your
Scotch
are
by
Insects
P.
".)."
(G.
is
beings,perfection
matter ; but where in fowls,as in human
beetle,ilylurguspinlperda. All the infested shoots should be picked off
The legsof Dorkings
sought for,the search is a difficultone.
their drooping condition indicates the presence
and burnt as soon
as ever
hen
than
the
in
the
W.
1. O.
should be taper for their size,more
so
^of the insect in the centre of the shoot.
The fifth claw should grow upwards ; it should be well
Fruits
cock.
Names
of
(H. S".)."1, St. Hurbain d'Hiver ; 2, Rousselet de la
d'Automne
fere
; 6, Enfant
"3our; 3, Tardif de Mons ; 4,Forelle;5, Fondante
a deformity
be
or to interbut
to
not
so
sufficiently
developed,
Luizet.
1, London
(H. B, I/.)."
Prodigue; 7, Beurre Bosc; 9, Beurre
with walking. They should be white.
Russet.
Pippin ; 2, Morris's Russet Nonpareil; 3, Ord's Apple ; 4, Boston
mas,
Hamburghs and Polish should have taper blue legs. BrahPlants
Names
of
(Seybor). The berries and spray you enclosed are
Cochins, Game, and Malay should have stouter legs,
tfchoseof the Cratsegus punctata, Dotted-fruited Thorn.
the
have
of
bone.
of plenty
Spanish
giving the assurance
Houdans
should have five
be blue.
must
,

Butterflies
tooks on these
Moths."

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

POULTRY,

BEE,

AND

PIGEON

CHRONICLE.

longestlegs,they
claws,and short stout legs of mixed

black and

white colour.

Creve-Cosars should have stout blue legs.

The only real disease to which
legs are subjectis the gout.
asked whether he
once
It is said the Dake of Wellington was
No, but
was,
knew a privatesoldier gouty ; the answer
ever
So in
old fat sergeant suffer from it."
he had known
an

LEGS.

"

now
Heads, tails,
legs. Yes, fowls have legs. Any leg will
its owner
i3o to walk with, and, barringaccidents,it will satisfy
;
or small
fowls. The energetic,
hard-living
cottager's
scratching,
is requiredby those who look for perfection.
bat something more
The
about
their
careful
Even
human
high farmer's fowl,that chases the children and jumps at their bread
legs.
beings are
has the gout ; but the florid and ofttimea
and butter, never
caused
and mighty among
us, the arbiters of fashion,have
stood first at Birmingham and has
overfed Dorking, that once
the
of a charm
modes
or
to vary, to hide either the want
been pampered ever since,is often a sufferer from it.
breeches and silk stockingswere
existence of a defect. Kaee
sad trials to a man
whose
leg resembled a mop-handle, or
less knook-kneed :
who was
or
bow-legged,or who was more
PALACE
CRYSTAL
THE
AT
FOWLS
FRENCH
"

hence trousers.

SHOW.
arrangement is,however, possiblefor fowls ; and
that the varieties
said about heads,so we say of legs,
I AM sorry to say it,but I cannot help thinking breeders of
birds as among
of the aboveand as remarkable
are
as
numerous
used by the Committee
among
French fowls are not fairly
to
human
beings, and that they are not wanting in affinity
Why should we be asked to pay an entrancenamed Show.
oehin
C
As we
sit and write we
them.
can
see
an
overgrown
fee of 7s. 6d. for a first prizeof "2, with the chance of winning
breeds are offered
cockerel,who seems
endeavouring to emulate the ostrich and
a three-guinea
cup ; whilst most of the other
birds of that tribe in the length of his legs. They are
long, a first prizeof "3, and in many classes valuable cups ? I would
angainly,and so weak as to be almost useless,
yet they were
when the birds will be returned from the
also like to know
We
made
to walk with, and he cannot walk without them.
Show ; as last year, although the Show closed on Saturday,
him walk, and will attempt to describe it. His
lowing.
have made
until the Wednesday folof my birds did not reach me
some
that he is conso
strained
body is large and tolerablyheavy,so much
B. Wood, Woodland
Hall, Uttoieter.
RoBKKT
his
from very weakness
to pass most of his time on
knees,and to rest in that position. If food and water were
Allow me
to state the
Poultbt
Show.
The
Southampton
brought to him we believe he would adopt it,that his legs
which have been raised to givetwo
result of the subscriptions
stiffin that position,
and that his motion would
would become
of
jured,silver cups, value five guineas each, to the best two pens
hereafter be partlya flappinglike a wild Dack, with body inat this Exhibition :" Mrs. T. Turner, "1 Is. ;
and both legsbroken,and partlya jamp like the kangaroo. Light Brahmas
J.
Mr.
N. J. Bidley, 10s.;
(Qaery,Would it inauguratea new breed?) We will,however, Mrs. A. Williamson, "1 Is.; Kev.
Pares, 10s. 6d. ; Mr. J. Eodbard, 10s. 6d. ; Mr. H. Dowsett,
describe the walk such as it was.
Compelledto rise it would
for fowls to do so.
It "1 Is. Mr. J. Storer,"1 Is. ; Mr. J. Long, 10s. 6d. ; Mr. F.
if it had been
No

"even

such

as

we

"

"

have sighed
possible
seemed impossibleto lift up one
leg while the

weight was

Crook, 10s. 6d. ; Mr. H. M. Maynard, "2 2s. ; the Committee,

JOUBNAL

288

"1 Is.

Total,"10

OP

HOETICULTUEE

10s. I hope when

the breeders of
these onps are to be given that we
collectionof birds. H. M. Matnaed.

AND

Light

COTTAGE

[ October

12, 1371.

much
I owe
myself to some two or three who were
I could not express in a written
breeders before me
Bat those of us who breed good birds do not produce
expecta very good
paper.
"
"
them on the
do not go to a show to
any price system. We
claim the first-prize
cock, whatever he is,and then buy the
HANDICAPPING
EXHIBITORS.
to
with
him.
mate
All three birds may be
first-prize
pullets
I WAS pleasedto see the remarks
of Mr. Kell on this subject,rightlyjudged,and be the very best of their sort, and yet
has of late been freelytalked of as
which I happen to know
will rather more
trash.
We look
likelythan not breed mere
well as written abont, and I was
pleased at his our birds over with lovingcare ; we observe them day after day,
especially
caution againstamateurs
breeds.
A
serve
attempting too many
our
gradually discoveringfaults even
eyes did not at firstobfurther reason
of these,and every individual peculiarity,
againstthis,which he does not state,is that one
; and every one
in
for
others
the
of
is
and
allowed
for
before
a measure,
a different
the partners for
breed,
spoils
carefullyweighed
eye
Often first conclusions are disso that even
carded
a judge will not arbitrate so
character,
correctly them are finallydecided on.
in certain classes,
strikes
the
ease
after justjudging other
hidden
or with so much
and
attention,
mands
desome
point
;
to them
with eye and
another mate than that originally
intended.
Hours and
classes,as he can do when he comes
mind
fresh and unbiassed. But I now
desire only to call atthis questionof mating, but it is time well
hours are spent on
tention
to the fundamental error
which lies at the root of all employed. And
that is how
real breeders win, or breed and
these discussions. I have done so before ; but convinced as I
which
win
That is how
sell birds
in other names.
anyone
that the very best interests of the fancy are involved,it can
take
the pains and time to do it.
am
his
share
who
will
win
may
I confess I would not, if I could, have this altered ; and I
hardlybe done too often as occasion arises.
The error, of course,
is the assumption that an equaldistribution
certainlyspeak with disinterested motives, for no one shows
of prizes is the object to be attained. This being more
rarelythan I do,though I often supply birds to those who
assumed, the analogy between handicapping a horse and doing do. I would not have winning " made easy." There is something
the same
exhibitor
is
for an
obvious ; it is done to give the
desirable in having a superioritywhich money
to me
inferiora " fairer chance " of winning, and if winning, only,be cannot buy ; and if I envy anybody, it is the feelingof the poor
the end in view, no doubt the arguments are sound.
But it is working man
who has beaten in fair and severe
competition
to this notion,I believe,every
vice and fraud in the fancy, the rich rival who has bought the best pen bis money
could procure.
without exception,owes
its oiigin. It leads to the disgraceful
I have often seen
this done, it is often done even
now,
has a rightto be proud who does it. It is hard
and the man
system of betting,to which Mr. Hewitt drew attention some
time ago, and which
is still going on ; it leads to the most
work I grant ; but it is justthe fact that it is hard work which
shameful and shameless borrowing of birds,and it leads above
makes
the satisfactionof it.
all to that system of fraud in plucking and other " preI V ould, however, always seek to avoid extremes,and there
paration,"
of us feel keenly are a disgrace
is one
sirable
which many
to us
point that the discussion has, I think,shown to be deall. If encouraged,such a notion always must and will lead to
that of having iu smaller shows
reallylocal classes,
these things.
Thefe
without the objections
would meet all desirable objects
But I confess I clingyet to the belief that shows
There
would
be no false pretences. The
blished,I have mentioned.
estaare
and that many
that
he had the best in
honourable amateurs
still breed and
would
if
he
beginner
simply learn,
won,
show their fowls for other objects,
and chiefly
tor these two :
his neighbourhood, and might thereby be encouraged to attempt
1, The real improvement of poultryin either beauty or value ;
having the best in the kingdom. Bat I spesk,and the
and 2, the greater diffusion of a love and taste for,and success
distinction is very important, of local classes,
not local ciqis.
I believe the judgesalso so regard it. I Local cups only, in general classes,
jections
in, poultry-keeping.
are
open to all the obcannot believe that Mr. Hewitt would care to devote the greater
deceive no one,
of handicapping ; but local classes can
of
his
time
shows
if
he
the
desired.
If
the
to
considered
his
will
all
and
part
judging
good
first-prize
only
accomplish
pea
awards
in the light of paying money
and decidingbets. He
in the local class,as occasionally
happens, reallybeats that
must believe that his work is of a higher character,
and that in
in the open class,
there are several easy ways of giving the due
real use to his generation. And if this
distinction.
doing it he is of some
be granted, it is impossibleto resist the conclusion
that the
be stopped,nor
is it to be wished
As to buying,it can never
named
be secured in no other way than that in any
There is,however, one comfort
that it should.
can
objects
great buyers
class
the
best
birds
win.
I could name
learn to breed.
at least three prominent
given
Suppose that by any system of never
the
I
have
Mr.
have
bred
bird
for themselves,
who
a
or
winners
never
named, or
good
handicapping, Judge
lately
Teebay, any
yet
finds himself compelled to
other acknowledged as an authority,
and while they buy in this reckless style never
will.
award the first prizeto a pen which
he knows is onlyfourth or
What
pleasurethere can be in it passes my comprehension ; it
is a beginner ! I will is mere
sixth in order of merit,because its owner
pride,not in the least real " poultry fancy." But,
not stay to inquirewhether
nevertheless,the high pricesthese people pay are one great
any judgesworth having would
consent
to act under
such restrictions
but suppose
he did, support of those who are fanciers,
and I do not see why anyone
what would be the results ? The firstwould be that,as no one
should complain. L. Weight.
could know exactlyhow much the winner owed to handicapping,
or if he owed
I WAS very glad to see that somebody was
anything at all,except from his own knowledge of
fightingagainst
lieve " handicapping," and I quiteagree with Mr. Eell,and second
fowls,every ignorantbreeder or visitor to the show would bethose birds to be bad which
were
and I also think with him with regard to the
reallythe only perfect his suggestions,
specimens, and be led to seek an entirelywrong standard for remedies and objectionshe throws out ; but I must confess
"
his own, by which the breed would rapidlybecome deteriorated.
walk off " with all the prizes
I
do
like
that
not
to see a man
That
this is no imaginarydanger is proved by the effects offered in one
I suggestthat
class,and this is often done.
which can always be observed by a keen eye to follow even one
exhibitors should only be allowed to show one
pen iu each
The second
class. I think this might be arranged to the advantage both
great error in judgingat any important show.
result would
I fancy that Mr. Kell and others
be, that the winner would be contented with his of exhibitors and committees.
inferior birds, and would
One Vaeiety.
will agree with me here,at least I hope so.
go on breeding them ; whilst,if a
real amateur, he would by the present system be spurred on
either to purchase,or, better still,
to breed superiorstock. And
GAME
BANTAMS"
BANTAMS.
WHEATEN
real fancier can ever be long satisfied without reallygood
as no
couraged.In " Our Letter Box," in your number
of September 28tb,
birds, he must as the truth dawns upon him become disAnd so in both ways evil is done.
I observe amongst answers
to correspondentsthat the Wheatea
I would
such system is needless.
Bantam
is not clearlydescribed.
Will you allow me to remark
say, further,that any
The greatbreeders who have been so complained of,win, not
and a
the
bird
describe
is a cross between a Wheaten
that
yon
because it is a matter of money
to them, for with several of PartridgeBantam
I have several of the pure Wheaten
?
breed,
them it is not ; not because theyhave command
of money,
for and also many
like your description.
some
of them are men
of small means
The Wheaten
hen should have a clear golden hackle,a light
; but simply because
they study their fowls. And I say deliberately,
that every one
wheat-coloured
breast,belly,and thigh,a clear buff body and
who will do this who keeps fowls because he loves them, and
marked
or
with the outer tail-coverts slightly
wing, black tail,
will care for them, and watch them, and learn to understand
hens have two shades
laced with buff. Many of the Wheaten
thena for himself,
each
attain success
and
what
shade
feather.
is
will
find
buff
the
the
can
of
in
lighter
edging
wings,
;
more,
"

Brahmas

know

that

may

to it.
Brahma

GAEDENEK.

How

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

fanoierg who will find

readily

real pleasurein and

helphim

The legs should be lightwiUow

or

and the
yellow,

eyes

dear

JOUBNAL

290

OF

AND

HORTICULTURE

years in this neighbourhood.There Tvas a fine and extensive entry of

Diicks ; and the entries for Tarheys and Geese, thonqh so much fewer
than

were
heretofore,

for Figeons were

varietiee.

leadingfeature in the Show.

well contested,
and

The

broughtforward

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

12, 1871*

Hedlbt, Glare-

"

sweepstaies
few very

rare

Blach-breasted Eed."l, P. A. Beck, Guilsfield,

"Welshpool. 2, H. M
Julian, Hnll.
he, P. O. Gill, Trewem,
Oswestry; Rev. P. G. Bentley, Felton
Worcester.
Brown-breasted
Red,"1, T.
Grange, Shrewsbury ; W. C. Phillips,
2, Rev. P. G. Bentley.
BnrgeSB, Enrlevdam, Whitcharch.
he,T. Bureess ; G.
F. Ward, Wrenbury,
Nantwich
Clay Pits. Halifax : E. Winwood,
; T. Dyson,
"Worcester; W- Adams, Ipswich, c, J. Chester. Nantwich.
Ducktoing G-reys
aiid Whites
Piles." 1, W. Dunnintr, Newport, Salop.
or
2, Barker
" Chamock,
he,J. Mitchell, Moseley, Birmmgham.
niingworth, Halifax,
DoHKTNGS.
2. A. Darby, Bridgnorth.
1, J. Martin, Claines, Worcester.
Miss
E.
Davies, Chester;
Williams, Henllvs, Berriew, Montgomeryshire.
he,
Cochin-China."
Broicn
or
Partridge."1 and 2. C. Sidgwick. Ryddlesden Hall.
Buff or White "1. Mrs. Allsopp. Worcester.
2, H. Yardley,BirminghatD. he,0.
SidfTwick; A. Darby; H. Tomlinson,
Birmingham.
Spanish."
" Glidden, Bristol1, Mrs. Allsopp. 2. Eoulton
and
he, Clewes
J.
F.
Atkins, Walsall;
Sillitoe,Wolverhampton
; J. Walker, Wolverhampton.
Pootea."
Brahma
Dnrfc." 1. R. B. Wood, Uttoxeter.
2 and c, Hon.
Miss
D.
Pennant, Penrhyn Castle, Bantror. Light.-l and c, T. A. Dean, Marden, Hereford.
2. J. Pares, Postford. Guildford,
he, R. E. Wood.
SiZi'er or Goldpencillrd. 1. Ashton
Hambuhghs."
" Booth, Broadbottora,
Mottram, Manchester.
hclV,
2, T. Bolton, Hanford, Stoke-on-Trent.
SpeakNantwich
man.
Silver or Gold-spangled.
; J. Piatt,Deane. Bolton, Lancashire.
" Booth,
"1, Mrs. Allsopp. 2, Ashton
he, C. Plimlev, Wolverhampton
; S. and
R. Ashton, Mottram, Manchester;
T. Bolton, Hanford. Stoke-on-Trent.
Creve-Cceur."
1. E. Pritehard, Wolverhampton.
2, J. K. Fowler, Ayleshnry.
)i^,J. J. Maiden, Biggleswade.
HouDANS."
2. Hill " Co.. EoundhLll, Brighton, he, E. Williams.
1, R. B. Wood.
Any other
VARiETy."
1. C. Sidg^vick (Black Hamburghsj. 2, Rev. A. Bmoke,
The
Rectory, Shrawardine
(Silverspangled Polande). c, H. Yardley (Black
Cochins).
Game
Bantams."
" Maitland, Red
1, C. Ashworth, Halifax.
Hill.
2, Ashlev
Worcester.
W. Griffiths.Nantwich; Ashley " Maitland; Bellingham and
ft,c,
Gill,Bamley ; A. H. Jubb, Halifax.
S- " R. Ashton
Bantams.-I,
(White Bantams). 2. T. Bolton,Hanford, Stokeon-Trent
(LightJapanese).
'SAa.-las."Cockerel"
1, J. S- Booth, Chesterfield.
2, Rev. A. G. Brooke.
TTTBK-E.YS.-Poults."'l,E. Shaw, Oswestry. 2. no competition.
GosLrNGS.1, S. H. Stott,Preston.
2, E. Shaw.
l"TscKijiii03." Aylesbury."I and
J.
K.
Fowler,
2.
he, S. H. Stott. Jtoucn."
1, Miss Davies, Chester,
2, S H. Stott. he, J. K. Fowler,
c, E. Shaw.

FARNWORTH

AGRICULTURAL
POULTRY

SOCIETY'S

SHOW.

The seventh annual Exhibition of this Society

held at Farnwas
near
Warrington,on the 5th inst.,and attracted a larger
attendance than any of the preceding
Shows of the Society,
while the
in excess
entries were
In poultrythe Oime
of former years.
class

worth,

usual,and

the

was

not

but

Hamhurglissurpassedanythingyet seen
was

The
"was

"

Rouen
a

rare

remark

to Cochins,
applies
at Famworth.
The competition
Bantanis^which was an excellentclass.
very closein Groraie
and AylesburyDucks were
and
really
interesting, there
of " Whistling" Duck which
attracted a good deal
species

numerous

so

"

EXTRA

October

any intention of competing. Matthew

mont, Redhill,Surrey.
have

Game."

SELLiNfJ

as

same

Qecse were
remarkable for size,weight,
and feather.
poultryshow, consideringthe latenessof the season, was

of notice.

the

deed,
Inone

of the best features of this year'sExhibition.

GkTs.^."Black-hreastcd Bed."
Chickens." 1, C. Chaloner, Whitwell.
2. J,
Red.
Chickens.
I, C. W.
Goodwin,
Liverpool. Brown-breasted
Brierley,
Any other Variety.~Ghiekens."l,R. HalsaU,
2. J. Wood, Wigan.
Colour."
Cock." 1, J. Wood.
Any
2, J. Goodwin.
2, C. Chaloner,
Chickens."
I,Miss Davies, Chester.
2, T. E. Kell, Wetherby.
C?iicfcens."1,C. W. Brierley, Middleton.
2, J. Walker, Standeford.
Cinnamon
1 and 2, A
or
Buff. Chicfcens.
Darby, Bridtjenorth,
or
Partridge-feather,
Any other Variety."Chickens." 1, C. Sidgwick,Keighley,
2, G. Gaskell, Southport.
B.AMBVRGus."
Golden-pencilled." Chickens" 1 and 2, H. Pickles,Jan.,Earby.
Golden-spangled."Chickens." l, T. Walker, jun., Denton.
2, J. Statter, New
Silver-pencilled."Chickens." \, H. Pickles, jun. 2, W. M. Mann,
Brighton.
Kendle.
Silver-spangled." I, H. Pickles,
jun. 2, Ashton " Booth, BroadbottomPoland
(Any variety). 1 and 2, P. Unsworth, Lowton.
C^icfce?w."
Brahma
Pootba."
1, Dr. Holmes, Chesterfield.
2, L. Mill, Liverpool.
"

Middleton.
Halewood.
D0B.KIHG."
Spanish."
Cochins.

STOCK.

Class."

"

"

"

"

"

Bantams.
Chickens. 1, G. Maples, jun.,Wavertree,
2, T. Sharpies,
Bank.
Gock."l, T. Sharpies. 2, G. Maples, jun.
Bantams
(Any breed)."C/iicfcen^."l,S. t"R. Ashton, Mottram.
2, M. Leno,
Dunstable.
Vaiuett."
Any
Distinct
Cftfcfcens.l,J.Kailton,
Manchester,
2,T. Walker,
Denton.
jun.,
C/ricfccHS."
Any
Colour
1, P. Unsworth, Lowton.
oe Bbeed."
2, J. Mansell,
Game
Forest

"

"

"

1,J. Crutchloe. Oswestry (Game). 2, H. Yardley, Birmingham

(Buff Cochins), c, E. Shaw
(Black Spanish) ; H. A. Dean
(Silver-spangled Longton.

Hamburghs).

.fioiten."1 and 2, A. Haslam,

Ducks.Hindley. Aylesbury."1,J. K. Fowler,
G"ME.."Blaclc-breasted."
Chickens."
Any other Variety."1, C. W. Brierley;
1, G. Cottle. WestfeUon.
2, Rev. P. GAylesbury.
2, E. Leech, Rochdale.
Bentley, Shrewsbury, he, P. A. Beck.
Middleton.
2. R. Gladstone,
jun., Court-Hey. Liverpool.
Any Colour." Pullets (Local)." 1, CGeesf.."
Wedge, Oswestry. 2. Rev, P. G. Bentlev.
2, S. H. Stott,Preston.
Jtc,Rev. P. G. Bentley ; G. Cottle1, E. Leech, Rochdale.
E. Shaw.
Amateurs'
c, J. Crutchloe;
Turkeys."
1 and 2, E. Leech.
Prize (Local)." Cocfe." l, P- O. GiIIj
Trewem, Oswestry. 2, J. Crutchloe.
Mr. Kichard
The
Teebay, Falwood, Preston ; and
Judges were
Dorkings
(Local)." 1 and 2, E. Shaw.
Mr. JosephHindson, Barton House, Everton.
Sweepstakes."
Pw7eon5."l, A. Hnlme, Bettisfield (White Tnrbits). 2, Rev.
Shrawardine
A.G.Brooke,
(Black Priests), he, T. Jones. Oswestry (Barbs).
A. Hulme
(Black Magpies); Rev. A. G. Brooke
(Crescents), c, E. Griffiths,
Knockin

Mr.

(Antwerps).
Edward Hewitt,of

LONG

Sparlibroot,
Birmingham, was

the

Judge.

SUTTON

SHOW.

POULTRY

in a field adjoining
the 4tli and 5th inst.,
the
and the poultry
exhibited in comfortable woodenwere
railwaystation,
sbeds.
Exhibition interfered to some
extent
Althoughthe Farnworth
TONBRIDGE
WELLS
POULTRY
SHOW.
these were
excellent in all the sections.
of entries,
with the number
of the birds
This
Show was
held on the 6th inst.,and was
Dorhingswere good in both classes,althoughsome
as
perfectas any
in moult.
In Cochin coclisthe first was a good chicken,but the
were
small show could be. The Spanish headed the list ; the first-prize
ties
well resecond rather too largein tail. The cup for cocts of the largevariepresented.
were
pullets
very good. Dorhinrfs,Grey and Cuckoo, were
The cup for hena went to
In Brahnias.,
of the most
Mr. Dring was
was
won
first with one
by the Cochin above-named.
shown
cockerels ever seen, and in fine condition as regardsplumage,
a nice pairof Buff pullets
by the same exhibitor. Of BrcJima
splendid
birds of this year, and the second
old birdsif he
cut out for him
hens, the firstwere
carriage,aad colour ; a prosperous career
seems
failure as regardsnumbers, as were
the Goldena
remain
he is. The
as
Hamburghs were
good though few ; in the Spanishwere
The French
exhibitor swept the board.
one
spangledHamburghs,but the qualitywas all that could be desired.
Golden-pencilled
variety
Fowls
were
a
good class,pen 64 looked very promising. In the In the rest of the Hamburgh classes Mr. Beldon won all the firsS
and several of the second,also the cup for the best pen witb
Variety Class the first prizewent to White Cochins. Ducks, Turheys, prizes
of rare excellence. In
which pen contained a pullet
all good, and there was
and Geese were
a lovely
pen of Turbit Pigeons^ Golden -pencilled,
went to Creve-Cceurs, such as left nothingto
French
fowls both prizes
Mr. Hedleyjudged.
which were
highlycommended.
Red
Red
Brown
chickens
the first and
won
Qamc
fowl
be
In
desired.
Cfe
J.
Hilden
Spanish."
J cfeerw.-],
H. Brown,
Francis,
Putney Heath.
2,
and in the next class Mr. Matthew
"boroueh, Tonbridee.
he, E. J. W. Stratford, Addington Park, Maidstone.
cup, and Black Red the second ;
WestDoB.KitiG."C
hickens.-l. G. W. Greenhill, Ashford.
2, R. Cheesman.
showed an excellent pair of Duckwings, the only fault being the
well- Ashford.
9. A. Arnold, Lamberborst.
he,E. J. W. Stratford ; E. Williams,
mustered
well,the cup
of tail in the cock bird. Bantams
coarseness
Henilys, c, G. Field, Ashnrst: A. Arnold.
in this pen
Brahma."
W. Drintr,Faversham
C/ticfceJts."l,
(Dark). 2, E. J. W. Stratford.
for Game
beingwon by excellent Black Reds, the pallet
Street. Dunstable
he, M. Leno, Markyate
(Light); Rev. J. G. B. Knight,
there were
Brown
colour.
Of
Reds
to
true
good
many
being very
Wrotham
(Dark), c, H. Mitchell. Sydenhtira.
Piles stood first
birds,but no goodpairs. In the Varietyclass capital
HATHBtTRGHa.
Gold*"n^spangled. Chickens.
1, W.
Taylor, Maidstone.
Black
colour
the
first-named
Goldenrpen^illed.-Chickcns "1, he, and e, R. S. S. Woodgate, Pembury, Tonsecond.
and
In
White,
and Duckwings
bridge Wells.
1, B. Shelley, Maresfield Park,
Silver-pencilled.Chickens.
carried off the laurels. The class was
nnnsuallygood,the first-priza
TJckfield. Silver-spangled."
Ghickens."l, A. J. B. Beresford
Hope, M.P., Eedgethe secondand cup pen winning by earlobe and condition onlyover
bury.
Game
Duckwing."
Cft.^cfcer^'!."
c. J. Jeken, Eltham.
Any
1. W. Foster, Deal.
prizepen, the cock in which carried the best colour we have yet seen
oilier Variety."I. J. Jeken.
he,W. Forster ; T. G. Ledger, Folkestone.
the Variety class Silver-laced of the most
In
perfect
produced.
French.
CftzcfceTW. I, J. .T. Maiden.
Bigglcswado (Creve-Cceur). 2, E.
were
first,
Williams
lacingand clear tails,
(Creve-Coeurs). he, W. Dring (Houdans and Creve-Cceurs).
groundcolour,combined with perfect
Any
other
Variety.R. S. S. Woodgate
C)ifcfcc?is."1,
(White Cochins).
The cup would, undoubtedly,
have gone to
and Golden-laced second.
2, E. J. N. Hawker, Wvcliffe. Tonbridge Wells (Silkies),
he,R. S. S. Woodgate
this pen, only the pullet seemed somewhat out of sorts. In the class
(White Cochins); J. WUde. Uckfield.
the cup, and
of poultrySilver Polands
for Any other variety
won
Bantams."
1 and
(Silver-laced). 2, S. Samways,
he, M. Leno. Dunstable
Southampton
(Black), c, F. G. Phillips,Hastings.
second.
In Ornamental
birds a cage of foreign
birds
Sultans were
Any
Breed."
Hope. M.P. (White Malay). 2, W. Dring
1, A. J. B. Bereslord
with Golden Pheasants second.
stood first,
E, J. N. Hawker.
Creve-Coeors). he, R, S. S. Woodgate
(Silkies);
Birds
to
M.P.
a
Turkeys."
was
Hope,
The cup for Turkeysor Aquatic
given
largeand
1, Earl of Abergavenny.
2, A. J. B. Beresford
Geese."
he, G.
Hope, M.P.
1, Mrs. Lee, Penshurst.
2, A. J. B. Beresford
Carolinas wereDucks
; and in other varieties,
perfect
pen of Aylesbury
Pack, Tudelev
; Earl of Abergavenny.
; S. Green, Edenbridge
first and Black East Indian second.
Rouen."
2. Mrs. Lee.
G. W. Greenhill, Ashford.
T"xjCK3."Ayl"sbury."l,
Down.
Any other
in the first of which the
1. W. Jacobs, Shepherds well. 2 and he. A. Patchett, Hadlow
There were
two Sellingclasses for poultry,
Breed."
1, Mrs. Lee.
he, G. S. Sainsbury, Devizes.
2, M. Leno.
prizeswere awarded to Rouen Ducks, Spanish,and Dark Brahmas
"

Pigeons

(Best collection of not

2, G. Ware, Frant.

on

"

less than
three
kinds).
!, H. Yardley,
he, G. Ware ; 0. E. Cresswell,Bagshot
"

the cup goingto

respectively,

the former

pen

; and

in the second

ing
Sell-

Crcve-Ccenrs,the second Black Bantams, and

the third Golden-pencilled
Hamburghs.
I shall be greatly
awarded to a young Sooty Fawn Lop buck,
In Rabbits the cup was
class the first were

Cups

at

the

Crystal

Palace

Show.

"

statingthat for the pieoes of plateoffered by

at the Crystal
Palace Pigeon Show, neither my sisternor I

obliged
by
me

held

"

Birmingham.
(Turbits).
Barb

was

"

"

"

"

This

your

in all points,
and the second in that class to
which was about perfect
of the firstbeing
of the ears
and White, the measurements
a Fawn

JOURNAL

12, 1871. )

October

OF

AND

HORTICULTURE

COTTAGE

291

GARDENER.

other
Ant
Vabtett."
(Sultans), he, G.
2,W. H. Tomlinaon
Cup, H. Beldon.
by 4J, and of the second 20J and 4^ inches. In does,the Sidgwick
(BlackHamburghs) ; W. K. Patrick, West Winch, Lynn (Polands)(2);
handsome
Grey,with ears 23 by 4i inches,and the second T. Waddington (Polande) (2).
For
J
breeed
of
Ornamental
J.
K.
an
cellent
exBirds."
Fowler. Jie,. K. Fowler ; G.
backs,
2,
1, S. S. Mossop.
Any other pure
(22by 4J)was a Fawn.
Clarke (2).
was
firstand an older Rabbit second,and
young Silver-Grey
Overton,
ToRK'f.Ys "1, G. R. Pearson.
2, Mrs. E. Harris, he,M. Kew, Market
doe
in colour.
well silvered and uniform
The first-prize
both were
c, T. M. Derry. Gedney.
was
a perfect
Himalayan,and the second an equally
good Silver-Grey, Ddcks.- iioKcn.- 1,W. H. Robson, North Eeston, Louth. 2 and c, J. K. Fowler,
Fowler,
J.
K.
he, W.
H.
and
Robson
he, W.
2,
; S. S. Mossop.
Aylesbury"Cup
buct. In
which provedto be from the same
yard as the first-prize
Stonehouse.
Any other Variety."l, W. Binns (Carolina). 2, S. Burn, Whitby
16 lbs. 13ozs.,and the
the class for the heaviest Rabbit the firstwas
(Black East Indian), he, J. Drmg; J. K. Fowler; H. B. Smith (Carolma).
Geese.1 and 2, J. K. Fowler,
c, T. M. Derry.
second 15 lbs.2 oza. in weight.
" Boulter, Sheffteld
Selling
Classes
2, Burch
(No. 1)."Cup, S. S. Mossop.
and Rabbits,were
of the pens, both of poultry
some
Unfortunately,
he. E. Redman
(Spanish).3, W. H. Bell,Westfield, Burnley (Dark Brahma),
the
doubt
in consequence of
too late,and others were
empty, no
lation
refHalifax
Northowram.
(Black Red Game); J. K. Fowler.
(No 2)."1, Mrs. J.
the
Cross, Appleby Vicarage, Brigg (French). 2, G. Clarke (Black Bantam). 8, A.
on
must be in the Show ground by noon
that the specimens
Cole,
he,J. K. Fowler ; ,G. Morling, Lynn (Duckwing Bantams),
Tuesday,which rule,we understand,is to be altered next year.
PIGEONS.
and for the time
The Pigeonsection was an excellent show of itself,
Blacfc." Cocfc."1 and he (2),R. Fulton, Deptford.
Carriers."
2, E. Horner,
in good feather.
Carriers were
a nice display,
of year the birds were
Hen."
Cup, R. Fulton,
Harewood.
c, T. Waddingten. Feniscowles, Blackburn.
2 and
of some
of the adult birds being a greattreat to
Any other colour." Coek."l, H.
and quality
c, T. Waddington.
he, E. Homer,
"the style
Sen.
carried Yardley, Birmingham. 2, R. Fulton (Dun), he, R. Fulton; E.Horner.
the true fancier of this variety. The cup for this section was
Iand2, R. Fulton (Dun). Any variety, bred in 1871." I and 2, E, Hwner.
also very good,the
Black hen.
"offby a capital
Young Carriers were
(Dun
and
Black); R.
he, A. Cole, T ong Sutton (2); J. G. Dunn, Newcastle
E.
Horner.
noticed
also
Blue
of
;
most
Fulton
W.
Beverley
(Dun)
a
cock
Campey,
(Black and Blue) ;
being Blacks,and we
prizewinners
c, J. W. GoUinson, Halifax ;
2, C. F. Copeman.
1,H. Yardley.
In Antwerps the firstwere
good Blue Chequers, H. Antwerps."
promisingqualities.
Yardley.
first and White
and the second Duns ; and in Pouter cocks Blue was
(2). Hen." 1,E.
Pouters."
Cocfc." 1, 2, and c, R. Fulton,
he, E. Homer
(2); G. Sturgess (2).
In Almond
Homer.
(2); E. Homer
2. R. Fulton,
c, R. Fulton
second,and in hens Yellow was first and Blue second.
Street,London.
2, E. Horner,
^Imontf.- Cup, J. Ford. Monkwell
Tumblers.the contest was
Tumblers
very keen, and the cup for Shortfaces
ftc,J. Ford; R.Fulton
(2). c, T. Waddington. Any other Colour." 1,J. Ford.
firstand
awarded to them ; in the next class Black Mottles were
was
2, W. Woodhouse.
he,R. Fulton.
1 and
he, E. G. Sanders; E. Homer.
2, E. Homer,
Blue Beards second. In Jacobins the firstwere
Reds, which placed jAcoBiNa"
1 and 2, J. Walker, Newark,
he. J. F. Loversidge ; W. H.TomhnFantails."all others a long way in the background,but we preferred
Mr. Fulton's
E. Homer.
son.
c, R.Fulton;
The
the
did
show
not
Yellows.
Fantails
Beds to
well,
second-prize
he,R. Fulton (2).
Owls."
2, P. H. Jones, Fulham.
1, T. Waddington.
he, R. Fulton ; E. Homer,
ToRBiTS."
Turbits
1, G. Roper, Croydon. 2, R. Fulton,
perhapsowingto the coldness of the weather. The first-prize
G. H.
Taunton.
were
Blacks,and the second Silvers; the class was of moderate quality.c, Baebs,"Gregory,
he, E.
2, R. Fulton,
Hedley, Claremont, Redhill.
Cup, Miss
for adult and the other for
There
G. H. Gregory ; Miss
two classes for Barbs, one
were
/ic,
Homer
(2). Yoiinj;."!,Miss Hedley. 2,P. H.Jones,
Hedley
and the
birds of 1871. Mias Hedley carried off both the first prizes
2, T. Waddington. he,F. Graham ;
Dragoons.1,F. Graham, Birkenhead.
which are doubtless at the summit
"up for the section with the old pair,
E. Homer,
c, A. W. Wren, Lowestoft.
of the fancy. The first prize for Dragoons went to Yellows and
1 and
he, T. C. Benson
Variety."
2, P. H. Jones,
Distinct
Ant
OTHER
H.
Gregory (Magpies);E. Horner; T. Waddington (Pigmy
class
(Damascenes): G.
the second to Blues,both pairsbeing old birds. In the

224

inches

first was

"

"

"

"

was

this

season

; second
pointcup for

came

Black
perfect
Blue Runts.

Trumpetersthat

we

have

seen

The
poultrywas won
by Mr. Beldon, that for Pigeons
by Mr. Fulton,that for the local classes by Mr. Clarke.

[From a Correspondent.)
of the Long Sutton Show is looked to by
The Pigeon department
of their
as giving
a foreshadowing
many exhibitors with greatinterest,
in
the
of
Palace
at the Crystal
great tournaments
prospects success
close on Monday next),
and Birmingentriesfor which, by-the-by,
'\the
ham
At Long Sutton, as in previous
Shows.
seasons, if I mistake

,.

"

Variety

pair of che most

"

"

"

-n.

R. Fulton.
2, R. G. Sanders
Class."
Selling
1, S. Warrell, Spalding (Dun Gamers).
/ic,S. Warrell (Black Barbs), c, H. N. Harvey,
(Red Jacobin), vhc. E. Somer.

Pouters),

c,

"

"

Spalding (Yellow Turbits).

he.
Bitcfc.- Cup, J. G. Quick. 2, Robinson " Lewin.
Rabbits.Lop-crtrefZ.Thome
; W. H. Tomlmson.
C. Lea, Nottingham
; J. G. Quick : H. Cawood,
" Lewm.
tie,
vhe, Robinson
Doc"
1.J. Bacon. Nottingham. 2, H. Cawood.
Any
c, A. H. Easten, Hull.
J. F. Farrow
; J. Irving, Blackbum.
J.Bacon;
Hudson
other Breed." Buck."
I, J. R. Jessop, Hull (SUver-Grey). 2, S. G.
(Hinaalayan).
(Silver-Grey). he, A. Easten (\ngora). Doe."\. W. H. Tomlingon
W.
H
eaviest."
1,
Hudson
G.
S.
(Silver-Grey).
he,
2, J. R. Jessop (Silver-Grey).
he, J. Bacon; T.
Arkwright, Sutton Scarsdale. 2, W. Jibb. Long Sution.
Market.
Mumby.
Long Sutton ; A. Langley, Downhara
i,"
/^
,"
Cochin
Loom.
Prizes.-I, G. Clarke (Dorking cock). 2, T. M. Derry (Buff
1, S. S. Mossop (Silver-spanel edHamburghs).
cock). 3,A. Cole (Cochin pullets).
1 and
3, G. Clarke (Black
2 and
3, A. Cole (GoldpencilledHamburghs).
E.
Harris
Mrs.
(Turkeys),
1,
(Black Bantams).
Bantams).
2, S. S. Mossop
2. and
2, S. S. Mossop (Rouen Ducks). 3, T. M. Derry (Cambridge Turkeys). 1,
3, A. Cole (Black Carriers).

birds that will come

not I have tthis year seen
to the front at
many
I must refer your readers to the prizelistfor the
the above Shows.
of the successful exhibitors,
who sent, judgingfrom the general
names
of their lofts; and those exhibitors
qnalityof the birds,onlythe cream
beaten were
not disgraced. The
who were
Carrries were
classes from 1 to 18 were
judgedhy Mr. Teebay, and
The poultry
young
very
by
old
in
that
ones
not
; the Pigeons
those from 19 to 30, also the BahUts, by Mr. Hutton
good; the
plumage which I could wish. A hen
In Pouters Messrs. Horner
took the cup.
and
of excellent quality
and Massey.
Messrs. Esquilant
In Almonds and Tumblers of any other
iFulton divided the honours.
the cup went to the former,and the first honours in the latter
variety
HIVES.
BAR-AND-FRAME
The
HINGES
TO
to Black Mottles.
Tariety
remainingcup for the best pair of
either Jacobins,Fantails,Owls, Turbits, Dragoons,Barbs, or any
able to oornor
seller,
As I am neither a bee-hive maker, nor
went
to Miss Hedleyfor a pair that well deserved
other distinct variety,
trol the " protean forma o! the bar-and-frame hive,I cannot
the Judges' choice,she also winningthe first prizefor the best
hive
of Mr.
bar-and-frame
the Major Munn's
answer
for even
pairbred in 1871.
Pettitt. Thus much, however, I can state" I have used no other
A word of praise
is due to the management of this Society
for the
barhives from 1838 except my square hive and the triangular
taken of the birds whilst in their possession,
"care
though,I presume,
in Paris in 1843, because I was
I
of
which
account of the
"

difficultygettingto Long

on

take time

by the

forelock

have their pets returned

"

Sutton

exhibitors must

year, otherwise they will,as

too late for competition."

next

this year,

Cocfc." 1, J. "White,Warlaby, Northallerton.

2, G. Clarke, Long
or
Pullets.~-1,E. W. Soathwood, Fakenham.
2, W. H. Robson,
North Reston, Louth,
he,G. Clarke.
Cochin-China."
Cocfc.
Cup, Lady Gwydyr, Stoke Park, Ipsmch.
2, E.
Dawson, Beverley, he. C. Sidgwick,Ryddlesden Hall, Keighiey ; T. M. Derry ;
J. Bloodworth, Cheltenham.
SeTis or Pullets." Cup, Lady Gwydyr.
2, Henry
Market,
Lingwood, Barking,Needham
he,C. Sidgwick ; F. Wilton, Gloucester ;
A. Darby, Bridgenorth.
Brahma."
Cocfc" ],H. Beldon, Goitstock, Bingley. 2, Lady Gwydyr.
he, 3.
K. Fowler. Aylesbury.
Hens or PuUets.~l,Lady Gwvdyr.
2, T. F. Ansdell, St.
Helen's,
he, W. Mansfield,Cambridge ; E. F. Maples, Spalding, c. Rev. N. J.
Kidley,Newbury.
SPANiSH.-Cocfc.-l, H. Brown, Putney Heath.
2. H. Beldon.
Hens or Pullets.
"1, W. Woodhouse, Lynn.
2, H. Brown,
he, J. K. Fowler.
DoEKiNGS."
Hens
Sutton.

"

patented

and-frame

its having been made,

so in England, from
form or other.
used, and exhibited from the year 1834 in some
within a hive," each
hive
of a
On the well-known principle
in each frame, and they either draw
is fixed separately
comb
out or liftout, for dailyexamination, from a strongly-made

precludeddoing

"

outer box.
bar frames, lifting
In 1851 1 exhibited the so-calledtriangular
frame, to enable timid persons and
into a quadrant glass-sided
or replace
and
remove
to
each
examine
ladies to
separatecomb,
flacll fyfllYlfl

In 1859
presentedto the Secretary of the ApiarianSociety
a cheap bar-and-frame
hive,made with a wooden top bar and
H. Beldon.
WAMBXJRGB.a."Gold'Spanoled."l,
Silverspangled.~\,H. Beldon.
Lowestoft,
S.
S.
he,
G.
Bly,
Mossop ;
Speedy,Whiiby. Gold-pencilled. zinc slides and sides,with a pin through,to slide each frame
and 2, H. Beldon.
"Cup
he, A. Cole, Long Sutton.
Silver-pencilled."1 and
sary,
neceswet comb, or examine each hourly if
2, H. Beldon.
he,N. H. Scott, Snnderland.
upon, to remove
French
Fowls
{Any variety)."1, Mrs. J. Cross (Creve-Coeur).
2,J. K. Fowler.
as
has been alreadystated.
he, G. W. Hibbert, Godley, Manchester
(Houdan); "W. Dring, Faversham
hive in use,
A. Brooke.
By-the-by,I am reminded that I have the fellow
; Rev.
'(Creve-Crour)
ally
BlacJc-breasted
other Eeds."Cnv, E. Aykrovd, Eccleshill. 2, H. E.
or
Gams."
one
iota,exceptit has actunot altered by Mr. Pettitt or by me
Martin,
J. Preston, Alierton,
he, S. Mattbew,
Stowmarket;
Bradford.
Any
bar
frames,
these
of
the
top
of bees working on
a swarm
other Variety."!, S. Matthew
(Duckwing).
and whiohl
BZacfc-6 re as fed Reds."Cuv, Eellinghara " Gill, Burnley.
Game
Bantams."
for this winter and spring,
will remain
which
"2,W. F. Entwisle. Westfield, Cleckheaton.
he, J. Oldfield, Shibden, Halifax;
But who will introduce this
believe Mr. Pettitt has not seen.
" Gill ; W. Adams,
W. F. Entwisle
St. Clements. Ipswich,
; Bellingham
c, G.
ing
formDaft, jun., Halloughton, Southwell, Notts (2); T. C. " E. Newbitt, Epworth.
principleof the bar and frames, suspendedwithin a box,
Brown-hremted
Beds."\, J. Oldfield. 2, T. Barker, Hill End, Burnley, he,G.
in itself without the bee-houses,bee"2.J. B.

"

Hall. Kendal.
Any otlier Variety."l, W. F. Entwisle
(Pile). 2, T. C. " E.
Newbitt.
he, W. F. Entwisle
(Duckwing) ; T. C. " E. Newbitt.
Bantams."
"iacfc or White." Cup, G. Clarke.
2, S. S. Mossop, Long Sutton.
Tic,J. Walker. Newark
; G. Clarke ; S. " R. Ashton
(2). Any other
; R. Fulton
Variety."l,Mrs. J. M. Procter, Hull. 2, F. Wilton, Gloucester (Gold Sebright)
he. J. R. Jessop,
Hull (Sebrisjhts)
Beldon
: H.
(Pekin) ; T. J. Miller, Fakenham
(White Booted); T. Waddington, Feniscowles,Blackburn.

a complete apiary
sheds, or bee-box covers

now

used with the modern

hives"

be admitted the Americans

It must
stillto be seen.
with whichto have the best chance,seeing the energy
seem
they contend even for the shape oi a hive, and the proteaa

[remains

JOURNAL

292

OP

AND

HORTICULTUBE

12, 1871.

[ October

GABDENEE.

COTTAGE

in any advertising house, coupled with a sufficient grass run, are all that is required for
principlemay be seen
same
All who keep poultry should follow nature
possible,
as closelyas
Mr. H. A. King will be able poultry.
I hope, therefore,
paper.
their stock as Pheasants
and Partridges feed, and ns tbe hena of
and rear
bee-keepers,to these birds rear their broods. This is the most natural,most economical,
to establish his right, and for all American
successful
and most
plan.
call the same
the moveable
comb hives,as the Americans
make
Young
One
Producing
a Single
Doe
bably
{A Beadcr).~Yowr doe is proprinciplesas the bar-and-frame, in any form, shape,or size they
too fat, or if she is old she may
only produce one or two young ones
Munn.
Augustus
elect.
the
W.
At times, if frightened,aa by say a mouse
at a litter.
running across
may
of
have destroyed some
hutch, or any other disturbing cause, she may
should
of
does
habit
She
are
in
the
always
them.
This
some
doing.
MICE.
BEES
AND
with plenty of hay for her
have a clean hutch a few days before littering,
the other day of a lady who had a fine box of honey nest, and a little water or milk and water; for during the time of littering
I HEABD
intense
thirst is experienced, and to appease it,if no fluid is provided,
and the
it
mice

forms

of the

American

"

devoured

(so

by

qnestion was

stated),

was

put

the

doe

resorts

to cannabalism

in some

instances.

hives so
such attacks could be .prevented. The
Pigeons
Tick Beans
for
(H. S. 8.)."Any dealer in bird seeds could
plunderedwere of straw. Never having had experienceeither supply you.
their
familiar with_
course
are
{J.F.).~~Ol
Preserving
you
Quinces
of this trouble or of any remedy, I could only suggestwhat I
use
along with Apples in pies and tarts. They may also be made into a
thought would be likelyto answer
; but it any of your readers
marmalade,
jelly,compote, or syrup, and are used in various other ways.
and know of a remedy, they We give two modes
have suffered in the same
of preparation. To make
quince marmalade, gather"
manner,
the fruit when fullyripe,and of a fine yellow ; pare, quarter, and core it ;
will doubtless do a service to others who may be in the same
with a littlewater, and set them on the
the quinces into a saucepan
put
vanised
predicament. I advised the nailing of piecesof zinc or galfire until they are quite soft ; then take them
out, and lay them on a sieve
the legsof the bee-house,or pedestalon
iron around
to drain ; rub them
through, and weigh the pulp; boil an equal quantity
stir them
and
together over
add
the
of
when
the
to
then
pulp,
that
casse,
2?etitc
which the hives were
sugar
placed,in such a manner
ia
like a jelly. The marmalade
the fire until it will fall from the spoon
mice
crept up they might find a check in the overhanging then fit to be put into pots, and when cold cover them closely. To make
in the same
rats are
as
prevented from
metal, much
way
compote, take six quinces, cut them in halves, and core them ; scald and
bees in hives of wood are
clear syrap into a preserving-pan, with the
neatly. Put some
pare them
gettinginto corn-ricks. Of course
jnice of a lemon ; when hot add the quinces, and give them a boil together ;
exempt from this injury. B. " W.
drain the fruit,arrange it in the compotier, leave the syrup to thicken a
and pour it over
the quinces.
little,
become
Slowly
Butter
Produced
[A Subscriber). ^Let the cream
Oenithological
This must be
Society's Show.
HiJUPSHiEB
mor"
before putting it into the churn, and the butter will form
sour
in
for the
are
to

me

how

"

"

"

liberal,
and,
prizes
room.
readily. Churn in a warmer
addition,there are eleven cups, varying in value from ten to
South-Western
three guineas. The
Railway will reconvey
METEOROLOGICAL
OBSERVATIONS.
We are pleasedto see that it
without charge all unsold pens.
Camden
Squarb, London.
is proposed to present a testimonial
to the Secretary,Mr.
Lat. "V 32' 40" N. ; Long. 0" 8' 0" W. ; Altitude 111 feet.
His courtesyand indefatigable
exertions for
PhilipWarren.
the Societyentitle him to this.
well supported by exhibitors,

OUR

LETTER

BOX.

cannot insert any

Palace
Poultry
Show
Crtstal
(J. Elgar). We
The reply to your letter by the Secretaries we concommunications.
more
and your
eider satisfactory,
rejoinder only weakens
your firststatement.
Poultry
Mr. A. H.Easten, 19, Wellington Terrace,
Show."
MiDDLETON
of the firstprize
Beverley Road, Hull, informs us that he was the winner
at Middleton for Lop-eared Rabbits, and not Mr. J. Holt.
Feeding
Poultry
{J.J3.). We agree with hardly any of your advisers.
Fowls do not like oats.
They will only eiit them when driven to do so by
hanger, and oata can only be profitablygiven when they are ground. We
to give barleymeal or ground oats slaked with water in the
advise you
whole corn
at midday, and meal again in the evening.
morning, some
The feed at midday may be varied,if you have table or kitchen scraps to
Bubstitute for the whole com.
Cockerel
(J. Clack)," H is not a common
Dorking
thing for fowls to
REMARKS.
be troubled as your Dorking cock is. If it should continue, you mT:8t shut
4th." Beautiful morning and fine day.
the bird up for a night to insure his being in a fasting state,and give
5th. Very fine till2.45,then a very heavy shower, and lighterrain after.
The weights of your birds are very
him two tableepooneful of port wine.
6th, Cloudy morning, shower about noon, then fine.
We are disposed to think your
satisfactory,and far" above the average.
7th. Very frequent showers, and very dull the whole day.
feeding better calculated to produce weight than to make strength. With
8th." Fine all day, particularlybright in the middle, but misty in the
the
food
the advantages of perfect liberty,and unlimited grass run,
given
evening.
should be of the highest quality. Potatoes are very bad for poultry,they
of th"
9th." Autumn
fog in the morning, but very fine in the afterpart
make
fat but not fiesh. Two meals per diem
induce liver disease, and
day.
or
should be slaked oatmeal
barleymeal ; the midday repast barley,maizQ,
loth." Fog in morning, fine day but rather cold,fine starlightnight.
in the plumage of the cock is not of
or
scraps. The colour you mention
week ; the decline of temperature steadilycontinues,
A fine autumnal
the slightestimportance in general competition.
and there have been two slightfrosts on grass." G. J. Symons.
Run
Poultry
is quitelarge enough, and
(J.E.)." The run you mention
doubt you will find the partition sufficient if you make the
have no
we
Fowls will not then attempt to flyover.
wire incline inwards.
MARKET."
October
11.
GARDEN
COVENT
believe
the
Chickens
Over-stimulated
{B. T. JB.)."We
you made
mistake in giving bread and ale only. It is a medicine, and should be
is being done.
of business for the season
A FAIB
amount
of chickens, and never
give
given accordingly. We rear many hundreds
them any drink in winter but ale. The hen should be confined under the
in and out between
a.
the
s. a.
8. d.
B. d.
rip,but the chickens should be allowed to run
0
0
^100 20 OtoC
Oranges
i sieve 2 0to4
bars as they like after sunrise.
Apples
Stimulating food is the safeguard from
Peaches
3 0
doz.
6 0 1*2 0
doz.
1
Figs
be given with
other things of a
Illness in bad weather, but it must
lb. 0
1
doz.
2 0
0 0
Pears, kitchen
FUberta
and supplies an
nAurishing nature. It merely gives the system a fillip,
1
lb.
dessert
doz.
0
0
3
0
4
Cobs
ephemeral strength to the patient while the disorder is treated.
lb. S 0
lb. 1
6
GO
PtnoApples
Grapes, Hothouse....
Geese
Chinese
(^. FT,)."The Geese you praise would not he profitable,Lemons
Plums
la
"^100 8
i sieve
6
a
as in such cases
doz.
they have to encounter
market, and would not find a
each
3
Quinces
Melons
lb.
0
0
bmshel
"Walnuts
10
Mulberries
ready sale ; nor do we believe they would sell at all,tillall the common
ditto
doz.
^100
1
5
Nectarines
breeds had found purchasers.
We know
they are hardy, having bred
and reared
We
them in mid-winter.
We
them ourselves.
have hatched
VEGETABLES.
understand
to
but
did not wish you to
we
thought they were
given
you,
s. d.
said the praise of those to whom
we
you gave them was not a fair criterion
doz.
Leeks
bnnoh
0 4 too
0 8 too
S
Artichokes
"
of value.
1
0
0
Lettuce
doz.
^100. 0 0
Asparagus
Gkebe
Geese.
Mandarin
(T. A. B.). We have never heard of Mandarin
8
0 0
Mushrooms
pottle 1
Beans, Kidney....* sieve
There is a White Chinese Goose that answers
the description you give.
" Cress, .punnet
0
bushel
Broad
0 0
0
Mustard
0
i
3
doz.
Onions
2 0
misled
It is too much
the fashion to give imaginary names, and many
Beet.Red
are
per doz. bunches
0
0
bundle
Broccoli
6
quart 0
pickling
by the practice.
1
Bieve
8
Brasaels
Parsley
Sprouts..J sieve i 0
Dubbing
Game
Cocks
for dubbing a
{A. H",)."The best instrument
1
0
doz.
doz.
1 0
Parsnips
Cabbage
Game
cock is a pair of scissors. Those we employ are very like those used
0
1
Peas
0
^noO
6
qnnrt
Capeicuma
for clippinghorses.
There
is a certain risk in dubbing a bird two years
8
1
0
Potatoes
bushel
bunch
C
CarrofB
but
is
and
wound
it very small. If the operation is well performed
the
s
do.
old,
8
5
0
doz.
Kidney
Cauliflower
0
1
heals kindly it will not interfere with his chance of success.
1
It has even
bundle
6
Radishes., doz. buncbea
Celery.
0
0
bundle
2
Rhubarb
one
doz. bunches
0
ColewortB..
advantage the comb will not grow after the operation. In dubbing
0
doz.
0
each
0
6
Cucumbers
Savoys
we
always cut from back to front,keeping as close to the skull as may be
basket
0
0
2
Sca-kale
doz.
0
pickling
without laying it bare. You speak of the comb, bat gills and deaf-ear
"

"

"

"

"

"

"

must

be cut equally clean.

Poultry
Management
(D^uon)." The experience of half a century has
convinced us that good corn, either whole
or
ground, and slaked with
milk or water as may
be most convenient, and the scraps and waste of a

Endive
Fennel
Garlic

Herbs
Horseradish

doz.

Shallots

bunch

Spinach

lb.
bunch

Tomatoes

bundle

Turnips
Vegetable Marrows

lb.
bushel
doz.
bunch
doz.
.

0
3
2
0

October

joubnaij

19, 1871.]

op

and

horticultuee

cottage

293

gaedeneb.

u^. The seedlings

I am
sorry to say, only three came
another so double that
was
one
single,
have all bloomed"
and the
were
good enough to allow me to say a I do not think it will open when it is propagated,
; OU
few words about the best Hybrid Perpetualthird was about as full as the parent. If we could get this
to
Koaes a week or two ago, will you now
give colour on Marechal Niel, it would be a grand addition
the the Teas ; and why should we not ?
me
space for a word or two respecting
for
it
next in the Ust,
Teas and Noisettes ? Possibly
I may be able
I think Devoniensis should come
to givemy amateur
friends " a wrinkle
large,a good grower, constant,and
is good in every way
or
two.
exceedinglybeautiful in its delicate shadingsof yellow,
Moreover
(althoughthe very
I suppose there can
be no two opinionswhite, and pinky white.
time since said,
critic some
as a
about the beauty and value of Tea Eoses
I
thickness of its petals,"
I
include Noisettes in the Teas. but I doubt
forbids the idea of its being raised in England),it is,
an
whether
EnglishRose, and, like John
believe,unquestionably
they are as extensively
grown as they might and
hold its own
can
oughtto be. Wlien I first began Rose-growingI had an Hopper among the Hybrid Perpetuals,
idea that Teas were
tender,and wanted a great in any company.
exceedingly
deal of extra care and attention. Actingunder this belief,
Climbing Devoniensis I do not like. It grows well
and on the advice of a very experiencedrosarian,I had
enoughI admit,but I have always found it very tender ;
being invariably
two very expensive borders made
for these Eoses.
The
all my plants,
protection,
notwithstanding
ground was excavated to a depth of 2 feet or more, and so crippled
by the winter as to be useless for floweringthe
that I grow
Rose
the bottom of the bed being filled with brickbats and
followmg year. This is the only Tea
other rough material,
the bed was
made with turf cut up
which has been so much injured
by cold and wet.
the next
as
which Tea Roses to name
I hardly know
roughly,and mixed with broken bones and stable dung.
Margottin,,
d'Elise,Madame
In these beds I plantedmy Tea Roses, some
being on the best; possiblySouvenir
Souvenir dun Ami,
Briar and others on the Manetti. The plantsdid prettywell, Madame
Willermoz, Rubens, Niphetos,
There ar"
but not so well as I expected and had hoped ; I therefore and Celine Forestier,and in the order named.
to bud them
determined
Briars just like the Hybrid other goodTea Roses, such as Adam, Triomphe de Rennes,
on
Trouve,
Jaune de Smith, L'Enfant
I mean
the Briars" I may
state in
Adrienne
Christophle,
Perpetuals. These
of them are inconstant,,
I always plantin trenches, into which I put a
Moiret, and President, but some
parenthesis
mixture (half
and half)of good rich pigdung and stiffyellow some
shy bloomers, and some difficultto grow.
with the bottom spitof the trench.
clay,well incorporated
Triomphede Rennes, for instance,I never could grow at
This I find incomparablybetter than all
and no one
all until lately. I tried it in every way I could think of,,
GOSSIP

TEA

ABOUT

KOSES.

...

"

"

"

"

"

"

dung,

had fully
expanded,
as the foliage
who has not seen
it would believe how the Briar will root but it invariably,
as soon
into this mixture.
The result of this buddingwas
that cast it,so that the branches were
always bare,excepttheI at last tried it in large
the next year I had remarkably fine plantsof Tea Roses
5 or 6 inches at the upper end.
do
without any extra trouble
much better,
in fact,
than those
pots (12 and 14-inch)on the Briar, and nothingcan
about which I had taken such pains.
better than these plants.
is a greatfavourite of mine, it is
I should add that I alwaysprotectmy Teas a littlein
Adrienne Christophle
but I must
the winter, even
acknowledge
the dormant
buds, by placinga little so strikingand novel in colour,
bracken or common
fern round the head, and tyingit with
that it is very uncertain.
In situations
Rose.
a bit of tarred string.
Smith's Yellow is another capricious
do better,but like the yellow
As to the best kinds,I suppose almost everybody
will which it likes nothingcan
admit that nothingcan
the whole
touch Marechal
on
Rose, for one placein which it will do, there are a hundred
Niel ; for size,
The only plantthat I know
and free growth,it is certainly
where it will not open at aU.
colour,
unaprather tender, of upon which the flowers almost always open well,and
however,itmust be admitted,
proached.It is,
and the firstbuds are very apt to be spoilt
by springfrosts. usuallydo not show a green eye, is one I boughtof Mr.
the north
on
I had a magnificent
of this Rose in 1870 on a west
Cant some
display
twenty-five
years ago, and planted
wall,but this year the buds, from the continued rains and front of a house in Suffolk in a cold claysoil. There is a
with the west end of this
cold weather,for the most
at rightangles
without
"

part

decayed

opening.buildingrunning

a gleam
It is singular
that M. E. Verdier who introduced this fine house which preventsthis plantfrom ever getting
it annuallyproduces
to
Rose should have done so in such an equivocal
way ; for of sunshine, and yet,singular say,
This is one
it could well have aiforded to have been broughtforward
the moat beautiful blooms.
and opens faurly
which
one
can
no
its own
merits.
on
of those anomalies in Rose-growing
I think the next best Tea is Madame
Falcot; it is understand.
tical
Rose to flower,
L'Enfant Trouve by some, I believe,thoughtto be idena very
hardy,a capital
good grower, and
had the most lovely
with Madame
"William,is in the cataloguesmarked
very beautiful in colour. I have lately
blooms of it. I think,too, it will make
seed as dwarf, but that is because the proper stock is not used
a valuable
for it is a most
parent,thoughI fear we shall not often ripenits seeds here. for it. The way to grow this fine Rose
I last year got nearly
and had a correspondbeautiful and distinct variety is to bud it on the common
a pintof heps,
ing
number of good plants,
indeed,and flowers
and apparentlyripeseeds,
On this it grows very freely
but, Banksian.
"

"

No. B61." Vol.

XXL, New

Seeies.

No. 1208." Vol. XL VI.,Old

SEBiBa.

JOUENAIi

294

OF

HOETICULTUEB

AND

COTTAGE

GABDENEE.

[O

ober

19, 1871.

wood
had
of one
year's growth on this the flower-scapes
until the
appear, afterwards water copiously
littlefinger,
and 3 feet long ; and farther, floweringis past, then reduce the amount
and keep the plants
plants on a west wall which, without any proto become
tectiondry over the winter, but do not permit the foliage
The cause
of an enfeebled growth is very often free
whatever,have for years gone through the winter perfectly shrivelled.
unscathed !
and needless winter watering.
Teas I can say very little,
As to the newer
not havinggrown
If largeplantsare wanted
(and for conservatories and large
them.
I saw, however, in Mr. William
Paul's ground this houses they are more
effective than smaller plants),
all that is
the followingvarieties,
which I marked
Bummer
as
shift every spring,not removing
very fine, requiredis to givea moderate
this autumn
and to be obtained by me
but lettingall grow together,and in the
viz.,Belle Lyonuaise, any of the offsets,
Madame
Levet, Marie Sisley,and Victor Palliat. I forgot, course
of a few years we have a pot full of flowering
bulbs.
that
I
have
here
H.
flowered
Jamain
is
The
Madame
though,
a
plant is all but, if not quite,hardy,but it is one of
; it
good new Eose.
those few late summer-flowering plants which must ever continue
I observe that Mr. Eadolyffespeaks of Marie Baumann
and
Those wishing
indispensablefor greenhouse-furnishing.
Louis XIV. as bad growers.
This is quitecontraryto my exdo so in a warm
perience. to try it as
a hardy plant may
ing
border,affordThe latter I do not grow now
because it was so very
it a moderately rich loamy soil,
with a little peat and leaf
inconstant,not one bloom in fiftycoming in good form, but it soil,and plantingso that the bulb may be covered over about
indeed
with
Mr.
f
avourite
me
on
inch deep, and in autumn
an
it should have a top-dressing
grew very strongly
Eadcljfie's
of
Stock the Manetti.
I had plantson this 6 feet high and 3 feet partially-decayed
leaves.
It is essential that the border be
through. As to Marie Baumann, I will send Mr. Eadcljffetwo
well drained,and copiouswateringsgiven in dry weather,so as
shoots of this year'sgrowth from Briar plants; they to secure
or three
a
water does the plant regood growth. So much
quire,
will speak for themselves.
that it may be set in the basin of a fountain,where it
By-the-by,Mademoiselle Bonnaire
does very well on the Manetti.
luxuriates in a hot summer.
I know
P.,Essex.
of nothing that would
give so gorgeous a mass
a bed of this in full flower out of
as
doors in September.
PLANTS
GREENHOUSE
"No.
7.
Imantophyllum
This yields to no greenhouse
miniaium.
BULBOUS
TUBEEOUS-EOOTED
AND
PLANTS.
plant for effect and beauty earlyin winter and in spring. The
These as a rule requirelightairypositions,
leaves are long,more
and they should
erect than those of Vallota,and about
the glass not only when
2 inches broad.
The flower-stem rises from a foot to 15 inches
be kept near
growing, but when
of twelve flowers or. more,
growth is complete. The more
the
nearly the foliageapproaches high, supporting an umbel
to 16 inches from the glassthe more
blossom
stiffand developedwill be
having a footstalk about 3 inches long ; a separate
the growth, the more
The
complete its maturation,and the greater blossom when fullyexpandedis from 3 to 4 inches across.
the prospectof a stronggood bloom.
flowers are deep salmon-coloured,
with the lower portionof the
Vallota
Scaeeoeough
or
Lilt, is,without exceppetalsof a yellowtinge.
puepueea,
tion,
the most
useful of all greenhouse bulbous
is very similar to the
Imantophyllum
cyEiHANiHiFLOEUM
plants. It
succeeds admirably as a window
plant,and is not subject to precedingin its generalhabit and style of growth, the flowers
used
house
for
decoration.
It
is
rather
when
too well known
injury
being
paler in colour,but instead of being erect they
to require any description,
but I may say that the foliageis are pendulous. It is a hybrid.
The Imantophyllumsare closelyallied to Olivia,
and require
brightdeep green, and the flowers brilliant scarlet. It is very
and increases readilyby offsets.
take them
treatment ; I shall,therefore,
gether.
tofree-flowering,
nearly the same
Singlebulbs of Vallota purpurea may be grown in pots 5, 6,
Olivia noeilis
or 7 inches in diameter,and such are, perhaps, the most
has long brightdeepleaves,and flowers borne
able
suitfor window
house decoration ; or they may be grown in
or
on
erect flower-stem. They are
an
long,tubular,red,with a
of foliageand in September a
considerable amount
of yellow,and are numerously produced.
largepots,presentinga mass
Imantophyllums and Olivia nobilis cannot be grown well in
magnificentdisplay of flowers. The common
practiceis to
the ofisets ; but I consider this a mistake,for they conremove
in fact,a warm
a cool greenhouse ; they require,
tribute
greenhouse,
to the display
of foliage,
and in no way interfere with
or
a winter
temperature of 45" from fire heat,and in summer
I invariably
65" to 80". They should have the compost named
allow all the ofisetsto
for Vallota,
the floweringbulb or bulbs.
and should not be overpotted,
the main
remain, and they attain a floweringstate as soon
pointsbeing to secure
as, or sooner
than if theywere
taken off and placedseparatelyin small pots. a pot full of roots, along with good growth, encouraged by preserving
increase is wanted
divide the plant into two or more
When
a moist
atmosphere, and givingan abundant supply of
growth is complete keep the
parts,each with a bulb largeenough to flower,placingthem in moisture when growing. When
pots that will hold the roots without cramping.
plants dry,exposing them fullyto air and light. The plants
Repotting may be done in March, but it is well not to let it will then live and flower in a temperature considerablylower
too
be
than if the growth were
frequentnor to give largeshifts,for this and all bulbs
imperfectlyripened. When
growing
do best with the roots always touching the sides of the pot,or
water if the drainageis good,
they can hardly have too much
the soil and roots are in a healthy state.
when under rather than over potted. I have not had them reSyringingsoverhead
potted and
for three years, and they do even
the growth is complete
better in that way than
also benefloial,
but when
are
times in a year.
when potted many
Bulbs do not like their
diminish the supply of water, and place the plants where they
roots interfered with,more
this and all that are everunobstructed
have
can
especially
light. Throughout the winter they
green.
Once a-year is quite often enough to repot, and as
water
should not have
than is sufficient to keep the
more
the
remains
the
as
will
sustain
When
drainage
not
long
good they
flower-scapesappear the supplyof
foliageplump.
any
and continued until the flowering
water should be more
liberal,
injuryif not pottedfor two or three years. Of course there are
but the only one
that I have found is in the case of is over, when, if the season
be early in winter, the watering
exceptions,
plantsin a bad state of health, and this is mostlya result of may be again diminished, for with so low a temperature as
when there is a mass
of soil and few roots.
45" any growth made
is poor, and it is well to reserve
all the
overpotting,
In repottingpick out all the soil that you can, remove
the
energiesof the plant for a vigorous growth with the return of
and drain the pots efficiently.
much
of
Let the pots genialweather, or to secure
drainagecarefully,
as
a
season
as
possible
be largeenough to hold the roots and admit of soil being worked
uninterruptedgrowth, and another of rest.
in amongst them and all round.
This is quitesufficient for all
I have seen
the Imantophyllum in beautiful flower in an
plants,large or small. The bulbs should be potted so that orchard house in April,the planthaving been placedin a warm
to make
they may be about half covered with soil. I have tried them
growth, and I have no doubt that it
pit in summer
covered up to the neck, entirely
under the soil,
and also nearly could be made to flower late in autumn
by keeping it dry for a
clear of the soil,
and could not see any difference in the growth few weeks
to
prior
placing it in a temperature of from 45" to
half an inch should be left below the tim
sometimes
in December, and
or flowering. About
50". The Olivia flowers with me
of the pot for watering,and the compost should be moderately at other times in April or May. The reason
of this difference
dry, so that the soil can be made firm. A compost of two parts in time I do not know.
good hazel or yellowturfyloam, one
Speekelia foemosissima, OB jAOOBiEA LiLT." This has narrow
part sandy peat,and one
part leaf soil or well-rotted manure
will grow the Vallota well, Amaryllis-like
leaves ; flowers rich crimson, on stems about a
and without forcing,or in
adding sand it the soil be deficient of it.
old favourite,
foot high. It is an
Water moderately after potting,give plenty of water when
the greenhouse,it flowers about June, earlier or later according
the plantsare growing freely,and continue this up to August ; to temperature. With forcing it may be had in flower from
tiieugiveno more
than enough to keep the foliage
fresh until February. It has one great delect namely,that of flowering

profusely. I have
stock as thick
I have several

as

my

"

"

"

"

October

19,1871.]

JOURNAL

OF

HOETICULTUEE

AND

COTTAGE

GAEDBNEE.

295

I have received several communications

the subject of
on
eitherbefore the leavea are producedor when there are but few of
these. Like many others,the beauty of the specimen is greater new Gladiolus,and hope in a week or two to send forward a
of balbs in a pot, half a dozen or more
to these questions,and which
answer
paper that shall be an
when there is a mass

glad to see that this

being too many for a 6-inoh pot. They succeed admirably will be quitein time for orders. I am
compost of fibrous loam two parts and one part of leaf beautiful but most disappointingautumn fioweris coming more
and
Drain
the
favour.
The
disease
the
neck.
into
has
more
pots well,
again bothered me this
soil,and should be covered to
the glass. From the end of Septemberto year, and yet,like the Potato disease,I see no remedy for it.
and place them near
We
have a perfume for our
in Aprilgraduallymoisten
must
olla podrida,and what
Aprilkeep the plantsdry on a shelf,
Better than the Eose ?
the drainage and put it in
I am
examined
surprised that " P., Essex,"
the soil,
having previously
about recommending Prince
me
order,also removing the surface soil and givinga top-dressingshould have so misunderstood
L6on.
I know it to be a bad grower, and think I said so, but
the flower-scapes
of fresh. When
appear water copiously,and
to
I
said
Eose
it
was
a
tainly,
one
after fresh foliageis made
ought not to discard ; it was not, cergive very liberal suppliesup
the glass,
I would recommend
a Eose
in a select collection. I think
September; then place the plants on a shelf near
"
the
it both prettyin colour and nice in shapewhen
well done."
and lessen the supply of water, but not so as to cause
Let me
I certainly
say I dissent from his list. Marie Baumann
foliageto become limp, and after September keep them dry.
"
have seen
tunate.
as
P." he is fora good grower ; if so with
to flower,say, in April or earlier,never
If the plantsare required
Then
I should be loth to put Countess of Oxford in
they may have the drainageput in order,removing any old soil
bottom
the
in
twelve
before
better
known.
Edward
Morren
is
fine
best
a
that comes
and be top-dressed,placed
away freely,
when
with a bad centre. And
good, but it is very apt to come
heat of from 70" to 75", and a top heat of from 55" to 60", and
what
Just
before
the
about John
blooms
into
flower.
expand
Hopper ? Louis Van Houtte, too, requires
will
start
they
from the hotbed before proving as to its growing powers ; and Madame
Vidot is also a
the pots should be graduallywithdrawn
In fact I should give a different list.
removal to the greenhouse or sitting-room.
shy grower with me.
Avoid too largepots and pottingover-frequently.After the Might it not be advantageous if a dozen of the best Eose-growout
I do not mean
but well-known growers
ers
were
removal of the old soil the pot should justhold the roots withprizetakers,
No harm
to give us a list in your pages of the best twelve,and then we
cramping,while allowingof a littlesoil all round.
Will Messrs. Ead?
will result from the bulbs being left in the pots until the latter might see which reallythe choicest were
cljffe.
Peach, Hole, Paul, Turner, ";e.,kindly do this ? I think
split; on the contrary,the plants are never so healthy nor so
and valuable.
as when
they are in this state. If they should be the result would be interesting
free-flowering
And so my hodge-podge is finished.
I have givenit flavour,
enfeebled in growthrepotthem in a smaller-sizedpot. G. Abbey.
little
colour,and perfume, and hope it may nourish in some
brethren. D., Deal,
way my gardening
PODRIDA.
OLLA
not

in

"

"

"

"

contains many
of this name
ingredients,
ONION
CROP
DESTROYED.
be a veritable hodgethis short paper of mine
must
podge.
I HAVE
lost the whole of two largebeds of spring-sownOnions
Into it first we will throw what is a very good thing
in itself,
but I should say a very bad thing when
we
get too by what I believe to be the Onion grub, and, as I have suffered
in both wet and dry seasons
for the past five years, I
much
of it,and that is the Potato.
Might not one write similarly
should
be extremely obliged for any information
that would
article on the Potato humbug ? I am
far from
a prettysmart
to enable me to avoid this in future.
I notice in last
and good varieties ; be likely
disparaging any attempt to give us new
week's Journal a letter on this subject; but as I tried the same
enthusiast vows
he has graftedthe Jerusalem
but when
one
there particularised,
I really
as
and obtained hybrids, plan, or nearly so, this season
Artichoke on the Potato, or vice versci,
confidence in it in my case, even
no
have
if carried out to the
and others tell me
that the American
varieties are beauties,
letter.
"
I
have
of
also
tried
intervals
"
at
lime,
dressings
very
I see one correspondent
Hold, avast !
why, then I do say,
By-the-by,
suds
doubts whether Mr. Elvers and I had the true Early soot, wood ashes,guano dry and liquid,
sewage water, and soapwithout the slightest
good effect. I have also carted soil
from Messrs. Carter
to me
Eose. I knoio I had, for it came
bed with
and Co., and was
ported from a distance, and tried the plan of sowing one
sent to me
on
to try as seed impurpose
on
the surface,another having manure
dug in, and a
direct from the raiser. The first season
I thought it manure
third
without
but
the
results have been nearly
last season
any manure
;
worse
even
tolerable,
worthless,and this season
equal as far as avoidingthe grub is concerned.
than that. I have seen, grown, and tasted all these Yankee
Can
information
me
give
you
respectingthis grub, its
and
there
is
of
them
fit
human
any
not one
for any
gentlemen,
like a maggot, and is
"c., as in my case it is more
appearance,
being ; theyare good croppers, capitalfor pigs,but not for me.
generallyto be found in the very centre of the decayedOnion ?
Here let me
say that I received last autumn, from a correspondent
H. Howard.
in the north of Scotland,half a dozen round Potatoes for

The

and

Spanish dish

so

" "

trial. I plantedthem, and they are the very best round

Potato
If
one.

[We insert this letterwithout any reply,because we wish

of our correspondentswho
successful Onion
either are
growers, or who have suffered from the grub and found a remedy,
to send to us
the results of their experience. The
following
deners'
descriptionof the grub and flyis given in the " Cottage Garthe Onion
is
Dictionary."" In lightsoils,especially,
liable to suffer from the grub or larva of Anthomyia ceparum
of some
(Scatophaga
writers). The gardener who sees
ceparum
his young Onions, when about the thickness of a straw, turning
and
the leaves sunk down
the ground, may
at
yellow,
upon
know that they are the victims of this insect. Even when
once
of largergrowth the Onion
its
is still liable to suffer from
Carter " Co.
I confess these have more
interest to me
than
attacks,and even up to the time of the bulb's full growth. If
the Tripoli
varieties. Few will care
the outer coats of a young
for these large summer
Onion
thus destroyed are stripped
Onions. "What we want are good keeping varieties; and as I off,the grub is at once detected ; but if the Onion is older the
do not much
believe in seedlingvarieties of Onions, the object grubs are often.numerous.
In both cases
they will be found
is to get good selected strains and improve them, and whatever
The grub varies from
feedingon the very heart of the Onion.
does this is adding to our
about a quarterto half an inch long,is fieshy,
vegetablewealth.
shining,whitish,
Eendle's
Plant-peoteotohs
seem
to be very indigestible
to cylindrical,
and divided into
taperingfrom the head to the tail,
"
"
An kevoik
The pores through which
some
people, and to
it breathes are
May I say to twelve segments.
especially.
him that indigestion
often proceeds from bad cooking ? and so, yellow,and in the first segment. In about three weeks
from
perhaps, they have not agreed with him because he has not the time of being hatched it changes into a chestnut-coloured
used them
From
aright. All I can say is, I have used them this oval puparium, or case, within which is the real pupa.
for various things,and have found them most
summer
useful.
the perfectflycomes
forth.
The
this,in about a fortnight,
I had Strawberries
under them a full fortnightbefore those in
female is entirely
of a pale ashy colour,covered with black
the open ground were
ripe. I used them for ridgeCucumbers, bristles. The male has a black line down the middle of the
and am now again using them for winter salading. That there
abdomen.
The antenna
and legs are
black; the wings are
will be breakages sometimes
I know, but the idea of having transparent,
almost colourless,
but iridescent pink and green.
wooden frames to support them is rather too absurd.
The female inserts her eggs within the leaf-sheaths of the
I

know, evidently
a Eegeut, but an uncommonly
good
the corresponthis meet his eye perhaps he will kindly renew
dence.
I received also the other day from Mr. Whitbourne, of
Loxford Hall, some
magnificent tubers of Dalmahoy. He
questionsif the Lapstone is as good. I think it is better ; but
they were certainlysplendid
tubers,of fine flavour and mealy.
And now
to Onions, dear to the Spaniard, dear to
we
come
the English workmen, and without which even
a
Soyer or a
Franoatelli would find himself nonplussed. There were
some
shown
the other day at Kentington, notably
very fine ones
the Intermediate and Nuneham
Park
exhibited by Messrs.

some

296

JOTJENAIi

OF

HOKTICULTUEE

AND

COTTAGE

GAEDENEE.

Onion, close to the ground. She continues to lay her eggs leaves are not so largenow as they are
May to September,producingseveral broods during that come, and the flower spikes are as a
period. The latest brood remains in the pupa state through compact than the spring ones, and
the winter, so that all old-decaying
store Onions should be
smaller.
I conclude that this is what
burnt tip as springadvances."]
year'scrop forced out before its time."
from

t October

19, 1871.

the springflowers
rule shorter and more
the flowers themselves
should have been next
E. L. J.

when

EARLY

ROSE
POTATO.
SHADING
AND
PROTECTING.
"K."
(page235),intends to discard all
We
have received from Messrs. Dick Eadclyffe" Co., of
the varieties named
in his list except Early Eose and Harrison's.
Holborn,samples of bags to protect bunches of Grapes and
Of the latter I know
seen
nothing,as I have never
other fruits from the attacks of insects.
They are made of a
it. As to the Early Bose I am
of the same
opinion as Mr.
coarse
material
gauze
dipped in boiled linseed oil,or some
Eivers" that it is worthless. Besides being
when
watery
such substance,to render them
cumstance
durable,and from which circooked,it has a dirtypink colour half way through,which in my
Also samples of
they are called "medicated."
opinion is a very great objection. I must allow that soil,
climate,"e., make a great difference in the same
varietyof
Potato. As " K." says, there may
be more
than one
Potato
under
the name
of the Early Eose ; the varietywhich we have
is very prolific,
and
has roundish
medium-sized tubers,and
rather short haulm.
It is very liable to disease,
as this season
I

Air

surprisedthat

had

about 30 per cent. bad.

I think " K." cannot have the
we
have, or he would soon discard it and retain
of the others named
in list.
I cannot
think how " K." can discard Eoyal Ashleaf,as I
think it one of the best second early Kidnev Potatoes
grown.
We here plant the Early May for the first crop out of doors
and for forcing.It was guiteas
both in pitsand on the
early,
border,as the EarlyEose, and far before itin pointof flavour,
"o." J. W. Sedolet.
we

as
variety

same

some

ROSES
I

AND

IVY

ON

TRELLIS.

wire trellis 5 feet high facingnorth-west

and southeast.
On the north-west side I
purpose plantingIrish Ivy,and
the south-west Eoses.
on
The soil is sandy. Can you tell me
what
Eoses (Perpetuals)
would
be best in this
at
HAVE

situation,

what distance from the trellisand from each other theyshould

planted,and whether they would require any specialtreatment
?
The Eoses I am
thinking of are Baronne Prevost,
'General Jacqueminot,Gloire de Dijon, Jules Margottin, Lord
Baglan,Paul Verdier,Sir Joseph Paxton,and Solfaterre."T. L.

seen on the Continent,

greenhouBeshading,such as is generally
and especially
in Germany, for shading windows of dwellinghouses
in summer.
We
shall be glad to Bee
this elegant
material introduced
to this country,if it can
be supplied at
such a price as to induce gardeners to cover
a largeextent of
glasswith it. No better summer
shading can be found.

be

[We should advise plantingthe Eosea at least 2 feet 6 inches

the wire trellis,
in lightsoil the roots of the Irish Ivy
as
side of the trelliswill
you propose to plant on the north-west
soon
spread to the oppositeside and injure the Eoses. Irish
Ivy forms very dense surface roots and is a gross feeder ; and
from

should advise you every year to cut the roots on the southwe
west
side about a foot from the trellis,
and encourage the growth
of the roots to the north.
Have
the Eoses on
the Manetti
stock,and choose General Jacqueminot, Gloire de Dijon,John
Hopper, Charles Lefebvre,Madame Clfimence Joigneaux,Boule
de Neige,ClimbingDevoniensis,and Celine Forestier. Yon do
not Bay the length of the trellis ; plant 3 feet apart,and if
you
want more
than those named
choose any others from the list
which is too tender.]
you sent except Solfaterre,
DAHLIA

GLABRATA.

PLANT

PROTECTORS.

the Eendle
to enter upon
brick-protector
controversyagain,but I may be able to elucidate the difiiculty
"
which
Old
Loteb
Pbotectoks
An
of
says he is under
"
"
alludes to the maker
when
An eevoik
of wooden
frames.
I may be mistaken, but I think " An kevoib"
refers to some
I

not

DID

mean

"

wooden
frames with moveable
glass,which I described in the
nearly two years ago, and which awoke
pages of the Journal
the vials of Mr. Eendle's wrath againstme, as he thoughtI was
a rival maker
going to undersell him, or to infringehis patent,
and he threatened me with proceedingsin Chancery,
"c., though

how

glass

deal frames with grooves for the

had anything
with loose brick protectorsI could not well see.
on
referringto Mr. Eendle's specifications
applyingfor

common

to do
But

on

patent,I found he had

scope as possible.

tried to make

it embrace

as

wide

I do not remember
Mr. Eendle's plant protecto have seen
tors
anywhere in the Horticultural Gardens except in one of
the corridors,
where
they are put up on a level floor under
I do not see that Mr. Eendle need take much
cover.
credit for
the glass not being displacedor broken there,as they cannot
be injuredby wind, and unless persons wilfully
kicked against
them
Mr.
Eendle
they could not easilybe knocked over.

There
is a small unpretending
flower to which I would draw
the attention of your readers. I call it " the lady'sflower,"as
I have never
known a ladywho seeingit did not admire it. It
is a small singleDahlia called Dahlia glabrata a florist
calls " Au betoir"
politely
clumsy and incompetent because
;
proper
other very practical
would, doubtless,despiseit,but few, I think,who could see it, he cannot see the merit of them; many
I now
it before me
in a vase
with Eoses, Mignonette, gardenershave tried them, and have endorsed my opinion conSB
see
cerning
I
have
but
would
charmed
and
be
with its elegant
never
seen
to alter it,thai
them,
"c., as companions,
any reason
Bimplioity.In size it varies from that of a florin to a five- theyare not so efficacious or so convenient as wood, nor are
ahilling
piece,accordingto the vigour of the plant. Its colour they,taking the area covered,any cheaper than old Cucumber

usuallyvaries

from

shades

of

lightpurple

to

sometimes
violet,

It is easily
almost white.
raised from
seed sown
in spring,
and will flower the same
autumn.
I have never
noticed the
seed in any other cataloguethan that of Mr. W. Thompson, of
Ipswich. Like its more
pretentiouBkindred,the double Dahlia,
it requiresprotectionin winter. I am
sure
your feminine
readers will thank me
for drawing attention to it,when they
have once seen it in bloom.
Hoetatok.
"

The

Hoese
of them

Chestnuts

(aboutone

in the

Champs

Elysfies,Paris, are

in ten I should
in full
imagine),
young leaves,several having on their branches at
time the old withered leaves,
one
a
nd
flowers.
fruit,
young leaves,
I noticed two pink-flowered
trees among
them (Pavia).The
many

blootn,with

frames.
Mr. Eendle seems
to have also come
to the conclusion
that wood
is superior,as from the drawings I presume
Mr.
Brfihaut'slawn conservatoryis of wood.
What there is in it
meritorious
novel
deserve
or
to
I
cannot
sufiiciently
a patent

myself see ; perhaps the patent is a nom de guerre, intended to

as the patent laws want
frightenaway imitators,
greatrevision
if any mere
modification
of wood
and glassfor horticultural
An Old Loter
of
purposes can be patented. I agree with
Protectobs," there is nothing like hinged lightsfor ground
vineries or anything of a permanent character ; and at Nottingham,
"

like those
(ofBeeston)moveable frames
at Ohilwell
were
an
agreeable
up for Mr. Pearson
The firstlot of brick
contrast to the loose bricks over the way.
Eendle's
own
man
were
protectors put up at Chiswick by Mr.
nearlyall blown down and the glassbroken within two days,
Mr.

he has

put

Foster's

"

"

JOUBNAL

298

HOETICULTUBE

OF

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COTTAGE

GAKDENEK,

[ October

19, 1871.

""edwood surpass even the groves of big trees. The Eedwood

Curiosityin California,"alreadyreferred to, it is stated that
forms frequentlyalmost the entire forest,while the big tree
it contains 1380 trees,many
of them of magnificentproportions.
nowhere
the other trees,
I have measured
occurs
ten trees that were
21 feet largerin cirexceptwhen scattered among
cumference
and never
in clusters or groups isolated from other species.
than any others in either of the groves.
Through
Let one
entire
far
the
the
trunk
of one
imagine an
forest,extending as
as
tree,resembling
prostrate
an immense
eye
tube,we
can
could have driven one of the heaviest
reach, of trees from 8 to 12 feet in diameter,and from
Concord stages,crowded
200 to 300 feet high, thickly
grouped, their trunks marvellouslywith passengers, a distance of 200 feet. In this grove is another
not branching till they reach 100 to 150 feet from the
straight,
tree,stillstanding but burnt out, in which twenty horses have
"

ground, and then forming a dense canopy which shuts out the been coralled at a time."
view of the sky ; the contrast of the brightcinnamon-coloured
Professor Whitney concludes his reportby saying:
From
trunk with the sombre, deep, but yet brilliant green of the
the reader will readily
what has been stated,
gatherthat the big
where
often no
sound
tree
is not that wonderfullyexceptionalthing which popular
foliage; the utter silence of the forest,
be heard exceptthe low thunder of the breaking surf of the
can
writers have almost always described it as being. It is not so
distant ocean
let one pictureto himself a scene
like this, and
restricted in its range as some
other Conifers of California ; it
he may
receive
faint
a
perhaps
impression of the majestic occurs in great abundance, of all ages and sizes,and there is
forests of California."
splendour of the Eedwood
to
that
it
is
no
than
reason
now
dying out any more
suppose
Since the discovery
of the Calaveras grove of big trees by Mr.
the Eedwood.
distinct groves have been found, all
Dowd, eightor nine more
The age of the big tree is not so greatas that assigned by
in California,
and between
36" and 38J" of north latitude. the highestauthorities to some
of the English Yews, neither ia
They are all also between 5000 and 7000 feet above the level of its height as great by far as that of the Australian species,the
the sea.
Bat although some
of the others are perhaps quite Eucalyptus amygdahna, many
of which, on
the authorityof
is the most celebrated.
as remarkable,that of the Calaveras
It Dr. Miiller,
the eminent
government botanist,have been found
the first discovered,
and has the advantage of being acceswas
On the whole, it may be stated
sible
over
to measure
400 feet."
on
wheels, and possessinga good hotel. This grove is that there is no known tree which approaches the Sequoia in
3200 feet long and 700 feet wide, lying between two slopes, grandeur, thickness
and
height being both taken into consideration,
intersected by a brook running north-east and south-west. It
unless it be the Eucalyptus.The largestAustralian
contains
about one
hundred
trees of large size,and a considerable tree yet reportedis said to be 81 feet in circumference
at 4 feet
number
of smaller ones.
Some
have fallen since the
from the ground ; this is nearly,but not quite,as largeas some
discovery; one has been felled,and one has been killed by of the largestbig trees of California."
(BostonCultivator.)
having the bark strippedto the heightof 150 feet for exhibition
in the CrystalPalace at Sydenham.
These last two mentioned
ME.
ROBERT
T. PINCB.
Of thirty-one
were
perhaps the finest in the grove.
trees,
measured
Tatlok
and
by the party under Professor Whitney, the tallest
Mk.
Eobeet
highly
Pince, the well-known
measured
325 feet,and the shortest 231 feet.
The greatest esteemed
proprietorof the Exeter Nurseries, died at an early
circumference
at 6 feet from the ground was
61 feet,
the least hour on
the morning of the 9 th inst.,
aged 67. The deceased
27 feet.
Hutchings, from actual measurement, states that gentleman had been an invalid for more
than two years, and
there are ten trees of 30 feet and upwards in diameter,and
the
last
attack
to an
of hereditarygout. He was
succumbed at
than seventy ranging from 15 to 30 feet. Sperry and
more
who distinguished
of Captain Pince,E.N., a gallantofficer,
son
Perry speak of several trees in the Calaveras grove nearly himself greatlyby his indomitable pluck and bravery in the
100 feet in circumference.
French
War.
Mr. Pince was
originallyintended for the law,
At the Mariposa grove (whichcontains 365 trees)
of forty-sixand was
articled to an attorneyat Liverpool. But in his case
livingtrees measured, the tallest was
272 feet in height,and
rules the camp," ruled,or rather overruled the
love,which
the shortest 186,while the greatest
circumference
at the ground law.
Daring a visit to Devonshire he met the fair niece of the
92 feet 7 inches, and the least was
was
27 feet, while the
late Mr. Lacombe, the proprietorof the Exeter Nursery, and
Grizzled Giant has a circumference
The young
at the ground of 93 feet in due time married her.
lady is said to have had
7 inches.
and Mr. Pince itj
an
invincible dislike to the legalprofession,
One of the most remarkable trees in the Calaveras grove lies consequence
resigned his prospects of distinction in that
n
amed
Father
his
in
the
and
uncle
the
of
prostrateand half buried in the soil,
fitly
joined
pursuit horticulture and
quarter,
of the Forest," for the descriptionof which
I am
debtedfloriculture. He followed his new
vocation with all the energy
mainly into the very clever and interesting
work of Mr. J. M.
became
and enthusiasm
an
peculiar to his nature, and soon
Hutchings, of To-Semite, called
Scenes of Wonder
and
accomplished botanist. He positivelyloved his flowers and
in
ing
Curiosity California,"which, in a very chattyand interestpany
plants,and nothing gave him greaterpleasurethan to accomvisitor in a tour of his gardens,and greenway, takes the traveller without fatiguethrough the land of
an appreciative
houses,
marvels.
This tree measures
in circumference,at the roots,
the beauties
and hothouses,and expatiateto him upon
112 feet,and 200 feet to the first branch.
and characteristics of his choice collections. He imported fine
Entering by an
to the variety
apertureon one side,and turning at a rightangle,a horseman
exotics from South America, and added materially
ride a distance of 80 feet and emerge from a similar
can
of the Exeter Nursery'scollections by jadioiously
hybridising
ing
openthe oppositeside ; 300 feet from its base,where it was
on
well-known
species.
broken
off in its fall,
it is 18 feet in diameter; and, judging
When
in the prime of life he took pride and pleasurein competing
from the trees shattered where it fell,
it must have measured,
cultural
for hortiwith provincialand metropolitannurserymen
at least,435 feet in height. How
centuries it lived and
and floricultural prizes,
and was remarkably successful.
many
flourished in its grandeur, the children of what now
extinct
The Camellias,
Ehododendrons, and Orchidsof his firm obtained
beneath
its
how
races
centuries
it
has
his
played
lain celebrityunder
shade,
supervision. The Camellia house in his
many
there in its last sleep,amid
the undisturbed
solitude of the
grounds at Alphington is,perhaps, unrivalled in the kingdom.
wilderness,are questions almost too vast for even imagination It is 200 feet long,and the plantsin it have been cultivated to
to attempt to answer.
the dimensions
of trees,producingmyriads of blooms, thousands
A few weeks
since,says the Mariposa Gazette,there was a of which find their way annually into London
drawing-rooms.
crash in the Mariposa Big Tree grove, which was
Mr. Pince devoted hia
plainlyheard
During the latter half of his career
at Clark " Moore's,five miles distant.
On visitingthe grove
of his
attention to landscape gardening,and in this branch
it was
found that another big tree named
ful.
Andy Johnson
pursuitattained high excellence,and was also eminently successhad fallen. It had been noticed for two years to be leaning
He has left the mark of his superiortaste and skill npoi"
and more
more
to the south,or south-east,
but it had preserved many
His last work, we
a park and
garden in fair Devon.
a
certain show of stability,
and its present humiliating
of this description
the laying-out
of the grounds at
dition
conwas
believe,
of prostration
and ruin was
not anticipated. It fell in
his
not
to
His
labours
confined
specialpurown
were
suits.
Marley.
the direction it had been leaning,and the whole
In the course
of his life he endeavoured to do all the
upper portion
of the trunk from a diameter of 8 feet to the top is broken and
good he could for the community. He was for many years
tossed about like the wreck
of a mighty ship broken upon
Local Board, and to the energy
a
chairman
of the St. Thomas
surf. The wood, at the fractures,
does not appear to be actually which he brought to bear upon the management of the sanitary
decayed,but very brittle in appearance.
of the success
afi'airaof that district may be attributed much
Still more
wonderful
is the South grove, eight miles from
to
that has attended the Board's operations. Difficulties were
Calaveras,by far the largestand finest grove of Sequoias yet him only objectsto be surmounted
and
; and his perseverance
diBCOvered in California. In the scenes
of
and
Wonder
resolution were but intensified by obstacles and resistance.
"

"

'

'

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

October

JOUBNAL

19, 1871. ]

OF

HOETIOULTUBE

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GABDENBB.

299

the system for St. Thomas

He originated
by which the sewage
expenses to be incurred and of the progress of the work done.
and converted
into a profitable With
"of the district is deodorised
judiciousforecast he began earlyto arrange and plant
thus avoidingthe cost of a law-suit threatened
by the the gardens,and we will justtouch upon a few relative letters
manure,
Kailway Company, and the construction of a sewer to Starcross. yet preserved. In October,1G09, Lady Tresham wrote to Sir
of carbolic acid,adopted Eobert,then Earl of Salisbury,
"His pUn of deodorisation by means
thanking him for his aid against
her "vehement
at St. Thomas, was also adopted by his advice at Bombay, and
adversaryJohn Lambe," and begging him to
from the authorities there he received a cordial vote of thanks
accept half a hundred of fruit trees to plant at Hatfield."
due to his
Another
letter in 1610 asks for instructions relative to the
for hia council and guidance. It is principally
dependent
exertions that St. Thomas
novf
enjoysthe advantage of an ingardener'swork to be done there. A third letter in 1611
"

he retired contains estimatesforbringing

and continuous
water supply. When
water in earthen pipes "from the
Local Board, a year or two ago, he retired
from the St. Thomas
springsto the dell ;" and in November
of that year fruit trees
with the regret of all the members, and of the parishgenerally, were
sent to the Earl by the French
Qaeen, but he observes
"
for his valuable services.
but also with their hearty thanks
the Apples and Pears are inferior to the English,
the Poire
Hundreds
Chretienne
bear testimony to his generosityof disposition,
can
excepted."
It will be long indeed
and
his numerous
Hatfield House
is at an easy distance from London
acts of kindness.
easy
in St. Thomas, and it will never
before his name
is forgotten
in the old coaching
even
when one
times,and stillmore
so now
who
did his
the respect due to a man
be mentioned
without
of the principalrailwaysof the kingdom passes close to it,and
"duty in his day and generation. The deceased gentleman's has its first important station at the neighbouring
picturesque
wife died about ten years ago, and he never
of Hatfield,nestlingas it were
fairlyrecovered
village
in a valley
under the
occasioned by her death. During
from the shock and sorrow
shadow
of the noble residence of the Cecils.
bis long illness his nephew and
As we
heir, Dr. William Eobert
but compare it
pass through this villagewe cannot
with the more
Woodman, has been in eonstant attendance upon him, and
recent villas and other dwellings
which we have
the
has endeavoured
from
to relieve him as much
as
possible
passed on our journeyfrom the
for while in
"

greatmetropolis,

cares

necessarilyincidental

business

that

as

to the management of such a

of the Exeter Nurseries. [Exeterand
"

large

these

mouth both
Ply-

Gazette.)

red bricks and blue slates are the prominent features,

these have been held in supreme
tects
contempt by the archiof such villages
there most, if not all,
of the
as Hatfield
"

buildingsare square or oblong,and their relation one to another

is totally
disregarded. The lath and plastergableend of one
POTATOES.
advances
distance more
some
to the front than the
We have but very few reallygood Potatoes from forty
varie- dwelling
ties
broad side of another,which is,perhaps,weatherboarded,while
grown here on a good Potato soil.
another
is a mixture of brickwork
and
the latter concealed
flints,
I purpose to plant next season
of Dalmahoys
about 25 acres
in some
behind a thick coatingof colouringmatter.
cases
and Paterson's Victoria,
two of the best round sorts for market
Plain flat tiles form the principalroofingof the whole. But
on
any soil.
what constitute the principaldistinction between
old country
In the forty varieties I had three American
sorts,great
like Hatfield and the modern
suburbs of a largecity
villages
"croppers, but worthless except for pigs, and Bovinia is the
like London
the shade-givingtrees,
are
which in so many
cases
same.
throw
a
shield over
the whole, as well as adorn by their
Of kidneys,
all the Ashleafs are fine in flavour,
includingthe
verdure.
SJapstoneand Webb's Seedling; but theydo not crop like the
Another
feature usually met
with in such villagesis the
two round Potatoes above named.
venerable
church
arid its surroundings. Some
of these are
Of earthiug-up
Potatoes,if all your gardenerreaders had time
w
hile
others they lament the
worshippedby antiquarians,
over
"and inclination to give their experience,
ninety out of every
In
the
and
church
alterations
changes
undergone.
important
hundred would say, " By all means
earth-up your Potatoes, restorations
of the noble
are being made
through the liberality
both for produce and for earliness."
of Hatfield House, whose taste and judgment are both too
The Potato disease here is about equal in all the varieties,owner
good to leave any doubt of the issue namely, that it will be
except the Dalmahoys. They are the most free from the plague.
embellished
in a way becoming the parish church
of a rural
All others are about one-third
diseased.
The
crop is large.
district ; for though but some
sixteen or seventeen miles from
Discard
all recommendations
of a large number
of sorts for
it is only by the occasional sound
of
London,
passing trains
cultivation.
Let those who reallywish to benefit their neighbours
(forthey are but littleseen from the mansion and grounds)that
a few of their best; only a few sorts are
name
wanted
we
are
near
we
are reminded
a busy thoroughfare.
Eot a host. F. L.,Bailiff,
Knowsley CottageFarm, Prescot.
The village
occupiesa valley,
through which the Great North
road used to run, and its hostelries,
much
so
once
needed, are
reduced in number, and the village
has settled into one of
now
HATFIELD
HOUSE,
those quiet country house-clusters
which form so pleasing a
The
"

"

"

Seat

It it be

of

the

Makquis

of

Salisbury.

rule of nomenclature, " Once a palace always a

should retain that title. From
palace,"then this mansion
being
desmesne
of the Saxon Kings,Heathfield,for that is the true
of the place,passed by grant to the Abbey of Ely, and
name
then to the bishopric of that name.
Some bishop,now
known,
una

feature in

land ; but there isjone connection which it has

our
to the great house on the
up, and that is its relationship
hill Hatfield House
and Hatfield village
stilloccupy the same
relative positionthey did two hundred
years ago, when royalty
unusual visitor ; and not many
was
no
years ago Her Majesty
entertained here with becoming magnificenceby the father
was
of its present noble proprietor.
On leaving the railwaystation,
which is close to the village,

kept
"

rebuilt on
built there his palace,which was
a
larger
better styleby BishopMorton, in 1478.
When it reverted
to the crown
we
know not, but it was the residence of Prince we descend a littleinto it,and then commence
to rise,passing
Kdward
in the lifetime of his father,Henry VIII.,and when
on
our
right the church, which forms a sort of connectinglint
he succeeded to the throne he conveyed it to his sister.
Princess, between the villageand the mansion, and our first entrance
eventuallyQueen, Elizabeth.
During her sister Mary's reign within the precinctsof the latter is through a doorway adjoining
she was
resident here,under the kindly custodianship
of Sir to,and, we believe,
that stood
also forming a part of,a mansion
Thomas
In
1607
James
I. exchanged it for Theobalds
Pope.
here before the presentnoble structure was erected. A large
tion
porwith Sir Bobert Cecil,created Earl of Salisbury,
who
laid the
this
of
buildingis stUl standing,and appropriatedto some
foundation
in 1608, and in 1611 completed Hatfield House as
oiher purpose, but its peculiarfeatures are retained as far as
it now
remains.
possible. How far back its historydates we are unable to say,
James
I. coveted Theobalds because it was
convenient
more
but most likely
it extends to the periodof the wars
of the Boses
for indulgence in " kingly sports," but Sir Robert Cecil evidently or even
further back, as
of the modern
dates from

and

part

it reluctantly,
and writingin 1607 to Sir
tells that he had been to take a last look
at Theobalds before it passed into the King's possession. He
also tells that he purposed to enlargeHatfield Park, and several
noblemen
had been there with him to decide where the future
Thomas

parted with
Lake, he

mansion
should be placed. A silver thread of ability
and aptness
for business has ever
characterised the Cecils,
and in Sir

Bobert that thread was a stout one.

It is very apparent in
the detailshe required to be furnished from time to time of

building

the

time of Henry VIII.

This memento
of a past age is but
short distance from the north front of the present structure,
and has been recentlycarefully
and judiciously
restored.
The
mansion
of Hatfield
occupies the northern end of a
ridgeof slightyet sufficient elevation,
the ground falling
gently
The
ing
buildaway from it on all sides,exceptingto the south.
a

is regarded as one
of the best examples of the Tudor style
of which Cobham
architecture,
Hall,in Kent, and Ingestrie
Hall, injStaffordshire,
also examples. A portion of he
are

of

JOURNAL

300

OF

HOETICULTUEE

AND

house is of stone,the remainder of brick with stone dressings,

the window muUions
being in all cases of stone. The north
of upwards of 200 feet,the
and south fronts presenta fa(?ade
other two sides being a Uttle less. The buildingis also lofty,
the two northern
turrets,
angles are surmounted by domed

are

COTTAGE
also formed

grass space
health and

and

GAEDBNER.

19,1871.

beds with plentyof

large,bold, well-proportioned

"

them.

between
the

were

The

beds of Calceolarias exceeded

in

of the

kind I had seen

for many
years,
two friends by whom
I was
panied,
accomwell versed in the cultivationof this uncertain

vigour anything

excited
justly

and who

[ October

of
surprise

of the greatbedding-outfamily; and the

be stillmore
increased when it is known
that these Calceolaria
surprise
may
those which Mr. Record described in
as
The principal
carriageentrance nsed to be on tbe south side,where
plantswere the same
feet
than
of
220
the
been
wintered
all
of
this
Journal
of
doors
without
some
as
{more
out
gravelled
a spacious
having
courtyard
square,
pages
than the snow
which encased them in the dead
while suitable any farther protection
to afford space for all comers,
an
acre),-would seem
and the two comers
The variety
furthest from
robust
months of winter.
is,I think,Aurantia,a more
gates gave access to this enclosure,

which

givea commanding

member
yet indispensable

appearance.

in connection
each surmounted by a sort of bastion,
than Anrea floribunda, and I believe also older. It was
possible
imwere
grower
state of health
not a
for anythingto exhibit a more
subterranean passage.
Beyond this court is one of the finest
perfect
dead leaf,and no prospectof any lack of fiowers duringthe season,
to be met with, not of old, but healthy,middle-aged Lime
avenues
tween and, be it remembered, it was
the middle of Septemberwhen
I saw
It consists of two rows
of trees on tach side,the distance betrees.
though
the inner rows
at their being so healthy,
for albeing 250 feet. The ample space here shown is them. I must say I was
surprised
have never
here (Linton
fnriher enhanced by the conformation of the ground,which starting
we
Park),had occasion to complainof
the
rises
is
the
to
south
Calceolaria
since
level
at
so
as
it
time
we
had
from
house
a
so
on
a
disease,
lengthgradually
long
nearly gooda
bloom in September,and in many
to present to view the grandeurof the whole, the gladesof grass on
placesthat I have visited thismile long, is
entire avenue,
about
but
each side being ample. The
a
season
theyhad completely
gone off not merelyceased flowering,
effect is noble, the wide
from the court above described. The
were
seen
dying from some
malady which everyone wanted a
absolutely
for Mr. Record's
and well-ieptcarriageroad of course
addingits share to the whole. cure for. If I were to venture a reason
plantsdoing
been altered,
portance,
not shorn of any of its imso well,I should
The south court has lately
say that the fresh soil of the newly-madebeds had
in whichthe contrary beautified ; for it has been found that
time the extremelyhardy way
influence,at the same
some
on
and amongst others the plants
reared no doubt caused them to flourish better in their
were
these railwaytimes have changed many
things,
robust
travel by rail,
I can
and the north front improvedposition.
visitors from a distance invariably
onlysay I have not seen the same
convenient
of the Calceolaria
in September for
of access
by rail than the south front,for healthygrowth and flowering
beingmore
of gravel
is no
the latter such a spacious
area
can
longerrequired
; the
enhghten ue.
twenty years or more, and I hope if Mr. Record
to obtain a similar result he will do so.
more
as to the way
space has therefore been cut up into panelsof turf,one panelon each
The other plants
also good,and consisted
road that passes through the centre, and each
side of the carriage
occupyingthe beds were
Seedlingand
edgedwith a stone kerb,while on each of these,panelbeds for flowers of the most popularkinds of Geraniums, as Waltham
the mansion
with

"

"

Hatfield

House"

Christine and Wiltshire Lass amongst the

Stella amongst the scarlets,
pinks; and that perhapsbest of all floweringkinds,and one for which
I believe the gardeningworld is indebted
to poor Beaton, Indian
also,as well as
Yellow,also had a place. Other kinds there were
other beddingplants,
but Mr. Record very wiselydoes not
some
which
attempt to spoila good effect by that heterogeneous
diversity
is often met

with

for
else'nhere,

the kinds

of

plantsemployedwere

but

Front.

about

an

acre

square of about 200 feet to the side,and is thereforri

in extent.
A circular batin of water is in the centre,,
is a Mulberry
the centre and each of the four corners

and between
The four

to have been planted

by
Mulberrytrees are reported
They are alive yet,but,of course, presentan aged:
yet, like other old Mulberry trees, theybear well,end,,
appearance,
I proved on
as
visit,produce good fruit. Some intersecting
my
circles form the principal
flower beds, which are
also enlivened by
turf and well-proportioned
gravelwalks. One of the most remarkable
tree.

Queen

Elizabeth.

the effectcould wish their number

increased.
converted
Having described the south court as having been recently
of the oldest flower gardens features is a colonnade of Lime
into a garden,
I will next proceedto one
trees all round, outside of which is ain the country,that still retains its original
8 feet high. The Lime
trees have been
plantedin pairs,,
features,and this carries wall some
than 10 or 12 feet
and trained and cut so that no part of them
back to the time of Queen Elizabeth,or rather to the time of her
is more
us
four
f
or
in
arcade
sides,while the
for
all
state
a
t
Elizabeth
Hatfield
continuous
was
a
some
a
on
predecessor,
high,forming, fact,
prisoner

few, and

no

one

who

South

In form itis a

saw

duringMary's reign. The

garden now about to be described

at that time,and the designof its flower beds,as
other objectsabout it,cannot well be improved upon
at the
presentday. This garden is situated on the west of the mansion, but
not immediately
connected
with it,as some
of tbe oflBcesintervene.
years

was

in existence

well

as

inner

or

garden side is

trained

side,there being that number

evidentlybeen planted since
others that

with
conjunction

so

twenty arches on a
represent
employed. These trees have
to replace
made,
was
very likely
garden
as

to

of trees
the

might have been there before. The whole, taken inthe geometricfiguresof the flower beds aad other

October

ly, 1871. ]

JOURNAL

OF

HORTIGULTUBE

AND

COTTAGE

GAEDENEB.

301

This gardenalso joinsthe arboretum, a space of several acres,

is highlycharacteristic,
and cannot fail to intereetall
snrroTindingg,
fine specimensof Parple Beech, Cedar of
in which are growingsome
of the beds itis needless
"who look upon such a thing. Into the planting
tree Ailanthus glandulosa,
with
the
this
is
affair
to enter,as
a transitory
compared
antiquityLebanon, Acacias,and that noble-looking
lite Mr. Kecord to give us a
besides many
of the garden; but I should
choice trees and shrubs of lower growth. The whole of
certainly
the western
side of the Rose garden and part of the arboretum
it
as it could not failto
opportunity,
planof this garden at some fitting

ance.

to all,more
to those who think that
highlyinteresting
especially
from the latter half of the
beauty of designonly dates its origin,
nineteenth century.
On the northern side of the above garden,
throughthe Lime arcade,
but at a lower level,is what is called the Palace Garden, so named
the
Hatfield
Palace once
stood. The
from its beiing
spot on which
with its entrance
size and form of the old building,
door, shape and
wall of stone
number
shown
of square towers,is distinctly
by a narrow
A part of the buildingon the western side,
put there for the purpose.
he

by a longand wide

terrace

line to the conservatory,

and
of the grounds.

bounded

givesa

walk, which leads in

straight

very suitable finish to this part

come
round to the eastern side of theour
steps we now
Retracing
bounded
mansion, and find there a broad gravelled
terrace,
by a balustradingrestingon a retaining
wall,which forms the boundaryof the
promenade,and from which the flower garden in the basement below
be seen
to the best possibleadvantage,for,letit be observed,hero
can
most
thingsare plantedin lioes at rightangles. The two gardens

interior formed
The
one
large I have described on the south and western sides are each upwardsof'
and was
used by
of the palace,
200 feet square ; this on the eastern side is of about the same
size,
banquetting-hall
The
is
of steps from the upper terrace.
enclosed
Hatfield.
at
It
Queen
garden
by the and is reached by a broad flight
and was
above described,
and
in the usual formal Italian style,
formerlyused consists of a series of figures
boundarywall of the building
for odd plants,but Mr. Record has lately
turfed the
each bed at the time of my visitwas
as
a
a
pictureof fioral beauty,the^
nursery
being some
edgingsof Lobelia that were past their
groundover, and laid out a neat designof small beds,in which flowers onlydrawback
of all sorts are to be grown for cuttings
not crowded,abundance of
and other purposes instead of best. These beds,let it be observed,were
the beds in the best gardens.
walbBaccorded them, and the mixture of turf and gravel
mutilating
space was
which
further enlivened by the
a pleasing
was
Retracing our steps,and going towards the western side of the presented
appearance,
reached by handsome
Elizabethan garden,
and also at a lower level,
brightcolours of the occupantsof the beds. Beyond this garden, and
half in a line with it,but on a lower level (for
of steps,we come
the grounddeclined in this
flights
upon a largeand beautiful Rose garden,
in extent ; it is oblong in shape,
and is cut in two by a walk
size as the flower
another square of about the same
an
acre
was
direction),
the centre.
Each division has a largecircular wire trellis on
across
gardendescribed. This is the croquetground,most likely
originally
The
is
the
beds
which to train Roses.
cut
a
nd
like
the
neat
out
intended
are
a
as
design very
bowling-green,
which,
;
garden above,was.
and reached by flights
of the turf,and contain some
hundreds of the choicest Hybrid Perpetual leveland enclosed with a fancybalustrading,
of
and other Roses.
By the sides of the walks standard Roses
steps. Beyond this croquetgroundwas one of those antiqueadjuncts,
of equalheightare planted,
most
of
the
whole
a
to
the
noblest
residences
of
the
the
The"
some
maze.
giving
inviting
kingdom,
appear-

with two of its towers, stillremains.

room

or

hall,was

Elizabeth

the

when

Elizabethan

Garden

at Hatfield.

ground occupiedby this has not been so completely

levelled as the
but it was
tensive,
situated outside of the garden proper and much less exparts already
noticed,but declines gently
to the east,
whUe the maze
but the present lake is taken into the gardens,
is
and it is intended
composed of Yew hedgesin a high state of preservationand keeping.
to keep it as ornamental
The
has
water.
a
ground
pretty
AlthoughI did not examine the extent closely,
I should think itgreater and natural elevation on
every side. Alreadythere is a walk running
than that of the flower gardens. In
form, I may remark, it was, like round the whole, and a good deal of plantinghas also been done^
them, a square or oblong,
the hedgeswere
in straight
disposed
lines, includinglots of Gold and Silver Hollies, scarlet Oaks, Acacias,
and I believe with as much ingenuity
and intricacy
in most devices purpleSycamores,
as
Yews, the Purple Beech, variegated
Acer, purple^
of the Hnd.
drons,
Rhododenyellow,and plain"Willows,
Aucubas, choice and common
Passingfrom the maze on the rightand turningto the lefthand we
Box trees,
other ornamental things. These were
and many
all'
come
Rose
walk or arcade, for the Roses are trained in a
a
upon
Cross Nurseries,and a
suppliedby Mr. W. Paul, of the Waltham
manner
very similar to the Limes in the Elizabethan garden,over
fine
A
such
and
lot
of
shrubs
of
a
work
the.
are.
they
magnitude,
very
trellis of ironwork, and comprisemost
of the best sorts of climbing arrangement of the groups of shrubs,so far as the work has beeir
Roses. When in bloom they are a magnificent
sight. Passingalong done
to be done
for there is yet much
time to
naturally
requires
this walk, which is about 200 feet in length,
and turning
to the right bring out its beauties,
but so far as it has gone it strikesthe visitor
hand,we see in course
of formation a largelake of about 4 acres
with the belief that it is the most desirable and importantimproveor
ment
more
in extent ; it is intended for a boatingand skating
in this fine place ; and when all is completed
that is contemplated
pond. It is
most delightfully
situated in the valley
eastward of the mansion below
of this fine feature should be givenin detail,
a separatedescription
as
the maze.
I believe there had previoualy
been somethingof the kind, the arrangement of the shmbs has been anythingbut an
easy matte?
"

"

JOURNAL

302

for Mr. Record, who

it ont.

mnst

OF

HOKTICULTURE

have devoted considerable time in

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

working lonica,while Cryptomeriajaponica,Taxodium

[ October 19, 1871.

and
sempervirens,

well represented,
Pinus escelsa beingespecially
sundry Pines, were
Neither were
Araucarias
side of the mansion, which has reto tlie northern
cently good.
come
wanting in size,while risingspecimens
into the most
of the more
commodious
been
altered and made
Conifers bid fair to equalothers
carriage
recently-introduced
with the other sides of the house
it iu keeping
of like kinds elsewhere.
entrance, and to make
next

We

court
lai"ge

has

been

enclosed and

correspondingiu designwith
erected

around

the

northern

trade,
gravelled. An open-workbalusthe south side,has been
on

that

court, which

embraces

now

space

of

a new
Divergingfrom this we come upon the conservatory,
building,
but well adaptedfor the purpose
it is intended for. This
lofty,
structure is 200 feet long by 24 feet wide,span-roofed,
and with an
ornamental
pathway of good width up the middle,the roof beingwell

not

and
feet on
the side,or upwards of an
acre, entirelygravelled
ready for any purpose that may be wanted, and Mr. Record says it is clothed with creepers, and the sides with such permanent plants as
Camellias and Orange trees,and amongst others I noticed one of the
number
not too large for specialoccasions when
of carriages
a
are
assembled here.
This, like'the southern front,opens upon a straightbest Luculias I had seen for many a day. Fuchsias and other plants
of trees,but in this instance theyare
much
closer together, standing
for the time being. In another
between gave a gooddisplay
avenue
and seem
not to have been used as a carriagedrive as the others have
part of the grounds I noticed abundance of plantsbeingprepared for
been ; iu fact,the principal
drive
round
the
the
and
winter
decoration
of
the house.
It ought also to be
left
autumn
to
curves
carriage
after leaving
end of this conservatory,
this court,and a new
road to the railway
station is being mentioned that connected with one
but at
made.
rightanglesto it,so as not to compete with it in pointof interest,
was
220

Before
see

how

this part of the groundswe must glanceround and

leaving
timber trees in
the park is studded with handsome
profusely

for apart from the avenue

this direction,
alluded to
and all avenues
at Hatfield are
composed of four rows of trees there are abundance
of trees of all ages and sizes scattered over
nately,
the park,not indiscrimibnt with taste and judgment,leaving
large open gladeshere
and there,groups arranged to conceal objects
in the distance which it
is not desiiable to show, but at the same
time leaving
vistas in their
"

"

g)roperplaces.
The
I believe,two thousand acres,
park is very large,exceeding,
diversified. Some part of itis covered with J?en2,in which
not only a bnllock but a man
horseback
is said to have found
on
concealment.
Other portions
possess a rich,grassy sward, while the
whole is so undulatingas to do away with that feeling
of monotony

and much

plantstove,also well stocked with the plantsmostlywanted at the

familyare here. Only those who are in the habit of supplying
a
family of rank with plantsfor the various purposes of table and
k
now
much
of
how
this
a
room
decoration,
gardener's
part
dutyhas
increased duringthe last few years, and how much with it the demand
a

time the

for cut flowers.

As

the kitchen

formed is in the directionof the

garden recently

and
conservatory,we ought to describe it here, but as the graperies
forcinghouses intervene between the old kitchen garden and it,my
remarks
I
them
should
make
have
to
naturallyi)recede
upon
any
upon
the other. They were
not at the old garden as might be supposed,
but were
in a sort of yard to the north-west of the mansion, adjoining

farm buildingsand other ofiices. They consisted of some

some
vineries that had done good service in their time, of pits,
and of
smaller houses for forcingpot A''ines,
Cucumbers, and Strawberries. I
which a too frequent
repetition
produces. The age of the trees is also
believe
that
in
there
been
obtained
from
have
these
pits
years gone by
a remarkable
an
feature,and as an instance of this,I may mention
and houses good Grapes from pot Vines.
Those
I saw
this year were
Oak situated but a short distance from the north entrance having a
excellent.
But as a new
kitchen gardenhas been determined on, and
of 32 feet 5 inches at 5 feet from the ground. This relic of a
gii-th
bygoneage is only a shell,but a mode has been adopted of ])rolong-as ranges of horticultural structures on a much largerscale are in
of formation, these houses and pitsare to be done away with.
course
The
before.
seen
ing its existence which I do not remember

having

however, they were fullyemployed,or rather

interior of the tree,which is hollow,has been fiUed-in with the ordinary At the time of my visit,
the plants standingabout showed that they had been so ; and apart
the district so as to form a compact mass.
How
far
from
the
Vines
in pots,and the thousands of Strawberry
of
long
array
tell
this may be conducive
the
time
welfare of the tree
to
onlycan
;
of the conservatory
be bestowed plantsto be taken in,plantsfor the decoration
but so venerable an objectdeserves the greatestcare that can
the
were
hundred, Chinese Primulas, Cinerarias,
beingpreparedby
it. I need
hardlyadd that its top showed the usual
upon
and what I was
to see as an old and deserving
Poinsettias,
pleased
very
of
extreme
and
the
of
its
symptoms
spread
beingdead,
age, portions
of Calla aathiopica,
far exceeds
a large batch
a plantwhich
favourite,
branches
be
not at all large. Let us, however, hope its life may
the bulk of the Caladiums
in beautyof form.
Cyclamens,Cupheas,
It would be satisfactory
to know
how
prolongedfor many years.
and
other
also
were
Libonias,
winter-flowering
plants,
being
prepared.
such
exist
in
the
land.
I
measured
trees
Some years ago
many
myself
All of these were
in the best possible
condition,showingthat Mr.
in
in
26 feet in
soil of
gravelly

one

and

a hedgerow
Buckinghamshireupwards of
I came
across
quitehealthy. Stillmore
recently
31 feet and upwards in circumference.
The most

girth,

in Staffordshire
historical Oak,
the one
when
under
which the Princess Elizabeth was
a
reclining
to hail her Queen of England, is no longer iu existence,
messenger came
fallen
some
having
fortyyears ago. Its shell is,however, preserved,
one

North.

tut its size is not important.

A striking
feature iu this,placeis the inconvenient distance of the
Jritchengarden from the house which has been long felt,
so that a new
is in course
of formation which will be described in due time.
one
The
old kitchen garden, which was
called
the Vineyard,"
at
was
north side of the park, upwards of a mile from
the extreme
the
mansion.
A path through the park led to it,and the entrance was
througha sort of ornamental cottage; the side next the park was by
Hi
The
means
remarkable, but the other side was extremelyso.
cottagealluded to stood on the edgeof a rather steepbank facingthe
north,at the bottom of which was
a broad piece of water, formed
by
damming-np the river Lea, but its clear and brightappearance as well
the concealment
as
of the weir head kept up the idea that it was
an
importantriver. On the other side of this river was the kitchen
graden,an enclosure of between four and iive acres, havinga sort of
ornamental
tower at the centre of the top immediatelyfacingthe
in which the
cottage. We entered and were surprised
at the manner
b
ank
from the cottageto the water was disposed
sloping
of,which was
in fan-shaped
by Yew hedges aU pointing
fashion to the cottage,
the
centre opening of course
beingthe widest,and pointing directly
over
the water to the ornamental
tower at the top of the kitchen garden.
A broad walk throughthe latter gave an uninterrupted
view to the
after pointing
objectalluded to,while aU the side openings,
to the
had
also
their course
to some
water,
importantcentre in the garden or
beyond it,while the age and good keepingof this singularfeature
carried the beholder back to a periodwhen gardeningas a profession
EITCHEN
GAEDEN.
must have been littleknown
comparedwith what it is now ; and yet
how perseveringly
and consistently
have these fine features been attended
Plan
Houses.
of
to by the many
of Hatfield I Why it
of proprietors
generations
A, A, "c. Seven Grape houses forming a rnnpe of lean-to houses 270 feet
should be called the Vineyardis not so easy to understand,unless,as
long by the respectivewidths of 18,16. and 14 feet. The centre house is
is not at all unlikely,
the highest, nnd
forms a conspicuous object from
the central walk
Vines for wine-making
cultivated in the
were
through the kitchen garden.
kitchen garden.
forcing houses each 100 feet long by 14 feet wide.
B, B, Two span-rooifed
ReturniDgto the neighbourhoodof the mansion, and pursuinga
These may
be used for Pines,Melons, "c.
south-west course, we emerge
in the pinetumproper, and guidedby
c, 0, Sis spnn-roofed houses, each 100 feot long by 16 feet wide ; the two
Mr. Record, we find ourselves in- a
termined
outer
ones
being for Peach houses, the use of the others not yet desheltered
where
of
some
large
spot,
but they will be employed for growing plants for the
the most valuable Conifers introduced to this
upon,
country some
fifty
years
present.
have
been planted,and many have attained the proportions
of our
ago
D, D, Cold pits each 100 feet long, and their number
may, perhaps,be
native trees. Picea Pinsapowas
fine,as is also P. cepha- increased,and possiblysome
especially
of them will bo heated.
"

October

19, 1871. ]

GAEDENEB.

COTTAGE

AND

HOETICULTTJBE

OF

JOURNAL

303

the garden east and west,so

another wall across
at some
time to run
the many duties such extensive alterations as
Kecord, notwithstanding
south wall to the tender fruits; but as it is the north
as to afford more
nevertheless talres care to see into the
he is mating necessarily
entail,
664
and 12 feet high; the other
feet
is
of
the
being
of
wall
a
long,
details
which playan important
goodlength,
partin the emhelliahment
place.
and all protected
by a coping projecting
Tailing onr way in the direction of the new
garden,myself and walls are of the same height,
Trees
had been planted
part of
against
to the newly-erected
friends firstcame
bouringabout 3 inches over each side.
Grape houses,and the neighin
most
cases
well. All the ground
and
last
and
the
walls
promised
other
structures.
houses,pits,
spring,
forcing
vegetablesmet
was
The
kitchen garden is formed at a convenient distance to the
new
croppedor had been so, and healthyfine-looking
the conservathe eye in every direction. A broad walk from side to side crossed the
to it passing
south-west of the mansion, the pathleading
to the central vineryin the ranges of
toi7 above alluded to, which is included within the boundaryof the centre of the garden pointing
park proper. The hitchen gardenis outside,there not being enough glassat the back ; wide open-workgateswere beingpnt up in the centre
also of considerable width,were
other
while
of
the
north
walks,
the mansion
that could be spared; being outside,
it
wall,
space inside near
loses the benefit of the shelter which the fine belt of trees by the park beingcarried round at a proper border distance from the outer walls.
still much
to do.
behind there was
In the forcingdepartment,
boundaryaffords in that direction,but there was no alternative. A
busilyemployed,and gangs of
Mechanics of various kinds were
cannot
always be afforded at one place,and
space of 8 or 10 acres
were
engaged in the earthworks,and thai
it is not unlikely
that as great an
extent will be wanted
labourers and gardenmen
by the time
enclosed by the
making Vine borders. Turfy sods, from
this garden shall have been finished ; for the area
very importantoperation"
in upon a well-prepared
wheeled
tion
foundawere
4
inches
exclusive
of
the
to
walls
built
is
6
being
thick,
6J
garden
space occupied
already
acres,
of the Vines had only been planteda few
of drainage,
and some
by the forcinghouses, "c., besides which there will probablybe the
I
believe
Mr.
if not
intends
Record
one
well.
their
far
for few gardensare without these,and in many
extent
ceeds
exdays,yet were looking
slips,
that of the interior.Much, however,is as yetincomplete,
although two of the vineries to be plantedwith Muscats, and one or two with
the
of
precise
position each
the works
staffof men.
The
are
Lady Downe's and other late Grapes, but
beingcarried on by a numerous
kitchen

gardenas walled-in forms

an

; for

oblong,or nearlyso

sity
neces-

littledivergence from the proper angle at the

south-west corner, the south wall being shorter than the north one,
intended
and the other two walls longerthan either. It is,I believe,
has

compelled

note down.
I did not exactly
was
ample,there beingthree or four boilers,
The heatingapparatus
that if one
should fail the others could
but all united or so arranged
all saddle boilerson an improvedplaa.
work without it. They were

/2

22!

"2I

212;

mm^Mj^j^jitr^

JiitchcTi CroLrcieTi.
Plan

of

HotraEs

as

Walt,

Re-areanged,

264 feet Jong, by

A, A, SevGH vineries foTmiBg a range of lean-to houses
is the
the respective -widths of 18, 16, and 14 feet. The centre house

highest.
B, B, Two half-ppan or hip-roofed bonses, each 100 feet long by IS feet
wide, divided into four and three conopaitments respectively. These will
heat as well as top heat, and will be used for
be supplied with bottom
forcing Pines, Melons, Cucumbers, Dwarf Kidney Beans, "c.
two 70 feet long by 20 feet
c, c. Eight span-roofed houses, the largest
in width ; the nest fize 50 feet long by 16 feet wide, all of which will be
used for plant-growing and forcing. The nest sized houses, 50 feet long
by 14 feet wide, will most likelybe Peach houses ; and of the two outer
houses, 50 feet long by 12 feet in width, one is for a Strawberry house,
on.
and the use of the other is not yet determined
D, D, Are bedding-plant pits ; the two lengths nearest the span-roofed
houses will be heated, and the rest are intended to be cold pits.
E, Will be a lean-to propagating house.
state.
F, A house to be used for store plants and bulbs in a dormant
four boilers will probably be placed. The
g, Boiler house, in which

sho^wing

the

Drainage.

object in having them all together is, that the boilers may he connecteS
with the other, so thnt if any boiler should failto supply the necessary
one
heat required at particulartimes, or should be under repair,there may
be a boiler to supply its place.
Is the fuel shed.
I, Water tank, 40 feet across, and 5 feet deep. This tank is kept supplied
with water from a large pond situated some
distance off in the park.
From
the tank the water will run
into every house in the plan, and all of
them
are
fitted-upwith a tank above the hot-water pipes, so that the
water
may be heated to the temperature of the house.
lake
The kitchen garden is also well supplied with water from the same
and by the same
means, and from a similar tank the water is conveyed
all round the garden.
The dotted lines are intended to show the system of drainage adopted
for the whole block of buildings. Figs.1,1, "c.,is the main
drain, and is.
laid with IQ-inch glazed socket-pipes; and figs.2, 2,"c., are the branches
connected with the main drain to take the water from the bottoms of the
Vine borders and the interior of hothouses.
H,

where the ground is low. the most useful it has ever had, and near
the mansion the changes
and were
placedat tte nortli-westcorner
tures
that have been made
I believe these hoileis are calculated to heat the whole of the strucby him have been in strictharmony with th"
of
the
out
shown in the diagram,and beingplaced
sight, forcing character of the building.
in excellent teeping,
I have onlyto add that the whole placewas
pitsand houses will be open to the inspectionof company without
mately that there were
itself. Probably other houses will ultiproofsat every step of the future beingthoughtof ag
anythineoffensive intruding
of erection,
in course
t
he
belief
of
as the plan has
well as the present; and
beadded to those already
finally,
myselfand all who
additions accompanied me was
that in Mr. Record
the Marquis had found a
been arrangedwith that Tiew ; but even as it is the important
of Hatfield will no doubt rank amongst gardener
made by the present
proprietor
worthyof his place. J. Eobson.
"

WORK
KITCHEN

FOR

GAEDEN.

Take advantage of favourable mornings for wheelingout old

THE
hotbed

WEEK.

and other manures

on
spare ground, and gettingthe
ground well trenched and roughlyridgedto receive the bene-

OF

JOURNAL

3.04

HOBTIOULTUKK

atmoaphere.Cut oft the Asparagus stems

decayed ; clear the beds of all reiaee,
sufficiently
east off right and left with a fork portions of the earth that
the crowns
of the plants,and apply a good dresaingof
covers
fioialinflaence of the
aa

soon

as

the manure.
Those beds
manure
; then return the earth over
which
have been attended to in the growing season
by applithan a
will require nothing more
aations of liquid manure,
face
thorough cleaningand forkingcarefully
over, leaving the surnow
forming their
rough. Cape Broccoli and Cauliflowers
from frost by covering them
heads should be well protected
the heart
with a few of the under leaves,or by breaking down
the
head
while
leaves on
forming. Continue to make sloping
and Cahhage
ijanka for plantingEndive, Lettuce,Cauliflowers,
those alreadyplanted out
plants, and keep the ground among
iioedand surface-stirred. Cabbage quartersshould be aearohed
should be made
]torgrubs and slugs,and any blanka that occur
good immediately. Thoae who grow tall varieties of Brussels
the
lower
leaves
come
as
should
take
off
of
a few
they beSprouts
ripeto encourage the sprouts. A good system to blanch
Endive
throughout the winter is to place 3 or 4 inches of sand
and
or
the floor of the fruit-room,vegetable-ahed,
cellar,
on
"take up a quantityof plants with balls of earth about once
and place them
in the sand, where
a-week in succession,
they
without further trouble.
See that the
will blanch beautifully
well
hoed
in
is
t
hinned
and
Winter
aired,
Spinach
thoroughly
favourable weather,and in everyway
encouraged.
FKUIT

GAKEEN.

in this department are the gatherThe principal

ing
operations
in proper condition,
of the fruit as it becomes
making prejiarationafor flUing-up blank spaces, and trenching new
ground for orchards and fruit plantations. They should be
be carried
vyellprepared to insure aucceaa.
Planting may now
tinue
and stake aafelywithout delay. Con-on with aucceas
; mulch
and
removed
from the Strawberries,
to keep the runners
time potted for forcingshould now
those that have been some
he placed in a comfortable situation to insure their not being
soddened
with wet.
too much
Strong pricked-ontplantsmay
if placedon a kindly bottom heat.
be potted with success
'Still

AND

COTTAGE

[ October

GAEDENEB.

19, 1871.

subjectedto a periodof comparativelydry

their blooming profusely,
to secure
be
treatment
should now
rather liberally
supplied with water at their roots in order to
bring them into flower during the dull season, when they will
esteemed
than in spring,when
be much
coming
flowers are bemore
plentiful.Manure water, if it can be used, should be
given frequently to Chrysanthemums. Give air freely on
favourable opportunities,
avoidingcold draughtsagainstplants
that have been brought from a warm
house, and guard against
damp by using gentle fires with a little top air on wet days.
Let pot specimens in bloom be frequentlyre-arranged,
so
as to

plantshaving been

make
the most
of them, for the finest specimens become
too
when
allowed to remain
familiar to be interesting
too long in
one
place. Be careful not to overwater
plants brought from
the water in a tepid state,as waterthe stove, and also to use
ing
tender plantswith cold water after this season, injuresthe
the
duration
shortens
of
the
and
often
blossoma,
young shoots,
ruins the plant. Use weak manure
water for Salvia splendens,
so as to preserve the plants in a vigorous state and keep them
blooming as long as possible. Give attention to securing a
succession of plantsfor maintaining the gaietyof the
plentiful
house as long as possible.
STOVE.

Hardwooded
shrubs, such as Ixoras, that have not made
their wood after floweringshould be encouraged with a warm
ting
moist temperature, syringingthem
lightlyoverhead,and shutGive any growing
up the house earlyin the afternoon.
as
as
soon
convenient, in
plantsthat requireit more
pot room
order to have them
well rooted in the fresh soil before winter.
which are
look-out
for
a
t
hrips,
Keep
sharp
insects,
especially
such plants as are growing
often troublesome
at this time on
Either fumigateor remove
the affected
in a close warm
house.
plants,and thoroughlyclean them immediately thia pest is
with tender-growing
perceived,for if left to its own
way
the finest specimens.
foliagedplantsit soon disfigures
PITS

AND

FKAMES.

Premising that all tender plants are safelyhoused, and

diminished,
anxietywith regardto their safetyin a great measure
into any spare cold
proceed with arrangingthem, and remove
GAKDEN.
FLOWER
Except where alterations are in hand the principalwork in pitsthe stock of Pentstemona, Antirrhinums,Linnms, Phloxes,
other Stocka, and
all herbaceous
annual
"this department for the presentwill be mowing and cleaning- Intermediate and
pota should be
is to be maintained,sweeping- plants that require a littleprotection. The
m.p, and if anythinglike neatness
plunged in aand or coal aahea ; plungingis not only a protection,
mp leaves will requiredailyattention ; also let gravelwalks be
much
labour in watering during the spring months.
Boll them
frequently but saves
thoroughly cleared of weeds and mosa.
all the plants are arranged in this department there
Continue
to keep the surface hard and smooth.
when
to When
wet
rubbish,and everyshould be a thorough cleaning; all litter,
thing
the most careful attention,
afford young stock in pita and frames
If the footpaths
offensiveto the eye should be removed.
out
and endeavour
to have it well rooted and strongwithof
be
in
bad
of
a
or
between
trim,
layer
gravel
the
pits
ranges
as to render it soft and liable
keeping it so cloae and warm
and to the comfort of
coal ashes will add much
to the neatness
the first approach of winteryweather,as is the
to die-off on
should be taken to destroythe field mice,
visitors. Meaaures
with stock propagated in heat late in autumn, and then
"as6
stored in cold pits for the winter. Therefore,admit air freely which in hard winters work such havoc amongat plantsin turf
pits. Baits made of cheeae,bread,or bacon do not take with
rooted to bear it without
to all plants that are suf"ciently
plants should, however, be placed these destructive littleanimals, but a brick trap baited with an
flagging. Newly-potted-off
resist. W. Keane.
acorn
or chestnut they cannot
to
on
a gentlebottom
heat,which will impart a littlewarmth
"

the soil and encourage the formation of roots, but sufficient air
^ould be given to prevent anything like weakly growth. Some
WEEK.
LAST
be in readiness for the receptionof
OF
THE
beds should now
DOINGS
spare
Hyacinths and Tulips. These have a pleasingand interesting
GARDEN.
KITCHEN
efiect at an earlyperiodof the year when all is cold and seemingly
ing
Protectors.
Writing hastilyas we do, we find that in alludand when there is scarcelyanything for the eye
lifeless,
with the exceptionof
to battered and broken
hand-lights,
bare
fields
and
leafleaa
Crown
perials,
Imbut
treea.
to rest upon
statinghow we filled the broken sides with zinc instead of
hardy Lilinms, bulbous Irisea,Narciaaus,and other glaaa(thezinc being clipped to the requisitesize with scissors
be planted in the borders.
Soils which have
bulba should now
made on purpose almost as easilyas you would clippaper with
been used in the forcingdepartment should be brought into
we
forgotto mention that with other glasses
common
scissors),
the compost-yardand mixed up with decayed matter from the
used the frames as they were, and instead of glazing,
merely
we
mixture
forma
excellent manure
for
an
waste heap. Thia
set thin piecesof slates or thin boards againstthe sidea where
Eoses
beds.
for
flower
Prepare composts
by frequentturnings, they were broken.
ing,
We could not do without auoh rough mendtime adding rich materials ; and if a quantityof
at the same
for keeping all
as
on
account of protection
not so much
also trimmings from hedges and refuse
wood can be procured,
at
such intruders aa mice and rats out of the lights night. To
from
the shrubberies ; these,formed into a heap and charred, exclude them
a
still more,
lightline of tar
frequentlyrun
we
will prove a valuable addition to stiffclayeysoils.
round at a few inches from the bottom of each glass. Thus
like to
we
AND
CONSBKVATORT.
OEBENHOnSE
temporarilysecuring the sidea of our hand-lights,
all auoh
have the topa well glazed, and
generallymanage
A sufficient quantity of good friable turfy loam for next
could do little
the men
be procured and stacked up in
matters in wet and stormy days,when
year's operationsshould now
ployers.
and thatched with fern or straw to throw off rain,like- or no work out of doors, with benefit to themselves or their emrows,
We find that Cauliflowers and Lettuces do, on the
wiae peat and
aand, both valuable adjuncts in propagating.
Summer-flowering twiners,which usuallybecome unsightlyat whole, aa well under theae glasseswith opaque sides as they do
We are
when all the sides are of glassand in the beat order.
this season, should be cut back rather freely,
also any others
as
of our
neighbours have dozens of
that will bear this treatment.
Shade can now well be
delightedto see that some
"

dispensed

with, therefore not a spray which

to obstruct the light. Acacias

be spared should be left hand-lights,

beautifullyperfect,and
satisfied with
are
and
other winter-flowering At present we

can

well painted every year.

having the tops perfect.

JOTJBNAL

306

OF

HOBTICULTUEK

AND

COTTAGE

t October

GAEDENEE.

19, 1871.

of the latest Pears. Though hard as flints, shading, it should be remembered, only tends to deprive a
plant of its vigour.
dropped latelyqnite prematurely, and if yon
Calceolaria Cuttings. The inquiriesabout these remind
touched
them they seemed
to have no hold of their footstalks.
ua
We attribute the fact to a chill which
theyreceived during the that the time for putting them in is approaching. We never
know
if
such
We
be
the
should
continued cold rains.
glad to
plants better supplied with young shoots suitable for
mature saw
preThis has taken
the purpose.
We generallyput them in about the end of the
dropping has happened elsewhere.
in a cold pit,as frequentlymentioned.
with late Pears than with Apples, and has chieflymonth
We
have no
place more
been confined to the latest kinds that keep well on to spring. placeto spare for them
as
yet,but if we have no severe frost,
sound.
littledifference. We find,
The fruit seem
a few days later or earlier will make
perfectly
water the however, that the cuttingsgive least trouble,
and on the whole
us
Strawberry Plants. The dry weather made
wishes
rather
becoming -too dry, do
better,when they keep plump and root but little
; but they were
pots,contrary to our
Too greatdryness until the days lengthen.
as
to impoverishthe bud.
almost so much
in winter.
Cleared the plants of weeds
is not desirable even
Where much is done with bulbs in the flower garden,and it
The sooner
it is
is desirable to keep the bedding plantsas long as possible,
and small runners
that made their appearance.
be brought under
shelter the better,
but we
the bulbs on
bed of rough loam and leaf
a good plan to set
a
such plants can
them over, lift,
and plant them with balls. Fine,
can
rarelyaccomplishsuch work early. Even when the plants mould, cover
and protectedby old sashes,we
have been placed in earth-pits
strong, earlygrowth is thus secured.
Besides routine,cleaning and watering,
and gettingplants
of them by the incursions of mice and rats,
often lose many
in pots at all tender under, or ready to go under, protection,
which eat the buds they would not touch when exposed. When
bundles of there has been much
and topfrost is apprehended,
however, we like to have some
potting of Primulas,Cinerarias,
small
the plants,of which
a
over
straw or Jitter to throw
"c., for winter
dressingPoinsettias,
Euphorbias,Cypripediums,
quantitywill be sufficient. Such protectionwill not keep out blooming. Eivina humilis is now
lovelywith its long racemes
much
and from these berries young plantsmay be
wet, in which case the pots may be laid on their sides. of scarlet berries,
A cool,dry place,however, under glass,is the best of all places had in myriads. E. F.
for them, as when
they are somewhat
dry a sharp frost will
not injurethe roots much.
TRADE
RECEIVED.
CATALOGUES
Planting. As soon as the leaves begin to fade, though still
Charles Tnrner, Koyal Nurseries, Slongh. Catalogueof Bases,
ing
retaininga good amount of green, is the best time for replantFruit Trees,Eanhj Trees and Shrubs,de.
and fresh planting. For the modes
of doing so we
must
Jean
Verschaffelt,
Fanbonrg de Brnxelles,134, Ghent, Belginm.
For dwarf fruit
refer back to previousnotices and volumes.
tiesPlantes Prix-eourant pour I'Automne,1871,ei Printemjts
Catalogue
is station-planting
on
trees in the open air the simplest mode
ct Ete, 1872.
littleraised mounds, and encouraging the roots to keep near
ton,
and Anj^elRoad, EdmonGodwin " Sons, Ashbourne, Derbyshire,
the surface by surface-mulching. Such a mode will involve the
London.
AbridgedCatalogueof the Best Roses,1871-72.
Stuart " Mein, Kelso.
least trouble as regardsreplanting,root-pruning,
shoot-andList of Select Gladioli.
or
and Roses.
W. Chater, Saffron Walden.
Catalogueof JSoUyliocks
braneh-pruning. Get a good crop from a tree almost as large
the
will
have
above treatment
as you want
it,and under
you
enough of strength for fertile buds, without any greatneed of
TO
CORRESPONDENTS.
the knife either above or below ground.
*
*
to any of the
We
OBNAMENTAL
DEPAKTMENT.
requestthat no one will write privately
"
correspondentsof the " Journal of Horticulture,Cottage
With a sharp frost every morning, and brightsun
every day,
Gardener, and Country Gentleman."
cept
the air was
By doing so they
so
dry that nothing has suffered out of doors,exAll
trouble and
are
the Coleus, which is considerablyinjured. Even
tropes
Helioexpense.
subjectedto unjustifiable
communications
should therefore be addressed solely to
been little injured. With
the
up to the 14th have
The Editors of the Journal of Horticulture, ("c.,171, Fleet
we
change of the moon
expect that we shall have less frost in
time to come, and if so, but for falling
the morning for some
London, E.G.
Street,
leaves the flower garden will be interesting
a littlewhile longer,
Notice.'
Wc have declined receiving three packages of fruits,"c.,sent
to be named, as they were
not carriagepaid.
us
a good deal of brightbloom.
as it has even
now
Spinach
Afparagds
Leaves drivingover a lawn tell us, however, what is coming ;
(W.). It is all that Spinach can be expected to
as

respectssome

great many

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

and

however

beautiful the colour of these leaves while

the
lawn.

on

trees,they sadly spoil the beauty of a smooth

green
only few in number, it is the most expeditiousplan to
pick them up by the hand and placethem in an apron or basket.

When

of leaves scattered over

a lawn
may thus be
quire
quicklyremoved, when the attempt to sweep them would remuch
time and labour.
When
the grass needs mowing,
and the leaves are
on
it,the mowing machine will take
them out of sight. There could be no better autumn
weather
for using the machine
all over, as the grass will grow slowly
after such frostymornings. Of course, when, by-and-by,fallen
leaves are thick,the rake and the broom
be used, but
must
when
there are only a few, hand-picking will be the moat
efficient plan.
Our earliest-struckhave had
Cuttingsfor Flower Garden.
plenty of air during the day. Our latest that were put in cool
placesunder glass,in order to give them a better chance, have
had a littleair at night,and scarcelyany during the day. We
with its heat to incite fresh growth and rooting.
want the sun
There is little chance
of drawing cuttingsby mere
sun
heat,
and very little air will prevent any accumulation
of moist
Much
be done by thus economising sun
heat,
vapour.
may
but it cannot be done when
air is given as a mere
matter of
course, and the cuttings of a week
ago or of yesterday and
those inserted a month
six weeks since are treated alike as
or
to air-giving.Rather
than give fresh cuttingsmuch
air or
shading,we would rather slightly
sprinkleor bedew them with
twice during the hottest part of a sunny
or
water once
day,
and thus lessen evaporation,
whilst giving them
the greatest
It would
be well it the
amount
of lightthey could bear.
that every bit of shading
acted upon
simple principlewere
not absolutelywanted
hinders
and
the
impedes
rooting process.
How
often does shading,appliedwhen reallynecessary,
it is doing injury. AH needless
remain on for hours when

Some

hundreds

"

"

the name.
be, but the flavour hardly justifies
Flowers
bers
British
Wild
{A. L.)."Of the sixth volume, twenty numof the seventh.
have been issued,and six numbers
Shrubs
Flowering
{M. E. K.). We know of no work devoted to them
Garden
and Greenhouse"
of the Flower
exclusively. Glenny's "Handbook
includes them, and so does the
Cottage Gardeners' Dictionary.'*
Each is cheap.
Gooseberries
Pruning
bably
(J. B. D.). Your Gooseberry plants are procase
two
ought to thin out the young
you
years old, in which
shoots if they are crowded, cutting the others back to half their lenpth.
ning
TUe
bushes will require to be pruned once
a-year in winter, merely thinthe points
out all superfluous shoots, and cuttingan inch or two from
which
of those
remain.
tioned
Always study to obtain a compact, well-proporbush, and avoid crowding in the centre.
and Trebbiano
to your
Vines
(James Dtckcnson).~Add Black Damascus
'"

"

"

"

"

list. The

Muscats

you

mention

are

distinct.

Vines have
Your
lAti Anxious
Learner).
young
not coloured
that the Grapes have
; and the reason
You
should only havo
this year is that you have overcropped the Vines.
fi-om each rod the firstyear cf their fruiting,
taken two or three bunches
As the young wood
the following season.
and from 8 to 12 lbs. of Urapes
be content
is strong and well ripened tbe Vines are all right,but you must
Vines

Overcropping

done

remarkably

"

well

with a very lightcrop from them next year.

Inside Vine Borders
(H. W. C.)."The best time
Sorface-dressing
are
is immediately after the Vines
pruned,
to surface-dress Vine borders
of the house
havo received a thorough
woodwork
the glass and
and
doubt
it
Mushroom
was
As
used
fresh
horse
no
droppings,
washing.
you
It would not injure the Vines, but
spawn that appeared in your borders.
the compost, and we
should prefer the border to he free from
it exhausts
nually,
Vine
borders with the following compost ansurface-dress
our
it. We
after removing 3 or 4 inches of the old material from the surface :
from
straw
free
as
as
of
and
fresh
stable
manure,
cow
Equal quantities
but
heat violently,
possible,are thrown together in a heap: it will soon
it over
turn
we
daily until it is pretty well decayed ; it is then mixed
"

with

an

equal quantity

of

turfy loam, when

it is

ready

for use.

varieties of Grapcg
Cracked
Grapes
Mdscat
(E. S.)."Some
bo assigned
may
liable to crack than others, and various causes
are
more
have
tine
a
and
coloured
As
well
are
for their doing so.
Grapes
your
think in your
We
e
the eanse.
bloom
the berries,mildew would not
on
Bo
moisture in the atmosphere of the house.
is too much
the cause
case
Black

careful when
weather you

watering
should

the

make

plants
up

not

to

spillany

water:

firein the;forenoon when

and

in

damp

the ventilators

AND

HOBTIOOIiTURE

OF

JOURNAL

19,1871.1

October

GARDENER.

COTTAGE

307

may wrap the stems with a hayband, and coat it all

The rats will not touch the trees,as in doing so they
their coats, which they keep most scrupulously clean.
ordinary rats poison them by all means.

Always water the plants

are
open, allowing it to go out after midday.
have, we
For a good late Grape, later than those
you
inthe morninct.
For very late use, in February or
Madresfield Court Black.
recommond
March, Lady Downe's is the best.

paraffinoil,or you

black Grape that can

You
to ripen in your house before Black Hamburgh.
be recommended
that
be too well knon'U
and it cannot
try the Muscat HamburRh,
may
Madresfield Court Black Muscat, though a late Grape, ripens well in a
there
Sweetwater
Of White Grapes to ripen before Buckland
cool house.
The latter,though not a
13 White
Frontignan and Royal Muscadine.
showy Grape, is stilla good hardy sort for a cool house.

will in a greenhouse start into

LiLiUMS
(0.P.)." The Liliumsyou name
perature.
between that and March, according to the temor
growth in December,
If the pots are
protectedfrom frost it is sufficient.

Vines

foe

Vinery

Cool

{C.R.). There is
"

no

Potato
{W. J.,S1iepherdsxvcU).~We cannot be certain of
the Potato you sent, but think it is Douglas's Irish Kidney.
think it very hollow in the eye and wasteful in dressing '? As
of seed we would recommend
a change
you to change the
time.
same

the
Do
you

name

you

of
not

require

sort at the

(W. C.)."The best material for your trellis

fixed 9 inches
the rafters,and
trained
is iron wire
horizontallyacross
apart and 12 inches from the glass. In your lean-to house, with tree3
than
trained to the back wall, you ought not to trellis the house more
the rafters,leaving the upper
half the distance
portion of the roof
up
clear to allow the sunlight to reach the trees on the back wall.
think Bessie Johnson
promises to be a late as
EosES (G.)."Yes, we
it on the
that flowers were
We know
well as an
upon
early bloomer.
10th inst. at Mr. Curtis's,the South Devon
Kosery, Torauay, who, you
will remember, raised it.
Lime
Soil
and
Clay
(X T. ^.)." The mixture would be a good topdressing for lightland ; and the clay,after being burnt and mixed with
lime, would be equally good for heavy land.
In the descriptionof Preston Hall, page 260, third line from
Errata."
at page
262,
instead
of left;and
the beginning, read
right-hand side
and tenth line from
the top of second
column, read
upwards of 70 lbs."
instead of 60,the bunch of fruit having considerably exceeded that weight.
frame
for ^ane.
At the bottom of firstcolumn, page 273,read
Trellis

House

Peach

for

"

"

"

"

Cheekies

growing

on

North
north wall.

for
a

"

Wall
(A.F. B.)." Morello is the only one worth
For a west wall you can have Green Gage Plum

and the Purple Gage.

over

must
If

with coal tar.

get the tar on

they

are

purpurea
Vallota
and
(Bulb Amateur).
Amaryllis,
flower in July should be potted in February and forwarded
a
stove,or a pit with a stove temperature. Those for August should
potted in March, and those for September in April. The Amaryllis you
before
must
retard by keeping them dry in a cool stove until six weeks
heat to start them.
to flower,and then give a brisk bottom
you wish them
will ordinarily flower in a greenhouse in September,
Vallota purpurea
The
but may
be had in flower earlier by placing it in a gentle hotbed.
plants ought to be in pots when you get them, and if not, should be
in a cold
them
now, winter
potted as soon as received. Pot the Liliums
house
pit or cool house, and protect them from frost. Grow them in a greenfor July, in a cold pit for August, and out of doors for September
to make
a good 11-inch pot.
flowering. Twelve Liliums are not too many
or
more
flowering bulbs in a like size of pot,
Of Vallota we have a score
Amaryllis and Gloxinia shoutd be single bulbs.

Gloxinia,

Gloxinias

"

to

in
be

Pruning
prune

them

Trees
Fruit
(J^.R.).~We advise you to
the ground round
them with the stable
and mulch
should prefer its being rather littery.
we

Newly-planted
at once,

dung you apeak of,but

The
Dividing
Subscriber).
alba
(A Constant
of roots.
securing to each division a fair amount
March
is
preferable. It is better for a head
flowering
than
in spring. We cannot
situation
in autumn
gardener to enter a new
decoration in the spring,
the twelve best Lilies for greenhouse
name
and autumn
Liliums are summer
flowering.
a
Preserving
Geraniums
greenhouse, and being
(A. B.)" Without
ceed
ignorant of the convenieuce you have, wo cannot say how you are to proin order to have
strong plants in the spring. Either you will need
in a room,
to keep them
dry and safe from frost, or packed in dry sand in
all the leaves being picked off. Keep them there safe from frost
a cellar,
until March, then pot and place them in a frame over a gentle hotbed.
and only suited for borders.
Pansies
(R. T. W.). They are common,
Viola
cornuta
best time is now
For late summer

and

"

for

"

Fruit-growing

for

Profit
{J.H. C.)."From the littleinformation in
not to invest your money
as
you suggest. We
notes on market gardening.

House
(F. C, Maidstone). Dr. Hogg, Early Grosse
Admirable.
Mignonne, Royal George, Bellegarde, and Walburton
Befure
Fibre
Cocoa-nut
Apply to Messrs. Barsham " Co.,
(Mrs. fif.)."
Planting
Flower
Beds
Cork).~We have no doubt that the
{Amateur^
Surrey.
Kingston,
the
We
in
for
responding
corbed would look well.
have no faith
Myosotis sylvatica
difi"ertoo much
Plans
for us ever to
Flower
Garden
M. palustris,only it
(T.I.). Tastes
the common
bed, bat would recommend
Flower Gardening
M. azorica also would
furnish a plan. For five postage stamps you can have
requires moisture, which can be had by mulching.
for the Many
free by post from our office. It contains plans from which
have the seeds picked off. The other year we noticed
do, only both must
select.
of M. palustrisat Ashridge Park in August ; we noticed, you can
a beautiful border
Mr. Fleming used it largely,and with
however, that it was well watered.
MARANTA
TEKMINALIA
VeITCHII, AND
PANDANUS
ELEGANTiaSIMUS,
at Trentham,
With some
attention the Forget-me-not will last
fine effect,
is propagated by
elegans
(A Many-years Subscriber). The Pandanus
quite as long as Viola cornuta, and the latter will stand longer if fresh
Veitchii. They should be taken off with a fair
also the Maranta
offsets,
planted every year. To continue regular and well it should likewise have
Put
amount
of root,and placed in small pots filledwith sandy compost.
of a dark colour, or if you
are
If your fancy stones
the seeds removed.
off after
them
in a warm
close frame, keep thein moist, and harden them
be unpleasant, with
make them black with a coat of tar, or, if the smell
elegans is increased
by
they have begun to grow freely. Terminalia
beautiful ring inside
lampblack and oil.then you could not have a more
cutting off the growing points,with the base of the cutting firm but not
If the stones are of a light
"of them
than Cerastiuni tomentosum.
hard; insert singly in a small pot placed in one of larger size,
very
whitish colour,then Oxalis corniculata rubra with its dark foliagewould
and
placing it in a hotbed of from 75^ to 85^.
covering with a bell-glass,
look well,with the Pyrethruni inside.
They are all stove plants,and require a compost of two parts loam, one
Bedding
Plants
for
Frame
part leaf soil,and half a part each luoip charcoal
you to
(I.H. M.). We would recommend
part sandy peat, one
with moderate
and
Good
for preserving x)lants
silver sand.
have the floor of the pit or frame
tbrou-^h the winter
drainage is necessary,
pot-room.
ing
have
Water
rather
no
than under
the ground level. We
would
growing, maintaining a moist atmosphere, and shadfreelywhen
a little above
ing
from bright sun.
harm in winter by sendTemperature 60^ to 65^ in winter, 65^ to 70^ at
more
fermenting material beneath ; it will cause
Remove
the
all
the
Walnuts
from
summer.
cannot
in
75^
to
90='
than
it
will
benefit
the
the
heat.
You
by
day
night,
plants by
up damp
husks and store them in layers of dry sand, in a dry cellar.
have anything better for settingyour plants on than dry ashes, and kept
them, and
as
dry as possible by taking your plants out as you water
"c.
Spruce
Picea
with
Pinsapo,
Grafting
nobilis,
(J. D.)." We
They will be a littlesafer as
lettingthem drain before you return them.
of the possibilityof the graft, but we
have
doubt
question its
no
respects the roots if plunged to the surface in cocoa-nut fibre. All the
the
branches
to
or
side
a
s
will
be
use
growing
points
obliged
utility, you
be so kept, and there is no
better plan for
hardier bedding plants may
form
such never
of the Piceas, and
of the side branches
anything but a
A little house that you could go into,with a small flue or
Calceolarias.
them
with
Place the stocks in a cold frame, cover
branch-like tree.
serviceable and economical, as
a hot-water
pipe, would in the end be more
in a cold house will serve
of larger dimensions, or a frame
another frame
for covering are
mats
becoming dearer every year, and one mat will not
the end of August until the scions
Graft from
begin to
just as well.
weather
be sufficient in severe
without litter over the mat.
the best time to graft. Whiten
the
We
consider late in summer
grow.
milk and whiting. Bind with matting and
Heating.an
Aviary
(A Subscriber). We are not quite sure if you wish
glass with a size of skim
Leave the grafts in the frame until the union
with grafting wax.
A
to heat A and c, as well as the glass-covered part e.
small conical
cover
is complete and
the scions
are
growing, then admit air and harden off.
boiler with the fire inside,with indiarubber fasteningsfor the pipes,would
The
former
propagated by layers and suckers.
Lilacs and Syringas are
In all such boilers exposed and
suit you, as you wish all to be moveable.
latter
taken
off and planted now
in spring
the
or
be
and
set aboveground there is a loss of heat, unless there is a non-conducting
made,
may
before they begin to grow.
be higher in the
covering placed over them, and then the pipes must
house.
If against e, you could place a small furnace and one
of Rivera's
Hardiness
Cytisus
of
(Brisbane). You do not say what species it is,
small flat boilers over
kinds
it,you could heat all the places comfortably. For
of the evergreen
used
it is C. racemosus,
or some
but we presume
the
we
would place a brick Arnott's stove in b, and if fed from
named
economy
think it likelyto
we
If it is the kind
for greenhouse decoration.
outside
all the better; it birds are
a.
there, place a wire guard round
be hardy against a west wall. The pot should have enough soil placed
If you want heat in a and c, then have an lb-inch opening at the apex of
with litter. In severe
the rim, and then be mulched
against it to cover
the c roof,and one
close to the floor of each department, and the circulation
periods protectwith mats, removing them whenever the weather is mild.
will be ample, though it would be difficult to heat the wire-covered
weather with the proWe are not certain that it would survive severe
tection
be the simplest plan. An
iron stove may
be used
place. This would
should
named
; and if you do not wish to risk losing the plant,we
instead of brick,but the brick would
be the most
kindly ; and the bricks
all the roots that are beyond the pot, and any
not hesitate to cut away
be
taken
could
An
iron
down, though not so easilyas the iron stove.
it to the greenhouse.
If you
irregularityof growth,and then remove
stove
15 inches square,
with
a
in the centre, and
fireplaceof 9 inches
that
should test its hardiness, for we are convinced
have duplicates we
height of 24 to 30 inches would be ample. It would be best square, so
so-called greenhouse plants are hardy in well-drained soils.
many
that the flat top might have a vessel of water placed upon
it.
can
only account for the seed not
Phloxes
Seed (J. TT.)."We
from
Heating
Small
Greenhouse
(H. G., Chichester)."Use Shrewsbury's
Sow next March
germinating by its being bad, which is often the case.
and
tell him
the size of the
gas apparatus. If you write to the maker
seeds about a quarter of an inch with
in good light loam, covering the
house, "c.,he will inform you of the size and price of the apparatus.
fine soil,water gently,place in a gentle hotbed, and keep just moist.
(J. r"rt)." Use Shrewsbury's gas-heating apparatus.
the seedlings have a pair of
the
Place
the pots near
glass,and when
Workshop
Heating
{An Old Subscriber,Camden
Road).
off in pans at about an inch apart,return them
Being nearly
rouqh leaves prick them
20 feet square, one
large Shrewsbury's gas-heated apparatus would suffice. to the hotbed, and when established harden
them off and plant them out
Tell the maker the size of the workshop.
of doors.
Try again, but with ;fresh seed. Old seed is useless. We do
not credit the assertion you allude to. Supplyingan article is essential
Stove
Slow-combustion
(Amicus). We cannot give you any further
credit.
to a seedsman's
details of the stove you inquire about.
A good Geranium
of the Jean
the finest
Sisley shade of colour in the list we gave last week, is Blazer
Fruits
Apples : 1, Trumpington ; 2,
Names
of
(Cacopoinologist).
of the bright scarlets.
Winter
Golden
3, Marmalade
Pippin; 6, Dutch
Codlin;
Pearmain;
Rats Barking
Fruit
Trees
Greening. Pears :
(F. S.). If you do not wish to destroy 7, Koyal Busset ; 8, Golden Russet ; 9, Yorkshire
the rats,which we presume are water rats,you may dress the stems with
(G.P.Q.)."
10,Napoleon; 11,Doyenne Grisj 13, Princess Charlotte.
your note, we
ehall publish

warn

soon

you

some

Peaches

for

Cool

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

AND

HOETIGUIiTURE

OF

JOURNAL

308

1, Eois Napoleon; 2, EeurreDiel,

Apples: Both numbers
appear
to be Lewis's
Incomparable.
{E. B. B.).~Yqmt Apple is not Catshead,
Lincolnshire
but a good specimen
of Gloria Mundi.
{A. BI , London).
Holland
Esperen; 2, Princeas
Charlotte;
Pippin.
{Isca)."1, Soldat
Blanche
3, BelliBSime d'Hiver ; 4, Dunmore.
{Mrs. Phelps). 1, Reinette
(A. M.)."l, Calebass^
enne
d'Espagne ; 2. Mnrgil ; 3, Norfolk Colman.
; 2, DoyGris ; 8, Bergamotte Cadette ; 4, Brown
Beurre ; 5, Dunmore
;
6, Passe Colmar ; 7, Lady's Fioger. (B. C. Gidlcit)." Through the Pear
not unto Dr. Hogg
instead of to " The Editors," it was
packed
being addressed
rotten
duriuE* his absence, and was
on his return.
{Clay Bank).
{C. B.).
1, Tonneau
Bergamot. {A. B.). Black Hamburgh.
; 2, Hampden's
"4, DncheRse
d'Angouleme, small specimen ; 5, Jersey Gratioli ; 6, Court
des Chameuses;
of Wick;
7. Fondante
Colmar; 11, Beurre
8, Autnmn
Bosc
Seedling ; 15, Baddow
Pippin ; 16,Figue d'Alenc^on;
; 14, Dumelow's
Winter
Pearmain
Grise.
{John
; 19. Reinette
17, VineusG ; 18, Golden
de Menage;
Jewries d: Sons). No. 1, Mere
(James Bickson
2, Duncan.
and Sons).
Harvey's Wiltshire Defiance. {W. W.). 1. Thompson's ; 2,BerPoiteau
Kamotte Cadette ; 3, Belle de Noel ; 5, Beurre Diel ; 6, Nouveau
;
7, Knight's Monarch;
8, Brown
Beurre; 9, Nouveau
Poiteau; 11, Louise
de Prusse ; 12, Beadnell's
Seedling ; 13, Winter N^lis ; 15, Cointe de
de Paris; 25,Calebisse; 28, ConFlandre; 17, Beurre Diel; 22, Comte
seiller de la Cour ; 32, Winter Nelis ; 34, XJrbaniate ; 43, Beurre
des Charneuses; 45,Figue d'Alentjon;46, Jean de Witte; 47, Knight's Monarch;
Russet
Russet
48, Arbre Conrbe.
{Fisherman). 2, Svkehouse
; 3, Roval
;
land
: 4,Hol4, Holland Pippin. {A. M. R.)."l, Cellini ; 3,Winter Hawthornden
Pippin ; 6, Dumelow's
Seedling ; 7, Hawthornden
; 8, Augustus Pearmain.
{B. Qodbold). 1, Passe Colmar; 2, SusettedeBavay ; 3, Fondante
d'Automne
d'Orleans.
d'Hiver; 6, Duchesse
; 4,Urbaniste; 5, Bellissime
The Plum is McLaughlin.
Pears:

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

COTTAGE

[ October

GAEDENEB.

19, 187L

work, or to make serious inroads on that which she has made

it has
perfect. Where it is sought to increase size and weight,
to be done accordingto rule. It has been attempted to increase
in
the body, and to leave all other parts as they were.
Thus
Dorkings 2 or 3 lbs. were to be added to the weight of the body,
ordered the legsshould remain short.
but it was
It could not
take place everywhere, and must
be ; the increase must
be
We
have obtained
the weight,
spread over the whole frame.
in shortness
but we have lost somewhat in symmetry, especially
of legs.
in feather. EnthuIf this be true of size,it is stillmore
so
siasts
have tried to have one
part of the body dark and another
It may not be.
bird.
No greater exploit
was
lightin the same
bright,
ever
performed in the way of feather than that of Sir J. Seor compose
when
he tasked himself to make
the Bantam
and succeeded.
He not only chose his
that bears his name,
order
them
but
he
the
of
named
colours,
; golden or silvei*
feathers delicately
edgedwith black. We have only to do with
feathers,and therefore treat of no other point. It required
delicate handling ; the Black hen was
wanted
to restore and

let alone
she did it,and then the bird was
perfect. The diiEcuUy
year or two, and the lacingbecame
Those who
It would only last a short time.
to keep it so.
have littlo
only know the Sebrightsby seeingthem in perfection
All the
idea what a poor shabbybird it becomes
if left alone.
the comb
is
lacingdisappears,the round tail becomes a sickle,
a singleone, and
the delicate correct lacingis a pieceof patchwork

deepen lacing,and
for

was

Names
Plants
of
(.4pfrio)."
Sasifraga pedatifida. It is not a British
plant, and if you have found it in a wood it must have first escaped from
some
garden. As to the latter part of your inquiry, there are several
of which
other species of dactyloid Saxifrages, several
are
very closely
allied. Examples are S. geranioides, ceratophylla,pedemontana, pentaFilis-mas
{J. C. C. S.). 1, Lastrea
dactylis, capitata, adscendens, "c.
of black and red,with here and there enough of spangling
(typical); 2, L. spiuulosa; 9, L. dilatata; 4, L. remota; 6, L. Filis-mas,
its beingcalled a spangled fowl.
to justify
very young, certainly not L. Oreopteris as supposed, the character of
and
venation separating it ; 3, 5,
7, Athyrium Filix-fcemina ; the last very
As the beards
of fowls are
composed of feathers they come
alpina ; 8, Too
young, the firstthe most typical; 10,Very probably Lomaria
under our notice ; Crfeve-Cceurs,Polands,Houdans, all require
young to be identified ; No. 4 is decidedly a good thing,being in a wild state
It
these appendages,yetthey sometimes
excessively rare, and has only been recorded from one localityin England
appear without them.
It has been
and
in the
(Windermere).
found, however, in Germany
is disqualification
in any competition. What's in a feather ^
United
States.
(O. P.)."2,Meyenia Vogeliana; 3, Gesnera (or Isoloma)
cock
that
is
Much.
The
Eed
Game
seen
Black
finest
ever
was
spicata; 4,Peperomia Saundersii, also known as P. arifolia var. argyrea ;
because two or three brown feathers are discovered
No. 1 was not received.
(2?.B. L).
disqualified
5, Apparently Brugmansia suaveolens.
Onoclea
native of the United States.
{J. W. Abrahams).
aensibilis,
qualified
his breast.
Eed having a black breast is dison
The Brown
1, Ligustrum robustum, native of India, especially southern India and
Then
aad disgracedby the fact of having oae.
mor"
Ceylon; 2, No doubt it is Brugmansia
suaveolens, or an ally,judging
less of brown feathers on the breast of a Grouse Cochin cock
or
from the leaf alone.
(TF*.TF.,Putney)." I, Adiantum
2, A.
cuaeatum;
curvatum.
(ElizabethM. Bance). Your Fern is Nephrolepis exaltata,a
in the colour of a Silver-Grey
The least mistake
disqualify.
plant widely diffused in the tropicsgenerally. Layer any of the "fibrous
Dorking, a black breast in a Golden-spangledHamburgh cook,
pieces" you speak of in small pots, attaching them there by a small
qualification
in either,
all dismossiness
are
clear
hackle
in
a
Silver
a
pullet,
hooked peg or a stone ; allow them to root and get well started into growth
to
undertake
In
before severing them
from the parent plant. We
cannot
and will cost a prize,it may be a silver cup.
florists'flowers,even
in a good state,which
if the specimens are
name
lack the featheringon the
like manner,
if Cochins or Brahmas
not.
{W. B.). Your flower is that of Anemone
pavonina
yours were
legsthey are hopelesslyexcluded from all chance of distinction.
and
France
(Loi8.)totherwise A. fulgens (Dec), native of southern
There
northern Italy.It was
a somewhat
unusual occurrence
for such a plant to
are
degrees in this tyrannicalruling. In the human
to
of the year, we
be blooming at this season
It seems
should suppose.
compounded washes, and the
being leaden combs, skilfully
autumn
have mistaken
weather
for spring time, as your flower appears
increase and
so
various appliancesof an elaborate toilette may
to be quite fresh.
{J.R. Neeve^ Calne). 1, Hypolepis anthriscifolia ;
darken the down that it may do duty for moustache or beard
2, Lastrea dilatata ; 3, Felljea hastata ; 4,Asplenium flaccidum ; 5, Pteris
serrulata var. cristata ; 6, Adiantum
hispidulum ; 7, Lastrea Filix-mas
;
no
but in fowls,judgesare pitiless,
apologywill be admitted for
ceolaria
cretica
alho-lineata ; 9, Not
8, Pteris
recognised. (B. A. "^-)." Calfor deficient
and
"

"

"

"

"

"

chelidonioides,

native

of Peru

and

New

Grenada.

"

H.

B.

K.

(TT.B.)."l, Asplenium flabellifolium ; 2. Pteris biaurita; 3, Thunbergia

grandlflora. {J.Foster,Collumpton). We take your plant to be Cyrtanthera magnifies, more
(Hook.), an oldas Justicia camea
generally known
fashioned favourite in gardens, a native of Brazil. It is only the firstpart
of
Paxton's
Botanical
Dictionary" which
you see advertised for 2s.,not
the whole work.
{Connemara). Your shrub appears to be Calothamnus
quadrifidus,a native of Australia,and frequent in greenhouses at home.
Your
account
of a hedge of it sounds very strange to us ; yet the twig
sent is certainly as named, so
tell.
far as we
the
can
(TT.J^. B.). From
imperfect specimen sent we
can
believe it to be the
only say that we
perennial Sunflower (Helianthus multifloraa plenua).
"

"

"

no
feathering.
excuse
beard,
Instance,the Emu
Feathers,however, have their freaks.
remember
the beautiful
readers
will
of
our
Many
bronze
of Daphne and Apollo. The god is about to put his
hand on her shoulder,but her prayer is heard, the bark is covering
her body, and her fingersare beccming branches ; so the
feathers
Emu
Cochins first bad their tails and flight
changed
after all the feathers disappeared
into hair or silk,and then soon

Cochins.

"

POULTRY,

BEE,

AND

PIGEON

CHRONICLE.

FEATHERS.
It is a remarkable
and linnets
fact,that althongh goldfinches
and that there is no varietyof
produce their absolute fellows,

hen
material.
We had in the same
for the same
to make
room
and perfectCochins.
and from the same
parentsperfectEmus
Another
in feather is,that all cocks of black plumagepeculiarity
saddles,and
are prone to have coloured feathers in their hackles,
sometimes in their wings. This is true of Spanish, Polands,.
Cochins
the
Black
it destroyed
case
with
and was
so constantly
The hens were
the breed.
always black, but the cooks had

mixed
and these after the first moult
white nnder-feathers,
Id
with the outer plumage to the greatdetriment of the breed.
like
breeds where a white feather is'a detriment it comes
many
should
be
certain
and
allowance
hairs
of
to men
a
age,
grey

no
colour,no cloudiness here,no mossing there,no deficiency,
ance
allowin the yard. There is neither pitynor
made
for them
excess, yet in breeding fowls the plumage is not so perfect. In
at the exhibition.
wild birds,again,there is no throwing back.
It may be they
came
originaUyfrom the same, but if so, Nature has forgotten
it,for no trace of the beginning is ever visible.
WORKING-CLASS
POULTRY
PRIZES.
All birds in a state of nature come
so
perfectthat
perfect,
Appealed
to by Mr. L. Wright, I have given some
thought
the most practisedeye can
know
difference ; yet we
detect no
which
that it is not a matter
to me
to this subject. It seems
that fowls can seldom be bred to an
exhibition standard unless
but rather,like
needs
to be met
two yards are
We
by a general subscription,
kept one to breed cocks, the other hens.
We
know
that in Pencilled Hamburghs
prizesfor cottagersat horticultural shows, it is a subjectto be
apeak of feather.
show ; I say town
of each town
and they considered
by the committee
called for in the hens and pullets,
pencilledtails were
artisan,mechanic, or other
were
show, because it is the townsman
time clear hackles were
accomplished,but at the same
that
I
have
in
view.
for
instance,
a dozen
workman
Let,
pens,
the hackle?.
wanted, and when the tails
so were
"

"

pencilled
There is in Nature a sort of
compensation balance," or a
vindication of herself. She will not allow ns to improve her

"

were

"

or
"

be
can
any number, takingwhatever room
Men's Poultry." I would have

Working

spared,be
no

entrance

marked
fee at

AND

HOETIOUIiTURE

OF

JOURNAL

19,1871.]

October

all,but as there might be a glut of valueless birds sent, the

should have power
to admit
oommittee
to, say, their dozen
offered.
pens, the best dozen birds (ooekand hen),that were
not
large sums, and
The prizes should be money,
necessarily
tor's
in addition a framed and glazedcard well gotup with the exhibisecond, or third
name
on, that of the show, and first,
it might be. I plead for the card framed, because I
as

COTTAGE

309

GARDENER.

not only writes from

Ireland, but from western
Isle because
of its
Ireland is called the Emerald
of its
and
its landscapes are
so
green because
greenness,
in
millions.
A
breeds
and
mer
sumdry
humidity
slugs
humidity,
increases them a
in England thins the slugs,a damp one
"

H.

C."

Galway

thousandfold ; but in Ireland,Galway lying to the Atlantic,

St.
abundant
wonder
there is an
no
crop of slugs there.
"
the sarpints from "ould Ireland," but he
his
know
such gives a man
cottage, Patrick charmed
pleasure to hang up in
into the good reallyshould be woke up again to drive away the slugsfrom
and the money
could be put by the husband
wife's hand
Perhaps there Galway. However, as the saint is not likelyto be of any more
towards something most wanted.
in this world, I will tell " H. C." how to clear his garden
the landlord frowns about that 10s. use
is a small doctor's bill,
or
be
of slugs. Get a barrowf al of cabbage leaves,
the thing could soon
sure
I am
laythem overnight
left of last
rent.

prize

"

quarter's
try,and

box edgings and wherever

to dwell.
slugs delight
morning and gatherup the leaves,and you will find
the
slugs and snails under each leaf. Repeat this process
of slugs
leaves will do" for a few nights,and
the take
same
COCHIN-CHINAS.
SILVER-BUFF
in my
the limitations I have made
will be great. Under
and not kept in too greatnumbers, I am
In one of your replies
quite
to correspondentsyou write,evidentlyformer
article,
the
do much
in a
that Bantams
more
to some
good than harm
sure
person desirous of learning into what varieties
such
BufE Cochin-China
thing as
fowl sports, There is no
garden.
all
tried
and
the
of
the
f
ound
who
have
that
I
have
that
I
admit
language
people
Silver-BufE." Now,
readily
generally
ing
then given up Bantams, have in their gardena nagging workfanciers is inaccurate ; that in describingtheir pets they use
is always abusing the little things (thebest
phrases and compound words that Dr. Johnson would shudder
man, who
Sebright I ever bred was killed by such a man), and then for
at; but why "Silver-Buff" should be tabooed and "Silver-

done

; let Bristol

WiLISHIEE

I be there to

may

see

the result.

"

singly near
Go

EeCIOK.

in the

"

"

"

"

the sake of peace master or mistress gets rid of the birds instead
it is difficultto see, and you allow
Cinnamon " be admitted
Hamburgh,"
caused a lady friend of mine to
like " Silver-spangled
of the man.
One
Silver-Cinnamon ! Both epithets,
such man
Silver varieties of send away
Pigeons (s/iori-beak
Silver SebrightBantams,"
some
high-class Tumbler
"

"

what no human
speech can
Tumblers, mark you), because they opened and shelled his
scribegreen peas ; the real culpritswere
the jays,which he did not
fullyexpress, an idea of one phase of natural beauty. To deThese men
have a
have
borrowed
a
fanciers
phor
metashade
of
one
colouring,
get up earlyenough to kill or drive away.
silver. In both
from gold ; to describe another, from
born hatred to poultry.If " H. C." had a heap of dry earth
would not have burrowed
his Bantams
as he
the epithet
oases
corner
gives but a shadow of the truth; but the in a warm

Pigeons,"are attempts to

convey,

to each other, describes.

fanciers,
simple folk,are content,and intelligible
be kept profitably
for
When
and I do not see why they should not be.
Devon
can
inquires if Bantams
you have
culty laying. I answer, Certainly.Game
Bantam
the ground colour termed
pulletsare as good
once
seen
gold," you have no diffiBlack-breasted
Red
Game
in understandingwhat a Golden varietyis like,and so it as Hamburghs
or
pullets,which I
is with "silver." When
the compound
"Silver-Cinnamon"
have found
equal to Hamburghs as winter layers. Game
it
delicate
has once
described
Bantams
been heard, and the feathering
by
seen,
are certainlynot
; but, perhaps, Devon
of the
far as Game.
there is no difficulty
in understanding what sub- variety
so
might prefer Blacks,which do not wander
less.
Cinnamon-coloured is Bantams
Cinnamon-coloured Cochin is intended.
may be fed as other fowls,only they need much
a
on
metaphor which explains itself. Silver-Cinnamon was a For more
feedingvide my article of Jaly 6th. The warmer,
and
cold
weather.
Silver in reason, they are kept, the better they lay in
good suggestionby some
person, familiar with Gold
Hamburghs or Bantams, who wanted to describe that sub- WiLTSHIEE ReOIOE.
Cinnamon
P.S.
Since writing the above I chanced to sit next to an
varietywhich always makes its appearance
among
mon
like the CinnaI surprisedhim
where
the neck,back, and tail are
Irishman
at dinner.
birds i.e.,
by asking, Is Galway
and legsare French white.
After explainingmyself, he said that
famous
for slugs?
parents; but the breast, fluff,
breed
we
variation
when
to
there
in
the
the
occurs
west
was
try
probablyan unusual supply of
Now, precisely same
being
Pallets will those slimy pesta. W. R.
the different shades of Orange or Lemon-Baff.
white ;
have the breast,legs,and fluff French
appear which
whilst neck, back, and tail are of different shades of yellow.
BROOD.
FOUL
for
there
is
be
such
Silver-Cinnamons
called,
pulletscannot
This
feather on them which resembles the brown or chestnutnot one
disease,of which so much has been written in this
in England,
the birds not be
eoloured bark of the cinnamon
Journal,appears to be comparativelylittleknown
; why should
to have
called Silver-Baff?
enough in other countries. It seems
They are entitled to the moiety Buff, although common
and
to have
of
shades
in
the
United
States
of
different
America,
because their hackles,saddles,and quillsare
spread largely
I must
found its way into Canada.
should
the other moiety. Silver,be denied to
happilyprofessmyself to
of Baft". Why
keeper
them, when it is granted to their congeners who bear exactly be totallyunacquainted with it,nor do 1 know a singlebeeof my acquaintanceout of Exeter who has had practical
relation in colour to their Cinnamon
the same
parentswhich
be
It
would
not
who
has
the
fell
disease.
uninteresting
ever
experienceof
these do to their Buff ancestors ? Surely anyone
if we could obtain returns from different partsof England and
that birds with whitish
knows
Been
a
Birmingham Show
bodies and yellow necks do occur.
Why should they not be Scotland,so as to ascertain whether this pest is on the increase.
in Britain ? Did it
Who
tell how long it has been known
can
called Silver-Baff? Silveb-Buff.
to have
in with the Italian or Ligurian bees ? for it seems
come
been long known
in Italy.Every reader of Virgilis acquainted
GARDENS.
BANTAMS
VERSUS
with the minute
account this poet gives of a disease which
It has been
in his time.
to have been not uncommon
H. C, Galway," had not an attack of seems
I AM afraid that
fever,only what looked like it. Clearlyhe supposed he was describingthe dysenterywhich has long been
genuine Bantam
foul brood
been
have
but
it
known
fatal
to bees,
to be
may
expectedan alteration oif nature, and that he should have a
of soda
breed of fowls not granivorous chieflyand carnivorous
Among remedies hyposulphite
tially,which he had in mind.
parused in Canada for the cure
but the reverse.
to appears to have been successfully
Now, I cannot warrant Bantams
of the complaint, but for my own
devour heaps of slugs,but this I say, that under the limitations
part I should be disposedto
I mentioned in my article of June Ist,1871, they do infinitelybreakup and burn every hive which I found affected."B. " W.
sure
more
good in a garden than harm ; and add to this the pleasuch
of keeping them, and, the eggs,
eggs, too, so
"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

Writing
mentioned
a

this Journal as far back as December, 1862, I who

that I caughta brood of half-grownBlacks clearing

in

I have also been followed all

mignonette bed of caterpillars.
garden by a lot of chickens which eagerlydevoured

round the
the green

fiies brushed

off and

shaken

from

my

rose

trees.

in
Certainly,too, I know that by constantlyhaving Bantams
garden, it is kept wonderfullyclear of all insect pests.

if a person
In Brittany,
Fkance.
in
Sdterstitions
ately,
has his Mves robbed,he gives them up immediThis idea
succeed afterwards.
can
because they never
arises from an old Breton proverb,which says, being translated,
"
But why the whole weightof the
No luck after the robber."
proverb is made to fall on the bee hives,it might be difficultto
determine.
In other partsof France they tie a small pieceof
black stuff to the bee hives,in case of a death in the family
;
Bee

snperexcellent.

keeps bees

"

JOUKNAL

310

HORTICULTURE

OF

and a pieceof red on the occasion of a marriage without

thrive.
it is believed,
the bees would never
"

LETTER

OUR

which,

BOX.

AND

COTTAGE

[ October

GARDENER.

19, 1871.

in
others, board and post together. Bees, after some
days' confinement
to make
a fresh reconwet or frosiyweather, are
easilymoved, and seem
We
naissance
of their hives.
should place the bees (boards and
hives)
on
straw in a light spring cart, carefully stopping up the
as they are
less jolting the
The
entrances, and walk them the whole six miles.
better.

Grubs
in
Cosnj {W. L.)."The grubs you mention
are
probablythose
moth.
We would examine
the hive itself,driving the bees up
wax
few in number
with a little smoke.
If tbe bees are
the combs
among
POULTRY
Mr. Samwaj's Bantama
"which obtained and the traces of wax
Wells
Show.
TcTNERiDGE
moth considerable,we should advise you to destroy
the second prize at the above
Show
Black Red Game, not
were
the hive, as you think of doing. But it may
be tbe grubs have only found
stated.
Black
as
Bantams
In this case
their way
into the super.
we
should certainlynot destroy
from
the
the combs
the hive, but content
ourselves with clearing away
Light
Brahmas
Hackle
of
{M. D.). Perfectly white hackles would
is not likelyto attack the neighbouring hives,
moth
The wax
be a serious objection if brought into competition with pencilled ones.
super.
unless
they happen to be weak in bees ; but we should lake care to allow
Becoming
Blind
Fowls
(C.B.)." Your fowls have the roup. Formerly
no
empty combe to litterabout to tempt them to breed and multiply.
considered very contagious. It is not so now
it was
will catch it,
; some
their houses, cleanse
them
but all "will not.
Lime-white
scrupulously,
waeh their faces with cold water and vinegar, feed on bread and ale,and
OBSERVATIONS,
METEOROLOGICAL

Books

{W. S.). Eatou'a

book

"

Standard

is out

[A Beader)."HeBsrs.

of print.

"

Groombridge

of the

Sons.

"

"

give Baily'spills.
Lat. 51" 32' 40"

N. ;

London.
0^ 8' 0" W. ; Altitude 111 feet.

Square,

Camden

Poultry
Feeding
Your
{A. S. L. JU".)."
feeding is very bad. Alter it
day,
at midall. Give ground oats in the morning, whole corn, barley,or maize
If
but no oats,an d again in the evening ground oats slaked with water.
in lieu of the mid-day meal.
you have table and kitchen scraps, give them
If your neighbours fed as you did,we
do not wonder
illthey had the same
Have
food ?
fortune.
they a supply of green
your fowls grass ? Have
If not, give it to them.
a
inches deep ;
Give them
huge sod, cut many
you will see them eat it all. It will be to them at first like the one day's
trees to the 7240 children of
fresh air and the one
good dinner
among
not
canand carried out in October"
St. Magnus Parvus, advertised in June
have
enough of it.

Long.

(A.F. B.).~lt is believed the prois the best table fowl, and
The Dorking should
fowl for food.
The
cock.
predominate ; put them up then
Dorking pulletsand Brahma
of constitution.
first will give delicacy of flesh and flavour,the second hardness
Brahmas
and
Dorkings
Crossing
dace takes more
after the hen.
The
is to make
intent of the cross

the

Dorking

"

Brahmas
Feeding
(TT. H. D.)." You will find the Brahmas
hearty
feeders, not so hearty as the Cochins, but they will make
you a good
for the food they consume.
return
in the
Give them
morning ground
with water, at mid-day house
oats mixed
ing
scraps of any kind, in the evenground oats again. You say they have limited space, and you want
not
be persuaded to use
stimulants.
They do mischief and
eggs. Do
notbing else. Supply your birds with lots of road grit; give them large
growing sods ol grass, cut them with plenty of earth. Whatever
you
in lumps, and let the birds scatter it. While
they
give,throw it down
are
scratching and watching they find food that costs you littleor nothing.
If you begin to give stimuiatiug food you will spoil the fowls, be they

REMARKS.
11th.
12th.

Cold,dull,uncomfortable
day, though without rain.
wards,
Very fine in the early part of the day, and moderately so afterImt foggy at night.
ISth. First white frost seen
here this season
; hazy morning and eTening,
but fine between, and warmer.
14th. White fog,clearing off by 11 a.m., and very fine after.
15th." Foggy morning and evening, and rather
all day, thougt
sionally
occaso
bright.
so
ever
good.
16th." Rather foggy all day. ivith a littlerain and great dampness.
of
Legs
Japanese
Banta^is
(H.)." The legs should be so short,and
17th. Dull morning, very fine afterwards, and so warm
to be rather
as
the wings should be carried so low down, that the former
should ha invisible.
Rain at midnight.
oppressive. Overcast at 10 p.m.
They should, nevertheless,not be booted.
Although very littlerain has fallen tbe week
has been
very damp, the
Crooked-breasted
air being saturated
on
three mornings {13th,14th, and 15th), at 9 a.m. and
Brahma
{J. R. L.). A crooked breast is only a
at several other times.
cock ; it is a disadvantage in any
The uniformity in the maximum
positive disqualificationin a Game
temperatures
other.
It is a disputed point whether the breast of a Brahma
G. J. Symons.
cock should
of those dajs is alao striking."
be black or speckled. We lean in favour of the latter.
"

"

"

"

"

"

Colour

Creve-Cceurs
of
The
Creve-Cceur
is accepted in
{G. JIf.)."
do not think
the
we
Cinder (?) Creve-Cceur
as a black fowl, and
have a chance against them.
They must go to the "refuge for the
destitute and friendless,"
the Any other variety class.

COVENT

England
would

"

Fowls
that
have

every

Turning
is either
appearance

Remove

cause.

some

Black

thing
(A.D.). Your fowls get at somedeath.
injurious as to cause
Tiiey
the former
description of dying from
of them, and see if they suffer when
they are elee-

from

Dying

and

poisonous

or

"

so

your

where.
Aylesbury
Ducks
(S. B. S.)."There is no Grey
The pure bird was
always white. Grey Aylesbury is an

Aylesbury

This

GARDEN

MARKET."

October

18.

again received

heavy supplies of Apples and Peara

the Channel
Islands, notwithstanding which,
fair prices,and stands of good descriptions
home-grown fruit commands
are
goods, also, have been freely offered,such
easilycleared. Auction
the Opuntia, and Almiera Grapes, the latter not being
as Nuts, Lemons,
last season.
so good as they were
Agriculturalreports state that Potatoes
are
much
diseased in some
parts ; good qualitiesmaintain prices.
both

week

from

have

we

France

and

Duck.
s. d.

invention.

Dorking
Cockerel
of
{J. J. IF.)."The weight (9 lbs. at five
for a biid of that age, and far above
months
old),is enormons
anything
have ever
seen
in Silver-Greys. We
should almost doubt his being
we
Silver-Grey. Look closely. Is there no suspicion of white on any part of
illsbreast ; no white shade in his tail ; no straw hackle ? We advise you,
if you have any doubt as to his colour,not to run
the risk of bis being
disqualifiedas a bird of plumage, but, if all be well with him, to put him
in general competition.
Weirht

i sieve

Apples

doz.
lb.
Cherries
Chestnuts
bushel
Currants
i sieve
Black
do.
doz.
Figs
FUberta
lb.
lb.
Cobs
lb.
Grapes, Hothouse....
Gooseberries
quart
Lemons
^100
each
Melons

Apricots

Worms
in
Fowls
no
(W. C. D.). We know
vermifuge ao strong as
camphor, and therefore advise you to administer it freely to such of your
fowls as suffer like the deceased.
Dose, two pieces the size of a garden
to some
They must have access
pea.
very improper food, as these worms
the colour of them ?
was
can
only be taken in the state of larvre. What
the gizzard.
It is evident they were
not developed tillthey reached
doz.
Articbokea
Fahtail
Pigeons
at the Crystal Palace
Show
are
^noo.
(Fantail). Why
Asparagus
Beans, Kidney....* sieve
prizes of "2, "1, and 10". offered for all varieties except White Fantails ?
buBhel
Broad
These have only 80*. as a firstprize.
doz.
Red
Accidents
(Ellen).-~We are very glad that you have asked the question, Beet,
bundle
Broccoli
is a book"
a
for there
should
waletcoat-pocket book, which every one
Brussels
Sprouts..4 sieve
Sraee's
"Instructions
for Prompt Treatment
have
of Accidents."
doz.
Cabbage
Abe
Ligurian?
Bees
these
(H. B. C). The bees sent are certainly CapBicums
^100
not at all Ligurian, but that does not prove
bunch
that your stock or queen
is
Carrots
Cauliflower
doz.
not of pure blood.
It is the common
practice of those apiarians who
bundle
Celery
send out Ligurian stocks to make
up their chief population by the aid of
Coleworts..
doz. bunches
sealed
brood comb, or of adult bees of the ordinary variety. As these die
each
Cucumbers
ont their place will be filled by the pure progeny of the Italian mother.
...doz.
pickling
When
the first batch of brood from
takes wing from
the present queen
Endive
doz.
the hive, you will be able to ascertain
whether your bees are pure bred or
Fennel
bunch
otherwise.
As you do not say when
Garhc
lb.
first received
you
your stock, we
Herbs
bunch
cannot
tell whether you ought to be able to see young
bees this season,
Horseradish
bundle
if you will have to wait until spring. We
or
do not know from whom
you
obtained your
so-called Ligurian stock, but we
believe that you may
depend on obtaining a genuine ariicle from Messrs. Neighbour.
"

"

B.

0to4
0
0

B. d.

Mulberries

Oranges
Peaches

Pears, kitchen
dessert

PineApples
Plums

e.

OtoO
0 24
0
0
0 12

d
0
0
0
0

"Walnuts
ditto

3
lb. 0
lb. 0
doz.
0
bushel
10
^IMOO 1

Leeks

bunch

Strawberries

Quinces

VEGETABLES.

d.
4

d.

S.

too
0

Lettuce
doz.
Mushrooms
pottle
" Cress, .punnet
Mustard
Onions
doz. bunches
per

pickling

quart

doz.

bunches
bundle
doz.

Savoys

-.

Spinach
Tomatoes

Turnips
Vegetable

MARKET."

No great change. Game

is becoming
effect on poultry. If the weather become
an
improvement in prices.

1
2
0

bushel
do.

Rhubarb
Sea-kale
Shallots

too

8
0
a

doz.

Peas
Potatoes

Kidney
Radishes.,

s.

quart
sieve

Parsley
Parsnips

"

POULTRY

8
0
6
2
2

J sieve

Raspberries

"

Removing
Bees
Distance
a
to
lE. S. Tiddeman)."
We -would advise
bees till after the first cold or frosty weather
you to defer moving your
in November, except, perhaps, the one
of which have the combs fallen on
the bottom board ; but we should try to move
this bodily along with the

lb.
doz.
^100
doz.
doz.
doz.
lb.

Nectarines

basket
lb.
bushol
doz.
bunch
Marrows.
.doz.

OCTOBEB

18.

plentifnl,and

has

dry and colder,we

some

may

little

expect

October

JOURNAL

25, 1871. ]

OP

HOETICaLTURE

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

3U

If there are three,place

these in each potare not too many.
and if four,in a square, as far apart as
them in a triangle,
with the tuber an inch or two clear of the side of
possible,
E are rapidly
ment
the pot. Afterwards fill up each pot with the sand, and,
approachingthe commencecool
of the forcingseason, and perhaps without watering,place the pots side by side in some
it is unnecessary for me
from frost. If the
to remind all those
house or pit,where they will be secure
shoot
who have any forcingto do that every
before pottingthey wiU soon
Potatoes have sprouted
preparationshould be made without delay. up throughthe sand, and may then have abundance of
The most
successful are generally
those lightand air,regulated
accordingto the weather. In a
who have well matured
be taken to any moderately-heated
their plans,and
few days the pots may
who have everythingin a fitstate for use.
structure, such as a vinery or Peach house, and watered
In this and subsequent papers I purpose
the roots appear above the soil,
as they requireit. Should
relating
experience in the forcingof as is not unlikelyif the house is kept moist, a top-dressing
my
such vegetablesas are most in demand in the springwhen
oughtto be given,and as the haulm gainsstrengththe plants
should be taken not
other vegetablesare not plentiful.I shall therefore begin \\illbear more
heat ; but greatcare
the
with
Potato, because it is in generalrequest,and is to force them too severely,which is easilydone in the
looked
ruined.
for
be
in its young
interest
state with more
of the Potato, and the crop vriil
always
case
and
than any other vegetable.
mode
is preferred
of pot-culture
Another
by some,
The Potato is capable of being forced in a varietyof it has its advantages where
space cannot be allowed
of largepots" it is that of
preferto force it in pots or boxes in a vinery at first for storinga number
ways ; some
Peach
house ; others grow it successfully
or
in pits or
potlingthe tubers shigly in small pots, and afterwards
frames on hot dung beds ; but whichever way be chosen, transferring
them to the'large
pots above alluded to. In
instead of one,
the selection of sound well-ripened
tubers of a good sort tliiscase there is the labour of two pottings
is the most essential point I believe many
sorts have
but I have been unable to discover that it is of any benefit
been tried,some
of them more
account
of the size of to the crop, as some
assert it is. On the other hand, when
on
their tubers than anything else ; but to produce,regardlessthe Potatoes are to be forced on the plantmg-out
system on
of the variety,
the largestPotatoes
within a given time
advantage to be gainedby placing
dung beds, there is some
ought not to be the aim of the Potato-forcer ; he should the tubers hi small pots,as above described,if the plants
strive by selection and cultural treatment
to get in as short are kept in the pots long enough to form j'oung Potatoes
time as possiblea fair-sized well-proportioned
a
Potato, before transferrmgto the frames. The advantage in this
those
somewhat dry and floury.For the attainment of this case
as
soon
fit for use
as
is that the tubers are
objectthere are not, in my opinion,for very earlyproduction,
grown in pots, but the crop is no better. I have grown
any better kinds than the old Ashleaf and Myatt's them in both ways at the same
time, and with this result.
Prolific,
because
as
they are both short-toppedsorts, and mature
For the first crop I preferpot-culture" firstly,
themselves early.
be
the tubers become fit for use early,and the pots can
The next important pointis the soil,
occasion
not so much
another
as regards transferred from one
as
requires;
placeto
its qualities
and composition,
as
the ripeningprocess, so necessary to a forced
securing it early, and, secondly,
and packing it under cover
before the autumn
rains come
under control. This ripeningPotato, is more
thoroughly
I remember
their
that the very firstday I entered a garden oft'should commence
on.
when the tubers have completed
to work, my
first task was
more
air,keeping a drier
collectingand storingsoil growth by our giving gradually
for Potato-forcing.
If only
That was
at Chilstone Park, in Kent, atmosphere,
and by degrees withholdingwater.
where the firstcrop was always plantedin 12 or 14-incli
ward
at first,
a few of the most forpots part of the crop be required
in the following
from
and the yield
manner
:
well cleaned,
Every pot was
pots can be selected for ripening,
a largepieceof broken
be
sand
used,
as
If
is generally
pot placed at the bottom, and the pot-culture
satisfactory.
pot half-filledwith leaves,not thoroughlydecayed, but recommended, the Potatoes will turn out clear-skmned and
to form a rootingmedium
so
sufficiently
is a good time
for the tubers, good in colour. The middle of December
and to secure
drainage. Some may say, Why not place to start the first crop, and every succeedingcrop should be
more
one.
drainageat the bottom of the pot, and leaf mould plantedaccordingto the demand for the preceding
instead of decayed leaves ?
heat of
This would certainly
be easy
If Potatoes are
grown in dung beds, a bottom
but
to do,
the objectis to allow the Potatoes every inch of 00" is
very suitable ; and while the bed is being prepared,
and
if
much space be taken up bj'the drauirootingspace,
heat by placingsingle
I like to start the tubers in a gentle
of tubers layersof them in boxes, and coveringthem with about an
age there will not be enough for the number
and roots are
placedin the pot. Coarse grittysand, or if such is not inch of soil ; their eyes then break regularly,
to be easilyobtained,
road-drift should be collected during produced thicldy,
that when planted
so close to the Potatoes
the summer
equal proportionof the out these can be taken up with a trowel and transferredto
; and to this add an
soft sand of the locality,
the colour not being a matter of the frame without a check.
It is not advisable to use a
importance. After mixingthem togetheradd a layerof the great depth of soil in the frame at first,I would rather
mixture 2 inches deep on the top of the leaves,and on this add soil to the surface as the plantsrequireit,usingalways
plantthe tubers. I have found that three or even four of an open gritty
soilpressed
moderatelyfirm. A foot between
FOKCING

VEGETABLES,"

THE

No.

1.

POTATO.

"

"

"

No. 062." Vol. XXI., New

Seeies.

No.

1204." Vol.

XL VI., Old

Seeies.

JOUKNAIi

312

OF

HOETICULTUEE

AND

COTTAGE

[ October 26, 1871.

GAEDENEB.

safe distances
store of young root-suckers laid up in the hard knob root.
the rows, and about 8 inches apart in the row, are
With
Manetti
stocks it is different ; they are all raised by
sparinglyat all times,parat which to plant. Water
ticularly
of the crop, otherwise,instead of
of the nurseryman,
the finishing-ofi
cuttingsunder the care
on
generallyhave
the same
treatment, and have plenty of fibrous roots.
having a firm-fleshed Potato of good flavour,you will have a much
flavour.
Thomas
Eeookd.
throw
never
without
but only push shoots from
They
root-suckers,
soft and soapy one
up
dormant
eyes at the base ; if these eyes are properlycut out at
shoots from the Manetti to
plantingtime there will be no more
ROSES.
ABOUT
OPINIONS
trouble the Eose-grower. I have not bad to cutaway more
than
to compare
opinions with regard to half a dozen Manetti shoots from six hundred plantsthis year,
It is always interesting
periences whereas
a few dwarf standards
which I have some
Bourbons,
on
Eoses ; and for the sake of inducing others to give their exhave furnished on an average from five to seven
suckers each,
of this year some
correspondentshave alreadydone
Mr.
A.
H.
F.
Essex
to
be
W.
or
but
which
be
Bav.
P.,
out
the
Eadolyffe
pulled
out,
can
never
;
permanently
;
so, as
offer a few more
It is got rid of without lifting
remarks.
and replanting,
it then.
even
Kent, and others, and I now
Besides the twelve Eoses I have named, I should add Abel
the beat twelve Eoses, as
in my
opinion very difficultto name
Ducher, Berthe Baron
in naming only twelve it would be necessary, I think,to give Grand, Adolphe Brongniart, Antoine
I will endeavour
to do so,
(rathertoo like Abel Grand),Boule de Neige, Centifoliarosea.
the best in each shade of colour.
to
the
and
Countess
dark
Oxford
the
of
shading
light.
an
Eoses,
Eose, which I
undeniably good new
beginning with
the firsttwelve if I had not confined myself
1, Xavier Olibo ; 2, Pierre Notting ; 3, Charles Lefebvre ; 4, should put among
Hopper; 7, as to colour Devienne
Alfred
; 6, John
Lamy, Dr. Andry, Due de Cazes,Due
Colomb; 5, Marie Baumann
Eothschild ; de Eohan, occasionallysplendid; Duke of Wellington,nearly
Cfecilede Chabrillant ; 8, La France ; 9, Baroness
fitfor the firsttwelve ; Duke of Edinburgh, very fine in point of
Vidot ; 11, Gloire de Dijon ; 12, Marfiebal Niel.
10, Madame
Of these Xivier Olibo is hardly free enough in growth,but it colour,but nearlyalways quartered,and soon gone by ; Dupuyshade
Pierre
in
its
of
colour.
finest
as
Jamain, very promising, very free-blooming,and of a pure
is decidedlythe
yet
direct sun,
it burns.
as
C. Crapelet,but not quitefull
bright colour like old Madame
Notting requires protectionfrom
of the hardiest
as
one
still keeps its position
enough ; Edward
Morren, a good Eose, but I have not yet seen
"Charles Lefebvre
in
Alfred Colomb, omitted
its claim to the first prize at the Exposition Universelle
at
useful Eoses
and most
grown.
"
of the
one
Paris,and I do not understand its being named
as
P.'a " list,
is,takingit alland all,the best Eose ; and the next
running it a very close race, and drawing first twelve ; Elie Morel ; Emilie Hausburg, an undoubtedly
is Marie Baumann,
of colour,only a shade lighter
good Eose. very fine form ; Fisher Holmes ; Fran";oisLa; its fault is
very near it in point
is too weak, and the bloom generallyhangs oharme
flower-stem
Ledechaux, an exquisitelycoloured Eose,
; Henri
that the
it makes
plenty of growth. John Hopper
giving me the impressionit is a seedlingof Jules Margottin
itshead ; with me
crossed with Victor Verdier ; Horace
Vernet ; La Brillante ;
to need any remark, except that many
is too well known
might not think its shape good enough for the first La Duchesse de Morny, which runs a near race for the first
persons
twelve,a very soft pleasing cerise colour,with fine depth of
It has been everywheregood this year, and is more
twelve.
a
other variety. I especiallyremember
La Ville de St. Denis,
petal,and good shape; Lady Suffield,
constant than any
not
which
at
Lord
Mr.
Mitchell,
Manchester,
only
Boutin ; Madame
Caillat, a very
shown
Macaulay, Madame
bloom
by
fine Eose, and as yet distinct ; Madame
CMmence
Joigneaux,
was
splendidin point of colour, but was not to be beaten
La
de Chabrillant still holds its own.
glorious foliage
Kncrr, Madame
in shape. Comtesse
Creyton,Madame
; Madame
duced,
bloomer
of any Eose yet introVictor Verdier,
Thgrese
Liaband, Madame
is the most perpetual
Levet, Madame
Trance
stand
Mdlle. Eupfenie Verdier,Mdlle. Marie Eady, Marguerite de St.
not even
exceptingGloire de Dijon,and I cannot underthe
should
it
to
de
consign
conservatory, Amand, Marquise
Mortemart, Marquise de Castellane,
why Mr. Eadclyffe
twelve plants of any variety, Madame
Woolfield,
Neman, Monsieur Paul Neron, Monsieur
as I will undertake, given six or
Nardy Fieres,Paul Verdier,Prince de Portia,Princess Mary of
oftener to pick good Eoses for the table from La Prance than
of the blood of the old
It has some
other Eose.
Cambridge, Senateur Vaisse, Vicomte Vigier,Victor Verdier,
from
any
in
Victor le Bihan, Virginal. Bourbons
Baron Gonella,Louise
China
Monthly, as may be seen by noticingthe manner
shoots.
Baroness
Celine
Noisettes
which the young wood pushes from growing
Margottin, and Souvenir de Malmaison.
its
beautiful
Eose
of
and
is
and
colour,
quite Forestier,Climbing Devoniensis,
Triomphe de Eennes.
Eothschild is the most
of petal. It With Teas I have not much
experience,and will leave them to
unequalledboth in size, form, and smoothness
than one bud on a
teresting
init rarelyhas more
has one greatadvantage
your other correspondents who have latelygiven us some
Vidot I should not have put into the listexcept
and able remarks
C. P. Peach.
them.
on
Madame
stem.
P.S.
Since writingthe above notes on
Eoses I have read
for the sake of the colour, as there is no pure white good enough
"
Baronne
de Maynard and
J. B.'s"
the first twelve.
the remarks
of " J. B., Darlington,"and " A. C."
to name
among
take
cannot
rank
in
the north of England very nearly corresponds
among
experience
Bonle de Neige,though good Eoses,
Madame
Vidot is most
beautiful,
but, with mine ; the only difference is,I retain Ceoile de Chabrillant
those I have named.
quise
When
Vidot instead of Madame
Victor Verdier and Marcaught in perfection,as Capt. and Madame
alas ! diffionltto grow.
note
of it. Gloire de Dijon I am
de Mortemart.
a
Madame
Victor Verdier is undoubtedly
Cuttle would
say, make
is far
in stands
and Alfred Colomb
good, hut not sufficiently
stillfaithfulto,and though rarelyshown to perfection
distinct,
it is a fine spring and autumn
shade of colour.
superiorin the same
Marquise de Mortemart
of cut Eoses daring summer,
dame
Mathe
best
than
climber
to
will
I
constitution
not, think, prove any stronger in
Eose, and an undeniable grower, certainly
Vidot, and it is certainlynot so finelyshaped,as it opens
house with either a S.E., or S. to W. aspect. My
a
cover
in hope that
too flat. I am
J. B." has underrated
No. 12, Maieohal Niel,is in favourable situations magnificent, much
Countess of Oxford, as a stand of twenty-fourblooms
the finest yellowEose ever
yet introduced.
put up
and certainly
Van
that Louis
Houtte
I agree with Mr. Eadclyfie,
(La- by Messrs. Paul " Son at Manchester were nearlyas fine as any
weak
besides
a
which the
grower,
twenty-fourI have ever seen, except twenty-fourof Baroness
oharme) is likelyto be too
in hopes that Marquise de MorteI am
Eothschild
and the same
Furtado. I am
number
of Madame
flower is too small.
the
established
on
it
afraid Homere
when
will
Manetti,
as
will be too delicate for the north of England. I
succeed
will
mart
add these few lines to what I have alreadysaid,as I have rarely
roots as well.
then get on to its own
faith in the
read any notes on Eoses that I could more
has added still further to my
thoroughly endorse.
This summer
As to "A. C.'s" remarks
the premier Eose
at Nottingham,
on
Manetti stock for the permanent Eose garden. Many of my
and
half
jured,
inthe
more
than
snow
I may say, as one
to
line,
of the Judges, we were
not at liberty
plants were cut down to
beneath
the
shoots
from
and
made
choose
the
from
the
have
all
is
soil,
stands in the tent,as
but all
case,
generally
G
feet
of
is
4
to
wood
and
made
from
in
as
have
whenever
be
done
a
strong
prize
all
to
young
my opinion ought
nearly
that I out down
to only two eyes have
offered for the premier bloom at a show ; and in this case there
Some
the base.
from
pushed from below the ground, and have made as good plants were several blooms of La France much finer than the Duke of
and for exhibition purposes, I Edinburgh shown
On a strong Rose soil,
We had, however,
by Messrs. Paul "" Son.
as any.
to select from singlespecimens staged by growers for the purpose
do not deny tliatthe Dog Eose is the best stock,but the Dog
the
which
are
equal
unof
was
bud,
very
on
Eoses
nurserymen
competing for the prize,and the competition
very
(Briars)
of different
close indeed, Duke
account of its
in point of merit, for besides the number
of Edinburgh winning on
cut
fresh colour.
would have beaten it if
kinds of Dog Eoses which may be used as stocks,they are
Marquise de Mortemart
with very little it had not been too flat,
a very near
and President (Tea)run
out of the hedgerows by the dozen or hundred
the roots are often sadly damaged to begin with.
The Duke, shown
race.
at Nottingham, though very fine,was
care, and
and
all
contain a plen- certainly
nearly
Some, too, are old,others young,
by no means perfectin shape. It is a very good-oon-

tiful

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

JOURNAL

314

comparedwith its summer

OF

appearance, not

HORTICULTURE

AND

COTTAGE

darlc,firmer,yet fine

GARDENER.

[ October

26, 1871.

Nectarine.
This has two faults the fruit is deficient of flavour,
and the tree is more
liable to mildew than any other I know.
many
years ago
I would rather be without it in the orchard house, but we have
The
Scott,but this is pale and soft,yet largeand a good cropper.
not as yet another to replaceit. As soon
mildew
as
appears
nest best cropper is Swainstone's Seedling
; this is very hue, rather
of flowers of sulphur amongst the trees with a
throw
a cloud
pale,and rather soft,but of good flavour. From May Queen one may
this
distributor
will
check
its progress.
well
When
eiiectually
;
alwaysobtain a crop ; the berryis small and soft,but of good colour.
this is a fair-sized good-lookingfruit,and it hangs well
From
Black Prince,too, can be obtained,not a largecrop, but berries grown
the tree after it is ripe. Rivers's Orange Nectarine
on
has
Geoege
Lee."
of good colour and firm.
been particularly
fine this year, and was the next to ripen after
We hope to have the pleasure very shortly
of receivinga
Hunt's Tawny.
paper from Mr. Lee on his mode of culture.
After the foregoingthe mid-season
Peaches and Nectarines
come
in making a selection.
in, and here there is no difiicnlty
About the 10 ih of August we had ripein abundance
the following
ORCHARD-HOUSE
NOTES
FOR
1871.
sorts of Nectarines,all first-rate viz.,
Balgowan, Cricket,
We
have just (October
9th)finished pickingthe last of the Downton, Elruge, Yiolette Hative, Pitmaston
Orange, and,
Peaches and choice Pears in the orchard house, and turned all though somewhat
later,but one of the very beet,Pine Apple
the trees out of doors, where they are arranged close together. (Rivers).
had Royal George, Royal Charlotte,
Of Peaches
we
The pots stand on a hard gravelbottom, a handful of soot being Alexandra
Noblesse, a very large fine-flavoured kind,having a
scattered underneath
each to prevent the ingress of worms.
skin
with
pale
scarcelyany flush of red ; Grosse Mignonne,
very
The pots are completelycovered with cocoa-nut fibre refuse, and Bellegarde,
I have
two of the best Peaches in cultivation.
which Iseepsthe trees in good condition until the house is again a number
little-known Peaches and Nectarines ; some
or
of new
have not fruited yet, and respectingothers which
ready for their receptionin January.
did fruit I
An essential to success
is repotting
the trees,or top-dressing, can this year scarcely
venture to give a decided opinion. Some
in
afterwards
the
fruit
is
are
or
as
soon
others
early September,
as
are
of doubtful merit.
gathered.
highlypromising,
Amongst
I have found, after some
years'experience,that those trees midseason Peaches we can hardlylook for any further improvement.
which are repottedin September alwaysbear the best fruit the
Of Peaches
and Nectarines
ripening with Walburton
I have therefore repottednearlyall our trees Admirable
of the recentlyintroduced varieties are decided
followingseason.
some
Those pottedin the earlypart of September had
this season.
acquisitions.Amongst those introduced from America I think
rooted into tlie fresh material,and were
have
Peaches
Exquisite is one of the best yellow-fleshed
we
firmlyestablished ten
I do not know whether
days after repotting. Pots of 15 inches in diameter are the when cultivated in the orchard house.
largestsize we use now, so that those trees which were
growing it would be equallyvaluable as a wall-trained tree out of doors.
in pots of this size have the roots sufficiently
reduced to admit
Princess of Wales
is a magnificent Peach
when
well
(Rivers)
of an inch or more
of fresh compost being rammed
tween grown, and is very distinct. Desse
late
Tardive
is another
firmlybethe ball and sides of the pot. Another
more
advantage gained varietywhich ought to be grown much
extensivelythan
is
that
the
it
is. I find it an
excellent pot tree, settingfruit very freely
by repotting
drainage is renewed, as in many cases
it becomes
choked
when trained to a trellisunder glass; the fruit is magnificent,
by worms
working into the pot, and when
this is the case I do not find the fruit of good flavour. It would
12 inches in circumference,from trees planted out.
be as well to state that in repottingin this manner
For late Nectarines to succeed the Pine Apple there is that
trees which
in full leaf,care
must
are
fine cross-bred varietyVictoria ; this will be a lastingmemorial
be taken to prevent them
from
Rivers of Sawbridgeworth. No collection should
to Mr. Thomas
flagging,as not only would this occur, but the young wood
wotild shrivel. To keep all right syringethe trees frequently, be without it. Prince of Wales I have never
had finer than
and keep the house rather close for a day or two.
in the present season.
The fruit was
highlycoloured outside,
It is unnecessary
to enter into full cultural details at this brightred at the stone, and measured
cumference.
justover 8 inches in cirThis varietyis liable to crack ; to prevent its
time, as ample instructions have been given in recent numbers ;
but in passing I may remark
on
one
doing so, crop rather heavily,and do not give too much water
very important matter
connected with pot culture,and -that is watering. The
trees when the fruit is swelling. These are our last Nectarines.
abundant
The Peaches
of
continue longer. There are just three which
require
after stoning
supplies water,and especially
has commenced.
The uninitiated will be able to know this I will name
Lord Palmerston, Lady Palmerston, and Salway.
time by the stoppageof the swellingof the fruit (hitherto
rapid),The only good one amongst the three this season has been Lady
Palmerston
which takes placewhen the stones begin to form. Manure
Palmerston
and before Salwater
; it ripened after Lord
should be given to the Peach and Nectarine trees with caution, way, and for a yellow-fleshed
Peach it was of very good flavour.
and none
before the fruit begins to stone.
The fruit was
This year I have
only medium-sized,although it is generallylarge.
not used any, but relied entirelyon
of the
surface-dressings
given Lord Palmerston, usuallygood, has shown too much
Pavie blood to be agreeable,
and the skiiiexhibited littlecolour,
only twice namely, about the end of June and in the middle
of July,and there was no apparent difference either in the size though fullyexposed to what sun
there was.
As for Salway,
or qualityof the fruit,except some
slightallowance that ought the fruit is quitedry and unpleasant; but it is,as Mr. Rivers
to be made for the unfavourable
from pot trees,and it is to be
season.
good" even
says, "sometimes
It is equallyimportant to pay attention to keeping the trees
had after the other two are over.
clean ; do not allow insect pests of any description
There
of
no
to harbour
doubt, many
are,
your readers and contributors
Red spideris kept at a distance by syringingtwice
who have also had experiencewith orchard-house
fruit ; if it
on
them.
I should like to hear of it,
a-day in hot weather, and aphides of all sorts are destroyedby differs from mine in any particular
in the case
of the Early Beatrice and Early Rivers
fumigation with tobacco. The aphis which attacks Peach trees
especially
is not easilydestroyed.I fumigated our large orchard
Peaches.
One would like to know if Mr. Rivers stillholds the
house
six times
them.
one
before it was
exterminated.
I have
season
same
opinion of
noticed the insects drop from the trees and lie on the surface of
have been fine
I may say, in addition, that Pears and Plums
the pots for three or four days,and yet show signsof vitality. this year.
One Plum
which
I would
recommend
particularly
With regard to the best varieties to cultivate,
is the Golden
of course
Esperen ; it has fruit of delicious flavour and
a
largernumber of sorts may be grown in pots than when the fine in appearance, though not of the largestsize. Souvenir du
trees are plantedout.
Treyve will,I think, hold a high position
Congres and Madame
Beginning with the earliest Peaches,we
have
Early Beatrice,the earliest of all,followed closelyby amongst Pears. I had the former,which weighed half a pound
in
from
trees
Early Rivers. This year their earlinees was their only recomeach,
mendation
pots under glass,and I weighed one frnit of
tain the latter taken from a pot tree out of doors,and found its
; the qualitywas
very indifierent. If we could oba variety
with fruit of large size and good quality,and
sembles
reSouvenir du CongiCs somewhat
weight exactly 12 ozs.
Williams's Bon
ing.
Chretien,but is rather later in ripenripeningat the same time as Early Beatrice,it would be a great
boon.
We
The flavour of my specimens was
gathered Early Beatrice about the first week in
past before I tried
fruit sent on October 4th by Mr. William Paul,
July,and Early York three weeks later. The latter I think the them ; but some
hardiest and most useful earlyPeach we have ; it is sure
South Kensington
Fruit
the
Committee
at
Waltham
to
of
to
Cross,
of good flavour,although also a little past their best.
carry a crop of good-sizedwell-fiavoured fruit. Early Grosse
were
and

of

good flavour.
from

The

Mr.

second

best

as

Nicholson under

so

cropper is
the name

one

"

which I had

of Sir Walter

"

"

"

"

"

"

Mignonne

has very fine-flavoured fruit of largesize,and was

ripe the last week in July ; the tree is rather tender. Rivers's
York
has not been so fine nor
Early
the
as
so
earlywith me
old sort. Ripeningwith Early York Peach was Hunt's Tawny

J. Douglas.
The

The
mercial
Delaware.
op
Peach
Chop
Wilmington Commade up on the 14th
states that the railroad accounts,
"

JODBNAL

26, 1871. ]

October

AND

HOBTXCULTUEB

OF

show
2,656,673 baskets carried,and about a
to the
The net pricesreturned
sent by water.
estimated
at 35 cents per basket, so that the crop
are
grower
has brought into the peninsulathis year over 1,225,000dollars ;
and counting consumption at home, a fair statement would be

September,

of

million

were

nearlya

7ery

million and

PEAS

of the World ; it appears to stand autumn

It is evidentlyanother Ne Plus Ultra.
The accompanying table will show at a

sowing:

wet

and

glance the

cold

well.

times

of

"

half dollars.

No. 1.

SUCCESSION."

FOR

315

GAEDEtJER.

COTTAGE

sion
I sow
to obtain the longestsuccesThese are quesshould I sow
them ?"
of Peas, and when
tions
answered
which can
by advisingfor
only be satisfactorily
in
both large and small gardens, for Peas differ considerably
"

varietiesshould

What

height.
In these there is nothing to preLaboe
Gakdens.
fok
vent
tall as well as dwarf varieties being grown, for sticks may
than
in
small
and
with
less
cost
be
difficulty
procured
generally
Pea sticks
if near
a town,
gardens. In the latter, especially
to be had for money
indeed,I have paid for sticks
are
scarcely
the crop was worth ; and in such cases it is desirable
as
as much
as
to dispensewith sticks as much
possibleby choosing kinds
Peas

"

"

of Peas that will do with littleor no support. I may remark

sticks. Those
that I do not believe in Peas that require no
which I receive as growing only 1 foot high attain twice that
height,and when unsupported produce one-half the crop which

"^

White

; e..

Blue;

g.

m.. Green

Marrow;

g.

w.

m.. Green

Wrinkled

Marrow.

The above sowings would at first sight appear excessive, but

the autumn
and first springsowing of Dickson's First and Best,
Kentish
Supreme are quart sowings,all
Invicta,and ijaxton's
the others pints. So that we require of Dickson's First and
Invicta, 2J qts.; Laxton's
Supreme,
Best, i qts.; Kentish
mier,
2 qts.; Champion of England, 2 qts. ; Fortyfold,3 qts. ; Pre-

the same
kinds do when
staked.
I may be told my ground is
too rich. Nothing can be grown well without manure.
Except
Green
2 J qts.; Perfection, 2 qts.; Dwarf
Mammoth,
not
in early the ground canfor the earlyvarieties
a few to come
be too rich. I manure
heavilybecause I must crop heavily, 2| qts. ; Yorkshire Hero, 2J qts.; and Ne Plus Ultra,3* qts.,
of
two acres.
sufficient
for
a
26i
to
garden
seeding
qts.,a
equal
and yet my soil shows
evidence
of having had too much
no
and
86 yards,or 108 feet,
a
A quart of earlyPeas will sow
row
renders
Just pointingin a quantityof manure
soon
manure.
tance
a quart of late or
general crop 60 yards,or 150 feet. The disor
the surface soapy ; and though everythingsown
plantedmay
each varietyattains
is fullythat which
between the rows
be stimulated for a while,yet when the roots pass beyond that
the time of trial begins; for dry hot weather
sets in,growth in height.
sure
from the table that the aim is to make
It will be seen
with
to a
and
"

"

grubs innumerable,

standstill,

comes

mildew,

Manure
make sad havoc of the crops.
heavily,dig deeply,and
both in quantityand
the crops will in general be satisfactory
and
The
varieties
of
Peas
are
extremely
quality.
numerous,
soils and localities,
or
of them have been useful in some
most
for some
I therefore do not assert that
particularpurpose.
those which

with

I shall

name

the best of all to

are

equal them,

but

Dillistone'aEarly,
or Dickson's First and Best.
from the 5th to the 10th of November
a
warm
on

"

Height3

feet. Sow

south border ; on
; and again,if the ground
is ia good order,on the 15th of February; or, if the weather is very
the 5th of March in an
wet or frosty,
situation. The
Peas
on
open
oughtall to have a little soil drawn to them when 2 inches high,and

the 10th

of December

be sticked.

This

also

on

to
applies

borders should be sticked as

thicklythe leafless spray

staking
fullyafterwards.
Laxton's Supreme. 6

border

a warm

all

His Grace
took in small dishes.
the kitchen-server
at his wits'
was
end
there were
only two small dishes left. He very properly
consulted the head gardener,who directed him to send it all in
asked
all he could find,and if the cook or anyone
at once
the kitchen-server
it twice a-day,and

it, and

theyhave proved so.

me

a
midseason, and late supply, by frequent
thorough first,
sowings, using also different varieties to insure a constant
succession.
My aim in growing Peas is to give enough to
I remember
them.
and never
to be without
satisfyat first,
a rather
good tale of an Archbishop of York who was very
that
the
Orach.
It
to
gardener ran short of
partial
happened

of

Peas, but those

on

the south

or

warm

as above-ground,
putting in rather
Spruce Fir about a foot high,and
the
5th
15th
on
and
sow
July.

soon

of the

Also
feet. Sow March
5th, March 15th, and
March 25th.
Eastes' Kentish Invicta. i feet. Sow March Sth'and 15th, July
"
5th and 15th.
Champion cf England. 6 feet. Sow March 15th and 2Sth, April
6th and 15th.
6 feet. Sow March 15th and 25th ; April 6th, loth,
Fortjfold."
and 25th ; May Sth.
Premier
4 feet. Sow April 5th, 15th,and 25th;
(Maclean's).
May 5th and 15th.
Veitch's Perfection." 3i feet. Sow April25th; May 5th, 16th,
and 25th.
Hairs's Dwarf
Green
3 feet. Sow May 15th and 25th ;
Mammoth.
June Sth,16th, and 25th.
Yorkshire Hero.
3 feet. Sow May 25th; Jane 5th,15th,and 26th ;
and July 5th.
Ne Plus Ultra." 7 feet. Sow May 15th and 25th
; June Sth, 15th,
and 26th ; and July Sth and 16th.

ordered
"

"

Cartloadp,"
if there was
any more, to give them answer,
a
After the midday meal
was
dispatched to the
messenger
Orach,
gardenerby his Grace to inquireif there were any more
Cartloads ;" which, being told his Grace,
and got his answer,
he sent word to the cook,not until he again ordered to send in
Orach.
It is upwards of a centurysince this occurred,
any more
"

him

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

Under
ordinarycultivation and in generalseasons
the Peas
will be fitto gather the first week in June
earlier in the
or
south ; but I am
in the north, and the beginning of June
is
about the time to expect to have Peas north of the Humber.
There will be no
break in the supply from earlyin June
to
I
earlyin October,and after that all depends on the weather.
have gathered a dish of Ne Plus Ultra on December
2l3t at a

placenearly500

feet above the sea level in Yorkshire.

I have
Dwarf
iMamYorkshire
Hero with fine well-filled pods, and Ne
Plus Ultra that shows
well as pods. They are
blossoms
as
in
the east and west winds cannot
an
cut nor
open spot,where
knock them about, which is ruinous to Peas,especially
late ones.
I think we shall haye an acquisition
in the Pea calledWonder
now

(October
16th),Veitch's Perfection,Hairs'a

moth, and

and it is true in principleto-day,and those just enteringon

the responsiblecharge of a garden will do well to
always
and never
ask a.
make
semblance
of everything,
of abundance
G.
cook to be careful."
Aebet.
"

"

SEDUM

FABARIA.

I A3I glad that Mr. Eecord has called attention to this plant,
which
deserves all he says in its favour, being,without
exception,
of the best vase plantswhich I know, as hardy as the
one
either
with
water
like
common
and,
Houseleek,
it,succeeding
We
have
without
it in the driest and hottest weather.
or
some
plantsof it in vase^ not easy of access, and they have
been watered for many
days,nay even for weeks together,
and they did not appear
to suffer in the least. The spreading
be desired in such
uniform
habit of the plant is all that can
though
places,it withstands wind and weather of all kinds, and alit flourishes in sunshine, it does well in the shade.
but when
Certainlyits greatestdefect is being late in flowering,
fresh a long time, both in beds
once
out, the flowers remain
and vases, for I have had it for some
in
both, and I do
years
not

I have ever
lost a plant. A bed of it at the present
have ; it is an
is about one of the best we
(October13t.h)
bed, 14 feet by 9, and was
planted in the spring of 1869
out many
(otherplants were
years before that),but those

not

think

time
oval

to grew
up and flowered with as much
raised in
could be desired.
The bed is slightly
the centre ; the flowers of the Sedum
line,
outpresent the same
while the edging enhances
The
the beauty of the whole.
edging is the dark ornamental Beet, which is employed in so

in the

bed

as
regularity

referred

[ October

GAEDENEB.

COTTAGE

AND

HOETICULTUEB

OF

JOUENAL

31G

2G, 1871.

enough to make us long for a deliverance from such a system ;

or less for some
placep,and which I have grown more
many
if fruit-exhibitors will adopt Mr.
Pynaert's excellent
in remarkably well,being jast and
years ; in this instance it comes
tickets theywill avoid the remarks which,
of the Sedum,
the proper
height to meet the flower stems
though not uncalled for, are far from
while in point of colour,uniformity,and, above all,
durability N."34
complimentary.
(torit lasts a great part of the winter),I almost think that it
PASSE
We
give specimens of these adhesive
Sedum
Fabaria.
a
as well as

requires champion
and merely remark
that they are
COLMAR.
tickets,
ness,
I can fullyconfirm all Mr. Record states respectingthe hardion
sheets, which
are
of
perforatedlike
to all soils,
and other qualities
Dec. Jan,
easy culture,adaptability
postage stamps, and the various tickets
this Sedum, the only drawback
being that it is late in flowering;
can
easilybe separated. Being gummed
but the orderlyappearance
the plant presentsbefore that time
the back they are
on
always ready for
almost entitles it to be classed amongst those grown for foliage, N." 35
and can
be appliedto the fruit with
use,
interest well
while the promise of future bloom
creates an
NOUVELLE
all the facility
of postage labels. The
worth waiting a littletime to realise. To those who want very
cost of these tickets is small, only 2s.
FULVIE.
large heads of bloom, I would recommend
plantingin spring
a-thousand
for the general sheets,containing
autumn, such
plants struck out of doors the preceding
young
Jan.
of names,
and
an
assortment
I will not say
as
to each.
come
up with only one or two stems
thousand
for
sheets
2$.
(id.
special
of
per
how
so much
large the corymbs may be, for I have seen
Orders
a
for
containing
singlevariety.
accompanied
England
what I call injustice
in measuring leaves and flowers that I will
by postage stamps will be sent free.
of them a short
not
pretend to say how large we had some
For labellingin the fruit-room,for sending in fruit for
In vases
and beds I preferthe smaller heads which
time ago.
dessert,or for exhibition purposes, these simple and elegant
more
old plants throw up, more
especiallyas they are much
tickets are
a
real boon.
a
They were
deservedly awarded
J. Eoeson.
numerous.
"

special certificate at the late International

Fruit

Show

at South

Kensington.
TWELVE

OF

BEST

THE

ROSES.

"
that
twelve Eoses
means
D., Deal"
presume
best for
to the followingdescription namely, that are
answer
exhibition and also for garden purposes, varied in colour,hardy,
The
Eoses
are
good growers, free and constant bloomers.
placedin alternations or shades of colours. Perfection de Lyon

THE

SHALL

"

PRESERVATION

OF

necessary of life in the sultryand

congealed water, that most exhilaratingand
PEiME

ICE.
feverish East
tonic
exile

is

of human

was
beverages. In old times, the Anglo-Indian
solely
dependent on the troublesome and expensivecoolingpreparaall. I had six plantseach of
of them
tions known
which
of
as
"freezing powders,"
saltpetreand
Madame
Chirard, and nine plants of sulphateof soda were the chief components, entailingthe service
Edward
Morren
had no green
called an abdar,or
Edward Morren to judge from.
of a specialattendant
water-cooler,"
first and second series
with one
This was
assistants.
or
more
eyes, but gave a splendidand abundant
generallythe rule in
without one
malformed
bloom.
the humid
province of Bengal, and at the small out-stations
The followingis my selection
Marechal Kiel (Pradel,
jun., throughout the country where ice could not be manufactured
-

is the finest show Eose

Perfection de Lyon and

"

"

Pierre Notting (Portemer, 1863),deep

Chirard
"crimson
purple ; Madame
(1869),pale clear rose ;
Alfred Colomb
red ; Perfection deLyon
(Lacharme,1865),fiery
of the
(Dacher, 1868), pure rose, with silverylilac reverse
Victor Verdier (Eugene Yerdier,1863),rich
petals; Madame

1864),golden yellow;

salmon
about 1854),
red; William Griffiths (Portemer,
rose;
Edward
Morren
(Granger,1868), light silverycerise ; Margue-

for want of frost,

funds.
or
Now-a-days, our American oousina
with specialshipssupply the seaboard,and our increasing
work
netLake
of railwayscarry up the superb blocks of Wenham
a
or
less,according
sellingprice of 'dd. to 9d. per lb.,more
to the distance of transit. But there is a limit to all things,
that it could not be
and ice will waste
much
in travelling
so
sold at a remunerative
rate,or meet with purchasers. Hence,
machines
been introduced into the more
on
a large scale have

at

iritede St.Amaiid (Sausal,

1864); Charles Lefebvre (Lacharme,
1861), rich dark shaded crimson ; John Hopper (Ward,1862), populous garrisontowns, and do a large amount
crimsonish centre,with paleredges; Maurice Bernardin
those
(Granger the very hot months.
Natives,especially

of business in
of rank, have
vermilion.
Marie
their
or
Mdlle.
old lukewarm
Leveque, 1861),
Eady (Fontaine taken to the luxury as a greatimprovement on
is
there
is
first-rate
and
I
room
in
the
British
a
no
element
while
all
hospitalsGovernment
Rose,
regret
pcre, 1867),
;
left for it in the twelve.
W. F. Eadoliffe.
sanction a certain outlayin this highly-valuedtherapeutic
of
Nature ; undoubtedly it will save life in all those irritable and
"

congested conditions of the brain and other organs, while as a

HOUSING.
CHRYSANTHEMUMS.
unequalled. Could this great
stypticit is (nextto electricity)
find my
do
until
the
I ALWAYS
better
of
doors
low cost for
out
article of consumption be produced at a sufficiently
plants
buds show colour than when
I take them in before that time.
I have long ago
issue as a dailyration to European soldiers,
I do not house
been convinced
of mortalitywould
be
that a large amount
plantsbefore the 1st of November
; I
my
find frost interferes or injuresthe buds before that time, reduced.
never
as
reach the N.W. provinces and the Punjanb
As soon
they do not bloom before the middle of November, even if
as we
earlier. Heavy rains and winds
more
attain a climate with a winter and frostynights in a long
are
we
put in a month
than
and
frost
little
and air as dry as any in the whole world.
as
a
t
he
soil
injurious
blight days
slight
by night,
continuation,
frost renders the plants hardy,and prevents drawing and the Here
by the nocturnal radiations of heat we attain the most
of shallow
results in congelationby the exposure
weakening of the buds.
profitable
I use
I remember
on
one
saucers
on
Liquid manure
a
commonly
unplains strewed with straw.
very sparingly
; I depend more
than twenty years ago,
good top-dressingcomposed of a mixture of soot and wellsharp winter at Lahore more
it
rotted manure,
the
retained
the
and at all when our newly-builtice pitswere
crammed
brim in ten
to
as
causes
foliageto be
times suppliesnourishment
to the plant. P.,Eochelle,Cork.
twelve days for the long hot season's supply of the unor
usually
"

Soon
after sunset congelationbegan,
small army of coolies,
and
man,
woman,
and carryingoff the glisteningproduct,
child,were
collecting
almost an inch thick
unusual circumstance,as the ice
a most
made is seldom more
than half an inch to a quarter of an inch
so

largegarrison.

and

ADHESIVE

FRUIT

LABELS.

before

sunrise

We have received from M.EdoaardPynaert, of Ghent, samples

adhesive
fruit labels. It is impossibleto speak too
new
in substance,and when thrown
into the pitsthere consolidates
highly of this ingenious and very useful contrivance of Mr.
and especially
that
into masses.
The cold was such in that memorable
season
Pynaert,by which fruit-growers,
fruit-exhibitors,
furnished
with a means
of labellingtheir fruit with a
found dead on the exposed plains,
are
were
dogs and mendicants
"

of his

day,
the troops, British and native,went out to exercise at midtheir fingersbeing too stiff to cap their fire-arms at an
in
be met
off duty would
earlier hour, while officers and men
the sheepskinpelisses
and camel-hair robes of far Afghanistan,
forms of nomenclature
which are too common
in our
fruit exwith glovesand stockingsof the latter dense material.
hibitions.
India are more
If we
in a humorous
of Northern
were
mood
we
The so-called "ice-houses"
might make
perly
proof the names
that appeared at the late great
some
ice wells,and I will at once
merry over
explaintheir very economical
fruit show at South
and
Such
hot
dry climates,where,
Kensington.
examples as Bellyband and efficient construction in these
for Belle et Bonne, applied to the Apple of that name,
are
during most of the twelve months, the earth's surface is oven-

nomenclature

at

once

correct

and

neat, which

obviates the

see
so
often
necessityof those large and clumsy cards we
time
aiicompanying specimens of fruits, and at the same
secures
immunity from those stupid and sometimes
laughable

and

October

26, 1871. J

JOURNAL

OF

HOETICULTUEE

AND

COTTAGE

GAEDENEB.

317

domestic
receptaclesfor the dailysupply. For the casual
temperature, and rapidly falls to extreme cold as we
picnic,I know of no
descend,a natural result of which the northern races have long consumer, the invalid,or the midsummer
been cognisant,for in most cities there are
plan so simple and effectiveas the following: Have two good
Tytchanas"_or
fountains clean white blankets by you, the stouter the better,lift the
subterranean
rooms, with stone benches, and even
therein,which are favourite retreats of the rich and idle during lumps of ice,as largeas you can getthem, with a pairof wooden
formly
in
the
the
air.
outer
Perhaps
the excessive heat of
tongs into one blanket,and wrap it up into as small and univery humid
the
climate of Great Britain this oriental system of preserving
tight a bundle as you can manage ; put this in a light
ice may not succeed,though it might be modified accordingly. basket and wrap up the latter again in your other blanket,and
A A, external walls about 5 feet high and 2 feet thick,of sunkeep in as dark and shady a spot as yon can find. A bottle or
cooled beer or soda water may be enclosed
two of previously
dried clay brick.
B B, internal walls of the same
height,but
with your ice in the same
blanket when packing. Every two
stuff. Both the above walls are
only li foot thick,of the same
with
proof
waterin
hot
weather
well
hours
and when dry should be
change your blankets,and try to keep
plastered
"circular,
any
bast
therein consists the knack of preweather
I
ice
them
in
bad
as
as
to protect
suggest
dry
possible,
servation.
;
your
compo,
lar
Sawdust
of hard woods is most useful as an auxin England. Doors to enter each circuiliary.
rmats as the best ones
the worse
The blankets will be none
for being used, if
erection must be made, taking care that they are not opposite,
I tried a new
so
as
to avoid direct entrance of the outer air. A, outer
discoverya few
continuallychanged, as above.
and others
thatch,thick,and of reeds or rushes well packed. B, inner
years ago, and it will give a valuable hint to nurses
and
who
ice
in
or
have to economise
their store of
thatch of less thickness.
a sick room
C, porch built on to outer door,
bird-feathers
first
the
fact
that
soft
door
Dr.
Sohwarz
When
entrance.
taking
hospital.
published
having a closely-fitting as
the most effective of all non-conductors
are
: he kept ice in a
out ice (always before sunrise)a person entering this outer
then enter the outer circular
6 lbs. weight,for eightdays in an
door will shut it after him tightly,
jug covered by a plate,some
invalid's room
wall by its own
door,fasteningwhich he will open the inner
during summer.
For many
door of central compartment ; closingthat also,he will then
years I used the followinginexpensive ice-box,
take off a thick felt cover
from the mouth
of the pit,and carry
constructed
hands, its principletaken from an
by my own
felt
in
the
ice
in
double
covered
American
The work is laborious and also dirty,
with
a
required
basket,
recipe book.
away
Get
each compartment, the blocks being separated by a stock of unless feathers be used, which
would
cost something :
of strong- an eighteen-galloncask, clean and
if possible; get a
"cold sawdust, stored between
the walls.
Beware
new,
aeented woods
the dust, as they will flavour smaller,of four gallons,or rather larger,according to your
when collecting
like in

"

"

"

probablerequirements.

On

this scale I stored Wenham

ice for

forty-eight
hours, 8 lbs. weight,after it reached me nearlytwo
miles by rail and boat,being in a joint club with
hundred
others,and the total cargo being about 200 or 300 lbs. on every
trip. We had to subscribe a small fund to purchase cases and
in
company
country blankets, and advances to the American
all cut up and weighed
Calcutta.
The blocks on
arrivalwere
share
subscribers.
My
rarely
out in allotments to the several
with a small dividend to
exceeded
"2 sterling
per mensem,
The
of
round.
when
the
cool
ice.
The
came
per-centage
well
be
in
receive
season
or
must
a
or
pit
your
dry, gravelly,
unless
loss by waste in transit was
with a porous
subsoil to the
usuallyquite insignificant,
"aaudy,slightly-elevated
situation,
The
depth will depend on the quantity to be detained by occasional mishaps.
very bottom.
be partially
unhooped to admit the
stored for the season;
there is no
The larger cask must
advantage in a surplus.
This pit is to be lined throughoutwith wicker-work
ting
lesser,and a large quantity of clean and fresh charcoal dust
(ormatbe bored in
collected. First a hole must
in India)and spreadwith felt sheeting
be previously
must
can
as thick as you
the bottom
for the outlet of drainagepipe,and then the cask
in a largescale,
E P.
G G, the
as the best non-conductor
afford,
high
fitted to stand on a strong frame on four feet,sufficiently
drainage chamber, which should be by choice in the most
inserted into the
its objectbeing,when
filled to contain the bend of the siphon when
attainable,
porous soil or stratum
inch.
Insert
with small charcoal,to act as a colander or strainer for the
pipe ; both may be of lead tubing a quarter of an
the length of pipe uprightin the hole of largecask,and begin
drippingsof melted ice to pass away into the earth,without
destructive
a
state
all
and
so
to
ramming well with a long heavy cylinder of wood close up to
creatinghumidity,
congelation
inch or two only remain
the pipe, till about an
and around
its preservation. The littleentrance porticoI should construct
of Croggon's patent felt (beingwaterproof)
nailed to a light above ; you then put inside the smaller cask,which must have
This being dulyadjusted
ahole at bottom to hold the pipe end.
framework of deal spars, well-pitched.The inner door should
have a chain and padlock,and work so lightly
and quitestraight,
its hingesas
replacethe top hoops of the largecask,and go
on
with the charcoal dust tillyou arrive close to the mouth of the
on
to close on a latch by its own
impetus,
I will now
proceed to the constrnction of ice safes and small small one, you will then put a curved piece of perforatedzinc

318

JOUBNAL

HOBTICULTUEE

OF

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

[ October

26, 1871.

that again firmlypack Bome

and skilful supervision. I was
animal
most painstaking care
over
glad to
You
make
will now
two lids of the two cask-heads, see evidence on all sides of Mr. Eeid's fondness for cone-shaped
extra
plants; to my mind no form is so symmetrical and elegant.
nailingthem on with leather bindings,and tack some
with a deep ilonnce of the same,
allround.
I covered
The
collection of Azaleas trained to this form, and clothed
stout felt,
and then rendered the ioe- with foliageof a most
all my outer cask with double felt,
healthy green, was a refreshingsight.
A
coat
of
red
cloth.
number
of fine Allamandas
also so trained,and I
Bife fit for human
cotton
a
were
cheap
eyes by
the mouths
noticed two fine specimens of the charming old favourite RhynThe last operationis to stuff all the space around
of the inner and outer cask with felt clippings,
jasmiuoidesladen with bloom for the second time
coveringthem
cospermum
Eos.
from view by a piece of cloth tacked on.
{English this year, the plants having flowered freelyin March. The
well placed in a compact
and Woi Id of Science.)
Mechanic
plant houses and pits were
block,
and the vineries and Peach houses ranged along south walls.
and
had
These
well
suitable
structures
and
are
built,
fittings
the
earbon.

over

pipehole,and

"

"

POSSINGWORTH.
The

Seat

of

Louis

Huth, Esq.

excellent internal
Of the Grapes

arrangements.
which

most

attracted

my

attention

were

deep-colouredbunches of Alicante,well shouldered and

The
of Possingworth stands upon
of thoroughlyfinislied,
one
Muscat extremelyfine,
and Madreaelegantmansion
Bowood
those commanding
in
the
Weald
eminences
of
so
frequent
field Court Muscat.
Mr. Reid has this last fine kind grafted
Snssex. The positionis well chosen,overlookinga most magin
different
houses.
Theon
nificent
a
variety of stocks,planted
landscape,which is expansive,but not fiat or tame, as
bunches
of a useful medium
of it were
size,and the berries
ihe lower part of it is beautifully
wards
undulating,sweeping downand altogetherfullydeveloped; but
were
large,well-coloured,
in the most
and
and outwards
picturesque manner,
the cracking or bursting of many
there was
berries,a blemish
the
tillit
the
meets
rising again in
distance,
boundary line which affected every bunch more
less. None of the various
or
Downs.
formed
the
bold
of
the
South
in
uplands
by
Midway
stocks upon which
ence
it was
graftedseemed to have much influ(he field of view, and standing well back on
either hand, are
in checking this serious evil. Of the plants of it which
to
high turf-clad banks crested with trees,sloping downwards
I saw
there
their
were
some
own
bearing fruit,
roots,
upon
fine sheet of water, in a bold yet irregularly
a
outline, others were
wavy
graftedupon Dutch Sweetwater,Royal Muscadine,
the beauty of which is much
enhanced
by the introduction of and Frankenthal, upon which last there did not appear to be
occasional admirably arranged groups of trees.
Possingworth so many faultyberries,though they were
not entirelyabsent.
and its gardens are very beautiful,
seeing it as I did in all the Every means
had been unsuccessfullytried to prevent the
richness and beauty of one
of those luxurious days when summer
not supposed to arise altogetherfrom
too
cracking. It was
is glidinginto autumn.
much
moisture
I particularly
in the borders.
inquiredabout
The
house may be said to be quiteenclosed by the dressed
checked
that.
If there was
a
superabundance of sap it was
grounds. The carriagedrive sweeping past the north front is by cuttinga deep notch in the wood both immediately below
so
beautifullykept,as are the lawns through which it passes, and above the bunches.
A few of them
to which
this treatment
that the eye is at once
attracted by the exquisiteneatness.
A
ing
had been applied with severitybore tokens of sufferbank
from
beside
the
drive
to
a
steep irregular
siderable
consprings
therefrom
in the small size and pale colour of the fruit.
heightupwards, its highest part having a dense mass
Can a reason
effectual remedy be sugbe given for this,or an
gested
of Firs growing there, shelteringthe house, and, doubtless,
?
Remember, it is not to Vines in the hands of a
forming an admirable background to it when viewed from the novice that this has occurred,but to those under the care of
valley. Oq the west side the chief features are, a conservatory, an experienced,energetic,
clever man, who has given the matter
whence
a flight
of steps leads on to a broad terrace walk with
his most
earnest
attention,applying every remedy that he
raised upon pedestalsalong its outer edge,and a lawn in
vases
idea is
thought likelyto succeed,but without avail. My own
fine order,level,
and belted by a walk fringedon both sides with
that a border containing a largerquantitythan is usual of
of flowers in beds ; thus,while there was
much
brightmasses
of crushed
and
and
broken
coarse
matter,
bricks,
gritty
bones,
brightnesshere, an air of repose prevailedfrom the unbroken
elevated well aljove the surface of the surrounding soil,
would
This effect,
and the way in which it was
expanse nf turf.
duced, best suit a varietyliable to bo so affected.
proimpressed one as being worthy of attention, repose in
In lookingover
new
gardens like these,one is disposedto be
difficult
attain
to
factorily.
satissarderfifque
critical in the survey than when
scenery being frequently
more
seeing old-established
should
is more
look
keenly on the outplaces; or rather,I
say, one
The flower garden by the south front is also in connection
for lessons of usefulness which
may be appliedto future
with a terrace of handsome
proportions. The flower-beds are
far from
practice. My visit was
being a barren one in this
few in number, simple in form, and of largesize. They are
respect, and while refrainingfrom enteringupon details which
raised very high in the centre, forming a
to make
upon turf,and are
it would
be wrong
public without permission,I may
a
of
massive
and
garden
dignifiedcharacter. They safely venture to promise to keep no usefial hint from the
peculiarly
well filled,
were
the plants being beautifully
from
but
graduated
readers of
to introduce all such lessons in
our
Journal,"
the high centres downwards
and outwards.
Some
of the beds
bear.
Edwaed
future articles upon
which they may
any
were
surrounded
by a novel and prettybelt,consistingof two
LUCKHDRST.
outer
rows
of dwarf Box edging planted closelyside by side,
and enclosinga compact band of Vinca major elegantissima,
a
BULBS.
foot wide, of a beautiful clear pale yellow, The Vinca was
Ix the
BotaniBts' Repository of Antlrews,publishedabout the
rows
of which immediately
kept as dwarf as the Box, two more
of Cape
succeeded
the inside,then came
on
band or path of gravel beginning of the century, there are platesof a vast unmber
a
in nurserymen's
of which are not now
to be found
bulbs,the names
2 feet wid?, with another double line of Box enclosing
the bed
The
to be very desirable acquisitions.
but which
appear
catalogues,
itself.
some

"

"

"

"

at that time to have been in the collection of Mr.

seem
greaternumber
flower garden were
Apart from the principal
numerous
wellelse in this country. "What
Hibbert
has
at Clapham, and nowhere
filled beds,borders,and vases, all rich with summer's
various
has it
of the Hibbertian
become
collection? If it has been dispersed,
charms.
In one
collection
border
of
a
herbaceous
long
plants fallen into any nurseryman'shands ? Andrews figuresa number
of
is being graduallyformed, this will in time be a very interesting dwarf Gladioli that would be admirable
for pot work, one
of them
a
and attractive feature.
commend
niums
I would
this plan to the
lovelyblue. He also has platesof a number of tuberous-rooted Geraradicans.
these is one
notice of those who lament the sacrificeof
with
named
yellow flowers ; among
vourite
many an old faunder
Van Houtte
has one
in his catalogue
this name, but it is rosy
to modern
caprice.

A Eose garden of

a somewhat
quaint and formal aspectconnects
the flower garden with a shrubbery,
to the east of which
the kitchen garden and the glasshouses.
are
The Rose garden
consists of a stiies of long unbroken
but
borders,not straight,
in the form of a gentle curve.
They are upon slopingturf,in
tiers one
below
the other; between
two borders,and
every

rannlng parallelwith them,

low clippedLaurel hedges to

are
shelter the Ruses from the effects of high winds.
It was
a
treat to walk through the glasshouses at Possingworth.
No trash,
no
from neglect,
plantssuffering
poor culture,
or overcrowding meet
the eye, but everythingbetokened the

pink,not yellow. K.
"

KENDLE'S

I. N.

PLANT

PKOTECTORS.

must
apoloRise for appearing again before your
made
allow the remarka
by your correreaderp,but I caunot
Bpondent, the Kev. C. P. Peach, to remain unchallonged. He
national
of the Intercorridors
fixed
in
the
says my protectors were
Exhibition.
It is true a few of tbe Bpeeimens wer"
to
allowed by the Eoyal Oommiseioners
fixed there,but I was
erect large working protectorsia the garden of the annexe*
I

EEALLT

October

JOUKNAL

26, 1871. ]

OF

AND

HOKTIGULTUKE

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

319

is a common
saying about the Pear, that you should sit up all night
There
they were, and I am
sorry your correspoudent did not
in
it ripens
to catch the minute
; and if there is a basis of truth
he would not have made
pure
them there, because then I am
see
months
the
with
fruit that takes so many
to reach pera
proverb
fection,
There
the remarks
he did.
they stood through many a gale
of
to the exact moment
sensitive
one
to be electrically
ought
and eddy-wind without a singlebrick being displacedor a pane
maturation of a Mushroom, which a few hours only will suffice to
He refers
and I have done.
"of glassbroken.
One word more
develope.
I do
several years ago.
to the old-patternbricks at Cbiswick
On the way throughthe woods many
other Funguseswere
gathered
;
"
the '* Enor
the new
B'^lvoir Castle
not think he has peeu
and by way of balancing the virtues of the edible kinds,it is well,
He
ville patterns ; when he does so be will change his mind.
Lactarius
torminosus
mention
that
the virulently
poisonous
perhaps,to
cause or necator, the slayer,"
might as well say the locomotive steam engine is a failure beas it is sometimes
called,was very abundant,
and its
and a very beautiful Agaric it is with its rich orange zones
"W. Edgthe original one
broke down.
on
cog wheels
The
Lactarius turpiswas frequently
woollymargin.
venomous-looking
"iCUitiBE Kendle.
A. suhlateritius,
and some
others. One
found,
faseicularis,
Agaricus
[We think itneedless to insert more
upon this subject. Eds.]
"

"

"

"

"

other
so

NATURALISTS'

WOOLHOPE
THE

FORiY

THE

AMONG

CLUB.

FIELD
FUNGUSES.

wend their way up the hill to the tower on the top.but the admiration
of the varied foliage
tints was
quicklyexchanged for that of the forms
of the

Funguses.

The

scarlet tints of

Hygrophorua

coccineus,Peziza aurantia,and Agavicus (Amanita)muscarius; the

of A. laccatus ; the largewhite Lactarius
amethyst and purplevariety
the delicate Hygrophoruscoasus, and Clavaria vermiculata ;
vellereua,
the

yellowwax-like Hygrophorusceraceus,

and

Lactarii

and

be
a

little fetid

either new
form.
or in a peculiar
With
well-laden
baskets the Fungus-hunters reached the *' Green
in close examination
were
soon
Dragon," and all their fatigues
forgotten
were

The
held on October 10th.
The last field meeting of the year was
the weather was
attendance was
beautiful,the scenery of
numerous,
above
and
^the districtselected for the hunt was
and,
fine,
beyond
very
abundant.
"all for the objectof the day's excursion,Funguses were
The
the visitors left the Dinmore
station to
shone brilliantly
sun
as

and colouration

named, aud that because it is very rare and

stump not far from the station Marasmius
More
Marasmius, was growingplentifully.
Cortinarii were
met with than could be named, for some

Agariconly shall
On
interesting.

very

the
fcetidus,

of others in
art, with many

hundreds

of the

Fungusesbroughtor

sent for exhibition.

Several

of the scientific

long distances to be presentat the

C. E. Broome, Esq.,
foray had brought rare specimenswith them.
from
the
F.L.S.,
neighbourhoodof Bath and Bristol,brought the
small Truflle Genea
from
Bristol,Porouia
Hanham, near
hispidula
punctata,Peziza rutilans and humosa, Polyporusscoticus, Agaricus
visitorswho

had

come

from

in its varietyMulleri,and
squarrosus
and the Leigh Woods,
The Rev. W.

many

other

sorts from

Clifton

Houghton,F.L,S.,itc, brought

which is so excellent in flavour that

two specimensof Sparassiscrispa,
it is a pityit is so rare ; Agaricus clavipes,
only of late added to the
British Flora,and many
others.
W, Phillips,
Esq.,also brought from

shades of yellow,brown, and black,mixed by Nature's

Peziza onotica and cochleata ; Agaricus(Clitocyhe)
cyathiShropshire
Meantime
the way led on, and
a varied
grace of form and texture.
violet Cortinarius ; (I.)
formis,an unrecognised
Lyeogalaepidendron,
"whether it was the many
attentions the Fnnguses had, or the old sad
from
Norfolk
ttc. Charles
with him
the
brought
E
sq.,
Plowright,
habit of keepingtoo long to the broad aud easy path,the visitors
rare
Agaricus(Mycena)Iris,the curious and rare Cordiceps ophiofound themselves on the turnpike-road
to Leominster, without a sipht
Boletus
on
glossoidesgrowingparasitically
Elaphomyces muricatus,
"of the tower.
Away throughthe wood side tracks were taken,aud the
The
Rev. J. Jones
and
others.
Macheu
brought
variegatus,
many
baskets were
rapidlyfilled with the spoHa of the day. In the hunt
of Ludlow, sent Cantharellus
Craterellus crispus,
"c.
Miss
Lewis,
for the tower, which
conceals itself wonderfullywell in the woods of
tnbajformia
and many
others.
The remaining collections were
from
this wide-backed undulating hill,
found it and some
some
didn't,and
from Whitfield of fine kinds in
Herefordshire. A largehamper came
the President was
to pass
amongst the unfortunate ; and bo it came
excellent order; a good collection was
also sent by Mr. Miller from
that the business of the Club was
transacted under the Beech trees ac
Eyewood,near Eiugton, containingthe rare Hydnum zonatum, with
the far side.
of
two very grand specimens of Polyporus giganteus. Manv members
The delicatebeautiful Fungus Agaricusmucidus, white and fragile,
the Club also did their duty scientifically,
and the tables were
well
here gathered from a decayingbranch
of the Beech
^as
tree above,
did not admit of their
crowded
with specimens. Time, unfortunately,
and on its roots below Polyporusgiganteuswas
beginningto grow.
in some
being well arranged for study,but this want shall be supplied
smelt out that curious,undesirable, beautiful,
Here, too, soon
was
here.
It will be an
measure
interestingfeature if the Funguses
horrid,graceful,disgusting,
interesting,
stinking
Fungus,Phallus imrecord
for the
in
for
this
gathered Herefordshire
meeting are put on
which is justly
named
stink-horn."
pudicus,
future.
To prevent repetition,
however, all those which have been
and on
The wood was
left for the more
now
open groundof the bill,
alreadynamed in this account of the excursion will be omitted,and
^he remains of some
the Funguses peculiar
to
charcoal-burning
jilaces
the names
of the others well-recognised
upon the table shall be strung
fiuch spots,Agaricus carbonarius,
A. atratus, and Cantharellus radiThis
and without
comment.
iu the most
concise manner
together
"cosus
found.
were
arrangement will givereaders in generalthe pleasantadvantageof
The private
some
bridgeover the Lng was crossed,and following
t
hem
in
a lump.
skipping
littledistance a temptinggladeby the river's side the ascent of the
:
In the greatorder Agaricus the followingspecieswere
"hillwas
present
again made for the home journey,and the Fungus bunt was
and Cecilise.
:
resumed
all the more
excelsus,vaginatus,
for
the
the
visit
phalloides,pantherinus,
(Amanita)
charming hiatus of
vigorously
: procerus,
to the valley. The buff Hygrophoruspratensis,
(Lepiota)
edible and good, with
rachodes, escoriatus,Badhami, gracilentus,
and granulosus.
its odd little associate H. psittacinus,
cristatug,
with several others,were
: melleus.
(Armillaria)
gatheredhere. This last is said to be edible too, iu spiteof its
: sejunctus,
flavo-brunneus,alho-brunneus,rutilans,
(Tricholoma)
greenish-yellow
untempting aspect, and as the esculent Funguses
have at lengthcome
uppermost, it may as well he said at once that imbricatus,Columbetta,murinaceus, terreus, sapouaceus, albus, perof
sonatus,
them
found.
A
dish
of
the
Maned
CoDudus,
grammopodius,humilis,and subpulverulentus.
were
Agaric,
good
2nany
and its variety
fumosua
: nebnlaris,
for the feast,
(Clitocybe)
poli
us, odorus,cernspriuuscomatus, had alreadybeen secured as provision
find others had
satus, dealbatus,infundibuliformis,
still to be gathered. A
hunt
made
for the
geotrupus,and fragrans.
was
**
:
butyracens,
for
it
almost
said
radicatus,
m
aculatus,
(Collybia)
fusipes,
be
platypbyllus,
VegetableBeefsteak,"Fistulina hepatica,
may
tuberosus.
"of this,as Browning has lately
said of the Pomegranatein the Island
undatus, or vertirugis,
dryophilus,
pelliculosus,
-ofKhodes :
(Mycena): purus, polygrammus,alcalinus,
epipterygius,
"

"

"

"

"

Where'er

the

red

bloom

burns

galopus,and
pterigenus,

tenuis.

: cervinus.
(Pluteus)
: mollis.
(Crepidotns)
: siuuatus,
Bloxami, nidorosus,and rhodopolius.
fEutoloma)
: prunulusand popinalis.
(Clitopilus)
3ut thoughsome
small specimens were
found,they were too young to
: pascuus.
(Nolanea)
be fit for the table. The spikedMushroom, Hydnum repandum,
: spectabilis,
mutabilis squarrosus, and radicosus.
(Pholiota)
found growing
Hydnum good as oysters,"as Dr. Badham
says, was
and testaceus.
: lucifugus,
fastibilis,
(Hebeloma)
longicaudus,
"in several localities,
and some
fine specimenswere
but
gathered, as
: cucumis, andfurfuraceus.
(Naucoria)
"this one
had alreadybeen cooked at the dinners of the Club, the
: campestris,
arvensis,
(Psalliota)
seruginosus,
squamosus, and semi"caterer passed them
by for the Red Milk Agaric,Lactarius deliciis very plentiful
this autumn
in the situation it delights globatus.
osus, which
(Hypholoma): lacrymabundus.
dn, the drip of Scotch Firs. The Chantarelle,Cantharellus cibarius,
: Fcenisecii,
spadiceus,and semilanceolatus.
(Pailocybe)
it has been this year in almost every
"was
gathered,and very common
"Oak wGod of the county. This and Marasmius
Cortmarius caland niveus.
the
Coprinus atramentarius,picaceus,
oreades,
Fairycinuamoall lochrous,collinitus,
fnlgens,elatior,tabularis, diabolicus,
ring Agaric,or Champignon, have been extremely abundant
If peopledid but know how strongand excellent
caninus, and callisteus. Paxillus involutus,Gomphidins plathrough the summer.
meus,
and
let
viscidus.
not
be
thus
is the catsup it makes
would
it
olivaceo-albus,
Hygrophorus
virgiuius,
wasted, ihiugh tinosus,
they
and
"from its small size and rather dry nature it takes a deal of gathering niveus, cerasinus,ovinus, Colemannianus, coccineus,puniceus,
Then
there was
to get a supplyof this delicious condiment.
insnlsus,blennius, chrysorrheus,
pallidus,
Agaricus leporinus. Lactarius
and
Russula
Boletus
Bnssula
s
eriflnus,
s
ubdulcis,
"orcella,
edulis,
quietus,
glyciosmus,
fuliginosus.
heterophylla,
vegetablesweetbread.
adusta, furcata,
others of which compasrubra, sardonia,virescens,emetica,
vesca,
Agaricusrubescens,Lepistanuda, and some
nigricans,
sion
and
and alutacea. CanthareHus
alone forbids the mention
Edible
for the compo"itor
at this time.
aurantia cus
ochroleuca, fragilis,
rotula. Lenzites
Punguses often get into discreditfrom beingeatea when unripe.There tubseformis. Marasmius
urens, peronatus, and

I' the dull dark verdure

Dethroning in the rosy

You

"

bounteous tree,
Rose,
shall find food,diiuk, odour, all at once."
of the

isle the

joubnaij

320

of

hoeticultuee

and

cottage

qaedeneb.

[ October

26, 18TI.

betnlina.
Boletus Inteus, elegans, flavns,laricinus,grannlatns, where it
of common
salt. By the careful adherence
grew a handful
and
badius.
Inridas,scaber, versipellis,
clirysenteron,
Polyporua
to this mode
of operation,
in a copse of about a quarter
Incidns,betnlinns,
pereunis,
fomentarins,cnti- of an acre the number
Bqnamosas,
qnercinus,
of Fungi was
reduced to one
in the year
and iguiarius.
Trametes suaveolena. Dasdalia qnercularis,
versicolor,
1869,to 0 in 1870,and to one in 1871." C. W. Johnson, JValdroii'
cina.
Calocera
Craterellos cornucopioides.
cornea.
Clavaria forCroydon.
fumosa, and rngosa.
cristata,
stricta,
mosa,
Ljcoperdongiganteum, lujTst,
ccelatnm,gaccatum, gemmatum, and pyriforme. Scleroderma vnlgare.
FILMY
FERNS.
CyatlmB striatns. Crncibulum
vnlgare. Helvella crispa. Leotia
Inbrica.
fiavida. Thelephoralaciniata. Peziza anrantia.
Spathnlaria
What
are they? is a questionnot unfrequentlyput to us by
Mernlins
and
Helotinm
tremellosns,
XylariaHyposylon,
virgultornm. correspondents and others.
We
to-day furnishing a
purpose
also shown on
the tables,
which time did not admit
Many others were
few particulars
regardingtheir haunts and habits.
of being properlynamed
by the mycologicalanthorities who were
First,then, as to the name
Filmy Ferns ; it has been givenpresent.
to this most interestingdivision of the tribe by reason
of the

OUR

LARGEST

AND

FINEST

cobweb-like
texture and transparency of the fronds of many
of
the species. In some
this filmy,diaphanous character is so
marked
that the smallest print may
be read through their

SEPTEMBER

PEAR.
I

eaten
to-day (Sept.
25tli)
It is large,and in colour
One
figure in

HAVE

month.
Park.
the " Diotionnaire de
Pomologie is like that
given of this sort in the
Year-Book
;" another
in the same
book differs

fronds.
of the Snest Pears of the
much
like the Broekworth

trated

one

in

This transparency is strikingly

and
that loveliest of Ferns, the New

pleasinglyilluETodea
Zealand
other piece of whitepaper, at the back of a
the latter
frond,when
minated
appears as though illuflash of
a
by

superba,by quicklyplacing
an
envelope,or

"

"

light.Though the vast

majorityof speciesare
to
be found
only in
tant
the loftyranges of dis-

from it widely.The
French
and
Englith

descriptions of
not vary much.
former is " Peau

it do
The

and
NewChili
it is not necessary
side
to travel out-

Zealand,

jannecitron,ponctuee, strie
de
largement
roux,
et taohfie de
I'ceil et le
meme
vers
pSdoncule ; " the latter

Skin smooth, pale

yellow,slightlyflushed
"

Killarney Fern, Trichomanes

radioans,
the
and
tiny Hjmenophyllums, H. tnnbridgense and H. Wilsoni,we have excellent

" "

and

streaked with crimson

the
on
exposed
Bide."
In France
this sort

ripens in August, here

in September, and this

illustrations of the twotake in

genera which
nearly all the known
speciesof Filmy Feme.

The
habit
year late.
of the tree is robust,
much
like Williams's
Bon Chretien,of which
1 should think
it a,

Now
with

it is marvellously
fertile.There
liams's
of the Wil-

none

musk
but a

are

The

Fern grows and

in luxuriance ;.
tivation,
consequently, in culhumid
mosphere
ata

Filmy

is

raised
troduced
inwith another
very large Pear raised
at Lyons, called Souvenir
du Congies. This
has much
the habit of
the

former, and

element

was

Beorre

do

a descendant
of Williams's Bon Chretien,but it has
hitherto proved coarse
; it is,however, largerthan Williams's,
robust in habit, and if it bear well it will
more
able
prove a valumarket Pear. T. B.
"

IMPUDICUS.

Some

of your readers
have
may be glad to learn that we
succeeded at this place in graduallyextirpating
the miserably
stinking Fungus (Phallusimpudicus), with which we were
a
few years since much
infested,
by a steady perseverance in the

followingoperation viz.,we dug up

every Fungus
1
appeared,committingit to the fire,
and spread over
"

tial
essen-

to

their

aflect cold and temperate

climes ; and except;
of a few
in the case
Indian
West
species,
artificialheat in their

r Aasomption.

to be also

PHALLUS

an

well-doing. They rather

seems

DESTROYING

growing.

revels

ther.
bro-

Beurrfi de I'As-

somption was
at Nantes, and

under
found

they

the conditions
which they

The

taste.
this Pear is a twin of
the Broekworth
Park
Pear, and if so, a very
or

words
the

to

which

shady forest and

the
damp ravine ic
mountainous
districts,,
where air and soil are
with
ture,
moissaturated
the
where
are

in its flavour,

sister

few

regard

and
affect,

rich,pleasant,
vinous, sugary
if
as
.It seems

worthy

for

haunts

and
seedling,
is

country

own

our

for examples of these

la
delicate
Ferns.
what is called,far excellence,
the Irish or

marbree

as

soon

the

as

be sedulouslycultivation is not only not required,but must

be subdued
natural atmospheric heat must
Even
avoided.
of modification.
attention to aspect and other means
Many
of the specieswill bear with
impunity the closest hug of
touch of the sunbeam
the slightest
of them
the ice,but not one
play directlyupon these delicate subjects,,
; let it but
die.
and
This,
and they shrink from its influence,shrivel,
however, does not imply absolute darkness ; too deep shade,
suits only a few.
They like light,but light subdued.
even,
The habit of most of them is to extend their creepingrhizomes

by

over

the rock

or

other surface

to which

growing speciesof this habit,care

place the

delicate rhizomes

with soil.

must

The

they

are

attached.

In

be taken not to cover

soil best suited to them

32'2

JOUBNAL

OP

HOETICULTDRE

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

[ October

26, 1871.

in every respect if I mention

that Cabbages plantedin the second week in April
Peas growing in the same
row, and find them
afiorded a first cuttingthis year on the 28ih June.
in
the same
observe that it has recentlybeen shown
; and we
Another
London
and there recognisedas Grotto's.
under a third name,
example of double crops ia in the case of earlyCibbages,which
valaable Poa for late supply,being an
sent to market
It is,however, a most
in April and May.
are
A month
before cutting
holes are made in the rows
them, the land being in good tilth,
enormous
cropper, medium-sized, and of a delicate green colour
artists
and
kitchen
those
with
much
a
hole
between
one
each
appreciatedby
they
spade,
two Cabbages ; a boy
points
these qualities follows and plantsPotatoes,which are covered with the earth
have to cater for. Added
to a delicious flavour,
We have frequentlygathered it taken from
the next
make
This plan obviates the treading
it a very desirable Pea.
row.
It has a thick
which occurs
when
the sets are planted between the rows.
in fine condition at the very end of October.
Peculiar virtues have been attributed to the spade as an
the Peas remain
succulent husk, and, in consequence,
or
mossy
instrument
tender long after the appearance
of the husk
would indicate
of cultivation,
but the secret of the great fertility
which
follows the spade lies in the heavy dressingsusually
that they were
too old. This Pea is well worthy of being,what
reintroduced
the
be
into
all
where
fine
to
As
late
an
applied
tion,
called,
gardens
gardens.
example of this kind of cultivamay
I visited a largegarden of 40 or 50 acres, in the parishof
Peas are
It
an
object,and where tall stakes are to be had.
7 feet to 8 feet high. We
think it best described by its Bermondsey,flourishing
in the midst of smoke and vile smells.
grows
The largerpart of the garden is planted with Radishes,CauliPea.
The Mossy (podded)
(The Gardener.)
flowers,
O-iginalname
and Celery,taken from the same
ground every year ;
and the rotation is repeated every year, with the precautionof
MARKET
GARDENING.
moving the site of the rows of Celery. These ere planted5 feet
FnLLEK
shows us
the beginnings of market gardening two
of Cauliflowers
between
them.
The
apart, with two rows
"
hundred
Since gardening hath
ground is dug in the ordinary way, once a-year, iu winter,as
years ago ; he wrote in 1C62.
the Celery is removed.
One
hundred
as
tons of dang
crept out of Holland to Sandwich in Kent, and thence into this soon
sometimes
applied,at a cost of between "30 and
per acre are
county (Surrey)where, though they have given "6 an acre
"40.
The
their rent, lived comfortably,
Radishes
in March
are
and upwards, they have made
sown
; the Cauliflowers,
The extension of garden farmin October in frames, and protectedfrom
and set many
ing
having been sown
peopleon work."
frost during the winter,are
ia Essex, with horse-tillage
and steam
in one
the Radishes ;
cultivation,
prickedout among
instance,has been rapid. A wealthy grower of vegetablesis and the Celeryfollows.
cultivated with the five-tine steel
Eight acres of Rhubarb
are
only latelydeceased who was among the first to emigrate from
the older site in Bedfordshire.
He arrived in the new
the more
Rhubarb."
manure
told, " the more
colony fork. I was
without capital,
and without the skill to read or write a market
Asparagus ia forced by frames and hot dung. Plants of three
three
and
lived
afford
weeks'
a
nd
then
to
farm
where
than
500
of
are
acres
years' growth
tally,
more
cutting,
destroyed;
occupy a
and a less price than 7s. 6d. for a bundle of 105 does not pay
vegetableswere
grown
every year.
the grower.
The Esses Distkiot extends from Stratford,
bricks and mortar
On the nth of July a largebed was plantedwith "Collards "
permitting,to West Ham, and thence through East Ham,
and Walcheren
Broccoli in alternate rows, at 18 inches from
"to Barking,Eainham, Dagenham, Hornchurch, and Romford.
The Broccoli will be sent to market in November.
The
to row.
row
parishes of Aveley and Purfleet are at present, but may
There
is a large fenced plot for Cucumbers
not long be, beyond the boundary of vegetable-growing.They
and
Vegetable
Marrows.
famous
for early Peas, and on
19th this year
are
now
June
The very deep cultivation which is frequentlyheard of,and
were
largegangs of women
pickingthe first crop. At Riinham
less profit,
or
Strawberries were
begun on the same
day, and Potato-digging occasionallypractisedin agriculturewith more
has not been found
desirable in market gardens. The Cabhad commenced
bages,
a few days earlier.
The crops are all seven
or
bers,
Greens,Cauliflowers,
eight days earlier than they would be under ordinaryfarming,
Broccoli,
Onions,Potatoes,Cucumwhich
without the warm
coat of manure.
The subsoil of the Thames
fillthe
markets
of
are
"c.,
London,
generally
or
Yalley is a drift of sharp small flint,
gravel; it is generally grown on a 7 or Sinch furrow; and as a rule, only one furrow
is turned for each crop.
In the case
of subsoilingfor late
covered with good lightloam, which
is in many
oases
several
to be to give
"feetin depth, and is continually
enriched by heavy dressings Carrots and for Parsnips, the object appears
mechanical
assistance to the root, to enable it to run
down
of dung.
This
district takes most
nips
of the manure
produced in the long and tapering. One of the most eminent growers of Parsin
the
district
cultivates
eastern
9
10
inches
of
and
it
the
or
London,
metropolitan
deep
supplies a largeportionof
part
of a common
in the metropolis between
by means
plough, followed by a subsoil plough.
fresh,bulky vegetablesconsumed
The whole of the produce is sent by road, A C or 7-inch furrow is enough for two horses, and 3 or
spring and autumn.
4 inches are
far as the subsoiler reaches iu a gravel loam
as
the manure
a river wharf,or
close to a station,
and, except near
with three horses.
is brought by the waggons
their return from market.
The
on
Mr. W. W. Glenny has been good enough to permit me
to
outlay on the farms, as will presently he shown, generally
exceeds
"20 an
account
of his garden-farm at Barking. It consists of
ia yielded give an
acre, and requires such a return as
made
rich
and
friable
with
150
of
acres
and
The
loam,
of
corn
only by garden crops
gravel
garden farming.
growth
manure,
The
farm
is
has been almost abandoned.
and kept in the highest state of cultivation.
with the exception of 18 acres
In this district of largegarden-farms the fields are
of perseldom
entirelyin vegetables,
manent
less than 10 acres
in extent,and are
land,which is
pasture,and 16 of wheat, on the stiffest
generallyfrom 20 to
40 acres.
furthest from the railwaystation.
the
of
the
In garden-farmingthere are no strict rules with regardto the
the
time
of
visit
farm
thus
was
At
acreage
my
"

"

"

Snocession of crops

; the land ia kept constantlyunder crop by

by replantingfrom seed-beds as fast as the fields
cleared.
are
Cabbages may follow Cabbages ; and the loading
of the market waggon
proceeds in one
part of the field while
and plantersare busilyemployed close by.
the plough teams
In the London
district Potatoes
followed by a second
are
The earliest may
he followed by Cabbages, the later by
crop.
Savoys, and the latest by " CoUards," for bunching during the
winter months, when
Cabbages are out of season.
Cabbages
should not be planted much later than the third week in June ;
they will then be sent to market in November.
Savoys are
next
prickedout from the seed bed ; and Collards,which are
when
almost
time
there
is
of
at
planted
a piece
ground to
any
spare, follow up to the end of August.
In dry seasons
the transplantedcrops requirewatering; and
although irrigation
it is sometimes
generallyis neglected,
very
beneficial to garden crops.
A 50-acre gardener, who
grows
Celery,Cauliflowers,
and other crops, showed me
a littlerivulet
running through his ground. It costs him "60 a-year ; but,
"
when
other grounds are scorched," he said, my
garden is
as green as a Leek
! It will give some
idea of speedin gardens

sowing, or

appropriated: Potatoes,34; permanent pasture, 18; springand Lisbon Onions, 15 ; Cabbage, 12 ; Red ditto,2 ; seedbeds,
sown
2 ; Carrots,7 ; Parsnips,9.J; Dwarf
Kidney Beans, 6 ;
and
food for horses,4;
Scarlet Runners, 3; Vetches
green
Parsley,IJ ; Willow and Osier beds,Ij ; Wheat, 13 ; Mangold,
men's
1 ; Cucumbers
allotments,
IJ ; Peae, 8 ; Asparagus, 1;
and Vegetable Marrows, 2; seeds,1; buildings,roads, brook,
and small crops, such as Sage, "c., 11.
Twelve
horses are
kept to cultivate the farm, convey the
produce a distance of eight miles to London, and to cart
The sums
manure.
paid for dung, exclusive of cartage, during
"211
9s. Sd., "271
16s. Id.,
the past three years have been
"

"

also
From
400 to 700 bushels of soot were
"278 15s. 2d.
one-half of the dung is purchased
About
used in each year.
iu the empty
from London
at 3s. or 3s Od. a-ton, and is drawn
way
is bought at 5s. per ton, at the rail; the remainder
waggons
other manures,
Some
station or the quay.
includingthe
also
brought on
brewery, are
spent hops from an adjoining
and

this farm.
The

"

or

live stock consists of

coupleof milch

fiftypigsduring the winter.

cows, and

forty

October

2(i,1871. ]

JOUBNAL

OF

HOBTXCULTURE

The labour bill,inclndingbeer, is "1500, or "10 an acre.

ers
At the time of my firstvisit (June17th)the number
of labourman,
employed, includingten women, a wheelwright,and a salesand their wages amounted
to "30 a-week.
was
thirty-five,
During the winter five women
are
employed preparing goods
for market, bunching Leeks, pulling and bunching Greens,

puttingup Onions, "o.

The implements of the farm, besides carts and market waggons,
consist of common
ploughs,a double-breasted or ridgingplough, for moulding Potatoes,Beans, and Peas, and some
hand-drills.
A small patenttool,
which resembles a Dutch hoe
put on wheels,must be mentioned, because its use shows the
mechnnical
face
eiJects of dung and good farming in making the surfriable. It is not uncommon
to push this little
for a man
in a day, cuttingup all the weeds
two acres
implement over
between the wide rows
of the garden crops.
A Willow-bed
suppliesbunching rods for tying the bunches
of Onions, Greens, ";c. The plantsare set at 2 feet by 18 inches,
and

AND

COTTAGE

323

GAEDENEE.

should be 3 feet apart,and a

The rows
two or three weeks.
continue to
seed is planted in every foot of the drill. Eunners
frost. When
manured,
bear until they are cut down by severe
; they
they are liable to become too luxuriant in damp summers
without
manure.
should, therefore,be plantedon good land,
when
they
on
It does not pay to support them
e
xcept
sticks,
shelter for Cucumbers; and instead of giving
are
as
a
grown
tinually
artificialsupport,an upstanding habit is induced by contopping the vine from the period of its beginning to
run," about the middle of June.
when
Unless Dwarf Kidney Beans and Eunners
are gathered
they should be sorted before sending them to
very young,
market, in order that the broad ones may be pickedout.
planted this
Cabbages. A second crop in succession was
year, on June 21st,after ploughingin a second and heavy coat
After rollingthe land a line is
of dnng with a 7-ineh furrow.
used in settingthe plants,which are put in with a short dibble,
of
In the case
Colat a distance of 22 inches by 20 inches.
lards,"which are planted 12 or 14 inches each way, a lightroll

them
"

"

"

the bed lasts twelve years.

Osiers of coarser
habit are
after the plough is followed by the " fiddle "
resembling a
baskets for vegetablesand fruit. I may note
to make
grown
that the cost of the baskets (witha few sacks)used on the farm
rake with four or five long teeth
draggedby a boy, to mark
drills for the plants.
exceeds "50 a-year.
P.irsnipsare one of the main crops which are successfully Bed Cabbages for pickling are planted in October, a yard
are
CoUards
set preand occasionally
this
farm.
The
vation
cultion
chief
their
viously
apart in each direction,
pointsto observe in
grown
in which the Cabbages will afterwards
are
between the rows
1st, To sow on land that is least liable to wireand the small creatures
worms
probablyslugs which are said be planted. The catch crop is sent to market earlyin spring,
H. Evekshei"
to be invisible to the eye, and which
the Parsnips before the ground is requiredby the main crop.
make
soon
Society's
Journal.)
so, by eating the young
plants as fast as they appear ; the (inRoyal Agricultural
remedy for slugsis soot, and the preventionis,sowing on land
(To be continned.)
that is not liable to be infested. 2nd, To take precautions
of a fine,
against having forked Parsnips,
and to grow them
BUG.
MEALY
tapering,marketable
shape by breaking the land well up and
to the previous crop.
It is not perfect
applying the manure
became infested
I HATE
an
earlyvinery which by some means
to sow
after Corn, because the land is not then in
management
with mealy bug, and I have tried the followingplan, but with
sufficient heart and tillage
As soon
asI must
leave the future to decide.
Grasses, on
what success
; or after Clover and
account
of the danger of wireworms
toes,
and canker ; or after Potaof the bunches with
set I packed all the stems
the fruit was
because Potato-ground ought to yield a crop of Greens
from
the
which
a
in
cotton wool,
prevented
bug
greatmeasure
after the Potatoes are off,
instead of lying idle tillParsnips are
The crop,
it and lodging amongst the berries.
over
travelling
sown.
They generallyfollow late Cabbages or Savoys, which which was excellent,averaged 30 lbs. to each Vine, and was
cleared respectively
are
till borne on singlerods spurred. The principal
in November
and from Christmas
varietywas Black
1st of March.
In either case, the field is not touched until immediately
all cut by the end of May.
The
bunches
were
Hamburgh.
before sowing the Parsnips,
would
and Mr. Glenny
1 then vigorouslyapplied clear water with the syringe twice
and sow
preferto plough,scarify,
on
the same
day, so that the a-day,and at intervals of a week Gishurst compound at the
seeds of the crop might start fairlywith those of the small
the Vines
as
rate of 4 ozs. to a gallonof water ; and as soon
which are
Nettle,Chiekweed, Grass, and the Shepherd's-purse,
were
strippedof their leaves I washed the stems with soft soap
favourite weeds in market gardens,frequently
tinual
and warm
escapingthe conwater appliedwith a hard brush, then scraped every
hoeing,and almost servingto establish in some
of old bark off,gave another scrubbing with the same,
quarters particle
the theoryof syontaneous generation. Supposing the clearings and
lastlypainted with Gishurst compound as directed for
of the Savoysto have been bunched
rafters and sashbars
by the Ist of March, as in winter dressing. I painted all the wood
1SS7 (14thof March
in 1868, 20th of February in 1869), the
I pared
with turpentine,and the back wall with hot lime.
land is ploughed with two horses and subsoiled with three
2 inches of soil off all the inside border, burying it in the
horses, and is thus moved
and stirred to a depth of about
kitchen garden,and I intend givingthe Vines another dressing
9 inches.
It is then drilledwith a hand-drill as earlyin March
ful
Should I be successor
two before they are started this winter.
the state of the weather permits. Mr. Glenny objectsto
as
in stamping out this horrible pest I will not fail to let yoK
preparing the land in autumn, because it solidifies too much
McGee
know.
goe.
by the time the crop is sown.
In garden-farming a stale
send mor"
would
[Our correspondent wishes "Obseevee"
furrow and a frosted surface are not entirely
since
appreciated,
details. See our number
published September7th. Eds.]
the made
soil of a garden-farm is effectuallypulverisedby
and surface tillage.Parsnips are sown
manure
15 inches apart
in the rows, and the plantis singledat 10 or 12 inches.
The
GLEANINGS.
NOTES
AND
and kept clean for i5s. an acre.
The hoeing
crop is hoed, singled,
this year had cost,up to 21st of June"
de
Geoege
Me.
First hoeing,5s. ;
Mills, formerly gardener to Baroness
IBs. 8d. ; second hoeing, 6s. Frost does not injure Rothschild
at Gunnersbury Park, died on
September 30lh, at
singling,
Parsnips. The roots are raised and sent to market from the his residence,[JxbridgeEoad, Ealing,aged eighty-fouryears.
and are in season
at
field,
time in the garden of Mr. Goldsmith
from November
tillthe end of Lent, After spending some
mersmith,
and Messrs. Lee " Kennedy's nurseries at Hamoccupying the ground longerthan any other crop.
Eoehampton,
Dwarf
he went as gaidener to Mrs. Hall Dare, of Cranbrook
Kidney Beans often follow early Cabbages, without
dung. The last of the three successive sowings is made about
who, on her death, left him a pension of "30 per
Park, Ilford,
the 21st of June.
This delicateplantis impatientof fresh maHe continued to fillthe same
annum.
post,along with that of
nure,
and requiresthe preparationof a perfect
under her son, E. W. Hall Dare, Esq.,M.P., remaining
Mr.
bailiff,
garden-tilth.
Glenny alwaysploughs twice,and for this and similar crops the altogethertwenty-two years at Cranbrook Park. In 1833 h"
land should be lightly
became
to level it and to retain moisture.
gardener at Gunnersbury, first to Mr. Copeland, and
rolled,
Drills are formed at 2^ feet apartby means
He retired in 1853,
de Eothschild.
to
Baroness
afterwards
of a small handtime in giving advice on
plough,or marker, drawn by a man and a boy ; women
follow, and after being engaged for some
and drop a seed at every 9 inches,and the drill is then covered
He
laying-outgardens,he took to Eose-growing for market.
celebrated as
successful cultivator of the Cucumber,
with a hoe.
a
by a man
The plants are carefully
hoed.
Dwarf
was
Kidney Beans grow rapjdly,and soon become what salesmen
Melon, and Pine Apple, and some
very heavy specimens of
call " old Beans."
fruit were
He published a
In hot weather
by him.
grown
they should be gathered the last-named
the cultivation of the Cucumber
and Melon, and
every other day, and they are cleared in about four pickings. treatise on
that of the Pine Apple. The
The latest-sown
on
another
Beans are cut down by the slightest
former, which wo
frost.
Mr.
late
Scarlet Eunners are generallysown
revised by the
Loudon, passed through
in the last week of April, believe was
"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

'

afterGreens.

The land is ploughedtwice,with

an

interval of

three editions.

"324

JOURNAL

OF

HOETICULTUEE

AND

COTTAGE

GAEDENEE.

[ October

26, 1871.

have also to record the death of Me. Jean Van

We
of Ghent.
and respectednurseryman
Oeekt, the well-known
He, too, had reached a ripe age, being in his 78th year at the

that the frames should be at liberty

by Christmas at the latest.
Those who can
spare time should wash all their pit and frameglassbefore the dark weather sets in,as the disproportionof the
^iime of his decease,which took placeon October 14th.
lightto the heat la the great bane of forcingin Britain during
December.
and
After the removal
of summerThe New
York Times states November
Wellingtonia
gioantea.
takes place about this period,no
time
fornia floweringplants,which
of the original"big trees" of Cali-that a section cut from one
should
be lost in having the beds freshened-up
by a light
Five
is in New York on its way to a European Museum.
digging,and freeh plants being put in so as to prevent the
in
this
"

were
days
felling
huge tree;
employed twenty-five
height is 302 feet,and its largestdiameter 32 feet. The
specimen was cut at a distance of 20 feet from the base. The
used as a ball-room ! It has
stump is covered in,and is now
tieen ascertained from counting the annular ringsthat the tree

men

its

ground having a bare and dreary aspect throughout the winter.

Nothing is better for this purpose than a supply of small neat

plantsof the different dwarf, hardy, evergreen shrubs. A sufliflower garden
of these to fill a moderate-sized
cient number
in a reserve
could be kept in pots and placed during summer
than 2509 years old.
is more
and
trouble.
Small
without
much
plants of
difficulty
ground
with
of a dark
others
the
of
shrubs,together
variegated
many
and lightgreen
tint,and the different modifications of conical
WORK
THE
FOR
WEEK.
heads and decumbent
and globular-formed
stems, would afford
GARDEN.
KITCHEN
varietyenough to render a flower garden very pleasingeven in
Pekseveke
in hoeing,forking,and surface-stirring
amongst winter. All the offsets and small stock-roots of Tulips should
Coleworts,Cabbage, late Savoys, be planted as early as convenient in the store beds.
4)rogressing
crops, particularly
They
scription
for vegetablesof this deand Kale, as a considerable demand
6 or 8 inches apart,and the strongest
may be planted in rows
and
this
more
be
throughout
expected
season,
may
3 or 4 inches apart in the rows
may be put
; the smaller ones
in the forthcoming spring. The decayed Aspara.particularly
in closer. The principalblooming roots may be put in at the
of for
should be out on a fine day, and taken care
fjus haulm
favourable
and
if
the
but
earliest opportunity
present dry
;
tied in bundles to be placed as
or
thatching the Pea sticks,
weather
continue, no time should be lost in having them
and
E
ndive
under
for
sheltering
drainage
temporary structures
plantedwhile the soil can be worked with facility.After wot
In clearingthe refuse from
Lettuce in winter.
Asparagus the operation of planting will be far less satisfactorily
formed.
perand the decayed leaves from amongst the Broccoli,
plantations,
On
They may be planted 6 inches apart each way.
if there are
Kale, Savoys, "c., observe particularly
any freshclean
of
small
of
a
soils
the
portion
most
placing
practice
be discovered,
at once
nsed mouse-holes
pour
around
; if any should
of the same
sand beneath each root, and a small cone
tants,
water hastilyinto the hole ; this will start the inhabisome
and over
it,is beneficial ; it tends to keep the bulbs clean and
of the driest
which may then be destroyed. Collect some
from accumulating
of moisture
healthy by preventing excess
Jeaves for placingabout the rootstocks ol-Artichokes ; it leaves
Other springhardy bulbs,such as
in close contact with them.
not procurable,
^re
placedry litter or fern for their protection.Hyacinths,Narcissus,Jonquils,Fritillarias,
Crown
Imperials,
OAKDEN.
PKUIT
"(;.,had better
Lilies,Snowdrops, Crocus,Dog's-toothViolets,
sort out the
Look over all kinds of stored fruit occasionally,
advantage of getting
be planted as early as possible. The
.affected fruit,
in the ground while it admits of being worked with
them fairly
wipe others,where required,with a dry cloth,and
is
and
where
the
is
it is convenient,
where
too great to be overlooked.
plan
approved of, such facilityas at present,
of the late table
Auriculas, "o., whether
pack away in boxes, drawers,or casks some
Pansies,as also plantsof Polyanthuses,
iruitin dry sand. Where there happens to be any quantityof kept in pots or frames,or planted in the open ground, should
watched
be carefully
spotted, rotten, or affected Apples and Pears, collect them
against the depredationsof slugs,which
stroyed
the frost has demake great havoc if neglected. When
together,pound them down, and press out the juice; barrel it, soon
A
it.
its
fermentation
and see
well to
the flowers and foliageof Dahlias,the stems may be
by repeatedlyracking
beverage may be thus obtained for cut down within a foot of the ground, then lay a heap, 6 or
pleasant and wholesome
material close
be gone
summer
protective
drinking. The out-door Vines should now
8 inches thick,of dry sawdust or some
The roots
the stem, extending about a foot each way.
over, and all the lateral shoots that have been left on the strong round
more
shoots may be taken out, and two or three of the jointsof all had better not be taken up until the tubers have become
This
off.
will
tribute
conat
wood
4he young
once
greatly
pruned
fullyripened.
which will
CJNSEEVATOKY.
to the ripeningof the wood.
GKEENHOUSE
AND
Every means
should be
tend to encourage
the ripening of the young wood
These
structures will now, of course, be arranged in a systematic
at
of them, begin to
the trees in old orchards,and remove
The inmates, or at least some
adopted. Look over
way.
pare
Preworthless and worn-out.
considered
those that are
plantsadapted for
once
put on their winter attire. The numerous
will begin to afford much
fication,
gratifor making new
Gooseberries, winter and spring-flowering
plantationsof Strawberries,
ijurrants,
and Raspberries. A portion of the old plantation
which will be enhanced
by the desolate appearance
should be grubbed-up annually and renewed, if an abundance
themums,
Scarlet Pelargoniums, Salvias, Camelhas, Chrysanoutside.
require
of fine fruit is expectedto be obtained.
Cyclamens, and Perpetual Eoses, will now
a
liberal supply of
of them
careful management, and most
FLOWEK
GARDEN.
strict
a
let
are
flowers
Now
that summer
waning
eye be
water.
should
be completed as
weather
Preparationsfor severe
botanical interest,
soon
as
possible. All tender stock intended for protectionkept on those which,though of no particular
the gloom
under
placed in its winter quarters, are of great importance as cheeringthe mind amidst
glass must be at once
Let all
all out of doors appears so desolate.
A good of winter when
plunging it as before observed in ashes or sawdust.
the
be
kept near
though
floweringplants,of whatever kind they are,
"supplyof garden mats should be instantlyprovided,for althose
from
let
and
to
situation
be
found,
expensive they must be had, as it is follyto permit glassin the lightest
until they commence
climates enjoy bottom
warm
heat, if possible,
the ravages of the frost before they are procured. A good stock
Of
when
they will do tolerablywell without.
flowering,
should be laid-byin a dry shed to put round
sawdust
of new
goniums,
be carried out where Ericas,Pelarcourse, such plans cannot
the stems of tender Eoses or half-hardyplants. This should
climates
are
and hardwooded
plantsfrom temperate
always be obtained as new and fresh as possible. It should
to those who
time ; when it preserved. I merely throw out the suggestion
not,however, be applied to the plants for some
-W. Keane.
number
of
structures.
have
a
a
be
chosen,as
is applied a dry period should, if possible,
"casingof such material immediately after heavy rains would
for confined air or damp is a
probably prove very prejudicial,
LAST
WEEK.
THE
DOINGS
OF
shutters are
Wooden
greaterenemy than frost in many cases.
GAKDEN.
KITCHEN
work
as
a temporary frameto lay on
very useful things, whether
the end of June.
as
The
past week was almost as warm
to cover
or
to exclude wet and the keenest of the frost,
assumed
a
oases
Flower
beds in many
bright appearance.
Old worn
sashes which have
pitsand frames instead of mats.
of the Nosegay
and
some
Yellow Calceolarias were
yellowagain,
ing
been strippedof their glassmay be brought into use
by thatchened
rather fine,but we fear that the threatwere
them with a straw facing; temporary frames composed of scarlet Geraniums
rain will deprivethem of their beauty. As we wanted to
dinary
rough slabs,may be readilygot up to receive them, by any orof the littledecayed dung at its bottom, in
carpenter.Such will prove a relief to the regularframes, empty a shallow pit
to part of our
two wheelings,we took it at once
there is no surplusof these, order to save
for in very many
establishments
Asparagus ground. We cut down the Asparagus stems with an
and most
betimes to force Asparagusor
of them are wanted
raked the
that appeared,
Cucumbers, or for earlyMelons, "o., which purposes require old scythe,knocked up the few weeds
"

October

23, 1871. 1

JOUBNAL

OF

32E

GAEDENEE.

COTTAGE

AND

HOETIOULTUEE

of salt, throughout,whilst all we wanted was to give a littleextra heat

ground roughly with a wooden rake,gave a sprinkling
to the first bed we have made this autumn, and this the dung
to form
and then placed on the surfaoe enough of the manure
will do, whilst the mats round will prevent the steam
This coveringis chiefly beneath
in thickness.
a coveringfully2 inches
we
get the
now
frosts affectingthe Mushrooms
growing. When
and buds from severe
put on in order to save the crowns
of new
than the warmth
desired heat in the bed, not more
in winter and spring.
heat
down
the mats, and can easilykeep
Cucumbers.
Those
which were
plantedin pots sunk in a milk, we shall remove
and steam
rough fibrous dry loam over the
by throwing some
bed in a pit,have produced unusuallywell all the season.
warm
will do for another
This, mixed with the manure,
to have replacedthem
"We meant
before now, but they are still surface.
those raised on shelf
them justyet, piece of a bed, and we generallymake
"bearingso freelythat we do not like to remove
The material we
and therefore have potted some
strong plantsin 10-inch pots, platforms before the beds on the ground.
the
have often alluded to ; horse droppings,with about an equal
remove
in little space until we
fio that we
may keep them
be rather
and
this
should
is
the
best,
-otheiB. It is likelyenough that with a rich,light,
top-dressing portion of short litter,
at this season.
inclined to dryness than to wetness, especially
the plantswould
bear all the winter,but there is a littlemore
As often stated,however, we have had fine beds formed chiefly
risk with them than with younger plants. We latelytook out a
enduring heat, and with
of litter and tree leaves to give an
mer
plantshowing signsof distress ; it had stood through the sumAll these
the surface.
3 inches of horse droppings on
from
had a plant in a wooden
Once we
and winter of 1870.
matters, however, have alreadybeen largelydwelt upon.
box in a Pine stove that stood and bore well for two winters
Besides
and the greater part of three summers.
frequent
DEPAETMENT.
ORNAMENTAL
and manure
Besides
;praningand cutting,and frequent rich top-dressings
mowing, cleaning,and rolling,the chief work has
ing
received
a
treatment
it
was
ing
spongbeen potting,shifting,
waterings,the peculiar
making cuttings,washing glass,renewat times of the thick stem to remove
greenishincrustations.
glasswhere broken ; also making arrangements for lifting
and the consequent some
The cracking of the stem longitudinally,
plant3,for making Calceolaria cuttings in the manner
and pottingPinks, and for getting
damping and dacaying at the cracks, destroyed the plant at often described for planting
do not think there was
last. Bat for curiosity,
E. F.
we
any real Chrysanthemums under cover.
-advantagein keeping the plant so long ; for even as respects
rather
in
Cucumbers
in
little
room
large
space
may be kept
CORRESPONDENTS.
TO
pots until they are turned out into beds or fruitingpots,so as
"

"

until next
unanswered
at once.
remain
must
N".B. Many questions
this plant years before we
troubled with the
were
week.
"disease,as whilst its attacks continued we could find no
do not
we
so
know
is very severe,
^onr loss we
Epitaph
{Stafford)."
remedy, except frequent sowing and planting, for after the criticise your letter,but suggest that you should adopt this epitaph and
round
the garden, one
day
A
moral
its
:
wandering
the
gardener
disease appeared we were
on
save
plants. ponder
perfectly
helplessto
One of his fellow-labourers replied,
asked, Who plucked that flower?
what
As we
have
are
ignorant now
frequentlystated,we
The
Master
It was
plucked it.' The gardener held his peace."
brought it,and what took it away. We met with a fact latelyin
except
Plans
(A New
Book
Beginner). We know of none
Garden
of
In
establishment
where Cucumbers
an
ware
grown for market.
Flower-Garden
our
Plans," price 53.
house there was
In another house
one
not a trace of disease.
finished and
PoETBAlT
Me.
Eivees's
Brothers)."It was
(Drummoud
Society six
the plantsweie
of the Royal Horticultural
killed ; there was
the breaking-outgutteringon
suspended in the Council Room
the fruit,
and the unmistakeable
brownish blotch on the foliage. months ago 1
Seedhno
They are very rich and
Fcchsia
(ff.B!i(i"2)."
Leaves
of
The
glasssashes of this house had been brought a good many
the other yellow with
crimson
with a black centre, and
unique" one
miles from
where
had been used for Cucumbor-

show fruit

to

We

"

had

"

"

'

'

'

"

"

a
place
they
The
diseased.
.growing,and where the Cucumbers
grown were
had been thoroughlywashed, but it would
glassand woodwork
seem

that somehow

the taint had

come

with the sashes. Fresh

and

green centre
EcHETEEiA

propagation

crimson

279 of

{L. B.)." We

Stove

nerves.

METALLICA

in page

We published the
(Lower Norwood)."
of the 12th inst.
number
our

cannot

givean opinion

mode

of

of its merits, not knowing

who tried it.

paintingmight have obviated the evil. We can only say might, anyone
Glass
Oechakd
have washed glass,woodwork, and walls
Patent
(F. B.)," We know nothingof the atruotnie.
we
own
case
depends upon
Fruits
Peices
op
(J. B. C.)."So much
hot as it could be applied. We have shut the
Peobable
as
bability
is
and
it
that
impossibleeven to guess without the proquality,
place up, and fumigated it with burning sulphur. We lime- season
of misleading.
washed the walls with hot lime and sulphur,ran a paint-brush
what
in
We
to
see
respect
fail
Cdltoee
euxifolia
(IT.D. A.)."
Cantua
all the woodwork, glass sashes included, and then, after
over
busifolia. It is a plant
of Cantua
you err in regard to your specimen
in a greenhouse,
the disease would
a fine growth and
gatheringa few fine fruit,
usually regarded as of easy culture,requires to be grown
with but
to stand
known
out the winter in Devonshire
been
has even
again show itself. The famed Cucumber-grower in the case
be treated to a compost of lightloam, flbry

ior in our
with water

referred to above may consider himself fortunate if the disease

is confined to the one
old house.
We would rather grow anything
else in it than Cucumbers.
Mushrooms.
We
missed our
old shed this summer,
ever
as whatthere might be in the park, there are reasons
for our not
taking any from thence. We have had a fair supply from the
rooms
Mush-Mashroom
house, but not the basketfuls of plump fleshy
used to have from the shed. We have coiiered a bed in
we
the Mushroom
house with a littlelitter. It has been spawned
in
about three weeks, and we should like to see the Mushrooms
another three weeks, as the older beds will be gettingthin by
that time.
This bed was in excellent order when
and
spawned
to entice the
earthed-up,and had just the desirable warmth
but for a few days latelythe heat seemed
freely,
"spawn to run
to decline too much, and hence the covering. Besides, this
bed, being a shelf bed, we put the most of the material that will
be used for another piecein the ground space for a bed underneath,
and run
round in the space between, so as to conmats
fine
little the heat of this fresh material to act on the bed.
a
We
can
easilyregulate this as well as the covering,when
the bed shall have become
warm
again. Too much
healthily
and too littlewould not so much
heat would be injurious,
injure
as delay the gatheringof the crop.
Having a hot-water pipe
could have turned heat on, but that would not have so well
we
saited our
purpose, as two other piecesare coming on, and both
beds are
yet too hot for spawning ; one, though in otherwise
excellent order,and firmlybeaten,keeping its strong heat longer
than we expected or wished, as we generallymaintain a regular
supply,not from largebeds,but from small beds followingeach
other.
Had we
appliedthe hot water, the house and this bed
would have been heated
we
are
waiting to cool sufiiciently

slightprotection,and should
As
Andes, at a
it is a native of the Peruvian
peat, and silver sand.
expected on its introduction
prettyhigh or considerable elevation, it was
as
and
as
easilypropagated
as
hardy
into this country to prove
quite
perature
Your winter temdo not keep it too hot ?
sure
Are
Fuchsias.
you
you

"

you

be as low as
may
do better.
cannot

45" without

any

detriment.

As to bottom

heat

Roses on
like to know whether
DiEFicniTiEa
Rose
their own
roots are
the Briar,or those on
on
the Manetti stock,or those
No one
can
tell,unless knowing what
in made
soil ? "
the best to grow
will do well in it. If
the made
soil is. If your soil is clayey,Briar Roses
Roses will do best. If it is light and
it is of a light character, Manetti
I am
often asked,
well.
will
do
roots
their
own
on
extra
rich,Roses
their own
"
the Briar,on the Manetti, or on
on
do you prefer,Roses
Which
Roses
Uke
all
should
I
my
cultivator,
I
a
roots ? "
am
Well, as
very high
they bloom
I buy them
on
the Manetti stock because
roots.
their own
on
roots
within two years. They are then
their own
and
at once,
get on
roots the Manetti
When
strong on their own
double-rooted.
they become
Roses
being on
The
roots
of the worked
roots will probably deteriorate.
beneath.
If
which
are
stock
Manetti
of
the
those
the surface, injure
drain
it,and mix plenty of
soil is unsuitable to Roses, you must
your
cannot
have
and
clay,
it
is
it.
If
sandy
with
you
decayed dung
is stiff,
mix
sand
land
or
If your
marl, or loam, procure chalk or lime.
Half chalk and half clay is " white
manure.
ashes, and use unfermented
it
in
of
the
two
There
are
patches
soil.
only
finest
is
land :" it
the
fails on
it, nor
any other crop.
Clover never
county of Dorset. Broad
trenching your land 3 feet deep and putting
Try and copy it. The
If you can
obtain
is good management.
6 inches of stones at the bottom
some
pasture clots, and chop them up, and mix them with the boU, they
soil
it
is
with
it
the
excellent
mix
;
have
will do good. If you
cow
dung
and
injures anything. It is
Roses, and never
for Strawberries
manure
next-named
for Dahlias
and Hollyhocks.
Buy the Roses
the manure
de Lyon, Madame
Chirard, E. Morren, Marquise do Oas"Perfection
d'Oxtord;
Chaurand, Comtesse
tellane,Elisa Boelle, Elie Morel, Baron
south frontage,Reve d'Or, Noisette, distinct and of great
for your
and

(E. ".).""! should

F. Badclvpfe.

beauty. W.
"

This

T. Q." asks, Have any of your correspondents

Peaes."
of their fruit,eEpeciallyPears, being this year deficient in
in keeping quality ?
My Pears are exceedingly deficient in

Yeae's

complained

flavour and
both flavour and

"

"

keeiiing,or

else my

taste is much

depraved.

This is

quite possible, but -will not

half the ordinary time."

explain ivhy my

AND

HOETICULTUBE

OF

JOIJENAL

326

Pears

decay in less than

Roses

(J. R.

D.)." Your

"

Plant
Protectors
Rendle's
said about them except as an

(Jeune Jardinier). Nothing

"

more

can

be

advertisement.
House

f^maffiir)."Bignonia
nolia
radicariS,Ceanofbus grandiflorus,C. azureus,Escallnnia maerantha, MagKiel,
prandiflora,Passiflora crerulea ; Roses Cloth of Gold, Marechal
the same
as
Sir Joseph Paxtnn
Eccremocarpus scaber. Tecomais
; and
Tecoma
Eignonia radicans.
jasminoides will not succeed agaiDSt a south
add Jasminum
wall.
To the plants you
name
grjmdiflorum,
you
may
biternata.
Chimonanthus
Lardizabala
fracrans,Embothrium
coccineum,
The
white
Wistaria flowers as freely as the lilac one.
and Giirrvaellipticn.
first rate Rosea for a wall, so ia Climbing
and
Solfjiterre are
Lamaique
P. ComteNesselrodeis
Next
Bevoniensis.
to Passiflora cferulea,
good, but
we
question its succeeding on a south wall. It is,however, worth a trial.
All the Ipomteas
remark
holds good of
are
too tender, and the same
Thunbergias. Tropffiolnmspeciosum will succeed.
Planting
Lilies (J. B. B.)." Plant them out as yon
out
Belladonna
border
in front of the stove, and give a top-dressing
propose on the warm
of partiallydecayed leaves.
Fruiting
Stephanotis
floribukda
(Gf.B.)." It is not unusual
for
iiaverecently been noted in our
to fruit. Several instances
this climber
and ten years ago we
saw
plants raised from seeds ripened in this
pages,
country.
Cuttings
Wistaria
sinensis
(Idem)." Put in cuttings of the young
a
shoots under
hand-light,when
they are firm,in sandy soil,and keep
them moist and shaded.
Layers, however, are preferable; every joint of
When
rooted
shoots will make
a plant.
the ripened young
pot and grow
of doors,encouraging a voung
in a warm
situation
out
them
shoot, and
take off its point at 4 feet. Stop the side shoots at three or four leaves as
of a pyramid Apple or
Pear.
The
would
those
plant sometimes
you
in fact, it generallyproduces some
flowers in autumn"
stray blossoms at
but the principal flowering takes place late in spring or
that season,
early in summer.
Garden
Planting
(C. T. B".,Borset)."JJn.leBBwe
Flower
edged the
could
whole
of the beds, we
do not see how
we
improve on your plantinR ;
be improved by Golden
stead
hut we think that 10 and 11 would
Pyrethrum inwould
of Ceraetium,
and
then instf ad of Pyrethrum we
place Cerastium
round
14,15,16, and 17. We feel sure the garden will look easy
and very pretty.
Leaves
would
the plant
Vabiegated
Mangold
save
{J.Z..)."Wo
having the yellow and green variegated foliage,and try if the seedlings
from
it would
come
true, as then it might be useful in borders of finerevert
to their
foliflgedplants. It is possible that the seedlings may
main,
original green type, and it is also probable that the variegation will rejust as in the case of Kales.
Gooseberries
seryman
{Quis). You cannot dD better than apply to the nurClimbers

for

the

South

Front

of

[ October

26, 1871.

the forcing of Rhubarb

and Sea-kale,provided the dung be
will give off some
Mushroom-bed
beat, and render less fire
It is now
too late to put in cuttings of Verbenas, except
take up the old roots with balls,
in a
You may
pot them, and
tings
winter
them
in the greenhouse. They will sffoid you a namber
of cutin spring,and these will strike freelyin gentle heat, and make
good
plants by the end of May,

arising from
The

sweet.

Briar Roses
having been budded
to
where
any so budded
they are to grow permanently, I should not move
next
fill up vacancits
or
failures, but put in fresh Briars,and bud them
Never disestablish any Roses doing well. Stocks, either Briar or
year.
moved
reManetti, established before buddmg, have a great advantage over
of the reasons
at
is one
of nurserymen's successes
Roses.
This
the best up to this
are
Rose exhibitions. The firstsix Tea Roses you name
time, and the first two are the best of all" Devoniensis, Souvenir d'Elise,
The following are
Souvenir d' uh Ami. and Adam.
Madame
Willermoz,
also good :" Homer,
Rubens, Sombreuil, and President; and for glass
de Cazes, and Madame
culture, Eliee Sauvage, Vicomtesse
Bravy. The
I have
Tea Roses, so far as
seen
following are the best of the new
them"
Trifle,and Marie Sisley. Marie
viz., Madame
Margottin. Madame
band round
Sisleyis a perfectglnbe and full,and when it has a roseate
W. F. Radclyffe.
the edges of the petals it is a very superior Rose.
Budding

GARDENER.

COTTAGE

heat

necessary.
brisk heat.

Hot-water
Pipes (J. "")." The zinc pans will
on
Evapokating-pans
admirably for the purpose, and with care will last many
answer
years. In
making the base semicircular to clasp the 4-inch iron pipe, there will be a
at each
be from
to
three-fourths
side, and if there
depth of water
Of course,
if the
1 inch in the centre,it will do for general purposes.
depth over the centre is 2 inches it will take a longer time to evaporate the
to fit the pipes tolerablywell,there will bo
water.
If the pans are made
of evaporation by merely settingthem
on
the hotamount
a considerable
if along the sides,at
water
pipes. The evaporation will be increased
bottom, and each end there is a coating of white or red lead notoverthick.
of evaporation from
the greatest amount
Butif you want
your pans, you
well overwith
red leader
thick paint,and
rounded bottom
must smearthe
the pipe when
it is rather
cool. In the
on
then squeeze it firmly down
small
the air, however
the quantity of it between
the hotfirsttwo cases
In the third case no
water
pipe and the trough, acts as a non-conductor.
air

can

second
the

of water

would
not believe that between
the
left. A clever mechanic
there could be much
third mode
difference,until he saw that
method
took double the time to evaporate a certain quantity
that the third method
did.

be
and

second

House
(An Old Subscriber). Will not 6Heet to the ridge
Tank-heated
With
a
4-feet-wide
rather low for a Ifj-feet-wide
span-roofed house?
littlehead room, or if the sides of
in the centre you will either have
are
the house
high enough for that, then the roof must be rather flat. With
if the sides were
it would
not matter
rather low, as
suflScient head room
for plants. We
have
we
you intend to have a platform all round
presume
no
objection to the tank-heating, but we do not perceive how a saving iu
when
for 9d. per foot ;
is to be managed
be had
good piping can
expense
of opinion. Unless
the tank
of wood,
is well made
but that is a matter
cement
or
an
be so
iron tank
would
think that either
a
do not
we
for affordingbottom
cheap as having iron pipes with rubble round them
The
heat.
objection to wood is, that it gives out little or no heat from
the top. If a tank
is formed
the slates on
of
the si^es,but only from
the sides might
In such a case
brick or iron, the sides will radiate heat.
inside
be 7 inches in height,though the water
might be no higher thaa
4 inches.
at most
You are
3 inches, or
quite correct in respect to the
be level
with the boiler, but the tank must
of connecting the tank
mode
own
admirably, but our
opinion is,
throughout. The tank will answer
them
rubble, and covering
be cheaper, packing round
that pipes would
the top with fine-washed
upright to
gravel,with holes or pipes inserted
With the 3-inch pipes
the rubble when
water among
necessary.
pour
in keeping up in
be no
difficulty
round the house besides, there would
45^ to Sb"^in
weather a temperature at least 10" higher than from
severe
than 4,^inches
With
these
winter.
pipes your tank need not be more
culate
deep. See what is said of having the sides deep. The water would cirfreelyenough in both tanks and pipes if,as you propose, the pipes
be close all round,
level than the tank, but the pipes must
were
on
a lower
be inserted,which, if open
at
and
at the highest point an air pipe must
You
had
stand' a foot higher than the level of the tank.
the top, must
of a jjlug
better bave
an
opening in the top of the tank, so that by means
be able at times to regulate the flow,until the pipes on the lower
you may
that
be necessary.
may
level get their fair portion of the flow. Sometimes
will equally answer
A small saddle boiler or a small conical one
bo regulated.
a damper
well
and
be
if
it
used,
properly
set,
your purpose
"

be

tank

Plants
(J.P.)." We have no doubt that the proposed plan
generally. Planting out or plunging pots as required will
blishment
plants will not get weak as in the estaany stage. The
will they be disinclined
to bloom
refer to, nor
freely,as
you
will be unobstructed, and the f^lass will be so much
the lightin your
case
you name.
the plants. The small boiler inside the house will do, but it would
nearer
The best time to gather your
Pears
Gathering
{Ewmn
Powle)
the house,
the outside. One pipe round
be better if you could feed it from
Pears is when
the spur by
they will sever
easilyfrom
"Winter Crasanne
of plass exposed, will scarcelykeep the frost oat in
with such a surface
merely liftine the fi-uitupwards without twisting or wrenching them off. severe
of glaziiig,.
We
have no objection to the proposed mode
weather.
The Winter Crasanne
ripens uncertainly, and rarelyripens at all. The
soft non-conducting material between the glass
only we should like some
tbem
is to stew them.
best way to use
and the iron clips.
will not
Not
Watering
Vines
(A Novice). The Vines
suffer,though
(T. B T.)."With trees against the back
Construction
Orchard-house
be dry for a couple of inches or
the soil on the surface of the border
may
planted there, if the pathway
wall it will be better to have no standards
far from
You
the surface.
so
could
not keep the
so, as the roots are
then have the hack wall in fruit to
You can
should be a little nearer.
well
if
soil
is
think
the
watered now.
We do not
that any mode
Grapes
The
other arrangements as reganis planting and
of the wall.
the bottom
of keeping Grapes quite equals leaving them
the Vine
on
in a dry house,
pots will do. The ventilation will not be too much; it will be sufficient
in bottles
but the bunches
of
ke^p veiywell with the shoot inserted
24 to 30 inches
if you have a ventilator at each end, sny a triangle from
The
into Turnips or Beetroot.
important point is,that
water, or even
It would be advisable to divide the house and boat one
wide at the base.
be airy,dry, and free from
the place where tbey are put must
frost. It
it would
be advisable to have
a couple of pipes
and for fruit in June
part,
is often
a
advisable to make
compromise, and so treat Grapes after
have
White Fronearliest end
in the coldest portion. For your
you may
be used for other purChristmas, as whilst they hang the house cannot
poses.
Muscat
Vines.
For
tignan, Black Hamburgh, Royal Muscadine, and even
Trebbiano, West's St. Peter's, and,
the late house have Black Hamburgh.
"As
a Vinert, "c. (TF.2^ocfc)
a wall
Erecting
Of
at the north
Peaches
have
Grosse
Downo's.
you have
Early
if heat is given, Lady
early
for early Grapes recommend
a lean-to house.
For earJiling,
Seedside,we would
Mignonne, Noblesse, Bellegaide ; of Nectarines,Elruge, Hardwicke
should prefer bringing the glass rocf within 2 or 3 feet of
ness, too,we
Rivers's Orange, Violette Eative, "c.
to walk all round, you
will require the front
the ground ; but as you want
"c. (E. F. IF.)."I get my
nitro-phosphate from
NiTRO-PHOspnATE.
to be from
5^ to 6 feet in l)eipht,and about 4 feet t.fthat to be glass. Mr. Blandford, of the Dorset Nurseries, Blandford.
It is the same,
I
With
Vines
or
an
iron
planted at the back and in front,i\ wooden
open
I use
it for Peach
and Nectarine
trees, as
blood manure."
believe,as
The spfirredshelf for plants might
trellis would
be best for walking on.
Steevie
takes
the trees are heavily cropped.
well as Roses, when
up
the central
be 2^ feet from
the ground in front, and
stage 8 feet a double handful, drops it into my three-gallonwatering-pot,gives it a
do well,but you can
from the ground. A flat stage would
have more
the
"radius
of the roots.""
over
Eood stir with a stick,and then pours
If you
plants if your stage has a centre and falls to the back and front.
One, two, or three gallons according to the requirements of the treesforce early,the bedding plants will have
to be removed
after you
soon
excellent
manure
It ia an
the roots.
Roses
wall trees" is poured on
or
do most
Such
service
when the Vines aie
begin to force.
simple houses
and innocuous.
Apply it to the Rose trees in April,or at any time they
assisted
rather
than forced.
The depth of 2 feet will do for the Vine
but when
Mr
not
it. I am
a vinitor,
Beck, Mr. Sturt's distinguished
require
be looked
to before
border, but as you plant inside,the drainage must
two
Black
and wall trees, I told him
to see the Roses
my
gardener, came
making the border. A flue will heat such a house, from 20 to 30 feet long,
first-rate" every
old, planted outside),shanked
vears
Hamburghs
(fifty
could not do better than refer you to our
we
admirably. As to expense,
anarch"Pluck
them
Vines inside,have
He
said,
up, plant new
year.
advertising colnmns, where you will sea how much
a cheap houffe will
then you will have
out into the outer soil,and
for the roots to run
way
cost.
some
good Grapes." W. F. Radclyffe.
Greenhouse
Shelves
(AT. G.)."The proposed alteration of shelves
Spiders
(A Lodyin Cheshire)." Unny spiders live through the winter?
will not interfere with the bedfling Geraniums, "c
further than
from
that their ixistence
the
individuals lead us to the conclusion
in fact,some
continue in the
lowering of the shelves they will bo at a greater distance from the t'lass, may
Of those
that hybernate, some
last several
years.
and
liable to draw.
The
ammonia
in
the
and others
from
constructed
wil),therefore,be more
a Mushmigrateroom-bed net which
have
autumn,
they
beneath the stage will not injure the plants,nor will the steam
i from one spot to another in mild weather, making occasional nets to
House

will

for

answer

than

look neater

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

JOtlENAL

26,1871. ]

Oetoier

AND

HORTICULTURE

OF

COTTAGE

327

GARDENER.

nets, to which

ing
but their kindness gave poor Jack a most distresskitchen fire,
and throats
catarrh ; something else covered their mouths

bum

with what 1 believe is called canker ; the cocks had their tall
cause
straightcombs frostbitten,their faces became full of sores beThe
beefsteak and gave them too much.
on
I fed them
refused to let them share their warmlysix hens persistently
illustration
and painful
covered run, by givingthem a practical
and we all eventuallysuccumbed
of their fightingpropensities,
wretched
One
of misfortunes.
to this formidable
army
and sister all
his brother
in December, Jack and

their
take long journeys from
Some
flies,moths, "o.
is severe.
they return as winter retreats when the weather
turn
it
would
up
but
for several weeks,
One has been noticed to be absent
again, and the only way to explain this is to suppose that while on an
tor
a
rendered
is
sluggish
it
excursion, through a change of temperature,
time, and cannot
get home.
HazleiHSEOTs
(Igiwramus]."1hewhite grubs, just like those found in
the
Ficus
elastica, are
nuts, which have destroyed the roots of your
larvie of .a brown
beetle of the weevil family, belonging to the genus
Otiorhynchus, which in the spring time feed on the youug foliage after
dark.
The
only plan to get rid of the grubs is to repot your plants, and
secure

chnnco

the old soil"

morning

I. O. W.

Fedit
Nahes
of
(J. B., Torquay)." The Peach witn the flesh like a
Ans.
Deux
(X. r.)."Hunt's
highly-coloured Beetroot, is Sanguinoie.
Clairgeau ;
; 7, Beurrc
{PortlaiulHouse)." 1, Beurre Amaude
; 5, Dunmore
Defais ;
12, Beurre
d'Automne;
10, Beurre
d'Aremberg; 11, Fondante
14, Seckle ; 16, Marie Louise; 17. Knight's Monarch; 18, Passe Colmar;
20 and 21, Urbaniste; 22, Bezi d'Esperen. Apple, Cellini. {W. Mtller)."
Russet; 22, Coe s
S, Kentish Codhn ; 10, Court pendu-plat; 13, Golden
Golden Drop. ^B. Martin).-!, Huyshe's Prince of Wales ; 2, Bellissime
Noel.
Bosc
; 6, Belle aprcs
d'Hiver; 3, Hampden's Bergamot ; 4, Beurre
{Peter Tait]."1,Margil ; 8, Aromatic Russet ; 4, Blarsh Pi|)pin; 5, Morris's
Edward's.
Pear is King
{W. and
The
Kusset; 6, Herefordshire Pearmain.
do Jodoigno ; 3, March
M. M. Goiildiiig)."!,
Gendebien
; 2,,Triomphe
JBergamot.
native of the Himalaya.
vitifolia,
Names
Plants
of
(S.H.)." Anemone
of Peru
and Chili.
chelidonioides, native
(B. L. D.)." A, Calceolaria
ruber,
a
common
wildling. c, Centranthus
montanum,
B, Epilobium
"The
J'.
Finger-grass,
the Red Valerian,
S.)
japonica. (J.
d. Anemone
sanguinale. [W. D. A.). Tbe
Digitaria sanguinalis,otherwise Panicum
The purple flower is Peristrophe speciosa,
Calceolaria is C. eheUdonioides.
Justicia
more
as
speciosa. {J. C). 1, Polypodium
generally known
tenerum
; 3, AspleSchkuhrii, a variety of P. pectinatum ; 2, Adiantum
nium
(W. ".)." The Anemone
(Darea) Bellangerii, aims Veitchianum.
received
from
we
(flower only, not a scrap of other information),
you
be
think may
now
named
and which we
A. pavonina (A. fulgens), we
A. japonica,of which we this week have received a similar specimen from
wonld
in that case
another correspondent. Its blooming at this season
be perfectly consistent.
(A. ".)." You sent thirty-sixspecimens.
"

"

BEE,

POULTRY,
POULTRY

AND

EXPERIENCE

CHRONICLE.

PIGEON

PURCHASED."

No.

3.

went
a
long journey to the happy hunting grounds,{return
is
firm belief that Fortune
tickets not issued),and it is my
just see suffioiently
not BO blind as she pretends to be, but can
through her bandage to turn her wheel the wrong way when
she sees me
coming. Now, before I close my letter,if I have
Never
"adorned
a tale,"let me
try to "point a moral."
not

attempt to rear birds of

something of their habits

When

the
and

Castilian breed

until yon
Xi.

know

J. K.
requirements."

ROUP.
OF
CURE
bird is attacked with the sharacteristiccough of this

about the beak with difficulty

malady, or has tenacious mucus
of breathing,I place it in a wicker coop in a quiet shed, and
of
fountain
containing about a gill_
put before it a drinking
with which I have mixed one
drop of tincture of aconite.
water
has had
In every instance during three years this treatment
eiiect almost marvellous,for, upon visitingthe patientan
an
have
I have found that the symptoms
hour or two afterwards,
vanished. The attack for a day of two is hable to return, yet
has
form, but continuingthe application
each time in a lighter
the ailment
in no instance with ns failedcompletelyto remove
hours.
in about forty-eight
much
so
the disease should have made
progress
In case
before it is observed that the sufferer is unable to drink,it will
This
is
dose.
the
accomplishedby
easily
be necessary to give
pouring into the throat about a teaspoonfulof the medicine as
described.
Such an instance occurred here during excessive

have
misfortunes
since I commenced
poultry-keeping
two
of the houses
absent from
one
I was
wet weather,when
inclined to believe that the
and so various,I am
been so many
kept in condition,I
to see that all was
happy people I read of weekly have all the pleasureand profit days. Upon going
dead
almost
of the perches
one
found a fine old fellow under
"eonneeted with it,and my
unhappy self all the trouble and
and dosed him immediately.
I separated
ladies being prizewinners, from very acute roup.
loss. But for the fact of so many
continued
extremely
the
all
lost
He soon
roupy symptoms, but
I should
imagine Fortune bestows her favours only on the
weak, and appearedto be fast sinkingfrom atrophy. A naedical
to her own.
sterner sex, and refuses the honours
homeopathic administration of
friend suggested trying the
Let me
tell you how I once
fondlyimagined 1 could rear
His advice was
taken, with the best result. This
Black
Spanish, and how I suffared for my presumption. I arsenic.
bird will,we hope, appear at the CrystalPalace Show.
began by covetingmy neighbour'sbirds of that noble breed, very
be purchased of any homosodilution 3, may
The aconite
six
which was very wrong ; then I got dissatisfied with my own
pathicchemist." Mbs. Fkank Cheshire.
of that very useful but
.goodmotherly hens, because they were
My

barndoor.
My neighbour did not wish to sell
WOUNDS.
-FOWLS'
doomed
to the fate of
FOR
OINTMENT
any of his poultry,and I thought I was
a
Tantalus
small scale;however, his gallantryultimately
on
which
I have tried with
ointment
The followingforms an
cockerels and a
two
overruled
his selfishness,
and he sent me
short time the wounded heads
; it heals in a very
great success
hatched
were
he could spare
late,
pullet,the only ones
(they
of oxide
of cocks after they have been fighting. Mix an ounce
anxious
end of July),since I seemed
to possess the breed.
of hogs' lard; add, after mixing, a little
of zinc with 2 ozs.
Though gratefulfor the concession, I was rather astonished at olive oil,and apply with a feather once
twice a-day.
or
the chickens, then about eight weeks old, for their first appearance
Digitalis.
the
little
All
was
anything but prepossessing.
mieat that age comfortablyclothed
seen
"chickens I had ever
were
As there appears to be some
Show.
Poultet
Devizes
but these were
with feathers,
the Poultry
quiteinnocent of anythinf;save a undarstanding amongst exhibitors as to whether
is to be
iew patches of dirty grey down, and I thought that if " fine and
Pigeon Show to be held in Devizes in December
fine birds,"no feathers at all make
feathers do make
very ugly
confined to the county of Wilts, allow me space
or
open to all,
Still I hoped they would
ones.
improve as they grew older, to say that competition
is open to the whole kingdom, or I may
and inherit the grace and majesty of their parents. They grew
Committee.
the
One
oe
say the whole world."
older and rather bigger certainly,
and looked like a kind of
will see this and patronise
[We hope " the whole kingdom
"
Jackdaw
miniature
Ostrich
and
the
of
a
between
cross
the Show, for the schedule of prizesis good." Eds.]
The
six highlyrespectablehens resented the preEheims."
sence

plebeianstrain

"

"

"

"

of the immodest

creatures
in their run
as
a
personal
unceremonious
speedilyejectedthem in a most
the
which
about
outside
in
so
was
they ran
garden,
manner,
was
very bleak and exposed. As the weather for earlyautumn
when
the
little
sunshine
saw
a
and
raw
cold,
things
poor
very
to bask in it.
in the next garden they very naturallyflew over
My friend next door, however, was very proud of his neat little
garden,and he mildlysuggestedI should keep my chickens at
home, a requestso very reasonable that the few wing feathers
at once
clipped,which, as it was the
of the " Spaniards were
only protectionthey had, it was refined cruelty.
them respectivelyJack,"and " Jack's
The children had named
in
and the wretched trio would persist
and " sister,"
brother
standingshiveringat the back door,tillthe children,brimming
let them in " justfor one good warm," at the
with pity,
over

insult,and

"

' '

"

The poultryof Mr.

Poultkt.Sale op Mk. James Watts's
James
Watts, whose lease of Hazelwell Hall, King's Heath,
sold by auction by Messrs. Ljthall " Clarke,
was
has expired,
brisk, and high priceswere
the 11th inst. The biddingwas
on
tained
of the highest prices obThe
realised.
following are some
Brahma
cock,the winner of several prizes,
A Dark
:"
"5.
Light
"6 3s. ; a pair of hens, "10 ; a pair of pullets,
sold well,one
pair of pulletsfetching"4 5s.,whilst
Brahmas
Buff
clear
A
and
"1.
"1
"1
15s.,
6s.,
birds reaUsed

single

prizes,fetched "5 5s.,a

Cochin-China cock, winner of many
and "1 5s. Silver10s.,and other birds "2 4s.,"1 10s.,
and Spanish also fetched good prices.
spangled Hamburghs
given for single
For dark Grey Dorkings "1 8s. and 15s. were
sold for "2 2s.,"1 16s.,"1 10s,
were
(single)
birds ; Bantams
hen "3

JOURNAL

328

OF

HORTICULTURE

AND

COTTAGE

[ October

GAKDENEK.

2C, 1871.

and "1 4s.

of us would
to say,
Pigeons also sold well,the highest prices being some
be sure
Now father,go and shake
"4 10s. for a pair of Dentellettes, "2 15s. for a pair of Laced
them.'
{EuralNeii) Yorker.)
Tnrbits,"2 12s. for a pair of White African Owls, "1 18s. for
a pair of Blue
Antwerp?, and "1 2s. for a pair of Blue Tarbits.
ROSS
SHOW.
POULTRY
Mr. Watts is negociatingfor a new
lease,and does not purpose
Few
firstattemptsat the establishment of a poultry
show have been
abandoningponltry-breeding.
snccessful than that which resulted in the Exhibition
more
at Ross,
the 24th inst.,
the generalquality
of the birds beinggood. As is
on
usual at first shows, there were
matters
that might have been carried
SPOILING
THE
GOOSE
EGGS.
'

"

"

"

Mt

mother

used to think

"

said Aunt

Fanny

to

of

group

out more
as
satisfactorily,
regards the arrangement by
particularly
which
each exhibitor had to provide his own
show pens.
This oversight

youthful listeners, that in order to have Geese eggs hatch, it

of the present year will be, we
casions.
hear, remedied on future ocwas
The tents were
and admitted of no improvement.
necessary to handle them with the greatestcare, and that
excellent,
no
In Bralimas all competed together,
account must
on
and they proved a good entry.
they be carried over a stream of running
Dark ones
second.
In Cochins-,
She had heard the saying from childhood,and I supwater.
being first.
Light-feathered
Partridgepose
coloured were
and Buffs second.
Of Grey Dorkings there was
first,
never
founded
on
stopped to consider whether it was
of
the
best
of
Game
fowls
one
to
one
of the
entries,
a
nd,
strange
or
say,
not.
One spring,when I was
reason
about twelve years old
worst entries in the Show.
The adult iS^iwiish,
not
as
a
rule,were
and my brother Joe fourteen,
motherresolved
Goose
to set some
few
but
shown.
in
both
chickens
a
Black
Reds
were
were
good,
good
Fanny,' she said, is getting to be most a young
eggs.
the prizetakersin a general Bantam
class. A better
cases
Variety
and it is time I was
woman,
raisingsome
feathers;'though, class
has rarelybeen exhibited; and the class for chickens of any
for the matter of that,she needn't have done it,for I've never
varietywas unexceptionably
good. The Water Fowls and Turkeys
needed but one
bed so far," continued
aunty, in a tone nowise
were
meritorious,
praiseworthy. Most of the Pigeons were
generally
then
her
she
the
of
thread
added
regretful
to the interest of the meeting. The
recovering
attention
;
story,
ceeded.and
proconsiderably
to the management of the birds,and the liberal feeding,
were
worthy
mention.
Mr. Treasure,of Ross, exhibited a remarkably
of especial
One Fridayafternoon,at preparatorylecture,mother
heard
Dark
rule
of
Brahma
but
the
good pair
as
chickens,
that Aunt DillyDunham
requiredtwohad Geese eggs to spare ; and moreover,
pnlletsand a cockerel,
they could not take a place in the prizelist.
that she would exchange them for hens' eggs, one for two.
Veryfine weather and a good attendance of visitors marked the Show.
So earlythe nest morning mother started Joe off to make
an
Brahmas."
2. J. H. Watking, Bvford, Hereford.
1, T. A. r"ean, Marden.
egg trade with Aunt Dilly. He had to go about a mile and
Cochins.
"1, Rev. H. W. Tweed, Eridstow
(Partridge). 2, O. Bloodworth,
foot. It would never
a half on
do to ride old Tip, she said,lest Cheltenham
(Buffs), lie,W. Morris, Ross.
BORKINGS.
Harold.
E. Shaw, Oswestry.
1,
2, J. McCnnnell, Ewais
the jolting
should addle the eggs; 'and mind you go cross-lots, Game."
(Brown
Reds)
(BlacliReds).
1,E. Shaw
2, A. Armitase, Dadnor
1 and
Hameurghs."
(Silver-spangled and Silver-pencilled)..
through a corner of the woods, and keep this side of the creek,
2, J. McConnell
lie.C. Bloodworth.
and then you will not have to cross
the house
the bridge near
Spanish.
1, R. H. Greaves, Trewaugh. 3, J. McConnell.
Bantams."
at all.'
lie,T. Roper (2);J.
1, F. Wilson. Morpeth.
2, T. Roper, Ross,
Mother, I don't believe it would hurt those eggs a
Bloodworth
e, H. Theyer, Waif ord Court.
; T. S. Bamett, "Walford.
particleit I should carry them over
fiftybridges,'said Joe.
Any
Variety
(Including Cross-breed).
1, J. F. Mortimer, Rudhall
It is well enough to be careful,'
answered
mother ;
it is (Crt-ve-Cteur).2, C. Bloodworth
(Silv*-r-spangledPolauds). he, 3. McConnell
Hall
(Bine
Polands); H. Theyer. e, Sir J. R. Carnac, Bart., Wilton
gettinglate in the season, and I don't know where I could get (Silver
E.
A. Phillpotts. Trelleredcc
An^alusians):
Williams, Henllys (Houdans):
"

'

'

"

"

"

"

"

'

other

'

"

'

worth
if these should fail.' So Joe set ofi on
Chickens.
his errand.
1, J. Bloodworth
(White Cocbinsf. 2 and 4, C. Blood(Houdans).
any more
iBuff Cochins). 3, T. S. Bamett
lie,J. Bloodworth
(Black SDaniah).
He returned about noon, with nine Geese eggs which
mother
; E.
(White Cochins) ; T. A. Dean
(LitfhtErahmas)
(21;A. Armitatie ; E. Shaw
put in a hen's nest, in an old barrel turned down on its side, Williams (Creve-Cceur).c, H. W. Barnett (Buff Cochins).
or
Docks.
Boucn
Aylesbury. 1 and 2, F.Wilson,
he, Lt.-Col. W. S. Rooke.
behind the smoke house.
She charged us children to keep away
otiier
E.
H.
Any
e,
Shaw,
Oswestry,
Theyer.
Bigf^ieswearHouse, Rouen;
from the nest entirely,
but told us that in four weeks she hoped
Variety, including Cross-breeds." 1, A. Armitage (Wild Ducks). 2, T. S. Bamett
( Black
East
(Cross-bred) ; L. C. Lawsoa
Indian), he, F. J. Kearsey, Glewtton
to have a nice flock of goslings. That night,when
Joe and I
(Bro^vn Decoy).
out in the back pasture after the cows, Joe said to me,
were
Geese.
2, T. S. Barnett.
1,J. Loverid"?e, DafTaluke.
A.
Turkeys."
E.
Shaw
Armitage.
he,K. M. Power.
1,
(Cambridge). 2,
Fan, mother will never
get any goslingsfrom those eggs if
PIGEONS.
her notion is true, for I carried them over that bridge,and the
Bakes."
he, J. H. Watkins, Byford,Hereford1,H. Yardley, Birminijham.
high water was rushing through under there like everything.' Carriers." 1,H. Yardley. c, H. Theyer, Walford Court.
Jacobins."
1, H. Yardley. he, T. S. Barnett.
'
so
?' said I, reproachfully.
Why, Joe, how could you disobey mother
Nuns."
1, T. A. Dean. Mfirden.
'
Pouters."
; H. Theyer.
Because
1, H. Yardlev. c, J. H. Watkins
I wanted
for myself whether
to know
H. Yardley.
Runts.he, T. Donne, Ross.
1,
that was
a whim
or
not ; and as for disobeying,I have not,'
Court ; T. S. Bamett.
Fantails."
1, H. Yardley. e, .T.Watkin=, Wisteston
'
continued
Mother
told me
Tumblers."
1,H. Yardley. he, T. A. Dean.
to
Joe,looking mighty innocent.
"

"

"

"

'

back
the Judge.
Mr. E. Hewitt, of Birmingham,was
I did ; but she did not tell me
to come
'
what
round
the road.'
But you knew
but
he
and
bade
not
to
me
laughed
only
;
SOCIETY'S
ORNITHOLOGICAL
SCARBOROUGH
tell. The
caution was
needless,for Joe very well knew I'd
SHOW.
tell of anything that would get him into trouble.
never
is the
"Now
father did not wish to raise Geese (whatman
ever
did?) This took placeon the 18th and 19th inst. The following
he said theywould
:
spoilmore
hay and grain than their necks
prize-list
" Athersuch, Coventry.
2,MooroCZcar Ycllow.- -1 and he,Adams
were
Norwich."
worth, besides being the peskiestthings to have around
" Wynne.
2 and he,Smith.
Clear Biiff."l,Moore
and Wynne,
Northampton,
there ever was.
Still he never
opposed anything very much
and Preen. Coventry.
and
only)." 1, J. Dawes, Scar*
that mother
Cicor
Yellow
to do ; but he thought if a little stirring Norwich"
B((.#."(Members
wanted
" Cross.
3, M. King, he, Waterson
borough.
2, G. Clark, Scarborough.
would keep Geese eggs from hatching he would bestow
a little
" Golby, Northampton.
1, Barwell
Norwich.
Erenly-marlced Yellow.
ik Athersachattention on
man
Athersuch.
"
Bug."
I, Adams
these.
when
he
and
the
hired
Adams
Evenly-marked
2 and /ic,
Accordingly
Moore
"
he, G. Gaytoa. Northampton.
passed the barrel on their way to work, father would take hold 2, Norwich. Wynne,
" Wynne.
Ticked
and
Unevenly-marked Yelloiv. 1. MooreTicked
and give the old hen and the eggs a good shaking, mother
BulY.-l, Barwell " Golby.
" Athersuch.
he, G. Gayton.
2, Adams
" Wynne.
all the while being in blissful ignorance of these naughty 2, G. Mead, Scarliorough. he, Moore Norwich.
"
2
and
IMoore
R.
Wynne.
/tc,
Norwich
(Crested)-" 1,
Satton,
he, Stephens " Leek,.
1, L. Belk.
2. J. N. Harrison, Belper.
Belgian.
experiments.
Ejildon, Leeds
or
jun
(Jifor Yellow
Bii.ff.-'i,T. Faweelt.
Yorkshire."But
shaking and running water both proved harmless,for in 2 and
Evenly-marked Yellow or Btiff."l and
lie.J. Cooper, Middlesbrough.
2. L. Belk, Dewsbury.
the old hen with nine as promising goslings he, Stephens " Lpck.
good time up came
2
and
Coventry.
he, R.Ritchie.
S
mith
i;
Preen,
Lizard
"Gnl"len-^pnnoled."\,
Mother
and I were
as
ever
were
seen.
delightedand stood Darlington.
Smith " Preen. 2, R. Ritchie, he, J. N. Harribon.
Silvcr-spanglcd.-l,
in to
Barwell
" Golby, Northampton.
"Yellow
2, E. SttinsCiuHA-MO^.
or
BiijU^."l,
feedingthem, justas father,the hired man, and Joe came
he, T. Iron", Northampton.
fiold,Bradford
dinner. I saw a comical look pass between the two men, and
Variety.other
1, T. Fawcett, jun, 2, M. Jackson, Scarborough, he
Any
was
the
truth
I knew
that
Joe's
face
on
the
G. Clark, Scarborough.
by
expression
2. F. Stansfiold.
Mvi,e."
Goldfinch
Evenly-marked." l,StepheTis" Leek.
comine out.
Mother,' said he, those Geese eggs went twice /tc.
L. Belk.
Dar/c."l, M'-ioro " Wynne.
2, E. Stansfield. Ac, Stephens ALt-ck.
down by
Mill creek the day I brought them
home
2, M. King. Scarborough.
over
once
Four
of
Cage
Canarieb."1, R. Sutton, Norwich.
" Athersuch.
lie,Adams
road.'
Aunt
the main
Why
Dilly's,and then again over
(BuUhnch).
2, M. Jackson
British
BiRli.-Any Variety."1^ J. N. Harrison.
Joe!' mother had only time to say, when the hired man
spoke
'Birds."
(Parrot). 2, W. Mussoa
.dtij)Variety.-l, B. Watson
Foreign
'
dozen
them
a
Gifford
has
and
Mr.
good
given
up, saying,
he, J. Waterson, East (Parrot).
(Parrot),
shakingsin that barrel.'
Judges." Mr. JosephBaines,York, and Mr. A. Walton, Whitby.
Mother looked a little as though she felt herself imposed
'
upon, but she only said,as she went into the house, Joe, you
As usual the prizes
Show.
Pioeon
Poultky
and
Beistol
are
After that we
just like your father for all the world.'
varying from ."3 to lOs.,and, in
are
raised our own
very liberal in money
Geese eggs, and if we ever
wanted to set any.

go

and
cross-lots,

that
she

way,

so

came

meant,' said I

"

"

"

"

"

'

'

"

'

"

"

"

OP

JOURNAL

330

three or fonr months

grease. If the fowls nre
Three times a-day is sufficient.
overfeed.
Sctjef

Head

on

Spanish

of

per

Lettuces

week.

are

we

suppose, yon

W.
S.)."Rub the scnrfy
will also do well,while this
of castor oil" a tableepoonalso very beneficial, especiallythose
The
to
injure the blood feathers.

Cockerei.

parts with compound sulphur ointment.

keeps on, to give occasional
appearance
ful twice

old,as

(E.

You

doses

2G, 1871.

( October

GAKDENEB.

COTTAGE

AND

HOBTICULTUEE

"
A few
Show.""
A. R. E." says,
Palace
would be glad to be informed whether weight is to be
at all other
Show
at the Cryatal Palace, as
at tho coming
the standard
as
at the li^t two shows held there."
good shows, orfeather'-,
Subscriher).~-ll is dyed after being tbnronghly
Moss
Green
(A ConMant
dried.
Soaking firstin a solution of indigo,then drying, and afterwards
the green
of
in
an
infusion
bark,would probably cause
quercitron
soaking

Runts

at

Cevstal

the

exhibitors of Runts

not
careful
Be
going to seed.
colour.
a
use
the
will cleanse
may
you
ears;
injection of a little hot water
Geoundsel
Roots
of
{Oldaph). The soil remaining on the roots
are
sufFeringfrom cold. It is
syringe for the operation. Your Hondans
not hurtful to Canaries.
and
and
ale
twice
day,
bread
per
of
some
curable; the administration
water
by them, but only
to drink
very little,having no
allowing them
OBSERVATIONS.
METEOROLOGICAL
being allowed to sip morning and evening.
London.
Camden
Squaee,
have been
Beds of late years
Game
Beown-eed
(H,)."The Brown
0" S' 0" W. ; Altitude 111 feet.
N.
It
51"
32'
40"
Reds.
was
Long.
the
Lat.
to
Black
very
and
and
feather
;
style,
superior in shape,
to
shall not be surprised
visible at all the large shows last year, and wo
it again.
see
and
Bantams
Japanese
(^mafcMr)." They must have single combs
are
clean legs. The combs are very large. The legs are yellow, but they
Till
ntt seen.
carried so low, that they are
the wings are
so short, and
That had dark feathers in the tail and
breed.
latelythere was but one
are
now
odd spot or two about the body. There
an
wing, and sometimes
ordered
Your
fowls with disrecently-imported birds that are quite white.
some
them
some
Give
cold.
from
are
and
suffering
sneezing
eyes
bread and ale. See that their roosting house is free from draught.
"

tained.
Cockerel
A Beahma
(IF.H. H.)." No. 1 cannot be enterNo. 2 is the best,he has
is inadmissible.
A foot with four claws
will not
No.
3
not
and
hereditary.
are
red
always
few
they
feathers,
only
to posterity. Tours is not an
do at all,his defect is always transmitted
de drfauts.
but an embarras
emharras de richesses,
should have square
bodies, topHoudans
(F. P.)." Houdans
Points
in
each
knotted heads, nmple beards, full breasts, short legs,five toes on
be black and white without
loot,black and white legs. The hens should
be permi tted to have a few straw-coloured
any other colour ; the cocks may
feathers in the hackle and saddle,but no red ones.

l"

Selecting
a

Fowls
Dakk
Game
Light
{Blade Bed}." We prsfer the Light ones,
oe
latitude
There is no
those with the golden hackle.
if by such you mean
breed
is constantly
The
for the hens.
for the cocks, but there is some
"
strain,
Potter's
is
It
tell
Squire
will
The
old
with.
cocker
you,
tampered
lost a main."
a day since we
it a bit,and
it's many
mended
but I have
it will be
if he is successful
The
cocker looks only to the pit,and knows
so
tar as to have
called his strain. Some
prize Game breeders have gone
of
birds to suit the idiosyncraciesof certain judges. The object of many
and they make
win
to
a bird
with,
is
to
breed
Game
exhibitors
our
largo
in your pens.
the variety you have
Hence
him by a skilful combination.
not put
them well. You must
All will do to exhibit, provided you match
and a Light bird in the same
pen.
a Dark
hens
Fowls
Laying
(J.A. H.)." You would have to buy pulletsbecause
A hundred
pulletswill cost, one with the other,
do not lay in the winter.
the place where
on
Their
cost to keep will depend much
4s. 6d. each.
cost "1
they are kept. If thev have nothing but what is given they will
the breed of the
of eggs will depend on
number
to feed. The
per week
they have done laying, although there
laying hens. Hens will sit when
It is,of course, no nse to allow them
no
cock with them.
been
have
may
to sit on their own
eggs.
legged
Weak
Dorking
Cockeeel
(J. C.)."Discontinue the Indian
meal.
Keep to oatmeal, whole barley, and table scraps. The weight is
should
be
disposed to think the bird had
unusual for the age, and we
Fattening food
been putting on fat instead of making bone and muscle.
is a certain
has a tendency to make the comb fall. A good upright comb
were
to
If you
sigQ of vigour, and vigour is very inimical to fattening.
all sitting in
look in a coop of fowls put up to feed, you would see them
florid combs
and
white
partly
and
their
partly
large,
the way you mention,
banging down and concealing one side of the face.
You
are
correctly informed.
Show
palace
Poultev
(.1.1."
Cevstal
those of last year.
exceed in number
The
subject is not suited to the
(S. Samioai/s).Court.
a journal,but for the County
the following:"
Hens (Dioitalis).-We republish
Cannibal
Nests
foe
the trouble of
"
I have completely put a stop to their cannibalism, without
watching or the necessityof killingthe offenders. My plan consists simply

We

hear that the entries

Black-eed
of
columns

Bantams

an
improved
laying box
accompanying

in
or

nest

dull and sunless; distant lightning between

7and8p.M.j
heavy rain, and rain also during the night.
day, with occasional showers.
Close,damp, uncomfortable
Much
colder; dull morning, rain at noon, and frequent showers

19th." Rather
with

20th.
21st.

"

"

after.

2'2nd. Fine all day, rather foggy in the evening, but fine night.
23rd. A much
brighterdny than any during this week.
and
24th. Hazy morning
evening, but pleasant during the middle of
the day.
of
and Thursday (as indicated by the minima
The nights fifWednesday
the following days) were
unusnalJy warm,
damp, and muggy, and the air
throughout the week has been very damp, beincr perfectlysaturated with
for many
mist and fog.
consecutive hours on several days. Much
vapour
G. J. Symons.
"

"

"

"

pecking,
is beyond

it,the egg
Neither
her reach.
straw must
hay nor
be used in the nests,
but if the surfaces of the inclined planes are covered with smooth matting,
Another
purpose will be answered.
a piece of old carpet,or sacking, every
the same
several hens use
of this laying box, is that where
advantage
Typo."
in
wet
weather.feet
their
soiled
the
not
are
dirty
by
eggs
nest,
is a disease
for croup," but that
You
I J. fl".)."
cure
RoDP
ask for "a
There is no certain cure for roup, it being a form of
attacking children.
"
Poultryconsumption in fowls. The following is an extract from the
"The
symptoms are offensive discharge from the
Keepei's Manual:"
This is
their
lids
swoUen.
in
the
and
of
the
corner
f
roth
nostrils,
eyes,
to excessive wet and cold. Remedy, wash
contagious. Cause, exposure
the head daily,or twice daily,with tepid water.
Sulphate of copper, one
food.
with ale. and plenty of green
mashed
in oatmeal
grain,daily,mixed
Separate the fowl from all others. If not better within a week kill the
fowl."
Sir Baily also prepares
pillsfor the roup. See a communication
of aconite.
to-doy on the f tiicacy
Add a littlealum to the
Cold
GARniF.E with
His Exes
in
(C. H. (7.)."
you

now

MARKET."

transactions, generally,have

October

been of

25.

favourable

character

Grapes and
Importations are not so heavy. Hothouse
are
still
Pines are sufficient for the demand, and some
good late Peaches
Cob Nuts and Filberts aro
to bo had, realisingfair prices for the season.
and
of
Lartie
Broccoli,
rough
vegetables,
good
quantities
plentiful.
green
Potatoes are much
oflferedin fine condition.
are
diseased, and there are
considerable quantitiesin the market, which can only be cleared at a very
low price.
FRUIT.

Apples
Apricots
Cherries
Chestnuts

Currants

isieve

Mulberries

doz.
lb.
bushel
i BJeve

Nectarines
Peaches

Pears, kitchen
dessert
Pine Apples
Plums

doz.
lb.
lb.
lb.

Figs
Filberts
Cobs

lb.
doz.

^100

Oranges

do.

Black

doz.
doz.
doz.
lb.
sieve
i
lb.

Raspberries
Strawberries

Grapes, Hothouse....
quart
Gooseberries
^100
Lemons

Quinces
Walnuts
ditto

each

Artichokes
Asparagus
Kidney....
Beans,
Broad

Beet, Red
Broccoli
Brussels
Cabbage

use.

Leeks
Lettuce
Mushrooma
" Cress,
Mustard

doz.

f*'IOO.

sieve
bushel
doz.
bundle
Sprouts..J sieve
doz.
i

lb.
doz.
bushel
10
"

"^100

bundle
doz. bunches
each
...doz.
pickling
doz.
Endive
bunch
Fennel
lb.
Garlic
bunch
Herbs
bundle
Horseradieh

Coleworts..
Cucumbers

,.

sieve
doz.

Peas
Potatoes

quart

MARKET."

POULTRY

October

for trade, and

is unfavourable
close weather
The
been maintained
during tbo past week.
d.

Large Fowls
Smaller ditto
Chickens
(TeesQ
Ducky
Pheasants

quart

Parsley
Parsnips

bushel
do.
Kidney
Radishes.,
doz. bunches
bundle
Rhubarb
doz.
Savoys
basket
Sea-kale
lb.
Shallots
bushel
Spinach
doz.
Tomatoes
bunch
Turnips
doz.
Vegetable Marrows

doz.

Cauliflower
Celery

pottle
.punnet

pickling

bunch

Carrots

bunch
doz.

bushel

Onions

IHOO

CapBicums

"

water

GARDEN

COVENT
Business

during the week.

Melons

have

can

of

morning, and continuingso all day ; rather dull in tho

evening.

tion)
sec-

reciptacle beneath;
before
and, of course,
chance

in the

Fine

"

(see

false
with a
bottom,
forming an
inclined plane, down
which the egg rolls,
as
as soon
laid,into a

the hen

REMARKS.
18th.

2
1
fi

25.

prices have hardly

8.

to 3
2

Pigeons
Rabbits
Wildditto
Hares

Partridges

Grouse

0
1
0

2
1
1

November

2, 1871.]

JOUBNAL

OF

HOETICOLTUEE

AND

GAEDENEE.

COTTAGE

331

after this
; but even
evident improvement,it
HE
subjectof Vines and their culture lias was clear that a greatermistake had been made in adding
The
in the first instance.
drainage
manure
too much
been repeatedly
discussed in these columns
rect
by the ablest gardenersin Britain ; all the admitted of an easy remedy, but it was not so easy to corIn many soils itis not necessary to
the
the other mistake.
phases of culture have been explained,
of the borders
arrangement and composition
placeconcrete at the bottom of a Vine border. In the dry
ner,
have been treated of in the most lucid mangravelsubsoil at Loxford Hall I do not find it necessary
In a wet clay
and yet scarcelya week piasses in wliioh either to concrete or drain the borders.
of the subsoilitwould be necessary to do both.
information is not asked for on some
Vines are very easilyproBlanting.
branch of gardening. Preparing
and
details of this important
pagated
is
from eyes, and when
I purpose, therefore,to offer a few cultural
only a small number
it is best to plantone
remarks, adding any recent information which I have required
eye only in the centre of a
the pots should
obtained from my own
8-inch pot. To obtain fine plantingcanes
in that of others.
or seen
practice,
Borders.
-Firstin order is the border, and it is as weU
be placedin heat earlyin March ; the temperature of the
heat
to state that no
is requiredin its house should be 55" at night,and a genialbottom
mysteriouscomposition
formation.
wished
should be afforded. "When the young plantshave grown
It was
that a correspondent
only lately
loam
to know whether he could not utilise an old horse in the
6 inches high place them in 0-inch pots,usingturfy
of his Vine border, and whether
or, in preference,
decayed manure,
composition
damaged enriched with some
of Australian meat could not be turned to profitable
cases
bones; plunge the pots again for a few days
pulverised
account
animal
for the same
Masses of decaying
until the roots reach the sides,when the young Vines are
purpose.
ably
as
or vegetablematter
they have tolerthan useless,
and quantities
better without bottom heat. As soon
are
worse
of rich manure
harm than
well filled the pots with roots shift them againinto
mixed with the loam do more
is 9 or 10-inch pots,and maintain a rather hightemperature
good in many cases.
Nothing is more
easy, if manure
when they may be removed
than to applyit from the surface,and this after until the wood is well ripened,
required,
all is the natural way.
fact that the most
It is a positive
to a cool house.
They should not be allowed to become
magnificentGrapes are produced from Vines grown in dust dry at the roots during winter, as such a degreeof
to them.
borders entirely
composed of turfyloam, without a particledrynessin the soil is injurious
the Vines is in March, when
of manure
in any shape. I have a vivid recollection of a
The best time to plant-out
The plants
made of the top the young shoots have grown 2 or 3 inches.
range of vineries where the borders were
spit of a field that had been laid down in pasture for should be turned out of the pots,and the roots disentangled
two or three years.
This soil was
dug up and thrown into and spreadout on a level surface,covering them with
the space that had been excavated to a distance of 6 feet 6 inches of mould.
It is not easy to giveprecisedirections
in
each side of the front wall,and the progress of the as to watering.If the plants
as well as the border are
on
not givingany water for a week
Vines was
wonderful.
On examining the border after the a moist condition I prefer
Vines had made
but the house should be kept close, and
after planting,
one
year's growth the whole of it was
found to be permeated with masses
of branching roots in a moist atmospheremaintained for a few days. I think it
VINE-CULTURE

UNDEE

GLASS.

to

was

carry away

the

water
superfluous

done, althoughthere

was

an

"

"

healthycondition. The Vines were overcroppedan evil to deluge either newly-plantedor pottedplants
noticed that they make
and through some
other mismanagement they with water, as I have repeatedly
first,
after thriving
freelywhen water is not appliedfor some
failed,
remarkably well for the firstthree or fresh roots more
the most
at

four years.
Six feet more
should have been added to the time after planting.It is desirable to wait until the young
width of the borders both inside and outside after the third rootlets are formed ; the plantis then in a condition to
not done ; however, I saw
year, but this was
enough of take up water.
them to know that under
with Vines struck from
proper management extraordinary A vinery may also be planted
in
results would have been obtained.
The plantsshould be prepared
In borders made with
season.
eyes the same
with which
to watch the rapidity
turfyloam itis interesting
the way just stated, but the pots should be placedin
the roots spread alongthe surface after rich top-dressings
convenient after the middle of January.
as
heat as soon
have been applied.
into 9 -inch potsby the
The plantswill be ready for potting
in
I wiU now
and will be ready for planting-out
giveanother instance of a border made in a firstweek of April,
Such Vines, if well managed,
different way. _In this case
there was
much
the border early in May.
preparation,
and no expense was
no
check, will grow to the top of a
spared,the bottom being concreted, and if they experience
in which they are planted.A
and crushed bones with manure
The
20-feet rafter in the season
added to the loam.
of brickbats or similar material,was
few of them may be grown and fruited in pots,and wiU
drainage,
consisting
13-inch
of the strongestdescription.I use
the concrete.
The
placed over
Vines planted in this make
canes
them
border
15-inch pots for fruiting
in, drainingwell,
but the Grapes and
grew remarkablywell at first,
bones.
which they produced never
finished well, and shanking and usingsound turfyloam mixed with pulverised
and the
in rather firmly,
was
I This compost should be rammed
to which
There was
mistake made
common.
one
should have plentyof lightand air,
wish to draw attention,
when growing,
and that was, althoughplentyof plants,
when the wood beginsto ripen. Such plants
was
drainage
especially
placed under the border,no outlet was made
No. 653,-Voi.XXI., Niw

Sheibs.

No, 1206,"Vol. XL VI,.Old

Series.

JOURNAL

332

HORTICULTXJBE

on

wall of

AND

COTTAGE

[ November

GARDENER.

2, 1871.

newly-plantedWhite

Seedling is by some
thoughta better Grape than Buckland Sweetwater,but it seldom
acquires a golden colour, and
has not such a fine appearance
the other. There are some
as
fine
white
new
Grapes (thatis,as far as one can judge from
very
bunch
with
the
head
trained
circular
and
the
to
trellis,
a
standards,
a
seeing
tasting
being sent out by
berries)
grown as
Messrs. Standish,of Ascot,and Mr. John Pearson, of Chilwell,
allowed to hang down
from the outer edge of
and the bunches
the circle. The plants should be in such a positionthat the
and adaptedfor
Nottingham. All of them are earlyvarieties,
cool houses.
Ferdinand
de Lesseps is the most distinct ; it
fruit may be justabove the eye of a person lookingat it.
Vines
and
the
that
blood of
have
After the young
are
berry
partakesof
planted-outin the house,
highly-scented
varietythe Straw-

will ripen a crop of fruit

the back

OP

vinery or in other parts of the house, always bearing in mind

that the fruit will not ripen well in a positionwhere it is not
exposed to the lightand air. They have also a fine efiect if

be placed to each, as the

into growth, a stick should
shoots are easilydamaged, and I ought to state that it
young
is better to train the shoots from the base of the plant,as such
moist atmosphere should
always grow strongest. A somewhat
in the house ; this is preferableto syringingthe
be maintained
started

plants.
Those

who
intend plantinga vinery,and who have not yet
obtained the young Vines, should purchase them at once from
and pay the highestpricefor them ;
a respectablenurseryman,
be consaved in the priceof a Vine must
sidered
a shillingor two
small
in comparison with having a large
matter
a
Those
of failures from planting badly-grown canes.
number
who rush to the cheapestmarket for their goods generallypay
When
the plants are sent home
most in the end.
they should
be kept until plantingtime in a cool house where frost cannot

injurethem.
all will start
It the Vines are healthyand in good condition,
into rapid growth, when
shoot should
be trained up at
one
every 2 feet 9 inches,allowing 1 foot 6 inches at each end.
There
is much
difierence of opinion amongst practicalmen
rods at
with respectto the best method
of cutting the young
cut them back nearly to the bottom of the
pruning time ; some
others go to the opposite extreme, and leave the young
rafter,
the whole length of the rafter.
I prefer leavingfrom
cane
6 to 9 feet from
the bottom of the rafter,according to the
The weaker canes
should be shortened
strengthof the canes.
most, and if any of them are unusually weak I should cut them
close back
more

to the bottom of the rafter ; theywould then break

stronglythe followingyear. I should also take a crop of

Grape, and is also perfumed ; the berries are oval,of a

golden colour,and delicious flavour. In Dr. Hogg, another
varietyraised by Mr. Pearson, and to be sent out by him, the
bunch is long and tapering,the berries large,round, and of a
rich Muscat
Mr. Pearson
or
Frontignan flavour. The berries,
rich

says, are not liable to crack. In Mr. Standish's Ascot Citronelle

and
have another
very early distinct Grape ; the bunch
berries are
medium-sized, with a very rich piquant flavour,
partakingof the Frontignan. For the Muscat house I would
Muscat.
plant Alicante and Muscat of Alexandria or Bowood
I said nothing about
Mrs. Pince's
Black
Muscat, which,
with me, is an exceedinglyfine variety,but it is uncertain,so
good growers having failed to produce good fruit from it.
many
we

but it does not colour so

cat
In the Musit does on its own
roots.
house
its own
roots it has coloured pretty well,and
on
each.
lbs.
carries a crop of fine bunches
weighing from 2 to 3
One fault with Mrs. Pince is that the berries are apt to shrivel
J. Douglas.
long before those of Lady Downe's or Alicante.

Lady Downe's,

I have

it

well

that varietyas

on

graftedon

"

NEW

ROSES

circumstances

The

under

FOR
which

1872.

France

placedtwelve

was

of the unusually small

Roses that were
received from that country for
new
tant
three Remon1870-71,the number
being thirteen
Of these, six Tea-scented
Hybrids and ten Tea-scented.
tant
Remonand
Tea-soented
kinds were
raised by Ducher, four
one
by Levet, one Remontant
by Guillot pere, and the other
well known
to
by Schwartz. None of these are yet snfiiciently
months
ago
number
of
the season

were

undoubtedly the

cause

"

that had grown to

from two to three bunches
from all canes
the top of the rafters. The second year each cane
decided judgment on their merits,
would carry
enable one
to pronounce
a
about six bunches.
and as yet but little notice has been taken of them in these
There
quent
horticulture conseis much
difference of opinion regarding pages.
While
the depression of French
Vakieties.
the best varieties to plant. To a certain extent the varieties
upon the giganticstrugglebrought to a close last spring,
partment,
deof taste,and the Grape Vine is also much
fluenced
inall classes here,in one
are
a matter
excited genuine sympathy among
to speak, was
a
so
at least,
by soil and situation. I have latelyseen that very
negative kind of relief,
fine-flavoured Grape Chasselas Musqu6 in excellent condition, felt by the Rose
amateurs, and probably by the professional
Roses
and beautiof the host of new
the bunches and berries very largefor the variety,
fully
growers also,owing to the absence
to interest
and
the
do
I
offered
Vines
well
same
ripened,
previously
every year ; yet
every year to delightand perplex,
the terrible storm has passedaway, our
have repeatedlyseen this sort under apparentlyfar more
able
favourand disappoint. Now
and
sincerest wishes are that our French
neighbours generally,
circumstances,stillit was not possibleto get a presentable
"

'

bunch from it. Again , there is Royal Ascot ; how often has
in particular,
the horticultural portion of them
speedily
may
Mr. Standish shown
it in splendidcondition,the berries large recover
their former vigour. A prominent sign of efforts being
in
found
be
is
finished
in
the
flavour
all
that
to
and perfectly
made
to bring about returning prosperity
every respect,and
could be desired,yet many
of new
Roses for 1872 just received from
good Grape-growers fail to grow it the announcement
It has done badlywith me
this year; mostof the fruit Paris
their name
is legion. To attempt at this earlyperiod
creditably.
cracked at the apex of the berries,
and, as a consequence, decay to form any justestimate of what they are from the brief and
set in. Mr. Pearson,of Chilwell,
attached to them would be but a
who is well known
somewhat
formal descriptions
soon
as one
of our
most
successful Grape-growers,
brought up a bunch of waste of time and space. Any real improvement upon what
also
in
bad
sington
Kenshall
the
to
of
South
at
we
this,
condition, one
gladlyaccept; but it is too much to
meetings
we
alreadypossess
that is worthless,
must likewise class this amongst uncertain
be feared the good is accompanied by so much
; so that we
offered for
Grapes. Take Golden
Champion as one of the most recent that to pick it out from the multitude of subjects
"

wearisome
a very
champion amongst white Grapes choice must at best prove a perplexingand even
tain
it can
be obtained in good order.
proved task.
imTo sum
It has very much
to the presenttime conup, the announcements
Remontant
Tea-scented
with me
this year; the berries have not only finished off
fifteen
one
the names
of
Roses,
Remontant
well,but they have also keptwell,and I have bunches hanging Moss, one Hybrid not Remontant, one Bourbon, and fifty
in good condition,
now
although they were ripein July. It has
Hybrids" in all sixty-eight.By placing before our
never
they will be able to analyse
grown very stronglywith me, but always shows plenty of Rose friends the list in its entirety,
The numerals prefixed
it its contents and judge for themselves.
bunches ; on the other hand, many
good growers condemn

introductions;it is
when

and most of them are agreed that it is an

as utterlyworthless,
uncertain Grape. I have it grafted on
the Black Hamb
urgh
the Trentham
also on
Black.
I will send you a few berries
from each to say whether
you think they are utterlyworthless.
Our opinion is recorded in another column.
Eds.]
uncertain.
I will
as
Many more
Grapes could be mentioned
instead a few that will not cause
name
disappointment. For
"

general purposes,

Hamburgh
Court

and the best of all Grapes, is the Black

other must
give placeto this. Madresfield
is said by some
to surpass it ; it is certainly
a

; every

Black

of reference.

for convenience

are

TEA-SCENTED.

large, fnll,
1. Manqui. Vigorons,very free-blooming.Flowers
and symmetrical
; pure white.
2. Comte de Grivcl. Vigoronsand free-blooming. Flowers large,
fnll,and well formed ; straw yellowchangingto white. Seedlingfrom
Canari.
3. Cointe Tavenia.
Very vigorous. Flowers large,very fnll,and
centre.
Seedling from Lonise do
well formed ; yellowwith brighter
"

"

"

Savoie.

Vigorons and floriferons. Flowers large,

ConitcssedeNadaillaf.
yellow
globular
; brightvivid rose
upon a copper apricot
gronnd.
I would choose White Frontignanand Backland
with
Sweetwater ;
long
full,
5. Hamj
Lcmq. Vigorous. Flowers medinm, very
the latter should be grafted on Black Hamburgh.
Foster's swollen bnds ; deeprose.

grand acquisition.This, with Lady Downe's, I would recommend

for a cool house.
As two white Grapes for a cool house

4.

"

fnll,and

"

Novembei

2,1871.]

JOUBNAL

OP

HORTXOULTUBE

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

333

6. La Jonquille.Moderately
41. Madame
de Ridder. Very vigorous. Flowers large,
vigorous.Flowers medium sized,not
full,and
quitefull; jonqpilyellow,the most jellowvarietyof this section. well formed ; vivid amaranth red. Very floriferous.
f
rom
42.
Seedling
Madame
de St. Puigcnt. Very vigorous and free-blooming.
Lamarque.
7. Le Nankin.
Very vigorous.Flowers large,very full,and well Flowers medium, full,and well formed ; blood red flame colour with
formed ; copper yellowwith brighter
centre.
from Catherine Guillotslatygloss. Seedling
velvety
8. Louis Qigot. Very vigorous. Flowers very large,
well
43. Madame
very full,
GeorgeScJuoart:.. Very vigorous.Flowers large,full,
formed ; pure white when firstexpanded,
afterwards mottled white and
and well formed; beautiful Hydrangea colour,changingto glittering
rose.
Very cnrions I
rose.
9. Ma Cajnicine.Vigorousand free-blooming.
Flowers
medium44. Madame
Guillot de Montfavet. Vigorous. Flowers large,full,
sized and semi-double ; beautiful nasturtium (capucine)
a new
and welj formed;glittering
from Duchess
yellow,
white. Seedling
globular,
colour.
from
Seedling
of Sutherland.
Ophirie.
and free-blooming.
10. Madame
Camilla. Very vigorous
Flowers
45. Madame
Bernard.
Lefehvre
Vigorous,almost thornless,
very
full,and well formed ; soft aurora-like rose with whitish shading. free blooming. Flowers very large,full,and imbricated ; beautiful
large,
11. Madame
CcVmc Berthod. Vigorous
and free-blooming.
Flowers
vivid rose
marked with white. Seedlingfrom Souvenir de la Reine
large,full,and well formed ; sulphuryellow,
very brilliant.
d'Angleterre.
12. Madame
and free-blooming.
Jules Margottin. Vigorous
Flowers
46. Madame
Livia Prege. Very vigorous.Flowers large,
full,and
large,full,and well formed; beautifal soft rose with yellowongletSjwell formed; soft rose, shaded violet,with silvery
gloss. Seedling
from Souvenix de la Reine d'Angleterre.
deepred centre.
13. Marie Van Soutte. Very vigorous.Flowers large,full,and
47. Madame
Renard.
Very vigorous. Flowers large,full,and
and edgedwith brightrose.
well formed ; yellowishwhite,striped
rose.
from Jules Margottin.
globular
; brilliantsalmon
Seedling
14. Perfection
Plaisir. Vigorous, almost thornless,
de Mont
48. Mdlle. Marie Gonad.
very
full,and
Very vigorous. Flowers large,
fioriferouB. Flowers medium, full,and well formed ; beautiful canary
Seedlingfrom Madame
lasting
; pure white.
Laffay.
yellow.
49. MaJjildtre.
Flowers
Very vigorous.
globular,
very large,full,
15. Souvenir de Paul Neron.
Vigorous,very floriferous. Flowers
from Jean Touvais.
and rosette-shaped;deep red.
Seedling
large,full,well formed ; salmon yellowedged with rose.
Seedling 50. Marquisede Chamhon.
Vigorous. Flowers medium-sized,full,
from Ophirie.
and well formed ; beautiful salmon rose with deepercentre.
51. Maxime
de Laroclieterie. Very vigorous.Flowers largeand
REMONTANT
MOSS
ROSE.
16. Madame
like
full ; fine red and blackish purple,velvety,
Sonpert. Very vigorous.Flowers medium, full,
superb. Seedlingfrom
a
rosette ; brightcerise or cherryred.
Leon
des Combats.
and very
Freelyremontant
52. Monsieur
Oordier. Very vigorous. Flowers
mossy.
very large and
HYBRID
ROSE
NOT
REMONTANT.
full; fine brilliantred. Seedling
from Geant des Batailles.
17. Catherine Bonnard.
Very vigorous.Flowers large,full,and
53. (Eillet Fantaisie.
Vigorous and free-blooming. Flowers
well formed ; beautiful dazzling
rose
carmine,very striking. Seedling medium-sized,full,and well formed ; vivid rose purplishviolet,
each
from Madame
Domage.
and marked
with white like a Pink.
petalstriped
54. Pierre Isambart.
and
with
Flowers
full,
vigorous.
Very
large
REMONTANT
HYBRIDS.
wrinkled ; velvety
crimson red,outside deep dull red.
18. Ahhe Bramerel.
Vigorous. Flowers very large,full,and well petalsgracefully
de
f
rom
Seedling
Triomphe
rEsposition.
formed ; brilliantcrimson red shaded with purplishbrown, deep and
55. Prince Stirbey.Vigorous. Flowers
large,full; brightfleshvelvety.
19. Andre Dunant.
Very vigorous.Flowers large,full,and well coloured rose.
56.
Richard
Wallace.
Flowers
Very
vigorous.
formed ; very fresh soft rose, suffused silvery
very large,full,
white. Seedlingfrom
and well formed ; fine vivid rose, slightly
Victor Verdier.
tingedwith white.
57.
Rosa Bonheur.
20. Antonine
Verdier. Very vigorous. Flowers large,full, and
Vigorous. Large, full,and well formed;
well formed ; brightcarmine rose.
The flowers are almost
always beautiful vivid carmine rose.
58. Sylvia. Vigorous. Large, full, and well formed ; beautiful
solitary
; the buds are well formed, and will be sought afterfor bouquets.
lustre.
21. Auguste Rigotard. Vigorous. Flowers large,full,and well reddish purplewith fiery
59. Souvenir de Bellangcr.Veryvigorous.Flowers medium-sized,
formed ; cherryred suffused with white.
red.
full ; brightpurple,
outside vivid fiery
22. Baron de Bonstetten. Very vigorous. Flowers
very largeand
60. Souvenir de Jidie Gonod.
full,
Very vigorous.Flowers large,
full; crimson red,blackish and velvety.Superior
to M. Boncenne.
and well formed ; very fine glossysatin rose.
23. Baronne Louise Uxhidl. Vigorous
and free-flowering.
Flowers
61. Souvenir de V Exposition
de Darmstadt.
Very vigorous. Flowers
full,and well formed ; magnificentbrilliantcarmine rose ;
very large,
and blackish,shaded with deep
large,full,and well formed ; velvety
very fragrant.
violet and blood red.
24. Baronne
de Prailly.Very vigorous.Flowers very largeand
62. Souvenir de Docteur Davicrs.
Flowers mediumfrom Victor Verdier.
Veryvigorous.
; vivid red,shaded.
globular
very full,
Seedling
25. BouquetPose.
sized,full,and globular; deepvelvetyred.
Very vigorous,
blooming in panicles. Flowers
almost
63. Souvenir de General Donai.
medium, full,and well formed ; brightrose cerise.
Vigorous. Flowers large,
26. CoquetteNormande.
; fine vivid rose.
Vigorous. Flowers medium-sized, full, full,and globular
64. Theresa.
fine bright
and
and globular,
full,
well formed ; silvery
symmetrical
;
and shaded vivid rose.
Vigorous.Large,
Seedling
rose.
from Jean Goujon.
silvery
65. Vaucanson.
27. DoGteur de C7ia?ws." Vigorous. Flowers large,
Hybrid Noisette. Vigorous. Flowers mediumfull,abundant,
sized,full,aud globular; vinous rose.
and well formed ; reddish scarlet,
centre velvety,
reverse
of petals
rose
and
66. Viconite Douglas. Vigorous. Flowers medium-sized,full,
pint.
of Norfolk.
28. Docteur
from Duchess
Lemee.
Vigorous. Flowers large,full, and well symmetrical;vivid red. Seedling
and symmetrical
67. Victor Verne. Very vigorous.Large, full,
formed; velvety
;
parpleshaded blackish.
29. Etienne Levet. Vigorous,
almost thornless,
brightcurrant red.
very free-blooming.
BOURBON
ROSE.
Flowers large,
full,and well formed ; beautiful carmine red. Seedling
68. Amedee
full,and last
de Langlois. Vigorous. Flowers large,
from Victor Verdier.
30. Frangois Michelon.
ing; fine deepreddish purple. Very free-blooming.
Vigorous aud free -blooming. Flowers
and
61 may
Under
Noa.
22
large and full,shape of the Cabbage or Provence Rose; beautiful
I
would
that
reserve
suggest
of petalssilvery.
A seedling
from Rose de la Reine.
deeprose, reverse
tion
both being of colours desirable as exhibiprove worth a trial,
31. Ja^uesPlantier. Vigorous. Flowers large,full,and well
Roses.
The long name
of the latter might be abbreviated
formed, imbricated ; flesh-colouredrose.
Men
by
to the last word of it. I have rendered se tenant
32. Jeanne. Qros. Vigorous. Flowers
very large,full,and well
lasting,"meaning the duration of the individual flower
formed ; beautiful satin rose.
rendered
is
often
it
usual
than
the
average ;
33. Xe iTam."
Vigorous. Flowers large,full,and well formed; being longer
which I think is not its signiin the Rose catalogues,
fication,
erect
beautifal brilliantvermilion,finely
coloured,very constant.
A.
H.
Kent.
34. I/'^s/femnce."
and
well
formed ; bright
Vigorous.Large,full,
"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

cerise carmine.
35. Louis Chaiiin.

Vigorous. Flowers

"

rose

with red centre.

36. Louis

Corbie.

very

largeand

full ; vivid

PROLONGING

THE

SEASON.

STRAWBEERY

free-blooming.Large,full,and
Anything
which tends to instruct us as to the best mode of
well formed ; beautiful cerise rose, shaded vivid carmine.
is a boon to all interested in
prolongingthe Strawberry season
37. Madame
Bellon. Moderatelyvigorous. Flowers large,;full,
old
blackbirds "
Even
of the
some
gardening matters.
and lasting; beautiful soft rose.
will
be
Mr. Lee for further information
to
us
among
very grateful
38. Madame
CA"ie." Vigorous. Flowers large,full, and well
in order to secure
as to the system he pursues
a fair crop
formed ;
cerise metallique
satiue de blanc."
of well-developed
Strawberries "every season."
Here, in Herts,
39. Madame
HippolyteJamain.
Very vigorous. Flowers very
have some
Keens' Seedlings,forced earlylast spring,and
we
largeand full,expandingwell ; white,slightly
tingedwith rose.
of
nice
some
40. Madame
pots in May, floweringand fruiting,
de Pairieu.
Very vigorous. Flowers large, full, turned out
well formed; beautifulvivid rose, shaded carmine.
globular,
Seedling ripe Strawberries being gathered from time to time. But do
Jfrom Anna de Diesbach.
not let us mislead the public; this is more
to be attributed to
"

Vigorousand

*'

"

"

"

"

334

JOUKNAL

OF

HORTICULTUEE

AND

the mildness of the last few weeks than to anything new

in Strawberry
culture.
However, let me ask, What is considered a fair
months
out of
length for the Strawberry season ? How
many
the twelve is it possiblefor gardeners,who force fruits of all
their
to
with
berries
Strawkinds,or nearly so,
employers daily
supply
I may add that I succeeded
in sending Strawberries
?
fi^e months
out of the twelve for
(notincluding Alpines),
An Old Blackbikd,Moor Park.
dessert this year, 1871.
"

PEAS

FOR

SUCCESSION."

No. 2.

Peas fok Small Gaedenb.

By small gardens I do not mean
those of very limited extent, but such as are
of small area
for
the number
and varietyof vegetableswhich must
be produced.
In all gardens of less than half an acre I would not grow a Pea
exceeding4 feet in height; in those of a quarterof an acre or
less,none that exceeded 3 feet ; and under an eighthof an acre,
but the most
dwarf.
none
The
tall varieties,
if they do not
shade more
than the ground on which
they grow, take up too
much
room,
prevent a free circulation of air,and have a bad
in a space that must be devoted to dwarf subjects.
appearance
"

COTTAGE

GABDENEB.

[ November

2, 1871.

times the seed that we requirefor a row of Ne Plus Ultra at

7 feet.
Before sowing, all my Peas are red-leaded,
making them wet
with water, and then dusting with red lead,and stirring-up
so
to
redden
them
all
If
the
as
over.
ground be dry water the
drills previous to sowing. Steeping Peas before sowing I do
not practise.It is,perhaps, a good plan,but sowing in moist
soil is better,and if " steeped seed is sown
in dry ground
and no
is impaired if not
water is given,the vitality
lost.
With sowing on turves,and in pots in a frame, and afterwards
had
I
and
I
do
no
not advise the
planting out, have
success,
"

practice.
into flower they cannot have too much
come
if the
frequent suppliesof weak liquidmanure
weather
is dry, and the soil cannot be too rich and too deep,
be given. G. Abbey.
too much
nor
can
room
After

water,

nor

the Peas
too

"

BEDDING

PLANTS

IN

1871."

No. 2.

In

Zonal Pelargoniums, I shall

on
continuing my remarks
begin first with the crimson or dark scarlets. Of these the
Dillistone'sEarly, or Dickson's First and Best. 3 feet. Sow November darkest I have yet tried is Crimson
King (Henderson).It is
loth and March
5th.
of a beautiful colour,which
affords a very good contrast to the
Little Gem.
2 feet. Sow Novemher
10th on a warm
sonth
or
b
ut
I
am
to
confess
I
foliage,
obliged
am
disappointedwith it,
border ; March
5th and 20th ; April5tli and 20th ; May 5th and 20th ; as it has not
free bloomer.
I agree with
proved a sufficiently
Jnne
5th and 20th ; Jnly 5th and 15th.
Mr. Luckhnrst, that in point of habit it is all that can be desired,
2J to 3 feet.
Sow March
5th and 20th;
Bnrbridge's
Eclipse."
the foliage
coveringthe plantswell,and the flower-stalks
April5th and 20th.
stiffand justabove the foliage. I am
in hopes it will bloom
Princess Royal. 2i to 3 feet. Sow March 5th and 20th ; April
better from old plants.
6th and 20th ; May 5th.
Next
in
colour
is
of
of
Waltham
point
Glory
Premier." 3 J feet. Sow April20th ; May 5th and 20th; Jnne 5th
(W.Paul) It has
I have seen it elsewhere.
and 20th.
not proved so effective with me
as
Teitch's Perfection. 3 feet. Sow May 5th and 20th; June 5th
The leaves are plain,and I think it an
advantage in all the
"

"

"

"

and 20th.
3 to 4 feet. Sow May 20th ; Jnne 5th and 20th ;
Yorkshire Hero.
Jnly 5th.
Dwarf
BranchingWaterloo. 3 feet. Sow June 5th and 20th ;
Jnly 5th.

crimson and scarlet sections to have littleor no zone.

I do not
know whether there is any difference between Waltham
Nosegay
and Glory of Waltham
so
always seemed to me
; they have
nearly alike that I have not tried the two.
With regard to the next, Waltham
Seedling (Beaton),I
The two Peas most desirable in the above list are Little Gem
can
only repeatwhat I have stated before,that it is one of the
and Dwarf
Branching for a small garden. Prom
sowings of most valuable bedders we have, very free-bloomingand constant,
Little Gem
November
on
10th, March 5th and 20th,April 5th
with very good flower-stalks,and it stands the wind and
and 20th, May 5th and 20th, June 5th and 20th, and July 5th
;
weather better than most Geraniums.
and of Dwarf
tinued
Branching, commencing March
20th, and conhas again been very good,in size of truss
Bayard (Pearson),
the dates named
for Little Gem, and made
on
taneouslysuperior to the latter,not so deep a crimson, but a brighter
simulup to July 5th, a good supply and succession of Peas
colour. It does not stand bad weather so well,as the footstalks
from the earlypart of June until promay be calculated upon
ductionof the trasses are longer,and the habit of the plant more
be stopped by cold weather.
A pint of the two sorts
of the most effective bedders
but it is decidedly
one
straggling,
named
being put in at a time, ten sowings of Little Gem
and
have.
we
eightof Dwarf Branching, or nine quarts will be required a
E. K. Bowley (Downie,Laird, " Laing), which obtained a
BufScient quantityfor one-eighthof an
The quantityof
acre.
first-classcertificate at Chiswick,grows with me
too straggling.
seed may
seem
large,but as a rule,more, comparatively,is It is of much the same
colour as Bayard,rather darker,and is
requiredfor a email than a largegarden.
not in my opinion nearlyso good.
The followingtable will show the times of sowing the above
Vesta (Paul).This is one
of Mr. W. Paul's best ; very freevarieties :"
colour as
blooming, with a dwarf habit. Very nearly the same
and
to it. It had a first-classcertificate
Glory of Waltham,
superior
at Chiswick,and is quiteworthy of the character given
to it. I do not, however, think it has so good a truss, or
carries the truss so well as Waltham
Seedling.
not come
Thomas
a dull crimson, has
Speed (Pearson),
up
of it,as it has not bloomed
to the expectationsI had formed
this year nearlyso well as last.
with me
Bonfire (Paul) This is very fine in point of colour,very
brightcrimson, with a good truss and habit. This is the first
I have tried it,and it seems
to have a good constitution.
season
is a deep red,neither crimson nor scarlet
The next I name
Dake
of Devonshire
(Pearson).With me this year it made one
The size of the trusses is enorof the finest beds I ever saw.
mous,
and they are very freely
produced; its fault is that it has
"

"

"

"

"

"

long a flower-stalk.
the same
in colour,though not so
Douglas Pearson, much
brightas Bayard, is,I think,a better bedder,because its habit is
better.
more
compact, and the trusses stand up above the foliage
W. Thomson
(Pearson)is also very good. I believe Mr.
the pips in
Pearson prefersit to Douglas Pearson, but with me
the trusses are more
crowded, and do not stand the weather so
too

"

w., White

; W.M., Wliite

Marrow

; o.w., Green

Wrinkled

; b,m., Blue

Marrow.

The sowings marked

with an asterisk (*),
will be ample for a
of an acre, and the whole
garden of from half to three-quarters
for a garden of 1 to Ij acre.
The demand
of one
family for
Peas may vary considerably
from that of another, but I have
found that a dish of Peas dailyhas been needed
if it could be
had, whilst with most it is a necessity. The varieties and
and a
sowings are calculated for affordingthe earliest,
latest,
constant succession,
and I ought to say that the sowings for a
small garden are proportionately
instead of less,as some
more
might conclude,than for a largegarden,which is owing to the
Bowing of dwarfer kinds ; for though we may have more
rows
on
a given space, and obtain
as
good a supply,yet for three
of Little Gem
rows
at li foot to 2 feet apart,we require three

well.
both shades of deep red, are
Milton and Jupiter (Pearson),
not so good as Duke of Devonshire,Bayard, or Douglas Pearson,
and not suffioiently
distinct to make it worth while growing all
of them.
and
All the above are in the crimson or dark scarletsection,
I have
not had
besides them
others of which
I name
some
as Sunshine
(Laing),
very proquiteenough to bed separately,

2, 1871. ]

November

OP

JOURNAL

HOETXCULTUBE

AND

COTTAGE

335

GAEDENEE.

a
Eoyal Ashleaf,Hogg's Coldstream,Lapstone, Daiutree'a Seedmieing, fine colour,and free-blooming;Star of Fire (Laing),
colour as IJonfire,
a
First Early, and Yorkshire
hng, Wheeler's Milky White, Almond's
very bright dark scarlet of about the same
I think,to be a great
Hero, but the last-named is infinitely
superiorthis year
very good truss,and dwarf habit, likely,
fine truss, rather too strong
to any of the rest. In 1870 all were
Eainbow
better than this year in
acquisition
(Paul),
; and
commend flavour and
be very good for largebeds,and I can rea habit, but it would
mealiness,except Yorkshire Hero, which is as good
Another
of Mr.
this year as last.
it to those who preferplainleaves.
I find EarlyEose reallyan earlyPotato and a good cropper,
Paul's,very distinct in colour,is Claude Lorraine, a magenta
but I have
all the tubers being ripe long before the disease came.
I should
crimson ; it has been highlyspoken of by many,
the say it is a good Potato to sell,as many
also say much
retail buyers do not
not given it a sufficient trial yet. I must
Caraotaous
seem
to know
Potato from a tasteless one.
of Robinson
same
a good-flavoured
Crusoe, Chief Justice,Amethyst,
I last year was
rather too much
with me this
good sorts
imprudent enough to recommend
(all
Paul's)
; they have all grown
of
Potatoes
about
them.
to
few can
cook a Potato,my
as
so
enable
friends,
to
to
but,
me
year,
reportproperly
my
advice gratiamet with the usual amount
I next take the scarlet section.
of appreciation. I
to
is too well known
have seen the attempt nearly succeed to spoila Yorkshire Hero
Grosvenor
(Turner),
Lady Constance
in the cooking,but it requiresingenuity.Yam,
need any remark, it is decidedlyone of the very best.
I have decided to cast,as too straggling
Cybister (Carter),
"

both in habit and petal.

Multiflora." A good dwarf habit,and free-blooming.
Sobieski." One of the very best ; good truss,and carried well
above the foliage,
nice compact habit.

"WooUey (Pearson).Fine colour,and a very fine pot

not quitefree-bloomingenough.
This disappointed me
early in the
very much
alter
me
season, but improved so greatlyafterwards as to make
The
my opinion,and not cast it as I had at first intended.
trusses are not sufficiently
large,and I do not like it so much
Kev.

J.

"

plant,but

GOLDEN
We

have

CHAMPION

GRAPE.

received

from Mr. Douglas, gardener to F. Whitbourne, Esq., of Loxford Hall,Edsex, specimens of the Golden
Champion Grape, with the followingnote in reference to a

this Grape which

on
recentlyappeared in the pages
"
The smaller specimens are from a Vine
a contemporary :
on
grafted on Black Hamburgh, and the others from one
Trentham
Black.
This Grape has done well with mo
in the
presentyear, and both Mr. and Mrs. Whitbourne think highly
others.
of it,and have preferredit to Backland
Sweetwater."
And
as many
Much of the same
Underwood
colour are W.
well they might ! The berries from the Vine graftedon Trentham
(Pearson),
very
Black were
of a fine goldencolour,clear,and without the
good early in the season, but the habit is not sufficiently
trace of spot,perfectly
branching ; Glorious,most uncertain,anything but gloriousin slightest
ripe,firm in flesh,excellent in
bad weather ; Eoi d'ltalie,
flower-truss too small,with a bad
The
Committee
flavour,and Ig inch long by IJ inch broad.
that would ignore such a Grape submitted to them would jastly
constitution,
only good for very fine seasons.

Vesuvius.

"

criticism
of

"

Grand
Duke (Smith). This is one of the very finest bedders ; expose themselves to well-merited censure.
truss very large,habit good, free-blooming,and very constant.
It is more
and I can
commend
of a lightred than scarlet,
stronglyreOF
THE
VEGETABLE
REVIEW
it to anyone ; it is a stronggrower, but not coarse.
shade of colour, is very good,
Although
of the same
this,perhaps, has been one
Godfrey,much
"

but rather

SEASON.
of the

worst

fruit

record,we may deem ourselves fortunate in having

of vegetables,
a first-rate supply of all kinds
ception
and, with the exof Potatoes,all of good quality.
Laxton
To begin with the most
Peas.
namely.
important
the whole takes the lead with that excellent varietyAlpha,
on
circularflowers. I was disappointedwith it earlyin the season,
is the best of Peas for all seasons
which, sown
;
successionally,
the most
but it improved, as Vesuvius did,so much that I shall grow it nevertheless.
is certainly
Carter's Imperial Wonder
six
of all Peas
of my
again.
acquaintance. The following
sugary
to have too delicate a
varieties of Peas I consider the best
three earlyand three late
King of the Nosegays,lightred, seems
constitution for bad weather.
viz,Sutton's Eingleader[Dillistone's
Early],Little Gem, and
Mrs. Laing is stilla good variety,
Laxton's
but well known.
Alpha for earlykinds,or the latter for late; Carter's
I find that I have omitted among
two very
the dark crimsons
ImperialWonder, Laxton's Quality,and Laxton's Supreme, a
promisingvaribties raised by Mr. Laing (Downie,Laird,and trulyfine Pea for late crops and show purposes.
Moor
and
also
of Venice
a
George Peabody;
Laing)"viz.,
Among Potatoes I know of nothing like Early Coldstream,
good light scarlet,nearly the colour of Eoi d'ltalie,not one tuber having here been diseased,and it being fine both
very
for use
and for production,but selection is requiredin order to
Phoebus, which I expectwill turn out very well.
with
Lady Hawley (Downie " Co.),has grown too strongly
keep up a true stock. Eoyal Ashleaf and Myatt's are both
this year, but is a fine pot plant.
me
and kidney-shaped
Potatoes are preferred
good earlyvarieties,
I will take the cerise-coloured ones
in my
next communication,
for the diningtable. For a late-keeping
Lapstone heads
variety
section
and will only add now
the
crimson
of
the
list
here.
American
all been tried and
The
have
some
Potatoes
light
Lord Palwhich it is difficult to classify,
the well-known
all found wanting. Among
as
varieties Paterson's Bovinia
new
merston, which I still think one of the very best bedders, is the most promising. Carter's Main Crop is perhaps the
I shall try
handsomest
of all Potatoes,but lacks fiavour ; still,
though it will not stand the treatment which Mr. A. H. Kent
tested it with.
it again. The
of Paterson's
Marchioness
of Lome, another
Le Grand
is very uncertain,as a rule not free-blooming sent here for trial,
is also particularly
handsome, but I cannot
afford to taste it this season.
enough, very fine at times. An undoubtedly good pot plant.
Eclat (Smith),
has a very largetruss, but is too coarse
Of Cauliflowers and Broccoli I find Walcheren the very best,
except
for largebeds.
making
giving us ample suppliesfrom June to November,
Masterpieceis all foliageand no flower.
three sowings viz.,
in the second week of March, the second
David Garrick (Bell
of August.
" Thorpe),
is in the way of Eclat,but not
week of May for hand-lights,and the third week
SO coarse, and a finer flower.
We are now
cuttingheads of 3 inches in diameter, and others
I conclude
wishes to have my
This
and
of
foot
for
now
by saying if anyone
good
quality.
a
across
secondary purposes,
remarks
the warmer
in the winter
on
of Geraniums
treatment
is succeeded
by Snow's, which keeps up a supply by protection
confirmed, let him go to Mr. Pearson's,of Chilwell,during with fern urtil February,when we have Sutton's White Sprouting
the winter,and, as I stated last year, many
and Osborn's Winter
gardeners would
White, but for the latest of all nothing
their
much
better
late
vineries
for
do
to use
bedding plants is so good nor so hardy as Eclipse (Cattell's).
rather than cold pits. If the temperature of the house is not
Among Savoys I find nothing so valuable as Little Pixie.
Planted out 16 inches plant from plant,the ground is literally
kept above 45" it will not unduly excite the Vines, and very
C. P. Peach.
littlefire heat will be needed.
covered with small but delicious heads of from IJ to 2 lbs.
I shall advise all my
each.
gardening friends to grow this
Savoy largely.
HERO
POTATO.
YORKSHIRE
The most useful vegetablejustnow
is White or Sea-kale Beet
kinds of Potatoes should be named
That so many
recently grown in well-trenched rich ground. The leafstalks are nearly
in the Journal as good, and no mention
made
of the best, is a quarterof an inch thick,and as white as snow.
It is a great
in the footstalk ; it is,however, a very
pleasing
brightcolour.
Kentish Hero I do not like either for its leaf or its flower,
and I haye decided to oast it.
Glow is a very good late-season variety,fine truss, and very
too

long

seasons

on

"

"

"

"

"

remarkable.

I have this year grown

in

rich soilBifers's favourite with the cook.

light

JOUBNAIi

33G

OF

HORTICULTURE

AND

For generalpurpoees nothing surpasses Cole's Celeries,

White
Red.
Sandringham is also good, but in my opinion not
equal to Cole's in quality.
and

Of Beans

have

we

in Carter's Champion, an
capitalvariety

of good quality.
varieties of Cabbages

extraordinary
cropper

the best of all green

Among the many
Barr's Little Pixie stands at the
vegetablesif ready in May
head.
It is plantedon
border at 12 inches apart; all
a south
the plantsare of one size. R. Gilbert, Burghley.
"

"

COTTAGE

[ November

GARDENER.

2, 1871.

bush trees on the Quince stock; Hacon's Incomparable

from a wall,
Pitmaston Duchess and Flemish
Beauty from a wall,and Duchesse
from
tree
all
of
bueh
these
a
were
;
d'Angouleme
large. The second
to Mr.

prizewent

for extraordinarily
Garland, Killerton,
largefruit

of

de la Cour, Beurre Clairgeau,

Gansel's, BeurriJ Bachelier, Marechal
Leon
Leclerc. Third came
Mr.
Doyenne du Cornice,and Van Mens
J. Stephenson, gardenerto F. C. Barber, Esq.,Leigh Hill, Essex,
with Grand
Soleil,XJrbaniste,Huyshe'sVictoria,Beurre Diel, Glon
Morceau, and Marie Louise.

"

Fruit
G. F. Wilson, Esq.,F.R.S., in the chair.
Committee.
Johnstone, gardenerto the Earl of Strathmore, Glamis Castle,
bunches of Muscat
of Alexandria
Forfarshire, sent three handsome
November
1st.
Grapes, weighing10 lbs. 6 ozs.
They were of beautiful colour,and
dash of
the
For snch an nngenial
admired
Committee
awarded
much
a
day,with the wind east and a slight
were
so
specialcertificate.
north in it,
there was
Of the principal
stated that he had two hundred
a fair show.
Mr. Johnstone in his communication
subjectsfor which
offered
in
the
floral and frnit departments namely, Chrywere
bunches
prizes
equallygood. Mr. Johnstone also sent a bunch of a Grape
and ont-door Grapes,neither the number
the quality called the Oakley Park, resembling
santhemnms
nor
ferent.
difthe Morocco, but certainly
of the exhibitions was
of past years
and from the thickness of the
a circumstance
It had a pleasant
sweet flavour,
np to the mark
lateness
of
the
attributable to the
For Chrysantheseason.
skin and the firmness of the flesh,
mums
entirely
appearedas if it would be a useful
while out-door Grapes, late Grape. Mr. Wells, Southend, Essex, exhibited
the Show was quitea fortnight
too early,
two baskets of
stances, Grapes grown in ground vineries ; one of them, beingthe Muscat Hameven
near
burgh
London, have, except under the most favourable circumnot ripened
at all.
in excellent condition,
and of good
largebunches, perfectly
ripe,
Of six large-floweringChrysanthemums only two collections were
certificate. Rev. W. B. Capam, Draycot,
flavour,received a special
shown
from Mr. Goddard, gardener to F. C. Little,Esq.,Cambridge Weston-super-Mare,
one
sent two bunches of Black
Hamburgh Grapes,
small and unripe. Mr.
Villa,CambridgePark, Twickenham, and one from Mr, Rowe, from Rendle's ground vinery, which were
trained to
bunches
gardener to Mrs. Lewis, Eoehampton. The former were
of SyrianGrape.
William Tubb, Regent's
Park, sent some
candelabrum- shaped head,
H,
Mr.
singlestems, branching into a narrow
Rose, gardenerto Her Majesty,Frogmore, sent three
but not hollow in the centre.
Aureum
multiflorum,yellow; Princess
Cayenne Pines weighing2'2ilbs.,
splendidfruit of Smooth-leaved
Marie, lilac;and Mrs. G. Eundle, white, were
cut from
very well bloomed;
plantsgrown from rootless suckers planted September20th,
both very ornaof the others James Salter and Due de Conegliano
certificate was
are
mental
Mr.
1870. A special
unanimouslyawarded to them.
Mr, Eowe's plants
the usual
for conservatorydecoration.
were
Sage, gardener to Earl Brownlow, AshridgePark, exhibited a very
well grown.
Mrs.
G. Rundle,
bnsh specimens,
very healthyand
largebunch of Musa Cavendishii,weighing 46 lbs.,which was awarded
Mr.
Prince of Wales, and Gloria Mundi
were
to J. C. P. Cunliffe,
certificate. Mr. Jacques, gardener
a special
very well bloomed.
Esq ,
Eowe
had the first prize,
Mr. Goddard
being second.
Hooley House, Coulsdon, sent two good large fruits of Musa
Bapienand Golden
Of six Pompons, Mr. Rowe sent fine plantsof White
tum, from a bunch containing sixty-twofruits,averaging 1 lb. each,
Mr. Goddard
Cede Nulli,and Salamon
not follyout.
awarded
cut from
; the others were
a plantone
year and four months old. They were
flat trellises,
of which
sent plantstrained on
Madame
certificate.
Pepin,Lilac
a special
in good bloom.
Mr. Rowe
Cedo Nulli,and Aigled'Or were
was
Elsham
first, Mr. Gardner, gardenerto Col. Astley,
Hall, near
Brigg,
Mr. Goddard second.
sent fine specimensof Coe's Golden
Drop, Coe's Late Red, excellent
The
from
Mr.
cut blooms came
and Guthrie's Late Green, very good ; but of Coe's Golden
Rowe,
in flavour,
onlystand of twenty-four
the flavour was
beautiful,'
gardenerto Mrs. Lewis, Roehampton, and included very good blooms
Drop, though the fruit was
past. Mr.
of Mrs. GeorgeRundle, Prince Alfred, Lady Talfourd, Rev. J. Dis,
C. Ross, gardenerto C. Eyre, Esq.,Welford
Park, Newbury, sent
"

ROYAL

HORTICULTURAL

Mr.

SOCIETY.

"

"

"

For
Guernsey Nugeet,Mr. Brunlees,and Bronze Jardin des Plantes.
a first prize
was
given, and a like award was made to the same
for a stand of twelve,in which the varieties named
the
were
Mr.
best.
Forsyth, of Stoke Newington,exhibited a stand not for

these

dish

competition.
Of decorative
That

which

berried

plantsonly two

took

the firstplacecame
Nicholson, Putney Heath, and

collections of nine were

shown.
Mr. George,gardenerto

from

well-grownReine

of

affected

exhibitor

the

by

to W.

E.

material

Claude

used

in

Hubbard, Esq.,sent

fine,late,yellow Plum

of excellent

de Bavay, but the flavour was

packing. Mr. SidneyFord, gardener
a

dish of St. Martin's Qaetsche,a

collection of other

flavour,also a
of eight speciesof Cratfegns,
two
fruits,
consisting
and
Morello
Cherries.
Red
Benvie
Currants,
Pear,

of

Crabs, Winter
The

Committee

certificate.
special
Miss
consisted of Solanum
ciliatum,
Mr. Essington, Ribbesford House, Bewdley,exhibited a disb of
Cotoneaster
Aucuha
with
raised from Josephine
a
an
Autumn
de Malines,
fruit,
microphylla,green-leaved
green
JosephinePear, a seedling
Mr. Rowe, who
ling,
also sent another seedbut the fruit was
Orange,and a very good plant of Ardisia crenulata.
past its best. Mr. Essington
fruited plantsof Ardisia crenulata, Cotoneaster,
which the Committee
was
second,bad nicely
requestedmight be sent again next season.
red
and
two
dishes
of
Bonne
Skimmia japonica,
and
a
Mr.
W.
sent
Louise
of
Solanum,
yellow
Capsicums,
Thompson, Clements,Ilford,
Aucubas.
Jersey, Beurre
Rouge, and Doyenne du Comice. The latter was
Prizes were
offered both by the Society
and Messrs. Cartet"" Co.
Mr. Powell, the Royal Gardens, Frogmore,sent frnit of a
delicious.
for the best collections of Potatoes, Mr.
The
fruit was from.
Dean, seedsman, Ealing, seedling
Pear, called Premier, raised by himself.
desired to see
it again. Mr.
firstfor the Society's
was
prizeswith a very clean well-growncollection
standard. The Committee
an
open
of thirty-six
which
several
of
Mr.
Fenn's
were
kinds,among
seedlings, Penny,gardenerto Sir C. D, Crosley,
SunningdalePark, sent a disb
as
of well-kept
Winter
Sturmer Pippin. Mr.
Onwards, Rector of Woodstock, Woodstock Kidney, and Bountiful.
Greening Apple,misnamed
R. C. Nisbet
Mr. Lumsden, fjardenerto the RightHon.
Hamilton, Jonathan
Gavett,Daventry, sent a fine fruit of Gloria Mundi Apple,
second
with
in circumference.
inches
Bloxholm
dishes, among
Hall, Sleaford,was
in California, and measuring 14|
fifty-one
grown
which there were
"This fruit was taken from a tree three years old,bearing
a crop equal
finelygrown tubers. Mr. Garland, Killertou
many
sustained
did not appear, also sent collections.
tree was
Gardens, and an exhibitor whose name
to four or five barrels. The
by irrigation
during
the collectiona

awarded

awarded
it a specialcertificate. Mr.
The Committee
dry season.
sent a collection
to D. P. Grenfell,Esq.,Tajjlow,
Brown, gardener
of Apples grown on
horizontal cordon trees,plantedin November,
remarkable
for
not
1869, but they were
quality.
Mr. Chaff',
hibited
gardenerto Alfred Smee, Esq.,F.R.S., Carshalton,exvarieties of Apples,superior in quality
a collection of twelve
the

For the prizesoffered by Messrs. Carter Ss Co. several excellent

The best came
from Mr. D. Lumsdon, Bloxcollectionswere
shown.
holm
The second prizewent
dishes.
Hall, and consisted of fifty-one
to Mr. C. Ross, gardenerto C. Eyre, Esq.,Welford Park, Newbury,
dishes
comprisedtwenty-three

and

of

largetubers.

The

best

dish

of

Cron Potato,for which Messi-s. Carter also offered a prize,came

from Mr. Frisby,gardenerto H. Chaplin,Esq.,Blankney Hall,
Sleaford.
For tho best dishes of out-door Grapesgrown against
a wall without
offered by the Rev, Georpe Kemp.
liberal prizes
were
any protection,
of bringing
have been the means
Hitherto these prizes
a very
together
interesting
display
; but this year, from the coldness of the summer
and autumn, the number
of exhibitors was
and butone
very restricted,
kind was
shown
Royal Muscadine, in every instance under the name
of Sweetwater.
Of this,well known
of the best,if not the
one
as
beat,of out-door Grapesboth for hardiness and flavour,Mr. Norris,
had
the
and best-flavoured
Francis Court, Broadclyst,
Exeter,
largest
Second
Mr.
bunches.
came
Tranter, Upper Assenden, Henley-onMr. Hepper,gardener
Thames.
to C. C. Ledward, Esq.,The
Elms,
Main

"

Acton, also

of the fruit

were

and flavour, to which

sent a
between

there

remarkably

were

numerous

and
exhibitors,

The
first prize
went to Mr.
Mildmay, Bart.,Dogmersfield,'

fine.

Fowlo, gardener to Sir H. St. John

for Conseiller de la Cour and Beurre

Clairgeau,very fine,both

from

certificate was
special

awarded.

Mr. W.

seedliugTomato, called Earley'sDefiance,obtained

Red

Italian and

with
Orangefield,

the

as

Earley
a

cross

communication
following

"

"
It would be a difficulttask to exhibit upon
your table all the merits
flesh
As
round
Tomatoes
Tomato.
a first-classhybrid
possess more
I claim roundness
and
exterior
than ill-shapen ones,
and less seeds
smoothness
as an
especialfeature in this variety. It ripens earlier than
five or six clusters
that it carries efficiently
Orangefield,and is so prolific
earlier cluster or
of an
of fruit upon
each shoot; an
example denuded
fruit and ripen them off,that it
So quickly does it form
two I show you.
is iDJurious to the plants to pinch the shoots in, as is ordinarilypractised.
of
The examples exhibited are a part of the produce of a 9-inch put, one
border, the single pot carrying and
an
which
stood across
a row
open
those
shown."
fruit
to
lbs.
similar
of
42
weight
ripening

of

Mr.

exhibited.

Of six dishes of dessert Pears

some

C.

Charles

of the
flavour.

"

Sweet
Mr.

Ross, The

Gardens, Welford

Park, Newbury,

sent fruit

Pepper,"a handsome red Capsicumwithout the biting

gated
Spary,Charley,near Lewes, sent specimens of a varie-

tho Gardens, Burghley House, StamParsley; and Mr, Gilbert,

but the Comford,three TelegraphCiicumbera and three seedlings,

JOUENAL

338

OF

HOETICULTUBE

AND

COTTAGE

GAEDENEB.

[ November

2, 1871.

Epidendkuh
Pseudepidendbum
the beds,or be suffered to need(EpidendrumFalse-Epiden;useless plantsshould disfigure
lessly
Nat. ord., Orohideffi.
exhaust
the soil ; the place for these is the rubbishLinn., Gynandria Monandria"
A parasiticplant,growing on
a
species of Ficns in the heap, where they may decay into manure, and the soil,
instead
uuj'thern part of the Cordilleras of New Grenada.
The sepals of lying sodden and inert,is cast
roughlynp to become mellow
and petalsare brightgreen, and the lip and upper parts of the
and sweet by spring.
vermilion.
colamn
t
.
At
the
decline
the
it
is
{Ibid., 5929.)
of
orange
to look back
year
very gratifying
EcHiDNopsis
cEKEiFORHis
(Cereus-UkeEchidnopsis).Nat. upon a successful season, but its failures should be carefully
taken to guide our
ord.,Asel^piadtiB.Linn., Icosandria Monogynia. Belongs to remembered, and measures
future efiorts.
and is often knovfn by the name
the tribe Stapelia,
Stapelia A glancethrough the dailyentries of the garden journal,which
has
never
been
discovered.
c^lindrica. Its originalhome
remind
us
of any blanks
every gardener should keep, may now
Flourishes
Kew
in
succulent
warm
at
a
the collection or
selection of plants, fruit trees, or
house, and blooms
among
Flowers
from June to October.
shrubs.
on
It
is
well
this
bright yellow,produced
to do
with the
annually,principally
t. 5930.)
view of at once
eight-groovedstems.
cylindrical
[Ibid.,
and
replacinga valuable varietyof any species,
ARisiEUA
cuitvATuit
(Curved Arisajma).Nat. ord., Aroidete. also because vacant places,wherever they occur, point to a
layas
Linn.,Monojjia Polyandria. A common
of supply,besides implying carelessness and neglect.
plant in the Himascarcity
and in some
other parts of India.
Its tuberous
roots
All persons would
like to attain perfection
in what they do,
of the Arum
maoulatum
are employed like those
for food,but
strive for it with more
less earnestness of purpose :
or
many
their
of
deleterious
are previously
ing.
washhence
deprived
the closer an objectresultingfrom skill and application
properties
by
Spathe of a brownish purple colour outside,
It is
green inside ; approaches perfectionthe more
generallyis it admired.
of fleshy
red
spadis long, taperingand curved ; fruit a mass
by bringingsuch principlesas these to bear upon every action
berries." (Ifiid.,
t. 5931.)
of one's life that even
bed of Cabbage or Lettuce
a
may be
"
EosE
Princess
It is a full-sized,
Beatrice.
regularly-made to present so much excellence as to excite a feelingof
shaped, globularflower,perfectlydouble ; the colour a deep admiration.
Let it not be thought that this view of so simple
but delicate shade of pink, with a clear blush margin; the
a matter
is at all overstrained.
Whatever
is worth doing at
petalsare beautifully
rounded, and of great substance,so that allis worth doing well,"is the maxim
upon which my theme is
the durability
of the flower is unexceptionablygreat. Flowers
however
founded,and it is the mainspring of all earnest efforts,
in condition a
humble
produced under glass in March last remained
may be the objectsought after. Autumn, then, is by
and in the open ground in June and Julythey lasted
fortnight,
no
of repose in gardens,much
a time
means
may be done now
twice the time of any other Eose.
tor another
the gardener'snew
season
; in reality
year begins
The
flower in character
and
outline resembles
Alfred
with the fall of the leaf his measures
now
are
productiveof
able
Colomb, althouBh differing
no
rather
widely in colour from that admirare
immediate result,
they
adopted and executed for
like that of Victor Verdier, the benefit of the crops of another
variety. The growth is more
season, and the glowing
the vigorous shoots producinglarge,bright,
handsome
of floral beauty or the free succulent growth of vegefoliage.masses
tables
One
be overlooked,is that it
not
great qualitywhich must
will alike owe
of another
lence
summer
much
of their excelflowers as freelyin September and October as in the summer
to the careful forethoughtof the cultivatorat this period
months.
It has received a first-classcertificate from the Bojal of the
Edwakd
Luckhuest.
year.
Horticultural Society."[Florist
and Fomologist,
8 s., iv.,217.)

"rnm).

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

MARKET
SEASONABLE
At

no

relax one's

HINTS.

GARDENING.

[Concluded
from page 323.)
The Bedfokdshiee
Disteict lies in Biggleswade,Sandy, and
adjoiningparishes. The soil is a sandy or gravellyloam, of
excellent qualitywhen
not too lightor thin,restingon sharp
gravel,sand, or sandstone rock. The river Ivel, formerly
runs
navigable,
through the district,
joiningthe Ouse at Tempsford. Water is generallyfound at a depth of 16 feet. In order
to shelter a level tract,rows
of loftyElms, trimmed
into excessive
ugliness,are allowed to disfigurethe country in every
direction.
The same
be
objectmight perhaps
attained,with
proprietors,
by the planting.offast-growing
agreement among
timber at salient pointsto break the currents of wind, and thewell as protectedby
as
neighbourhood might, be ornamented
such means
without injuryto the crops.

the year is there a greatertemptation to

efforts in the trim keeping of a garden than now,

period of

when
th% lengtheningnights and the palingleaves denote the
The season
of growth is past, repose or
approach of winter.
decay takes the placeof the vigourof vegetablelife,and gusty
autumnal
winds
scatter the fallingleaves on all sides. The
is to impart an
air of neglect,
and more
tendency of autumn
to those gardens where
deciduous
trees abound, so
especially
that unless great care is taken a drearyuntidiness prevails,
and
all the pleasuresof the garden seem
to have departedwith the
This is not right; autumn
has its own
brightdays of summer.
and care
should be taken that they do not
peculiarattractions,
lose any of their beauty or enjoyment through carelessness or
The
breadth
include a considerable
of corn.
neglect.
crops grown
Amongst the more
importantwork to be done now lawns Turnip,Kohl-Eabi, and Onion seeds,and a few Carrots and
close
Peas
and
of the
are
none
attention.
The
excessive
especiallyrequire
moisture, Parsnips. Scarcely any
grown,
resultingfrom dewy nights,lies thicklyon the turf,and wormfancy crops," such as flowers and culinaryherbs. The main
abound ; the roller must, therefore,
Potatoes
casts
and
be set in constant
Onions, both for pickling and for
crops are
use.
In all gardens, besides the heavy iron roller,there
"lofting" i.e.,storingin airylofts constructed for the purpose,
should be a lightroller,
A large portionof
with louvre boards for ventilation.
justheavy enough to pass brisklyover
districts.
lawn
to
dew
the
the
It
is
a
and press down wormcasts, so that an
mon
comdisperse
manufacturing
produce is sent to
active man
can
a largearea
of turf in a short time.
to sell largelyto the dealers or agents who visit Bedfordshire
pass over
Liwns
much
be rolled daily,after any strayleaves or
after the middle
of June
for the purpose of buying the
seen
can
other unsightlyobjectshave been removed.
The grass-edgings
growing crops of Potatoes,which are liftedand marketed under
should also be constantly
before the
the walks well weeded, swept, their direction during the followingthree months
clipped,
raked and rolled,and flower borders kept neat and trim by Scotch supply has commenced.
This intervention of middlemen
be
in
order
to
to
It is
seems
removing all decaying leaves or plants as they occur.
regulateand
practically
necessary,
distribute
the
well to prolong the summer
in
the
flower
of
various
beds
at
the
distant
as long
display
dailysupply
vegetables
HS
and yellowleaves
sere
possible,but when
predominate, markets.
the beds should be cleared of their occupants, and the soil
The succession of crops is not regular. It is observed that
either turned
Turnip seed is a good, and Potatoes a bad preparationfor
np to the sweetening influence of winter, or
plantedwith suitable winter plants.
Wheat, and that Onions ought not to be taken from the same
I know
it is a difficult matter
rotation is :
to do all this as well and as
ground oftener than once in five years. A common
wishes
but
from
its
as
a
one
apart
promptly
1, Onions ; 2, Turnip seed or Potatoes ; 3, Wheat ; followed
being matter of
;
seed (afterPotatoes),
by such crops as Onion
Cucumbers,
duty,it is worthy of our best efforts at a season of the year when
the high keepingand exquisite
of a well-ordered garden Carrots,or Parsnips. The
neatness
most
important crop is Onions,
are
and sometimes
rendered all the more
conspicuous and attractive by their which receive enormous
dressingsof manure,
contrast with the dailyincreasingwildness of Nature's garb. yield a handsome
return.
The method
of cultivation is the
Nor
do these remarks
inches
in
depth,and the
at Barking
same
as
one
apply only to the flower garden and
ploughing,G
but they bear with equal force upon
harrowed
in with the seed ; 50 tons of dung per acre
manure
the kitchen
shrubbery,
Neatness
garden and glasshouses.
should ever form a leading are sometimes
applied,costing8s. per ton at the railway,and
feature of kitchen-garden
No spent orope or
10s. when spreadin the field. Small dressingsof guano are
management.
"

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"

JOUBNAL

2, 1871. ]

November

OF

HOBTICULTUEE

for
ooeasionallyused, but in the case of Onions intended
must be appliedcautiously,
as they
forcingmanures
lofting,"
have been
luxuriant growth ; and as bulbs which
induce
a
the grower loses
too rapidlydo not keep satisfactorily,
grown
in
March
! The
"11
ton
his crop at
the chance of selling
per
cost of hoeing is "5 for the season.
Turnip seed or Potatoes follow Onions, with a dressing of
seed is
guano for the former and of soot for the latter. Tarnip
who
for seedsmen
supply the farmer with stock seed,
grown
planted
which is drilled at 21 inches apart, or the plants are transOne ploughing suffices
from a seed-bed in November.
""

AND

COTTAGE

GAEDBNEB.

339

Potatoes
(3tons per acre)at "11 per ton, on a Saturdayin the
third week in June ; on the Monday the pricewas
"9 per ton,
fell one-half.
and it soon
Cabbages when very plentifulare
sold at id. a-dozen,they ought to fetch 9d.,and it
sometimes
to the grower when
is very satisfactory
they sell at Is. a-dozeu.
dozen bunches
of Carrots per acre, including
Three hundred
are a very
"chumps " or rough Carrots,sold to stable-keepers,
largecrop ; 2s. 6(i.perdozen is a satisfactory
price. This year
Carrots are
to sell well at 3s.
considered
A bunch
contains
from 50 Carrots,
earlyin the season, to 25 when they are larger,
20 tons of Belgian Carrots,are considered a good crop ; 40s. a
ton is a common
A crop of
price at the stables in London.
more
Parsnips generallyweighs considerably
; the priceof the
finest roots varies from Is. to Is. 6d. per score of 22.
A good crop of " Collards " is 200 dozen bunches.
It varies
between
50 and 350 dozen, and the smaller crop may
pay best,

for Potatoes
The land is ploughedin autumn
for this crop.
and again in spring,and the sets are planted with a dibble at
of early Potatoes a wide
the second ploughing. In the case
furrow of 9 inches or 10 inches is given,and the sets are placed
Potatoes
Late
are
planted in every third
in alternate furrows.
and selling
furrow of 8 inches or 9 inches.
perhaps at a high price,
reducingthe land but little,
tatoes with comparatively small deductions for the cost of labour and
noticed.
be briefly
Early PoA few other particulars
may
and Scarlet Eunners
and fifty
bushels of Peas are a large
hundred
are planted marketing. One
(whichare not earthed),
the ground is a very great price,which
is
in alternate rows, the latter occupying the whole space between
crop, and "15 on
the
the
of
Potatoes.
removal
dealers
for
would yield8 quarters of
after
that
sometimes
a crop
paid by
the rows
(3feet or Si feet)
is grown.
threshed Peas; 2s. 6d. and 3s. per bushel are common
in
A large breadth of Gncnmbers
They are manured
prices
Covent Garden, up to 8s. for the first earlyPeas,or for
blues "
with perhaps 40 tons of dung per acre, planted thicklyin rows,
seed.
of Eye or Onion
when
sheltered at 6-feet intervals by rows
they come first to market, " whites " being then worth
Onion
seed is but little. A crop of Onions, I believe,
with this crop.
acres
Some
sow
weighs about half as
many
growers
and is sometimes
as
a
also grown at 2-feet intervals,
supported by much
Counties,where
crop of Swedes in the Eastern
from
and
Swedes
10 to 15 tons are
of
are
a
20
more
tons
but
earthingstakes and string,
generallyby
great crop,
up.
of the land for Onions
5s.
from
to
9s.
The preparation
Prices are
common
Genekaij
cwt.
Eemakks.
price
per
;
crops
In the Essex
trict affected by a varietyof circumstances
diswhich cannot be foreseen.
indicates that they prefer a solid surface.
A blightin the earlyPotatoes would raise the priceof Carrots
a ploughing is given before Christmas, a largequantityof
the land during frost,and is well
and other competitivevegetables. Cabbages were
short dung is spread on
sellingthis
the
harrowed
in
with
is
afterwards
with
it
fork
knocked
14th,because there were few Peas
a
year at Is. a-dozen on June
;
if it be covered
Each gardeningdistrict has its innings,
in market.
If dung be ploughed in,and especially
or Potatoes
seed.
which
terminates suddenly ; for example, any districtwhich is
it is observed that the plant does not get hold of it until
deeply,
"

"

earlier than another has possessionof the market

so
rampant habit is induced at the end
long as
the advantage lasts. During a fortnightlast spring immense
ought to be bulbing. The oonsebe
less
Essex
would
from
the
sent
of
injurious quantities
to
perhaps
Cabbages were
great
"quences of ploughing in dung
Lisbon Onions
old garden ground, which is full of manure.
on
manufacturing towns in the north.
Lisbon
sends the earliest Potatoes to London, the French
in August or earlyin September.
for salads are sown
wall,
PicklingOnions require the same cultivation and excessive coast and ScillyIslands follow,then Jersey,Guernsey,Cornand are bleached
and Holland ; and by the middle of June, these distant
by
manuring. They are sown
very thickly,
the
before
is
secured.
time
driven
of
districts
are
the
out
but early
mould over them a short
market, by the arrival
crop
"casting
The
large of suppliesfrom Essex, "a. Bed Cabbages have been sold at
process of brining and skinning the crop for one
in
sheds.
hundred
the
and
at
ton
25s.
in
160s.
four
women
about
working
early
employs
season,
grower,
per
per ton a fortnight
afterwards ; or at from Is. to 4s. per dozen.
H. Evekshed
I)ung, which is usuallyplaced in largeheaps 5 feet high and
(in
frequently10 yards wide,is turned twice for Onions.
Journal.)
Royal AgriculturalSociety's
An
district.
in the field garden
sional
occaPeas are not profitable
piece of earlyPeas is sown in November, to be followed
MOOR
PARK.
which may be plantedas soon
as
such crop as Broccoli,
by some
the Peas are off. After hoeing,the Peas are moulded
This residence of Lord Ebury is remarkable
for itshistorical
up, and
associations as well as for its sylvan beauty. It is situated
the haulm is laid to check over-luxuriance.
the
on
the southern
Broccoli and Caulifiowers are largelygrown
joins
strong, near
extremityof the county of Herts, and adfor
the villageof Bickmansworth, to which there is a branch
soil of Enfield,a spot which is famous
deep fruit-bearing
bage. from the main line of the North-Western Eailwayat Watford.
of the varieties of Cabto one
the tribe,and has given a name
BrocThe visitor,
after alightingat the first-named village
The cultivation of Cauliflowers and of Waleheren
and crossing
the river Colne, arrives in a very short time at one
"oolihas been noticed in connection. with a garden in Bermondof the
press
planted after Potatoes or Cabbages lowest points of the park. The first glanceis sufBoient to imsey. The latter are usually
at the end of June or earlyin July,and are cut from September
to
upon hiih the certaintythat he is enteringa domain
which the term Park has with all proprietybeen applied for
to December.
Market
gardenersalso provide a crop of Broc"ooli to cut early in spring, sowing the Sprouted, Winter
generations. In all directions he sees the beautiful
many
toes,
sward studded with Oaks and other trees of all ages and conditions
White, and other kinds to plantearlyin September after Potarow,
that might be almost
A heavy coat of dung is turned in with a deep fur"c.
; some
contemporary with the
the
when
in
and
stunted
Crusades,
on
girth,and
stag-headed,yet of immense
deep soil,by three horses,or dug
tion
occupais small.
each grand in all the characteristicsof a weather-beaten
and
The earliest are sold in time to sow Carrots or
of
venerable tree; others not so old by a century or two, some
Onions.
Other varieties follow during the springand summer.
and garden cultivation
which
Lettuce.^ Without
might excite the cupidityof the timber merchant ; and
plenty of manure
Iiettuoes run to seed quickly. Hammersmith
has given a name
racter
others stillyounger, promising to maintain that park-likechaNature has lent her
to one variety,
of the place for centuries to come.
to neighand they are confined in greatmeasure
bourhoods
The Brown
Cos is aid towards perfecting
the gardens are small.
all this ; for instead of the simple level
where
in November
here we have a succession of bold hills and
for earlyuse ; this and the White and better, or uniform
sown
incline,
but less hardy varieties,
in succession from February
out
all that the lover of park scenery could wiah for withare sown
valleys,
tillJane.
is at the end of May,
These necessitate,
in London
The chief demand
of access.
however, a certain
difficulty
made
seedto
June
in
in
the
road
and during
and July. Early sowings are
of curve
avoid inconvenient
amount
carriage
ents,
gradiwhich is effected without renderingthe road tortuous or unlater sowings may be made in drills without transplanting.
meaning,
fceds,
and after a drive of nearly a mile,passingby on the
With respectto the weight of crops, which is the chief point
noble trees close to the carriageroad,the mansion
is
of agricultural
interest,garden crops are generally removed
way many
the
stone building,
before they are mature, and they are plantedthicklywith that approached,.It is a largeand portly-looking
front
the
number
of
but
of
a
bunches, carriage
consisting
porticoof Corinthian columns,
object. It is not the weight,
that no preand presentinga front of some
Prices vary so much
180 feet or more, but owing to
that yieldsa large return.
cise
of my
the character of the ground, the oppositeside,which looks out
be given,although one
estimates on the subject
can
his books
ing
Informants lent me
containing exact accounts of upon an Italian garden,is one storeyhigher,the ground declinto that extent in the middle of the mansion.
The site is
monthly sales for several years. I can report a sale of early
late in the season, and a
of June, when
the Onion

"

"

JOURNAL

uo

OF

HORTICULTURE

AND

of those valleysby which the whole of the

a littleway
up one
park is divided,and this one opening to the north admits a
fine view over the district,
and
extendingfar in that direction,
which holds some
other parks scarcelyless important than the
in
which
On
the
one
we
at presentare.
three other sides of
the mansion
the ground rises gently at first,
and then more
the whole park, which
consists of upwards of
rapidly
; in fact,
600

is

continued

succession

of hill and

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

[ November

2, 1871.

the flower

gardenproper, and it adjoinsthe mansion

the opposite
on
There seems
carriageentrance.
to be some
uncertainty
to the date of its formation,but it is said to be the work of one
of
the few luckySouth Sea stockholders,
who held this placein the early
part of the last century,and did much to embellish it in various waysThe design
of the beds is simpleand good in itssimplicity,
the space
allowed for pathsis ample, and the beds are
of proper size,contrasting
with some
of the contracted
beds of the presentday,
favourably
too often not largerthan a pocket-handkerchief.The
side of the

as

a
dale. Our
acres,
principal
gardenlegitimateendeavour must be to describe the dressed part of is in three compartments, with vases, snn dial,and fountains appropriately
the grounds in detail,
and firstof all we may observe that these
and the whole surrounded by broad gravel
walks.
placed,
An
ornamental
to divide this from
the park.
serves
The
come
joining
balustrading
properly under three divisions the Italian garden adflower garden extends
the whole lengthof the mansion
for
about
the mansion
the
detached
pleasure ground,
;
upper
180 feet,and
in depth,but the dressed
about the same
grounds
from the last and Ijing within a ring fence; and the kitchen
stretch considerably
further in a westerly
the front wall of
direction,
garden proper, with its glazed structures,constitutingthe the
flower garden beingcarried on in a straight
line some
in.
distance
useful portion,which last-named
is in another part of the park.
that direction,
and then returned at rightangles. There is a terrace
We
shall commeDce
with the Italian garden. This may be called walk on the north-west side 20 feet wide,and not less than 600 feet.
"

Moor

Park.

partlyplantedwith choice Pinuses and other shrubs, spectedLord Anson, so celebrated for his voyage round the world and*
and
also contains that indispensable
adventures. That he should devote himself to embeUishadjunctnow-a-days a croquet subsequent
with
of
summer-house
and the other attendants of a mansion
as
some
a
ing his country seat is as worthyof commendation, perhaps,
ground,
and
that he should
the templehe there
name
pretension. The whole at the time of our visitwas in the best possibleof his other exploits,
The Temple of the Winds," is not remarkable in one who had
order ; the flower beds were
gay with their various occupants,the turf built
their caprices.
clean and trim,and the trees and shrubs were
models of good so often experienced
was
in other ways
The
enclosed
noble proprietor
culture. One of its compartments was
with a fine hedgeof
same
was
a
great patron of'
think
that it was
he who introduced the Moor Park
Sweet Briar
much employedas it oughtto be.
a shrub not half so
gardening. Some
from
it is said the original
The next important
eastern lands,and
tree lived on
feature of the placeis the old or upper pleasure Apricot
ground. This detached portionof the grounds includes upwards until 1840, when it died.
Moor
Park
is
have
of 25
been introduced by
[The
Apricot said by some to
acres, with a gameproof fence around, and occupies the
and plantedat Moor
Lord Anson
Park. By others its introduction ia^
of those eminences
summit and part of the sides of one
so numerous
of last century is
in the park. A straight
200 yards in length,
leads to it ascribed to Sir Thomas
More, who in the beginning
walk, some
A third account
is that*.
from the house,and it is entered by flights
of steps divergingright also said to have plantedit at Moor Park.
Sir John Temple introduced it. Which
of these is correct it is imposand leftafter the firstlanding,
the whole presenting
mens
sible
imposingspecito determine,but it was
not tillthe close of the last century
of masonry and sculpture,
now
and among these a templein imitation
that
this
attained
It
in tha
not
of the Acropolis
of Athens.
a
was
Apricot
generalcultivation.
The two walks that divergeat these stepstake an easy and agreeable Brompton Park cataloguebefore 1784, when it is mentioned under the
of
Moor Park.'^
all round, but sufficiently
far from the outer fence to preventits
name
curve
Temple Apricot."In 1788 it is first called
In 1784 it was
the whole
cultivated in that nursery to the extent of three rows,
while other walks intersect in various places,
beingperceived,
300 plants
or
or about
rows,
so truly
; but in 1797 to the extent of thirty-five
beingin that easy natural style
Englishin all its parts. We
; it isoughtin the firstinstance to have stated that the borderingto the 3500 plants. The Moor Park is undoubtedlyof French origin
either
seminal
of
the
Peche
the
Pcche
Abricot
the
is
not
native
Abricot
fence on
inner side of this enclosure
a
mostly of hardy
variety
but the Abricot Peche o"
trees,intermixed with shrubs of similar growth,while the interior is of Duhamel, which is our White Masculine
of Rhododendrons,
Bretonnerie and Roger Schabol, or is identical with it. Our own
of tuif with broad masses
more
open, havingextensive glades
that
it
is
identical
is
of
like
but
is
it.
It
said to have originated
and
with
of
choice specimens Pinuses,
kind,
opinion
plants a
flower beds are
in Piedmont
from
the Alberge. It is not mentioned
A tine pieceof water
was
as
a
seedling
very properlyexcluded.
Jardinier
introduced here,a rustic summer-house
in the
tioned
there,while the templemenFran^ais of 1653, nor in any of the editions
of De Quintinye,Switzer speaksof
and other parts.
looked well when viewed from the mansion
a very
large kind of Apricoclr
The laying-out
that was
cultivated at Woolhampton, Berkshire, as big as a Peach,
boy
of this gardenis due to one whom even
every schoolwho reads voyages
and travels holds in hononr
the mnch-reand itis there called the French Apricock." This was in all' proba
long,which

is

"

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November

2, 1871. ]

JOUBNAL

OF

HOETICULTUBE

ilitythe Moor Park, but neither Hitt nor Miller notice it in any
editions of their works. The earliestrecord of it,except by Switzer,
is to be met with in Roger Schabol. Eds.]
of the most remarkable
At a short distance from the entrance is one
SprnceFirs I ever saw, and said to be one of the oldest in England.
Mr. D. Cunningham, the able gardener at Moor
to think
Park, seems
it mighthave been in existence at the time when the ill-fated Duke of
fate on
Moor
hia tragic
met
Park belonged,
Monmouth, to whom
Tower
Hill.
Tradition relates that at that time hia widowed Duchess
had all the Oaks in the park beheaded also,and had this tree been
to the same
treatment
as the Oaks, it is not
unlikelythat it
subjected
one.
a peculiar
would assume
the form it now
has, which is certainly
be called one, is scarcely3 feet high
The bole of the tree,if it can
each of them beinga perfect
tree
where it divides into three portions,
of itself,
uniformlyclothed with branches,and toweringup to a great
where
with
the
branches
they
formed,
height,
Interlacing
symmetrically
Two
branches
from them have touched the ground,taken root,
meet.
of their parents. The whole group is most
and are rising
up in rivalry
"

Italian Garden

dendrons not far from

Libocedrus chUensis,a

it,some

of which

almost touched the water,

often met with in
any means

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

3il

work
not the leastremarkable feature beingthe formidable netinteresting,
the naked roots presenton the surface. I had not the opportunity
main
trunk
be
but the
must
of measuringany of the specimens,
wards
upof 20 feet in circumference.
The soil is dry and sandy, the
in it,and there is every proRhododendron
seeming to grow freely
bability
of its outliving
of the human
race.
generations
many
Near
to it are
two very tine "Weymouth Pines,amongst the largest
of their species.The roots of these trees also have raised themselveS'
folds.
and presenta huge network of serpent-like
upon the surface,
A littlefurther on
found a fine Douglas Fir, and in another
we
about 40 feet high. It isplacea still finer Tasodium
sempervirens,
in such good form.
Picea Pinsapo
seldom we meet with this species
also good,though probablynot so high as the Taxodium
was
by
10 feet,yet a noble symmetrical
also an excellent
tree.
There was
Araucaria
the
hard
of.
which
had
winter
imbricata,
evidently
escaped
mental
1866-67,for it was healthyand vigorous.Near to a pieceof ornawater was
growinga fine specimenof the Golden Larch, well
with the largemasses
of Rhodocoloured,and contrasting
favourably

at Moor

Park.

presentin greatabundance. A largetenft

Conifer not by
150 feet long by 30 feet wide,with a stage in the centre and narrow
shelf
each
good condition,was here well represented
filled
with productionsfrom gentlemen's
everywhere. Cryptomeria
on
side,was
dens,
garand an excellent pairof pot Vines were
japonicawas also in good condition,
formed into a pleasingbeing upwards of 25 feet high,
and
well furnished from the bottom upwards,with
other trees
many
lookingarch,spanningthe centre stage at the entrance end. They
which I had not the opportunity
of takingnotice of. We must not
Foster's Seedling,
were, we believe,
bearinga white Grape,and having
forgetthe fine examplesof the two most importantof all Conifers, a dozen good bunches evenlydistributed over them. We believe theji
for theyhave been tried longest,
and have stood the ordeal well,and
from
Mr. Brush, gardenerto Sir H. Campbell,who exhibited
came
theyare the good old Scotch Fir and Cedar of Lebanon.
Fine specimens other plantsbesides these ; in fact,the exhibitors of plantsand fruit
of both graced the grounds in several places,
and were
that we did not attempt to count them, but the
so
numerous
probably were
amongst the firstselection of trees plantedthere,while there seem
to
gardeners of the Earls of Essex and Clarendon, Lords Ebury and
have followed others, includingCedrus Deodara
D. Norton,
and some
H.
more
Sir
H.
Chesham,
Campbell,Bart., E. Majoribanka,
Conifers. It must not be supposedthat theyare crowded together
in
R. Pryor, J. King, W.
Jones
Lloyd, W. H. Smith, D. Carnegie,
a confused manner;
the
there
on
is ample space for each, and W. McMurray, Esqrs.,
all contributors,
well as many
contrary,
as
were
"withlargeopen gladesof neatly-mowngrass between,which in some
others.
other
There were
tents, in which
bouquets,devices in*
and at others are nearlylevel. The whole
placesundulate irregularly,
the
set forth,in most
flowers for the table,"c., were
cases, I believe,
stands high,which no doubt accounts for the healthiness of the trees.
work of ladies ; some
were
very neat, others novel,and one combined
The groundbeingdry enabled them to ripentheir wood well in the
both these qualities.
This was
an"^
a designin imitation of a beam
trees gave that shelter to the
autumn, and the outer belt of common
the beam
and
of the scales beingcovered
scales,
suspendingstrings
inner ones so much wanted by trees and shrubs from other climates.
with moss
and
lightcreepers, while fruit occupiedone scale and
Having endeavoured to place before the reader a roughoutline of the flowers the other. It is easy to guess which side went down, showing,
*'
Old Pleasure Ground," as itis termed,we will now
and make
doubt
intended
it should, the superiority
of fruit
the designer
as
no
diverge
the horticultural show that was
a few remarks
on
beingheld there at over flowers.
the time of my visit. It is called
The
Rickmansworth
The cottagers'
tent contained excellent examplesof vegetables,
Cottagers'
bnt
Horticultural Exhibition,"but the productions
sent from the many
the competition
in fruits was
not so keen as it might have been, a
gentlemen'sgardensaround formed by far the most attractive features matter which Lord Ebury in his address to the exhibitors alluded to.
of the Show, as well as occupiedthe greater
It must
almost to
space.
not, He addressed them on one of those sweet spotswhich seem
however,be supposedthat we disparagethe cottagers'produce; on
have been made
for the purpose
a good-sized
open
space of closethe contrary,much
of it was
in
be
its
as
could
shaven
as
surrounded
shrubs
and
with
good
desired,
a rustic summerturf,
way
trees,
by
but such plantsas Alocasias,Crotons,Allamandas, Caladiums,
and
house
at one
side. His subjectwas
Cottage Gardens and thei?
Pines,Grapes,and Peaches, are not usuallymet with in cottagers'Management,and the influence they have on t,the
habits of aU who
gardens, and they were

"

"

OF

JOURNAL

U2

HORTICULTURE

AND

COTTAGE

[ November

GARDENER.

2, 1871.

then becoming Crown

interest in them.
His lordship
petitors
property,the Earl of Bedford was
spokeof the nnmher of comappointed
The capricious
there beingupwardsof 130, aboat the
in the presentinstance,
Henry again paid the placea visit for three
ranger.
but
this
time
his
fifth
small
Catherine
last
also
of
the
of
fruit
and
Howard.
as
same
pressed weeks,
exaccompaniedby
Queen,
shown,
quantity
year ;
his opinion that in all cases
where a Plum
to another memor an
ber
Apricotcould We nest read of Queen Elizabeth grantingthe manor
of the Russell familyfor ."1'20 a-year. and of an Earl and Countess
the walls of a cottage it oughtto
be plantedwith advantage af:;ainst
Bedford
here
the
time
of
the
of
accession
the
from
often
at
of
James
such
I.
The
trees was
be done, as
return
residing
very considerable,
intimate friend of the Queen of that monarch, and
Countess
take care
was
said he would
such of
an
and even
to have this done against

take

an

of the few who retired from Court at her death with an honourable
his cottagesas afforded space for them.
further remarks
one
After some
the good Earl of Bedford,"
as
of a like kind his lordshipsaid he hoped the successful competitorsreputation.This Earl is remembered
and he and the Countess must have been amongst the earliest patrons
"would not regardtheir winnings as being of less value than on two
when
former occasions,
theywere handed to them by a Princess and a of gardeningin this country,as Sir William Temple says, in 1655,
of them knew had kindly that the gardenat Moor
Prime Minister,and that a ladywhom many
Park, which the Countess laid out, exceeded
It was
sold about that
in size and excellence all others he knew.
consented to givethe prizes. These consisted mostly of money, but
time to the Earl of Pembroke, a literary
nobleman, from whom it
seemed
by a ladyin the neighbourhood,
one, a bible,given,we believe,
Earl
of
whom
the
title of Montdescended
another
gomery
to
to
did
as
Pembroke,
some
very appropriate,
gardentools and other things.
also added.
Of him littleis known, but history
retains the
was
The above digression
the subjectof a horticulturalshow must not
on
made to a minister of Charles II.,
years after,
houses. tart replyof his wife some
prevent us making mention of the kitchen gardenand forcing
I
a candidate for the boroughof Appleby.
We are not sure whether the siteis entirelya fresh one ; be that as it who wished to nominate
bullied
and
have
been
an
neglectedby a Court, but I will
by
usurper
is a short distance from the mansion,
may, the kitchen garden now
sha'n't stand. An"'E of
not be dictated to by a subject. Your man
the
and concealed from it
between.
It
*'

"

"

is,nevertheless,
by
highgrowth
MONTGOMERY."
of soil, DOHSET, PEilBROKE, AND
conveniently
placedfor shelter,
quality
in 1632 to Rob.
Her husband
alienated the house from the manor
and
the other points that constitute a goodgarden. A hurried
run
Earl of Monmouth, as
all that the greathouse or lodgelately
throughit enabled us to see that it was well croppedwith vegetables, Cary,
dwelt ; also aU
Countess
Bedford
Earl
and
wherein
the
of
built,
lately
and the trees against
the walls,and those grown as open standards,
had
that new
to the said house eastward,latelymade
by
garden adjoining
them
for the season.
a good crop of fruit on
The walls of the garden
the said Earl of Pembroke ; and that other gardenwith a bowling-greeu
enclose upwardsof four acres, and amongst other things
noticed
we
thereunto
adjoining."
fine Keens' Seedling
some
Strawberries,
ripeand of fair size on August
The next occupant of Moor
Park was
the Earl of Monmouth, either
16th. We had made up our mind to inquire
for these,as in Mr. Cunningham's
the descendant of the Sir Robert Carey who rode from
London
to
collectionat the show there were
dishes of these Strawberries
in
the
death of Queen Elizabeth to
three
to
announce
days
Edinburgh
and other fruits. Mr. Cunningham told us they were
from
of
some
James
himself.
He
and
his
were
trusted
enor the veritable equestrian
L,
lady
those plantsearliestforced,that were
turned out as soon
as the weather
of the young prince,
afterwards Charles I.
with the bringing-up
then bearing well. He said he never
allowed, and which were
was
Park passedinto the
The Earl of Monmouth
died in 1639, when Moor
"without Strawberries from the end of Februaryup to that time.
In
who
it
in
1660
hands
the
Duke
of
of
sold
to the unfortunate
Ormond,
the houses the earliest Peaches had been gathered
in May, but there
After his execuDuke
of Monmouth, illegitimate
of Charles II.
tion
son
later ones
"were
that were
justthen ripe,and more to follow,and the
duchess
is
Tower
Hill
his
widowed
on
popularlybelieved to have
same
might be said of Grapes. Some of these which had been planted
if they
is
doubtful
had
all
the
in
the
but
it
trees
beheaded,
park
about four years were
just in their prime,and the whole betokened
at the present time the
underwent any such operation,for certainly
the best of management.
The condition of the flower garden and old
old trees presentthe usual features.
Spleasure
ground reflected the greatestcredit on Mr. Cunnineham, who
Moor
Park was
sold in 1720, and this time to a commoner
again
in addition to his many
other duties,had much
to do with the arrangement
Mr. Styles,one of the few luckyspeculators
who gainedwealth by the
for the show. Lord Ebury considerately
provideda dinner at notorious
He appears
rebuilt
South Sea scheme.
to have completely
the mansion
for the gardeners
who
had brought plantsto the show,
encased
but is now
the
which
was
a brick structure
mansion,
formerly
where upwards of thirty
Mr. Fleming,of Cliveden,was
sat down.
the
artists to
Vice-Chairman;and Mr. Frost,from Dropmore,Mr. Wood, from Lord with stone. An Italian architect was employed,and also
of "150,000 was
and it is said a sum
expended on
Ravensworth's,with others from a distance,were also present,making paintthe ceilings,
the house and garden,a largesum
that day. Mr. Stylesdied in
at
alotgetheran extraordinarymeeting of the craft.
cumnavigator,
1739, and the next possessor of Moor Park was Lord Anson, the cirThis notice of Moor Park would be incomplete
without an outline of
who, notwithstandingthe many ups and downs he had
ats history,
for it is connected
with many
greatevents,and many great
to have been a man
as well fitted to adorn
encountered,
quite
appears
of
bygonstimes.
personages
a quiet
country home as the turmoils of a naval life. Notwithstanding
"
it has on more
occasion
a Royal palace,
than one
Although never
miraculous
the many
adventures at sea, narrow
escapes, and almost
of one
of our
beein the abode
or
more
monarchs, and has changed
that it was
successes, yet he had learned so little of worldlywisdom
"owners
as often,
perhaps,as most largemansions. Nevertheless,with jocularly
the world but had
he had been round
said of him that
each of the many
one
has done well by it. The
exception,
proprietors
been in it." He had, which was
ing,
never
better,a fondness for gardenfine timber trees that ornament
the park have been allowed to stand,
and plannedand executed the old pleasure
ground as described,in
that theynow
so
coveted.
It
present the venerable aspect so much
the
He
also made
which
Brown."
he was
assisted by "Capability
has been the scene
of events alluded to by Shakespeare,
well as
as
the piece
of the Winds and the other features there, including
"furnishedheroes and heroines for Sir Walter Scott and Bulwer-Lytton, Temple
a
of ornamental water, a feat not accomplished without difficulty
on
with all propriety
so the ground can
be called classic ; but our task is
of Moor
dry hill. It is said that during the time be held possession
with dry facts,
and to them
adhere.
The earliest record of
must
we
it.
Park he spent the sum
of "80,000 in embellishing
the manor
of
The More," tells of its being given to the Abbey of
His successor
sold it to Sir Laurence
Duudas, who sumptuously
St. Alban's,by Offa,King of Mercia, more
than eleven hundred years
entertained
GeorgeIV. when Prince of Wales on several occasions.
for
cruel
since,as an atonement
treacherous
murder
he had
stillin the

park,and

"

"

"

"

and
a
corated
of the tapestrythat deHe is said to have removed
to London
some
death the young sovereignof another state at
when
the rooms,
but that loss was
trifling
compared to that
the wedding feast of his own
daughter. We then lose sightof Moor
inflicted on Moor
Park by its next occupant, a Mr. Rous, an East
Park for several centuries,
and it next appears leased from the Abbey
He was
Indian merchant, who bought it of Sir L. Dundas.
guiltyof
at a penny a-year. But no residence of importanceat Moor
Park
is
down part
sins againstgood taste in pulling
most unpardonable
some
noted tillthe beginningof that disastrous periodof English
history of the mansion and spoiling
he spared
it in other ways, but fortunately
known as the
Wars of the Roses," when it became
the propertyof
the timber.
ArchbishopNevill,a younger brother to the warlike and powerful
We next find it sold to a Mr. Williams, who, with his successor,
Earls of Warwick and Montacute.
The
Archbishopappears to have
when
Park the first
of the
held Moor
to
committed, in putting

*'

been

and deceitful,
actuated,perhaps,
temporising
by anxietyto

his greatwealth.

twenty-five
years

tect
pro-

pressure

on

some

bank

with

which

he

was

presentcentury,

connected

induced

him

to

who
built the first mansion
He it was
here, sell it,and it was then bought by the father of its presentnoble proprietor,
and history
records
Edward
IV. was
that when
his guest,an
once
the first Marquis of AVestminster. From
him
it passedto
attendant whispered
in the King'sear that some
unfair play"was meditated,
it
its
Lord
continue
as
we
hope, may long
Ebury, who,
possessor,
and the King stole out of the house
at night,and fled to
well deserves to be presided
over
by one who can so thoroughly
appreciate
Windsor.
Soon after this the King himself,ha-^ing
givenoffence to
its beauties." J. Rodson.
the greatEarl,was obliged
after
to flythe kingdom,but returningsoon
he foughtthe great and decisive battle of Barnet, in which the two
Earls fell. The Archbishopsoon
after this was
NEW
BOOK.
deposedfrom his
and also from that of the Lord Chancellorship.
high clericalposition,
Culture of the Chrysanthemum as -practised in the Temple GarThe next occupant of Moor
Park was
who had also foughtat
one
dens, with a List of the Vaneties.
By J. Newton, Gardener
Barnet on the same
the Earl
of Oxford, who,
side as the Nevills
after many
to the Honourable
Societyof the Middle Temple,
changes of fortune,was eventuallyrestored to his rights
for the aid he rendered Henry VII. at Bosworth.
He died in 1513,
readers
This is a thoroughly practicallittle work, and our
when
Moor Park passed into the hands of another prelate
and chancellor, will find the results of the author's
tive
experiencein its pages relaone
not more
than the former one, and whose end was
scrupulous
to soil,propagation,culture,insects, and varieties. We
somewhat
of a like kind.
Cardinal Wolsey who here, as at Hampton
tory
those pages, but will select this introducCourt, lived most sumptuously,entertained Henry VIII. and his will not extract from
note.
Queen, Catherine of Arragon, for a whole month, with all the pageantry
"
which he k-uew so well how to display. Wolsey fell,
and
The red and white Roses,the badgesof the houses of York and
Moor Park
"

November

2, 1871. ]

OF

JOUENAL

HOETIOULTUBE

AND

COTTAGE

343

GARDENEB.

earthing of Celerywhen dry. Take advantage of the first dry

weather
for lifting
Beetroot, Carrots,and Parsnips. Let them
the
be taken up in the earlypart of the day, and spread on
surface of the ground till afternoon,when
moved
they may be rethe
till
and
there
out
to
they
spread
again
storingroom,
are
quite dry, after which they may be stored in dry sand.
the decaying leaves from Broccoli, Brussels Sprouts,
Eemove
and all other growing crops, carryingthem at once
to a pieceof
into the soil,
be trenched
sprinkling
ground where they can
with
first
snails
and
them
quicklime to destroythe
slugswith
"
for its Eoses, as it is now
then famed
The Temple Garden was
which they swarm
at present, as well as to hasten decomposition.
for its Chrysanthemums. The old Sycamore tree,which died in 1847,
Constant
time to preserve
attention will be necessary for some
supposedhy some to have been plantedby Sir Matthew Hale in 1659,
of Lettuces from
slugs. Continue to keep every
to the reign of Henry VIII., stands on the site plantations
and by others previous
But by whomsoever
part of the garden as neat and orderlyas the time of the year
of the old Thames
wall,on which it originally
grew.
planted,it was growingwhere it now stands in the reign of will allow.

in the Temple Garden,

said to have had their origin
of an animated conversation,approachingto a brawl,
in the course
between
the
Earls of Somerset, Suffolk,
which took placeon this spot
lawyer.
and Warwick ; Bichard Plantagenet,Vernon, and another
Plautagenet plucksa white Kose, and Somerset a red one, and War:
wioh thus prophesies
This brawl to-day,
to this faction,in the Temple Garden,
Grown
Shall send, between the red Rose and the white,
A thousand
souls to death and deadly night.'
"First
Part of Henry VI.,Act ii.So. 4.

Lancaster,are

"

'

James

II.,and under

its shade

Dr.

Johnson

and

Oliver Goldsmith

sat."
frequently

FEUIT

that the

OAKDEN.

work is fairly
at an end, it is time to
inordinate pressure in spring,for any arrears
and winter work will prove a great hindrance at that
of autumn
busy period. Having in previousnotices referred to planting
and trenching,I will make
remarks
on
a few practical
pruning.
in regard to the
The habits of fruit trees vary, more
especially

Now

summer

provide againstan
COLOUR

IN

ODOUR

AND

WITH

CONNECTION
FERTILISERS.

THEIR

AND

FLOWERS

FilEDEEico Delpino, in his notes to a discourse of

Pboprssob
Fertilisation by Insects," translated in the
Dr. E. Miiller's on
American
Naturalist, says : The relations of colours and odours
to many
flowers and their fertilisers may
between
which occur
chimerical
a
product of the imagination. But after a
appear
pected
unexlong series of observations I can assert that, however
be, they are yet undeniable
and surprisingthey may
jesthetic
that
the
sense
and real. It is believed
by many
"

of forming and exhibitingtheir buds; thus, there is no

in distinguishingthe fruit-bearing
portions of the
difiiculty
Apple, or of bush fruit in general,whilst in the Apricot and
Even
obscure.
the Filbert at this period they are somewhat
in Pears,more
such as the Passe Colmar, the Seckle,
especially
the Marie
others,it is difiicult to prune
Louise, and some
with safety in the early part of winter.
For these reasons,
is
erroneous.
the
human
more
to
race.
Nothing
belongs only
find time.
therefore,prune bush fruit the moment
you can
much
it has been perfected
The sense
of music alone,however
wards
Follow
closelywith the Cherries,Plums, and Apples, and toin birds through sexual selection,is beyond comparison more
the
ruary,
Christmas
lay by the knife until
earlypart of FebIn the sense
of taste and smell man
ia,by a
perfectin man.
when
the Filberts will be blossoming; then, after a
singularcoincidence,like bees and butterflies. Sweet things slightthinning of the crowded and inside spray, male catkins
please our young not less than bees, and the ancient poets may be brought,if requisite,
and suspended among
the branches.
the food of the gods
nectar
word
designatedwith the same
The Apricotswill by that time giveunequivocalsignsby which
and the honey of bees.
By a no less singular coincidence the to know the true blossom-buds
immediately
; these,then, may
odours
which
allure bees and butterflies allure us
too, and
receive their pruning. The Peach and Nectarine will succeed
those which
repel us repel bees. The graveolent flower of the Apricot,and may be followed by the Pear, and, lastly,
by
disagreeableto us, although visited the Fig. In pruning bush fruit,
Eue, which is so exeegsively
thin liberally.Let no
two
it
bees
and
although
produces
honey.
Lepidoptera,
by flies,
repels
branches
Currant
and
in the Black
Gooseberry touch when
As to the assthetio sense
of colours and form, then, if we speak
finallythinned ; they seldom requireshortening,but an equal
the plaintruth,man
ia inferior to many
livingthings.
here.
In pruning Apples
and judiciousthinning is everything
Passing in review the most beautiful forms, and those adorned
the thinning of the branches or old wood should be the firststep,
have
side
on
one
with the most
attractive colours, we
flowers, but caution must be exercised. Mr. Knight, of Downton
Castle,
and on the other their fertilisers that is,birds,flies,
birds,
hummingto cutting out large limbs unless a severe
was
greatly averse
Neetarinffi,
Lepidoptera,Bombylii, Syrphidse,and some
necessityexisted. His authorityis too great to be passedover
Cetoniffi. The moat
and brilliant tints in the
beautiful forms
especiallyas he lived most of his time in a cider
easily,more
world are without questionthose of the humming-birds.
They district. In thinning the
remember
of espaliers,
young wood
earth
visit the most splendidand beautiful flowers on the
; and
of leadingshoots
that the first point is to secure
a continuance
do
the
the
flowers
of
the reason
zone
tropical
why
magnificent
mission
a free adto form a compact tree, and- the second to secure
not enter our
climate,is certainlycorrelative to the causes
remarksof light to all parts of the tree. The same
which exclude from temperate and cold countries the hummingbirds
will apply to the pruning of all the rough esnalier or dwarf
and gorgeous
Lepidoptera which are peculiarto warm
standards of the kitchen garden,be they of what kind they may.
regions. Bat not all flowers are beautiful ; there are some
be planted and pruned. Prepare ground
Easpberriesmay now
flowers
Nor
do
all
have
livid
colours.
which
and repulaive
for new
Cuttings of
plantationsof Currants and Gooseberries.
emit a pleasant odour, since some
have a fetid smell,or one
and planted
be made
favourite sorts of Gooseberries
may now
like that of decaying animal matter.
with leaf mould
and sand ; the latter will aid
in beds manured
manner

"

"

"

"

All

the

which

have

of Arum

this

Dra-

e g.,
flowers
(those,
their rooting,and the former will hasten their growth.
American
of
of some
Aristolochiffi,
cunculus,of the Stapeliffi,
FLOWEE
OAKDEN.
the Eafflesias,
Saprise,Brugmansife, Sapranthus, "a.),have
numbered
forthwith if not
The Dahlias
be marked
or
must
without exception livid colours, and, like the skins of some
The beds should now
be looked carefully
over,
alreadydone.
serpents, are speckled with dark purple and yellowish black
to see if there be any plantsof choice character which cannot
all these flowers are fertilised exclusively
by the be suffered to become frosted
spots. Now
be taken up, potted,
; such may
flieswhich feed upon
dead animals (Sarcophaga
carnaria, Masca
Delicate seedlingsshould Laveand removed
to the frames.
vomitoria, and the like).The flowers of the Ceropegiae,
one
protectionprovided,and the choice and tender Boses may in
clusively
Aristolochia,
Asarum, and AmbrosiniaBassii are fecundated exthe course
of a week or two have a coatingof cinders and ashes
by gnats (Phora,
Ceratopogon,Ceoydomia, Oacinis,"c.). a couple of inches thick,among
Let all bulbtheir stems.
All these have a generallylivid tint,speckled or stripedwith
planting be completed immediately. Evergreen and shrubdark purplishspots,and a putridodour, for the most part like
with
be performed
plantingmay now
every prospectof success.
that of urine.
that the weather has become
be lost,
Not a day should
now
These few instances suffice to give an idea of the wonderful
in making up Pink beds; so much
improvement
more
settled,
relations which occur
between flowers and their fertilising
agents has taken place of late years amongst these flowers that
with reference to colours and odours.
and
(EnglishMechanic
amateurs, unless they have added to their collections regularly,
World ofScience.)
Dahlias
will find themselves
apparentlya centurybehindhand.
still blooming in many
places,but rather miserably ; as
are
THE
FOR
WEEK.
blackened with frost take them up, for they
WORK
as the tops are
soon
off about a foot long,
are
apt to start at the crown, cut them
GAKDEN.
KITCHEN
that the sap which exudes
in such a manner
In this department proceed with such operationsas draining and place them
the
hollow
into
should
run
stems ;
it do so, decay will
may not
where
edgings, gravellingwalks, and
required,laying Box
Small pieces of zinc or leadl
all spare ground. Stir the soil probably be the consequence.
trenching and surface-stirring
plants under hand-glasses. Attend to the attached to copper wire are best to mark them with, or the ziue
amongst Cauliflower
"

JOURNAL

su

HORTICULTURE

OF

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

[ November

2, 1871.

but at a good distance from

the young
correapondingwith the name
rows,
may be stamped with a nnmber
plants. The
in the book.
Plant ofisets of Tulips,arrange the best bed definitely
small quantity of salt under these circumstances
did good as a
and if the weather was
at all dry, it and
the lime
previous to plantingwhen the soil is suf"oientlydry, manure,
the sooner
the better.
Take
togetherprevented a snail passing. Next to pickingup snails
every opportunity of removing
the flower garden any remaining plants which it is defrom
sirable
them
much
and slugsnothing annoys
as
so
frequent surfaceto keep for next season.
lesa of slugsand snails
saw
Half-hardy plantsand shrubs
stirring. On the whole, we never
will likewise requiresome
even
than during this past season
that did
protectionon frostynights. Among
caterpillars,
; and
the best protectorsfor this purpose are conical and pyramidal great damage around
as
ua, troubled us but little. As soon
baskets made
Osiers ; they admit
air, possiblewe shall prick-outa lot of small Cabbage plantsin a
roughly with common
but in

frost should be thatched very slightly

either with
the light spray from Yew or Spruce Fir.
In this form they are
not unsightly,and are
cheaply made.
cleared proceed to fillthem in one
As the beds are
other of
or
the methods
noticed in former
calendars.
If planted in the
mixed
style keep the shrubs in the centre of the beds, and the
bulbs and low herbaceous
plantsto the sides and edges,where
attractive.
The
they will easilycatch the eye, and prove more
severe

Fern, dry leaves,or

thus treated they make

far better plants in every
spring than when left in the seed bed all the

bed,as when
way in
winter.

the

Gauliflou-ers. Veitch's Late Cauliflower promises to be a

upright than spreading.
very fine late kind, with leaves more
We
shall have a quantityof rough hay and clean litter to put
the
heads
froat
should come
denly,
sudlatest
in
on
over
case
sharp
to
but we
hardly expect it justyet. This varietyseems
If we
had a placewhich
be quite as hardy as the Walcheren.
"

that they may not be

bulbs, "(!.,should be correctlylabelled,
disturbed in subsequent cleaning. To carry out this plan efiec- we could keep free from vermin
and now
with glass,we
cover
the
of plantsof this and other kinds with
would take up a number
4ivelya reserve
garden is indispensable,so as to remove
to
it
in
the
and
plants
spring,aa well as for propagating
paring small heads at present,as when taken up with balls the heads
prethem for winter.
treated
cut.
swell well,and be quite fresh when
Thus
would
have had nice Cauliflower throughout the winter, the plants
we
GREENHOUSE
AND
CONSEKVATOET.
Cauliflower heads
being carefullyprotectedfrom frost. When
The conservatory should be made
as attractive as possible,
as
are
nearly at their best at the end of October,we have kept
'it will now
become
in some
respects the only place where
them
a
long time by cutting them off close to the ground,
floweringplantscan be inspectedwith comfort in unfavourable
removing the whole of the leaves,except two or three of the
weather.
Let the work of watering and changing the plantsbe
the head, and then packing the stems
in rather
small
ones
over
done
early in the day, that the effects of the watering and
syringing may be removed, and an agreeabledryness pervade damp earth or sand, with dry sand on the surface, in an airy
there was
little light,and from which
frost could
shed where
the house, before it is visited by the family. No pains must
When
such heads are
placed for an hour in cold
likewise be spared to keep the house gay by introducingplants be excluded.
quitefirm and crisp. We have taken
in succession
as
into bloom, includinga portion of clean water they become
they come
and suspended the plants in sheds, planted them thickly
the stove plants which have been grown expresslyfor this purpose. up
the
sheds
and
in
in
A littlegentle forcingwill bring the difierent varieties
open air,so that they could be easily
open
covered when frost came
great drawback
; but of late years our
of Epiphyllum truncatnm
in bloom, and with the addition of
Chrysanthemums, late Fuchsias,Pelargoniums, Panoratiams, has been keeping them from being spoiled by four-footed
We
have had scores
of fine heads of Broccoli and
enemies.
Amaryllis,Mignonette,NeapolitanViolets,"c., a tolerablygay
chief,
Cauliflower thus cared for destroyed apparentlyonly for misbe maintained
until the time when
forced
appearance
may
the
left and cut-off partswould
close
on
examination,
as,
plantswill be more
generallyavailable. Fires will be necessary,
not
so
much
for keeping up the temperature, unless during suit so well as to show that hardly anything had been eaten.
Young Cauliflower {ilantsplaced under hand-lightshave not
frost, as for the purpose of promoting a medium
state of dryaa
yet been touched, partlyowing to the surfacingof rough
in the internal air,so as to render the house enjoyable in
Q9SS
road drift sand, from which the finer particles had been excluded.
all weathers.
Some
of the most
coration
useful plants for house deto get over
such
It is very difiioult for a mollusc
during winter and spring when
subjectedto gentle
material.
forcingare the different kinds of Rhododendrons, Azaleas,KalLettuces and Endive plantedon banks for springsupply have
mias, "e., usuallytermed American plants. As these have now
perfectedtheir buds,plants well furnished with buds can easily also had the surface of the soil between them gentlybroken,
especially
be selected for the purpose.
necessary as the surface had been
Without
naming each particular and this was more
at plantingtime, so that the small plantsshould
kind suitable,it may
be remarked
that many
of the hybrid beaten smooth
We
have
not
noticed one
secure.
be
more
plant that has
scarlet Rhododendrons, which
owing to their earlineas rarely
The rough surface will also keep off frost better
bloom
in perfection
out of doors,are the best for earlyforcing, given way.
This simple fact finds its way
which
is smooth.
coming into bloom with but littletrouble. After selectingthe than one
readers.
One
of our
of the things that
slowlyamong
many
plants from the nursery have them potted in peat,in as small
round pit
convinced
us
noticingthat one
many
years ago was
pots as the roots can be placed; they may then be watered and
which
had
to
frosted when
we
cover
was
Potatoes
of
helped
sat in a pit or empty vinery to be brought forward as required,
winter,and another had the Potatoes
beginning with them very gentlyin a moist heat, and increasing opened after a severe
Both pitabelonged
sound, and this,too, we helped to cover.
the heat as they advance towards blooming. W. Keane.
The
men.
to mechanics, and for the time very intelligent
Potatoes in each case were
placed on a level surface, so as to
DOINGS
OF
THE
LAST
WEEK.
inchea
covered
with
A
18
and
straw.
of
were
form a
"

space

cone,

KITCHEN

GARDEN.

"

"

have several times

run

cordon

of lime

out round the heap, and beyond that a trench

dug all round, affordingthe earth to cover the heap, the
In
soil being all over, except at the base,fully15 inches thick.
one
pit,as we put on each layerof soil we trod it rather firmly
when
to
the
and
finished
beat
the
we
it
from
straw
outside,
ing
shinfirmlyall over, so that the outside presented a smooth
said. The
surface,to throw the rain off,as its owner
covered
in the same
second pit waa
way, but,except for the
firat layer or two, there was
no
treading,and when finished
there was
no
pattingof the outside. The rough exterior and
was

Cahhages. Aa the heavy rains had beaten the ground we ran

the pointsof a four-pronged fork between
the rows, so as to
leave the surface rough and open, choosing a dry day for the
hoe
the
A
fork
Dutch
is
best
or
a
tool for this work,
purpose.
there is then no
aa
it.
trampling on the ground after stirring
After a damp night we
scattered a lightdusting of wood ashea,
the plants just enough to prevent the
lime, and soot over
snails and slugs from feeding on
them, and not enough to
impede the action of the leaves. The plants,though smaller
ihan usual at this season,
so
to be safe from
as
frost,are
healthy and growing well. Some grass mice nibbled a few, but
eeveral we
caught, and round the quarter we beat a narrow
space level and firm with the back of a spade,poured a cordon
of tar over
it,and that neither mice nor rats care to touch,
so
long as the tar remains moist enough to taint their fur.
the care
in preparing the ground, we
lost a
Notwithstanding
few plants from grubs at the roots ; and once
there they can
ba destroyedin no other way than by examining the roots and
catching and killing. We have, however, been troubled with
When
slugsthreatened to do damage we
very few this season.
and

salt between the

then marked

waa

We
have often
the leaa solid soil arrested free radiation.
noticed since that in general,as respects a raised mound, a
moisture than a rough more
smooth
surface abaorba mere
open
We say in general,because in a regulardownpour of rain
one.
the advantage, but it will be
the smooth
surface will have
our
different during the drizzlingrains that usually mark
the outside of the
A few inches of rough litter on
winters.

pit would have kept all safe. Pea and bean haulm, or a
for this purpose
tree leaves,are
very useful to cottagers
must keep their Potatoes out of doors.
the garden have kept
have
What
left
from
few we
Potatoes.
learn,those that followed the
very well,and, so far as we can

first
few
who

"

346

JOURNAIi

OF

HORTICULTUKB

AND

COTTAGE

[ November

GARDENER.

2, 1871.

Vines
Keeping
Geapes
(F. K)." See pape
826
on
To keep Grapes
late on Vines, the honse must
be dry and
from
frost.
If cat and
eecnre
kept with the ends of the shoots in roots, or bottles of water, with the
hole of the bottle stuffed up, they must
be kept in a dry cool place,but
free from frost.

'

need from 20 to 40 more

feet of piping. A doorway from one house to
another would
be a gi-eatconvenieRce
and advantage, as you might often
move
plants from one place to the other without taking them out of doors.
Tbe
border will be all ripht if there is a drain
what may
to take awav
collect beneath
the rough rubble.
The turf etacked-up will do, so wiU
the turning, if you keep it dry, and so will the mode
t
he
Soil for
of
border,
Vines
filling
(A SH"scr?6cr)."The soil being full of wireworms
we
but filling
half the border at firstwould
be best. The woollen
would
have it sifted through a fine-meshed
rags used
sieve, the rough remaining in
should be chopped small, other rags and paper we
would
the sieve burnt, and then remixed
care
nothing
with that which had passed through
about.
When
thoroughly decomposed they are of littlevalue, and before
the sieve. Salt added
to the soil will not kill the wireworms.
and
they are decomposed, like rank manure
harm
carrion,tbey do more
RooT-PEUNiNG
The tap-rootof the Pear tree should be cut
(J.M. S".)."
than good. A littlefowls' manure
with feathers
may be used, but it is so
through.
strong that it is safest used moderately as a surface-dressing. As to pro"
Cyclamen
Treatment
{L.B.).~You do not say what kind it is. Place
portions, to ten parts of your
good pasture loam add t^vo of old lime
them in pots twice the diameter of the corms,
of charred
rubbish or plaster,one
draining the pots well, and
wood, one of horse droppings eweet
nsing a compost of two parts turfy loam, one part leaf soil, and one part and dried,three hundredweight of broken bones that have been boiled,
peat, with a free admixture of sharp eand and charcoal. Pot bo that the
and one hundredweight of horn
if you can
sbavinss
obtain them, with a
be just covered with soil. Place the pots in tbe sunniest
corms
may
moderate
quantity, say one hundreJweight, of chopped rags, as you seem
window
than to keep the soil moist, but
you have, and do not water
These
be mixed
more
to have tbem.
and turned
before
over
may
using them,
when the leaves appear
water
more
not
If you
but must
be sodden.
wanted
in the new
freely.
the Vines
house
chieflyto be late kinds, we would recommend
Cyanophyllum
Trebbiano, Lady Downe's,
magnificcm
in Winteh
(C. M.)." Give it as littlewater
and
Kempsey's Alicante.
as it is possibleto do without
If,however, you wish the house to alternate
allowing the leaves to flagor become
limp,
with the other,theu we
would
choose similar sorts, ns Hambur^bs, Muscats,
and maintain
a
moderate
amount
of moisture.
It only loses tbe old
treat the Vines as you
"c.
You may
leaves in winter.
A temperature of from
say. using each vineiy as a
55" to 60''at night, and 65" to
greenhouse every alternate year in winter, giving the other a complete
75'^by day, is sufficient,
affordingmoderate ventilation.
rest ; but in no
vinery will any injury result from keeping plants in it
Cucumber
and
Melon
Late
for
Early
and
Forcing
{Idem). For
after the Grapes are cut, if the temperature from artificialheat be not
early or late winter or summer
we
have found Cox's Volunteer
crops
cumber above 45". For the
CuSweetwater, the Golden
Champion we should think
excellent, also Telegraph, and Masters's
Prolific. If you want
would do, but a Sweetwater
ripened well is still a fine Grape. 2I-oz.,or
two, have the first and last,or if one, the first,
but all are excellent.
A
fourths, will answer,
but thirds will be better. If you bed on putty, you.
for an
good Melon
early crop is Malvern
Hall, and for a general crop
must also place putty above tbe glass. Beard's system requires no putty,
Cos's Golden
and
Gem
Heckfield Hybrid. This season, however, we cultivatedand
grooves do not require it. These have been described.
the best.
was
many
varieties,and Beechwood
Wintering
Geraniums
in
Boxes
in
a Cellar
(S. TT.)-"It is suitable
Labiandra
macrantha
Culture
{An Old Subscriber).~This plant in a
for those which have been
be
When
taken
planted out.
up they should
young state is not free -flowering,
though of very free growth, but when
set for a few days in a sl^ed,then stripped of all the leaves,sparing none,
3 or 4 feet high it produces from the terminal
shoots a profusion of fine
and
afterwards
placed in boxes, covering the roots well with dry sand.
saucer-shaped flowers,of a violet-bluo colour.
It requires to be grown
in
Do not cut the plants down
but leave them entire,minus
the leaves,and
a warm
greenhouse or cool stove, should have a light airy position,and
give no water from the present time up to March.
They may be kept
to be watered
until tbe soil becomes
ought never
dry; then before the
take them
well in the dark dry cellar,if frost be excluded.
In March
cr
eaves
erowin^ shoots flaggive a thorough supply. Pot it in March, and
from
the cellar,
in a frame
or
pot them, and place them
hotbed, giving
give another moderate shift in June, using a compost of two parts loam, no
water, but using moist soil. When
they have made fresh roots and
with one-third of sandy peat, draining well. To
form a well-furnished
are
water
copiously.They will be good for planting out
plant stop the shoots in March, or if needful, cut-in the plant,and again in growing freely,
May.
stop early in July. Liboaia floribunda is not a stove but a greenhouse
Erecting
an
Orchard
House
(Inquirer)."If you had a wall we would
plant.
say have a lean-to,as 60 feet by 16,would be a good house, divided in the
Planting
Fruit Trees
on
Mounds
(A Cottage Qardener)." The height middle so that
the other.
could have one
earlier thm
compartment
you
of the mounds
must
be regulated by the state of the soil. In a
very wet
Where
there is no wall tbe span-roof with
low walls at tbe sides,and a
and
heavy soil,with a subsoil of a similar character,mounds
a yard high
end
to the north, would
be the best.
house
were
gable
If,then,
your
too
are
not
much, whilst if the soil is not wet nor
heavy, planting on the
20 feet wide, you could have a 3-feet bed all round, a pathway 3 feet wide,
surface is sufficient,
covering the roots with soil so as to raise a mound
and a bed of 8 feet in the centre.
of about 12 or 15 inches.
The mound
should fall outwards
three times
Wintering
Plants
in a Frame
(E V.). Mussett's portable hot-water
the length of the height, so if the mound
is 1 foot high it will run
out at
3 feet all round.
apparatus would suit,with a tube to carry off tbe products of combustion,
The
junction of the stock and graft should not be
and
would
so
covered
with soil,but all below it. The roots should be covered
Joyce's, or any other small stove,but not without a pipe
3 inches
little. A pipe
going through tbe roof to carry off the smoke, however
deep. Stable littertwo weeks old will answer
perfectlyfor mulching the
2 inches in diameter
would
do. We
have always considered
that iron
trees. The spiritlamp will not do any harm in a frame if kept
burning stoves should have their fire-box lined with fire-brick.
iron
stove
If an
all night during frostyweather, but may be a means
of safety from frost.
red hot, all plants near
becomes
ever
it will suffer. Hence
we
nearly
Ferns
for
Conseevatoey
Recess
We presume
tbe recess
(Cryjjfo)."
should prefer a brick or cement
If the
it could be used.
stove,when
will have the same
temperature as the conservatory, or be safe from
frame
were
the house, two or three two-gallon bottler filled with hot
near
frost. To have the water
tricklingover the stones
is not desirable
would
do unless
water
in all such
on
the coldest
nights. Tbe difficulty
as
regards culture, but to produce a cool, moist, and pretty effect,
you
modes
of frames
must
lift a glass to get at a
is, that in the case
you
be conveyed in a comtuted
may introduce water; but it must
channel, so
stove.
In a small house with the same
could open a littledoor
glass,
you
that it may not run over
the soil on the ledges and crevices of the rockand go iu and lighteither a fire or lamp.
work.
You may
waterfall
have miniature
streams, or dripping rocks,but
Water
Kats {R. G.)." We know
of no
of destroying them
mode
sale
wholewater should be kept clear of the soil for the plants,for few Ferns
the_
but by poison. Gas tar poured into their holes ejects them, but
thrive with the soil sodden
by constant
stapnant moisture.
The following
them
to
their
causes
residence.
only
change
will suit:
Acrophorus hispidus ; Adiantam
assimile, A. cuneatum,
A. setulosnm
flexuosa ; Asplenium bulbiferum, A.flabellifolium, Preparing
Bones
for
Manure
; Anemia
(Hampshire Highlander)." The least
A. Veitchianum, A. monanthemum,
A. foaniculaceum, A. dimorphum
for you is to have the bones
troublesome
mode
broken into small pieces
;
Blechnum
australe,Cheilanthes
elegans, Davallia canariensis,D. dis- by a hammer, and lay them iu tiers,alternating with caustic potash in a
secta ; Doodia
Dives, Doryopteris palmata, Lastrea glabella,Lomaria
sugar-hogshead. After a while they will be easilycrumbled.
Herminieri, Nephrolepis tuberosa, Niphobolus rupaatris,N. lingua corymAmerican
Blight
Destroying
with
(Gardener.-'DTGas the trees now
bifera,Platycerium aicicorue, Platyloma rotundifolia,Pteris serrulata
paraffinoil,applying it with a brush to every part of the branches and
cristata,P. cretica albo-Iineata ; and of Lycopods, Salaginellas
apoda, shoots, and in summer
from
with water
an
and
syringe
forcibly
engine,
denticulata variegata,formosa, and Wildenovi.
its first re-appearance
with a solution of 2 ozs. of soft soap, to a gallon
on
Amaryllis
Culture
in
a Cool
House
of water.
{Novice)." We presume
by a
cool house you
cool
a
stove.
If so, place them
mean
Mussel
Scale
Apple
Trees
on
a
on
shelf near
(C.)."Your Apple trees are infested
the glass until February, giving no water; then repot, and place them
of which
by the mussel scale,an insect the presence
always indicatesin a hotbed
or
the warmest
want
of vigour and
health in the tree,caused by poverty of the soil or
part of the stove, and water as the growth
advances, giving abundant
The way to remedy this is to cut-in the branches,
supplies of moisture whilst they are making
injury to the roots.
fresh growth, and
when
this is complete keep them
less moist
and
removing all those shoots that are
affected,dress the whole tree with
afford all the light you can
command.
If you
Gishurst
place them in a hotbed
compound, 4 ozs. dissolved in a gallon of water, and applied
remove
them as soon
as
they havQ well started into growth, gradually with a stout rough brush.
Uncover
the roots,and replace the soil laken
from the hotbed
not to cause
in which
so as
withdrawing tbem
out by good loam
well-rotted stable manure
a
check.
has been incorThe
porated,
principleon which you are to decide the character of the soil required
and with such treatment
The pyramidal
your trees will recover.
for plants we
cannot
be pruned judiciously,so as not
trees
explain,but the " Cottage Gardeners' Dictionary"
to induce
you refer to had better
states the soil required for the plants enumerated.
the production of too much
wood, by merely removing those shoots that
"

"

"

great vigour.
Fruits
[J. U.

too

Various
stove and

assume

furnace,provided

Cambridge).

(iJ.G. J.)."There is no objection to your heating the small

vinery with a flue for each, and a separate fireplace and
the flues are sound, and tbe atmospheric moisture you
want is obtained from the floor and from evaporating-basins placed on
the flue,and not from sprinkling the flue iteelf. In tbe stove at
any rate
we
would have 6 feet of the flue next
the furnace brick-on-bed.instead of
brick -on-edge,and strong tiles for covering,or even
bricks for that distance.
The only objection against flues is allowing them to become
foul
from not cleaningthem often enough, as they are then apt to take fire,
or
slightexplosions will occur, which will be apt so to disturb the flue as to
allow of the escape
of dangerous gases into the house.
For small places
there is no cheapermode
of heating than
by a good built flue. For an
early vinery you would
need as substantial a flue,but for a late one
a
flue brick-on-edge
would
do, say 2 feet from the furnnce.
For all small
places hot water would be more
expensive, but it would be safer and more

Names

Ditftim)."Pitmaston
Nonpareil. {A. H. M.,
de Mello, one
It is Baronne
of the finest October
and
Pears.
It is impossible to name
(J.WaWi).
Grapes from so
small portions of a bunch.
The white one
is some
of the
forms
of
Chasselas Musque.
{W. A'.,Angmcring)." Year Grape is Pineau Noir, or
Black
f^. M. ij,)."
No. 1, Beurr6
Burgundy,
d'Aremberg ; 2, t^ecklej
3, Easter Beurre ; 4, Beurre Clairgeau ; 5, Easter Beurrc; 6, Seckle.
{A, S.). 1,Monsiegneur Affre ; 2, Van Mons Leon Leclerc.
of

"

November

"

"

Names

op
Plants
{H. C. ii.)."Viburnum
Opulus, the Gueldres Rose.
in sandy soil,and
a
Propagated by layers or cuttings in the autumn,
two years unmoved.
(S. E. W.).
shady border, where they ought to remain
Salvia Hormiuum,
Native of the south of Europe and
very ornamental.
tbe east, and
especially frequent in Greece, Asia Minor, and Syria.
(W. H. M.)." Either
Lastrea
dilatata (the Broad Fern), or its close ally,
and one
small
cleanly,
boiler costing about 70s. would
heat both houses.
L. Fcenisecii,tbe Hay-scented Fern, probably the laiter.
(Inguircr).
For the stove you would need about 90 feet of piping 4 inches in
SelaginellaKraussiana
{S. hortensis of gardens), and Clitoria Tornatea,
diameter,
and you would
need
for the Grapes, to come
nearly as much
The Honeya common
Park).
in, say,
plant in Southern India. {R. C, Buxtcd
suckle
in August. If you
wanted it much
earlier,say May and June, you would
is Lonicera chinensis.
As
to the Fern, you are quite wrong.
It
"

"

JOUENAL

2, 1871.]

November

OF

HOBTICULTUEB

COTTAGE

AND

347

GARDENER.

with
friends' Dark
birds cannot as yet compare
and in very
Yankee
our
doubt tbe Hay-scented Fern, Lastrea Fcaniaecii,
is without
raria.
in England far largerLight birds a
(Linda)." Cineraria maritima, otherwise Senecio CineWe had even
good chnrncter.
Light ones.
(Tom Brown)." lifeNative
of the shores of the Mediterranean.
be bred again to equal
few years since than now, and theycan
tenerum.
phrodium moUe and Adiantum
and
I

surpass

even

their Dark

rivals.

lay stress on these things,because the ad miiencorcKam

CHRONICLE.
styleof argument always injuresa breed. A good fowl,as the
PIGEON
BEE, AND
POULTRY,
success,
is,if bred good enough, will command
Light Brahma
and the bare idea that petting or artificial "encouragement"
is needed, is likelyto stop all real effort in the rightdirection.
BRAHMAS.
LIGHT
Let our
exhibitingfriends leave off this and " get to work,"
have
I Bhould
from home
absence
But
for a fortnight's
The reference to prizes
their just reward.
and they will earn
the comremarks
plaint
upon
endeavoured earlier to make
a few
not good
do not get given "by supporters" is not just. If birds are
of Mr. James
Long that Light Brahmas
lately
enough to win on equal terms, which Light Brahmas
and judges. It is generallyknown
their due from committees
not been, any extra " support " must of course,
for have certainly
that I have devoted much
study and attention to Brahmas
from privateadmirers; but the little real
friends also know that only and rightly,come
personal
many
years, and my more
rather the real harm, done by such artificialtreatment,
or
"
city" surroundingstie me at presentto the good,
my unfortunate
the " special" prizes
be for the Light, and if I is seen by the small results producedby
Dark variety. My preferencewould
thus given at Southampton and other places. They bring
I hope to keep them.
have the pleasureof a country run
ever
but they do not bring pens to surpass, rarely
Nevertheless,I cannot agree with Mr. Long s complaint ; he largerentries,
in fair and honest
Perseverance
and the failure indeed to equal the Darks.
puts the saddle on the wrong horse altogether,
competitioncan alone do this. I may here mention that by
of
partiality
to win prizesand cups is not owing to any undue
of the Committee, the Lights will at
the liberality
of a member
the judgesfor Dark birds,but because birds have not been
Bristol have four cups
(one to every class),againstonly two
shown good enough to win.
There
the
Darks.
for
surelyis a fair chance for our friends,
have lately
The simple fact is that Light Brahmas
very much
I for one shall trulyrejoice
let us see what the result will be.
"deteriorated. I fear my plain statement will draw a hornet's
fairlyto the front in size and quality,
fowl long if my real favourites come
but I have studied the Brahma
neat about
"

my

ears,

littlefor.

number
of entries
but mere
care
closely,and make it advisedly. They have fallen ofi in
I would give some
practicalhelp where possible,and hence
shape, and size. So far from judgesbeing
colour,leg-feather,
in Light birds.
of leg-feather
the general want
againstthem, I have heard the admittedlybest judge we have, I remark on
Their breeders have not used equal judgment with the Dark
with me, but independently,express his
not in conversation
which is very
shown ; fanciers in employing vulture hocks to restore it,
were
regret that such " miserable " Light Brahmas
various kinds of
result. There
are
and on one
occasion both he and his colleagueobserved
that easilydone with little bad
hock with very heavy
There may be a moderate
hocked cocks.
the hens were
regularly" duck-shaped." Looking at the class,
The
feather.
hocks with only moderate
and
I saw at once
how singularly
appropriatethe criticism was, the leg-feather, heavy
used
latter class of bird has been often
by Light breeders,but
"Aylesbury" type of body being most conspicuous,and the
but
there
be
But
is useless.
further,
heavy leg-feather, it
may
shape completelygone.
exquisiteneatness of the true Brahma
and hence not " tell" as it ought
springperpendicularly,
do not deny, and during may
That there are exceptionsI of course
to do.
Such a bird also will work littleimprovement in a badlyhave been shown
several cocks especially
the last twelve months
feathered strain. But select a few fine,long-backed,
barelyof the true shape and colour,but mostly small in size. I may
with a cock very short and
mention
the two winning Birmingham cockerels of last year for feathered hens, and mate them
and
with a
broad in the back, very high and broad in saddle,
for the purpose
also good in leg-feather,
instance,which were
under
which
vulture hock, but with leg-feather
"ofrebuttingMr. Long's imputationthat the jadges
by size good strong
and

go

Cut his hocks

stands well out in a horizontal direction.

neatly
sidered
chiefly. It is rather singular,if his remarks are to be conround with a pair of shears (notpluckingthem, as the feathers
breeders generally,that
shared by Light Brahma
as
and you will have at least three-fourths
while both these awards
were
evidentlymade in favour of would soon grow again),
feathered birds,with just the hocks a good judge
beautifully
colour and proportion as compared with mere
I never
'size,
"
Cut off the hooks
I say
advisedly,having
heard
by those disappointed on the wishes to see.
complaint made
any
marked difference to the progeny ; but I mean,
so small !
Farther still,found it make a
ground that the winning birds were
is instantly
a out hock
for
of
Indeed,
breeding
solely.
course,
when
at Plymouth I gave the cup (openthere)to the Light
detected by the most inexperiencedjudge, but I do not wish
"birdsin preferenceto the Dark, showing that Light can win
to the object of the proceeding.
as
Mr. James Long, both verballyand in this Journal, to be misunderstood
sometimes.
L. Weight.
that the Darks (avery
the first to complain,statingto me
was
largebut badly-shaped pen) ought to have won, and in these
EXHIBITION
GRIEVANCES.
columns
that the
bird was
far inferior to another,larger
"

"

cup
indeed in size,but much
I SEE
in the Journal of the 26th nit. a short notice of the
worse, both in true Brahma
shape
and colour.
schedule
of the Bristol Poultry and Pigeon Show, and the
It is not, then, that the judges have discouraged
As usual the prizes are
the Light words,
very liberal ;" but it seems
"
but
that
the
Brahmas
have
the extreme
that
have
liberality
Brahmas,
Light
quite passed unnoticed
discouraged the
you
3udges. Let them be shown correct in shape,good in colour, (onthe part of those who intend to pay them) of the entrance
and well feathered,
it not large,and they will win.
even
fees. I had intended
Not
sending a pen or two, but as I find that
of paying
weeks
in one
I must firstsubscribe "1 to entitle me to the privilege
of the
seeing it remarked
many
ago I remember
reports that theyhad beaten the Darks in fair fight. Bat they 6s. per pen in addition
i.e.,"1 6s. for one pen, or "1 12s. for
the
also
that
be
bred
and
whatever
I
make
Mr. Long say as
can
petition
comcan
large,
fancy
two, and so on, I beg to decline ; and
he does,that to increase the size " cannot be done," I am at a
for the liberal prizeswill be confined to those who can
loss to conceive.
will be
Let Light breeders select their stock better, enter twelve or thirteen pens, when the "1 subscription
and keep their chickens at home
to grow instead of sending sufficiently
distributed to bring the priceof each entry down to
them to the earlyshows, and they will soon
has latelybeen
There
7s. Gd., I think.
improve. I do not the old amount"
know
why it is,but while the best Dark Brahmas
are
usually something said of the abilityof large dealers and breeders to
to encourage
back
till
the
is
calculated
matured,
feept
Lights seem
mostly to be early monopolise the prizes; if anything
is one
shown, and this I am
sure
of the deterioration,
cause
it it is such a rate of entry as this,where the exhibitors of two
though want of knowledge in breeding and rearingdoes more.
three pens are utterlydiscouraged,and yet they are the real
or
At all events, if there is any diffeirenoe in the two breeds,I
supportersof our shows.
should say that decidedlythe Light breed can be bred the larger.
at the presenttime another growing mistake,
I may mention
To my certain knowledge, there are several cocks now
of poultryshows
in the
as I think, in the conduct
viz.,the Secretary
birds for exhibition and competition,the
United States nearly17 lbs. in weight ; and one latelydead made
his
own
entering
a footprint
6J inches long. In hens 10 lbs. is a common
weight latter being the objectionablepart. At a show to which I have
In fact the best Light for several years sent some
there,and 12 lbs. not so very rare.
pens, I was last year beaten by the
Brahmas now to be had must be sought in America, where they Secretary,
who carried off cup and second prizes,whilst my
better in qualitythan here ; and there,if I
I do not
are both largerand
birds came
next with a very high commendation.
dence
sought a strain for myself,would I select my stock. It might question the fairness of the award, as I have sufficient confibe thought that the American
climate is the cause
in the Judge, but in enteringI had not counted on the
of the difference,
but if so the Darks also would be superior,
do I
as a competitor.This year I entered none, nor
whereas
Secretary
"

"

"

"

JOURNAL

348

OF

HORTICULTUEE

COTTAGE

AND

2. 1371.

[ November

GARDENER.

but we also hear

that the fact of of"cials, The Show was not onlywell supported by visitors,
is patronagehas considerablyincreased.
must
the judging,being also exhibitors,
Needham
Cochins."
1.
Market.
Lingwooii,
J.
Henry
Sntton, Isle
Taylor,
had
2,
remember
after
confidence.
I
menced
comseeing
judging
destroy
Chickens.
of Ely.
Park.
Cup, Lady Gwydyr,
Stoke
1, 'Z, and
Ipswich,
ling
from his travelexhibitor's bird taken by his owner
an
J. K. Fowler, Aylesi)/ic.
bury,
Henry LinEwoorl. hc'SV. Gr. Ranson, Stowmarket;
Wolverhampton.
c, G. Lamb,
and
basket, where he had been overlooked by the officials,
Po^TRk."Dark."
Chickens."
\ and 1. Ladv
Brahma
he. .7. Hill,
Gwydvr,
tary
LiriUt "\, Withheld.
Brentwood
2, H. Dowsett,
penned,and immediately awarded first prize. Had the Secre; J. K. Fowler.
; W. G. Ransom
Chickens."
\, M. Leno, Markyate Street. 2,H. Dowaett.
Pleshey, Chelmsford.
have been
what
would
exhibitor in that class,
been an
Hall, Leicester,
he, Dr. Campbell,
vhc. Mrs. A. Williamson, Queeoiborough
said,or at least thought ? I certainlythink that a Secretary Brentwood
(2);W. T. Storer.
Dorkings.
Markf"t.
2, Henry LinETwoodl, J. Frosf., Parham, Wickham
or
allow his son
onght to abstain from exhibiting,nor even
1 and
2. G. H. Greenhill, Aahford, Kent.
Chickens
Cup, Henry Lingwood.
particular
show; and I vhc,J. O. Fison; O. E. Cresswell.
daughter to enter his birds for his own
lic,F.Parlett, Great Baddow; J. Drake^
On [jar.
E. S. T.
of exhibitors will agree with me.
think the majority

intend doing so again,as it is evident

who

present at

are

"

"

"

I and
Stowmarket.
2, S. Matthew,
vhc, H. E. Martin,
Ga.:^^." Cockerel.
//c,W. Kitson, Ipswich; W. Rayner. Ipswich,
c, W.
Sculthorpe, Fakenham.
Hen or Pullet." 1,Cup, and vhc, S. MatthewH. L. Clare, Twycross, Atherstone.
E.
Martin.
he. H.
2,W. Ravner.
J. F. Sillietoe. 2, Rev. T. P. Flatten. Bildeston. Suffolk.
Spanish."
C/i/c;.TH.s'."l.
1 and he, W.
Golden and Silver-peneilled.
K. Tickner. Ipswich.
Hambdeghs.
Golden and Silverspan(}led."1 and Cup, T. Blakeman,
2, A. Cole, Lonpr Sutton.
vhc. C. Plimley, Wbit2, J. B. Bly, Lowestoft,
Tettenhall, Wolverhampton.
Beames, Wolverhampton,
he,W. K. Tickner ; Rev. F. Tearle ; T. Dean,
more,
KeiRhley.
Bantams."
Game"
1, Cup, and 2. Miss E. H. Jeffriea. lie,H. L. Cocksedge.
Mrs.
c, TDrinkstone
Pa^r^t,Hoxne, Socle,
House, Bury St. Edmunds
; Hon.
An]/ other Varicti/.-'l.M. Leno
Earker; W. Adams, St. Clements, Ipswich.
he. Rev. F. Tearle
Sutton,
(White and
(Sebrights). 2, S. S. Mossop. Long
(White).
Black); T. J. Miller, jun. (White booted); .T. Bloodworth, Cheltenham
SellinriClass." 1, Cup, and 2, Miss E. H. Jeffries (Black Red), /w, T. Barker,
(Black), c, Rev. T. C. Hose
(DuckHiU-Ena, Bum'ey
(Game); J. Bloodworth
wing).
1 and
La Fleciie.
CRE^'E CcEURS, HouDANS,
AND
2. W.
Cup, J. K. Fowle*".
Tippler (Houdans). v/iC.J. -T. Mildf n, BictJleswade (Creve-Coeurs) ; W. Dring,
Faversham
(Creve Cceur). he. W. Burrows
(La Fleche) ; C. H. Smith, Radcliffe(Creve-Cosurs). c, W. Burrows, Diss (Houdans).
on-Trent
Any
othrr
Variety.1, H. Pickles, Jan., Earby (Polands). c. Rev. N. J.
Ridley, Newbury
(Malay), vhc, W- Cutlaek, jun.,Littleport (Black Hamburghs) :.
wich
(Geese); W- Kensey, Gosbeck, IpsJ. Berners, Wo'olverstonePark, Ipswich
(Turkeys).
and
Aulesbury.-I, J. K. Fowler.
2. Lady Gwydyr. vhc, H.
Rouen
DvcKS."
Greenc. G. W.
B. Smith.
Bronghton. Preston; T. F. Upsher; J. K. Fowler,
J. Drake.
Any other Variett/.-l, S. " R. Ashton.Mottram,
hill.Ashford, Kent:
2 and
vhc, M. Leno (Whiatling and Carolina), he, H. B. Smith.
Selling
Class."
1, W. Rayner, Ipswich (Brown Game). 2, H. Payne, Stiwmarket
i^hc, J. J. Mald"n, Biggleswade (Creve-Coeurs) ; W^
(Buff CocJiins).
Master
W. M. Shaw. Rougham
Rec'.ory :
Kitson, Ipswich (Black Red Game);
(Black
T. Woollard;
W.
Ravner.
Ipswich
G.ime); Miss E. J. N. Hawker
(Cochins): F. Parlett (Colour'^d Dorking) ,(Silkies), he, A. Co'e.'Long Sutton
Norwich
F.
Dixon.
Rev.
W.
Oby
Rectory,
c.
J. Dutton, Ipswich (Buff Cochin),
(White
(Dorkings): Rev. F. Tearle, Gazeley Vicarage,
Cochin); H. Dowsett
1. Dr.
Cock. Cockerel, or Drake."
Newmarket
(Silver-spaneled Hamburghs).
he. J. JW.
M. Shaw
(Aylesbury),
2. Master
Campbell
(Light Brahma).
Malden, Biggleswnde (Creve-Cceur) ; A. Cole (Cochin); T. F. Upsher, Sutton,
W.
Ravner
H.
Dowsett
(Dorking),
c, W.
Red);
Elv (Rouen
(Brown
Drake) ;
W. Speakman, Doddingtoc
W. Tippler (Houdan);
K. "Tickner (Hamburgh);
"

POULTRY

PIGEON

AND

CLUB.

"

"

The

poultry and Pigeon shows which are now

annuallyheld,with the proposed new
ones, the large amount
of capitalinvested in birds,and the valuable prizesoffered for
such
extended
interest in poultry
have
created
an
competition,
to have
seems
that the time now
amongst all classes of society,
Such
arrived for the formation
of a poultryand Pigeon club.
needed.
ing
to me
to be very much
a society
seems
1st,For startshows
in fresh places,
and co-operatingand advising
new
ing
with existingcommittees.
2nd, To amalgamate many existsmall local shows
into one
large influential show, and to
than one
arrange the dates of others,so as to prevent more
the case, often to the
being held on the same
day as is now
ruin of one, or possiblyboth.
3rd, To expose all shows started
and irresponsible
4th, It would be able
by unknown
persons.
number

of

to discuss and state the standard of excellence of many varieties

in which
and left for the decision of the
it is now
undecided
also to criticise the judges'awards.
judges,
Such an institution as the one
proposed would be for the
As it is certain that
protectionof exhibitors and breeders.
of exhibitors and
next month
there will be a great number
fanciers in London
the
Palace
Show, it would
Crystal
attending
sidering
excellent time to hold a meeting for the purpose of conthe subject,and for gettingat the opinions of those
of such a
who are likelyto be interested in the formation
to
of our ardent fanciers be induced
society. Could not some

be

an

take the initiative?

IPSWICH

J.

"

POULTRY

AND

held on the 26th

meeting,
The general
excellence

This

SHOW.

PIGEON

and 27th of October,was

marked

"

Nantwich
(Hamburgh).
PIGEONS.
vhe, W. Lumb, Brotherod
Carriers
"Youn(i.~-l and 2,A. W. Wren, Lowestoft,
Hall, Rochdale,
he, H. Yardley. Birmingham, c, A. Cole.
2, H. Yardley.
Tumblers.1,W. Lumb.
vhc, J. F. Loversidge^
Fantailh.1, J. Walker, Newark.
2, J. T. Cater,
he, J. F. Loversidge ; 0. E. Cresswell, Early Wood, BagNewark
; J. Walker,
shot: H. Yardley.
R.
Westerfield. 2,
Elliott, Ips^vich. vhc, H.
Trumpeters."
1, C. Norman,
Yardlev.
Goddard.
2. W.
Variety."
1, H. Yardley.
Stanhope St.,London
other
Any
O
. E. Cresswell
Ipswich
(Turbits).
vhc.
Miss
E.
M.
Buckel,
(Priests);
(Ice),
(Priests).
(Runts) ; W. Lumb
(Blue Owls) ; H. Laver, Colchester
he, W. Goddard
(Antwerps); H. Laver
jun., Colchester
(Pouters);P. Graham^
c, F. Harwood.
Park,

poultrywas freelyadmitted,
classes were
and we cannot but observe that the three Selling
very well
in the majority
filledwith pens which would have taken a good position
and remunerated
of prizelists,
any dealer for a visit to Ipswichto
Birkenhead
(Nuns).
claim them.
We
meeting, that a
to find,as at last year's
regretted
Class.(Black Trumpeters). 2, W. Lumb
(Turbits).
Selling
1, C. Norman
of
hours after the Judge had commenced
number
(Yellow Magpies),
arrived
some
he, G. W. Bales, Ipswich (Pouters): T. Cater, Colchester
large
pens
his duties,and,strangeto say, in some
cases
consigned c, F. Harwood, jun. (Pouters);G. W. Bales (Carriers).
portions
day. It
CAGE
BIRDS.
by the same
owners, had been safelyto hand on the previous
2 J. Frost, Parham.
he, J. Frost ;Ci"ar" 1, T. Fenn, Ipawich.
Cakarv."
the Judges
all possible
to meet
contingencies,
appears that although,
" Watson.
Mottled.
c. Cockle
" Watson, Terrington, St. .Tohn's,Lvnn.
Cockle
were
delayed to 1 p.m., not less than thirty
pens were then unoccupied."I and he, Cockle " Watson.
2. T. Fenn.
Crested." 1,Cockle " Watson.
2,J.
success.

We

add

may

that

fiUed,and

were

all the

pens

believe this

we

of the

in the three very h ^avy

was

the firsttime

Sellingclasses

Sellingclass
special

" Watson.
Frost,
he, T. Penn
; Cockle
Variety."
Any other
1,Rev. T. C. Hose, Roydon Rectory, Diss (King Parrot).
W. Bales (Java Sparrows), he, T. Fenn
(Gold Lizard): Cockle " WatsoD

2, G

for Bantams.
has been appointed
(Norwich), he, H.
and 2, T. Fenn
The Oame fowls were
Class."!
although Selling
a grand collection; and
throughout
Rectory, Diss (Lizard), c. Cockle " Watson.
Mr. Matthews, of Stowmarket. secured most of the premiums,he did
E.
Mr.
near
of
took
The Judge was
Hewitt,
close competition.
A rather unusual
occurrence
Sparkbrook,
Bo in a generally
placein this division of the Show, Mr. Matthews taking the silver cup
for

Game,

shown
no

few

all varieties

or

sexes

with
being eligible,

cases

Frere,

Burstork

Birmingham.

wonderfullywell-

lien. On the Dorhingchickens it was evident that

a
of attention had been bestowed, but there were
of humped backs and other malformations that ought never

DERBY

Black Red

common

T.

amount

The
was

BANTAM

AND

CANARY

SHOW.

fourteenth annual Exhibition of Canaries

held in the Lecture

and

Hall,Wardwick, Derby,on

other Cage Birda

the 28th and 30tli

Although in former years of October. The

pen.
prizeswere awarded ;
following
noted for the best of Spanishfowls,at the
F,
1 and Extra 1. J. Eaton. Farnsfield, Southwell.
2,F. Sale,
lie,
Bantams.in the
late meeting the collectionof this variety
was
poor and meagre
Southwell
H.
; J.Eaton.
Shumach,
Sale;
In the Variety class seldom has there been so close a run,
extreme.
YOUNG
BIRDS.
birds of the highest
a silvercup ojffered
as first prizebringingtogether
Clear
Yellow.
Pm#."
1, J. CloseCZcar
I, J. Close. Derby.
Belgian."
gated
VarieMarked
Buff."l, J. Close.
Marked Yellow "I, H. Hutchinson, Derbv.
Polands,and such a pea of Malays as are
perfection.
Silver-spangled
Buff." I, J. Close.
John
Clark-^,Derby.
Yellow."
Variegated
1,
the
be
to
at
were
seen
rarely
show,
prizetakers.
to he

admissible

Ipswichshows

in

have

prizeshow

"

been

"

any

The Ducks
exhibited,both Aylesburyand Rouens, proveda martaking first and very
vellously
goodclass,Mr. Fowler, of Aylesbury,
three
and Lady Gwydyr the second prize. The
commended,
highly
pens, fortunately
beingside by side,proveda great attraction to all

3, J.
C^"ar YtUow."l,
R. Henson,
2, S. Burton, Derby.
Derby.
Norwich."
?ic,E. Orme, Derby, c, A. Knighiv
Clarke.
4. John
5, C.Wood, Derby.
Prosser.
3, J. G. Edge,
Clear Buff."l, R. Henson.
2, W. Sherwin, Derby.
Derby.
c, J. Bonnett,
he, S. Burton,
5, C. Wood,
4, H. Johnson, Derby.
Derby.

Derby.

3. H.
Marfccd Yelloto."\,R. Henson.
2, J. Prosser, Derby.
Norwich.Clarke,
c, A. TIftri\,
he, E. Orme.
4, W.
Sherwin.
C, John
Adams, D^rby.
4, C.Merriu,
8, H. Adams.
Marked Buff." I, E. Orme.
2, R. Henson.
Derby,
Lady Gwydyr's
he. J. Bennett,
c, J. G. Edge.
Spondon.
5, C. Wood.
in
and
shown
well deserved,the birds being of first-rate quality
3. R. Henson.
was
Clarke.
2, E. Orme.
Variegated Yellow." 1,John
NoR-wicfi.gated
Variehe, A. Knight, e, J. Marshall. Derby.
4 J. Bennett.
5,Jarae i Clarke,
admirable condition. Mr. Jeffries,
the indefatigableSecretary,sent
4, E. Orme.
5, W.
S.
Cholerton.
R.
Hensoo.
S, A. Ufton.
2,
Buff." I,
in several pens of
Game
Black
Red
selected
Bantanis,
carefully
very
c, A. Knight.
/ic,J. Marshall,
Sherwin.
9. H. Johnson.
and maintained his reputation
as a breeder of this popular
HoRWicH."Evcnlu-var
variety.
legatedCrested Buff." I, John Clarke.
;u:,"T.Clarke.
Any otlier Variety of Crested Yellow." 1, W.
in some
The Pigeons^though not so numerous
as
previousyears, 3 J G. Edge.R. Henson.
he, S. Carrington, Chaddoadea
Siding.
3. H, JohnHon.
Shenvin.
2,
were
the Carriers,
more
generallyof very excellent character,
especially
2, J. Bryan.
Any other Variety of Crested Buff."l, S. Burton.
c, J. ProBser.
A. Knight.
and Variety
class.
Fantails,
Itc,
1 3j H. Hutchinson,

visitors.

success

with

both

Buff CocJiinsand

Dark

Brahmas

"

"

JOUENAL

2, 1871. ]

November

(Qreen)."Yellow.

NoHwioH

Buff. 1, E. Orme.
"

2, H.

OF

2, J. Bennett.

1, R. Henson.

"

3, C. Marson

Hutchinson.

W.
8, S. Cholerton.
Sherwin.
2, A. Utton.
ljizilii"."OoldeiirSiyangled."l,
hCiYf.
8, H. Maooonnell, Derby.
Silver-epangled."l.ti.Bmitmg.2, A. Dfton.

Sherwin.
CiNNiMON."
Jonjuf.
1, E' Coke.
2, S. BuntinK.
Mealy." 1, W. Sherwin.
Variegatedor Marked Jonque."\, E. Coke.
2, S. Bunting. 3, H. Hutohinaon.
3, S. Bunting,
Variegatedor Marked Mealy.
c, A. Knight.
2, H. Hutchinson.
2, S. Bunting. 3, A. Knight.
"1, E. Coke.
Goldfinch
Mule."
Jo^igne." 1, J. Durance.
Mealy." Xt'W. Sherwin. Bark
2. H. Hutchinson.
Jonque."l, K. Nash.
3, W. Sherwin.
Linnet
Mule."
8, S. Smith.
1, S. Bunting. 2, H. Hutchinson.
Mule
(Any other variety)." 1,J. Diu-ance.
"

OPEN
CLASSES.
I'c!!oto." 1 and 2, E. Orme, Derby,
he, W. Walter, Win"Norwich. "Ciear
Clear Buff." I, R. Henson.
Ghester.
2, W. Walter.
c, J. Audley, Leicester.
?IC J IVX"TSllQrll- " "S^ DrlS^klD
J"ff[?-fcfd
he, Prosser " Wood.
Norwich.2, G. Fisher,
YeUoiv."l,E. Orme.
D. Audley.
c, W.
/ic,
2, E. Orme.
O.W.Walter.
afa)*edBB#."l, G. Fisher.

Doyle.
2, S. Tomes,
Fan"i7a(ed Yellow." 1, W. Jerram, Nottingham.
Barley.
Variegated Buff."l, W. Meakin.
c, R. Whitaker,
he, J. Stokes,
c, W. Doyle, Nottingham.
and
reiioiii Crested." 1, 1. Keys.
he, Prosser
NsRwicH."
2, W. Sherwin.
2 and
Wood,
Burton-on-Trent.
Buff Crested." 1, W. Meakin.
c, J. Mann,
he, J. Bennett.
.c,J. Hurrell, Eishopwearmouth.
2 and he, J. Turner,
Belgian."
Clear
Yelloiv.-l, J. N. Harrison, Belper.
Birmingham. Clear Buff." I,T. Dove, Sutton-in-Ashfield. 2 and he, J. Turner.
NoKwicH"

Northampton,
2, W. Walter,

349

GAEDENEE.

COTTAGE

AND

HOETICULTUEE

fat ox
and the largest
the process
or
fattening,

of
that take the premium. Economy
of production,
is seldom inquiredafter.

The
same
bad, taste is likelyto affect the decisions in our
some
-wholepoultryshows, unless the managers insist upon a more
bird of naaximum
size
standard.
A large,
-well-developed
is desirable ;

monster

is not, for any

conceivable purpose,
We
raise poultry
the crowd.
the producer wants in his stock is
What

exceptto excite -wonder and draw

for the table.

chiefly
of flesh,
the
to make
earlymaturity,and capacity
goodquality
flesh
out of a givenamount
of food.
most
A Turkey weighing
and
1.5 lbs. is justas good for the table as one
weighing 30;
most
housekeepers would preferthem under 12 lbs. In most
markets the lighterweightswould bringthe higherprice. It is
that the
only in the regionof largehotels and boarding-houses
then, do
very largebirds bring an extra price. For what object,
and
how
do
want
them ?
want largebreedingbirds,
we
large we
It takes about three years for a Turkey to attain his largest
weight. If at twelve months a gobblerreach 30 lbs. live weight,
years he would reach 35, and at three years 40, or a little
But it is rare
to get a male bird above 40 lbs.,
and then
that destroys
it is generallyby some
his
process of stuffing
stamina and ofttimes his life. This weightis excelled sometimes ;
thinks he is almost sure of a forty-five
but about the time one
pounder,the prodigy sickens and dies.
It may
be assumed, then,that 40 lbs. is about the limit to
which a vigorous
and from
Turkey cock may he safelycarried,
half to two-thirds of that weight is the last safe limit for the
With
breeders of this size,and a littleunder, we
hens.
should
that will economise
food,and mature
get largestrong chicks,
at two

more.

c, J. Close.
Marked
Belgian.
Marked
he, J. Close.
Close.

or

"

Variegated Yellow. 1,J.

Variegated Buff." I, T.
"

or

Turner.
2. J. N. Harrison.
Dove.
he, J.
2, J. Turner,

N. Harrison.
2, S. Bunting.
Mule.
Goldfinch
Jonque.
1, S. Bunting. 2, E. Stansfield. Bradford.
W. Smith, Birmingham.
he,E.
Ac, J. N.Harrison.
2, A. Wortley.
Jlfealj/."l,
Stanheld.
Goldfinch."
1,J. N. Harrison. 2, T. Keys. hc,S. Bunting.
Linnet.
1, J. N. Harrison.
2, S. Bunting, lie,T. Keys.

1, J.
'LizLSijy.-Silver-spangl^d.
"

"

"

"

Canaries : Mr.
Judges.
Mr. G. Goodwin.
Bantams

G. Moore, Northampton,Mr. E. Bemrose,

Mr. G. A. Crewe, Etwall.

"

earlier than

MIDDLESBKOUGH

SHOW.

ORNITHOLOGICAL

This
took place on
the 27th and 28th of October, the placeof
"exhibitionbeingthe Town Hall, Middlesbrongh.
Belgian."
Clear
Yellow. I, W. Bulmcr, Stockton.
2, Stephens ". Leeke,
Clear
3 and
Middlesbrough.
kc, R. Robinson, Middlesbrough, e, J. Calvert.
Buff."l, R. Robinson.
2, W. Bulmer.
he,W.
3, T. Fawcelt, Eaildon, Leeds,
Appleton, Marton.
Ticked or Variegated."I and
c, J. N. Harrison, Belper.
3 and he,W. Needier,
2, R. Robinson.
c, P. Rawnsley, Ledget Green, Bradford.
"

yieldsmore
of

the offspring
of common-sized
birds.
No
bird
ence
quicklyto treatment than the Turkey. The influflock
is immediately
visible in
large-sized
gobbler in a

the increased size of the chicks.

The introduction of wild blood
increases the hardiness of the young,
a larger
proportionof the
of young
will be
larger number
eggs will hatch, and a much
to
likely
breed to

With
a littlepainstakingit is quite easy to
grow up.
desired shade of plumage. (American
Agriculturist.)

any
Clear Yelloie. 1 and 2, Adams
Norwich.
" Atherauch, Spon End, Coventry.
Clear
" Wynne,
3, J. Clemison, Darlington, he and c, Moore
Northampton.
" Beloe, Hide
" Wynne.
Buff."l, Wallace
Hill, Berwick-on-Tweed.
2, Moore
Gameeidge
This is well
" Athersuch.
Poultry Show.
of the atten8 and he, Adams
tion
" Preen, Coventry.
c. Smith
Norwich.
" Athersuch.
Evenhj^narked
Yelloio.-l and 2, Adams
3, Moore
of
for besides the
there are twelve
and Wynne,
he, R. Hawman,
Scarborough.
Middlesbrough,
c, C. Greenwood,
of
to be won, five of which
for
and one
are
for
" Athersuch.
" Beloe.
2 and c, Wallace
Evenly-marked Buff'."I and 3, Adams
he, W. " C. Burniston, Middlesbrough.
Babbits.
We
that the Committee
the error
commit
of
Norwich."
ricfced or
2. J. W.
1, R. Simpson.
Unevenly-marked Fel/ow.
the
for " any
What chance
" Athersuch.
c, Wallace
Frankland, Whitby. 3, Bloore " Wynne,
he, Adams
and Beloe.
Ticked or Unevenly-marked
Buff. 1, Imhoff " Chapman,
Coventry.
the Coloured ?
have the White
" Alhersuch.
" Wynne.
2, Adams
/ic " c, Moore
3, J. Clemison.
Norwich
Crest.1, M. King. 2, S. Tomes, Northampton.
3, Wallace and
Beloe.
" Wynne.
he,W. Bulmer.
c, Moore
Goppv
Crest."
2 and 3, W.
A GOSSIP
ABOUT
1, Stephens " Leeke.
Cotton, Middlesbrough.
BEES
IN
ZEALAND.
he, P. Rawnsley. c, L. Eelk, Dewsbury.
Lizard."
1 and
brough,
I FANCY
I am
3. J. Taylor, Middlesto advance
GoiafiTi-sjjangled.
lore.
2, Smith " Preen.
a littlein
/tc,M. Holroyd, Great Horton.
Silver-^pannled"l"ni For the last fourteen
c, R.Ritchie.
been without a
years I have never
Gold or Silver-spangled,
2, Smith " Preen.
3, he,and c, R. Ritchie,Darlington.
ivith Broken
stock
of
.fc
and
I
Cap.
Howe,
am
to
that
I
1, J, Calvert, Middlesbrough.
Fau'clough
state
2,
siderable
conMiddlesbrough. 3 and e, R. Ritchie, he, M. Burton.
about them from year to year
ing
payCinnamon."
8, S.
/07i3ue."l.G. Gayton, Northampton. 2, Wallace " Beloe.
Tomes,
them a very moderate
he, Moore
" Wynne,
amount
of attention.
Buff."l, R. Simpson, Whitby.
c, J. N. Harrison.
and
3. G. Cox, Northampton,
2, S. Tomes.
" Wynne,
c, Wallace
/jc,Moore
Bees here have few
mice
those
of which
Beloe.
Buff or Yellow
Variegated." 1, T. Craggs, Stockton.
2, M. Holroyd.
" Leeke
Stevens
I have any
he, Moore
have I ever discovered any disease
" Wynne,
c, L. Belk.
; nor
Yorkshire.
Clear
Yellow.
1, T. Fawcett.
2, P. Rawnsley. 3, W. " C.
which
consists
of three swarms
my
Burniston,
J. Rowland,
J.
"

"

"

worthy

"

"

exhibitors,
plate
regret
having
Dorking prizes
against

"

"

prizes

pieces

Pigeons,

variety."

NEW

beginning

"

bees,
knowledge

"

happy

enemies,

"

"

Middlesbrough,

he,

"Skelton.
Clear Buff."l,J. Baldwin.
Tic.J. Cooper, c, T. Fawcett.

Cooper, Middlesbrough,
2, J. Garbutt, Yarm.

amongst

c,

3, J. Greenfield.

and
2 and
YouKsKiRE."Evenly^iarked Yellow." 1, R. Hawman.
3, Stevens
Leeke.
he,T. Tenniswood, Middlesbrough, c, P. Rawnsley.
Evenly-marked
Buff."l,R. Hawman,
3, L. Belk.
Middlesbrough. 2 and he, Stevens " Leeke.
Ticked or Unevenly-marked "I, L. Belk.
c, R. Robinson.
2 and 3, J. Garbutt.

he, S. Rowland,
Middlesbrough.
c, E. Graham,
Green."
Clear." 1, W. Seargeant, Skelton.
2 and 3,Stevens " Leeke.
he, W.
Xawson, Skelton,Marske-by-theSea.
c, J. Rowland.
Goldfinch
3, W.
Mvi.K."Evenly^marked."l, Stevens " Leeke.
2, L Belk.
he, J. Spence, New
Needier, Bull,
Rawnsley.
Sunderland,
P.
e,
Hendon,
" Wynne.
" Leeke.
Dark"\, Moore
3 and he, Stevens
2, T. Tenniswood.
c, J. Taylor.
Linnet
lic,W.
MuLE.-Farjes'afed.-l,J. Spence. 2 and 8,Stevens " Leeke.
Chalk.
Dark."l, W. i C. Burniston.
2, W. Nichol.
8, J. Harris,
he, J.
Clasby, South Stockton, c, J. Spence.
Goldfinch
Moulted."
1,J.N. Harrison.
2, T. Allenby,Crossgate, Durham.
?, T. Tenniswood.
)ic,J. Davenay, Walker
c, Stevens
Fould,Knaresborough.
:and Leeke.
Brown
Linnet

knowledge
stock,

"

being

only

generally

annually from each hive. I attribute this part of my snceeea

to allowing nature,with very
little assistance from
art, to
have its own
I also find that a free circulation of air all
way.
round each hive is as important for the sanitarycondition of
the bees as for that of the cottagehere.
Occasionallywith me
two casts will unite of their own
accord when
swarming. This
occurred this season, and I have had to provide them a house
in proportion.
When
make
several large
harvest our honey annually
we
we

casks of mead
for use
in-doors through the winter.
Some of
the beeswax
has alreadybeen sent for disposalto England by
of our merchants.
I find the best-provided
stocks for the
one
winter are the greatestrobbers of their neighbours. When
Nichol, this happens I generallyuse a blockade
all round the hive to

Moulted.
1, W. Carrick, Middlesbrough. 2, W.
S.R.Robinson,
he, T. NeUson, Stockton,
c, J. N. Harrison.
Variety
of
British
Bird."
son.
1, W. " C. Burniston.
2, R. Robin3, E. Graham,
he, G. Cox, Northampton, c. G. Smith, Middlesbrough.
Selling
Class."
1,G. Garbutt, Broughton. 2, Wallace
" Beloe.
3, W. " C.
Burmston.
he,W. Button, Baildon, Leeds,
"
brough.
MiddlesFairclough
Howe,
c,

Middlesbrough.

apiarian
good
keep gaining
by only

prevent further depredations. The thieves then,findingthey

obtain admission,cease
in a few days to be troublesome,
cannot
and leave the weaker
alone.
swarm
Early and late seasons
have a great deal to do with swarming here.
Our bees have
Judge." Mr. T. Clark, Sunderland.
weather to contend
with occasionally
some
during
very severe
the spring mouths, but they are
short of food all the
never
winter if they dare leave the hive in the middle of the day to
LARGE
AND
TURKEY
TURKEYS
BREEDING.
it gorse hedges,broom, "o., in full flower for them
procure
A PASSION
for extra size is one of the -weaknesses of the Ameri^
I find the best way is,if practicable,
to work at.
wherever the
mind.
can
In the decisions given at our
fairs,
settles for it is generallyin a warm, sheltered,
swarm
weightis nosunny
an
but
the
needful.
In
scale
only
one
a
importantitem,
thing
place to hive the bees on the spot,which invariably
to
seems
of one
hundred pointsweight-would he the equivalent
of fifty,
in
suit them with me
after the wedding trip or excursion is over.
the minds of most judges. It is the bigs-wine,
the big pumpkin, We hive our
bees in boxes,which I place on the ground. If
Any

other

"

"

"

OF

JOUENAL

3S0

AND

HOETICULTUKB

2, 1871.

[ November

GAEDENEB.

COTTAGE

Rabbit
Nets
know of no makers, most
men
country(W* Sheppard). We
stand a good chance
put in a bee-house theywould sometimes
them.
know
The dealers in birds,"c.,in St. Martin's
how to make
of being blown
you have little idea in
over, for I presume
Lane, could probably supply you.
lettuce
Management
leaves,
Tortoise
{H. Nutt). They live upon
England what windy weather is like in this boisterous country.
sow-thistle and other succulent vegetable produce. If there is a heap of
to using large boxes for housing my
I attribute my success
tortoise will bury itself in that heap ; if not"
leaves in the garden your
bees.
I consider giving the bees a large house to work in is
bring it in-doors and place it in a cool cellar or cupboard, covered, but
nut wrapped up, by a piece of carpet. It will remain
torpid until spring.
doingthem good service. I think bee-keepersat home cannot
I think it is not generally known
that excellent jaoi can
Grape
in
Jam.
form
any conception of the quantity of honey harvested
from unripe grapes. At this time of year, vines in unfavourable
be made
work
notice
that
bees
I
alone
annually.
very
my
Canterbury
bunches of grapes that have no chance
positionsare displaying numerous
which we
little during the extremely hot weather
experience, of ripening, and it is a pity to let them be wasted. The jam should be
but remain outside their houses night and day by the thousand, made like that from any other fruit. A pound of grapes to three-quarters
firm when coldi
of a pound of sugar.
If well boiled the jam will become
time, from
fanning each other with their wings ; at the same
with a flavour very like guava jelly."E. D.
In
the heat, the honey is running out of the comb like water.
"

"

"

hot weather

now

take

the

to
precaution

shade

them

from

the

OBSERVATIONS.

METEOROLOGICAL

To finish my gossip
piercingrays of the sun with some
spray.
about
management of bees, I usually place during the
my
the top of my bee-boxes quite
winter months
a largeboard on
flat. This board is much
largerthan the box, to prevent the
last for three
drippingfrom our heavy rains,which oooasionally

Camden
Square, London.
Lat. 51" 32' 40" N. ; Long. 0" 8' 0" W. ; Altitude 111 feet.

time.
learned bee-masters
tell me
when
of our
at home
she deposits
the
bee depositsthe first egg, and when
last egg ? Anything I have written I do not think new.
They
are
only notes of my fourteen-yearsexperiencewith bees in
Zealand.
William
Swale.
New
Canterbury,

days at
Can

any

the queen

"

LETTBlR

OUR

BOX.

Chickens
(Medicvs)." The weight of your birds is good,and
twisted flightis a diain competition. The
they will hold their own
quaHfication. It is useless to exhibit any bird having it. The white in
the tail is quite immaterial.
The vulture hock is a very serious fault.
If you have one
cockerel
The brown on the wings may
be passed over.
25th.
and you
surely should have one out of sis without any twist in the
26th.
Pallets
show
him safely
flight,and without vulture hock, you may
27th.
seldom
have twisted flights;they aro
hocks, but as
subject to vulture
not
mention
them we hope they wiU be exhibited satisfactorily. 28th.
yon do
Their weights are
good.
Bkahma

"

"

REMARKS.

fine day ; though rather

foggy at night.
very
Very foggy all day ; clearing ofi"towards night.
and
Warmer
clearer,a tolerablyfine day. but rather oppressive ;
and very slightrain occasionally; fine night.
Fair
and much
clearer
day, but only fitfulsunshine, the air warm
than it has been lately.
29th. A very beautiful day, warm,
clear,and bright.
80th, Fine tillnoon, then dull and slightrain soon after,and occasionally
of the day.
during the remainder
31st. A very similar day, being fine in morning ; and dull in the after
part.
A damp
autumnal
week, with frequent mist and fog,but only a sprinkle
of rain. A similar remark
applies to the whole month of October, which
has had less rain than
usual, and yet has been one of the dampest lor
A

"

"

"

"

Bantam
Cockerels
Dying
"There
is something about
(A Subscriber).
the place that is injurious,if not poisonous, to the fowls. There is every
of poison. Tar water
is often beneficial to fowls, but tar
appearance
itself is very injurious,and has much
the effect on the throat of a bird
that a large dose of birdlime would on that of a human
being. It prevents
from swallowing, and the neck is kept stretched out to diminish,
if possible,the discomfort of such a state of things. The
reason
why
We know no cure.
only one bird gets it is,there is only enough for one.
White

Cochins
-hocked
Vulture
(H. E. P.)." Vulture hocks are so
White
Cochins, that if they were
always a disqualification
among
classes would afford no competition. Where
tbey are shown
against birds free from this defect,those having it are disqualified. The
committee
of a show make the most advantageous terms tbey can
for the
carriage of birds to and fro. So far,however, from paying the expense
of their going to and fro,it is always a stipulationthat carriageshall in
all cases
be paid by the exhibitor. The only exception is where
birds are
returned
of the purchaser. There
sold ; they are
at the expense
is no
expense incurred by an exhibitor while hia birds are at the show.

"

"

"

many

years." G. J. Symons.

common

many

PouLTEY
Food {W. C. D.). We advise you
to give up the boiled potatoes,
and to supply the liver sparingly. Give them plenty of green food.
Breeding
Duckwing
of
Game
{R.P.)."As a rule the manufacturers
Game
fowls do not publish their prescriptions. In all poultry-making
the manipulator is only guided by the fact that be must
seek a bird possessing
in
that which
his fowls lack. The
commonest
excess
is
cross
with a Black Red to get brilliancyof colour.
Your
best plan will be to
buy a sitting of eggs from some
well-known
prizetaker. Mr. Baily, of
Mount
Street, is a very large importer of Antwerps, we advise you to
apply to him.

COVENT

with
come

Preventing
Flying
(T. JB. S".)."Tie the flightfeathers together with
be in doubt
As you
to what
piece of wire.
as
constitutes the
may
will call it the firsteight feathers of the wing.
we
flight,

i sieve

2
doz,
0
Apricots
lb. 0
Cherries
bushel
10
Chestnuts
0
Currants
i sieve
Black
do.
0
doz.
0
Figs
lb. 0
Filberts
lb. 0
Cobs
Hothouse....
lb.
1
Grapes,
Gooseberries
quart 0
8
^100
Lemons
each
2
Melons

Apples

November

1.

FRUIT.

"

NoN-CLOSiNG
Beak
OF
(Browu Red)." Wash the cockerel's mouth
alum and water.
Remove
that will
any part of the excrescence
away with your nail,and then use caustic to it freely.

MARKET."

GARDEN

the general trade there has been a fair attendance

during the
much
the same.
Continental
past week, and prices remain
goods of
first-classquality are barely sufficient for the demand, but last quotations
remains
we
have been the rule,and while the weather
shall not
open
Potato trade heavy, with large stocks.
expect much advance.
Among

doz.

Ai-tichokes

^100.
Asparagus
Beans, Kidney....*sieve

d.
B. d
Oto4
0
0

s.

Mulberries
Nectarines

Oranges
Peaches
0
0

0
0

Pears, kitchen
dessert
Pine Apples
Plums

Raspberries
Strawberries

Quinces
Walnuts
ditto
VEGETABLES,
d
Leeks
too
Lettuce
0
Mushrooms
8
0
Mustard
Onions
8

lb.
doz.

d.

8.
0 to 0

^100

8
doz.
6
doz.
2
doz.
2
lb. 8
3
i sieve
lb. 0
lb. 0
doz.
1
bashel
10
1
^100

bunch
doz.

pottle

d.
s.
8 too
8
1
0
2
0

Ground
Oats
" Cress, .punnet
bushel
Broad
the whole of the
(B. H.)." By ground oats we mean
bushel
doz.
husk and
Beet, Red
all,ground up so fine that it will mix like flour. We do
1
bundle
Broccoli
pickling
quart
not wonder
yoin: fowls did not like the ordinary ground oats ; when
S
sieve
Parsley
Sprouts.. i sieve
mixed they have the appearance of chafifwetted up together. In Sussex, Brussels
doz.
2
doz.
Parsnips
Cabbage
and in some
parts of Surrey, they have stones dressed on purpose, and
2
Peas
^100
quart
CapBicums
the consequence
is pulverised,and mixes
into a
is the whole of the corn
Potatoes
bushel
buuoh
0
Carrots
like itrough dough ; there is no occasion to siftanything. All animals
do.
Cauliflower
doz.
6
Kidney
Radishes.,
doz. bunches
bundle
pigs, cows, horses,and poultry thrive upon it. It should not be mixed
2
Celery
Rhubarb
bundle
doz. bunches
4
Coleworts..
with barley or any other meal.
It should be slaked with cold water.
doz.
each
1
Savoys
Fowls like whole Indian com
better than the meal
made by grinding it. Cucumbers
Sea-kale
...doz.
8
basket
pickling
It is bad to make a pot-pourriof all your food, because you then tie your
lb.
Endive.
doz.
0
Shalluta
hands, and put a change of diet out of your power.
bushel
Fennel
bunch
0
Spinach
Sneezing
Fowls
Suddenly
case.
{TF.F.)."Yours is not an uncommon
Tomatoes
doz.
Garlic
lb.
0
Diiving rain and cold winds often affect a whole yard. You need not be
bunch
Herbs
bunch
0
Turnips
afraid of your dietarybeing too exciting. Bran and sharps are not high
Horseradish
4
.doz.
bundle
Vegetable Morrows.
feeding, and may counteract the effect of the barley and Indian meal.
You need not be uneasy
about them.
Let them
have their liberty,and
1.
November
POULTRY
MARKET."
give them stale bread steeped in strongale tillthe attack has passed.
There
is a slight
improvement in trade,and, if the weather were cooler,
Discontinue
the bran and sharps.
there would be in price. We may, however, look for it.
Warming
a Pigeon-loft
"We
do not approve
of warming
{Yorkshire).
s.'d
B. d.
a loft by fires of
the
all
kind.
Almond
most
Tumblers,
chilly of
any
8 to 0 19
0
Pieeons
Pigeons save African Owls, have lived and prospered in Canada.
The
15
16
Rabbits
damp may best be cured by good drainage ; covering up damp only increases
0
0 10
9
Wildditto
it. Secure a well-drained place,good walls,and well-fitting
3
0
8
6
doors,
Hares
fear nothing.
It is not cold, but damp and draughts that
1
you need
6, ,- 1 9
Partridges
2
0
19
iniore Pigeons, The temperature you name
is not a bad one.
Grouse
com,

,.

November

9, 1871. ]

HOBTICULTURE

OP

JOURNAL

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

351

Gladiolus disease,and I fear that growers

There are, howto take their chance.
ever,
I think, two thingsto be avoided in cultivation not
is said of the peculiarcrop of this county
! T
to come
into contact with the
to allow any fresh manure
(Kent)that it tries a farmer's patiencemore
culatebulbs, and not to allow them to suffer from want of water,
calthan any other,and that you can never
be dry.
have
the if the season
on
3'our Hops until you
in your pocket. What
Complaint has been made as to the number of varieties
Hops are to
money
the Kentish farmer, the Gladiolus is to the sent out of late years by M. Souohet, and I think it is a
that he should have deviated from his original
certain, pity
plan
gardener who cultivates it the most unthe most
provoking of all his pets. of sending out six or eighteach season, but it is to be
in
the
matter
he
is
honest
he
has
his
remembered
that
Mr
old
friend
;
and
Meeting my
neighbour
and
E. Banks, of Sholden, the other day, I three or four classes arranged according to price,
said,"Well, v?hat about the Gladiolus this year?" His evidentlyleads growers to the inference that the best are
As
ones.
replywas, " I am almost sick and tired of them ; againthe to be found amongst the four or five high-priced
of I have before said,he does not trust to his own
disease has attacked mine, and I have lost very many
judgment
best sorts, and yet I cannot
in the matter ; two or three of those best acquaintedwith
givethem up." My own
my
and arranging the
character,and they reallydo try the flower assist him in classifying
experienceis of the same
varieties. Mr. Douglas says only about 25 per cent.
one's patience. Evidently,
notes, new
too, from Mr. Douglas's
he and others have experienceda like result,while my old are
good. Well, that is about what he puts the highfriend Souchet affirms the same.
The flower,therefore, pricedat, though sometimes, indeed, it is different; for
have powerful attractions if,in spiteof all this unmust
certainty,
example, Nestor, which he places in the lowest class,
it retains,
extensivelyas the best yellow we
will,I think,be grown
as it does,its popularity.
of the dearest of last year, I
have ; while Pericles, one
The disease is a mysteriousthing,and is,as far as I can
and has not any claim to
judge, very analogousto that which attacks the Potato. think, will not hold its position,
It attacks the Gladiolus at particularstages of growth, the place assignedto it. This excessive supply of new
and is independent of all kinds of soils and methods of varieties of flowers is not confined to the Gladiolus or to
has been said
culture, A plant -will grow well all through the season, ]France, as the cataloguestestify.Much
but it is a noticeable
will throw up a good spikeof bloom-,and even
after that about the Englishvarieties of Gladiolus,
the
of
stands
the raisers,
will be struck with the disease.
we
never
fact,that,unless in
The
foliagewill turn
Souchet's
I
do
not pretend to
and when the corm
is taken up it is all over black
; why
see
yellow,
any varieties but
fact
remains.
spots,which speedilyspread,until it all perishesby a species say, but the
to the best varieties of
to many
as
of dry rot. I had bulbs from which I cut blooms for
In answer
inquiries
of the present,
I am
clined
inthe MetropolitanFloral Show on August31st,and yet after last season, and the probabilities
to place at the head of last year Horace
that the bulbs perished. That cultivation has nothing
Vernet,
to do with the disease I am
from the fact that,in the flowers of brilliantcolour and largesize,with a good spike.
sure
flower for its noveltyof
bed and of the same
have perished Sir J. Franklin is a remarkable
same
varieties,
some
and others not ; thus,I had fivebulbs of Adolphe Brongniart colour ; the spike is hardly sufficiently
long. Talisman is
(importedbulbs); of these four were sound,one horribly another novel flower,but I fear of delicate habit ; and the
and heard from others,
diseased. I had two bulbs of Horace Vernet, the same
thing same, from what I have experienced
Edith Dombrain
I have seen,
be said of Phidias.
must
took place; but what is more
I had bulbs from
singularstill,
whence
two
shoots came,
bulbs were
not
and
of course
two
spikes of it were
althoughmy own
very beautiful,
formed ; one of these was
increase.
sound, the other gone. large; it is one of those varieties that do not rapidly
perfectly
it was
raised ten years ago, but
The idea entertained by some
Souohet told me
las
amongst others,Mr, Dougto put it in
that the best blooms were
portedhe had not been able to increase it sufficiently
to be obtained from imnext ; while,
Primatice comes
until last season.
bulbs,I do not find to be borne out by fact, I had commerce
Van Spandouck,
it tested this year, having plantedof some
wiU like Nestor.
I think,many
varieties bulbs
although
that I had grown myself,others that were
and, brilliant in colour, is not a first-classflower. Amongst
imported,
which are exceedinglyprettyand ornamental,
from
again,others that were
by Mr. others are some
grown
spawn
and that years ago would have passedmuster, but are
Banks, and I could not see that there was
any noticeable
difference in them.
The theorythat this disease is to be not equal to one's idea of first-rateflowers. Of the flowers
the best ; Armide is
attributed to the high breeding
of the varieties,
Orphee is,I think, decidedly
or, rather, of 1869
in its novel shade of
to the breeding
will not, I tliink,hold good, I fine ; Delicatissima very pleasing
in-and-in,
have had Brenchleyensis
colour ; Rosea Perfecta often very prettyand useful ; and
this year attacked by it,and
such old flowers as Penelope,
Rosa Bonheur very fine and vigorous.Robert Fortune is
while Meyerbeer and Madame
Furtado
have been free. If it be a disease analogous to also very fine at times.
at Fontainebleau
at the end of Augustthe
the Potato disease,we know that theorydid not account for
When
I was
it ; for the Potatoes raised from the seed of wild ones
greaterportionof M. Souchet's flowers were out of bloom
affected by it,and the commonest
were
and roughest and, indeed,the greatbulk of his collection is now
grown at
varieties also suffered, I know of no remedy that can be Montereau, the soilthere beingmuch more
suitable for it
THE

GLADIOLUS

IN

1871.

for the
suggested

"

must

be contented

"

"

"

"

"

No. 654." Vol. XXI., Nbw

Sbbieb.

"

No. 1806." Vol. XLVI,.:0i,d3Sebies.

JOUBNAL

3t2

OF

HOKTICULTUBE

AND

COTTAGE

GABDENEE.

[ Kovembet

0, 1871.

than that of Fontaineblean ; conBeqnentI;I did not see many

tree is healthy,
planted in a thoroughlyprepared station,and
varieties.
One I did see, which struck me
of his new
as
being cared for as it ought to be. I have hitherto advocated the
"
and with a fine spike. planting of
maiden
trees, but experience has taught me
very fine Phoebus,very brilliant in colour,
Beatrix will also,if I mistake not, be an addition to our
white
that it is far better to plant largertrees which
have already
which
La
Candenr
of
1869
not
while
certainlywag
flowers,
When
undergone a year or two of trainingin a good nursery.
;
Madame
such trees are received from the nursery, each must be pruned
Desportes,our very finest white,seems to be of a very
I have lost this season
delicate constitution.
all I had of it, as it may appear to require. No set rule can
be
fairly applied
he has greatdifiiculty
and Mr. Binks tells me
in keeping it.
to a number
of trees. Take, for instance,a number
of such
As several have asked for my opinion of the older varieties,trees as a respectable
will send out as fine,
vigorous,
nurseryman
I here give the result of my observations,
ragarding them in selected pyramids ; the majorityof them will be tolerablywell
the lightof flowers that I should wish to set up in a stand, farniahed with shoots from the base upwards. The pruning of
possessingmost of the qualities
in
the young
required exhibition flowers : such trees consists simply in thinningand shortening
wood.
But there will also be some
healthyenough and in full
AdolpbeBrongniart Impiiratrice
Engenie Marechal Vaillant
Adanson
but misplacedvigour,that must
at once
be shorn of all their
James Veitcb
Damortier
Marie
Armide
Marie
Stnart
Laccpude
beauty by shortening the stems to about 18 inches from the
Belicatissimnm
Lady Fraatlin
base.
Of a number
of Apple, Pear, Plum, and Cherry trees,
Meyerbeer
Br. Lindley
Michel
Legonve
Ange
the stems
of which
then nearly an
inch in diameter,so
were
Etendard
Le Titien
Moliere
pruned when planted last autumn, not one has failed to make
Madame
Marie
de
Princess
Eugene Scribe
Desportea
a fine growth, averaging about
shoots a
eight fully-developed
Madame
Dombrain
Earydica
Cambridge
yard long upon each plant. One, a New Hawthornden
Apple,
Falton
Madame
Eeine Victoria
Fartado
has twelve stout shoots,each from 8 to 4 feet long. In doing
Homere
Sir William Hooter
Shakespeare
thij I consider I have laid the foundations
handsome
of some
Schiller
Ulysss
Virgile
how highlyimportant it is to
Thomas
Methven
Madame
pyramids, for it is well known
Vilmorin
and afterwards maintain an equal distribution of vigour
secure
The judgment of French growers
in
mast differ from ours
in a fruit tree,and it is almost entirelyowing to this principle
some
scribed
de Jussieu deway, for I find amongst others Bernard
not
that they so frequently
being
fullyrecognisedor practised,
in the most glowing terms as a remarkable
plant, and
void of symmetry, and not nearly
an
totally
Semiramis
declared to be without
appearance
a
rival. Now, neither of assume
so
not
tree. I wonld
productive as a well-trained handsome
these is in my opinion a show flower ; yet when
I saw
ramis
Semineed I do so,
advocate symmetry at the expense of utility,
nor
firstat Sonchet's I thought it trulyunrivalled,
and never
for the two things are so thoroughlycompatible that they can
I more
was
All
disappointedthan when it bloomed with me.
be united,whatever may be the varietyso treated.
who
have bloomed
it seem
to agree in their opinion of its invariably
It
is well to allude to this,
as I have noticed in several inetanoes
demerits.
The above is the result of my experience; and if
there be anything which I have omitted that my correspondents a tendency to carry the pinching and dwarfing of such trees to
to practise and
It is well ever
advocate a
a hurtful
excess.
have desired to know about, I shall be glad to supply the
vigorous use of the pruning knife, but such practicemust
omlBsion. D., Deal.
always be tempered with judgment and prudence, and due care
be taken that the full free flow of sap is not interfered with.
must
FRUIT
TREE
PLANTING
AND
CULTURE.
Let it not be supposed by beginners that after a fruit tree is
If in the followingnotes a tendency to repeat former statements
plantedno further care is required. It most be closelywatched
is observable in some
it is because experience as the buds swell in spring,especially
in such a one
perienced
exinstances,
as we
has shown them to be sound, and that the principles
abounded.
I
this year, when
body
they emblightand caterpillars
are
highly importantand very necessary to success
in
have
faith in the sensational
no
fruitingof newly-planted
frnit-tree culture.
fruit trees ; rather let ns strive to promote the greatestpossible
Too much
stress can
hardlybe laid upon the importance of vigour both in root and branch, taking care to guard every
securinga thoroughly
prepared station for a fruit tree before shoot from being broken by strong wind, and only checking
plantingit,but first of all the necessary drainage of the land
the too-vigorousgrowth of the highest branches
by pinching.
should be attended to. Nothing can
be more
annoying than to Thus the first year is altogetherdevoted to establishingthe
be unable to take advantage of a few days' favourable weather
tree in its permanent position
as the
; then in followingseasons,
for planting,owing to many
of the holes being full of water, tree gains size and strength,its fruitingpropertiesmay
be
which there is no prospect of gettingrid of for some
time to
snfiered graduallyto developeuntil it becomes
of the most
one
When
It can
be done, the stations should all be made
oome.
Luckhuesi.
useful and attractive objectsin a garden. Edwakd
before there is much
The
trees should be
danger of rain.
ordered earlyin October,so as to secure
good plants,and be
SPECTABILE.
SEDUM
FABARIA
OR
had from the nursery early in November.
Never
suffer the
packages to remain a moment
I QUITE
longer than is necessary in the
agree with all that Mr. Eecord has said (seepage 254)
hands of those to whom they are entrusted,daring their transit
the
visiting
concerningthis Sedum as a bedding plant. When
from the nursery to the garden, but secure
them as quicklyas
well-arrangedflower garden at Hampton Court in September
possible. Unpack, examine, and check off each tree, passing last,I was highlygratified
to notice the pre-eminent
positionit
it on for plantingor laying-lnat once.
Of course
it is in every
occupies there,planted in masses, in the large,square, old
to the greatestadvantage
advantageous if the trees can be planted as they Dutch styleof beds,where it is seen
way more
arrive from the nursery, but when
this cannot
singleplants
be done the
so much
so, that those who may only have seen
roots of the trees should be laid-in in soil temporarily,
idea
merits.
of
its
but
remote
true
for
form
a
Apart from the
can
ready
of the year, and
plantingupon the first favourable opportunity,which must be littleskill required to grow it at any season
it a
for and
in securing from
taken
of labour involved
carefullywatched
advantage of. Mulching, the small amount
staking,and naming should closelyfoUow the planting,or, to beautiful displayof autumn
flowers,it ofiers the advantages of
be more
should be found
correct, a label bearing the name
growing and blooming well under large spreading Yew trees,
the station when
the tree is taken to be planted,for,to save
of the choicest succulents dwindling.
where we often see some
on
suitable than Sedum
spectatime, the position of each tree should be decided upon before For such placesnothing is more
well with the
the planting begins. In addition to labellingthe trees, a
bile. Its glow of rosy purple flowers harmonises
of colour not to be obtained
ground plan of the garden or orchard should be made, and the dark Yews, and affords an amount
Its lateness in flowering I consider no
position of each fruit tree marked upon it with its name, as
from other sources.
then no confusion can arise from the loss of labels.
when not in flower it has an excellent effect.
as
even
objection,
this may
of good quality,
Some time ago in a paper on this subjectI stronglyadvocated
Though there are many other Sedums
the heading-back
of young fruit trees at the time of planting. be considered the best for bedding where not classed with some
The soundness
of my remarks
at the
of the stronger subjects. In my opinion it is too tall for its
was
questioned by some
of the
some
time, but I am glad to say that a more
extended practiceand
at Battersea,for which
place on the rockwork
has
close observation since then, have confirmed the truth of what
better adapted. I believe Mr. Donald
dwarfer speciesare
I then advanced.
former
I know
it requiressome
Sedum
Fabaria at Hampton Court in
confidence and a
bedded-ont
years
"

"

"

"

""

thorough knowledge of fruit-tree culture to prompt one to out

a fine
young tree of 5 or 6 feet in height,with a bushy head of
stout vigorouswood, down to a mere
bare stump at the time of

with the

but
planting,

here,and I consider it is

I think the result need

never

be

feared

if the

Sedum

same

results.
satisfactory

Fabakia

"

forms

a
a

J. M.

good addition to
very nsefal and

our

bedding plants

beautiful autumn-

354

JOUENAL

OF

HOETICULTUEE

Sueb waa
doubt, kept np a regular sucoeBsion.
crop, and, no
the Bjatem of Mongol Bheep-farmiug two centuries ago.
The
littlenucleus of truth around which all this nonsense
clustered
this
most
like
of
the
was
simply
C. Barometz,
Palypodiacese,
"

AND

COTTAGE

GAEDENEB,

[ NoTtmter

9, 1871.

soil would be helpful in the way of drainage

more
; and if no
than 15 or 20 inches of good staple could be procured, then
so
as
plant in beds,or in rows a littleelevated,
crease
by degreesto inthe depth of the good soil. As a row
might suit many of
readers
small
having
gardens,I would advise them not to
your

of propagatingand spreadingitself,
sends
rhizomes
or
These
sometimes
creeping stems.
be too particularin digging down
too far from
manure
the
assume
which
strange fantastic forms, among
easilybe surface. Have some
may
mellow, rotten dung mixed with the soil
traced those of sheep or Iambs ; no doubt that,in their native
at from 6 to 9 inches from the surface ; mark out the placefor
soil and climate, they will also attain to something of a sheep- the row
; spread the roots well out upon it,and be careful not
like size,and their being covered with a thick coat of wool
to allow the fine fibres to become
dry after takingup the plants
almost completes the resemblance.
A good stretch of the imaginationfor planting. After watering the roots raise about 5 inches of
would
do the rest, and
invest them
with legs,and
soil over them, slopingit both ways.
Mulch
with rotten dung ;
horns, and everything else which a decent sheep requires. I and mulch or give manure
water in dry summer
weather.
As
have had a young plantof this Fern for some
the Asparagus may
time,but nothing regards mulching in summer,
have anything
lamb-like has yet made
its appearance.
It has handsome
bito
from rotten dung
short grass ; and plenty of house
pinnated erect-growingfronds, and requires a stove temperature. sewage, not too strong, should likewise be given. This, and
E. D. Tatloe.
is the easiest
not deep trenching and deep
of
as

an

out

means
auxiliary

numerous

manuring,
plan
sands
obtaininggood-sized,
crisp,sweet Asparagus. There are thouof your readers who could give a little manure
to a row
of
SELECT
PEARS.
manure
Asparagus in autumn, and more
by a sprinkling
who never
could take the trouble of making
To the two excellent Pears which
T. E." brings to notice of salt in summer,
an
bed
in
the
old-fashioned
Asparagus
I beg to add another
way.
namely, Fortunee
Boisselot,also of
With regard to the plantseither for rows
or
beds, the easiest
Nantes origin. I have fruited it in a pot, and have some
very
and thin the plants
plan is to sow the seeds not too thickly,
fine fruit,
Dictionquite as largeas the contour of it in the
out
to 6 inches apart. I have tried that plan, and very successfully,
naire de Pomologie." Being a late Pear
February in France,
but under the best treatment a gatheringcan
hardly
Aprilhere probably itwill prove of the three the most valuable.
be
in
less
than
three
from
the
time
of
expected
sowing,
had
We
fruit of Souvenir dn Congres last year of above a pound
years
for those with bat little
weight each. Like one of its parents, Williams's Bon Ohietien, and it would hardlybe economical
to have it occupied all that time without
ground
it does not keep long, but it is nevertheless
obtaining
an
acquisitionto
remunerative
produce. Besides,though I have tried with fair
the September supply. I have not yet fruited the Beurrg
de
success
where
the
to
sowing
plants were
produce, I prefer
I'Assomption,
though we have it with several other new Pears,
plantsfrom one to two years from the seed. In
transplanting
and hope it will prove a useful one.
A French friend has
the latter way, by sowing rather thickly,
a small
written of it to me
space will hold
in high terms, also very highly of the Fortunee
of plants,and then when we
transplant fair
Boisselot as being a fine-flavoured Pear. H. Knight, a large number
returns
obtained in the second year, and the ground is,
are
Floors Gardens.
made
the most of.
therefore,
from the preTransplanting
sent
may be performed every month
ASPARAGUS
CULTURE.
the whole spring planting is pretime to spring,but on
ferable
The Asparagus is a hardy plant, and yet when
the buds at
justwhen the young shoots are from Ij to 3 inches in
the base of the shoots are
near
the surface they sometimes
the roots are carefully
length; but in either case
spread out,
suffer considerablyfrom frost. This might have been one
of damped, covered, and then mulched.
Only let the idea prevail
the reasons
of Asparagus being grown
in beds, and of the
that surface-mulchingwith rotten
dung and a little salt In
regular manuring and earthing-upbeing performed before summer
are
of more
importance than deep trenching,and many
winter
a
table will be graced with Asparaplan which was almost indispensable,
artisan's and tradesman's
an
when, instead
gus
of Asparagus all green, it was
deemed essential to send to table
in its season.
6 or more
inches of stem
blanched
like Sea-kale,with from
As regardskinds,I may be wrong, but my opinion,based on
li to 2 inches of green top on the surface. If I had plentyof practice,
is that there is only one
kind, I might almost say one
ground I think I would again revert to the bed-systemof varietyof Asparagus,and that differences in appearance are less
culture. It has its advantages,for you can
do the plantsgreater owing to seed or varietythan to the mode
tions
of culture and variaand Asparagus may thus be grown
justiceduring the summer,
of soil. Asparagus might be made
passablein the stifiest
in a quarter much
in the same
as
Onions
or
but
that
in
a
Parsnips. hungriest soil,
produced
deep, rich,lightloam
way
The spaces
between
the beds are also useful for such summer
in very stiff clayeyloams
could not easilybe equalled. Hence
crops as Cauliflowers.
burning a part of the clay,elevatingthe beds and rows, and
For various reasons, and more
for making the most
especially
lighteningthe soil with rotten leaf-mulchingand lime rubbish,
of a small extent of ground, I have for some
time grown Asparagus will be of greatadvantage.
in rows
2 feet apart. On
first planting these rows
the
Before cuttingdown a part of the Asparagushere, a quantity
plantswere
placed on little elevated ridges,as the ground is of seed was gathered,and then the tops were
thrown
into a
rather stiff. In course
of time,in consequence
of
of the successive
As showing the peculiarities
heap to be burnt or charred.
surfacingsof rotten dung, the ridgesare lost sightof, and the the season, many of the berries of the Asparagus were greenishalmost
on
level.
a
plants appear
In this way I have had plenty brown
I resorted to burning
instead of ripe and bright red.
of good shoots with but littletrouble. All
cut before the feathery
my experiencepoints the tops rather unwillingly,as when
to the simple fact,that to encourage
the growth of Asparagus, foliagefalls,
and light withal.
make
a
protection
they
good
there is nothing like summer
The
manuring and summer
manureseed,however, which is left in such cases so drops,and
watering.
often to render Asparagus a troublesome
as
grows afterwards,
"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

Why

do

I mention

this ?

Simply

that

many

with

sma'l

gardens,who have hitherto looked upon Asparagus as beyond

their reach,may see that they could have good gatheringsfrom
that would singlytake up little more
rows
of
space than a row
good Cabbages or a couple of rows of Carrots. Many a thriving
tradesman is deterred from thinking
of Asparagus on
account
of the deep trenching,
the endless amount
of manure,
the
necessary
drainage,and the care
even
a
required to manage
small bed of Asparagus ; but were
the conviction
spread,that
with moderately loosened and enriched soil Asparagus would do
remarkably well with a surface-mulchingor manuring, its culture
in small gardens would be increased twentyfold,
and many
invalid would be refreshed by the daintydish that at
an
present

weed.
Forcing.
It is necessary to out down
earlythe Asparagus
which is to be forced early,and if we had plenty of ground and
little glass,I should like to have Asparagus from November
until it came
in from
the open
ground. For obtaining the
the old,
is better than
earliest before Christmas, no
mode
though wasteful plan,of taking the roots up and packing them
of
inches
of
2
or
3
mild
with
a
on
a
covering
closely
hotbed,
For such earlyforcingan old bed
sandy loam and leaf mould.
is often chosen.
I much
prefer,for all forcing,a piece from
"

the cutting in spring was

earlystopped,so that growth
early completed. With such materials,
ripening were
I have been satisfiedwith
for a fair-sized establishment,
is felt to be out of reach.
at
one
or
two lightsof a frame at a time,generallyusing one
There is not the slightest
neoeg
and in a fortnightor three weeks afterwards taking to the
ty for trenching and putting first,
in bones
and other kinds of inanure
3 feet deep. The
second.
There is no better plan for obtainingearlyAsparagus
Asparagus, on the whole, is more
of a surface than a deep in the late months
of the year, nor, indeed,at any time, so far
A depth of 2 feet,or 20 inches at least,
rooter.
of well-stirred as the supply is concerned ; but the waste of old,good plants
which
and
even

Noven*er

9,1871.]

JOUBNAL

OF

HORTICULIUBE

AND

COTTAGE

GAEDENEK.

355

something seiious,and accounts for the high price that the Grapes,and pronouncedthem excellent both in flavour
Asparagus must ever bring in the winter and early spring and colour. UnfortunatelyI made a mistake ia the day,and
the importance of having beds of Asparagus out my last to show at the Royal Horticultural Society,for
Henoe
months.
the
heated by hot water, or by fermenting material,where
Wednesday,the 25th of October,instead of November
lat,as I
Beds
thus destroyingthem.
or
ought to have done, otherwise I should have had the pleasure
plants remain without lifting
of exhibiting
several varieties,
all of which were
forced every alternate year.
thus heated will yield well when
grown under
It is to me
always a matter of regretto see destroyed,by lifting Rivett's ground vinery,old pattern,with the slightalteration
of substituting
iron hooks for putty. I should here mention
and forcingin a frame, those fine roots,which, if left in the
ther that my Grapes are much
later this year, and also that I for
ground, would have done service for years, for they are of no furam
I think heat beneath the
one
after having been forced.
quite satisfied with the Grapes so grown, taking all
use
into
consideration.
In fact,some
have far
of mine
roots adds to the vigour of the shoots, and plenty of light things
this year, that have
makes
them
nice and green and crisp,but any place where
surpassed others that I have ^een, even
there is a heat of from 60" to 60" will bring Asparagus on well. been grown in largehouses.
Harbison Weib, Weirleigh,
Kent,
I have even
forced the shoots to push in a dark place,cut
them
when they were
6 or 7 inches long,then set their base in
POTATO
CULTURE
IN
LINCOLNSHIRE.
damp moss, and exposed them to lightfor several days under
Extensive tracts of land are devoted to Potato cultivation in
glass,but even then the heads were probably not quite so crisp
in a slight
hotbed and exposed to lightas they this county,and the crop may therefore be considered a staple
as those grown
production. It affects the interests of many cultivators of the
grew.
For the sake of beginners,I may state that when the roots
soil,and has a direct bearingon the food supply of largetowns,
heat should never
the bottom
be
which
thus taken to a hotbed
are
annually depend on extensive consignments from the
above from 75" to 80" ; that if there is the least danger of the
which
Lincolnshire Potato fields,
are
generallycredited with
the roots should merely be left on the surface, furnishingproduce of the beat quality. At the first glance it
heat being more
and be slightly
covered after watering,and then 2 or 3 inches
little
that
the
a
not only
strange
largestcrops but the
may seem
The
best samples of such crops are grown on the lowest land in the
more
covering should be put on as the heat declines.
details of these matters are of primary importance to the inexperienced.
the lowest land in the kingdom.
county,and this means
In the higher heath and cliff lands,which have generallya
For an earlyAsparagus bed, then, I seldom use
all of fresh materials,
old hotbed which
limestone base,the qualityof the Potatoes cannot be surpassed,
but select an
a hotbed
The soil is taken ofi, but on account of the shallowness
has been used for Oaoumbera
or
Melons.
of the soil the crop is not
also the most
that
which
is
and
not
generallysufficiently
productive to be cultivated specially
decayed part of the dung ;
is
mixed
with
hot
leaves
other
In
the
Fens
Potato
rotten
or
is largelygrown,
tree
the
and
quite
stirred,
extensively.
fermenting material,and 2 inches or so of the rotten dung in dry seasons
heavy crops are obtained,but at the best these
are
placedon the surface. On this are packedthe numerous
ing
spreadonlyof second-rate quality. The soil in the fen districts is
of black vegetablemould restingon clay; in wet weather
not to let them
roots, taking care
get dry, putting in a mass
the first row
the buds
it is pasty,and in dry weather it is blown
about like clouds of
as close as it is possibleto do without
littleleaf
loam
scattered
In
such soil it is obvious that the appearance
mould
and sandy
is
on
soot.
of the
touching. A
the long roots, then the next row
of roots is placed over
them
tubers will not be prepossessing,
and owing to an
almost total
with the buds on
the first row.
In this way a
absence of calcareous matter, the qualityis not of a high order.
a level with
of roots can
be packed in the space of a single Still in favourable seasons
it is fair,and as the crops are often
largenumber
lightof 6 feet by 4. When all the roofs are packed in,a sprink.. large the Potato is extensivelycultivated,simply because it
lingof lightsoil is thrown over them, and water is given at a pays as well as anything else. But it is on land lower than the
temperature of about 65",'so that the fibres of the long roots fens where the largestbreadths are planted and from which
When
that there is the proper heat, heavier crops are drawn, while the qualityis fullyequal if not
sure
may have no check.
add a couple of inches or so of covering,for,where green shoots
superiorto that of the best samples from the high lands in the
are
preferred,
coveringfor blanching is quite unnecessary.
kingdom. But how lower than the fens, which are only a few
of tbe simplest modes
of forcing, inches above the sea level ? Well, hundreds
of acres
of the
Though the above is one
7 or 8 feet
yet,as alreadyindicated,any mode will do where a little heat finest Potato laud in the kingdom are reallysoma
be
can
fond of below the tidal level of tbe Trent, which
flows through the
given. An old friend of mine was
excessively
when
it could not be obtained easily.He
Potato district. What
bited
a triumph of engineeringskill is exhiAsparagus,especially
had a small greenhouse heated by a flue,and as tbe stokehole
by the Isle of Axholme, the north-western division of the
than the greenhouse. He
was
small, it was always warmer
county ! Once a morass, worthless except for fishingand
used wooden
boxes a foot across
and 10 inches deep. In these
to the inundations
of the Trent,Ouse, and
fowling,and subject
the roots of Asparagus were
most
and productiveland in the
packed thicklyas above,watered, Don ; now the richest,
fertile,
and set near
the stove in the stokehole,
and the boxes covered
of the " garden of
county, enjoyingand meriting the name
the Asparagus was
Lincolnshire."
If ever merit and enterprise
about 4 inches long the
were
lightly.When
acknowledged
and rewarded
it was
when
Charles I.,250 years ago, conferred
to
covering was removed, and ere long the box was removed
the warmest
the honour of knighthood on old Yermuden
the Dutch drainer,
part of the greenhouse, where the shoots soon
A few boxes kept up a good sucbecame green enough for use.
in about five years rescued above 180,000 acres
of land,
cession. who
made
it secure
againsttidal inroads,and laid the foundation
consider
that
the
of
the
winter and earlyspring
Some
Asparagus in
complete system of draining and warping which has
months
have
air in order that it may be
resulted in the present high state of fertility.
cannot
too much
Fiftythousand
tender and healthful.
Hence
the
of this land belong to Lincolnshire,and that area
it is not uncommon
is
to see
acres
tender shoots exposed to a keen frostynorth-easter after they cropped almost
exclusivelywith Potatoes,Wheat, and Flax.
have been forced into growth, instead of having justenough
Far as the eye can reach, in a district level as the sea, beneath
of air to keep them safe while surrounding them with a rather
but Potatoes
which it once
be seen
lay, hardlyanything can
moist warm
For miles it is the same
atmosphere. In the latter case the heads will be with the alternate patches of corn.
the
full,crisp,and sweet ; in the former case they will be too no variation,
but one monotonous
of
Englishman's
expanse
much
like so many
and Irishman's staff of life.
hard-dried twigs,giving little pleasure to
the eater, and doing as little credit to the grower and the
The long-continuedadaptability
tato
of this warped land for Pocook. E. Fish.
culture is probably owing to the largequantity
of gypsum
with which the isle abounds, supplying the two principalinorganic
elemeniiS of which
haulm
the tuber and
together are
GRAPES
RIPENING
IN
GROUND
VINERIES.
constituted
lime
and
The
acid.
also
viz.,
sulphuric
gypsum
I NOTICED
a week or
so
doubt acts beneficially
no
and
ago that a correspondent,writing on
by its power of fixingammonia
stated he thought Grapes so grown would
not
ground vineries,
keeping it in store for the use of the crop. The land is highly
with night soil and town
refuse ; and it
ripen this year, and quoted those of Mr. Elvers,at Sawbridge- manured, principally
has long been the practice,
when takinga boatload of Potatoes
worth, as an instance. I think it well,therefore,to make
known
that I have thoroughly ripened the following viz., to the largetowns, to load back with manure,
a
plan which is
Golden
Champion, Early Golden
Frontignan, Frankenthal, worthy of more
generaladoption. In addition to this practice
Morris's Hamburgh, Treutham
ling,
artificialmanures
of all kinds are largely
Black, Poster's White Seedused,guano, however,
General Delia Marmora, La Bruxelloiee,
the Muscat Hamburgh,
greatlypreponderating,
as ithas proveditselfthe most valuable
and Fintiudo.
Many competent judges have tested for the purpose.
is

"

"

"

"

"

33"

In

JOUBNAL

planting,plentyof

room

is

OF

HOETICULTURE

AND

afforded,
nearly 3 feet being

allowed between the rows, and the sets are placed14 or 15 inches
well earthed-up, a practicerendered
are
apart. The' rows

COTTAGE

GARDENER,

[ N'ovomber

9, 1871.

But it is not of much

to enumerate
varieties.
use
Those which succeed in one
placewill not do so well in another.
I have tried many
kinds with the view of selectingthe halfdozen best adapted to my particularsoil,and have nearlyattained
the plan to others as the most
my object, I recommend
and useful.
J. W., Lincoln.
practical

strong one.

especially
necessary owing to the naturallycool moist soil of
the district. Besides,earthinggreatlyfacilitates
the taking-np
of the crops, which, being extensive,is a question of some
moment.
Earthing Potatoes,like other practices,must be
It may be rightin one
modified by circumstances.
place and
in
another.
In the district of which I am
writingit is
SOME
PHEDATORY
wrong
INSECTS
OF
OUR
a
necessity,while in the garden here it is a fallacy,the soil
GARDENS."
No. 21.
being light,deep, and dry. To plant shallow and earth-up
Chilling were
of the nights of the last month, and
some
obtain far heavier
high is doing the garden an injustice,
as I can
with occasional morning fogs,serve
to remind
crops by plantingeirlyand deep and earthing-upvery lightly. these,together
that we must
us
But the majority
of the
General principles
prepare for winter.
may be laid down, but to be successful the
insect tribes need not the warnings of October, for they have
details must be carried out accordingto locality,
cumstances.
soil,and ciralreadyretired from view. Very few of those that hybernate in
the larval or imago states lingeron until now, but usuallyquit
To resume.
The Potato crops in garden, heath, fen, and
their food,or cease
their flightere September departs. Some
isla are poor.
It is a question if there is much
half the
over
qnmtity of good marketable tubers in the county that was last tarry,however, and fly,in a very languid style,about the yet
hover around
or
the green Ivy blossoms,
yenr produced. In the first place,the gross bulk of the crop is remaining garden flowers,
about which
the bees, I perceive,
are
the disease is very extensive ; and thirdly,
the
particularly
busy.
light; secondly,
tubers,which are sound, are far below the usual standard in I behold them, and resolve forthwith that they shall not escape ;
they also shall appear in the dire catalogue,let the apiarians
traceable to an
qaility. This is directly
unpropitious season.
"When we find that in sis months
Aprilto September inclusive ssy what they will in their favour ; for are not bees,at least
in
some
seasons, amongst the predatoryinsects of our gardens ?
nearly16} inches of rain have fallen,and the total yearly
A very large number
of authors,writing for young
and old,
little exceeds 20 inches,we
need not go further.
The
mean
have agreed to give bees such excellent characters,
that there
best part of the crops are
the early garden varieties. Their
insects" becoming a
danger of these "industrious
priuoipalgrowing month, May, was fine. Those who took their is some
littlevain, from the quantum of eulogy which
they receive.
crop up before July 20th had a fair harvest. It was about this
time the disease came
and spread rapidly. My practiceof Very diligentthe workers undoubtedly are, yet the same
thing
be
said
of
other
of
the
same
species
class,whose
taking up for seed while the tops are quitegreen and the skins might
many
merits
trouble
take
the
will
to
off
scarcelyanybody
inquireinto.
slipping by the touch has again stood me in good stead. Of
"
those which I thus lifted not one
tuber has become
diseased, Careful of their young, and almost affectionate towards them."
but so are a host of insect parentsbesides,
who "do
Very likely,
while of the few left for daily digging nearly half became
and blush to find it fame ! "
No ; give bees
bad.
I have adopted this practicefor fourteen years, and
good by stealth,
of the social,
always with the same
good result. The first periodof disease, and I am in this connection speaking particularly
not of the solitary
vihich was so disastrous to the earlies,
left the late ones
almost
species -their due eulogium ; still it must
be
added
that
be
cruel
and
they can
quarrelsome, and also,
uninjured. The earlies were
approaching maturity, and the
occasion,turn robbers and thieves. As a rule,we have
upon
foliagewas unable to carry off the excessive moisture taken up
not much
fruit receives
to complain of the injuries
our
reason
able
by the roots,while the late kinds in vigorous growth were
from these insects,
but should their usual supplies of honey
I can account for their escape
to elaborate the sap.
successfully
by no other theory. The 17th of August was a fatal day to the fail them, they will attack it quite as eagerlyas any wasp or
lata crops.
son
On that day an
inch of rain fell in half an
Thus, in 1866, when in many places the seahour, bluebottle can.
for honey-gathering
an
and the germs of disease were
established.
The wet September
was
unusually short one, it hag
been
noted
that
the
the
fruit
with
bees
visited
their
ruin.
At
the
the
month
five
close
of
completed
eagerness, and
days
harm
than
the wasps.
An
more
observer, who
brought nearly3 inches of rain,upwards of Ij inch fallingin did much
one
day. They could not stand this,and the Lincolnshire crop watched them repeatedlywhile thus engaged, gave it as his
lost.
opinion that theydid not turn the sngar they thus obtained
was
into honey, nor
did they carry it to their homes
Ab to kinds, Rooks
and Regents are mainly relied on, with
; so that it
would
Pa.terson'a Victoria close in their wake.
This varietyhas come
motives,
appear they sought the fruit from economical
that
their
In
in the
store
of
into
they
might
Belgium,
and
last
bid
fair
its
to supplant
honey.
rapidly
spare
favour,
year
lar
popuand the
it
that
few
same
was
were
rivals. This year, however, it is very much
and
reported
seen,
year,
wasps
diseased,
beea came
in their stead.
In the precedingyear a West Sussex
will in consequence
lose prestige.It is in qualityby far the best
man
of the three,and this fact may redeem its character.
Of course
noted,that though Plums and fruit generallywere plentiful,
to be
in a Potato country there are
July and August passed and scarcelya wasp was
fanciers,and nearly every
many
the rebut
it
became
the
wall
fruit
to
sort
sort home
and foreignis tried and compared. The
seen,
American
ripen
justas
began
of troopsof bees.
The wall fruit failing
kinds as a rule are
found wanting in quality. Mr. Frisby, a
them, they took to
the Pears,and settled so often on
that it was
the fallen ones
first-rate grower, says Peach Blow is the best of the lot. My
dangerous for children to go and pick them up ; for the bees
crop of Early Rose averaged 20 lbs. per square yard, with next
were
noticed to be in a weakly and unhealthy condition, and,
to no
disease. This is equivalentto nearly 7000 stones, or
above 43 tons per acre.
If its qualitywere
but equal to its like human
invalids,
they became irritable and unpleasant in
their
plenty of flowers that season,
tempers. Yet there were
productivenesswe should be under a debt of gratitudeto brother
Jonathan, but I for one cannot subscribe to a testimonial to but the bees would not visit them ; the conjecturedreason
being,that they contained little or no honey and pollen,with
himyet. Boviniaisbyno means
equal to our expectations.The
find
Red-skinned
we
Flourball is regarded with much
exceptions,of course.
Going back a littlefurther still,
favour, and bids
fair to establish itself as a standard
variety. It is a heavy that a correspondentof a scientific journal states with regard
to Scotland,during a season
when the flowers had ripened with
cropper, very littlediseased,and fair in quality. A kind called
tute.
The Queen'a is this year quitefirst-class. It is a good cropper,
greaterrapiditythan usual,the bees were left suddenly desti"
and Apricots
attacked Plums
in
in
and
tuber
diseased.
This
and
one
not
They,
unsurpassed
quality,
consequence,
that. sometimes
numbers
eighteen or twenty [?] bees
markable in such
reFlourball,growing amongst about twenty varieties,were
would be found in one Plum.
for the strength of their constitution.
When
the
They efiected their entrance by
blackened
a small
hole,only largeenough to admit one at a time, and
by disease the two kinds
"ops of all the rest were
justreferred to remained green and vigorous. The Queen's, I graduallycleared out the pulp until nothing was left but the
their operationsthat,
skin.
So
did they carry on
should say, is a strain of the Victoria,
and a valuable one.
artistically
is a heavy-cropping till examined, the Plum
What I stillfind to be a desideratum
or
Apricot with the bees within had
of sound and juicyfruit. On being shaken
into use immediately after all the appearance
to come
varietyof first-rate quality,
the Ashleafs,and carry us on to the late field varieties. I have
out the bees were
bably
helplessand feeble,and most of them prothe effects of their rich and unaccustomed
tried many
died from
varieties to this end, and at presentAshtop Fluke
the
and
clusion
confood."
the nearest to my requirements. This I intend to inThis narrative may be slightly
coloured,
comes
crease,
and get rid of half a score
doubt,
others.
As earlies for garden
as to the decease of the depredatorsI certainly
other
ments
statecorroborate
cultivation Rivers's Royal and Carter's Champion are both first- yet the facts are
and
bona
fide,
given
"

"

"

"

"

rate,the former being the best in

lightsoil,the latter in

of

similar nature.

November

JOUKNAL

9, 1671. ]

OF

HORTICULTORE

AND

357

GAEDENER.

COTTAGE

and prefer to retreat to the kitchen

is another trick which bees put into practice
at
leaves and fading fiowers,
with
in autumn, there remains abundant
leads the flower gardener to regard them
garden,where, even
vision
proand finds that either
The juvenilecaterpillars
to a flower,
of the Angleshades
disfavour.
for them.
a bee comes
When
and
from the length of the tube or from the closingof the lipit Moth
are to be discovered now,
(Phlogophorameticulosa),
the perfectinsect,
No, not
cannot obtain the honey, the bee goes off elsewhere.
as
in
the
if
is
in
the
of
which
It
do
it
flower
tember
Sepprime
so,
season,
always.
appears
may
and October,
but when honey is getting difficalc to obtain the bee does not
for
about
continues
give it up. Instead of that,it ingeniouslybores a hole in the
time, we
some
right positionto enable it to rifle the flower of its treasure.
may
have been noticed as particularly
Several speciesof Fuchsia
possibly find both
fae objectsof attack.
Some
moth
and caterpillar
years ago nearly every blossom of
exhibited
these
The AngleIFuchsia elegansiu some
which
at once.
gardens
holes,
Moth not nnshades
a
were
puzzle to the non-observant. Bees have also reached,
enters our
ia a similar way, the nectaries of the speciesof Delphinium,
frequently
Bat

there

times, which

)oms, being attracted

thither by the lights.

Aqailegia,"c.

bees disfigureour garden shrubs,

of the wild solitary
tiioughtheydo them no positiveinjury. Ttie most conspicuous
offenders are those belongingto what are
called
popularly
the fact that their cells are very carethe Upholsterers,
from
fully
and curiouslylined,usuallywith leaves,
with
occasionally
Rjse-leaf Cutter (Megachile
The
other materials.
centuncuSome

pose
In its attitude of reit has a peculiar
the
wings
appearance,

btingfolded and

Phlogophorameticulosa.

roof, so

forming
that

the insect passed

restingupon the ground I have known
by an entomologicaleje, it having a resemblance to
i"..i,r"w
x^'
a bit of crumpled paper.
The egg of the Angleshades is laid upon various plants. I
have found it on the garden varieties of Chrysanthemum. By
that it is
of a moderate
means
magnifying power, we perceive
channelled and dotted,the markings being regularly
arranged,
and giving to it,as Rennie observes,a likeness to a sea-egg in
is a very generalfeeder; in the
The
miniature.
caterpillar
flower beds it attacks many
mum,
species; besides the ChrysanthePrimulaceous
it is partial
to the Hollyhockand
plants.
In the winter it is more
frequentlyfound in the kitchen garden,
the
the weather
is tolerablymild upon
feeding whenever
Cabbages and Lettuces ; in fact,I do not believe it is ever
that
s
hows
it
entirelytorpid. A dissection of this caterpillar
when

over

even

bility
with fat,and its insensihas the vital organs well surrounded
to cold may be thus explained. It is remarkably smooth
and velvety,of an
apple-green,occasionallybrown, in both
cases
having indistinct whitish dots and white lines ; the head
of a leech-likeaspect. If alarmed
is small,givingto it somewhat
the Angleshades caterpillar
drops from its food,rollingitself
less complete. It is rather inclined to
or
into a ring more
that by examining different plantswith a
so
shun the daylight,
covered,
will be disthese and other caterpillars
lantern after sunset
the existence of which, it may
be, the gardener had
littleidea of. He may have noticed the drooping leaves which
their
night excursions,and removing
they had nibbled during
these the next
morning, has, perhaps,been inclined to think
that " the slugs" had been the chief offenders.
of
attain their maturity in the month
These
caterpillars

growth,
April; eatingprettyconsiderablyof the early-spring
of a
and then descending to the ground, they spin a cocoon
the
the
surface.
of
fortunately
slighttexture on
Many
pupas are
is on the
killed by the spade. The first brood of the moth
at least,
a second
wing in May and June, and there is generally,
brood of the caterpillars
iu the summer,
producingthe autumn
the banks of
I have found the speciescommonly on
moths.
the caterpillars
the Thames, where
feed on Groundsel and
Docks."

J. E. S. C.

Megachile centnncularis.
Head
-"i.

of larva protruding from case

h ; c,
of loaves.

narrow

part ol

case

formed

AND

APPLE

PEAR

TREE

STOCKS.

Near
Ilford there is one of the most beautiful orchards of
by preference the leaves of the Rose,
the
It is under
Eirch, and Mountain
Aeh, cutting out circular pieceswith pyramidal fruit trees one can wish to see.
student of nature,
wonderful ingenuity.The nests contain a varying number
of management of Mr. Green, a very intelligent
and they are placed in a beaten path, or in the cavities
and a greatlover of fruit culture,
cells,
though not a gardener in the
of walls,sometimes
in rotten wood.
Other
Amongst the many rows of very finespeciesfrequent strict sense of the word.
the Pear, the Elder, and various trees for the same
shaped trees Mr. Green pointed out to me three or four of the
purpose.
of Jersey and Beurie
On the banks
of the Thames, near
viz., Louise Bonne
prised
surfollowing kinds
Eew, in 1865, I was
find
how
to
d'Amanlis
bee of this division had
Pears,and Sturmer Pippin Apple.
extensivelysome
been at work upon
led at
In growth these trees had apparentlyremained stationaryfor
a long Privet hedge ; in fact,
I was
firstto suppose that some
the last few years, the general stock so far exceedingthem in
had been devouring the
caterpillars
dwarfed
of the character of the incisions height as to be about five times their size. These
leaves,until an examination
even
proved that they had been made by bees. Some
of the Upspecimens annually bore a crop of remarkablyfine fruit,
holsterer
barren.
robust
associates
when
their more
bees employ, instead of leaves,the petalsof flowers.
in seasons
were
distinct
from
is
the
which
is
all
rounding
surThe
to
her
with
the
deck
cause
stock,
quite
Anthocope Papaveris delights
nest
bright
tive
which
foster strongergrowths,and its distincpetalsof the Corn Poppy.
ones,
marks are
There yet remain in the gardens,as well as in the fieldsand
a
a very rough bark and
perfectfreedom from
woods, a few external-feeding
caterpillars,
mostly, it may be suckers. As regardsthe Pears I would ask.Are seedlingQuince
planted
stocks ever
to
assumed, of rather a melancholic tarn ; they almost seem
employed, or are the stocks invariablytransfeel themselves out of placeas theywalk amongst the withered
suckers ? If seedlingQuince stocks are occasionally
laris of

uses
Latreille)

"

JOUEHAL

358

HOETICTJLTXJBE

OF

AND

COTTAGE

GAEDENER.

[ November

9, 1871.

mens. a very tellingcolour,especiallyin dull days. Two opposite

need, then there is an explanationof these rongh-barked specibeds in my garden this year were
I state the facts to indnce others to offer as an opinion match
planted one with Bose
Eendatler,and the other with Blue Bell,and it was curious to
upon the facts referred to." W. E.

THE
Having

Make

much
the other day, I was
a friend
large crop of the finest Easpberries.

paid a visit to

Dstonished
Ti" all who

to
do

RASPBERRY.

VICTORIA
such

see

not

grow

this noble

antumn

fruit I would

say,

A piece of ground well trenched

plantationat once.
uiid manured, and planted with canes
3 feet apart each way,
\m11 make
a good plantation.
a

My friend

told me
that he had gatheredfruit from them
three times
a-week
for tarts for the family. He has been
utile to gather fruit from them
in
until the end of November
other years, and I have no doubt he will do the same
again
this year.

When

other fruit for tarts is so scarce

at this late time of the
year, nothing is more
acceptablethan this fine fruit for a
gentleman's table." T. C. G.

notice how much

than
further Eose Eendatler
could be seen
Blue Bell,and also how much
better the effect was in combination
with other colours.
Maid of Kent,
This is like Eose Eendatler in pointof habit,
but a deepershade of pink and a finer colour, one
that I can
endorse
stronglyrecommend, and about which I can thoroughly
Mr. Luckhurst's
opinion.
Blue Bell (W. Paul)-Bluish
but not
pink, a good pot plant,
"

in my opinion a good bedder.

Countess
of Eosslyn (Downie,Laird, " Laing)."Soft rosy
pink, with dwarf habit ; has been very good this year with mo.
Christine Nosegay. Soft pink, dwarf habit.
This has not
succeeded
with me, and it was
curious to remark, after the
"

first severe
morning
bank
this sort was

frost,out of thirtydifferent kinds in one

killed,while very few of the others were

injured.
Eose

Perfection. Light pink, pretty flower,but

"

not

free-

bloomingenough,
Ne

BEDDING

PLANTS

IN

In

1871."

No. 3.

Plus Ultra
but
Like Eose Eendatler,a good pot plant,
not so good as Eose Eendatler
for bedding purposes.
Beauty of Lee. A good brightpink, not sufficiently
proved
"

continuing the list of the floweringsection of Zonals, we

come
next to the cerise,
and cerise shaded with violet or lilac.
by me.
The first X name,
and the best, is Violet Hill (Henderson), Pink Queen pownie, Laird," Laing). A very beautiful pink,
which is still,
in my opinion,the type of a bedding Geranium.
in the autumn.
It did not bloom
especially
freelyearlyin the
I have, however,so often spoken in its praise that I need not
year, but I think it will succeed better another year, as I had
add more
at present. It is very dwarf in its habit and comcontinued to propagate from it too late in the spring.
pact,
and some
with it from not
Dante (W. Paul). A good pink, not sufficiently
proved with
persons have not succeeded
The firstbed in good me.
liberal treatment.
givingit a sufficiently
bloom with me
this year was planted with it,and never
but
on
a stronger
Penelope(W. Paul)."Somewhat likethe above,
any
one
could it be said that any other bed
day dnricg the season
grower.
ijf Geraniums
in the garden wan superiorto it.
Hydrangea.-A beautiful flower, but not free-blooming
Amy Hogg (Beaton),
cerise,shaded with violet. This still enough out of doors ; likelyto be a good pot plant.
The footstalk
kind.
These are all the pinks which
keeps up its character as a free-flowering
I have tried out of doors this
is rather too long,so that it does not stand wet very well.
it always ran
as
year, as I have long since discarded Christine,
Dr. Hogg (Beaton),
violet than the last. to seed,and had a very small inferior truss.
cerise,with more
This is a most striking
kind in dull weather and in the autumn
Of white kinds I think The Bride the best. I have also a
months.
It does not seem
to stand sun
Madame
well,as on hot sunny
by Mr. Aldred.
very good dwarf white, sent me
days the petalsshed very freely,and it is apt to run to seed. Vauoher, AVhite Tom Thumb, and White Perfection are to all
It is very free-blooming,
but the habit is rather straggling. It intents identical
in fact,Madame
Vaucher
comes
so
truly
would be very tfiective planted in a shady situation.
from seed that it might almost be raised and sent out from
Duchess of Sutherland
seed as Madame
rose
white varieties
cerise,is of a very
(Turner),
Vaucher, and a great many
pleasingbut rather dull shade of colour ; very free-flowering, sent out are nearly all the same.
but the flowers do not stand wet weather
well.
I have omitted one
the scarlets and crimsons,
two
or
among
Jean Sisleyhas been
Lady Kirkland (Laing).This is one of the very best; large notably Jean Sisleyand Charlie Caebon.
it
fine
round
is
truss,and free-blooming. It has too long a footstalk,but is, very much
a
puffed;
flower,and is a
very
in my opinion,decidedlyan improvement on Duchess
of Sutherbrilliant-coloured scarlet with a white eye, but I do not think it
land.
will make
a good bedder, though it will certainlybe a good
Arthur
Pearson
(Pearson).Very like Amy Hogg, but a pot plant. Charlie Casbon, a dwarf crimson, is in my mind
rounder
flower and stifierin the footstalk,
and this year it was
much
more
promising ; it is more
free-blooming,larger,and
better than Amy Hogg.
looser in the truss, and stands weather better.
decidedly
Duchess (Beaton).Too coarse
and strong a habit. A good
I will fluish these remarks
with the
on
bedding Geraniums
pot plant.
and others ; I will conclude now
Bronzes, Tricolors,
by saying
Cbarles Dickens
that the pick of those I have
named
are
ing
Bayard, Waltham
(Bell" Thorpe). Cerise,with a very glowlint of violet in it; a very strikingflower,with largetruss
of Devonshire, Grand
Seedling, Duke
Duke, Lady Kirkland,
and good habit.
This is one of the most
Maid
Geraniums
Violet
Charles
of Kent,
Eose
Dickens,
promising
Eendatler,
Hill,
sent
a
out lately,
vourite.
and, I think, likelyto become
popular faVesta,Lady Constance Grosvenor,and Sobieski. C. P. Peach.
It won
the first prize at Kensington this year for a
singlehybrid Nosegay, and well deserved the award.
GRAPES
POSSIBLE.
ALL
THE
J. J. L iwe (Pearson),
rose-coloured. A good pot plant,but
I HAVE
not good as a bedder.
a Black
Hamburgh Grape Vine, which I intend shall
Lawrniioe Heywood.
This is something like Lady Kirkland, bear in a 15-inoh pot. It is about 10 feet long,and I wish it
Ought I to cut it
with a noer
individual bloom, but not so large a truss, and
to bear all the Grapes that it will next year.
that by lettingit fruit so
far ? I know
If BO, how
with me
it did not flower so freely. It is,however, an undeback ?
niably
but
I
do
mind
as
I
shall
not
much
that, I only want it
spoilit,
good pot plant.
Indian Yellow (Beaton). This is a well-known
free-floweringfor one year. A. H.
with a shade of
kind, of a peculiar shade of colour
cerise,
[In your case we would take a foot oft the end of the Vine,
There is no Geranium
constant in its blooming, top-dressthe surface of the soil with rich material, place threemore
orange.
and no garden should be without it.
shoot round
or
four sticks in the pot,and bend the cane
or
Grace Holmes.
than the last ; free- them.
Somewhat
more
and
orange
This will cause
the buds to break more
regularly,
the
flowers
and
of
dwarf
but
similar
a
are
too
blooming,
habit,
thin out if you like ; for if all the buds break,and they
you can
in form to the old Spread Eagle.
Vine
show
than
the
have been well ripened,more
Grapes
pot
Comet
(W. Paul). A strong-growingorange, with a large can bring to perfection
with the best treatment.]
in pots, and would be very
truss;very free-bloomingin autumn
good as a bedder in largebeds.
GRUB.
ONION
THE
Fame
(W. Pant). Something similar to the above,but I have
is to get some
not sufficiently
My own
practice,which has been sucoessfnl,
proved it.
I next turn to the pink and lilac section.
of the gasworks, thoroughly dry it,
The first I shall
gas lime from the purifiers
the
as
beds as soon
is Eose Eendatler.
the Onion
name
This stillkeeps up its high character
and sow a thin sprinklingover
with me.
theii appearance, and then give a second
Large truss, free-blooming. A lightrose pink, and
young Onions make
"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

the same
sort when
they have attained the thickness
crow's quil). I found if I deterred the first dusting too
"long I did not save my crop. T. G.

"dustingof
of

their

or

359

GAKDENEB.

COTTAGE

AND

HOETICULTUBE

OP

JOURNAL

9, 1871. ]

November

tato-growers
all others.Potwo pointswhich, above
be ; for the
to know ? And
so it must
eaters want
the most
these varietiesis an idea from which even
of the
tater-eater" might well recoil. As the names

the
productiveness
"

and

tastingall

task of

"

"

determined

gard
shall say nothingwith reof them
to their collections; but this I will say, That if any one
the
table than
Lapstone,
produce a better Potato for a gentleman's

been recorded,I
have already
prizewinners

SEEDLING
The
two seedling Fuchsias
"extremelyuseful to us at this
before it expands, and this

FUCHSIAS.
of

send

I
The

which

blooms

can
are

I will eat

dish of

it,peelsand

all.

is very large
collection for those who wished to know the
But a most interesting
valuable for cut
them
renders
and
of the best (aye,and worst too) varieties
names
appearance
I think
are.
of
Messrs.
that
the
Carter, of Holborn, who had arranged
of
was
most
Begonias
as
iBowers in the same
grown,
way
ties,
to very neatlyin small mahogany traysa collection of nearlysixtyvarieto look more
were
it would
be well it raisers of Fuchsias
who
and
had, moreover, given an impetus to Potato-growersby
the sepalsin their improvements. The red Fuchsia has very
noble tuber." It may
for collections of the
special
p
rizes
in
offering
even
desirable
plant
"dark leaves,and altogetherit is a
of their exhibits in two tables,
be interesting,
then, to givethe names
last year, and the two sent
"oliage. I raised a large number
notes as
such special
the Kidneysand the Rounds, afterwards giving
all that I thought worth keeping." H. K.
-were
which
not
season.

drop

"

may

necessary,

seem

in the former

classingall

Potatoes

are

which must be
"c.
admire
the red-sepalledvariety,
much
shaped,such asPaterson's Victoria,
round, and yet not true kidneykind with pale
ROUND.
as a conservatory plant. The
KIDNEY.
very ornamental
29. Dunnett's Early Round.
sirable 1. Gloucestershire Kidney.
sepals,though not a florist's flower,also appears to be very de30. Fortyfold.
2. Carter's Ashtop Fluke.
Eds.]
for furnishingcut flowers and for vases.
31. Miniature Dwarf.
3. Norfolk Champion.
32. Scotch Regents.
4. Paterson's Victoria.
33. Climax
5. Early Rose.
34. American
Red.
WONDERFUL.
STRAWBERRY
6. Wood's Seedling.
35. Goldfinder.
7. Webb's Kidney.
It may interest you to see different varieties of Strawberries
36 Walker's Regent.
Flube.
8. Common
small dish of
37. Sovereign of England,
I have forwarded
a
9. Early Giant Kings.
"bearingin the autumn.
S8. Dalmahoys.
Kidney.
Wonderful
gathered this afternoon (Nov.2ad),from asix-year- 10. Belgian Prolific.
39. Early Goodrich.
11. Hyatt's
"old bed in a very exposed situation,
within half a mile of, and
40. Peerless.
12. Belvoir Kidney.
41. The Qufen.
nearly on a level with,the highestland in the county. I think
13. Old Asbleal.
*41. Scotch Dons.
14. Cornish Kidney.
it deserves
as
"the merit of this varietyis not so well understood
42. Paterson's R"?gent.
of the Potatoes.
15.
King
With
me
to be.
it has been first-rate ; for the last twelve
43. Princess's
Favourite.
16. Cook's Kidney.
failed to bear a good crop, except in 1867,
44. Striped Don.
jears it has never
17. Negro.
45. Early Shaw.
"when the frost killed nine-tenths
the 2l3t
18. King of the Eadies.
on
of the blossom
46. Regents.
19. Milky White.
"and 22ad of May.
Rock.
47. White
20. Torquay Lapstone.
I have tried Wonderful
in a rich heavy soil,and it will not
48. Carter's Champion.
21. Jacksou's Improved Ashleaf.
49. York Regent.
40 except in a very hot dry season,
but on my lightsandy soil
Flukes.
22. American
50. Red-skinned
Flourball.
23. Cambridgeshire Kidney.
It is of small growth, and is
it appears to be quite at home.
51. Carter's Main
Crop.
24. Pheasant-eye.
find.
When
it first began to
'the heaviest cropper that I can
53. American
White.
25. Green's Late Kidney.
show signsof bearing in the autumn
of 1862, justafter we had
53. Bovinia (cattle).
26. Prince
Imperial.
27. Rivers' Royal Ashleaf.
"finished gatheringdry weather set in,and the plantsall became

[We

"

"

brown

Ashleaf.

28. Red

for four weeks,

so
they could be ; they remained
*28. Prince of Wales.
rain,and they cheered up and soon began to blossom,
of these I have alreadyexpressed
Of many
; there are a
my opinion
which theydid very freely. I quite expected it would injure
Carter's Main
few more
to be noted.
Crop (51)is the handsomest
"them for the next year's crop, but it did not in the least,for
and without
I
have
smooth
as
a
cricket-ball,
Potato
ever
seen
red
;
that season
we
gathered 520 quarts from nine poles of ground. the least hoUowness of eye no waste whatever. As to,its flavour I
The
Princess's
This quite established it in my estimation as worthy of cultivation,
it
is
first-rate.
nothing, but for appearance
know
and it has never
Isaac Ckick, Haughton
Favourite (No.43)is a Danish
tuber, a small round, and is so called
disappointedme.
Princess
of Wales,
much-beloved
because it is the favourite of our
J?ark Gardens,Ampthill.
of our EnglishPotatoes
are
waxy enough for her.
who says that none
of the first quality in size,
[The Strawberries sent were
Prince
(No.26)is a long red kidney,importedfrom France,
Imperial
ful
"colour,and flavour. This testimony to the merits of Wonderwho
have tried it to be very good. StripedDon
and said by many
in a lightsandy soil,on
the highest land in the county,
(No,44)is a cnrious-lookingtuber,white,with red bands across it,
where
it appears quite at home," is very valuable,and will but whether this in any way alters the character of the tuber I know
fine ; and whether, after all,we have a better
readers who
have difficulty
~be acceptableto those of our
in
The Regents were
not.
As to Paterson's
such soils. Eds.]
a crop of Strawberries on
round Potato than a good Regent is questionable.
^getting
Victoria, I cannot alter my opinionof it. I dined the other day with
who
his
enthusiastic
hobby in the
a
friend,an
gardener,
pursues
as

ihen

as

came

"

"

"

"

COVENT

GARDEN

SALESMEN.

midst

-This was
CoRNiCK
action brought at the WestV. Black.
an
C. C. Gor"sninster County Court, on October
24th, by Samuel
nick,market gardener.Mill Hill,Hendon, againstJohn Black,
to
"fruit salesman
recover
a sum
of
at Covent Garden
Market,
from the plaintiff
use
out
"money he had kept back to his own
"

of

greatdifficulties in London,

and

he had

some

of

them,

grown

by a well-known lover and raiser of flowers,and cooked,not in my

and there was
stillthat twang about them I
fashion, but peeledfirst,
frosted
an
as if partially
unpleasant sweetness.
have, always detected,
served
at
I
dined
a
On the followingday
restaurant,where we were
with Regents, and they were
so
good that I began to think I must
the
fit
ones
only
withdraw what I had said about kidney Potatoes being
The Dalmahoys are a kind of earlier Regent,and, as I have
to eat.
Carter's AshtopFluke
{^o.2}is a handsomesaid,very good indeed.
lookingPotato, and as I was lookingat it a gardenersaid to me that
"

first;took some
of sales of goods. The plaintiff
Grapes to the
defendant
far back as April 23rd,1869, and made an agreeas
and a half
"ment for his fruit to be sold on commission
at seven
and good. The Queen
it and found it to be both prolific
he had grown
to the plaintiff
The defendant
the
to return
was
per cent.
(41)is a seedlingfrom Paterson's Victoria,somewhat more round than
he made
"exact amount
of every item, with the exception of
Dwarf
and said to be an improvementupon it. Miniature
that variety,
We
cannot reportthe case
deducting his commission.
fully,
(31)is stated to be a very excellent varietyfor forcing. Early Giant
It was
'but the defendant consented
to a verdict againsthim.
be
valuable
and
a
variety.
stated to
kind,
Kings (9)is a fine-looking
proved that the defendant had not made true accounts, and a
I hope,had
We
have
enough of Potato exhibitions. They
now,
tor 12s. 3d
and lis. costs, the
verdict was entered for plaintiff
interested see the
have served the purpose of lettingthose who are
The
amount
having to pay all his other expenses.
plaintiff
anything better is produced,would it not be
varieties. When
many
"lolaimedwas "12 15s.
(ashas been done, I believe,
well to send it to the Fruit Committee
of getting
But I am myself sceptical
and to let it be cooked?
before),
those
than
varietieswhich
we
better
alreadypossess. Ifoita
anything
CARTER
CO.'S
POTATOES
AT
MESSRS.
"
D., Deal.
verrons.
,

"

SOUTH

Nov.

KENSINGTON."

1st.

CHISWICK.
GREAT
VINERY
AT
THE
some
are
There
good people who have been, clamorous for what
Well,
they called in most euphoniouslanguage a Potato tournament.
Is there any gardener in the British Isles who has not heard
would
in
I
not
had
and
their
as
wish,
euphoniouslanguage
,theyhavjo
and its celebrated vinery? None, I
of Chiswick
there of all shapes something
Potatoes were
Much good may it do them."
"ay,
Stillit is only through the gardening periodicalsthat
think.
kidney,round, pebble;of all colours white",rosy, red, black; of
of the readingpublicare made
numbers
acquainted with places
all possible
names
Premiers, Eegeuts,Prizetakers,Champions,and
and I have therefore no doubt
I know not what ; and yet who was one bit the wiser as to their quality and things which are of interest,
"

"

"

"

JOURNAL

S60

OP

HOETICULTUEB

that many
gardeners will be interested in the aoeompanyiDg
Bkefches of the great -vinery
at Chiswick, and will be able to
idea of what it is like without going to see it.
form seme
It was
built in the year 1840 by Messrs. Bailey,of 272, Holborn, and is in form something like a boat bottom uppermost.
The length is 200 feet,the breadth 25 feet,the height 30 feet.
It is built of iron,having fifteen largeiron girderson each side,
Ventilation is
fastened togetherat top with bolts and screws.
Eecnred by a continuous
lantern at the top with 1-foot aperture,
and fourteen double sets of shutters on each side.
This vinery,as it exists now, is merely a part of what was to

have

been

an

immense

conservatoryand

winter

garden, bat

The

AND

COTTAGE

GAEDENER.

t November

9, 1871.

the design,which

was
to be completed by degrees,was
never
carried out.
We
have consequently but one
wing of a great
building,of which the centre and the other wing are absent.
The part that was
finished was plantedwith a fine collection
of trees and shrubs requiring protection and some
warmth.
These grew and flourished till the
of
year 1857, when, many
them becoming too largefor the place,a change was
necessary ;
it was
decided to convert the
accordingly
conservatoryinto a
vinery,and this idea was ably carried out the followingyear by
the then superintendent,Mr. McEwen.
Almost
able
every obtainvarietyof Grape received a place,half the number altogether
inside,and the other half outside. These all grew, fionrished.

large Vinery at Chiswick.

and proved a complete success.

This state of thingscontinued
till a few years since,when, after several changes, Mr. Barron,

inside border.Vines and all. This was

bad to the extension
was
years ago, and again recourse
the present able superintendent,took into consideration
the
Any sorts which it was desirable
system to fill up vacancies.
of worthless varieties that were
great number
receivingthe to preserve were
graftedon healthy shoots of good varietier,
and attention as the rest and not affordinggood like Frankenthal, and the original
care
stone
same
path was uncovered
results. He graduallyweeded out all the worthless kinds, and
all the way round and the centre nicelygravelled,
at once giving
This extension of branches
replaced them with branches from the reallygood varieties,a clean and finished appearance.
than the G-feet border that had pretherebypractieingthe extension system and thort-spursystem requiredsomething more
viously
Vine.
existed if it was to prove successful for any lengthof
on the same
This was
The border was
therefore extended to more
than doable
time.
well,yet still there was
something else. It was
considered
that the inside Vines did not
its originalwidth with good substantial loam, iSrc.; and the
not without cause
succeed better than those planted outside
hardly so well,and
path that was on a level with the top of the border was taken
at the same
pact.
comtime involved a greatamount
of labour in watering, to the bottom beyond the 15feet width, and thus all was
"c., which the outside Vines did not require. There
ment.
was
Nobly have the Vines repaid for the care and improvetherefore something to be done.
leaders
This year they have made splendidwood, some
What
it? It was
was
to
"

"

"

abolish
done

the
completely

two

362

JOURNAL

HOBTICULTURE

OP

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENEB.

t November

9, 1871.

Hartley, the

rare
Night-floweringCatohfly,Silene nocti- 150 yards of wall ; and the rate we made them at was about
Einunoulus
Between
arvensis.
SundevlaDd
net per day for each man.
one
and Marsden, on the roadside,is found the rather uncommon
As the season
the first blossom
advanced, and as soon
as
Sium
nodiflorum
and Inula dysenteriea,
the Fleabane, said to
began to expand, we pat on onr first set of nets. That was of
be a cure
for dysentery. North
from
and
Tynemoutb,
course
parently
apupon the Apricots; and in order to get tbem protected,
the first part of our
indigenouf, is the common
work was
to place a lot of poles,and fix
Parsiey, and the rare
at Monkseaton.
Other rare
Bushy Red Mint, Mentha gentilis,
them, one
angle of about 65" to the wall ;
every 5 feet,at an
native wild flowers which
be found at South Shields are
these were
the width of the nets, as will be underto answer
stood,
may
to keep them
Pyrethrum maritimnm, Sea Feverfew,and Senebiera Coronopus,
properlyoff the wall; behind, the poles
the common
Wart-Cress.
The
district is rich in botanical
fixed ; then we got on our nets, which we tied breadthwise
were
doubt
to the topmost wire of the trellis,
specimens, and by visitingit at difJerent seasons
no
just under the coping. All
more
could
be
that
gathered.
was
now
many
requiredwas a wooden pin,put in to keep the two
The above notes and description
which were
of the nets together,
not kept in posiare, perhaps,veryuninterest- lower corners
tion
readers of this Journal. Young gardeners,
ing to many practical
by the poles,and the coveringwas complete.
in the majority of instances,do not study our
native wild
We
Peaches
and Apricots covered in this way,
had all our
flowers ; many
of them think it beneath their notice, and of no
and that we had protectedby a
exceptingone wall of the latter,
benefit
to
do
On
the
much
practical
other hand, I think
double ply of herring nets and another of hexagon netting together.
so.
good is to be derived from the study of botany,as exemplifiedin
What
This we tried for comparison with the hay nets.
the collecting
and naming of our native wild flowers.
I have
of covering? From
the trees
of the results of these two modes
traversed hundreds of miles in search of specimens in my
had a
that were
protectedby the herring nets we have scarcely
look
covered by the bay nets
from those that were
spare hours,mostly after six o'clock at night,and I can
crop ; whereas
back as I examine
long and joyous we have gathered an abundant crop ; and we thinned as many
my dried specimens to many
rambles
hill and dale both in England and Scotland. fruit off them
over
These
would
have made
six good crops.
as
to their useful stock of
Toung gardeners would add very much
results speak for themselves,and show the superiority
of the
knowledge and improve their intellectual faculties if,instead of one mode of coveringover the other.
wasting their time in playing cards and dominoes, or in other
On all favourable occasions,
when
thought that we could
we
and perhaps more
questionableamusements, they would invest render any assistance to the blossoms to insure their fertility,
"
"
"in Hooker's
Botany,"or Withering's British Plants," by we lifted the nets up and doubled them back upon the top of
and begin to study the habits of the native wild
there might be some
Macgillivray,
the wall ; and at all times when
danger
flowers,which are " wasting their sweetness " in wild and
let down
from frost they were
again and pinned as before.
luxuriant profusion around
them.
I could have
warmth
nets will be found to husband
These
spent my
considerably at
holiday at North Shields and Tynemoutb, and gone home
least they break the cold winds in a great degree and they
satisfied. I left reluctantly
and went on to Eelso,about ninety admit much
more
lightthan a person would at first imagine.
miles further north, where
I found the corn
To conclude
these notes, I can
crops quite ten
only say that I know of no
days in advance. I was very sorry both to see and hear of the better coveringfor wall trees
exceptingglass than the hay net ;
alarming and wide-spreadattack of the Potato crop, the disease and I should advise all those who requireto put up a temporary
in some
cases
as
75 per cent, of the
being fatal to as much
and who have not alreadyproved its efficacy,
to give
protection,
well-managed gardens in the neighbourMackellar
"crop. There are some
the plan a trial. Robeet
hood
(inThe Gardener).
of Kelso,and also the nurseries of Messrs. Stuart and
Mein, where the best spikes of Gladioli that have ever been
MR.
WILLIAM
BAXTER.
in Scotland are
seen
produced. At the time of my visit the
stand
which
awarded
On November
1st Mr. William
was
first prize at Edinburgh on
the
Baxter,for upwards of thirty
of the Botanic
day was being arranged. J. Douolas.
following
Garden, Oxford, died in the
years Curator
the length of his years
eighty-fourthyear of hia age. From
he was almost unknown
and his long retirement from active life,
PROTECTING
THE
BLOSSOMS
OF
FRUIT
but he was
to the present generation of horticulturists,
one
TREES.
who did good service in his day both to gardeningand British
Ddhing the severe frost last winter,I found considerable diffi- botany. On the latter subjecthe publisheda largeand useful
den
work.
He was
appointed Curator of the Oxford Botanic Garfor the
"cultyto fix upon some
serve
plan that would efiectnally
office he retired twenty years ago in
in 1813, from which
above purpose.
I had previouslyseen the efficacy
of various
kinds of covering; but of all those known
favour of his son, a worthy successor.
During his ouratorship,
to me,
the best
fected
efin conjunctionwith Dr. Daubeny many
seemed
improvements were
to be one
similar to that which I now
mean
to give a
the
him
in
the
of
garden, and these have
"description
by
arrangement
of,and which may be designatedthe hay net.
holder
of
the
office.
the
added
to
the
I mentioned what I wanted
been
Indeed,
by
present
of the most intelligent
to one
Baxters, father and son, are closelybound
men
that the
up with the history
employed in the garden, and he then told me
"wall trees here years ago used to be protectedby a similar
of the 0.iford garden, the oldest botanic garden in the kingdom.
covering; and on inquiryI found that he knew how to proceed (Fora historyof this see vol. xix.,page 124.) It was in Cryptoand
in the matter.
particularly
delighted,
Without
preparationsfor gamio botany that Mr. Baxter more
any delay we made
He
gettinga lot of nets made, and the first thing that we required his knowledge of Mosses and Fungi was
very extensive.
frame in which to make
Societyas long ago as
a
was
them.
This we soon
procured, was elected an Associate of ths Lianean
need
Of his private character we
which
1817.
I can
old-fashioned
say nothing,for we
to an
wooden
bedstead
compare
of Winchester
wrote
without the cross-beams
to Mr. Weaver, gard(ner to the Warden
in the area.
In addition it had a few
and no better eulogium on Mr. Baxter will be recorded
wooden
wards. College,
pins round itfor holding the nets, as will be seen afterletter
from
Mr.
in
this
Weaver's
than is
extract
The size of the frame was
11 feet long by 5 feet

near

flora,as

well

as

"

"

"

"

"

"

broad,

and

"

about 3 feet high,which was

He
of the most
seven
was
one
thought the most convenient.
witli Mr. Baxter
I was
years.
"When the frame was procured,hay-ropes were
of men, and ever readyto giveinformation to anyone
made, fcr that even-tempered
tlie most
modest
and
the most
with
He
unaswaa
material was
great
pleasure.
ready at hand, and fixed upon it. We soon
got
He was
also one of the most
man.
snming of men, and ever the same
a lot of nets
made in one of the garden sheds,where the men
he
assistants
used
of
to
that
abstemious
Hia
never
men.
garden
say
weather.
were
not exposed to the severe
of stimulant liquor
from ono year'send to another,and
In gettingthe ropes laid upon the frame for making onr nets, drank a gallon
but was
known
to go out into company,
never
always at his books,
was
the first one
laid round
the edge outside the pins for a
was
and other duties of the garden. You conld not ask him
specimens,
from one corner
to the
margin ; the next was placeddiagonally,
of a Moss, Lichen, or anythingin the way
anything;about the name
other; then others were laid In the same direction as the latter, of vegetation
he was
but what
ready aucl pleasedto give the required
at about 5 inches apart, till the space on both sides wss
filled information
amiss to him in the
nothing that came
; indeed there was
known
to take an idle
He waa never
Then, again, from the oppositeangle was laid another
up.
way of natural historygenerally.
of knowledge,
in
search
diagonal,taken in and out between the others alreadyfixed, walk, but waa always on duty wherever he went
I wish
the
libraries.
the
to
different
whether
the
or
to
wooc!s,
alter the fashion of wicker-work.
fields,
A correspondingnumber
of
of my once
able to giveyon a good history
I were
good,kind master."
in on each side of the latter tillthe net was
worked
ropes were
"

framed out.
All the ends of these ropes were
fixed to the margin
in due course, and when a tie with tar cord was
given at
each crossingof the ropes, the net was ready for use.

We

made

as

many

nets

in this way

as

protected about

The
SOCIETY.
followingadditional
EoYAL
HoRTicULTDEAL
privilegeis to be accorded in 1872, to the Fellows of this
non-transferable
season
Society"viz.,To receive gratistwo
"

Novembei

9, 1871.]

tickets for the

JOUBNAL

OP

HOETIOULTUEB

International

Exhibitions, admitting their

that the Exhibition is open to the public.
Fellows takingadvantage of their right to purchase two-guinea
informed
that each ticket purchased
trausferable tickets,
are
for "2 2s. carries with it a free ticket for the Exhibition,but
of the person nominated
that the name
to have the use of ench
ticket must be given at the time of issue.

owners

at all times

AND

COTTAGE

GABDENEB.

with tree leaves.

When
placedin a heap they soon heat if they
moist enough, and the vapour given off by tree leaves alone
is harmless.
Hence
their usefulness for mild hotbeds
when
used by themselves,or as a surfacingfrom 9 to 12 inches thick
other fermenting materials,
over
less safe and sweet in the
B. Fish.
vapours they emit.
are

"

WORK
TEMPORARY

HOTBEDS.

These are very useful for shelteringplants taken up from

the flower garden, for strikinglate cuttings,and for forcing

Asparagus, Bhubarb, and Sea-kale. It is expensive to make

hotbed if long dung must be purchased,but where
a slight
even
a little littery
dung can be obtained,together with mowings
from the lawn and fallen tree leaves,there is littledifficulty
in
finding sufficient material. A mixture of grass, leaves,and
litter will afford a good lastingheat, the grass contributingto
thrown
the regular slow decomposition of the straw.
When
together for a few days I often use the mixture at once, and
justas often after it has had one turning; but in the case of
all such temporary beds we want to get the heat under
thing,
someand not allow it to be spent in heatingthe generalatmosphere.
A bed of the above description,
inches
18
to
24
from
deep, would be apt to kill whatever was put on it if growing
freely. For many purposes, therefore,I am quite satisfied if
I can put from 15 to 24 inches of this hot rank mixture
near
the bottom of a bed, and above it from 6 to 12 inches of the
half-rotten dung and leaves,
similar to the above at firstbefore
In this roots and pots can at once
beingthoroughlysweetened.
be set with safety,
and the requiredamount
of heat be obtained.

363

FOR
KITCHEN

THE

"WEEK.

GAKDEN.

Make
in

all possiblespeed while the weather continues favourable

mosphere
cleaning and opening the surface of the soil. The atthen circulate in the soil,
can
and keep it in a healthy
condition for succeeding crops.
This is also the best known

for the eradication of destructive insects and their larvEe.

for every favourable opportunityof hoeing,forking,and
and do not allow weeds and vermin to rob you
ridge-trenching,
of your produce. It is not the quantity
of manure
that always
produces the most abundant
crops, but it is the judicious
in which it is appliedthat will insure the greatestsucmanner
cess.
It is now
time to lift all Cauliflowersshowing heads,
them
with balls of earth and packing them
taking
up carefully
clean straw ready
by the heels in beds,and havingsome
closely
to cover
them in case of frost. All the late Grange's and Snow's
Broccoli,for the winter supply,may be treated in the same
Spring Broccoli may be laid down in the rows where
way.
they have grown, and when planted in very wide rows
they
may be well earthed up to the leaves,when no danger need be
feared from
the most severe
winters.
As Gloie Artichokes require
protectionin the winter months, clear away all the old
stalks and dead leaves,and apply some
litter around the
rough
After the first season,
when
has an old bed to go to, there
one
roots.
Sow Peas and Mazagan Beans, which
succeed best on
is no difficulty
in following
up this system. The safetyconsists
to be made
the side least
on
slightlyraised ridges,the rows
in the surfacingwith the half-decomposedmaterial,
which heats,
exposed. As winter is at hand Jerusalem Artichokes,Beet,
and retains the heat given to it,whilst all unwholesome
steam
Carrots,Scorzonera,and Salsafy,ought to be stored in the
is absorbed
by the under layers. For slighthotbeds, if the
vegetableshed on layersof clean sand. Cut the tops oft neatly
heat declines,
you have only to take oft the surface,stir up the
and closely,
their growing afterwards deteriorates the quality
as
fresh material,and add a littlemore
(whichwill act like fresh of the root. The forcingof Sea-kale and Rhubarb must now
fuel with a breeze),
and cover
again.
be attended to, and where there is a good stock of strongroots
I have had to make hotbeds after turningand re-turningdung
a supply of them
will be easilykept up.
Where
there is room
until it became
reduced in bulk.
sweet, but then it was much
to spare in the Mushroom-house
this forms a very suitable and
For many
years I have wasted the fermenting heat but little,conivenient
for
them.
The
roots
should
be placed
place
forcing
with a fieryheat, and regulatingthe heat by a
using it even
on
a
slightbed of warm
dung, filling
up the spaces between
coveringof partlydecomposed sweet material from an old bed. them with old
mixed from an old
tan, or the soil and manure
A far more
continuous
heat is secured in this way than using
Mushroom
bed, givinga good watering to wash it in amongst
material
turned and
eo
decomposed that it sinks so firmly the roots. The bottom heat should not be allowed to exceed
togetherthat air cannot enter to keep up the combustion ; and
heat is not favourable
70", as too much
to securing strong
in fact,if the air could enter there is nothing to waste
in other
growth, and except for the first crop it may be dispensed with
words to fire or give out heat.
To make
the most
of the heat
Take
of wet days for making fresh
altogether.
advantage
from fermentinganimal
and vegetablematter there must
be a
Mushroom-beds, and clearingout those that are spent; also,
sufficientamount of moisture,and air,as well as warmth in the
collect and
droppings for forming fresh beds, by
prepare
air,to support what we may call a slow regularcombustion, or
spreading them in a shed, and turning them every day unti!
heat from decomposition. For example, a week or so ago the
dried to prevent excessive fermentation
they are sufficiently
Cucumbers
were
taken out from four lightsof framing over
a
after puttingup. Plant Shallots on raised beds, and put plenty
hotbed made in February,
and the plantsturned out in March.
of charcoal or soot in the soil; they will escape the maggot
The sides of the bed were, well decayed, and perfectly
suitable
better by earlyplanting.
for top-dressing
Strawberries,
Asparagus, orfiower beds. This
ERniT
GAKDEN.
portionand all the old surfacingwere
removed, but there was
I would
suggest the present as the most favourable time
in the centre still retainingheat, and eminently
a fine cone
for
a
nd
such
fruit trees as are growing too
lifting
root-pruning
fitted for being mixed with fresh material,and surfacing
beds
is the season
luxuriantlyto produce fruit ; and as the autumn
to help on late cuttings.
borders or renovatingold
generallyfixed upon for making new
This is only one
instance of many
in which it may be seen
that such a rough way of making a bed is not only by far the
ones, I take the present opportunity of reminding those now
about plantingfruit trees of the danger everywhere apparent of
most economical
as
regards material,but also the best mode
borders too deep as well as too rich.
The
border
making
for securinga lastingheat.
When
fermenting material was so
turned and decomposed before being made
into a bed, a bed,if should not be deep 18 inches will be ample. The soil should
be maiden
loam of moderate
made
consistency;no dung whatever
in February and taken out in October,if not lined would
should be used,and the roots should be prevented from passing
have had littleheat left,and could have been cut out with a
spade like so many slices of cheese. For an old bed a spade below the border by a considerable depth of rubble or rough
This border should dip from the
paving stones placedhollow.
would have been almost useless for the centre,a fork was
it,and a goodlyportion,therefore,
after all wall so as to throw off surface rains,and expose it better tO'
necessary to move
the sun.
I would
also make
the border 4 feet in width at
these months, was
in the best condition for use again.
and extend it afterwards as required.
I used to see more
of the doings of amateurs
When
than I first,
means

Watch

"

"

have

seen
lately,I was vexed at the sightof heaps of tan and
fresh tree leaves sweeteninguntil they were
half rotten before
beingconsidered fitfor a hotbed. When tan is brought from the
yard fresh and wet, it is well to throw it in a heap in order
that the superfluousmoisture
it
may drain away, and when
it is used the better. To allow
begins to heat well the sooner
it to heat until it become black is wasteful.
I hardly know
an
instance of the most tender plantbeing injuredby the fumes
of hot tan, however fresh. Such care is even
less necessary

FLOWEE

GAKDEN.

Choice plants in borders intended

to be protectedfor the
winter by slightly
covering their roots,should be seen to at once.
is by no means
Moss, where it can be obtained in thick flakes,
a bad
protectingmaterial ; but unless it can be procured in
of
considerable
it
is
efficient
not
so
pieces
thickness,
or
useful
as
spent tan, coal ashes,or half-decayed
leaves. Also see to
and
such plants as are
getting Fuchsias
usually protected

daring the winter by covering secured againstfrost before it is

HOBTICULTUHE

OF

JODBNAL

364

AND

COTTAGE

[ November

GARDENER.

9, 1871.

late.
Dry fern is an excellent material for covering the Sea-kale roots thicklyin pots and boxes, instead of putting
in a dark place in the Mushroom
house.
at once
in winter, them
By
stems, "3., of plantsthat requirea slightprotection
the pots or boxes if they come
in
the least objectionableas regards colour of the former plan we can move
and is,doubtless,
irregularly.
anything at command
; but it is not easilyprocured in many
ArticlwTces
and
Convolvulus.
White
that
Globe
the
Unfortunately
neighbourhoods,and, probably,the best substitute is straw
has somehow
has been exposed to the weather sufficiently
long to darken its Bindweed
sprung up, and every small portion of
We have commenced
root will grow if let alone.
there is not a
colour.
Choice sorts of Hollyhocks,of which
forkingover
and taking out every visible pieceof the
the ground carefully,
safficient stock, should be taken up, potted,and placed under
glass. These cannot with safetybe trusted to the rigoursof a white roots before we dung the beds,preparatoryto placing a
littlelitter round the stools. This we think necessary to make
aevere
winter,and plants taken up, potted now, and wintered
winters,but are
in a cool house will be exceedingly
useful for furnishingcuttings, all safe. They are hardy enough in common
aud these, if obtained
in
will
make
excellent
likelyto be killed in a very severe one, when the heads may be
early
spring,
the
As
missed.
f
or
When
alterations
Bindweed,
hoeing is necessary
next
season.
in
frequent
are
respects
.plants
hand, push
be done before the shoots
to eradicate it,but this must
them forward with all possibledispatchwhile the weather continues
favourable for out-door operations. Be very careful to are 2 inches long. By thus depriving the plant of its organs
We
and elaboration the root ceases
of respiration
to exist.
.secure
plants against wind, especiallylarge plants, which
found one of the best remedies for this was matting the ground
should never
be left until they are properly
staked or otherwise
shoots
used
in
above
it.
A
of
sent
made
when
for
this
is
that
spring
fast,
piece ground
up
put ofi it frequentlyhappens
the roots get injuredthrough the tops being rocked about by of the Bindweed
by June, so we resolved to let it lie fallow for
the wind.
two or three months.
Get any projectedalterations among
the shrubberies
By the middle of July the ground was
of the climber ; then the short
or
herbaceous borders done in readiness for cleaning covered with strong wreaths
the leaves are down ; also let ground intended to grass from the lawn was brought in every day and placed over
as
3}p as soon
No shoots
5 or 6 inches in thickness.
be planted with Dahlias and Hollyhocks next
be deeply the ground until it was
season
4^renched and ridged up, so as to expose the soil as much
ever
came
through it. The grass remained on the ground until
as
to be
November, and then on digging over not a live root was
possible to the weather, putting in plentyof rotten manure,
found.
We fear the seeds often came
from the rubbish heap
where the Hollyhocks are
to stand,for these
more
especially
There are so many
accounts of the difficulty
tiequirea deep rich soil. It should be oar constant aim to used as manure.
of gettingrid of it,that the above may be interesting.
make
our
gardens look as pretty and livelyas possible,and
We took up our younger Carrots,Beetroot,and Salsafy; the
this can
be done with comparativelylittle trouble or expense,
It is a
housed
than a month
older Carrots were
after the first outlay,
the beds at this season
more
of the
ago.
by filling
mistake to keep them in the ground until they begin to form
that is, those beds
specimens of shrubs
year with dwarf
remain too long when
fresh fibres,
and also to let them
worms
which are not planted with bulbs or sown
with hardy annuals.
We
also took up
some
As many
of and other vermin
disfigurethem.
to see large masses
employers have an objection
wise
We likebeds lying bare six or seven
months
out of the twelve,I think
Turnips to prevent their growing largerand spongy.
too

"

"

stirred the ground amongst all growing crops.

objectioncould be easilyremoved
by filling
up the beds
the residence with Lanrnstinus, Aucuba
japonica,green
FRUIT
DEPARTMENT.
Eerberis
dron,
RhododenvariegatedHolly,Arbutus,
(evergreen).
Had our Raspberriesicleaned
and tied ; the canes
are
strong,
and Box.
Those
at a greater distance might be filled
but not so well ripened as we wish to see them.
Rough-pruned
with Portugal and common
Liurel,Arbor- Vita, Pnillyrea,
"o.,
of bush trees,and went along the Strawberry rows,
a number
distinct kind.
In removing them
fillingeach bed with one
of the dressingpreviouslyapplied close to the
packing some
from
their winter to their summer
quarters,plant them in prepared
Even
this
and buds, and leavinga littleridge between.
beds in the reserve
garden, and by regularlypruning plants
the most
from
to protect them
slight elevation does much
back the summer
growth of some, and pinching ofi the ends
the
berries
Strawwinds.
Collected litter to throw over
pots of
of shoots of others,compact dwarf shrubs will be obtained,cutting
aa
out of doors if a sharp frostynight should come,
in readiness for another winter.
much
more
roots in pots are
easily
injuredthan those in the
AND
GEEENHOUBE
CONSERVATORY.
ground, or if the pots are plunged.
The summer-flowering twiners,which usuallyget unsightly
DEPARTMENT.
ORNAMENTAL
at this season, should be out back somewhat
should
as
freely,
No weather could be better for transplanting. Most plants
The slight
aay others that will bear that kind of treatment.
and
of bloom in the flower garden.
still
fresh,
plenty
are
carry
shade which
to plantsunderneath
they aiJord in the summer
Lintbem, it need scarcelybe stated,is not now
required. Give air The Colens ceased to be ornamental ten days ago; Iresine
bination
freelyon all favourable occasions, but guard againstdamp by deni has only begun to drop its leaves,and therefore for compurposes, owing to its hardiness, it will snit better
using gentlefires. Let pot specimens in bloom be frequently
less trouble, as it is of little
the most
so
as
to make
of them, for the finest than the Colens,and cost much
re-arranged,
We shall take up a
when
plants become too familiar to be interesting
allowed to use turning out small plants of Colens.
wish
which
number
we
to keep before the frosty
of
plants
remain too long in one place.
nights come, and these we shall be sure to have before long.
COLD
PITS.
and other plants
of Geraniums
We generallypack a number
If not already done, get straw
shutters,or whatever else it
them at night with
thicklytogetherin a heap, aud then cover
to use
for coveringsfor these,repaired and
may be intended
In answer
to
find time to look them over.
litter until we can
this

uear

and

put in readiness for

without delay. Straw shutters if well

use
somewhat
are
expensive in the first instance,but they
to be the most efficient of any kind of
considered by many
coveringin use, and, taking into consideration the time they

made
are

last,they are perhaps as cheap as any. Expose the stock here

freelyto air on every favourable opportunity,so as to check
growth and get the wood firm,in which state the plantswill
be less liable to suffer from the confinement
which may soon
be necessary
than if kept close,with too much
warmth
and
moisture.
Very little water will be requiredat the roots, but
look over
the stock every few days. Withhold
water until it is
absolutelynecessary, and then give a moderate soaking, the
W. Keane.
only safe method of watering at this season.
"

we
depend chieflyfor Scarlet
inquiries,
may say that we
small cuttingstaken off in September, and kept
Geraniums
on
thicklyin boxes all the winter,but we generallytake up a few
These we usnallytreat
of the strong old plants from the beds.
First we pot some
of the best plantsseparately,
in three ways.
be crammed
into,take
using as small pots as the roots can
of the largerleaves,water,
nothing off the plants but some
the
with
and place the pots in a mild bottom
heat,
tops cool.
some

become
well-established plants. Others we deprive
These soon
of all the largerleaves and the rather soft pointsof the shoots,
The third plan is
and pack the roots rather thickly
in boxes.
6 or 7 inches from the
to cut or snag-in the head all ronnd
head
ground, so that the
may resemble a double deer's antlers
in miniature
not a leaf is left. The
out ends are generally
dipped in powdered lime, and then the roots are packed as
firmlyas they can be squeezed togetherin boxes or largepots,
the snagged stems only being exposed. The plants are well
watered,and when settled a surfacingof the driest earth is put
frost
on, and the plantswill be safe all the winter wherever
does not reach them.
Light is of little importance until the
heads begin to break in spring. This is by far the best plan
and wish to make
for those who have little room
a flower
"

DOINGS

OF
KITCHEN

THE

LAST

WEEK.

GARDEN.

We
and Sea- kale in the Mushroom
have placed Rhubarb
Sea kale out of doors we
house, where it will soon come
on.
have cleaned,and covered the crowns
to keep them from vermin ;
a littlesalt sprinkledround
but not on
the crowns,
will keep
slags,"a., at bay. At this season
aud earlier we
often place

OF

JOURNAL

9, 1871. 1

November

AND

HORTICULTURE

flower well. A 12-inch

snoh plants generally
as
pot will contain from twelve to eighteen large plantsif they
such storages will yieldno
Of course
are
pruned-in as above.

garden gay,

For these there must be little pruninR,

80" to 90"
little help at the roots ; even
water at from
the
fresh
free
will help
rooting.
chief work
Tbe
of the week has been looking after bulbs,
and fresh-surfacing
plants; giving a little freah rich
potting,
"c. ; and dividing
dressingto Euphorbias, Jasticias,B^^gonias,
in winter.
gratification
and

and

pottingMosses

TO

and

Ferns.

"

R. F.

CORRESPONDENTS.

*
"We requestthat
*_";;

no

will write

one

to
privately

any

of the

Journal of Horticulture,
of the
Cottage
correspondents
By doing so they
Gardener, and Country Gentleman.'*
All
and
trouble
to
are
expense.
subjected unjustifiable
*'

should therefore be addressed

communications
solely to
The Editors of the Journal of Horticulture, tf'C,
171, Fleet
London, E,G.
Street,
will not mix up on the
also request that correspondents
to Gardening and those on
sheet
same
relating
questions
if they expect to get them
Poultry and Bee subjects,
but write them
on
answered
promptlyand conveniently,
than
Also never
to send more
separatecommunications.

We

two

K.B.

"

three

at
questions
must
Many questions
or

once.

remain

unanswered

until

next

week.
Books
(J.C. JT.)."Thompson's
"d-snera'Dictionary," Johnson's

"

"Gardener's
Science and

Aasistant," " Cottage GarPractice of Gardening."

will be

an

(J. W.). Messrs. Bradbury

"

There
Directory
(T. Clap/iaTTi)."
Horticultural Directory " for 1872.

Horticultural

oJ the

"

Newton's

"Chrysanthemum"
price sixpence, we believe.

"

edition

Evans;

Tarious
(D. M.)." We do not know anything about the dictionary you
mention.
Write to its publishers." The Botanical Magazine " has such
brasilThe Blechnum
"coloured plates and descriptions as you mention.
without
of heat, but we
iense
would
want
suffer from
cannot be sure
knowing how you cultivate it.
Agaricus
cnould.

procerus

27. 0.)."Take
(J".

up the spawn

and place it in leaf

COTTAGE

36a

GARDENER,

Forwarding
Heat
Dwarf
Runner
Kidney
Beans
and
in
(F. R.)."
in a frame,
be sown
rather thickly in boxes or pans, grown
may
aod transplanted, after the weather
has become
hardened
well off",
warm,
in earlier than
to a. sheltered situation.
Thus
treated they will come
tho?e sown
in the open
ground, but the produce is not so great. Peas
but it is well to
be treated iu the same
for the firstearly crop may
way,
them
sow
in pots or on narrow
stripsof reversed turf,and plant out with
the ball or turf entire. Keep the plants from becoming drawn, and harden
well off before planting out,affurdinga slightprotection for a few days
after planting out.

They

Tree
Walnut
Thriving
not
(S. R.)." We should allow the bayband to
it in spring ; if kept moist it would
during the winter, and renew
old lime rubbish
materially assist the flow of the sap. We would mix some
as
with the soil about the roots,and then give the top-dressingof manure
you propose, leaving it on throughout the summer.
remain

Scohzonera
and
Sandringham
Cabbage
Management
(A Reader)."
Take up the roots now, cut off the tops half an
inch above the crown,
and store the roots in sand in a shed or cellar. They may
be boiled like
Parsnips, and, served with whit*:)sauce, are by many much esteemed. For
next year's supply you must
seeds about the middle of April. The
sow
not
be cut off until
Sprouting Cabbage should
tops of Sandringham
of fine sprouts
about February, and then they will produce a number
throughout the spring. You may cut the tops now, and tha sprouts will
of the flower is Colchicum
forward
more
come
quickly. The name
autumnale.
Thistles
the land thoroughly not
Drain
(fT. Jlf.)."
that drops iu the
8 feet 6 inches deep, and with a spud" one
salt on its withdrawal
grub them up at the close of May or
early iu June, and again in August.
Exterminating

less than
hole some

"

Trelliswork
(H. M. S.)."There are very few evergreen
climbers that are suitable for trellises in garden
indeed, there are none
For the
but the Ivies ; Cotoueaster
microphylla will, however, do.
Poa nemoralis
sempervirens and Festuca duriuscula are the most
avenue,
most
Mosses would grow
suitable. We could not say what, but consider
Mosses
(with the exception of
well,there being stooe and moisture.
Selaginellas)are not included in the category of cultivated plants.
Plants

for

"

Exhibition
in March
Hyacinths
for
{Old Subscriber). Pot them now
in 6 inch pots, draiu well,using a compost of two parts medium-textured
half a part of
loam, onfe part old cow
dung or well-decayed manure,
charcoal in pieces about the size of a pea, and half a part of silver sand.
Place them
in a cool house
or
cold frame, and if in a cool house they will
refuse.
with cocoa-nut
do beneath
the stage or shelves,just covered over
Being in a moist state they will not require any water, but the soil must
then
be
There
remain
and
should
a
be kept moist.
they may
month,
than
the glass,with a temperature of not more
placed on a shelf near
ary,
4^^ from fire heat, and this should be continued up to the close of Janufor a few
when they should have 45^ from fire heat, and with 5" more
in at the time required. Weak
weeks they will come
liquidmanure
may
be given after the spike is clear of the leaves.
"

frame is not suitable,

Geraniums
(Somerset). A two-light
The shelves over
be kept out, the plants suffer from
damp
without
and warmth
light
dresser, we think, will be too warm,
late
The
It is, however, far better than a cold frame.
is ruinous.
without
Harden
and dry
the hotbed.
would
have been better
cuttings
JiuasERYMEN
SENDING
Trees
ORDERED
NOT
(J. H. B.)." Wo need not
frost in the lightestplace you have.
safe from
them off,and keep them
lash nurserymen
chaser's Take
who venture to do this,for the remedy is in the purmost of the
up the old plants ; do not cut them back, but remove
having
own
Send back the trees,and the nurseryman,
power.
dry and safe from frost The stable loft is of no
leaves,and keep them
"to pay the carriage,will not repeat the unwarrantable
practice.
then
it
would
answer
unless
frost
from
the
can
plants,
use
keep
you
Fungus
delicious variety of
and
pack them in boxes in dry soil,not
(G. 8.). Your Fungas is a common
very well for the old plants. You can
in a hotbed
about
until spring,potting and placing them
Agaricus campestris. The true A. Georgei isa white-spored Agaric withwater them
-ORt a ring,which
March.
comes
up only (about St. George's day) in the spring.
The
Horse
to as
Mushroom
is frequently referred
(Agaricus arvensis)
Just
loosen
the
soil
tween
beSoil
W.
L.)."
Shallow
in
(J.
Strawberries
A. Georgii. It is often difficultto distinguish it from the true Mushroom,
and cover
at once
with well-decayed manure,
mulch
the rows,
and it is almost as good for the table.
advise
of the litteryportion. We
would
mulching the newlywith some
Climbers
It will keep the roots all right for the winter.
not
Thriving
{Novice)." We think the most likely cause
planted Strawberries.
is the raised banker
Kjf the climbers not thriving against your house
Brachysema
Drummondi
and
splendens
(Idem). They
Tacsonia
a
so
terrace, which is undoubtedly dry, and may bs rendered
more
by
and
the Brachysema
Tacsonia
flowers in summer,
scarlet flowers. The
have
able
houses have, and which is wholly unsuitprojecting
roof, such as many
to May.
March
from
Keep the former dry in winter, and topfor climbers.
If there is not a roof of this kind, we would take out
The
dress the whole of the border in February with rich compost.
plant
the soil to a distance of a yard from the bailding and 2 feet deeo, and
will put out side shoots another season, and tbe Brachysema you may
fillnp with rich loam, the top 2 or 3 inches from a pasture beiog preferred.
elegans has deep rose or red flowers,produced
stop. The Habrothamnus
This soil should be chopped up iu rather small pieces, adding one-third
and
give liquid manure
and spring. Water freelyin summer,
in autumn
lime
of leaf soil or well-decayed manure,
some
rubbish, or one-sixth of
occasionally.
sharp sand. Put in the soil rather firmly,and elevate itfrom 6 to 9 inches
The Escallonia requires a
Plants
North
Porch
Subscriber)."
for
(A
above the surrounding level. You will have a border a yard wide, which
but Cotoneaster
of nothing tbat would
answer
know
south aspect. We
we
would keep as a flower border for a time, and that will enable you to
microphylla or the Ivies ; Rsegner's is very suitable.
manure
in summer,
the climbers
them
and when
in autumn, to water
Glass (C. E. W. C.)." It will peel off in time, or
Paint from
they aro well established you can turf-up. Wistaria sinensis and Magnolia
Removing
have
with cloths dipped in a hot solution of soft soap, 8 ozs.
on
the south aspect; and if you
be removed
grandifloraought to succeed
may
clean the glass with spirits
room
add Jaaminum
to the gallon,kept on until they are cool. Then
grandiflorum, Ceanothus
azureus, C. floribundus,
Escallonia macrantha, and Garrya elliptica.On the east have Cydonia
painters ought to have removed, it
of turpentine and dry cloths. The
taegus
Crajaponica, Jasrainum
and
Cotoneaater
the
after
rain.
nudiflorum,
microphylla.
Pyracantha ought to thrive, and Virginian Creeper will be sure to
Fruit
Trees
(F. J.)." It is easy to a practised eye to tell a Pear on the
succeed, but we should not like to plant it until we had given the others a
Quince from one on the Pear stock, and if you know one you will be able
trial.
good
The copse you are stubbing-up, and which you intend to sow
can
only tell you that the bark of the
to tell the other easily,but we
down
for pasture, should be well worked
and
cleaned, and do not sow
that of the Quince, and the stock
smooth than
Pear stock is much
more
ontil the beginning of April,when you may put in a lightcrop of Oats or
thickness with the graft or scion, whilst of the
generally of an even
Barley.
Quince the bark is often rough or knotted, and the stock generally
after they are
to keep trees
Growing
Bulbs
Pots for
Beds
The best way
in
(Violet)."Yovl may grow in pots smaller than the scion.
all the bulbs and roots which
namely. Hyacinths, Tulips, received,if tbe weather is not frosty, is in the soil until they can be
you name"
the
left
ing
coverin
are
best
packages,
weather
in
they
but
Anemones, Ranunculus, Jonquils,Narcissus, and Crocuses, sinking the
frosty
planted ;
There
will be no necessity to pot the Hyacinths
l)ots below the rims.
them well with straw until the frost is past. To guard against damp
and
you safely can, tiltingthe lightsso
Crocuses, and we should leave them and the Narcissus in the ground.
best plan is to give air whenever
your
for
there would be much
use
When
in any other
off the rain.
We do not think
so treated they do better than
Take them
as to throw
way.
up
the offsets,and replant. Pot three
second or third year, remove
In collectingleaves for leaf soil pilethem in a heap, leave them
the lime.
every
them
Ranunculuses
Anemone
They
in a 6-inch pot, one
in a 4i-inchpot, and two
for six months, then turn
over, and again in three months.
The
not turned.
top
"Jonquilsin a 4J-inch pot. You may sink the pots at the required place, will decompose more
quickly than if they were
the soil is a good rich rather
and when
the flowering is over, you can then remove
of an old pasture where
them, and again
2 or 3 inches
and
months
then
for
six
downwards
chopped
side
laid
plunge them in an open situation until the growth is complete. The
lightloam,
up grass
of leaf soil,forms an
or
a third
Tulips may be potted singly in 4^-inch
pots, and the pots plunged, taking
up, adding a fourth of rotten manure,
the pot-rims, therefore the
over
excellent compost for bedding plants.
up after flowering. The roots will come
rims should be covered about an inch. You canput in the beddingplants
We
think your large flue ought to be ample for all
Stove
(C/mrc/tiZi)-"
between the rows
of Hyacinths, "c.
heat at the coldest end, a
more
the heat you require ; but if you want
suit your
and
TaANSPAEENT
au
Cbab {F. P.)." The fruit makes
an excellent Apple jam.
stove of iron lined with fire-brick would
purpose,
Wintering

Hoe {J, W. E.)."We have no doubt this tool, described

page 323,is to be purchased. Why not write to Mr, W. W. Glenny,
a directed stamped envelope for a reply ?
"closing
Wheeled

on

en-

"

as, if frost

the

"

"

JOURNAL

366

OF

AND

HORTICULTURE

Amott's brick stove stillbetter,but witb snch a flue round the bouse
we
should consider any stove quite unnecessary.
Heating
Hot
Water
with
(A. B. C). We should deceive you if we
said you could beat your new
house, whicb you say is 10 feet below the
top of the boiler. If it bad been all that higher, it would have been
sort of boiler,or a conical or saddle-back, or even
diflferent. The same
a
much
orchard house, as you do not want
heat.
flue,would do for the new
have no
laitb in the present boiler doing the work, owing to the
We
level.
"

Greenhouse
Heating
a
(G. A. H,). We can hardly see how a gas
stove placed in your dwelling house, supplied with a boiler and pipes,
to escape
ever,
should allow gas fumes
among
your plants. These things,howand
We have no faith in the close
all require care
management.
allude
the fuel is prepared. Amongst
stoves you
to, in whatever
way
but
such a stove
plants in large open balls the matter is quite different,
a
2-inch
would do well enough if lined witb fire-brick inside, and if even
off the products of combustion
used
to carry
through the roof.
pipe were
A small iron stove, say a foot or 15 inches square,
lined with fire-brick at
the fireplace,
would
be the simplest for such a house, but a little care is
wanted to avoid dust inside the house, by damping the ashes before taking
them
out of the stove.
If in such small houses a stove of this description
could
be placed close to a wall,or a brick stove 3 feet square
and 30 inches
high should be so placed as to be fed and attended to from the outside,all
dust
and
An evaporating-pan
smoke
when
lighting would be avoided.
all such
small houses
For
on
the top would
give moisture enough.
We judge it will require
nothing will equal a small stove for economy.
and
about one-third of the fuel of a furnace
flue,and from one-sixth to
one-eighth of what would be wanted
by hot water.
"

COTTAGE

J November

GARDENER.

and desire more

height, you may raise the wall
place 6-inch board ventilators most of the way.
would be easilymanaged.

9, 1871.

9 to 13 inches, and
These, being on pivots,

from

Heating

a Vinery
Greenhouse
and
(T.)."Your simplest plan would
to have heated the two houses by a boiler placed behind where
houses meet.
could bring
By sinking the boiler sufficiently
you
the flow and return pipe beneath
the pathway, and then
raise it In the
A T-flow pipe would
house.
enable you to take a flow pipe into each
of pipes you
house, joined then to the number
might think proper, by
syphon joints. A socket valve on each of these flow pipes would enable
you to regulate the heat in the vinery and the greenhouse at will,and to
In the
give heat to one and keep the beat from the other as desirable.
for your boiler at the end
of the range you must
position you propose
heat the vinery before you
heat the greenhouse at any time, and you
can
must
have the circulation complete in the vinery. Having secured
that
take
circulation you could
one
pipi joined to a two-pipe syphon, with a
valve to regulate the circulation,in the greenhouse. Were
we
obliged towould
have the boiler where
we
have two
flow pipes from
you
propose,
for the vinery,and
the boiler,one in the usual way
the other a 1 or 2-inch
strong pipe passing through the vinery, with a valve or tap, and joined
to the flow pipes in the other house by cap joints. All the returns
would

have
the

been

two

join.

LiLiUM
aukatum
Treatment
in a resting state
(W. K.)." As it is now
have no
water than will be sufficient to keep the soil
more
Turn
the
moist, and if not already potted we should pot it at once.
soil as you
without injuras much
can
ing
plant out of the pot, and remove
the roots.
As the bulbs are
small, 7-inch pots will be sufficiently
large. Drain them well,and use a compost of two parts lightturfy loam,
one
part sandy peat, and one part leaf soil or old cow dung, with a free
Grapes
[A.".)." Your Black Ham burghs are producing abortive berries,
of sharp sand.
of the bulb may
admixture
Pot so that the crown
be about
and
this is,doubtless,caused
by the roots being in a border which is
shoot
a
an
inch below the rim of the pot, and when
the plant has made
cold."
The only remedy is to drain the border,
very damp, low, and
safe
with
rich compost.
the
a few inches
high
plants
top-dress
Keep
the
and renQw
sodden.
Vines will do with any
soil if it has become
from frost,and the soil only just moist, but when
the plant is growing
quantity of water so long as it is not stagnant.
freelyand flowering water copiously. It cannot have too lightor airy a
Pruning
Peach
Trees, Ac. (J.H, S.)," All anperfluons shoots should
position.
it should

*'

Peach
be removed
and the other young
trees in summer,
from your
shoots which
will carry the fruit next year should be trained-in to the
of the sun, and
it will
wall. This will expose
the fruit to the influence
not only be more
hipbly coloured, but of better quality. It is not the
of blight on
black ant which
is the cause
trees,but
your orchard-honee
the
is most
aphis, which
effectuallydestroyed by fumigating with
tobacco
pound,
comof Gishurst
smoke.
Washing the trees with a solution
3 028. to the gallon,will also destroy them.

Hollt
{E. Woollen). We have seen others with marbled,
when
propagated from and cultivated in other soils and
the variegationgradually departed. If yours remains permanent
it will be a desirable variety.

Variegated

"

leaves, but
seasons,

Emigration
(A Gardener). We cannot venture
of our readers may
be able to answer
your query
of Australia for a gardener to emigrate to ? "
"

"

*'

Some
to advise you.
is the best part
Which

by all
{A Subscriber)."V\b.uX Mill Hill Hamburgh
well,the berries are large,round, and equal in quality
to Black Hamburgh.
Black
on
Inarch Golden
Champion
Hamburgh.
When
it is the best white Grape for a cool house.
well grown
We would

Mould
Potting
from
The mould
for
{Groomhridgc\
vegetable matter as Pea haulm. Cabbage stalks, Ac, mixed
as a compost for potting,
good to mix with other materials
be thoroughly decomposed.
We prefer leaf soil.
but it must
AlsoHardiness
Richardia
of
(Calla) .ethiopioa, Dicksonia, and
Richardia
iA Subscriber), The
thrives in a tank in the greenphila
house,
loam
in the
of light. Place
but it should have abundance
some
the roots.
It does better wiih us as a
tank, and put a few stones over
antarctica and
Dicksonia
aquatic treatment.
pot plant, and without
and
frost
from which
Alsophila australis,succeed in a house
sqaarrosa,

substitute Madresfield

is excluded.

Wall
Fruit
Trees
would not occupy
for
a South
(Gicuum)." We
well
wall
a south wall with a Morello
on
a
Cherry, as this tree succeeds
with a north aspect, or planted in the open ground as pyramids. Plant a
Louise
Pear.
You can
Moorpark Apricot and a Marie
purchase standardtrained trees with clean stems
of 6 feet in the nurseries
at
; plant them
once.

Vegetable

"

decomposed

with

lime

is

"

Planting

means

Vineet

; it colours

Court

Black

for Mrs.

Muscat

Pince.

Li9T OF
Fruit
Trees
(T.)."A wall facing the east is not a good
trees.
You do not say how
and Nectarine
position for Peach
many
varieties you
require. Pcac/ies." Early York, Boyal George, Stirling
Rivera's
Nectarines.
Violette Hative.
Castle, and
Orange, Elruge,
Violette Hative, and Pine Apple. Peaj-s." Jargonelle, Madame
Treyve,
Marie
Lonise, Beurre
Hardy, Gansel's Bergamot, Beurre
Bosc, (jIou
Golden
Easter Beurre, and Bergamotte Esperen. Gooseberries.
Mor(;eau,
monger
IronGreen
or
Drop, Green Gage, Pitmaston
Gage. Red Champagne
Girl,Crown
(ofScotland),Yellow Champagne, Whitesmith, Broom
White
Bob, and
Dutch, Knight's Early Bed,
Warrington. Currants."
Red
Dutch, and Victoria.
Raspberries, Red Antwerp, Fastolf, and
Yellow Antwerp.
"

"

of these not flowering

Flowering
not
{J.F. B.). The cause
distance
from
the glass. We would
the want of light,andtbe
to have them
potted, and after being established a year we
would turn them out of doors early in July in front of a south wall, and
until the close of September.
not house them
Keep them dry during the
think
the stems
to shrivel. We
winter, but not so much
so as to cause
they will flower in the following April. For growing beneath Vines you
might have Camellias, Azaleas, and variegated-leavedBegonias ; indeed
plants, placing
might succeed with most
greenhouse softwooded
you
them out of doors in summer.
Cactuses

is

no

advise

"

doubt

you

celona
Names
Fruits
of
{J. Taylor)." 1, Flower of Kent; 2, Cellini ; S, Bar6, Nonpareil; 7, Carol's Seedling;
Pearmain; 4, Red Wine:
of Glamis ; 11, Northern
Greening; 12, Pearson's
Plate;
10, Tower
Clair(Mr"i.Miller). The large Pear is Beurre
IS,Achan; 14, Dunmore.
White
Doyenne.
geau, and the two smaller ones
leaves.
Plants
Names
of
(C. F.). We succeed in identifying your
and
buted
No. 1 belongs to Bauhinia
widely distriL., a well-known
purpurea,
plant in India ; No. 2,a young spray of Eucalyptus obliqua,L'Ber.y
Peaches
Camellias
and
Vines
under
(A Young Essayist)."We do
abundant
in Victoria
of the Stringy-bark trees of Australian
coloniata,
one
If
not think Peach
in pots will succeed
in such
trees
position.
you
of New
Zealand.
a native
and
Tasmania, but not, as you suppose,
wish to give them a trial,
the glass as po"sible,and
get the trees as near
virgatum, native of India,
{Camjee)." The Strawberry Spinach, Blitum
train your Vine rods up at a distance
would
of 5 feet apart. Camellias
rosa-sineneis,var. grandiflorus.
Persia,and the East. [J. S.)-" Hibiscus
do pretty well in the shade, but we think it would
be more
profitableas
{Centurion)."In all probabilityyour plant is Calandrinia umbellata, but
well as more
satiefactoryif you were to sacrifice the Peach trees.
doubt
to the genus,
but
have
as
We
no
not absolutely certain.
are
we
Utilising
a Large
House
(X. Y. Z.).""or such a bouse so wide and
of the species. (O.
sure
specimen is scarcely sufficient to make
your
advise
lofty,and 820 feet long, we would
heating" not a tenth, but a fifth, Davies). l,Nephrolepis exaltata; 2, Polypodiumcambricum
; 8, A variety
or
a third,as
valuable.
In this we
the heated portion will be the most
hispidulum; 5, Selaginella
of Polysticbum aculeatum
; 4, Adiantum
berries
would
plant Vines, and have tables for plants and shelves for StrawBrauniana
{S. pubescens of gardens ij 6, Pteris crenata
; 7, Microlepia
Dwarf
Part next this,a cool house, we would
or
Kidney Beans.
is quite correctlynamed
Hyponovte-zelandiffi. {A. E. A.). Your Fern
and
plant with Vines of the hardier kinds, as Black
Hamburgh
Royal
afford it protection against cold, as it
You
certainlymust
lepis
repens.
The
floor of these
Muscadine, and part with Peaches and Nectarines.
a
Fern is,without
doubt,
of the tropics. (G. Mc^.)." Your
is a native
bouses
with
vegetables in winter, as Cauliflowers, the Hymenophyllum
might be covered
to
have
thought it to be
tunbridgense. You appear
Endive,Lettuces, or great quantities of Violets,Wallflowers,and hardy
the
which it is not ; both are scarce,
H. Wiisoni,
otherwise H. unilaterale,
Primroses
would
best if
if in demand.
We
think such a house
pay
verticillata.
The
Stachvs (No. 1)'
Salvia
latter the more
so.
(A/.H.)." 2,
frost in severe
weather.
used
to keep out
enough of iron piping were
is Stachys recta,I/.,native of central Europe.
[G. B.)."l, Is Asclepiaa
For the part heated, for a 40-feet-wide house, 15 feet at tbe centre, and
in the West
Indies, but very generally cultivated
curassavica, L. Wild
8 feet at the sidep,four pipes, as you propose,
round
two
sides and one
in Jamaica
as
a
as
garden plant all over the civilised world. Known
if you
do not commence
end, will answer
February.
forcing until towards
Wild
2,Is Gomphocarpus
Ipecacuanha, in other places as Swallow-wort.
The house may
be filled with flowering plants all the winter, but until
Asclethe
as
from
Cape of Good Hope; also known
fruticoBUS,R.Br.,
the extra heat is given to the Vines the temperature should not exceed
and best
the oldest
pias fruticosa,or A. salicifolia. Both are among
45^ bv fireheat.
in
of stove
known
plants, but may be placed in a greenhouse when
Small
the circumstances
Pteris
NephroGreenhouse
bloom.
B.
Your
Ferns
a
are"
flabellata;2,
(E. C, Oakham). Under
1,
H^.)."
(T.
lean-to house would
pedata ; 6,
be the most
dium
economical, and with ventilators atthe
japonicum ; 4, Litobrochia
3, Onycbium
fiparsum;
top of the back wall,all the roof might be fixed. A small saddle-back or
Cbeilanthes
lendigera ; 6, Polypodium vulgare. The Lycopods are"
conical boiler would answer,
and
the 4-inch pipes along the front and
(S. pubescens); 3, S. Kraus1, Selaginella Martensii'; 2, S. Brauniana
occidt^ntale.
round
each
end would
be sufficient. For such a house, 'lifeet by 12, we
siana
(S.bortensis). ('".M. Major)." Your Fern is Blechnum
of Nephrowould
prefer a small flue beneath the pathway, and the tup of the flue As to Polypodium dilitatum of Lilbmann, it is a synonym
".
B.)." Tho
would
form
of
at
287.
With
a
half
or
See
(IF.
the
the
Hooker
Filicum,"
part
hip
back, diumeffasum.
Svnopsis
span
pathway.
L.
Spurroy,
have a loftier house
and
command
of light,but
more
(J. W. U)." Common
you would
you
Canary Grass, Phalaris canarieiisis,
would need more
heat. A couple of ventilators in the hip, with an opening
Spergula arvensis.
{An Old Subacriber)."The Spindle Tree, Euouymus
at each end under the apex, would do. If you
decide on a lean-to, europEBus.
(0. IF.)."1, Cupheaplatycentra; 2,Heli^hrysum bracteatum.
"

Inarching
Vines
(B. W. SfanTius),"Black Alicante is a magnificent
Hall. Mrs. Pince's Black
Grape. We would graft or inarch it on Canon
Muscat
stances,
has not the Muacat
flavour fully developed under all circumhave it very fine this year.
It is a good Grape, but
though we
like your Canon
Hall, uncertain.

"

"

"

"

"

'*

November

JOURNAL

9, 1871. J

AND

HORTICULTURE

OF

"Everlasting" of garden borders ; 8, Senecio Cineraria,or

maritima
{3. W. ".)." Campanula
; 4, Agathasa ccelestis.
of Spain.
native
Lceflingii,

the common
Cineraria

POULTRY,

BEE,

AND

LIGHT

CHRONICLE.

PIGEON

was

367

GARDENER.

COTTAGE

the pet of the Show, and wUI,

win more
laurels. Class 12

oyer,

we

are

sure,

the

before

Buff
(Variegated

is

season

Norwich),

was

consideration and
marking showing
good throughout,the even
was
a decided improvementboth in the
very careful breeding. There
of the Crested birds as compared with former
quantityand quality
does
We
were
sorry to see that the Belgianand Lizard fancy
years.
much

in Derby.
to flourisli
not seem
decided on havingclasses open to all England,
Last year the Society
again
the
success
and from
they then met with these prizeswere
102 Norwich
and the result has far exceeded all expectations,
offered,
Lizards
Mules, and
also several entries of Belgians,
;

BKAHMAS.

of this beautiful breed,I beg to

being entered,
Mr. Wright's very interesting
on
two remarks
tions
and the Committee intend stillfurther to extend their sphereof operaI am, comparatively,only
paper in last week's Journal.
in these classes.
and
write
in
Brahma
a
were
beginner as a Light
breeder,
entries ; the prizewinners
there were
young
Of Bantams
twenty-nine
the
of opinion that a poultryshow
hope of gaining information.
Having attended with
in every respect. We
are
perfect
tolerable regularitymany
of the leading shows, I certainly might be successful in connection with this Society.
formed
inare
The
weather was
somewhat
unfortunately
very unfavourable,but we
am
surprised to find that Mr. Wright thinks that
and we
hope
the receipts
were
quiteequal to expectation,
shape and colour can win against size. I am assuming that
will receive more
another year this Society
supportat the hands of the
the clear black-striped
neck and
by " colour,"ia chieflymeant
of the Judgesand the list
last week the names
fancy. We published
Fowl."
saddle hackle,as described in his book, " The Brahma
of awards.
Of late I have begun to think that his descriptionin that
book must be totally
erroneous, for I have constantlyseen prizes
As

be

enthnsiastic admirer

an

allowed

awarded
and with
as

"

one

or

of marking on the saddle,

a vestige
to cocks without
neck hackle that can
described
only be appropriately
For
the
late Cheltenham
Show a
muddy."
example, at

POULTRY,

SOUTHAMPTON

BIRD

pair of Light Brahma

chickens,of almost perfectshape and
markings according to Mr. Wright's standard, were
merely
commended, while the prizeswent to birds with almost white
hackles,but very superiorin size. In fact,my experience so
far shows
that styleand markings have no
chance whatever
against size. Oq what other grounds, I would ask, are threefifths of all the Light Brahma
awarded
to Mr. Pares'a
prizes
birds than their being of superior size ? No one
could maintain
that they excel in style or colour.
I guite agree with
Mr. Wright that the case
of the winning cockerels at Birmingham
last year was an exception,
but, unlike him, I have heard
the award
the
most
bitterly
complained of,on
ground that the
small ; and if my memory
so
does not deceive
prize birds were
that in his opinion one
at
me, your own
reporter mentioned

AND

PIGEON,

SHOW.

has held a very highposition

eleven successive years this Show
the Committee
always paying the utmost attention
publicopinion,
At Southampton
its
attractions.
to
to
add
likely
suggestion
but also for fowls
there are classes not onlyfor exhibition poultry,
of this year's
feature
for
table. Another prominent
ready dressed

FoK

in

to any

meeting has

been

the

excellent collection of Canaries and other song

birds in great varietyand

classes for foreign
whether
strictly
plumage. Consequentlyall visitors,
resplendent
iu a
hours
otherwise,could readilypass many
or
ponltny-breeders
proved
imThis year, by a greatly
and very instructive inspection.
pleasing
birds

combined

with

of

arrangement,the Exhibition was held in a central part of the

doubt the receipts
no
town, and, had the weather been at all favourable,
increased. The largespace available
would have been proportionably
former
in
than
far
better
of
years, and
throughout
display
permitted a
tion,
colleca
trulymagnificent
hi
to the Geese,of which there was
respect

ated
situnot more
comfortably
whether they were
it is questionable
been
it has never
homesteads ; certainly
than at their respective
cockerels should have been in the first
for these birds was
lot to visitany show where the accommodation
second
or
minghamour
place. I think I am
right in saying that the Birpository,
to that afforded at Southampton. The Auction Reat all comparable
cockerel was afterwards exhibited at Spaldfirst-prize
ing,
in which the Show was
held,has one other greatadvantage
and merelycommended
in a small class, the prizes,as
of light
in nearly the whole of the roof beingglass,so that the amount
usual,goingto size.
sent,
extent throughout.At a time like the prevaries only to a trifling
and, in too
in
Now, are we to breed for stripedhackle or for size ? I,tor one,
such
succession,
held
when
are
shows
rapid
poultry
ficiency
a great deshould be glad to know.
So far as my personalpredilections
of all risks,
defiance
simultaneously,
in
nearly
go I
cases,
many
at
nevertheless,
of entries generally
in the number
ensues;
entirelyagree with Mr. Wright's standard of markings, and am
in
former
Spanish
as
entries
numerous
were
as
years.
the
birds I have seen
with
disposedto think that many first-prize
Southampton
to be the case at every
seems
as, unfortunately,
a very small class,
if were
as
nearly white hackles are as deserving of disqualification
much
admired.
the prize
Grey
pens were
they had white legs,but evidentlythe Judges think differently.show duringthis autumn, but
the
feature
of
the
Show, and here Mr.
were
decidedly
strong
Dorldngs
to
Next, as to absolute size. I held my breath when I came
of Peter
of Claines, secured the ten-guineasilver cup, the gift
Martin,
Mr. Wright's statement of cocks of 17 lbs.,
and hens of 12 lbs.
Merrick
Hoare, Esq.,M.P. for Southampton. It is worthyof note
We certainly
are
a
brethren.
long way behind our American
of magnificentsize,
rosy-combed,
that both of Mr. Martin's pens were
I
ask
the purchaser of the AmeMight
rican
here to note that the
through your columns
It may
not be amiss
feather.
and in capital
birds shown
the
last year at Birmingbam (which,
I suppose,
for
backs of the pens
wirework
feature of open
trulyobjectionable
the massive proportions
be accepted as fair specimens,or they would hardly have
for such were
may
began to tellmost unfavourably,
the tailfeathers were
been
sent over, and which
the third prize), of the cup male bird,that at"every movement
gained,I believe,
in the wireto pieces
by continued entanglement
know
to let us
what their weight is now
I do trust that
more
or less rubbed
?
fowls were
other
equallyinjured.
and
not
few
large
a
work
behind,
of these American
be about
monsters
some
startingfor
may
for the best
silver cup, givenby Mrs. Merrick Hoare
the Crystal Palace or Birmingham Shows, and may I be there The ten-guinea
Reds belonging
secured by a grandpen of Brown
pen of Game fowls,was
to see.
OuTis.
the onlyentry
to Mr. Julian,of Hull, and, strange to say, it was
Cochins yiexe
a very heavy competition.
made by their owner
against
in full condition.
ENTRANCE
FEES.
scarcely
mostly good,bat, as a whole, they were
son's
Williamand Mrs.^
of
this
exhibition,
feature
a
Brahmas
were
quite
The
lows
than as folchargefor entries ought to be no more
chickens,if well cared for,are certain to find
Light-coloured
5s. where
:
there are "4, "2, and "1 prizes; 4s. where
the
was
fowls
Of
Fi-ench
display
lists.
in many
other prize
a position
the prizes are "3, "1 10s.,and 10s.
the prizes are
In
; 3s. where
also a very prominentclass.
Bantams were
and Game
excellent,
"2, "1, and 10s. | and 2s. Gd. wher6 the prizesare 30s. 15s.,and
and
a
stood
first,
Silver-laced Sebrights
the Varietyclass for Bantams
10s. I cannot say anything against the Crystal Palace Show,
the natersecond.
Bantams
Among
Cuckoo
of
very well-shown pen
the Committee
as
are
their entry fees fowls,a
Ayrean,
giving so many
of Sebastopol Geese, several pens of Buenos
cups
pen
about right,had theyno subscriptions.John Cockeoft.
are
Carolina,and WhistlingDucks were well worthy of notice.

least of Mr.

Pares's

"

"

"

"

DERBY

CANARY

SHOW.

of October 28th and SOth was the largest

ever
yet held at
and for beautyof plamage,could not
Derby,and the birds,for qnality
deserve greatcredit for the
well have been excelled. The Committee
arrangements,"everyvisitorbeingable to see well,and any bird which
out could be found at once.
wished to single
one
of the
In the classes for birds hatched this year, limited to members
160 entries. As a class the Yellows
much
were
Society,there were
In Buffs we did not notice any great
better in colour than last year.
Mr.
R.
fifteen
The
silver
Henson
with
was
won
points.
by
cup
change.
Yery seldom does one breeder exhibit so many good birds,takingout
of six classes four firstprizes,
one
second,and one third. No. 24
The

Show

AUsopp,
HindUp Hall
2, Mrs.
Putney Heath.
Spinish
"1, H. Brown,
WolT"rhampton.
Worcester,
c, J. F. Si^letoe,Penaelds,
2, J. Smith, =i,iin""
Shilling
and Cup, J. Martin, Claincs, Worcestpr.
DOBKIMGS.-I
c, H. Humphrey
lee Park, Pet-iorth. ftc,W. Peacocke, Efford, LymiDgton.
2, J
Chickens.--l,3. Martin.
Pulboroiigh; J. ChismaB.
Reetory, Ingatestone (2); Sir
Mrs. E. Wheatley, Blackmore
he Mrs
HavneCornwall
;
H.'C.Paulet, Barl., Little TeBtwood, Totton ; W. Treyithick.Hayle,
Bart. ; J.
H. S. Fraser, Headley, Liphook (2). c, Sir H. C. Paulet,
J.Smith;

Jmi'h

Attingtoi,

^"cochins."

Mrs. Allsopp.
1, Cup, and he, J. Sichel, Lark Hill, Timperley. 2.
Market.
2, C. Bloodworth,
Lingwood. Greeting, Needham
Chiclcem."l, Horace
Litigwood ;
he, W. Buroh, Barnacle. Coventry ; Horace
BaT"hill, Cheltenham,
B.S.
J. Long, Plymouth;
.T K
Fowler, Aylesbury ; A. C. Travers. Falmouth;
c, F.
Pemhury. Tonbridge Wells ; Mrs. H. Hozier, Ali-eslord.
S. Woodgate,
Totton.
W.Eust, Hastings; C.F. Wilson, Bartley Manor,
Lmgwood.
2 and
c, Horace
Dnrfc.
BB.1HMAS."
1, W. Dring, Faversham.
he. H. P. Moor. Langley Lodge, Chiprenham.
,
Light" Cm, Mrs. T. Turner, Avon, Ringwood. 2 and lie,J. Pares,
BEJHMiS.
Cfticfte/w."Cup and 2, Mrs. A. William.
S, H. M. Maynard.
Postford, Guildford.
"

"

"

JOURNAL

308

OF

HORTICULTURE

COTTAGE

AND

9, 1871.

[ November

GARDENER.

BKITISH
3, Mrs. T. Turner,
he, H. M, Maynard,
BIRDS.
QneeniborouGh Hall, Leicester.
r/ic and he,O. Nicholson.
Bullfinch."
T. Turner
1, T. WUlsher.
Holme-wood.
; J. M. Rice. Bramber
Ryde ; Mrs.
Rectory, Steynine ;
1. T. Willsher.
Street,
Goldfinch."
T. A. Dean, Marden, Hereford
; M. Lcno. Markvate
; J. Lonf?, f'lvmouth
Linnet."
1,
Wadham,
Southampton,
Malcolm, Totton ; J. R. Wright, Ma.vfic-ld,
c, C. F. "Wils. n : Mrs.
Southampton ;
vhc. D. Amor;
SRYLrtRK."
H. B. Higgs, Soutbamjtcn,
R. B. "Wood. Uttoxeter:
Dr. Cnmkbell, Brentwood.
1, 0- Nicholson,
and
B/acfc and other Ecds.~i
Woodlapk,"
Game,"
i-he,0. Nicholson.
1,H. Jacaway.
dip, H. M. Julian, Hull.
3, H. Gibson,
Blackbird.
Gibson.
Chickens.
Brockenburst.
hc,Vf.'H..Stagg. Netheravon. Amesbury
1, D. C. Amor.
: H.
1
C.
Tbrush."
S.
T.
H.
Sto^\Tiiarket.
Song
Ames,
Samways.
he, S. Matthew,
1,
2,
Burpess, Burleydam.
Any
other
Variety
1, J. T, Tnmer.
Avon, Eingwood
(Raven).
2, R.
c, C. "W. M. Laxton, Nantwich.
Game."
Besseant, Southampton
2, J, Fletcher, Stoneclongh,
(Magpie). 3, T. Willshcr (Yelluwhammerb).
-4n(/other Variety." l,Mrs. S. Matthew.
Manchester.
FOREIGN
BIRDS.
Game."
Coc At rp?s."l and
Cup, T. Bnigess.
2, H. E. Martin, ScuHhorpei
rhe. W. Walter.
Cockatoo."
1, G. W. Jones, Nantwich.
Fakenhnra.
Am/
c. A. Milnes. Rochdale.
he, J. Jeken, Elthain ; S. Matthew,
ampton
Parrots."
viic.Miss L. Standish, South Stoneham, South1,J. S. Harrison,
otlier Variety." Cockerels." 1, Kev. F. Dutton, Windxuah
Vicarage, Burlord.
Santen. Southampton,
he, H. B. Higgs.
; A. Van
2, S. Matthew.
Love
Birds,"
W.
Walter.
1,
Si?!""?'avd Gold-pencilled."
Hambupghs."
1 and Cup. Asbton
" Booth, Brnad1 and
Any
other
Variety.and Coekateals)T?if,W. Walter
(Madagafcar
bottom, Mottram.
Cup, F. Pitlis. Newport, Isle of Wight. 2, N. Barter, Plymouth, 2, E. S. C. Gibson
(Horned Owlj.
S, J. T. Turner
(GiganticKingfisheror
H. Thompson,
Colei-liill, Laughing Jackass).
he, J. King, Oxford; H. Moore,
c, H.
Farringdon. Silver and GQld-s2)an(ilfd."l.'S."Barter. 2,W. A. Tickner, Ipswich.
Edward
Judges,
"Booth
: Mr.
Hewitt,Birmingham ; Kev. G. F"
he, Mrs. Allsopp ; Ashton
; T. Blacliman,Tettenhall, Wolverhampton
;
Mrs. J. Pattison, Doiehester.
Mr. JF.
London.
Birds: Mr. A.
Hodgson.
PoLANDS.1, A. Cruttenden, Brighton. 2, G. W. Boothby, Louth,
he, 0.
London.
Willmore,
Blood worth.
French
VAnrExiES.1, W. Bring, Favereham.
2, G, Mills. Woodville
Hall,
Dover,
J. K. Fowler.
he, J. Sichel ; Rev. N. J. Fidlev. Newbury,
c
HovDANP."
C/NVfcf;is." Cup and
S, W. Dring.
he, J. Sichel;
2, R. B.Wood.
CAGE
NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE
PIGEON
AND
W. Bring ; R. R. Wood
Tippler, Duke's Koxwell, Chelmsford,
; W.
c, Kev. G.
B, Rowland, Pillerton Vicarage, Kincton.
SHOW.
BIRD
Aky
Variety."
fAndactheh
1,J. Watts (Ptarmifran). 2, T. Moore, F-ireham
lusians).
he. Rev. N. J. Ridley (Leghorns) ; T. Norwood.
held their annual
Churchfield, Salisbury
The
Newcastle- on -Tyne
(White Minot'-a). c, T. M. Derry, Gedney (Black Hamburijhs).
'2nd and 3rd,in the
Exhibition
of
and Canaries
November
on
Bantams
he, G. F.
"GnJHe."l,
Cup, "nd 2, Ashley " Maitland, Worcester,
in the Jdngdom
Corn
which is one of Ihe finest
C. Ashworth,
Halifax:
H. C. Pogera, Newport
"Ward, Wrenbury;
Pagnell; W.
H.
B. Jeffries,Ipswich;
chester; for the
Th"
Gi^ieon; W. Adams, Ipswich,
and
e, C. Parsons, DorBOH.

"

"

"

"

'

"

"

A. Dowdall, Southampton.
Bantams..Jny other Variety." I,M. Leno
(Silver-laced). 2, W. W. Boulton,
Beverley (Cuckoo),
he, J. Watts, King's Heath, Birmingham
('2);S. " R
c. J. Bloodwoith.
Ashton, Mottram
; E. Cambridge,
Co'ham, Bristol,
D-DCK3."
White Aylesbury." 1, G. W. Greenhill, Aphford.
2. J. K. Fowler.
G.
W.
Scutt, jun., Maitinstowu, Dorchester;
he,
Stephens. Highraan Green,
Gloucester; J. K. Fowler ; A. Marvin,
Ear)y Wood,
c, Miss F. A. C. Cresswell.
Bagshot.
Ducks."
G. Chase, Titchfield.
ford,
7?(i!(fn."l,
2, H. Dowsttt, Pleshey, Chelmshe, W. Birch ; W. Stephens (2); Mra. E. Wheatley, Blackmore
Rectory,
Ingatestone ; S. H. Stntt.
Ducks."
other Variety." 1. F. Pittis.jun.
.I;iJ/
(Buenos Ayrean). 2, M. Leno.
he, b. Pittis,Jan.; S. " Pi,.Ashton; Mrs. Hayne;
G. S. Sainsbury, Devizes;
J. J. Maiden, Biggleswade
; LL Leno.
Geese.I. J. K. Fowler
de
(Grey). 2, Ladv
Bathe, Chichester
(Sebastopol).
/ic,Mrs. Ford, Shirley,Southampton
(2); "W. Trevithick; H. Yardley, Binningham; Mrs. M. A. Charmbury,
Bathampton.
e, W. Stephen^,
Turkeys."
1, Mrs. J. Mayhew,
Great
Baddow.
2, G. R. Pearson, Witham
Grantham,
N.J. Ridlev; T. Bailey: Mrs.
Common,
he, Rtv
Clav. Fareham.
P. Moore
Selling
Class."
Cocfc or Cockerel.~l,'S.
(Dark Bra'hmas). 2, A.
C. Travers
H. Hnrophrey,
(Grey Dorkings), he, H. M. Mavnard;
Attington.
Pulboroush ; H. P. Moore
Bristol (2).
; Rev. F. Cooper ; B. F. Parrott, Henburv.
H. Sfagg (2); J. Blnodwovth
or
Hens
H. D.
c. W.
PuUits."l,
; C. Bloodworlh.
H. Adney,
Dent, Cosham
(Buff Cochin). 2, J. Chisman
/(C,
(light Brahmas)
Clatford ; W. Walter, Winehester
Goodwonh,
; Lady
Heathcote,
; Mrs. Malcolm
Hursley Park, Winchester
E. J. N. Hawker,
; Mrs.
Wycliffe, Tunbridge Wells.
de Bathe.
; Lady
c, A. C. Travers
Extra
Class.Stoneham,
Southampton
c, H. C. Dear, North
(2).

Pheasants."
Ornauent.u,

1.Lady Heachcote.
Birds."
1, Withheld.

Poultry
Pigeons:

Esqui]ant,

Ornithological
Society
Pigeons
Exchange,
buildings
thoroughlylighted.
purpose,
being very spacious
was
highlysuccessful, thanks to the good management of the
Sees., Messrs. W. K. and H. 0. Blenkinsop.The entries of

Show
Hon.

Pigeons numbered

421

shall

Carrier classes contained

merely notice

The

Pouter

classes

well

were

stood

McGill

Skinner

excellent

some

Messrs.
to last year'sstandard.
Massey exhibited the best birds.

few

of the

other

particulars.
birds,but were hardly

Stretch,Fulton,Waddington,

np

filled.

firstin his class,and

cock from

"White

The

but

and
Mr.

dirty

for being very

Messrs.
as well.
special
prize
probablyhave taken the principal
and Van
Haansbergenshowed good Blacks, which will make
in a better classification. Blacks had to compete_with
Blues,
will afford sepaa greatdrawback, and
we
rate
hope the Society

would
Fnlton

their mark
which was

classes for each

colour

Short-faced Almonds

next year.

comprisedthe

best lot we

have

for

seen

long

birds,and the
time, every pen containingeither one or two first-class
Ooe
whole
deservedlyreceived high commendation.
pair were soli
for "15, and these were
Several of the best birds
not the prize birds.
otherwise
moulting,

were

Balds

Short-faced

head and

beak

or

the awards
Beards were

mighthave been different.

a wretchedly
poor class as far

as

concerned.

were

the Tumhhrs
Mottles, which were

marked

Jones, Southampton.

We

pens.

to the prizelist for

striking
pens, referring

most
The

Amongst
2, G. W.

Cage

of any other varietywere

some
very wellKites
the winners.
Messrs.
Blenkinsop's

also very fine.

In Barhs the only pens worth notice were
Mr. Fulton's pairof Reds
and
one
pair of Blacks, and Mr. Van Haansbergen's two pens of
All these were
Blacks.
superb, and, we doubt not, will be heard of
shows.
again at the forthcoming
served
cla^s.
The
Jacobins were
Yellows well dea magnificent
first-prize

were

PIGEONS.
R. Fulton,Deptford.
2, E
Gregory, Taunton
; A. Heath, Calne.

PonTERS."l,
H.

T.

Dew,

Weston-super-Mare.

hc,G.

c, P. H. Jones, Fulham.
1 and 2 J. Ford,
Tumblers."
he, K. Fulton.
Bares."
I, H. Yardley. 2, H. M. Maynard.
he, R. Fulton (2). c, E. S. C.
Gibson.
Jacobins."
1, G. Eoper. 2. H. M. Mavnard.
/ic.R. Fulton ; H. M. Maynard;
G. South. New
Bond
Street. Lonrton ; H. Yardlev; E. T. Dew.
The
their
very good,
pen of Keds were
Fantaii.s.
St."Loe, Bristol.
], Miss J Millward, Newton
2, H. Yardley^
thinic
but
by several of the other competitors. We
H*
he. A. A. Vander
Meersch, Tooting; H. M. Maynard; J. Walker, Newark;
Jacobins entitled to three classes. The
class for Red or Yellow
tained
conYardley. c, G. H. Gregory; H. M. Maynard.
OwL3."
R.
Fulton.
H.
1,
2,
Yardley.
other colour class ten entries^
twenty-one pens, and the
TuRBiTS.1, R. Fulton.
Jtc,O. E. Creaswoll,Early
2, G. Roper, Croydon.
In
than
and
Tnrbit
classes.
thns
better
the
Sale
any except
Wood, Bagshot; A. A. Vander
'VTeersch ; H. Yardley.
Carriers."
Mr. Van Haansbergen
the other class for Jacobins of any other colour,
1, R. Fulton.
2, H. Yardley. he, F. Morgan, Newport.
Trumpeters
H.
"1, R. Fulton.
Yardley.
2,
and in oor
of Whites
being
swept the board, his two
2. E. T. Dew.
Nuns."
1, J. Watts.
in the Jacobin classes.
to
Dbagoonc*.I and 2. W. Bishop. Dorchester,
he, G. H. Gregory ; H. Allsopp ;
G. South,
H. Jacobs. Sandown,
Isle of Wight.
c. Master
White Fantails were
a
good class,Mr.
pen
Antwebps."
1, H Yardley. 2, H. R. Wright, Birmingham.
and claimed
at "10.
We have seldom seen
better, and of
Any
Variety."
otheb
1, W. Bishop. 2, S. A. Wyllie,East Monlsey.
he,H.

position.
hard-pressed

"

second-prize
Any

paying

esc^uisite,

pairs
anything

opinionequal

Loversidge's

facU.c

princeps,

Yardley (2).
Selling

they

course

Class." 1, H. M.

Maynard.

2, J. D. Blackman.

e, F.

Pittis.jun. colour

(Magpies).
CANARIES.
Norwich."
C?^ar Yellow." l, Adams
" A-hersuch.
2, T. l\rann. Camberwell.
3, J. Mortimer. West
Smithfield, London,
vhc, W. Walter, Winchester
; Enoch
and Chater, Hillfield,Coventrv
" Athersuch.
he. W.
(2); T. Mann
; Adams
Walter
Clear Buff."
Brighton, c, C. " D. Carver, Landport.
; E. W. Luiham,
1 a"jd 2, Enoch
3 and
Moore
" Chater.
C.W.Walter,
vhe. E. W. Luiham:
and Wynne,
" Wynne
" Preen, Coventry.
he. Moore
; J. Mori imer : Smith
Norwich.
Marked
" Athersuch, Spon End,
or
Variegated Yellow."], Adams
Coventrv.
2. W. Barwell " Golby.
vhc, T. Willshcr; J. M.^rtimer; T. Mann.
lie,W. Walter,
Marked
or
Variegated Buff." I and 2,AdHms
c, E. W. Luiham.
and
Athersuch.
" Golby ; E. W. Lu
vhe. W. Walter ; Barwell
3, T. Mann.
ham.
he, J. Mortimer,
" Wynne
c. Moore
(2).
Norwich."
W.
4"y oilier Varlety.-l, E. W. Luiham.
2, J. Mortimer,
u/ic,
" Wynne,
" Wynne,
Walter; W. Barwell
" Golby;
Moore
/ic,Moore
c, W.
Walter ; Moore
" Wvnne
; J. Mortimer.
W.
C^enr
Luiham
Belgian."
Yf-llow.-l,O. Nicholson.
2, T. Moore,
;
vhc,E.
.T. Moore,
Clear Buff."
O. Nicholson.
he, C. " D. Carver,
Walter;
c, W.
land
2, O Nicholson, Landport.
vhc, C."D.
Carver; E. W. Lulhura; J. W.
Savage, Guildford; S. Spinke, Chippenham,
he, W. Walter; W. Andrews,
Landport (2). c, W. Walter.
BELQiaN." v4n7/other Variety."I, 0. Nicholson.
son
vhe, O. Nichol2, T. Moore,
U). c, C. " D. Carver ; O. Nicholson
Strinirer,Rowden. Chippenham.
; W.
IjTZABD.-Golden-npangled. J and 2, Smith " Preen,
rhc. W. C. Selkirk,
DoverO. Nicholson;
T. W.
W.
Fairbrass, St. Dunstan's, Canterbury
(2).
he, O. Nioholson.
2. O. Nicholson.
Silverspanglcd."'i, Rev. V. Ward. Hvihe.
rhe. W. C. Selkirk ; Smith
". Preen,
he, 0. Nicholson
; Rev. V. Ward,
c, T. W,
W. Fairbrass 12).
Ant
other
Variety.
1, O. Nicholson.
2, R. Veitch, Northam. Southampton.
(London Fancy Jonque). vhc, O. Nicholson
^ T. Mann
he, W.
; R. Veitch.
Barwell
" Golby.
Mules
(Any other varietv) I and 2, Enoch
" Chater.
S.J. Baxter, Newcastle-on-Tyne.he, Enoch " Chater (2); E. W. Luiham
; T. Willsher,Chichesttr.

was

took

the

Blue

cup.

Fantails

were

all

good.

No

other

shown.

Id Trumpeters
the first,second,and special
(Mottled),
prizeswere
first. Wo
excellent birds.
In Any other colour excellent Whites were

pairequalto the second-prizo

thoughtMr. Jones's highlycommended
pair. Several other good pens were shown.
entries.
Tnrhits numbered
Several good Shell-crested
thirty-seven
birds

were

shown,

and

we

consider that the

Societyshould

allow

one

"

"

class to shell-crowned and two to

sold for "4.
Bines were

Magpieswere

good

and

birds.
point-headed

The

first-pri;:"

plentiful.

Niuis were
not so much
trimmed as formerly.
a good class,and
The winning Yellows were
very fine.
Some
Oirls were
shown, both Whites and
very prettypens of foreign

English Owls were a mixed lot. Many of the pens were

passedon account of too close alliance to the foreigners. The firstbirds,though we must pny that
prizeWhites were excellent-headed
in EnglishOwls, the prettyBlues and Powder
colour does not please
us
Blues being more
to our liking.
Blues.

Dragoons
rich.

all colours.

"

good Almonds
The

"

The

very good. A pen of rather heavy Reds

of fine Yellows were
also shown.
very good Balds and

were

Several

Common

pair of
were

Red

Mottles

shown, bat

veiy

were

Beards of

fine.
exceptionally

Some

not well matched.

remarkablyprettybirds.
were

class contained
)'arietij
Sellingclasses contained

two

were

pens

Tnmhfcr classes contained

some

birds which

would

have

OF

JOURNAL

370

"which are the offending birds,but

the eggs will have that taste.
now
of castor
doses
oil, each about
it.
hours' interval,will cure

we

can
give you comfort" it is only just
know
two
the hen, then about
table-spoonful,given at twenty-lour

If you
n

COTTAGE

AND

HOETICULTUEE

[parts
fire
a

of lard
to make

and

usually enough

(F. P.). The complaint is a disordered

Livers
Disordered
oil,and
is not so easily given. Change of food, castor
liver,the cure
Put
Baily'spillswill do most good. Give no potato, no Indian corn.
to
in
have
and see
both
the
water
or
drink,
or
they
wormwood,
camphor,
that they roost in a place sheltered from the wind.
TuREEYS'

9, 1871.

This operation should be performed before

flow,and the whole skin should be thoroughly
applications, at intervals of three days, are

sulphur.

the ointment
Four

saturated.

[ November

GARDENER.

or

to

five

the

cure

disease.

The

skin

should

well washed

be

each time

"

be
may
bowels

Turkey
Feeding
Duck's
Legs
(B. C.)."We fear your
or
internal disease
The paralysis arises from
is in bad case.
Duck
It will be
believe it to be incurable.
external injury. In either case we
to kill it,as it will certainlydie a lingering and painful death.
a kindness
than
boas or
treatment
to medical
amenable
Ducks
are
hardly more
the
a
who fancied calomel was
We know
cobras.
very intelligentman
his experiment on a Duck and a
right thing for poultry,and commenced
had a little leaning to homoeopathy, and began with the
He
hen.
He gradually increased the dose till the Duck
smallest possible doses.
took three table- spoonfuls, and the henpecked it as fast as she could, and
Turkeys do well on.
our
experimentalist could not see any effect.
ground oats,with a small quantity of beans and peas ground with them,
and mixed with milk.
They should be shut in a small place where they
roost comfortably, and should have their food in a trough, but only as
can
It should be fresh mixed
much
morning and
as they will eat at a meal.
The
Turkeys are crammed, but that is
evening
very heaviest London
Paralysed"

for ordinary purposes.

necessary
You should have removed the tumour
Removing
a Tumour
(Q. R. If.)."
It will
It must
be taken off at once.
before it became
so large as it is.
is not attached to the breastbone
be a trifling
operation if the tumour
that when
will probably fall out.
so
trifling,
you open the skin the tumour
be cut off with a very sharp knife or
If it is attached to the bone it must
will require to be sewn
There are two
skins which
up
pair of scissors.
separately,and each suture should be well rubbed over with grease. The
bird will suffer very
little. Your feeding is bad without
being cheap.
costs
Light wheat is expensive food. Weight for weight, that which
Indian
ia a favourite food with fowls when
costs less.
corn
more
whole;
they will not eat it ground if they can help it. Boiledpotafoes and boiled
is not
rice are
worse.
Hempseed
good, being too heating. Feed on
We
have
doubt
no
ground oats,whole Indian corn, and table scraps.
and insufficient food.
arises
or
from weakness
the tumour
excrescence
It is possiblethat with feeding such as we prescribe he might weigh less,
He would
be as the trained 10-stone
but he would look and show more.
is compared to the heavy, sleepy,spiritless
who from sheer fat
man
man,
or
5
stone
one
can
4
We
know
who
more.
no
weighs
perform the operation

before the ointment

is applied. In a very severe
of iodide of mercury
rubbed
bled,and the ointment
with castor oil."
being kept open, if necessary,

Grape

Wine

if undisturbed

added

checks

the dog
case
in,the dog's

{J.M. K.)."We do not think it will ferment excessively

and if you did not put yeast into the must.
A little brandy
fermentation.
We will give further information
next week

METEOROLOGICAL
Camden

OBSERVATIONS.

Square,

London.

Lat. 51" 32' 40" N. ; Long. 0" 8' 0" W.

; Altitude

111

feet.

not

"

for you.
Moulting
Hastening
a Pigeon's
(E. J. S".).-Put your bird by itself
in a warm
in a clean pen
place" for instance, a harness-room, or any
and dry building,and if it be cold, where there is a
south-fronted, warm,
it on
After this treatment be
fire. Feed
wheat
and hempseed mixed.
send
it to the show
in a doubly-warm basket, one
very careful that you
other material
inside the wicker, or it would
or
be sure to
having canvas

get

cold.

Bar

Hives

(BartoiiJoyce), The
"

usual

method

adopted in

into bar or frame hives,is to hive the swarm

first into
the bees
straw
as
are
hive. As soon
properly settled,or in
the
out on
cloth and
a
the evening of the same
day, they are knocked
is to remove
A better way
the
box set over them resting on two sticks.
a

a swarm

common

all in place, and the bees furnished

see that the frames
are
with bits of worker-comb
for guide, then take the straw hive containing
the two
hands
the bees, and with a sharp concussion
between
dislodge
peating
the bees
the cluster so as to cause
to fall on the very top of the bars, rethe blows
until all are
fallen.
Some of the bees will pour out
between
the bars at
will go down
the sides of the box, and
over
many
ter
With a small sheet of zinc,or a spoon, thovel those bees that clusonce.
the majority have
out over
the back on the top of the bars, and when
take the cover, and placing it on the extreme
edge of the back
gone down
it on over
of the hive, gradually press
the top,keeping it flat on the box.
find their way
in at the enThose
bees that are left outside will soon
trance.
the swarm
has settled in the
This is all best done
as
soon
as
straw hive.

top board;

Saddle

oe

weight of

an

minus

day, clear and bright throughout.

cloudy but dry day.
A very bright morning, cloudy at noon
and so continued, but fair
3rd.
and pleasant.
4th. Alternate sunshine and cloud with a littlerain,but on the whole a
pleasflntday.
5th. Very fine day though cold and wintry; stars bright at night.
6th.
Strong white frost ; fine morning, but rather hazy after.
7th. Foggy all day and occasionally dark, but clearer in the evening.
week
with
A dull November
easterlywind, but damp atmosphere and
Slight frost in the air only on one day, Monday tlie8th.
fallingbarometer.
"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

G. J. Symons.

COVENT

the

Berkshire

"
Hive.
Can
or
Berkshire
"

empty saddle
super?" J. H."

readers
any of our
hive" that is,of the

give the
store-box

Bees
Feeding
(Idem). If your hive is stillso empty of honey, after all
see
any honey sealed-up or glisteningin the
your feeding,that you cannot
cells,you will have to feed probably all through the winter. But
open
would
advise
to lose no
we
time, and feed diligently every day
you
is fine and
that the weather
and the bees abroad.
still,
Stop feeding
when the weather
is cold, and resume
again on the return of mild open
weather.
Sugar-candy has been found a good food for bees, but it is
We
usually made of loaf-sugar. We have no experience of the brown.
should thrust it in at the entrance
rather than is the supers, taking care
that it goes rightinto the hive below the combs.

GARDEN

so

firm

Bees
Sugar
Syrup
for
and
Barley
(E. S. ST.)."The syrup is best
made of three parts of sugar to two parts of water by weight. Boil a few
cool it should be of the consistency of thla but not
minutes ; when
too
Should
it have been boiled too long and become
watery honey.
thick, a littlewater can be added to thin it. Recipe for barley sugar as
to B Iba. of refined sugar a pint and
food for bees:" Add
a
quarter of
water, boil it quickly till it becomes very thick. Pour it on to a marble
slab, or on to shallow dish slightly oiled or rubbed with butter ; and
when it begins to harden at the edges form it into sticks,lozenges, or
balls,or any other shapes at pleasure.

Mange
"There
varieties of skin disease to which
are miny
{Blackpool).
dogs are liable. If it ia that caused by an insect,then, as described
by
Mr. lleyrick, ''the hair comes
off in large patches, principallyon the
back and neck
and round
the eyes ; in some
the dog becomea
cases
almost
bare. The skin is dry, hot, wrinkled, and
scaly. The appetite
generally continues good, but there is a great deal of thirst and some
fever.
The dog is continually scratching himself, and rubbing against
the furniture if he is kept in the house.
The old-fashioned
sulphur
treatment, if properly followed,is generally specific. Give small doses
of sulphur (fivegrains) three times a-day, and rub into the skin equal

Novbmbbb

B.

isieve

Apples

0
doz.
lb. 0
Cherries
bushel
10
Chestnuts
0
Currants
i sieve
do.
0
Black
doz.
0
FigB
lb. 0
Filberts
lb. 0
Cobs
lb. 2
Grapes, Hothouse....
quart 0
Gooseberries
8
Lemons
^100
each
2
Melons

Apricots

d.
s. d
0to4
0
0
0 0
0
0 0
0 20 0
0
0
0
0
0 0
0
0 0
6
10
6
10
0
GO
0
0 Q
0 12 0
0
5 0

Mulberries
Nectarines

lb.
doz.

Oranges

^100

Peaches

doz.
doz.
doz.
lb.

Pears, kitchen
dessert

Pine Apples
Plums

^ sieve

Raspberries

lb.
lb.
doz.
buBhel
10

Strawberries

Quinces
Walnuts
ditto

^100

VEGETABLES.

"

MARKET."

the fine weather

of the past week, we are not able
In rough produce trade has been heavy the
market.
and
considerable
last few
a
quantity has gone over from day to
days,
dessert
Importations have also been large. Good
day.
Apples are
are
sufficient for the trade,comprising Marie Louise, Glou
scarce
; Pears
Leon
Leclerc, Beurre Diel, and others. Dealers in
Morijeau, Van Mons
Potatoes report that crops are heavy, and that a large proportion of them
afi'ectedwith the blight.
districts,
is,in some
Notwithstanding

to report

Stocking

shaking

REMARKS.
A very lovely autumn

1st
2nd.

Artichokes
Asparagus
Beans, Kidney

doz.

1^100.

d.
B.
ItoO
0
0

Leeks
Lettuce
Mushrooms
" CrosB.
Mustard
Onions

* sieve
bushel
Broad
doz.
Beet, Red
bundle
Broccoli
Brussels
Sprouts. .i sieve
doz.
Cabbage

Coleworts..
Cucumbers

pickUng
Endive
Fennel
Garlic
Herbs
Horaeradish

Parsnips

doz.

Peaa
Potatoes

bunch

Carrots
Cauliflower

bushel

quart
sieve

Parsley

"^400

Capbicums
Celery

pickUng

bunch
doz.

pottle
.punnet

quart

bushel
do.
Kidney
Badishes.. doz. bunches
Rhubarb
bundle
doz.
Savoys
Sea-kale
basket
Shallots
lb.
bushel
Spinach
Tomatoes
doz.
bunch
Turnips
doz.
Vegetable Marrows

doz.

bundle
doz. bunches
each
doz.
doz.
bunch
lb.
bunch
bundle

8.
POTJLTRT
MARKET."
NoTEllBER
We
are
tolerablywell supplied, W" have not a great demand, nor is
there any glut. The prices are quite equal to those usually made at this
time
of year.
d.
s,
6 to 4
2
6
3
19-20
0
0
6
16
2
2
6
3

8.

Larpe Fowls
Smaller
Chickens
Gceso
Ducks

ditto

Pheasants

d,
0
0

s, d,

Pigeons

Rabbits
Wildditto
Hares

Partridges

OrooBO

0
16

StoO

9
0

8
10
1
"

e,

d
9

1 ,5
0

10

2
3

November

jouenaij

16,1871.1

hoetiodltukb

VEGETABLES."

OF

SUCCESSIONS

of

No.

3.

and

gardener.

cottage

371

loth ; it is the hardiest. Sow March 5th and 20th,April 5th and
5th and 20th, June 5th and 20th.
RoyalDwarf. Productive and dwarf. 1 foot. Sow November 10th,
February 15th,March 5th and 20th, April5th and 20th,May 5th and
20th,Jane 5th and 20th,

20th,May
that my papers on
been informed
for succession were
acceptableto a
largenumber of the readers of tliisJournal,
to the conclusion that to make
I have come
kitchen
similar remarks on all the remaining
garden crops would be serviceable. With
this in view, I purpose to go through the
and Peas having
whole list of vegetables,
tion
headed the list,
I will next turn my attento Beans.

AVING
Peas

BEOAD

BEANS.

"

1 foot apart,and a pintof

in rows
These may be sown
will be sufiBcient
at the times named
of the kinds sown
for a garden of half an acre ; I consider Beck's Gem the
For a gardenof
best,but half a pintof each may be sown.
of an acre, half a pintof one of the kinds, sown
one-eighth
of dwarf
at the times stated,will be ample. In the case
seed is required
Beans, as in that of dwarf Peas, more
than of the largerkinds, A quartof Beans will sow a row
one

of 75

hardiest and earliest. Sow

5th to 10th, December
10th,and February 15th. All these
made
on
a warm
border,one with a south aspectif
sowingsshould be
and in lightsoil. Draw the soU to the plantswhen theyare
possible,
above ground. Sow also March
10th.
fairly
than
productive
EarlyLongpod. Height3 feet. Largerand more
feet. The

EarlyMazagan. Height2i
"

or
feet,

25

yards.

"

the preceding,
but not so hardy,nor
so
early. Sow February15th
and March 10th.
MacMe's
3
Monarch
Longpod. Height feet. Fine both as regards
and quality.Sow March 10th and 25th, April10th
productiveness
and 25th,May 10th and 25th,June 10th and 25th, and July5th.
Broad
Windsor.
Height 3 feet. Beans large, of good flavour.
Productive. Sow March 10th and 25th, April10th and 25th,May iOth
and 25th,June 10th and 25th, and July 5th.
Green
Longpod,or Genoa. Height 3 feet. Productive,and said
to be valued for its green colour when
cooked, but I have not known
for these green Beans,
10th and 25th,
Sow March
any greatdemand
10th
and
10th
and
25th,May
25th,June 10th and 25th.
April
Sow
March
Green Windsor.
Height 3 feet. Large and green.
10th and 25th,April10th and 25th, May 10th and 25th, June 10th
and 25th.
"

"

"

"

KIDNEY

DWARF

November

Sir

Sion House, or
whether forced
Sow April15th

BEANS,

an
improvedEarlyForcing,
evidently
best of all for early
with me
Six Weeks,
crops,
in the open
or
ground. Height1 foot to 15 inches.
warm
border.May 1st and 15th, June 1st and
on
a

JosephPaxton.

This

"

is
and

15th,and July 1st and 15th in a sheltered situation.

Dark Dun, or Liver-coloured. 1 foot 6 inches to 2 feet. Very
prolific.Sow May 1st and 20th, Jane 10th and 25th, and July10th,
"

in

sheltered situation,

Sow May Ist and

2 feet. Very prolific.
25th,and July10th in a sheltered situation.
is sufficient
at the times named
Half a pintof each sown
of an acre let
for a garden of two acres ; whilst for one
the first two sowings and last be of Sir Joseph Paxton
For half
and Negro as specified,
omittingDark Dun.
let the first and last sowing be of Sir Joseph
an
acre
cluding
Paxton, and every alternate one of Negro, but also in-

NegroLongpodded. IJ to
"

20th,June

10th and

the first.

a
The
first and last sowings cannot have too warm
sufficient
varieties,
for these ; but rich deep loam
a pint of each
seeding for a
being situation. Lightsoil is best
be
is best for the successional sowings. The rows
may
at a time,exceptthe firstsowing of the kinds named
sown
when
for late autumn
and first springsowings,which should be 2 feet apart,and the plants should be earthed-up
have
inches high. In dry weather they cannot
quartsowings. For a garden of about two acres the first about 2
too much
manure
water, and liquid
may be givenbetween
four kinds are recommended, the firstsowings up to and
must
be always gathered
as they
inclusive of the first March
sowingbeing of a quarteach ; the rows ; but the pods
Half a pintof KidiieyBeans will sow
afterwards sow pints. If green Beans
are
wanted, then become fitfor use.
25 yardslong.
a row
of those named
instead of Monarch
one
or
may be sown
from the earlypart
Dwarf
Kidney Beans are in season
Windsor, only the green sorts are not nearly so good.
of July to October or November, accordingto the time at
For a garden of three-quarters
of an acre
to an acre take
which frost occurs.
the first-named three,and if a green one be required,
sow
the Green Longpod occasionally
BEANS.
ing
KIDNEY
along with Monarch, sowRUNNING
TALL
OR
half the quantityof the latter variety.
Sow May 1st to
the best for general
Scarlet." Vei-yprolific,
crop.
For the first sowings lightand moderatelyrich soil is loth,and June 1st.
Scarlet Runner,
of
the
variety
A
most suitable,
Carter's Champion.
but for the March sowings and afterwards a
strong-growing
Sow May 1st and June Ist.
with much finer pods,very prolific.
good,rich,strongloam is best. The rows should be 2 feet
Beans succeed best in rich,deep,lightsoil,
The Runner
apart,and the plants earthed-upwhen about 2 inches
6 feet apart,and the seeds
in rows
high. Cut off the tops just level with the bloom on the and should be sown
to be produced at a considerable disstems, for it ceases
tance about 4 inches apart. Good stakes should be driven into
from the top,and for the earlycrops cut over after a
the ground at a foot apart,and so as to be not less than
early produceit is
foot of flower-stem is secured.
6 feet above ground. To encourage
otherwise I do not advise
well to top the shoots at 1 foot,
Broad Beans north of the Hnmber
into use about
come
the middle of June and continue until November.
stopping.Water abundantly in dry weather after the
into flower,and liquid
manure
For small gardens,or wherever space is a consideration,
may
plants have come
i
be given once
a- week.
it may be advisable to s6w the dwarf kinds.
advantageously
One quartof each sort is sufficientfor a gardenof two
Beck's Gem.
It is early,
but
Height1 foot. Dwarf and prolific.

Here

we

have

fortysowingsof
gardenof four acres,

six

"

"

'""'

"

not

so

earlyas

the

Mazagan,of which

Ko, 6S5,"Vol. XXI" Nzv

Sebiss.

few should be

sown

November

acres, and half that

for one
quantity

acre.

ScarletRunners

No. 1207." Vol. XLVI,. Old

Series.

are

OF

JOUENAL

372

in

frost.
"

the earlypart of Jaly until

from

season

HOETICULTUBE

destroyedby

G, Abbey.
SELECT

ROSES.

firstEose amateurs
not a grower for exhibition
to
only,although the winner of many prizes has asked me
list
of
the
best
I cannot
twelve Eases.
a
the
Journal
to
send
have
but comply with this request. The task,however, would
been less restricted,
the
been easier had the number
or had
distinct intimation as to
requestbeen accompanied by a more
One

of

our

the point of view from which the flower is regarded. It is well

knot7n that the best showBoses
are not always the best for the
and the best for
garden or for purposes of generaldecoration,
bition.
garden or house decoration are not always the best for exhiThe grower who enjoyshis Eoses on the tree or when
would
not attain his end in
out and placed evenly in vases,
the most complete manner
by choosing the best show Eoses.
I shall therefore give my opinion of a separatedozen first-class
flowers from each point of view ; and as the growers for garden
for
than the growers
decoration are more
numerous
or house
that list would seem
to claim the precedence.
fairly
exhibition,
First class Bases

for Garden

or

House

Decoration,

of Edinburgh. Fine in colour.

late.
Elizabetli Vigneron. Blooms abundantly
Jules Margottin.Very fioriferous.
and
sweet.
La France.
Free, fine,
very
Mdlle. Eugenie Verdier.
Fine, but sometimes rough.
Duke

"

"

"

"

"

Alfredde Eougemont. Good white.

Victor Verdier.
Alwaysgood.
Good and distinct.
Monsienr Neman.
Princess Christian.
Very floriferonsand fine.
Madame
Falcot. Free and fine.
Madame

"

Madame

"

"

"

"

of Oxford.

Countess

Gloire de

COTTAGE

[ NovembEr

GAEDENEK.

16, 1871.

love for Tea-scented

in my list
Eoses, but have not put more
because
they are not hardy enough for out-of-door culture in
all places. I believe,
however, that some varieties of this group
will prove
recently introduced
grand acquisitionsboth for
generaldecoration and for exhibition ; while clearer in colour

"

"

Twelve

AND

"

Loses

shape;

littleearly.

Dijon.
First-class Hoses

Twelve

for Exhibition.

Alfred Colomh.
Madame

la Baronne

Madame

Vidot.

"

de Eothschild.

Uncertain,bnt often the best white Eose.

Marie Baumann.
Perfection de Lyon.
Charles Lefehvre.

"

Uncertain,hut grandwhen managed.

Pierre Notting. Uncertain,hut

Louis Van Houtte.
"

and

more
constant in shape than Gloire de Dijon,they grow
and promise to be as hardy as that grand old Eose.
vigorously,
Waltham,
W. Paul, Paul's Nurseries,
Cross,N.
"

GRAPE

VINE

FOR

TABLE

DECORATION.

In order to

of dinner-table decorations one

provide a variety
is compelled to exercise some
must
judgment, and, therefore,
pass out of the beaten track in order to produce something
and if not altogetherstriking,
pleasing,
it is the more
ciated.
appreI will not trouble your readers with
amble,
any lengthy prebecause what I am
about to describe is by no means
but
has
been practisedfor many
novel,
years ; so a review
of the past is only to act as a
refresher."
I shall,
therefore,
proceed to explainhow a young healthyTine loaded with fruit
may be prepared so as to be suitable for the decoration of the
"

dinner-table.
Select a fruitful Tine, from
in

12

an
eye the previousyear, grown
14-inch pot in the ordinary
way for forcing. Place
late vinerywhere
a
it will have plentyof Ught

or

the Tine in
draw

the

through the hole of a 7-inch pot,and allow the

the surface of the soil in which the Tine is
grown.
Then fillthe 7-inch 4)ot with light,
which
rich,and open soil,
will become
filled with roots in the course
of two or three
months.
The
uppermost
pot must be watered as occasion
cane

pot to rest

on

requires.
I have grown three Tinea this
year for the purpose described,
each Tine carrying on
an
eight bunches of fair size
average
and quality.I used the first about the middle of September.
When
requiredfor use a strong knife is thrust between the
The 7-inch
upper and lower pot,severingthe Tine at its base.
pot will then be found to be crammed
with roots, which are
with frequentwaterings(Iset my pots in pans
quite sufiicient,
filledwith
to keep the Tine always fresh.
A neat stake
water),
about 18 inches in length,or 2 feet if found more
convenient,

should

grandwhen managed.

Marquisde Castellaue.
Devoniensis.
Marechal Niel.
Souvenir d'Elise Vardon.

now
be inserted in the centre of the pot,and the Tine
coiled round
the stake,making it fast with neat
carefully
ties of matting. A more
not
pleasingobjectthan such a Tine canwell be imagined,its bunches of black fruit hanging gracefully
down amidst a profusionof green foliage. I may add that
I use only black Grapes, as theyhave,I think,a better appearance
than
when
light-coloured ones
placed on the table.
J. Gardner, The Gardens,EUham
Hall.

then

"

In the first place let me

Now for a few general remarks.
from the above
say that it is by painful effart I have excluded
Eoses.
It is only in degree
lists so many
and
valuable
good
less painfulthan it would be to set down a list of one's twelve
when there were
hundreds
best friends,
or
scores
never
tered
encounwithout feelingthe pulse quicken and the heart grow
hundreds
or
lighter. Twelve Eoses ! when there are scores
light
which one cannot regard otherwise than with unqualifieddeThen
have
colour.
The
one
!
in
white
must
variety
Boaes are the weakest, but we must have some,
and can
only
have the best. The crimson Eoses are the strongest,
and some
better Eoses
than the white ones
of that colour omitted
are
included ; but we
have too many
not
must
of that colour.
in one
mate,
cliFurther,certain varieties thrive better in one soil,
than
under one
in or under
or
system of management
influence
The
Boses
flower
another.
too,
greatly. A
seasons,
is often of a lower quality
that is fine in a cool cloudy summer
With
in a warm
Louis
Tan
me
sunny one, and vice versa.

SANTOLINA

INCANA.

endorse
remarks
this plant (see
Mr. Luckhurst'a
on
in respectto its being very easilygrown and useful
page 313),
that
old subjects
It is one of the many
for bedding purposes.
have been brought into more
general use during the last few
years. We have used it for edging purposes for several seasons,
Its being quite
and it has been admired
by many persons.
I

CiN

is a recommendation, as we have alreadyquiteenough

of tender subjectsto propagate.
I have found the best way of growing Santolina incana to be
dibblinginthe cuttingsabout an inch apart in a Calceolaria
frame during the first week of September. The Calceolarias
are
usuallytaken out in the second week of March and planted

hardy

in Celerytrenches.
time and planted
The Santolina can
be moved
at the aame
Houtte, although not a very strong grower, grows well enough
and is a good hardy Eose, producing an
abundance
of fine in the positionit is intended to occupy in the flower garden.
that with them
of my friends tell me
it is It will bear cuttingwith the shears very well,and for edgings
flowers,but some
weakly and unsatisfactory.Tastes also differ. I should place that have stood one year and are intended to remain, the best
cut it
Falcot among
the very beat of garden time to cut it back is March
La France and Madame
we
or earlyin April,and
of opinion that in
with the best results. I am
of
hard back
Boses, bnt should hardly include them in a limited number
show
Bases.
My ideal of a show Eose is a smooth
globular positionswhere it does not grow too high to interfere with the
clear in colour,
and of largesize. plants with which
it looks beat not cut the
of good substance,
it is associated,
flower,full,
which we do
La France loses its shape too soon
it has then an ease
and gracefulnesa
to be a safe show flower.
first year
Edouard
Morren
is fine when
Mdlle.
level lines. I have often compared it to a
not find in close,
caught, but uncertain.
carded plantationof young Larch trees on a small scale.
Eugenie Verdier is a good garden Eose. Prince Leon I have disI am
altogether.Homgre is one of the hardiest of Tea-scented
surprisedat the high price at which Mr. Luokhurst
Boses, growing and blooming freely. I received this Eose the says it is selling"viz.,12s. per dozen, as it ia one of the
of plants
first year from the raiser,and the second year I received the
A number
eaaiest plantsI know
a stock of.
to secure
Eose from France under the name
same
of Socrates.
There is are
growing here in a kitchen-gardenborder, struck in the
confusion abroad with these two varieties;
of 1869, and they are now
Homereis often
our
autumn
nearly2 feet high. I may
met with in France under the name
of Socrates. I have a great add that the soil where they are growingis rather rich and
"

November

16, 1871. ]

JOUBNAL

OF

HOETICULTUEE

shaded, stillthe plantswill grow freelyenough in any

soil. H. J. C, Hackwood
Gardens,Basingstolce.

AND

COTTAGE

GABDENEB.

373

during winter,and when the groundis dry,the

Choose
fine dry day
a
lightlyforked over.
of March
to plant the first lot of bulbs to
the border,
in earliest. Do it thus : Stretch a line across
come
and with a hoe draw four drills a foot apart; in these drills
with
littlesand
over
a
them,
placethe bulbs,also a foot apart,

ordinary In

fine weather

surface may
be
about the middle

"

"

GLADIOLUS
Thb

CULTURE.

this article holds, and I think jnstly,

the
been
for it has now
autumn
flowers,
the
varieties
of
and
of
to
state
a
some
brought
high
perfection,
I do
be surpassed. Of course
alreadysent out will not easily
there is ;
not mean
to say there is no room
for improvement
for instance,
have yellowflowers,but a clear yellowwith
we
the flower and spike of Madame
Furtado
is very desirable.
What
would also be a varietywith the colour of
an
acquisition
and
the
flowers
and
of
Lord Byron
spike Orphee ; and so, too,

snbjeotof

highestposition
amongst

"

would

be flowers of other colours which we

have not yet succeeded
in obtaining.
Seedlingsare easilyraised,but it is not so easy to obtain a
first-class variety
with a good constitution and superiorto those
There
have been a few good varieties
alreadyin commerce.
is very limited ;
laieed in England, but the stock of them
I
been sent out
cannot
a singleflower that has
name
indeed,
as yet in this country of any value
to an exhibitor. The new
varieties raised in France
and grown
by M. Sonchet, can be
in England, and
obtained by the dozen from any seedsman
varieties.
is on him that we must as yet depend for new
do

get a good
always a

it
If

and then fill in the drills,so that there may be 2 inches of

mould
the crown
of the bulb.
A space of 2 feet 6 inches
over
should be allowed between
the outside rows
of each bed, to
with a water-potwithout injuring
the
to get down
a man
plants. The sticks should be put in at an early stage of
not only does the plant incur the
growth, as, if this is delayed,
risk of being damaged by the wind, but the roots are injured
ing
sticks
into
the
the
by pushing
ground. To prolong the bloomperiod,plant a few bulbs every fortnightuntil the first
allow

week

in June.

be
must
dry weather sets in the wafering-pot
prevent evaporationmulch the beds with decayed
when
frame
It is as well to state that
ground is
manure.
there is always greatdanger of overwatering;
highly manured
As

as

soon

used,and

to

in very hot weather I seldom

water the beds oftener than
water.
twice a-week,and then I do not use manure
The spikesshould be fastened to the sticks as theyappear,
and this is nearly
all the attention theyrequire. Some growers
shade the spikes to prolong the bloom, but the colours are
door
brighterwhen the spike is freelyexposed. If requiredfor inthe first
decoration the spikes should be cat as soon
as
three fiowers are expanded ; the others will open in the water.
The best time to dig up the bulbs is towards the end of
Cut the stalks off
October,when a dry day should be chosen.
and place each sort with the label in an
as
theyare lifted,
to be found at the
empty flower-pot
; the small bulbs or spawn
base of the bulbs shonid be saved if an increase in the stock is
in
be
desired. The pots must
placed a dry airypositionfor a
week
or
two, and if they are in the way, wrap each sort
in a sheet of paper and pack all of them
away in
separately
even

worthless sorts sent over

every year,
reallygood flowers amongst them, and
do with
to weed out the bad ones
as we
the Eoses.
Some of the varieties have a decided tendency to
degeneratein this country; others,again,seem to improve. I
believe that in our
anxietyto obtain the finest possiblespikes
the constitution of the plantsby overfeeding.Under
we destroy
snch circumstances
of the bulbs deteriorate,
whereas if
many
treated they maintain
their position.
differently
I can safelyaffirm that some
varieties have
of the French
improved with me ; of Madame
Dombrain, for instance,I
thought littlethe first year it was sent out, and this season, a box secure from frost.
and fine
The Gladiolus is also well adapted for pot culture,
though an unfavourable one, it was finer than I ever had it
before.
When
thus grown the plants
Madame
spikesare obtained in this way.
Desportes, sent out the same
season, was
and are
in flower may be removed
to any desirable position,
magnificent,but I have not bad a good spike of it since. Some
in a conservatory
varieties succeed better in unfavourable
than others, exceedingly effective in the greenhouse,
seasons
the
rise
above
and I sometimes
where
the
find that those varieties which
foliage
fiourish in a
or
spikes
Ferns, placed
among
It is well to grow a few bulbs in pots
wet season
will not do so in a dry,hot year ; thus we must not
of plantsnot in flower.
he too hastyin discardinga varietythat for the moment
to fillup blanks in the beds,say eight or ten to every hundred
may
be unpromising.
plantedout. The best compost for the Gladiolus in pots is
Another statement I ought to make
is this,that many
new
turfyloam of a lightsandy nature three parts,one part rotted
of sand
sorts sent out at the highestpricewill not grow under any cirof leaf mould, with a proportion
and one
cumstances
manure,
largeror smaller as the loam is lightor heavy. Pot one bulb
; they will sometimes
grow in a promising manner
the planthas grown
at first,
and ultimatelygo off in decline,dying-offwhile in
in the centre of a 6-inoh pot,and when
apparentlyluxuriant health when the first flowers are on the 6 inches,shift it again into an 8-inch pot. The pots bhould
but sheltered from
stand out of doors in an
point of opening. To be thus disappointedafter months
of
position,
open
we

there
we

are

many
few

be content

must

unceasingcare is most dishearteningto the beginner,but the

experiencedcultivator makes up his mind to a certain number
of losses annually.
I have had much
in the culture of the Gladiolus.
I
success
grow every good varietythat is sent out, and a considerable
number
of bad ones, as well as hundreds
of seedlingsevery
flower can
be compared
year, and in my opinion no other autumn
to this for grace and beauty. The Dahlia
and Hollyhock
for the adornment
are
of largegardens in
indispensable
autumn, but in
with

small

gardens theycan

seldom

be

introduced

and
advantage,

of but little use

for decorative purare
poses
in-doors ; but in no garden,however small,if the soil is
the Gladiolus be out of place,and few subjects
suitable,
can

the best sorts for exhibition. The

for 1870-71 are Edith Dombrain, Horace
Of
J. Franklin, and Talisman.
Sir
Vernet, Nestor,Phidias,
older sorts 1 recommend
Armide, Adolphe Brongniart,Delieabest of the

new

ones

tissima,Etendard, Eugene Scribe,Fulton, Galilee,Homere,

Madame
Basseville,
Horace, James Veitch,Lacfipede,Madame
Marie DumorDesportes,Madame
Furtado, Margchal Vaillant,
LegouvS, Ophir, Orphee,Princess
tier,
Mary Stuart,Meyerbeer,
Dombrain,
Mary of Cambridge, Princess Clotilde,Madame
Eosa Bonheur, Eosea
Shakespere,
perfecta,Eossini,Schiller,
Sir W." Hooker, Ulysse,and Virgile."J. Douqlas.

better

adapted for being arranged in vases for the drawingfor the dinner-table. During August and September
this flower is produced in the greatestprofusion,althoughby
earlyand late plantinga sufficient nnmber
of spikes may be
obtained in July and October.
The
Gladiolus
is admirably
are

cuttingwinds.
I append to this a listof

room,

THE

or

CULTURE

OP

THE

CYCLAMEN.

adaptedfor exhibition

packet of seed in February last,and sowed it

and a little wellin a shallow seed-pan,using sandy loam
ing.
decayed cow manure, with a covering of silver sand after sowI then placedthe pan in a gentle bottom heat,and the

purpose

young

in autumn, and will be grown

for this
long as societies give sufficient encouragement ; and
strikingcontrast they form to the long formal lines and
as

OBTAINED

leaves

soon

made

their

appearance.

As

soon

as

the

seedlingshad made two leaves I potted them in thumb- pots

dumpy appearance of stands of Dahlias and cut blooms of and placedthem near the glass,giving them very littlewater,
filled
dust dry. They soon
to become
but not allowing them
Hollyhocks !
Whether Gladioluses are grown for exhibition or for general the pots with roots. I then gave them
a
shift into 60-sized
decorative purposes, the ground must be preparedfor them by pots and let them remain tillspring.
taken from the cold frames at
When
the bedding plantswere
deep trenching and heavy manuring the previous autnmn.
and let
No doubt a lightsandy loam is that best adapted for the Gladiolus,the end of May I gave the young
plantsanother shift,
and for such soil cow manure
is the best ; if it is a stiff them remain
in the cold frame all the summer
months, keeping
shaded in very hot weather.
them well watered and slightly
loam, plentyof road-scrapingsor sand may be incorporated
and
with it,and stable manure
I
them
in
6-inch
should
be used, but in every case
At the end of September
placed
pots
put
the manure
ought at least to be 6 inches beneath the surface. them in a warm
pit; very soon theybegan to show their flowers.

what

JOUENAL

374

OF

HOBTICULTUBE

AND

COTTAGE

[ November

GAEDENER.

10, 1871.

A very pretty Amaryllidaceons

Gasteonema
sangcinedm.
in nine months I have beautiful plants covered with
now
I have
plant,attaininga height of about 9 inches. Flowers bright
being nearlyan inch in diameter.
flowers,the corma
Let
scarlet,
produced singlylate in springerearlyin summer.
other plantswhich have been growing two years under cool
the packet it have a pot twice the diameter of the bulb, pottingso that
treatment, and they are not nearly so good. From
the latter may
be covered to the neck, which is rather long,
and
in spring I have several distinct varieties,
of seed sown
Keep it moderatelywatered for
Oeeet.
surrounding it with sand.
very sweet-scented. Owen
be done in February ;
time after repotting,
which may
some
the plant is growingfreelywater copiously,
and when
when
PLANTS."
No. 8.
GREENHOUSE
giveless water, but do not allow
a good growth has been made
of beautiful small-growing plants, the leaves to flag. The plant should be kept near the glassin
A genus
Lachenama.
fleshy,spotted leaves,and erect an airyposition,and with little water until the return of
with rather long, narrow,
of pretty growth early in spring. Soil,sandy loam, fibrous peat, and
about 6 inches long,bearing racemes
flower-stems
with a sixth part of
leaf mould
in about equal proportions,
pendantflowers from March to May.
good drainage. Gastronema
sanguineum
Laohenalias are best grown on shelves near the glass,or in silver sand, and
other lightairypositions.Six-inch pots are quitelargeenough flammeum is a fine variety,if varietyit is,having generally
for a dozen bulbs, and for six or more
a 4-inch
pot,potting double flower-scapesinstead of single. The flowers are of a
plants they are rosy pink. They
rosy carmine, but in some
them so that the crowns
may be justcovered with soil. The
the earlyspringmonths
simultaneouslywith the
pot should be well drained,and a compost of equal parts of appear during
It is very pretty.
with a sixth part leaves,which are dark green.
lightfibrous loam, sandy peat, and leaf soil,
has long recurved
of silver sand, and the same
Albuoa
elongata
fastigiata
proportionof charcoal,will grow
leaves,tall
in height,bearinga raceme, about
3 feet or more
them well. Commencing growth earlyin winter they should
flower-scapes
sired
deand
to
with
foot in length,of white flowers tipped
push,
be pottedthen, or whenever theybegin
any
a
green, which,
then be secured by dividingthe bulbs or
increase may
from their long stalks and their waxy texture, are excellent for
in
It
flowers
in
June
or
Bepot
moving
removing the offsets. Water as soon as they begin to grow,
July.
March, recutting.
and continue to keep the soil moist until the leaves turn yellow,
the soil that comes
away freely.Use in a rather rough
then discontinue wateringuntil growth recommences.
state a compost of two partssandy peat,and one
part sandy
but a dozen of the best
The speciesare rather numerous,
loam, draining well. Water very freelywhilst the plant is
white
Lachenalia
red and yellow; L. fragrans,
are
tricolor,
growing,and in winter keep it dry in a lightairyposition. A
and red ; L. orchioides,
green and white ; L. pendula,red and
pot twice the diameter of the bulb is sufficient. Bemove the
s
carlet
L.
blue
L.
ofisets when
pallida,
pale
quadricolor,
greenish yellow;
repotting.
;
brown
and orange ; L. contaminata,
and yellow; L. discolor,
Anisanthus
Gladiolus-like foliage
splendens.
; flowers
pink ; L. pustulataviolacea,bluish purple ; L. reflexa,pale bright scarlet,in June or July ; height about 2 feet. It requires
white and blue ; and L. inbida,red.
When
the same
treatment
as Atholyza.
pink ; L. uniflora,
first pottedthe bulbs should be placedon and surrounded with
Aedm
Stem finelymarbled ; flowers pale fleshceinitum.
silversand.
coloured,broad,and of considerable length,produced in April
rather
IridAntholiza
tall
but
and curious.
^thiopioa
a
is
It
or May.
pretty
Bepot the plantsearly
maxima,
interesting
and
aceous
plant from the Cape of Good Hope, produces its showy in spring,removing all the soil that comes
away freely,
scarlet flowers in a cool greenhouse from February to
water moderately for a time, but freelywhen
growing and
orange
and
April. Surround the bulbs with sand,placingthem about an
flowering. The growth being complete water less freely,
In hot
in winter keep them
inch deep, and plant half a dozen in a pot,allowinga distance
merely moist, and no more.
shaded position.Light
equalto the diameter of the bulbs between every two, and also weather they are the better of a slightly
and good drainage,will grow
between them and the sides of the pot. Use the same
compost sandy loam, with a littleleaf soil,
Water
the
for
Lichenalias.
them
well.
as
freelyduring
growing period,
Flowers deep goldenyellowor orange,
Ctrtanthus
keep them dry when at rest,and pot when they begin to grow.
obliquus.
After May the plantssucceed in a warm
situation out of doors, with green ; very curious ; fine evergreen foliage. The flowers
Soil hazel
but must be placed under glassbefore frost.
are
generallyin June.
produced earlyin summer,
Cunninohami.
This has rather long, linear, or yellow loam, fibrous,and used rather rough,adding a third
Blandfoedia
channelled
leaves,and the flowers are of a deep red,with the of leaf soil or old cow dung. Give a pot twice the size of the
about
be covered to the
bulb in width, and pot so that the bulb may
ends of the petalsyellow; they are produced in summer
July.
neck,affordinggood drainage. The best time to repotis after
nelled floweringor July, not removing more
Blandfoedia
of the old soil than any
aueea.
Leaves narrow,
linear,and chanand drooping,Ij to loose parts,and not givinga largeshift ; pot firmly,and water
; flowers goldenyellow,bell-shaped,
in width,borne on a
2 inches in length,and nearly as much
plete
freelywhile the plant is growing,but when the growth is comflower-stem 1 to 2 feet in height.
place the plant near the glass,in the full sun, and give
Both
of the above
fine subjects
for the greenhouse or
no
are
water than will preserve the leaves in a fresh state,
more
conservatory,and succeed admirably in a compost of two parts for being an evergreen it must have water in winter,but the
of sandy peat, one part of lightfibrous loam, and one part of less,so long as the leaves do not shrivel,
the better.
has scarlet flowers,
C. MoEenni
Cyrtanthus
leaf mould, the whole chopped up, but used in a rough state,
has
COOCINE0S
white and slightly
adding one part of sand. Bepot when the plants commence
fragrantflowers,and is a newlycreamy
making fresh growth,wateringfreelyuntil growth is completed, introduced variety.
but at no
Pancbatium
and the floweringpast,then water less freely,
time
eotatum.
Fragrant flowers,white, borne on
It
in clusters of sometimes
a dozen.
must the soil be allowed to become
very dry. The drainage erect stout flower-scapes
the nearer
the glass has the outer segments of the flowers about 3 inches long,and
must be good. Afiord a lightairyposition,
does not touch it.
The
not unlike a Daffodil or Euoharis.
so long as the foliage
the better,
a funnel-shapedcrown
Beavoa
A
bulbous
small
geminifloba.
plant, with red period of floweringis generallyJuly and August.
This also has white flowers,
Panokatium
flowers in July. Sow about half a dozen bulbs in a 6-inch pot,
which
speoiosum.
potting them in October,keeping them just moist over the are sweet-scented,and appear from April to June or July.
winter. When
they are growing water freely,lesseningthe Soil and treatment the same as for Cyrtanthus.
An
old and very common
BicHARDiA
that they may be rather dry up to
so
supply after flowering,
(Oalla).fflTHiopioA.
then
and give plant,being an herbaceous
October,
repot. Keep the plantsnear the light,
perennial,having fine Arum-like
white spathes. It is an excellent window
abundance of air. The compost named
for Lachenalias will foliage,
and creamy
suit these plants.
plant,and thrives amid the smoke and dust of largetowns SB
t/HLiDANTHUs rEAGEANS.
A pretty bulbous plant,producing well as in the purest air,and seems
only to requireabundance
in June
or
July yellow,trumpet-shaped,fragrantflowers. It of water when growing, and sun to ripen the growth,or light
I have some
fine masses
of it progrows about a foot high. It should have a compost of two parts with dryness will do.
ducing
lightfibrous loam, one part sandy peat,and one part leaf soil,
magnificent flowers in spring and the early part of
with a free admixture
of sand.
Pot in March, removing all the summer,
from September all through the winter
and its foliage
but not if it is filled with roots,and remove
Caladium.
Boil,
all the offsets,resembles that of a fine green-leaved
which
it puts out very freely. The offsets may be pottedand
My mode of treatment is as follows : After the floweringig
for future flowering.They will attain to a flowering past, and the foliageis dying down, water is less plentifully
grown
state in one
or
two years.
Water
freelywhile the plantis given, and in July the plants are turned out of the pots,the
and in winter keep it dry.
and
growing,
old soilremoved, but the roots not much disturbed,
non^

and

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

Novemljer

16, 1871. ]

JOUBNAIi

HOBTIOULTUBB

OF

of the offsets taken off unless increase be wanted, and then they
removed with good roots,and placedin pots that will hold
are
them without cramping. The old plantsare put into pots that
will hold the ball,and allow of about 1 inch or IJ inch of fresh
soil all round, and it is put in firmlywhile rather dry. Good

drainageis given,and the compost used is lightturfyloam, with

one
dung. The plants
part of leaf soilor old Mushroom-bed
set in a slightlyshaded
are
position,and have water rather
into fresh
time in starting
then they take their own
sparingly,
about the close of August.
growth, which will generallyoccur
They are next brought to the front,have a lightposition,and
by October they are in fine leaf,and the pots are full of fine
white roots.
Then
if yon desire to see this plant at its best,
soil as before,
shift it into pots 4 inches wider,using the same
with plenty of sand.
Water
gentlyup to March, when, if the
plants do not throw up for flowering,keep them dry but not
six weeks ;
or
the leaves to flag for a month
so dry as to cause
the result is in May, as fine a
then water again. With me
and
flowers
for
a
as
ever
plant
graced greenhouse or
foliage
conservatory. Watering is continued until the floweringis
over, and then it is lessened.
I do not believe in the plant being an aquaticin this country,
in a
or
though it will live in tanks out of doors in summer,
greenhouse all the year round ; for aquatictreatment it should
be taken back to the Nile,and there have the heat and dry air
G. Abbey.
to which it is not exposedin our moister climate.
"

"

"

GOLDEN

CHAMPION

GRAPE.

I WAS pleasedto see your defence of Golden

Ohampion, I
have had it splendid here. It was
ripe in July,and when I
knew the Prince of Wales was to be here,I kept it tillthen,
the 19th October, and the Grapes were
certainlythe most
like
magnificentI ever sent to an employer'stable ; they were
Dr.
pigeons'eggs, and as yellow as
Hogg saw them at Archerfield in 1865.
The Grape was
taken specialnotice of. The
sent in on November
last bunches were
1st,plump and fresh,
house
all
while those of Buckland
Sweetwater in the same
turned bad
rotten and fellfrom the stalks. D. Thomson,
were
Dmmlanrig Gardens.

AND
La
"

COTTAGE

GARDENEB.

France, Maurice
E. C, Oakham,

375

Bernardin, and

JARDIN

D'ESSAI,

Baroness

Bothschild.

ALGIERS.

French
Government
conceived the idea of
forming near the town of Algiersa botanical garden,in which
all plantslikelyto be easily
in
Algeria,and which might
grown
be useful either for their ornamentation
for their economic
or
value,should be kept for distribution or for sale. A portion
of ground, about two miles from the town, situated between
the sea and the public road, and occupying the place of an
old hamma
In 1867
or
marsh, was selected for this purpose.
the Emperor of the French
conceded
this establishment to
the " SociStfi GSnerale Algerienne," under
whose auspices,
but under the direct superintendenceof M. Auguste BiviSre,
the gardens at present are.
In addition to the level swamp,
the gardens now
also occupy
The
the slope of a low hill on the opposite side of the road.
level ground is laid out in alleys
which open out into a circular
boulevard
the whole garden. Carriages are
which surrounds
admitted to the circular drive only,foot passengers to the cross
walks.
A stream of fresh water runs
through the grounds,
forming in one placea small lake.
One fresh from the botanical gardens of Europe is astonished
at every step taken in the gardens by the wondrous
vegetation
which
is shown by all the semi-tropical
plants. Descending
from
the
Palm
is
circular
a few
avenue
drive,a great
steps
entered. This avenue
was
planted in 1847, and is formed of
about eightytrees of the Date Palm, nearly as many
of the
In 1832

the then

Latania borbonica,and

about 150 of the Dragon's-bloodtree

The avenue
is about 10 yards wide, and
between
there are two of the
every two of the Date Palms
and
Latania.
It terminates
t
ree
in a
one
Dragon's-blood
clump of Palm trees,which are planted almost to the border
of the sea.
it is borne
in mind
that the Date
Palms
When
from 20 to 50 feet high, the Latanias
are
averaging about
12, and the Dracsenas about 8 feet in height, the general
effect of this splendid avenue
All the
be imagined.
may
in December
last in full flower or fruit,
trees were
the golden
Palm
with
the
trusses of the Date
more
well
contrasting
and other facts that have come
to our
clusters of Latania berries. It would require
[The above-detailed,
brightly-coloured
knowledge respectingthis Grape, are a sufficient reproof to more
disposalto describe the contents
space than is at our
those impetuous writers who either have not the skill to proof all the various small avenues
that branch ofi from
the
duce
of
in
their
who
do
fruit
best
some
varieties
state ; or
not
main one.
The most remarkable
smaller avenues
are, perhaps,
give a thought that there are conditions of soil and situation the one formed of Bamboo
planted in
(Bambusa arundinacea),
which do not suit all varietiesof fruits alike. Eds.]
of foliage,
the stems
mass
1863, and forming an immense
supportingwhich are from 40 to 50 feet high, and that formed
of about
hundred
one
plants of Chamserops excelsa,each
AND
ROSES
GERANIUMS.
about 10 feet in height. But remarkable
these charming
as
are
than
Seveeaii other correspondentshaving sent you their expesub-tropicalalleys,the visitor is more
surprised
rience
and Boses, I also
with regard to bedding Geraniums
when, on going towards the portion of the garden where the
send you mine, and may remark that 1 have this year grown
plants are grouped somewhat
according to their natural
about eightyvarietiesof Geraniums, and the same
and
number
of orders,he finds specimens 15 feet high of Caryota urens
C. Cummingii, growing with vigour and covered with fruit ; of
Boses.
To begin with the former.
It I were
asked to select the Oreodoxa
regia,from Cuba ; several plants upwards of 25 feet
I should name
in height ; and a plant of Jubasa spectabilis,
for making a display,
best twelve Geraniums
which is 12 feet
the following: Foremost
I must
and a parterreallotted to
place Vesuvius,which has high ; and then justa few stepsmore
of
bloom
all
the
the
and
natural
of
the
Musaceas
been with me a perfectmass
next
to view. As both th"
comes
family
season,
I must
select Indian Yellow, William
in large quantitiesfor their
Underwood, Bebecca, Plantain and Banana
are
grown
Waltham
Scarlet Perfection
Seedling, Morning fruit in another portion of the grounds, the family is her"
(Sutton's),
Star,and International ; then I should conclude with four old chieflyrepresentedby such genera as Strelitziaand Eavenalia.
and well-known
varieties
viz.,Tom Thumb, Stella,Trentham
Magnificent specimens of the latter genus, with stems 9 to
Scarlet and Christine.
10 feet high, exhibited great combs
We
are
not
of fiowers.
In vases
the
or
done
if the Traveller's Tree has flowered in Europe, and we
well with
followingtwelve have
aware
pots
Mrs. W. Paul, Acme, Lord Derby, Donald
me
:"
sieur
Monfind
in
full
fiower
in
It
not
to
it
has
were
Beaton,
Algiers.
prepared
Martin, The Hon. Gathorne Hardy (animmense
its.fruit in this garden. Near this
trusser),not, however, matured
Kentifih Fire,Chieftain,
Monsieur
Comner
of
fine spec'mens
grand parterre stood another with many
; and of the double
Gloire de Nancy, Madame
varieties,
Lemoine, and Gapitaine Yucca, also a magnificent plot of Aralias A. papyrifera,in
Ii'Hermite.
full fruit and very handsome;
the fine A. leptophylla
and
No two gardeners will give the same
list of the best twenty A. prsemorsa, thicklycovered with spines,and the very ornamental
A. farinifera ; and then one's attention is caught by a
Boses,as difierent kinds of soil cause them to grow so differently.
that have done the best with me
Those
are Charles
Lefebvre, large tree (Carolinea
macrocarpa)from Brazil,with a couple
Baroness
Bothschild,Marguerite de St. Amaud, Felix Genero, of dozen of its fruit,each as big as a Cocoa-nut ; by a small
Maurice
Cherimolia
in full fruit,
which
Bernardin, La France, Edward
is nearly as
Morren, Franijoisforest of Anona
Louvat, Boule de Neige, John Hopper, Fisher Holmes, Gloire good as that of the closelyrelated species which yieldsthe
Mdlle.
Marie
Olivier
Custard
du Ducher, William Griffiths,
Deltree some
80 feet
Apple. Near these is an immense
Bady,
de Vesins, Lord Clyde, in height, covered
with fruit of the Avocado
Pear
homme, Charles Laweon, Vioomtesee
(Persea
Woolfield.
Professor Eooh, and Monsieur
and
its
at
is
feet
of
the
Guava
tree
a
;
gratissima)
quantity
with me
this year, being (Pflidium
MarSchal Niel has not bloomed
Cattleyanum)crowded with its perfectlyripe,large,
golden fruit. Growing up into the trees, and
very much
injuredby the severe frosts last winter. My best pear-shaped,
"

(Dracffina
Draco).

"

"

"

"

"

four Bosea this

season

have

been Charles Lefebvre, forming numerous

decidedly

and

uever-eudiug
were
festoons,

some

speci-

JOUENAL

376

HOBTICULTUEE

OF

of these were
Some
of Ciaii,chiefly
mens
speciesof Cerens.
f"lgreat size;and one specimen,which had completelystrangled
a Plantain
said to have been covered in
25 feet,was
tree some
the autumn
with 600 to 700 flowers. It must have been a sight
worth a long pilgrimageto see.
number
of
Enough has been said to show what a surprising
semi-tropicalfruits luxuriate in the beds of this well-watered
well-known
vegetablesto the
garden,and we might add many
as Sireet Batatas,
list,
Tam, Papaw. But all this while we have
of the garden. Outside
been writingof the great level portion
of this,and on the other side of the roadway, there is a small
hill,200 or 300 feet in height,which slopestowards the garden
This
and the sea, and is traversed by several ascendingwalks.
is the New
Holland
district of the garden,and certainlynot
the least interesting
portion of it. In one section of it are
of them
different speciesof Acacia, many
large trees, 20 to
there were
magnificent
25 feet in height. Of the Proteacea
the collection
trees ; of the genera Banksia, Hakea, and Grejillea,
of specieswas
justbursting into
very large,all of them
the
of
trees growing in
The most important
of bloom.
masses
this corner
of the hill was
probablyEucalyptus globulus,of
about 40 feet in height and over 4J feet
which some
trees,now
in circumference,
were
plantedin 1862, and were then only a
of about
few inches high. Young well-established seedlings,
10 inches in height, are sold for 20s. a-hnndred, and large
time
from time to
out
throughnumbers
of them have been planted
This speciesgrows
Algeriaby the French Government.
under very favourable
in Algeriawith most surprisingrapidity,
circumstances,growing 18 to 19 inches in height each month.
Its wood appears to be hard, close in the grain,and it is largely
used in the construction of quays, bridges,and railways. This
_

AND

COTTAGE

GAEDENEK.

[ November

16, 1871.

view

of Paterson's Bovinia.
Mr. Gilbert says, " Of new
ties
variePaterson's Bovinia is the most promising." I am in hopes
the last word is a misprint,and ought to have been unpromising,
for with me
it is a coarse
grower, having most luxuriant
haulm, and though planted a yard apart every way, had not
half room
enough ; and all this waste of ground was incurred
for the sake of two or three largeugly tubers,
weighing,perhaps,
several pounds each,which
when
cooked are
like half-melted
for its great weight,and have
glue. I grew it as a curiosity
had some
immense
tubers, but the weight is not equal from an
equal space of ground to that produced by Bed- skinned Flourball. Having satisfied my curiosity,
I offered the tubers to our
farm bailiff,
thinking theymight suit him for cattle or pigs,
but he declined to have them, and pronounced them not fitfor
beasts.
It is with me
the ugliest,
most
useless,and worstcroppingof all Potatoes,and to a gardenerworthless.
I have grown
this year several American
kinds,and find not
to be
equal to our established varieties. Early Eose seems
best,and may be useful in a warm
lightsoil and for frame
and
but
in
cold
and
it
is
inferior
climate
soil
culture,
very
my
one

the

much

diseased.
Eed-skinned
Flourball is a stronggrower, and requiresmuch
room
too large,and may suit for market, but
; its tubers are
can
be of use
to lovers of a good Potato until very late.
never

EarlyBed

Kidney has very largehaulm, is a great cropper,

either Bovinia
and Eed-skinned
Flourball,and
ever,
Flourball.
It is,howis
quality quiteequal to Bed-skinned
has very largetubers as heavy as, if not
a late Potato,and
Flourball.
heavier than. Bed-skinned
My latest conclusion as to the value of Potatoes is that the
best are Veitch's Improved Ashleaf Kidney for first earlycrops
and forcing,
it produces heavily
and attains earlymaturity;
as
Myatt'sProlific for early crops and forcing; Lapstone for a
more

so

than

in

nean
the southern side of the Mediterrato do so well on
that we think its culture ought to be successfully
attempted
second earlykind,and to continue until the late sorts come
and
the
southern
in;
in the south of Spain, in Sardinia,in Sicily,
in until autumn
it
winds
;
of
districts
to
requires Early Oxford for a second early,and to come
subject heavy
parts
Italy.In
for some
protection, Paterson's Victoria for autumn, winter,and earlyspring use ;
owing to its rapid growth some
years
and Bed-skinned
Flourball for late spring and earlysummer
but in placessufficiently
for it,it ought to repay well for
warm
consumption. The above have with me this year been almost
it might be found to need.
any littleextra care
free from disease.
The best Potato in cultivation for quality
Among the few speciesthat we noticed that did not succeed
of prois the Lapstone, and it is second to none
for amount
in these gardens, we
the Cedrus Deodars
duce,
mention
; but
may
and one
tree of Arautaking the ground occupied into consideration. Like
Casnarina
was
tree

seems

"

"

equisetifolia

flourishing,

soil.
caria excelsa was about 60 feet in height,and measuring a little every other Potato,it does best in a lightor well-pulverised
There are many
forms of it ; I have had several that are much
at its base.
over 9 feet in circumference
inferiorto the old or true sort. G. Abbey.
The objectof the Society in keeping up these gardens is,as
"we
said,to introduce into Algeria all useful and ornamental
plants likelyto grow there. In addition they grow enormous
AND
BAD
NEIGHBOURS.
GOOD
plants for
quantitiesof young Palms and other ornamental
few plants interesting
to the
The readers of this Journal must have all noticed the superior
exportationto Europe, and some
In a place growth of certain plantswhen
bourhood
neighbotanist for exchange with other establishments.
growing in the immediate
how the wild
of other plants. The farmer remarks
so favoured
by Nature and so easilyaccessible to Europe, it
tor
would be,we venture to think,well worth the while of the direcPoppy haunts his Legumes" how the Cornflower only grows
of these gardens to considerablyenlarge the last portionof
bours
amongst his cereals. Other plants he notes are bad neighknown
the Society's
such as the Brassioa tribe in his arable land, the
tropicalplants are yet undesign. How many
the
turist
agriculto the large collectors of Europe, and what a vast percentageAcacia tree in his hedgerows. Now very recently
of these hints from
Dame
the collections sent from the
has availed himself of one
of deaths occur
among
with
in
the
Swede
But
e
xtent
of
shores
!
the
Nature
a
of
to
to
profitable
growth
at
our
tropics any season
dens
garvery
year
side of the
the sunny
like these at Algeria,situated on
Turnips, and, surely,there is something very valuable to be
"

"

of the
achieved in this way with other now
only-languidly-growing
as
a half-way house, the resources
Will you, then, allow me
definitely
to ask
establishments
of the north would be incrops, such as the Bed Clover.
to favour you with the result of
Another
increased.
purpose for which these gardens the readers of the Journal
in
bad
and
the
tenants
their observations on good
neighbours
mens
might be made most useful is for forming a collection of speciinterest. Many of the
of the garden ?
of plants or fruits of economic
be in this way derived
useful information may
That much
fruits,stems, "o., which ripen in these gardens as easilyas
I have seen in the garden several indications
Cherries or Potatoes with us, are not to be seen in some
cal
botaniI have no doubt.
to be purchased. of the good effects of certain plants being placed in juxtaand are not,in Europe at least,
position,
collections,

Mediterranean,to act
botanical gardens or

How

would

many

botanist buy such as we here refer to

at the depot of the AlgerianSocietyin
the expense of putting up such in salt and water
mere
nothing. The same remarks would apply in
to portionsof the roots of remarkable
genera, and

gladlywould some
on
sale,say

if theywere
Paris ; and
be
cases

and
a

he
He

it is

only within

these few hours

that I learn from

Scotch clergyman that in his garden at the Bridge of Allan,

can
good Carrots by growing them with Onions.
only secure
their seeds,it appears, togetherbroadcast.
fact that plants have their good and ill neighbours is
modern
discovery,
for,as I have elsewhere remarked

sows

The

also to flowers.
attention to these gardens,we vennot a
In calling
ture
and also
to suggestthese hints to their well-known
director,
observation of the cultivators of the soil tliat there
It was an early
to that indefatigable
than any other,now
man
botanist who, more
in the vegetable
world. The Roeven
are
good and bad neighbours
when
farmers noticed the vigourwith which the Vine vegetated
representsscience in connection with the Algerian Society,
the
band
hustree
Elm.
wont
to
call
that
the
were
to
near
Professor Durando of Algiers. (Nature.)
They
planted
that the Elm
of the Vine, and it has been supposed
was, in fact,
first irUrodncedinto England by the then masters of our island when
made
their
they
vineyards.
POTATOES.
well aware
that, althoughthere is "a friendship"
They were
At page 335 are excellent notes on the vegetablecrops of the
others. Cato, one
there is "enmity" between
between some
plants,
Potatoes.
on
past season, and amongst them some
Though
Eoman
of the very early
authors,noticed that the Vine is at "enmity"
agreeing generallywith Mr. B. Gilbert in his estimate of the with the Cabbage. And these facts were observed by more
than one
varieties named, I must be excused takinga very different author of the sixteenth century. Thus, Conrad Heresbach,who
"

"

378

JOUENAL

OF

HOBTIOULTUEE

AND

COTTAGE

GAKDENEE.

[ November

16, 1871.

walfes there will be an aconas wherever water stands npon

depthof 2 inches should be laid on the beds,and be beaten
mulation of slimy matter that will not only look unpleasant,
moderately firm with the spade,and blinded afterwards with a
but will cling to the feet. A
walk
be overlooked
in
may
slightcoating of soil. Anyone having old-established beds,
when it is so pleasantto traverse the soft dry velvet and unwillingto break them
summer
up for this purpose, need not do
for
lawn, but a good walk
exercise is a comfort and luxury so necessarily.The crowns
in such a bed may be thinned out
in winter." E. Fish.
of a knife carefully
by means
inserted below the one
to be removed,
so
as
to sever it from the underground stem without
that
t
hose
injuring
are to remain.
Only the strongest in this
HAEDY
AND
PLANTS
HALF-HAKDY
FOR
case
should be taken, and those that are left will benefit by
TABLE
AND
ROOM
DECORATION.
their removal.
On this plan of treatingLilyof the Valley,
Valley
Lilt
the
of
improved plants
(Convallaria
majalU). I know no
for forcingwould not be our
beautiful and fragranthardy plant for blooming indoors
only gain ; our stock would also
more
greatlyincrease,and this,to the nurseryman
and florist at
The handsome leaves of tenderest
or for cut flowers than this.
is a very important point. It may be grown
least,
their
at home at
on
green, and the chaste sweet flowers arching elegantly
half
the
cost
of
the
and
union
beheld
of
in
imported
one
charms rarely
roots,
stalks,
present a
plant
everyone who indulges
in
the
of
in
his
a
would
share in
the flower-loving
luxury
room
a fact which
to
pot
ultimately
publicappear duly
appreciate.
For to say nothing of the estimation in which it is held for the good of this economy.
for forcing,or any
When
lifting
other purpose, it is usual to discard all underground stems as
button-hole and other bouquets,and other purposes to which
useless.
This is a mistake,for they may be made the means
of pots forced
is is applied in the cut state, the thousands
of largelyincreasing
the stock in hand ; every jointis prone to
annually in nursery and florists'gardensabout towns,to sweeten
send
when circumstances
a
crown
favourable" that is,
and
show
the
admiration
enliven sitting-rooms,
up
are
sufiiciently
there is room
bestowed upon it. A very largeproportionof this supply is when
enough and pasturage sufficientfor their
The Dutch
have sent us in
development; and for the first two years it need not take up
imported annually from Holland.
a bushel
of it may be put in a bed 4 feet by 6 feet.
the few bygone years sufficient to have stocked hundreds of mtich room"
It
is necessary in layingit in,to draw the soiloff the bed wholly
but we are no richer in Lilyof the Valley
to overflowing,
acres
to
the
of
a
for it ; imported stock is not even
depth
the
couple of inches,laying it on either side for
equal to the demand
present season, and the home-grown supply is not plentiful; handiness in putting it on again. The stems are laid on the
and covered up with the
is it so well favoured as the foreign. And what becomes of bed thus prepared equallyand evenly,
nor
soil,finishingofi with a mulching in the same
it all,the thousands
of pots of home-grown and imported together,
way as with the
that find ready customers
nursing bed for crowns, as deacribed above.
in winter and spring? In
that
has to supply cut flowers or plantsin flower
Everyone
privategardens where much of it is forced,the gardener knows
and room
embelliahment
in winter,knows how
well the value of the old plants,and would as soon
think of for conservatory
force
to
the
of
else
that
is
deemed
worth
of
Lily
as
Valley; and our remarks on its treatment,
keeping
destroying
anything
throwingthem on the rubbish heap. A year'snursing and to aid beginners,may be very brief. As earlyas the leaves are
should be lifted and potted,using rich sandy
extra good cultivation will put forced Lily of the Valley in conripe the crowns
dition
ing
for forcingagain ; and no doubt nurserymen
in the soil ; any enrichand floiists loam to pot them in. Put no manure
it
want
is better appliedin the liquidstate after the
would be glad to get back their old plantsfrom their customers
may
in such a state as that there would be a reasonable chance of plants are well started. Pot very firm ; it is scarcelyposaible
to make
the soil too firm by pressure of the fingersmerely,,
As it is, however, they never
recoveringtheir lost stamina.
the propertyof the police,
return. They become
fallinginto supposing it is in the proper state of dryness for potting.
the tipsof the crowns
their hands by the way of the duat-bin and the agency of Polly When
finished,
only should appear above
This is a poor fate for a thing of beautythat the soil. They may then be watered,and put away in a cold
the housemaid.
till
is yet capableof being made
frame
beautiful as ever
they are required for introducinginto heat. It is
; for the same
and skill that developedits charms before are able to realways desirable to have the roots in action before the crowns
care
vive
Mild bottom
them again in due time.
begin to swell much.
heat, applied in a cool
this.
Onr present subject is one
I have started Lily of the Valley
of perennialduration,and is, atmosphere, secures
and other commonly- forced hardy subjects
the top of a heap
on
It will even
hardy and enduring to the utmost.
moreover,
survive the dust-box,if quicklyreclaimed while yet a littlelife of heating leaves in the open air in winter,giving them such
the weather renor
as
remains ; but it loves generous
dered
Spruce boughs
treatment, and well repays it. top protectionof straw
well pleasedwith the results. Plants
The imported Dutch
clumps and crowns
give flowers superior
necessary, and was
and
held to be a distinct variety, so treated come
when
are
to our home-grown ones ; it ia even
quickly
sturdily
they
away
from ours
in being more
robust and luxuriant.
It broughtinto heat.
differing
Our subjectwill not bear rapidor hard forcing; a temperadoes not, however, retain this peculiarity,
but quicklydegeneture
rates
when subjectto the conditions of our
ment.
ranging from 60" to 60" suits beat in earlywinter,but later
commonplace treatwill
it
bear
few
it
it shows under forcingis due, I think, on
a
moderately moist
Any superiority
degreeshigher. Keep
when
th"
rather to the better climate and soil of Holland,and the special till after the leaves and flowers burst the crowns,
and be alternated
treatment given it by the Dutch.
We should not expect many
suppliesof water must be graduallyincreased,
The syringe,if
or
fine Strawberries in winter and spring from plantslifted to
with applications
of clear mild liquidmanure.
force from the quartersa week or two before puttingthem into
time before the leaves
used at all,should be discontinued some
half grown, especially
if they are crowded
are
heat; and though Lily of ihs Valleyis bttter adapted for forcing and fiower-spikes
to use
than the Strawberry,our
in the pot; but it is preferable
it,taking the other
of the best results from
never
expectations
it by ordinary efforts is only,therefore,
rather of keeping up atmospheric moisture
a little less unreasonordinary means
able.
An over-meist atmosphere is favourable only to the
Forced as it usuallyis about privateplaces,in clumps instead.
of fine flabbyleaves and scanty weakly flowers that
lifted from an
old-established
bed, the pots have as many
production
the oocaaion of the firstcheck in temperature,
in them producing leaves only as there are crowns
crowns
with
are liable to damp off on
and which
under
circumstances
continue to be
flowers and leaves ; and the abortive ones, besides leadingto
no
"

"

overcrowding,compete from firstto last with those that flower

for the food the pot contains,the contest being always more
or

long beautiful.

This gracefully
HoTEiA
JAPONICA.
prettyplant,so very liable
lees to the detriment of the latter.
to get injuredby late frost in springin most parts of Scotland
and
There is no
and northern
reason
to doubt but that,it we
thing
England, is a very good subjectfor room
adopted somelike the Dutch plan of preparingour
It may
be very successfully
forced,if not
plantsfor forcing, table decoration.
is
The
too
the results would be quiteas good in every way with our
hurried
much
started too early.
a good
or
own
present
and pottingit,but an early start is desirable,
their plants. We
would
time for lifting
as with
requireto break up our beds
in the firstinstance,and carefully
divide and select the crowns
and I would advise lilting
early in October, and the general
demands
to such an
for Lily of the Valley. The soil may
extent as our
suggested,and to plant treatment recommended
but equallyfirm pottingis necessary ; and manure
them, the strongestand weakest by themselves apart,in rich be lighter,
is objectionable,
well-trenched
causing,
The best time to do
of any kind, except liquidmanure,
ground, Ij inch asunder.
this is early in October, as it is also the best time for lifting when
applied to the majority of herbaceous plants that are
and potting for forcing,
but it will not yet be too late to do it forced,too much
leaf growth, while the flowers are benefited
when
this comes
littleor nothing by the application.A little peat,however, is
to the hands of our
readers,if the weather
is open and mild.
After planting and in doing so the crowns
a very
good addition to the compost for this plant. I would
of bottom heat, either in the
advise givingthis a [fortnight
ought to be almost buried a mulchingof old manure
to the
"

"

"

November

JOUBNAL

16, 1871. ]

OF

COTTAGE

AND

HOETIGULTUBE

379

GAEDENBB.

round and broughtan action againstthe salesman for fraud. It also

air or in a freelyaired pit or frame, before puttingit in
in the course
of evidence he had been actually
paidover and
higher atmospheric temperature, eneh aa that of a forcing- appeared
when
extra profit,
above what his things
realised,and therefore some
should be
house or pit; and in other respeota the treatment
to balance one
transaction
be made, was
it could fairly
necessary
S. (inGardener).
the same
as for Lily of the Valley. W.
the Judge did not notice this
againstanother, and I was surprised

open
a

"

circumstance.

"

T. Taylor.

SHOW,

CHRYSANTHEMUM

NEWINGTON

STOKE

MORE
ROSE
GOSSIP.
annnal Show of the Stote Newington Chrvaantwenty-fifth
held on the 14th and 15th inst. ; and thoughnot
was
for this year, of Rose
Society
Jjp you and your readers are not tired,
either in the number or the quality
to several of itspredecessors
enthusiast givehia notions
-eqnal
humble
gossip,will you let one more
to
of the specimens
and blooms exhibited,that circumstance
appears
The following
in cultivation ?
dozen
Eoses
as to the beat two
in
due to the unfavourable
be solely
season, and not to any falling-o"E
well set
would, I think,be found hard to beat by Mr.
The
themum

the interest taken in the flower.

there was
but a small display
Of pot xjlants
very good,
; a few were
and many
indifferentas specimens. Most of them
some
were
passable,
had the flowers but imperfectly
expanded,and in another week or ten
days will be seen to much greateradvantage. The best three plants
kinds came
from Mr. Howe, Shacklewell ; the
of the large-fiowerinG
second best from Mr. Sharpe; the third best from Mr. James, of the
Eochester Castle,a veteran grower.
sented
repreAmong the varietiesbest^
Dr. Sharpe,Gloria Mundi, Annie Salter,and Prince of
were

up
Mr. Baker:
Dr. Andry, Edouard
Morren, Charles
Lefebvre,Paul Neron, Oomtesse d'Oxford,Duke of Edinburgh,
de
Aurore
La
Bor^ale, Baroness
Brie,
Prance, Exposition
Rothschild, Fernando, Alfred Colomb, Marquise de Oastellane,
S6nateur
Vaisae,Nardy FrSrea, Mdlle. EugSnie Verdier, Lady
Baron
de Noirmont
Suffield,
(B.),Marie Baumann, Louis Van

Poehin

or

"

Houtte, Mareohal Kiel (N.),Annie Wood, John Hopper, and

Sombreuil (T.).
Wales, the last full of bloom but not expanded.
distinct in form and colour
The
above I consider perfectly
For
six Pompons Mr. Martin, gardenerto F. Appleford,
Esq., and
vigorous hardy growers ; the only kinds having any ini
Woodbury Down, Stoke Newington, was first with goodplantsof Lilac
too frequentlyin the
firmities are La France, which remains
Mr. Martin
For three plants
and Golden Cedo NuUi and Andromeda.
shows a yellow eye, but is the most
also first. Mr. James
had a firstprizefor very good standards of bud, and Annie "Wood
was
Louia Van Houtte is,I am
afraid,
brilliant-colouredof Eoses.
Cedo
the White, Lilac, and Golden
NuUi, Bob, and others ; Mr.
de
is an improvement on Anna
Paul Neron
a feeble grower.
Ooodenough,Stamford Hill,being second.
double.
in
but
from Messrs. James, Howe, and Goodenough,who
more
identical
colour,
Collections came
if
not
almost
Diesbaoh,
in the order in which
These comprised I should have liked to have a Moss Eose in my twenty-four,
had prizes
they are named.
Prince
well-flowered plantsof Gloria Mundi, Little Harry, John Salter,
but Lanei
is the best,and rarely comes
large enough for a
-ofWales, Mrs. Sharpe,and some
Pompons.
limited a number.
so
show Eose
among
the
the show was
likewise not very large,
Of cut blooms
nor
were
Eose I have seen
If I may givean opinion as to tbe best new
of those exhibited were
hlooms so fine as in former years, stillsome
at Messrs. Pauls',of Cheshunt, and
this
I
select one I saw
year,
sented,
remarkablygood. We will note the varietieswhich were best repreMr. Gladstone"
a promising
which I was told was to be named
not because of their extraordinary
size,but because theywere
is
and habit of growth. Robert Marnock
the best in a bad year, and were
also the best in stands which we shall Eose in colour (dark)
beside Mr. Gladstone.
first for twenty-fourlarge,but will look,I think,a plebeian
Mr. Eowe, of Eoehampton,who was
pass over.
Alfred, F. H. G., Bisendeniensis.
cut blooms, had fine examples of Prince
of Wales, Prince
free-blooming
Queen of England, Empress of India,Beauty, Mrs. George Enndle,
P.S.
If anyone wishes for a very free-growing,
even
a very
good stand.
wall rapidly,I recommend
a
Lady Slade, and John Salter altogether
Hybrid Perpetual to cover
"

"

"

Leven, Melville and Eoehampton,

him to try Fernando.
second with Miss Mary Morgan, Bronze Jardin des Plantes, and
was
For twelve,Mr. Eowe
and Mr. Berry
several of those alreadynamed.
A
SLOPING
ON
BUILDING
A GREENHOUSE
were
again firstand second ; Mr. Prickett,gardener to Mrs. Bowerbank, Stoke Newington,
beingthird,and Mr. Drain,De Beauvoir Town,
SURFACE.
Princess of
fourth. Among the blooms shown in these collections.
of
I SHALL
be obligedby your advice as to the best mode_
Wales, from Mr. Eowe, was very fine,and the most notable of the
building,first premising
Princess
Mr.
"others were
and
together heating a greenhouse which I am now
Teck,
Slade,
Brunlees,
Lady
it
necessary to
with some
kinds alreadynamed. The awards for sixes went to Messrs.
that,having rebuilt my dwelling-house,I found
houses
site a range of old coachorder as their names
to another
pulldown and remove
Berry,Butcher,Eowe, and Holmes in the same
and gardener,the principal
In the class not open to nurserymen
occur.
and so exposingto view, on approaching
and stabling,
Messrs. Sanderson,James, Yorley,
Howe, and Slade.
To conceal
were
"c.
prizetakers
the house, a cowhouse, piggery,poultry-yard,
exhibited there were
several dishes of Apples these was
which
Among other subjects
chief objectin erectingthe greenhouse,
Mr.

Berry,gardenerto

the Earl

of

my
from Mr.
will face nearly due south.
and plants
The
position of the house and greenhouseis on ground
-for-tabledecoration from Mr. A. Forsyth,Stoke Newington ; and a
slopingsteeplyfrom the south to the north, in length about
son,
called Queen of Eoses from Messrs. E. G. HenderprettyBouvardia
250 yards,and about halfvfayup ; the slopeupwards from the
of St. John's Wood.
to the carriage-entrance.
house being greaterthan that downwards
In fact,the top of the garden is higher than the roof
BLACK.
CORNICE
VERSUS
to,
of the house, and are all eastward
of,and nearlyparallel
much surprisedthe
As I was readingthe Journal on Fridaylast I was
turnpikeroad,but considerablyabove it.
of a case
in the Westminster
to sea a very garbledaccount
County
"e., the site of which was
In pullingdown the old stabling,
I happened to be there on the
Cornick v. Black."
Court, headed
excavated,we left the back wall standingto the height
originally
thing
26th of Septemberlast,and heard the case opened; for knowing someof about 10 feet,the level of the ground behind,forming a sort
of the parties,
and beingindependentalike of each of them, I
being to hide the cowhouse, "e. We
ill-used set of of dry area, the object

from

Mr.

; dishes and

James

baskets of

Stoke Newington;
Smith, fruiterer.

some

Applesand
Ferns

Pears

; Palms

"

thought.Well, now, these market gardenersare

men, to judgefrom their frequent
appearance of

a very
late before the

municating
public, have built the greenhouse on four brick arches or vaults,comwith each other by doorways. The vault furthest
a.nd here is one
who
has a veritable cause
of complaint; but as
the:
"thecase
east has also a front doorway, this being the place where
proceeded it seemed to possess some
very unusual features.
The person who
styledhimself a market gardenerin it was in the heatingapparatus is to be placed. The others are built up iXL
and
of
had every
lated
habit
sending,or takinghimself,his goodsto market,
front,and lightedwith a piece of thick glassfixed,and ventiof ascertaining
their value before he partedwith them to
opportunity
and small air-shafts in the
with a terra-ootta air-brick,
the salesman.
the
of
level
above
the
ground
feet
about
3
back wall,risingto
in the latterpart of April,1869, he sent some
Somewhere
things
The
behind. In these vaults I intend to store roots, "o.
"forwhich he received cash payment earlyin the May following,and
intervals above in the roofs of the vaults are filled up with
"continued sending,
I think he said,to the end of the month, receiving
the floor level above to from 3 to 6 inch8S._
"cash for his consignments,
without preferringany complaintagainst concrete,as also
Of the greenhouse the back wall is carried up to the heightto me
of the articlessent seemed
his salesmen ; but the whole amount
tilators
attended
the day of the trial viz., of 10 feet above the ground level. There are four wooden vena very limited affair. I purposely
found that on two eubthe 24th of October,and to
in it at about 9 feet from tbe ground level. Its totalgreatsurprise
"

my
eequent occasions when he went to the market he adopted a piece of
After leavinghia
with him.
one
and took some
very sharppractice,
thingswith his salesmen, he so contrived that the person he brought
of the best of the things as a
with him should go and purchasesome
retail buyer. As soon
as he ascertained the price
givenhe concluded
the account
but finds out his mistake when
that would be his price,
out the
not allowed to make
"ale is furnished
and because he was
;

affair to

compriseboth wholesale and

retail

tradingon

his

part,turned

length,inside measurement, will be 34 feet ; its width, 14 foet ;

its height to the inside of the hipped roof,14 feet. There wiU:
be a glasspartition
dividingit into two partsat about one-third,
of the distance from

the east end.

The

roof ia to be fixed.

Tha-

glass.Hartley'srough, is borne on rafters 4i inches by 2 ; that,

inch thick ; that in
of an
of the roof and sides,three-eighths
front,one-quarter of an inch thick. The rafters to be 1 foot

JOUBNAIi

380

OF

HOETIODLTUEE

AND

6 inches apart. The npper third part of three of the divisions

to open,
of the rop!to be made
The
slidingnp and down.
front saehes to be hnng on hinges,and to swing outwards.
The one-third partitionedoff at the east end is to be nsed

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

16, 1871.

the hot-water pipes for bottom

heat yon wonld needjtwo
pipes all round in the propagating house for top heat, or three
pipes round the front and two ends. Two pipes in front and
think
at the ends of the other house would keep out frost. We

sides

as a propagatinghouse, the remaining two-thirds

that with your ventilators
more
generalhouse, in which my wife will keep her plants; the to have topUghts to move.
gardener,probably,having but littlevoice in the matter, conventilatorsand
sequently the wooden
more
as

( November

but littleresponsibility.

MoLACHLAN'S

in the back wall there is no occasion

satisfied with
We should be perfectly
the moveable
lightsin front. Ens ]

NEW

PATENT

"

\^RGE-CUTTER.

Is it not
been added

or
surprisingthat so littlethat is new
improved has
to garden implements ? With the exceptionof the
plements
mowing machine, and, perhaps, Parkes's steel fork,garden imremain
as
very much
they were in the time of our
We
all the more
great-grandfathers.
heartilywelcome this new
invented and patented
edging-cutter,
by Mr.
McLachlan, Dungourney
sider
Greenock, and conGardens, near
it a vast improvement, in every
respect, on the old edging-tool.It

has

received

ficates.
several first-classcerti-

from cur
As will be seen
engraving,the machine consists of a
small iron frame, which is set on a
couple of rollers,and has fixed at the
right side a knife of about 6 inches
long,the point of which is turned in
blade is fixed by
sole. This
be set in
of a screw, and can
instant so as to cut verges from
an
1 inch to 6 inches deep, while the
sole part of the
detaches
knife
as

means

from
the

the

base

portion of

edging detached
from
the

level at back.
level in front.
A, A, Ground
E, B, Ground
10 feet high, 15 feet 6 inches wide outtide,
A, B, B, A, Side of vaults
14 feet wide inside.
End brickwork, 3 feet high ; front E ashes, 3 feet high ; door 6^ feet high.

the side of
thus

walk,
doing with

one

action the work

which
requires

At the back

of the eastern vault there has been carried up on

an
edging-tool
25 feet from the back ground
Pigeon house,risingsome
Dotoh
and
a
level ; and through this Pigeon bouse the chimney-shaft
from
This pieceof simple mechanism
hoe.
is fitted toawouden
the vault below has been carried,leavinga placein which
to
handle, 6 feet long,and the instrument is worked by the same
sort of action required for Dutch
carry up the chimney or pipes from the heating apparatus.
hoeing. We have used this
W. D. Paine, Mcigate.
machine
with our
own
hands, and find it very easilyworked,
[As you wish to make the eastern division into a propagating and that it makes a very sjieedyand superior job.
Mr. McLachlan
recentlyhad a publictrial of his invention,
house, you are quite rightin the idea of having the heating
gave np the
apparatus there ; and all things considered, a saddle boiler but the compelitorwith the nld edging-toolsoon
The
contest.
about SO inches long would suit well,or a conical one
of about
testimony of the gardenerswho saw the contest

arches

"

the

which
would
There
is no
other mode
heat in the propagatinghouse
you to have more
with less or more
in the main
part of the building. In any
spare part of this vault in winter you might grow Sea-kale and
Bhubarb
and
in
the
contiguous vault, merely by leaving the
;
door open, you would have heat enough for Mushroom
beds,
whilst the other two vaults would
in for roots, blanched
come
so

same

dimensions.

easilyenable

salads,"a.
The heating,too, would

is

as

follows

"

met for the purpose of provingMr. McLaclinndersignecl,

lan's edging-machine,
and
find that it is all that could be desired"
for the purpose, and a greatimprovementon the old system of edf;iDg.
Mr. McLachlan, with the assistance of one
pickingup the trimminc:s, cut with the sole-knifea verge 90 yards longin the short space
"

We,

the

man

of 7^ minutes."
[Signedby sizteen gardeners
presentat the

trial.]

The work performed by the new

machine
was
fullytwice as
internal ments.
arrangemuch
done by the old edging-tool,
and a comparison of
as
was
For instance, to make the most of the internal arrangements
the great supeiiority
showed
the work
of the work performed
and room,
as respects comfort
you might have a 3-feet
The old tool either scatters that part detached
one.
bed in front of the propagating bouse, and a similar width of by the new
the
the
from
over
or
or
walk,
edging
requires a man
boy to
platformin the generalhouse, a 3-feet path,and then a sloping
stageof 8 feet for a base,which would take up the 14 feet in follow with a Dutch hoe before it can he picked up ; while thatremains where it is cut, and can be gathered
cut by the new
one
width. For easilygettingat the plantsa simpler arrangement
(The Gardener.)
would
be to have a
up without disturbingthe walk.
bed or
all round, a

greatlydepend

2J-feet

pathway, and

then

4-feet
of the

on

platform
platform or stage in
propagating part you

2}-feet

"

the

centre.
because it has emanated
so
[We are glad to notice and the more
To make
the most
could have
from a gardener a new
form of an implement so much
either the one bed in front, or in the latter case
both back and
needed in modern
and
at
the same
time admittingof
gardens,
front,heated by two hot-water pipes surrounded
by rubble, so much
improvement. Gardeners, as Mr. McLachlan
truly
with sand, ashes,or cocoa-nut
refuse for plunging the cutting- remarks, do not often try to improve their tools. Eds.]
able
pots in. One of these beds we would cover with small movesashes or squares of glassextendingfrom the back to the
a

"

"

"

front.

The

plants

to be

back

SINCLAIR

PEAR.

border or platform would do for fresh-potted

could always know
the exact .=pot
It would
be well if we
moved
to the centre platform when
becoming
where
the various sorts of fruits will succeed best : and it is
established. With two T-pipes you can
have two flows and
and
two returns to the boiler,one
pomologiststhat
flow to go into the propagating only by co-operationamong
fruit-growers
house and one into the general house, the latter fitted with a
shall ever
be able to arrive at so desirable a result. There
we
in the south are utterly
throttlevalve,so that you could regulateor stop the circulation are many fruits which when
grown
latitude
fruits grown
in a northern
at pleasure,as it will often be necessary to have heat in the
worthless,and the same
of the finest of th" south.
Bein the other house.
propagatinghouse and to have ncne
acquire all the excellence of some

November

16, 1871. ]

JOUBNAL

OP

HOBTICULTUEB

AND

COTTAGE

GABDENEE.

381

On
the other hand, certain frnits which are of the finest
when
in the north, are greatly
inferior in the south.
grown
Where are there such Gooseberries,for instance,as are to be
found north of the Tweed
Those of the southern part of the
?
island bear no
And where are there
comparison with them.

department. Always make choice of suitable weather for performing

each, with a view to cleanliness and good order. The
be removed, cleaning the ground,
Asparagm haulm may now
and giving a good dressing of rotten manure.
In the case of
are
covered,the manure
onlyvery lightly
young plants which
such Strawberries as are grown in England, far surpassing might be mixed with a quantityof leaf soil,and a good solid
those of France ? That excellent but very fleeting
Pear Beurig
coat of this,2 or 3 inches thick,applied. Take care to pot or
Superfin,when grown in the North Biding of Yorkshire as our
lay in a sheltered situation a good store of Cape Broccoli,
friend the Eev. W. Eingsley grows it,instead of ripeningat the
and Grange'sWhite Broccoli.
The fine dry weatb er
Cauliflower,
end of September, and decayingas fast as it ripens,as it does
have had of late has been particularly
favourable for taking
we
with us, is one
and Parsnips. The ground which they occuPears at Thirsk,and, up Beet, Carrots,
of the finest December
pied
if we
should be trenched, and where
not mistaken, Mr. Kingsleyhad kept it even
till
the soil is clay or strong
are
loam it should be ridged,
that the frost and air may act on as
Christmas.
large a surface of it as possible. Celerymust be earthed- upin suitable weather,and a supply of Endive must
be
carefully
blanched. Jerusalem Artichokes keep well in the ground, and
be taken up as required. To prevent the frost from injarcan
be cut oS within 5 or 6 inches of
ing them the stalks may now
the surface,
and laid between the rows, or a quantityof leaves
other vegetable refuse may
be wheeled
them
or
to
amongst
the ground. The best plan,in respect to Parsnips,is to
cover
let them remain
in the ground, and trench them
out fresh as
to have
of the year take care
requiredfor use ; at this season
mulch
a good coatingof manure
or
spread over, so that in the
event of frost it may always be easy to get at them.
Proper
be made
must
sowings of Peas and Beam
immediately,but if
this has been delayedthe seed should be soaked in warm
watt r
for six hours to hasten the growth. Ground
be premay now
pared
for new
of ^sparagws,Sea- kale, and Rhubarb
plantations
;
and as these are
stowed
permanent crops, every care ought to be bethe thorough preparationof the soil. It ought to
on
be in each case 3 feet deep,thoroughlytrenched, manured, pulverised,
and drained ; where, too, the soil is exhausted
it ought
with loam.
Clear away dead leaves from old
to be renewed

growing crops, and fillup blanks wherever

FKUIT

they occur.

GAKDEK.

to prepare
for
planting by draining,
trenching,and pulverisingthe soil,and after plantingtie them
looselyand mulch in good time. Clear away all dead leaves
the green fruitfrom the Fig,
from the wall trees,and remove
The established strong-growingfruit trees that are plow in producing
fruit should
be root-pruned. If the trees are planted
the
soil
has
been
raised
about
them
since
or
too deeply,
fork the roots out carefully
and plant
planting,by all means
and
again on the surface,spreadingout the roots judiciously
If trees to be operated upon are plantedhigh
mulching them.
and dry, fork about them at a reasonable
distance,and prune
back the main
or
strongestroot. Easpberry plantationsmay
Continue

fruit-tree

be cleared of the dead canes

and eupeiflaous wood ; the suckers
should be taken off,and, where required,the strongestshould
be at once
The most successful way oi
planted for succession.
is to add enough
cultivatingthe Strawberryat this season
between
the rows, which are, in general,nearly3 feet
in the centre.
to dig it in only a spade's width
It will,perhaps,be feared that the roots will be cut,as is really
the case, but that is done intentionally,
having been found by
manure

apart, and

experience to be beneficial

Sinclair Pear.

The Fear we
figureto-dayis one of those from which we
learn the lesson,that what we often regard as an inferior fruit
of the greatest
and unworthy of cultivation is in reality
one
indebted to the kindness of
excellence.
For this Pear we
are
Sir Archibald
Dunbar, of Dofias House, in whose garden,

; its necessary tendency is to check

in the leaf up to the period when the blossoms
time
the
fruit
is swellinga new
set of white
the
By
appear.
roots will be found to have taken possessionof the dug liije,
which, with the decomposed matter of the old Strawberry
contains everything
and a small amount
of manure,
runners
of the plant. At the end o"
for the sustenance
necessary

overlaxuriance

Februaryor the beginning of March the old leaves are entirely

Our figuregives an exact reprewas
grown.
sentationcat
off,and a little soil is drawn to the crowns.
and our reason
of the size and form of the fruit,
for
FLOWER
GAKDEN.
bringingit thus prominentlybefore the notice of our readers
Those who propose making additions to their collections of
reside in the north and
of them who
is,that the large number
Eoses should do so at once, as there will be a better chance oi
similar situations may
know
that in the Sinclair Fear they
than after the nursery stock has
obtaining good plants now
have one of the best October fiuits this climate can produce.
is also very
been
repeatedly picked. The present season
The
fruit is very handsome, with a smooth, clear,lemonfavourable
for planting all but tender sorts,which had better
coloured
The
skin,with a faint blush of red next the sun.
be kept under
glass until next May ; but these should be procured
flesh is fine-grained,
butteryand melting,very juicyand sweet,
be placed in a gentle heat
and if they can
at once,
with a slightmusky perfume.
and furnish cuttings
throughout the winter,they will grow freely,
This was raised by Dr. Van Mons, and was named in honour
In preparing
which will root justas readilyas a Verbena.
Bart.
of Sir John Sinclair,
ground for Eoses, let it be trenched at least 2 feet deep, and
mixed
to the fall depth of
very heavily dressed with manure
WOKK
FOR
THE
WEEK.
the soil. It is hardly possibleto make the ground too rich fov
the autumn-blooming kinds.
GAKDEN.
KIICHEN
any kind of Eoses, particularly
near

Elgin, it

out manures,
ing,
composts,earths,mud, Sse. ; trenchwalks,and repairingold ones, are
draining,making new
at the present season
in this
amongst the principaloperations

Wheeling

Four

or

five inches of rotten

farmyard dung will not be

too much

rather poor. Large-headed standards

when the soil is naturally
should be cut back
that have done blooming for the season

382

JOtJBNAIi

OF

HOETICULTUEB

AND

somewhat

freelyto leBsen the chances of their being injuredby

heavy gales of wind. Where walks are in good condition bat
should be had to hand-weeding,
weedy, recourse
for the use of
the hoe

COTTAGE

GABDENEB.

[ November

16, lan.

of the winter.
Of course, the litterremains
until the
is cleared,which
is done on
a
fine day, the rough hay
being lifted off the plantsand laid in littleheaps for future use.
When
Cauliflower is planted rather
in beds,or on a
most
crop

and rake should be avoided at this season

much
as
as
thickly
harm
than good by breaking up
possible. These tools do more
narrow
sloping bank, such coveringshould often be taken off
the surface,
whilst the destruction of weeds is not secured
Those
and replaced,as it will ever
be more
effectualin proportionto
walks which are overrun
with Starwort,
Liverwort,and the various
its dryness. Had we at libertya secure
placeunder glass,such
mosses, had better be dug over with the spade,thereby patting as the floor of an
orchard house, we
would have raised a lot
the whole out of sight, and presenting a new
surface ; this
with balls,
with the certaintythat they would aftercarefully
wards
when rolled down smooth
willhave a neat appearance
for some
require less trouble. The above mode, however, has
months.
often answered
in rather sharp winters.
even
The covering
AMD
OKEBNHOUSE
CONSERVATOKY.
the ground and stems with litterin such a case, is of importance,
Guard
against damp by givingair freelywhen the state of
as tendingto keep the ground and the roots warm.
the weather permits,and use
fire heat only when
it is indispensable,
FRUIT
GARDEN.
and then as sparinglyas consistent with the safety
We could not move
under protectionour
Strawberryplants
of the plants. It will probably be
to force many
in pots,but as they stood in beds we run
necessary
litterall round
some
a
succession of bloom for the conserplantsgently to secure
vatory,
to protectthe outside rows
of pots, and then covered them over
few
as
plants will make much progress at this season
with dry litter. So long as the heat in the ground is prevented
unless encouraged with more
than an ordinarygrowing temperature. from escaping,a very littlelitter all over
the top will prevent
Where
forcingmust be resorted to, avoid subjecting the soil being so frozen as to afiect the roots.
We have thus
the plants to a very high temperature,which is
them
the
all
injurious
the
litterfrom the top of
very
kept
winter,removing
to many
the flowers to fall much
things,and causes
the plantson fine days. They would be stillsafer from cold if
sooner
than if the heat were
suited to the habit of the plants.Take advantage
this advantage they are
plunged, but then to counterbalance
of unfavourable
weather
for ont-door work to get the
We would preferhaving
apt to suffer from too much moisture.
of
foliage
CameUias, Orange trees,"-c.,thoroughlycleaned,for such pots,especially
all those intended for early work, under
this is very essential to their health.
Look over the plantsin
glass,
plunged or unplnnged. The latter would not be necessary
the greenhouse frequently,
and
examine
where there was
artificialheat, if a littlecoveringover
no
very closelythose
the
which are liable to suffer from mildew and damp, such asLesohewere
given in the severest weather.
top
naultiaa and Boronias,for a short spellof neglectwill sometimes
Grapes in the orchard house have neither been so good nor
result in the disfigurementof a promising plant. Boronias, so well
ripenedas in previous years, owing to the coldness of
Leschenanltias,Gompholobiums, "o., are very impatient of the first part of the summer.
In most cases
north of
much
cold
to
and
if
be
wintered
exposure
dryingwinds,
they must
London, Grapes in unheated
glasscases will depend much on
in the same
house with the hardier kinds of greenhouse the sun of the summer.
Grapes in a wide late vinery, with
plants,they should occupy a part of it where they will not two pipes in front,have hardlyshown halt a dozen of decaying
be exposed to cold draughts,though air must
be admitted
by berries. A littleartificialheat is,therefore,
an
advantage where
the top sashes freelyon fine days. Young specimens of Azaleas
Vines
The
Messrs.
Lane
did wonders
in their
are
grown.
which have been growing in heat had better be removed
to a
simple orchard house at Berkhampstead, but they did greater
cool house
for a few months.
This will cause
them to start wonders
when
they took advantage of the hot-water pipes.
more
freelyin spring. Keep Cinerarias and other softwooded
In the Peach
house we
faced,
pruned, cleaned the front,and resurplantsclear of green fly,and endeavour to secure stockyspecito
mens
so as
get the floor and every available space covered
by afiordingthem sufficient pot room, and admitting with boxes of bedding plants. The firstlot that we consider to
Jresh air freelywhenever
the weather allows.
Cinerarias are
be quite sate from damp and frost we
will fiud room
for elsewhere,
rather liable to be attacked by mildew at this season
if this
when
heat to the Peaches
them
to
.

enemy

makes

its appearance

we

apply sulphur immediately.

"

W. Keane.

DOINGS

OF

THE

KITCHEN

LAST

WEEK.

GABDBN.

Observation has led us to the conclusion,that in a growing

brightmoon
have the coldest air in the evening, and in a
we
have the greatestdegree of cold in the
waning brightmoon
we
In
morning.
a mild
after the new
evening,therefore,
moon,
with a thermometer about 40",we would not be so particular
in
"givingadditional covering or firingto prepare for a frosty
morning. On the other hand, with a waning moon, rising
from midnight and onwards, and with signsof a falling
mometer
therbefore dark, we
should like to be prepared for the
very probablecold of the morning. In such cases, and, perhaps,
in others,the greatestcold is often at sunrise or shortlyafter.
We
believe that if the direction of the wind, and the state of the
atmosphere cloudy or clear and even
the age of the moon
taken into consideration,some
were
of the evils might be
from under and over protectionand firing.
avoided that come
We
have given no
Cauliflower.
protection as yet to the
under
rather like them to have
hand-lights,
as we
young plants
of frost, Pine plants coming in for use, we
a touch
did not
treat in any of the ways alluded to the other week, as we could
not well place them under protection. Had we taken them up
could hardlyhave put them in more
we
thicklythan a pieceof
Veitch's that is coming in. Where the heads are stillbut half
the size we wish them, we find that the lifting
of the plants
and layingthem in,however carefully,
has a slighttendency to
affect the compactness of the head, and singularlyenough
plantsthus treated have always been more
attacked by rats and
mice than those standingwhere theywere
planted. As we had
some
long litter to spare, and as the plants were thick,we
heaped this up lightlybetween the rows a little above the
flower centre, and then laying a nice Cauliflower leaf
across,
we
put a littlehay along the tops. The hay was some
rough
stuff with leaves and bits of sticks in it,a supply of which is
aseful on an
have kept Cauliflowers,
By such means
emergency.
we
Walcheren
Broccoli,and Snow's Broccoli,through
"

"

"

give more

bring

This we do only because the room

is valuable,as the end
of this month, and the whole of the nest
is the most
trying
time to bedding plantsin cold frames or pits,with the exception,
of
w
hich
do
better
without
perhaps,
Calceolarias,
any
artificialheat.
on.

ORNAMENTAL

When

DEPARTMENT.

wrote last week we could have gatheredbaskets of

bloom from the flower beds ; now
littlecan
be obtained except
some
Violets,Salvias,Lupines,Phloxes,and Chryaanthemums.
The frost of the week
has destroyednearlyeverything aboveof
ground. The Ageratums, that eightdays ago were a mass
in a fit state for retirement.
Our scarlet
grey flowers,are now
Geraniums, cuttingsof the previousSeptember and March, not
only bloomed freely,but grew so strongand thick that,though
the tops were
well lower down.
injured,the plantswere perfectly
and put them
under cover, in order to
We took up a number
lot
the
week.
another
referred
other
as
to
pack
They
away
will thus suit our
purpose as well as those taken up early; and
so
long as the plants remain fresh and show a good deal of
undesirable to break the symmetry of the beds.
bloom, it seems
we

easilyobtained than a summer

springdisplayis much more
displayto be kept up into the winter. In consequence of this
several
times had the whole
we
have
flower
practice
of
garden destroyed earlyin November
by means
; but once,
and
coveringwith mats, we had a beautiful show of Geraniums
Calceolarias on Christmas-day.
We went through the usual routine of potting,watering,and
courage
plunging fresh-potted,
hardy plants in a mild hotbed to enfresh rooting. A few bulbs we
in
wished
to come
the
roots
treated
in
the
to
attract
were
same
early
manner,
downwards
whilst the top of the bulb was kept cool. Scarlet
ing
bloomin 6 or 8-inch pots that had been prevented
Geraniums
five
much
in summer,
and were
put under glass some
when
flowers
weeks ago, promise to yielda fine crop of flowers
A

latter

in
Primulas
and Cinerarias also come
of any kind are scarce.
have commenced
useful at this time.
We
securing all the
where a littleheat can be given
most tender plantsunder glass,
thorn until the days lengthen; in the meantime
theyare supplied
with soma
rough protection. E. F.
"

November

16,1871. J
TO

N.B,

HORTICULTURE

AND

CORRESPONDENTS.
remain

Many questionsmust

"

OF

JOURNAL

unanswered

imtil next

week.
Books
(Thornhill). Gordon's
you wish for.
"

Our

Voldmes
and

December,

"Pinetum"

and

Supplement is the

book

in Jane

and

(T. S. Jones). They end the last Thursday

"

an

index

is

soon

alter

publishedfor

each

six-months

volume.
Seedling
Fuchsia
(B.fl".,
Bournemouth)." The Fuchsia, we think, has
some
merit, as lar as we could judge from the bloom, which was very
of the Royal
much
withered.
Wby not send it to the Floral Committee
Horticultural Society ?
Parsnips
recommend
salesmen.

(J.D.)." We
dealers.

In

do not know

the wholesale price, and

a list of Covent

Kelly's Directory is

we

never

Garden

rich-coloured
and
Seedling
Coleus
((?.J5J.)."The leaves are
beading of green good ; but there are such legions of these varieties
that we
"some
fear it would not be remunerative
very like yours"
about it.
expend money

the
now

to

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

383

if we
did not continue
the heating in the orchard house, we
would
leave the greenhouse heating just as it is,only on the flow-pipe,as near
the boiler as convenient, we would cut the pipe so as to fix a valve to
would fix another
open or shut at pleasure. On the top of the boiler we
flaw-pipe 1 inch in diameter, provide that too with a valve or stop-cock,
take that small pipe through the greenhouse, and join it to the pipes in
the orchard house by cap, blank socket,or blank spigot. You would thus
havB only the extra small pipe passing through the greenhouse, and with
that exception you
could heat
ever,
each house
separately. One thing, howbear in mind"
ever
to put a fire on without
you must
namely, never
plosion.
opening the valve of one of the two flow-pipes,or you will have an exIf these matters should be deemed
too troublesome, we would
advise growing some
pot Vines in your present greenhouse, and making
that
as
house, where
you
say it will have all the sun
your new
possible,
think will be best for everythingexcept the Vines.
we
Pine
Austrian
(C.H".),-The Austrian Pine requires to be protected
from
to be out
of their reach
sheep until it is sufficiently
grown
London
dung can be procured from all the London railway stations,and
at any of the stations the information
on applicationto the master
as ta
price and carriage can be obtained.

New
Plum
(A Green PZitwi)."We would recommend
to grow the Transparent Gage. It is a fine fruit.

Stove
Boiler
(J.P.)."The SO-inch boiler will heat your house amply,
but we
have no faith in your doiug so by having, according to your plan,
your boiler above the ground, first raising your pipes, and then at once
sinking them below the level of the bottom of the boiler. For an openbe level with, but not below, the part that
topped boiler the pipes may
To
comes
make
directly from the boiler.
plan answer
you would
your
require to have air-pipesat all the bends, and then there would always be a
risk. It is quite as natural for hot-water to rise as for hot air to do so. It
is always unadvisable to take any hot-water pipe,even
a return
one, below
the level of the bottom
of the boiler. For such a house
you would want
four4-inch pipes in the front of the house, besides a flow and return at each
end, or three pipes all round except the back. Your sinking the boiler
enough outside,or even inside to be fed from the outside, would save all
difficulties; and then we would have a short chimney outside instead of
takingan iron tube inside across the gable end of the house. That alone
would most
of trouble as respectsred spider.
likelyprove a fertile source

yoninpreferenc"

Pruning
Pyramidal
Fruit
Trees
{W. Frodsham)." If your pyramid
fruit trees have made
vigorous young
shoots,we would shorten them to
about two-thirds of their length, and if too thicklyplaced thin them
out.
Cut the shoot at an
outside bud, so that the leading shoot which will
direction.
from
the
bud
will
take
outward
For
an
top
pyramid
grow
trees summer
pinching and pruning are best,as theyinduce fruitfulnesa.
All the pruning that Gooseberry bushes require is to regulate the young
shoots by thinning them
out where crossing each other, and cutting th"
ends of those that remain;

There
be
Dendrobium
pormosum
can
{C. M. Jlf.).this plant is epiphytal,though it succeeds
admirably
most
The
others of the same
pots ar"
genus.
which
should be
filled to two-thirds of their depth with crocks, over
placed a mixture nf chopped sphagnum, fibrous peat, lumps of charcoal,
and a little silver sand, with crocks, the whole compressed firmly and
Writing
Let the roots of the plant alone be covered,
on
Engraving
Glass
or
(A Young Gardener)." The following, rising well above the rim.
which we extract from
with the compost, when it is as much
at home
"The
Mechanics'
as if it were
growing on
as if written
Magazine," seems
"
it does not
and
finds that words
M. A. Wilbaux
by anticipation for you.
designs the trunk of a tree. Being a native of Nepal and Moulmein
be printed on glass by the use
of type made
of any suitable elastic
vinery
require a very high temperature, and will,indeed, grow in a warm
may
admirable
If the plant is in
The
material.
of Orchids.
porated
incoran
place for a great number
printing ink coutains,however, fluoride of calcium
with it,and when
the glass which
has been
thus printed on is
good health and in good growth, place it in a house with a temperature
of 45" to 50",and
from
submitted
now
to the action of hot sulphuric acid,suliphateof lime is formed,
until March
give only a sprinkling of water
In March
to keep the pseudo-bulb from
betimes
and hydrofluoricacid set free, which
shrivelling
u".
yon
immediately attacks the glass in
the place of its birth. On
50^ to 55*^,
increasing
subsequently washing off the ink stains,"c., may put it in a vinery with a temperature of from
in a few weeks
the design is found to have been beautifullyetched upon the plate."
to G0" at night, and also sprinkle it overhead
ing
every mornit will start into flower and afterwards
for the first fortnight,when
Eden
Garden
of
{Querist). No certainty has been arrived at as to
into new
be encouraged with moisture to make
growth. It should now
its locality,consequently it cannot
be told whither Adam
journeyed. a
and on
that
good
growth,
being
completed and the bulbs being firm,
Our correspondent adds""
An English writer says in his advice to young
but try to obtain a complete maturation
keep it dry and moderately warm,
married women,
'that their mother
a
Eve married
gardener.' It might
to light and air. The flowers come
from
the base of the old
by
exposure
added
be
that the gardener, in consequence
of the match, lost his
leaves,and each pseudo-bulb will produce fresh leaves and a now pseudosituation,"
bulb from its base, or sometimes
from other parts.
Evergreen
Shrubs
(C S. H.)."Yon should have said how many
American
Cranberry
Culture
{F. B.). The treatment you describe
kinds you need, for they are numerous.
We will name
about a dozento have
given your plants ought to have had a difl'erentresult,
Arbutus
Unedo, Aucuba
japonica, Eorberis Aquifolium and Darwinii, yourself
Buddlea
globosa,Laurel, Portugal Laurel, Cotoneaster. Crataegus Pyra- but we fear you erred in the qnestion of soil,and also with regardto the
need
water in the ditches,which
sisted
not be very deep. Though peat is incantha, Escallonias,Kalmia latifolia,
Laurustinus, and Rhododendrons.
it does well in a compost of equal parts
on
by some
cultivators,
Blaok
Bess
Strawberry.
We are informed
that it is the same
as
turfy peat, leaf soil,and sandy fibrous loam.
It may be planted in single
Empress Eugenie.
in beds 4 feet in width, and the same
rows
distance apart,water
being
Glass
for
Vinery
{J. 8.). Had your house been for flowering plants, made to circulate a foot below the surface of the beds in a small ditch
The
we
would have said.Have ribbed shaded glassfor the roof,and clear glass between.
position should be southerly,and not shaded by overhanging
for the front. For
Vines and fruit trees we
would
trees,and a top-dressing of decayed leaves and sandy peat should be
say, Decidedly use
clear 21-oz. glass,or heavier if you do not mind the expense.
Our
applied every November.
correspondent wishes to know if any of
our
readers cultivate this plant,what is their estimate
of it as a froitWindow
Plants
We do not think anything would
suit your
(G. "7.)."
bearingbush, and what their mode of treatment.
window
better, after Chrysanthemums, than the yellow-flowered
Treatment

no

as

doubt

of

that

pot plant like

"

"

"

"

"

Cytisus
for a dwarf, Cytieus Attleeanus.
or
A
racemosus,
compact plant in the
look very well.
centre,with blue and red Hyacinths on each side,would
Coronilla glauca also blooms well in a window
; the flowers are yellow.
Early Cinerarias also do well if the leaves are frequently damped, and if
from frost. Both the Cytisus and the Coronilla would
merely ]j;ept
quire
reto be lifted from the window
in severe
frost. As a hardy plant,no
fire being used, you might have a good-sized variegated Holly,an Aucuba,
or

even

Orchard

Laurustinus

that would

House, Position,

bloom

all the winter.

Mediterranean
Heath, Propagation
cuttings
(A Sttbscriber)."Ta,'ke
of the young
shoots when
their bases are rather firm,and stripping
off the loaves from half the length of the cutting, and paring its base
the sides of a pot clear of each other.
The
smooth, insert them round
pot should be first filled half its depth witb drainage and a littlerough
peat, and then to witbin
three-quarters of an inch of the rim with very
fine sandy peat,the whole being covered up to the rim with silver sand j
water
After standing a few hours put in the
gently and press firm.
cuttings,and place them in a cold house or pit covered with a hand or bellglass. Keep close and moist, shading so as to lessen the necessity for
watering, and when the cuttings have struck,as you may know by their
growing, admit air gradually. Pot them off when well hardened, and
keep them in a cool house or pit over
the winter,planting out in the
spring. They may also be wintered in the cutting-pots,and planted out
in spring after being well hardened.

the ground being

occupied by tree roots which you cannot move,
the frait
you
may grow
trees in pots, setting the latter on
slates or tiles,otherwise the roots
would
be apt to interfere with the pots. Such a house, even
though
receiving little direct sun
after two o'clock,but heated with hot water,
would be better for Grapes in pots than a more
exposed span-roofed house
that had no heating, as in some
seasons
the Grapes do not ripen well
when
Vine
Transplanting
merely under
Vine which
has been growing
glass,though much may be done with abundance
of
(Amateur)."Yonr
sunshine, and shutting the ventilators early. For Peaches, Nectarines, out of doors for six or seven
until March,
should not be moved
years
In the meantime
Cherries,Plums, "c., we
should prefer the span-roofed house
have the border well drained,taking out the soil if not
with
the
Bides facing east and west, and the ends north and south, even
of a light sandy nature, and
rubble
the drain
9 inches to
placing over
with no
1 foot deep, covering the whole with 2 feet 6 inches to 3 feet of turfy light
heating; and if we placed Vines in pots there,we would make a division
and have them
with lime rubbish and a few half-inch bones.
If the soil is
by themselves, so that we could treat them a littledifferentlyloam, mixed
as respects ventilation as soon
light and sandy it will not be necessary todo more
than drain the borderj
as
growth had fairlycommenced.
If you decide on having your new
if the ground is dry, not even
house in line with the present greenor
the lime rubbish and bones will be
hou3e, and if the pipes in the new house would run in the same
will answer
well for one Vine.
required. The width of border you name
line and
level,you may easilycontinue
pipes in the orchard house, but the
your
CoLEUSEs
Wintering
(Iclem).~They should be protected and have a
latter will not be qnite so warm
the former.
as
Again, though by
temperature of from 45'^to 50" by fire heat, being watered
only when they
having the circulation in the greenhouse complete, and the addition
become
dry, and then moderately. They suffer most
from damp and
made
by valves,you could then heat the greenhouse without heatingthe
cold. Young plants winter more
safelythan old plants,and are better
orchard house, you cannot
heat the orchard bouse without first heating
We
every way.
put in cuttings early in September, and have them now
the greenhouse. Yonr case
is similar to that alluded to in the second
compact bushes in 4|J-inchpots in acool stove. They are extremely useful
and all the difficulty
be avoided if your boiler
column, page Sf:6,
would
for decorative purposes, and endure a dry atmosphere very well.
had been placed between the two houses.
It is always well to be able to
Names
Fruits
of
(F. 8. Milham).~l, Beurr^ Clairgeau; 2,Northern
heat each house separately. Thus you might wish to give more
heat to
Spy ; 3, Birmingham
Pippin ; 4, English Godlin ; 5, Scarlet Leadington.
the Vines when
in bloom, and again to perfect the ripening,when
heat
G.
Nouveau
Poiteau.
(G.
S.)."
(J. Green)." Emile d'Heyst.
would not be at all wanted
in a common
greenhouse. You might, it is
true, neutralise the extra heat in either case by extra ventilation ; but
Nadies
of
Plants
("^.
P.)." Spindle Tree, Euonymus
europjeus.
(T.L,
this involves extra expense for fuel. With
Mayo),"lj Pteris serrulata ; 2,Pellsea hastata ; 3, Nephrolepisexaltata ;
your present arrangement,
"c.

(r.E. Jones)." From

JOURNAL

384

HOETICULTUKE

OP

7, Selapiaureum;
4, N. acuta; 5, Lomaria lanceolata; 6, Polypodinm
nella Martensii ; 8, Pteris quadriaurita ; 9, P. cretica albo-Uneata ; 10,
Platyloma rotnndifolia
; 11, Aspleniatn flaccidum ; 12, Polypodium vulcamjethiopicum ; 14, A. euneatum
; 15,Polypodium
gare ; 13,Adiantum
bricum
; 17,B. insignis(B.incarnata) ;
; 16,Begonia Dregii (B. parviflora)
{Goodness).~CoBmo3 diversifolius var. atro-sanguineus,
18, B. coccinea.
native
of Mexico.
(Mrs. B.). 1, Polypodium
2, Asplenium
aureum;
nitidum.
neapolitanicum, Teu., native of Italy.
(Eus/t)."Cyclamea
(C M. Major). Your Orchid is Calanthe vestita var. rubro-oculata. Masillaria aromatica, otherwise Lycaste aromatica, is about as distinct from
two
(Donna
plants need be.
this as any
Serafina). 1, Polypodium
falcatum ; 3, Asplenium
lucidum ; 4, Pellasa
aoreum
; 2, Cyrtomium
adiantifolia ; 5, Leyceateria formosa ; 6, Solanum
pyracanthos. Altermantheras
require the temperature of a warm
greenhouse during winter,
should be potted in a light soil,and be kept moderately dry. Begonias
water
than is
require stove treatment, and to be supplied with no more
kinds will, however, be in bloom
this season.
For
many
necessary;
"generalcultural directions on all sorts of plants we cannot do better than
the
tions
recommend
Cottage Gardeners' Dictionary," in which brief instrucare
Price
12s. Gd.,to be obgiven nnder
every individual genus.
at our
office.
{Curious)."!, Selaginella Brauniana
(S. pubescens) ;
2, Nerine pulchella; 3, SelaginellaMartensii; 4, Corydalis lutea.
"

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

[ November

16, 1871.

show much
to desire as regardsfluff and cushion before theyare eqnal
to the birds of years ago in these cardinal points of a Cochin.
The
cup pen had one grandbird,thoughwith a bad comb ; the other much
smaller.
Second fair in shape, a good match, and remarkably
fin9
Mr. Taylor'sthird-prize
heads and combs.
birds were very similar,
and
the second and third prizesmust have been hard to decide.
The class
for Silver Buffs contained onlyone entry of very poor quality,
but the

"

cup

was

awarded, we
public."

for the sake of

think,very injudiciously

"

cerning
dis-

"

"

POULTRY,

BEE,

AND

PIGEON

CHRONICLE.

13 to 15.
The cap pen of old Partridges
contained a grand hen, but
the cock hardlythroughthe monlt, which did not set him off well
; he
struck us as heavyand clumsy,but had beautiful legsand feet. Second
handsome
but small
a
hen, and cock a deal of brown in his
thighs.It is quiteplainthat the Judges do not now consider this
"

latterought to disqualify
a
good bird,and the fact should be noted.
Third a fine cock, but hen not in condition,
otherwise we
believe this
first. The best hen was
in pen 177, but
pen would have been probably
the cock was
The
fine in
as
poor.
cup and second cockerels were
plumage as could be wished, besides being of excellent shape; the
metallic rich glosstheyshowed has been rare lately.
Third was
a mere
raw
chicken,though very promising.Many of the birds were far too
pulletsgood,but not a match, and one had
First-prize
poor in feather.
far too much
tail. Second
bird being
decided mistake,one
was
a
and we
should ourselves have put
quitewanting in breast-pencilling,
the third-prize
and
first,
second,
first-prize
given Mr. Tudman's 202
third.
This class was
have seen, and good
not so good as some
we
matches
were
made placingthe pens a doubtful matter.
rare, which
have
since
heard
that
Mr.
of
none
Tudman's birds arrived in time.]
[We

CRYSTAL
PALACE
POULTRY
SHOW.
show of poultry
at the Crystal
a first-class
Palace ; but
expected
"we
confess,rememberingthe earlier date fixed on this occasion,we
of the collection brought
at the magnitudeand quality
"were
surprised
16 to 18.
All the prizeold Whites
good Cochins in shape,
dred
together.Nearly fifteenhundred pens of poultryand over nine hunand well feathered,but not one
of the cocks was
free from
entirely
of Pigeons testify
to the popularity
of this new
Show, and the confidence
which
and more
erels
seems
becoming more
prevalent.The cockfelt in its Committee
of Management by the fancyat large; yellow,
better
in
that
but
still
able.
were
white
not
so desircolour,
pearly
pure
and such a number
of entries is indeed treading
very close on the heels
extra well-developed
an
bird, good in nearlyall
First-prize
-ofBirmingham.
points.Second and third rather narrower, and third rather poorly
Last year, as is well remembered, there were
faults to be
many
In pallets,
the second-prize
have been cup
must assuredly
found with the details of arrangement. On this occasion it gratifies feathered.
but for a comparative want of feather,beingbest in shape,
size,and
to the excellent manner
in which the birds were
^is to be able to testify
colour ; but all were
good,and this was the beat of the White classes.
shown.
The
wire hacks of the pens, which before worlied so
open
We

were

"

much

evil,were

now

covered

with

calico; and

the

long

rows

This

BRAHMAS.

of pens

lasted the
so
long as daylight
beingplacedin the nave, in fall light,
for performing
their really
arduona
duties.
Judgeshad every facility
leads us, in fact,to the greatestdefect in the arrangements the
Judges'work was too arduous. They worked with a will,and without
'intermission; but we cannot consider three Judgessuflicient
for fifteen
"

hundred pens of fowls,and the consequenca was that many awards had
in failing
to be made
lightand under other disadvantages
; and the
whole with greater dispatch
than is advisable,
and at a Show of this
class in.particular.
DOKKINGS.
Classes 1 to 3. The cups for old birds were
secured by the grand
3Rose-combs of Mr. Martin, who stillkeepsup the credit of the Holmes"

The cup old Dark

19 to 22.
cock was
a
trulygrand bird and well
worth
his place;colour,shape,feather,size
all good. The
other
much
and the third was
in our opinionbetter
two prizes
criticised,
were
"

"

we
might have made way for at least three
in head, clumsy,and no saddle to speakof. The
others,beingcoarse
hens were
firstremarkable for the three prize pens being every one

than

second,which

think

The cup for

class,while all the others were
comparativelyworthless.
cockerels was rightlywon by the Middleton cap bird,which has changed
hands, and whose developmentis such as is rarelyseen ; but he was
in condition. Second was
but
good in shapeand feather,
by no means
a
hardlythe bird we expected
; and third had
slippedwing. This
of fortyentries.
class rather disappointed
us
on
the whole for one

numbered
and was
about the best on the whole
dale strain.
The
other prizes
and the Dorkings The pullets
forty-four,
were
only middling,
for three seasons.
which we remember
awakened in us very unfavourable anticipations,
which we were
Cup pen splendidlypencilled,
generally
in shape. Second
far better in
pleasednot to find realised by the rest of the Show. The cup cockerel both dark and yet clear,bat narrow
and dark bird,with uncommonly good legsand feet. shape,but not quiteequal,
was
a very large
thoughstill first-rate in marking. Third
and pui'ely
but poorly
and lyithsame
The next two prizeswent also to birds dark in colour,and this is evifeathered,
dently very clearly
pencilled,
in this class was
fault as the first. The pencilling
the best seen
for a
and should therefore be studied by Dorking-breeders.
preferred
by the Judges,
would
We should have been ourselves inclined to award the third long while,and we did not envy the Judges. We
onlysay that
have
the
the
to
which
we
were
24
both
of
which
to
should,
think,
hens,
The
or
were
nearly
25,
cup
gone
prize pen
winning
very good.
in shapeas well as colour.
perfect
Dark, and in size far beyond the rest,which were
too, were
pullets,
23 to 26.
Old Light cocks were
most of them hardlyreadyto show by the middle of November.
The
very poor, nearlyall being of a
The
best bird in all bnt size was
"second and
third were
straw colour.
the highlycommended
well placed,
but later on several of the highly dirty
"

mistake not, was

winner last year, bnt
pen 363, which, if we
pens will usurp their places.
The third-prize
The cup
did not like in any way.
we
All the Silver-Grey
hens in Class 4 were
than usual. was very small.
larger
for
hens
hocked
but heavyto
to
see
both
we
were
a
birds
and
glad
given
decidedly
were
cock
the
of a remarkably
cup pen
genuineDorkings,
good colour ; none of the others free from white on the feathered and beautifullycoloured pairof very good shape and size.
Second very largebut bad colour,being a deep creamy tint. Third
cockerel was
breast. The first-prize
small,but very handsome ; second
but far from equalin colour and carriage. This breed
much larger,
good colour and fair in shape,but very poor in feather. The cup
is not progressing.
Several of the palletswere
largebird,but with no rise in the saddle,
not pure in colour, cockerel a well- developed
but distinctly
striped.
showing a nasty red tingethroughthe silver ; bnt the first were very which we think a great fault ; hackle lightly
and
A
Second
class
Cuckoo
colour,and but for a slipped wing we
for
shape,size,
small
but
good
special
Dorkings brought a
good.
very
This bird,however,
would have selected him for the placeof honour.
and the cup pen was
good collection,
trulyfine,but in both the others
commended
4 to 8.

"

The

the cocks were

in marking to match
the hens.
too light
The
Whites
showed some
both in colour and size j
improvement, in our jailgmeut,
and several prizepens besides the winners were
good.
really

showed
strongly the tendency, now
happilynearly stamped out of
Darks, to gron^ white feathers in the tail. Third best in shape and
Pen 41-i was a specialexample
colour of the class,but far too small.
of the yellowtingewhich is so offensive. Still this class showed some
The pulletsalso were
real advance on last year.
better,the cup pen
reallywell feathered,and good clear colour,though
beinga nice pair,
the hackle should be darker.
the same.
Second much
Third, on the
We
should not
not sure
are
we
contrary,good in hackle, but creamy.
left ont in the cold ;" and
have selected for the cup one of the pens

COCHINS.
in pairs. First-prize
Buffs also were
a
wellBa"E hen, the cock
cock with a medium-shade
shaped deep-coloured
Slavinggrand legsand feather,as, indeed,was the second-prize,the
cock in which was
also a very
lighter,beinga gold tint ; third-prize
dark,almost Cinnamon
cock,very large and fine,but with a hen far
of amateurs
would
for the guidance
we
pointto one of the birds in
too light to be a good match.
But for this,second and third wonld
head
in the class. The
403 as the best singleneck and
Light
probablyhave changedplaces. The cup cockerel was one of the finest pen
the Dark by three I
numbered
forty-seven
beating
pens,
pullets
birds we ever saw
the best shown for four seasons,
certainly
having
SPANISH.
finer development
than of late in fluff and saddle,
with a beautiful sound
colour for breeding,and
27 to 30. In the old cocks the cap and third were
-feathered legs. Second
very good birds,
grandly
good in
of
the
heads ever
the
had
but
second
one
colour and fine,
seen, and we have a
but far from equalto cup in shape. Third very large,
ugliest
for 504 next door ; hot in any
the award was
meant
and an even
left strongsuspicion
gold colour over the top ; tail too long,but honestly
The cup
all in. The same
should have given either second or third to pen 508.
we
exhibitor showed an unnoticed
cockerel (pen145), case
of the rest were
but none
which when he has got some
hens were
nearly in condition,and
hackle on will probably
be heard of. The
very tine,
The
their value.
on
much
better and more
would not speculate
were
cap cockerel had a
pallets
than last
but still we
numerous
9 to 12.
"

The

old

"

"

"

year,

OF

JOURNAL

386

HORTICULTURE

stone;
Addington Park, MaidStratford,
; E. Ensor, Bristol ; E. J. W.
Hill.Brentwood
jnn., Lichfield;W. Ai'kwright; W*
Lady Gwydyr.
c, E. Kendrick,
Dring. FaverBham
; E. Ensor; J. K. Fowler.
Pw/^cfe"
L.
ArkWright.
"W.
BnAHMiS
2,
S,W.
(Dark)"
Cup.
Arkwright,
H. Lingwood
T.
?ic.Lady Gwydyr;
(2); H. P. Moon, Chippenham;
wrJght.
Pomfret; G. A. Eogers, Shadwell
{2);L. "Wright, c. Dr. Holmes, 'Whitecotes,
Chesterfield : H. P. Morrell (2); E. Kendrick, jun. ; J. Hill ; E. Eneor
J.
R.
H.
M.
2,
Rodbard."
Bbahmas
Maynard.
3,
Capt.
Coffcs."l,
(Light)."
H. M. Majiiard; Mrs. A ."Williamson
Downman.
/(c,Mrs. T. Turner ; M.Leno;
; H. Pi'ior. c, J. Pares, Postford, Guildford.
and 3,F. Crook, Forest HiU.
Brahma
s (Light).~HeHS."Cnp
2,J. R. Rodbard.
lie,H. Dowt ett,Pleehey,Chelmsford.
Rev.
J. M.
Bbahmas
Rice. Bramber
(Light)." Cocto-c/s. "Cup,
Rectory,
he. Mrs. T. Turntr, Ringwood
3. J. Long.
;
Steyniug. 2, Blrs. A. "VVilliamBon.
J. R. Rodbard,
Mrs. F. Chceliire,Acton
Markyate Street, Dunstable;
(8):M.Leno,
F.
"Wrington. Bristol ; Mrs. A. "Williamsen; Miss Hales, Canterbury;
Crook,
c, H. M. Maynsird.
Brahmab
(Light)." P^(//cf.?."l and Cnp, Miss Hales. 2, F. Crook.
S, Mrs. A.
Misa
"Williamson.
/(C.Mrs. A. "Williflmson ; H. Dowsett;
Hales; A. Herbert,
(2); J. Morton, Guildford ; Rev.
Egham
; C. F. Wilson, Totton
; H. M. Maynard
Hales
J. M. Eice; J. R. Rodbard.
(2); A. Herbert; F. Crook; C. F.
c. Miss
"Wilson, Totton.
Bristol.
Spanish."
Co cfcs."l and Cup, A. Rumbold,
2, J. Mansell, Longton.
8, Hon. Miss D. Pennant, Pem-hyn Castle,Bangor,
he,Nichols Brothers, Camberwell; J. R. Rodijara.
H.
Bristol.
Spanish."
Hfns.
W.
2,
Hodgson,
Beldon, Eingley. S, F.
l,
Green.
"Waller, Wood
Spanish."
CocfciTC^s.-l and Cnp, A. Rumbold.
2, Mrs. Allsopp,Walsall.
3, H. F. Cooper,
he,H. Brown, Putney Heath ; Hon. Miss D. Pennant
; P. H.
Jones, Fulhain.
" Gliddon, Bristol.
P"/Zf/fi." 1 and
Spanish.2, E. Jones,
Cup. Boulton
Clifton.
8 and c, H. Brown,
he, W. R. Bull ; J. J. Booth, Silsden.
1 and
Coc/i's.
HocDANB."
Cup, J. C. Cooper, Limerick,
2, Mrs. J. Cross,
he, Mrs. M. A. CharmBrigg, 8, W. Tippler, Duke's Roxwell, Chelmsford,
Dover.
W.
G.
MUls,
bnry :
Dring ;
Hcrw."
HotiDANS."
3, J. Fletcher,
1,J. C. Cooper. 2,W. O. Quibell,Newark.
he, W. Dring; J. K. Fowler; Hills " Co., Round
Hill,Brighton; W.
Snnbury.
E. C. Tisdall,
O. Quibell; W. Tippler, c, G. W. Hibbert,Godley, Manchester;
Pillerton
Rev.
C.
B.
F.
W.
Lostwithiel
Brewer,
Rowland,
Dnng;
;
Epsom;
"Vicarage.
Cocfcs."l
and Cup, E. Smith, Lark
French."
Hall, Timperley.
2, Mrs. J.
Cross.
8, J. J. Maiden, Biggleswade, he and c, W. Dring.
French
2, W. Dring.
(Any other variety).- Hen5.
1, W. Burrows, Diss.
8, E Smith,
; J.
he,T. Waddington, Feniscowles, Blackburn,
c, J. K. Fowler
"

"

"

J. Maiden.
Hametjhghs

(Golden-spangled). !, J. Rollinson, Lindley, Otley. 2. N.

Barter, Plj-mouth. 8, J. Buckley. Ashton-under-Lyne. he, G. Plimley,WhitWolverhampton
Tettenhall;W. A. Hyde,
more,
; J. Rollinson
; T. Blakeman,
Lowestoft;
Ashton-under-Lyne;
D.Lord, Stacksteads, Manchester;
L.Wren,
H. Beldon.
c, E. Brierley. Middleton. Manchester,
Sc Booth, Mottram.
Hambtjrghs
2, D. Lord.
(Silver-spangled). 1, Ashton
3 and he, H. Eelrion. Goitstock, Bingley.
Hamburghs
3, J. Rollinson.
(Golden-pencilled).- 1, 2, and Cap, H. Beldon.
he, N. Barter; J. Preston, Allerton.
Hameuhghs
(Silver-pencilled}.-1, H. Beldon.
2, N. Barter. 8, H. Picklep,
he, J. Preston.
]xin.,Earby.
2, C. Sidgwick.
Hamburghs
(Black).- 1, E. Shaw, Plas Wilmot, Oswestry.
; H. Beldon.
3, J. Walker, jun., Denton,
he,Rev. W. Serjeantson, Acton Bumell
Stowmarket.
8, J.
Game
(Black Reds)." Coc/cs."1,2, and Cup, S. Matthew.
Jeken, Eltham.
fElack
2 and 3, W. E. Oakley. AtherGame
Rods)." Hens." 1, S. Matthew.
NetherW.
H.
stone.
S.
Matthew
J.
Stacrg,
Pope, Bigglebwade (2). c,
; W.
he,
"

"

avnn.

AND

COTTAGE

[ November

GARDENER.

16, 1871.

Berriew, Montgomery,

he, R. Loft,Beverley ; G. Griggs, Romford ; F. Porlett,

W.
F. Cheeklcy, Northampton;
Sidgwick;
T. W.
Rast,
T. Sharpe, Ackworth, Pontefract;
E.
H. Denison, Wobum;
L. Dean, Chepstow;
M. Leno
E. S. Tiddeman,
; J. P.tres ; H. Dowsett. PlesUey, Chelmsford
; Rev.
J. Mnnsell, Langton,
Brentwood:
Staffordshire; H. Brown
; J. F. Sillitoe,
G.
Rev.
W.
Wolverhampton;
H. Mullev;
Serjeantson:
S. Stephens, Jan.,
Stroud ; E. H. Webb.
Chelmsford,
Ebber, near
c, F. W. L. Hind. Kendal.
Selling
Hens."
Class.I,J. Rodwell, Buckingham.
Extra 1,J. M. Proctor,
Hull.
Extra
2, W. A, Bamell, Southwell.
son.
2, H. Brown.
3, Rev. W. Serjeant4, B. Beldon.
Extra
^xtra 3. E. Shaw.
4, R. Loft, he, J. Choyce, Atherstone ; F. ParUtt
H.
; R. W.
Richardson, Beverley (2) ; J. Zinsch, Perry tlill;
Mrs. E. Williams; J. B. Lakeman,"
Lloyd, Birmingham
; H. Brown;
Ips\vich;
Dr. J. More, Kettering; J. D. Clark, Worcester
; J. Forsvth, Wolverhampton.
DulTotnes
c, F. Seccombe.
: F. Webber,
; J. Smith, Petworth
; J. H. NichoUs
wieh ; E. Smith; C. Howard;
Brentwood
H. Dowsett;
Dr. D. C. Campbell,
(2);L. Dean; M Leno; J. Walsh, Forest Hill ; Mrs. E. A. Senior,Aylesbury;
Great

Baddow;

O.

Hastings; J. Stephens, WalsallPri'chard,Wolverhampton; W.

Dr. J. More; H.M.

Maynard.
Selling
Class."
Extra
1, R. Loft, Woodmansey,
1, Dr. D. C. Campbell.
Beverley. 2 and extra 2, H. M. Maynard.
3, Kev. W. Serjeantson. Extra 3,
J. Forsyth, Wolverhampton.
Extra
4, Miss Mill, he, H.
4, C. Bloodworth.
Dowsett
; Col. Har; M. Leno
; W. Tippler ; J. Holt, Little Green, Middleton
Buxted
Rev. G. Chilton, LitUetoa.
coui-t,
Park, Uckfield ; N. Cook, Chowbent;
Guildford
W. F. Entwisle
; Mrs.
Duces
he, J. Holton,Buckingham
; G. W.
(Aylesbury) "1, 2,3,J- K. Fowler,
Greenhill, Ashford; J. Drake, Ongar.
Docks
3, F. Parlett,
(Rouen)." 1, J. K. Fowler.
2, J. Scotson, Little Byrom.
Great Baddew.
he, J. H. Hirt, St. Austel {2); J. Scotson; T. Wakefield, ColJ.Wood.
borne, Newton-le-WiUows;
2 and 3, Mrs.
Ducks
(Black)." 1, F. Pittis.jun., Newport, Isle of Wight.
M. A. Hayne, Fordington (2). he, S. Burn;
G. S. Sainsbary, Devizes
{2).c,
G. S. Sainsbui-y; H. B. Smith, Bronghton, Preston.
Waterfowl)."
Docks
1, S. Bum, Whitby.
{Any other variety and Ornamental
E.C.Gibson;
2,M.Leno.
/(C,C. W. Brierlev; J.K. Fowler;
3, W. B. Smith.
M.
Leno
(2); Rev. N. Serjeantson ; H. E. Smith.
Geese."
3. W. Tippler.
1, S. H. Stott,Preston.
2, J. K. Fowler.
3, J.
Great Baddow.
Turkeys."
1, F. Lythall, Banbury.
2, Mrs. J. Mavhew,
Rodwell.
H. uooper;
Mrs. Dunn,
c, W.
he, Rev. N. J. Ridley, Newbury;
.

Tippler.
Pheasants."

1,M. Leno.

2 and

3, J. K. Fowler,

PIGEONS.
vhc, J,
Cocfcs." 1 and
3, F. Greaham.
Cup and 2, R. Fulton.
(Black Pied)." 1, F. Gresham.
Wallace,Glasgow, he, R, Fulton ; R. Marlin.
(Red Pied)," 1, F. Gresham.
e, J. Wallace.
2, R. Fulton. 8, J. Ure. Dundee,
R. Rose ; E.
he, W.
2, R. Fulton.
3, A. Wright, Morningside, Edinburgh,
Leeds,
c, R. Fulton
; R. Marlin.
{Yellow Pied)." 1 and 3,
Horner, Harewood,
c, E.
Bromwich.
R. Fulton.
he, W. Volckman.
3, A. H. Stewart, West
A.
Stewart.
H.
3,M.
2,
Horner; J. Ure.
(White)."1 and Cup, F. Gresham.
; Mrs.
he, A. S. Thomas
; R. Pulton
Skinner, Fountainbridge, Edinburgh,
class commended.
Whole
(.\ny Colour)." 1, J.
Ladd, Calne (2). J.Wallace.
Pouters.-

3. J. Morrison. Morningside,
McGill, Elie, Fife. 2, F. W. Zm-horst. Dublin.
(Blue or Bluet
Bishopsgate Street Within.
he, W. Volckman,
Edinbui'gh.
Newcastle-on-Tyne.
3, W. B. "Van Haansbergen,
Pied)." 1 and 2, F. Gresham.
2, R. Fulton. 3, P. H. Jones,
(Red or Yellow
Pied)."1 and Cup, H. T. Stewart.
Fulham.
Pouters.-

"

.^

2, K. Fulton.
HcTis." (Blue Pied)." 1 and Cup and 8, F. Gresham.
8, E. Horner.
2, W. B. "Van Haansbergen.
(Black Pied).- 1, A. H. Stewart.
2. W. R. Rose, Kettering. 8, F. Gresham.
(Red Pied).-1, J. Hawlev, Bradford.
wood.
3. N. Hill, Upper Nor2, E. Horner, Harewood.
(Yellow Pied)." 1. R. Fulton.
2, F. W. Zm^
(White)." 1, R. Fnltnn.
Whole
class highlv commended.
(Blue or Black Pied) -1, J. Wallace.
vhc, J. Wallace.
horst.
3, E. Horner,
2 and 3, J.
2 and
8, W. Volckman,
(Blue or Black Pied)." 1, F. Gresham.
Sandc,
2, W.R.Rose.
Wallace.
(Red or Yellow Pied)." 1 and Cup, R. Fulton.

2, E.
{Brown Reds)." CocA's."1,T. Burgess, Burleydara. Whitchurch.
J. Fortune, Moreton
Banks,
S, C. W. Brierley. he, S, Matthew;
A. H. Stewart,
Woolley, Tarporley.
Keighlev.
3, W.
Carriers
(Black)." Cocfcs."l and 2, R.Fulton.
EcclesHem."
I and Cup, T. Burgess.
Game
2, E. Aykroyd,
Addiscombe, Surrey ; R. Fulton.
(Brown 'Reds)."
he, E. C. Stretch; F. T. Wiltshire, Lower
chester;
ManJ. Fletcher, Stoneclough,
hill.
he, E. Aykroyd:
he, W. Woolley ; R. Fulton,
3, C. W. BrierlevSem."l,
2, and 3, R. Fulton,
mingham.
3. H. Yardley, BirJ'Wood, Wigan; C. W. Brierley. c, T. Dyson, Halifax.
2. R, Fulton.
Carriers
S.Matthew;
(Dun)." Cocfcs."1, E. Homer.
2 and 8,
Game
R.Fulton.
2, W.Boyes, Beverley.
Herw."l, F. T. Wiltshire.
(Duckwing)." Ctjcfes.1,S, and Cup, S.Matthew,
?(c,F.T.Wiltshire;
/(c,J. Baker ; H,M.
Maynard; W. Massey.
; R. Hall.
J. C.Ord, Lupus Street,Pimlico.
C, J. Pickles, Mytholmroyd
Game
2, J.
2, W. B. Tegetmeier,
Cup. R.Fulton.
Carriers
(Duckwings). Hcjw.- 1, J.Mitchell, Moseley, Birmingham.
(Any other colour)." 1 and
Goodwin, Liverpool. 8, H. Beldon.
he, G. Hodgkineon, Birmingham.
Finchley. 3, J, Watts,
/w,
Game
2, R. Fulton.
3, W. Massey.
{Any other variety)." Cocfcs."l and Book, C. W. Brierley. 2,W. Sut{Any other colour) "I, J. Watts.
Carriers
J.
JFrith.
S,
Dorset
cliffe,
(2).
W. B. Ford, Weymouth,
Mytholmroyd.
Hallam, Lozells,
Game
3,
{Any other vaiietv)." Hens.- 1 and 2, C. W. Brierley. 3, W. Sutcliffe.
{Blaok)." 1 and Cup and 2, F. T. Wiltshire.
Carriers
Polish
3, G. W. Boothby,
he, R. Fulton ; W. Massey ; W. Siddons " Sons. Aston, Birmingw
(Golden-spangled).-1, 2, and Cup, H. Beldon.
Birmingham,
Ilford.
Louth,
Patrick, West Winch, Lynn ; ham
he, M. Nicholls, Peel, Isle of Man.
c, W.
{2); W. Hammond,
(2).
2, W. Siddons
W. Silvester,Sheffield; P. Unsworth, Lowton, Newton-le-Willows
Carriers
(Dun)." 1 and 3, G. C. Holt, Greenbank, Lawton.
Patrick,
T.
Beldon.
W.
he,
Polish
(Silver-spangled)."!, 3, and Cup, H.
2,
he, F. T. Wiltshire : W. Massey.
and Sons,
T. Waddington,
K. Fulton, 2 and 3, G. HodgkmDean, Keighley; P. Unsworth;
e, G. H. Mulley, Balham.
Carriers
(Blue or Silver)."Foh"{; Hem."l,
Polish
(Black and other varieties)"1, Mr?. J. M. Proctor, Hull. 2, B. Mutton,
he, W. B. Tegetmeier; J. Watts,
son.
2 and
P. "Unsworth.
Brighton, 3, T Dean,
/ic,T. P. Edwards;
3, R. Fulton, vhc, E.
Tumblers
(Almond) "1 and Cup, J. Ford.
Malay."
roM7i;7."1 and Cup. F.
2, H, B, Payne.
he, F. Moore.
1, Rev. A. G. Brooke, Shrawardine, Shrewsbury.
J. M.
Braid, Cambridge,
Horner;
H. T.
Gilbert,
Dalston,
c, F. Moore
; J. M, Braid;
8j J. Hinton.
Moore
8,
2, J.Ware.
1 and
"Variett."
Any
other
Cup, N. Cook.
2, Miss
Road ; E. T. Dew, Weston-super-Mare.
Extra, W. Wildey.
Davis, Lewisham
8, G.
Lynn.
he, G. Anderson, AccringMill, Riskmansworth.
3, W. H. Tomliuson, Newark,
(Baldheads and Beards)." 1 and 2, W. Woodhouso,
ToMBLERs
T. Moore,
W. Groom, Ipswich.
Portsmouth;
ton; A. Coombs, Twickenham;
Bond
Street.
South, New
j
Mrs. E. J. N. Hawker,
Tunhridge Wells.
2, J.Fieldmg, jun.,
C, Rev. F. Tearle, Newmarket;
Tumblers
(Any other variety Short-faced)." 1, F.Moore.
Reds). 1, G. Maples, jun., Liverpool.Rochdale.
Game
Bantams
(Black or Brovra
3, J. Ford,
c, J. Watts.
,,
ter. t.
Peckham.
Halifax;
2, Capt. H. Heaton, Manches2, J. W. Anns, Claphnm.
3, C. Howard,
Barbs
c, J. Oldfield,
(Black or Dun)." 1 and Cup, R. Fulton.
" Gill, Hurnley.
Bellingham
vhc, H. M. Maynard.
3, E.iHorner.
Confc^rp^fl."
and
J.
Fulton.
J.
Fivth,
Dcwsbury.
Game
Bantams
Eaton,
and
R.
(Black Beds)."
Cup
1,
3,
2,
Southwell,
(Any other colour)."!
Barbs
Notts.
2, F. Smith, Birmingham.
he, J. Eaton.
2, W. Adams, Ipswich. 8, T. Sharpies, Rawtenstall.
Founp.-l and Cup. 3. and he, J. Firth.
Barbs."
Notts.
Chelmsford; G. Doubleday, Southwell.
(2); G. H, Gregory, Taunton.
C, E. H.Webb,
vhc, Capt, H. Heaton
Game
Bantams
{Black Reds).- Pu^/pfs.- Cup and 1, G. Todd, Sunderland.
vhe,Capt. H, Heaton, Wors1 and Cup. R. Fulton.
2, P. H. Jones,
Barbs."
Guildford.
T.
Rev.
G.
Fulton,
R,
Fulton.
Chilton,
R.
Sharpies.
c,
2,
8,
lev, Manchester;
vhc, J. Lister,
2, J. Crosland,jun.,
Game
Bantams
1 and
2, Capt. H. Heaton.
Cup, T. Waddington,
(Wheaten)." if"'ns 1, Miss B. P. Frew.
Bards."
3. J. W. Morris. Rochdale.
Wakefield, Yorks.
Keighley: R, Fulton.
Bantams
2 and 8, R. Fulton,
Game
he,Capt,
(Brn^vn Reas)" CocfcercJs.-1, J. Oldfield. 2,N. Abercromhie,
(Red er Yellow).- 1, Capt, H. Heaton.
Jacobins
c, E. Homer
3, J. Pares.
; W. Massey. Spalding,
Trinity,Jersey.
; E. Homer,
H, Heaton
; R. Fulton
Bantams
H. P. Leech, Bnry St. Edmunds.
2. J, Thompson,
Game
(Brown Re^B)." Pullets,"!,
Jacobins
(Any other colour)."! and Cup, Capt. H, Heaton,
chester
3, W. Adams.
he, S. A. Wyllie. c, J. B. Pindcr, Harpurhey, Man2,G. Hall. Kendall.
Bingley. 3,J. B. Pmder.
Bantams
Game
CocTcs.-Cupand 1, J.Eaton.
(Duckwings and any variety)."
; G. Ropor. Croydon.
tt
w
2 and 8,J. Krith, BaVewoll, Derby,
he, T. C. " E. Newbitt, Epworth; Mrs.
(White)-!, H. M. Maynard. 2, Rov. W, Serjeantson. 3, W..H.
Fantails
W. F. Entwisle, Checkcaton.
c, J. Baker, Spring
Newark,
he. G. Ure ; J. Sharpe, Johnstone,
c, t. Sharpies.
Tomlinson.
Hcjzs.-l, J. Crosland, Jan.
Game
Bantams
(Duckwings.
variety)."
Kew
Bridge; J. F. Loversidge, Newark; Rev. W. Serjeantson. 2"i"any
Grove.
3, Bcllingham " Gill.
two cocks, 1988,
2, J. W. Anns.
qiialificd,
t
Bantams
he, J. Wafrta, King's Heath.
2, P. H.Jones.
{Sehrights)." 1, 2, and 3, M. Leno.
Fantails
(Any ither colour)." !, H. Yavdley, Birmmgham.
Petherton.
Randall. Guildford.
c,
Birmingham ; Miss E. C. Frew,
c, G. F. Hodson, North
8, A. H. Stewart,
.i
""
".
.^
R.
W.
KichardLeicester.
H.
E.
Homer.
Street.
8,
Bantams
2, J.Walker,
(Black).- 1,
Draycott, Humberstone,
2,
NuNfl."l, W. Bcarpark.Ainderby
ford
Birkenhead.
c. G. B. Francis, Rom8, R. Fulton. Brocl;loy. he, W. A. Taylor. Manchester,
; H. Yardley : F. Graham,
son.
he, W. Bankes
Belfast.
H. Beldon.
; S. " R. Ashton, Manchester;
Trumpeters
; R. Chase, Birmingham
(Black)"1, 2. 3, and Cup, J. Montgomery.
2, E. Horner,
SerjeantBantams
2, Rev. W.
(Any other distinct vai-iety)."1, E. Smith.
Trumpeters
(Any other colour)."!, W. B. Van HnanaberL-ou.
Cheltenham;
c, W. H,
he, J. Bloodworth,
eon.
; J, Montgomery,
Boulton, Beverley, Yorks.
he,E. Homer
B, W.W.
HiU. Dewsbury.
3, J. Firth, Webster
W.
Woodcock.
H. Beldon.
c, Mrs.
Leicester; C. Gates, Besthorpe, Newark.
Arkwright; W. W. Boulton;
Petworth
J. Watts ; Viscount
; H. Beldon.
Tumour,
2, A. Mangnall. Broughton, BlanoheBtcr,
(English)."!. P. H, Jones.
OvrhH
1 and 2, Rev.
H. J.
Fowls
Plumage
Fly-fishing."
with
for
Scitable
he, J. W. Edge, Birmingham; J, Jicmp, Hasiingden (2). c, A,
3, J. Baker,
"Stokes,Leek.
J.
lie,
2, T. Waddington. 3, P. H. Jones,
!, E. Horaer.
Heath.
Selling
Putney
2, J.
Class." Cocfcs.-l and extra 1, H. Brown,
Heme
Bay; R. Fulton.
Bowes.
Extra
Extra
3, R. Dawson.
Clark, Lochabers.
2, H. P. Moor, Chippenham.
,"
A. Mangnall. 2,E. T. Dew, Weston-aupor-Mare.
TuEBiTs
(Blue or Silver)."!,
Extra 4, Mrs. E. Williams, Henllys
8, Mrs. F. Cheshire. 4, Viscoant
GAiBE
Mann.

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OwLsV'oreign).-

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Tomoar,

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16,1871.]

November

387

GABDE5JBE.

COTTAGE

AND

HOBTIOULTUEB

OP

JOURNAL

J. Watts.
(ICites).
2,J. F. While
Short-paced
(Any other variety).-!,
,
3. Vt. GoSdard, Great Stanhope Street. /ic.W.B.VanHaansbergen. DiiofuaJtOwls."
Foreign."I and Gup, J. Fieldmg, jun. (Blue). 2, J. Watt. (White).
flC(i."W.Boarpark, Stamped in fligbt.
3, J.
3. W. Edge.
2, W. Banked.
t.
a
a
tt
(Blue).English.-l,
he, G. F. Whitehouse
A.
A.
E.
Homer,
and
G.
1
lie,
Boper.
otber
2,
8,
Oolour)."
TcBBira
(Any
Whitehouse.
G.
F.
Watts,
he,
,_._".,
Vander
Meerncb, Tootinff ; J. W. Edge.
3, T. Kobfion. he, G. While ; T.
Tdrbitb."
1, J. W. Edge. 2, W. Bankes.
and 8, E. Horner.
2, G. H. Gregory. Taunton.
Maopibs."I
Eobson.
W.
DKiOOONS
(Blue or SUver)." 1 and Cup, W. K Tegetmeier, rinchloy.2,
! and 9, W. Bankes.
NuNb."
ManOheetham
HiU,
J.
F.
Graham
Holland,
F.
(2)
he,
;
Graham,
Gibson. 8,
2, T. Robson.
Jacobins."
1, R. Saunders.
(White).
TRoMPETERb."l
and Cap, and 2, T. Eobson
Deio'oons(Red or Yellow)."! and 2, F. Graham.
8, G. South, New Bond
G. F.
DEiGooNS.-BJuc1, 2, and 3, W. H. Mitchell, he, F. Graham:
Town
; W. Volckman.
Iw, S. C. Betty, Camden
Street, London.
White."
Whitehouse.
reiioio.-l, W. H. Mitchell. 2 and 3, F. Graham.
2, J. (j.
Dragoons
(White or any other colour}."!, J. Dunn, Newcaetle.
Any other Colour ."l,b
8. F. Graham.
G. F. Whitehouse.
I.H.Adams.
2,
Peckham.
T.
H.
Graham,
F.
ftc,
Dwelly,
Ord, Pimlico.
8,
2, J. Watts.
(Single)."Bfuc.-X. J. Moms.
Graham.
2, No competition.
C. F. Oopeman,
Birmingham. 2, J. Coleman.
Antwbrps
(Short-faced)."!,
3, J
3 and /ic,
W. H. MitcheU.
^ni/ ofJicr Cuiour.-l and 2, W. H. Mitchell.
8, H. Yardley.
,
Morris.
4,H. Adams.
"*"
i*t
Cdmulets."
1,W. B. Tegetmeier. 2 and 3,A. Lubbock, Beokenbam.
J.
ftcJ. Watts.
H. Mitchell.
Massey.
2.
Biiic- ! and
8, W.
Antwerps."
Walden.
Saffron
T.
D.
East
Green,
2,
! and
A.
Moulsey.
Ednts."
S.
Wyllie,
S,
Dun
Chequered."
8 and c, W. H. Mitchell.
2,C. Mugg.
S, Dun "!, J. Coleman.
3, P. H. Jones.
Kitchen, Blackburn.
PooTERS.PioMY
OR
AusTELSN
!,
Cocks." 1,J. Coleman.
2, J. Moms.
J. Coleman.
Sinfffe
1 and 2, J. Massey.
8,
W. B. Tegetmeier.
-nr
tj
3, C. Mugg.
Bay. o3, H.
Any
Varifty."
other
1, T. Waddington. 2, J. Bowes, Home
Magpies.2, T. Eobson.
1,J. Watts.
u.
,
Leicester.
4, A. H. Stuart, he, 1. Waddmgton;
Braycott. Umberstonc,
land
Swallows."
Cup, J. Watts (Blue). 2, F. H. Paget (Yellow).
Yardley |2); W. Goddard.
(Satinettes and
,-,"".
1 and Cup and 2. W. Bankes
of Fancy."
Variety
Any other
J. Thompson.
vhc,
8,J. Baker,
Selling Class.- 1. J. Firtb. 2, T. Adams.
(Almond
and 4, H. Adams
Smole."l
W.
(Manedl.
J.
Edge
he,
Sultanas),
meier.
(2); W. B. Tegethe, H.Pratt; E. Fulton ; J. Firth; A. H. Stuart;J. Thompson
(Black Barh). 3, 1.
Short-faced). 2. J. Watts
Mottled
and
Red
Tumbler
G. H. Gregory; E. Horner; P. H. Jones; W. B.
c, R. W. Richardson;
(Almond Tumbler) ;
Smith
(Black Barb), he,J. Morris (Red Magpie) ; H. Adams
(White Foreign Owl).
i, R. Fulton, he, W- Bankes
j.i8, E. Horner,
J. Ford.
2, J. Bowes.
Selling
Cuss."!,
2, No competition.
ToMBLEHs
(Muif-legged)."BtiicJ;Saddles." 1, G. While.
P. I'Anson, Grantham
; Rev. A. G. Brooke, Shrewsbury.
BoseBlack Mottles." Frizes withheld.
Blue Saddles."! and 2, J. P. While.
Caeeiers
and
op
Pigeons
Paii,s or
op
Fo0E
Collection
exclusive
other
J.
W.
Withheld.
Any
Edge.
8.
J. Watts.
2,
wirWB and Itedbreasts.-l,
8,P. H.Jones.
2, W. B. Van Haansbergen.
PonTEES."!, E. Fulton.
3, No
1,J. Watts.
No competition. Single Bird."
J. W. Edge.
2,
Variety.-I,
J.
J.
Berkley
Square,
!
and
Sparrow,
Antweeps."
Cup,
Pen
Homing
op
BtiWs arut Beards." Prizes withheld. Any other
competition. (Clear-legged)."
3,J. J. Bradley, Birmingham.
GrosTenor Mewa.
2, J. W. Collinson, Halifax.
Prizes
withheld.
Farteii/."
he, W. B. Tegetmeier; B. Oracroft, Austin Friars ; J. J. Sparrow ; A. Webster,
Mr. Edward
Hewitt, of Sparkbrook,
Kirkstall, Leeds ; W. Lund, Shipley, Leeds ; J. Edmonds, Olapbam ; J. Wright
The Judgesof Antwerps were
J. Deakin,
ShefBeld; J. A. James, Woolwich
Manchester;
Eoohdale, near
and
Mr. Betts,of Summer
Street,Edgbaston. The Judges for all
J.
C.'Ord.
c, J. J. Sparrow (2);
(2); A.Ohristy,Cudham.
and
Mr. Yardley ; and for
Hewitt
Mr.
the other fancy varieties were
"oi Poultry:Mr. Edward
Hewitt, Mr. Richard Teebay,
Judges.
the FlyingPiaeons Mr. Massy, of Hunter's Lane, all of Birmingham.
For Pigeons:Mr. E. L. Gorier, Mr. Jones
and Mr. J. H. Smith.
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T. H.

Percival,and Mr.

Bidpeth.
SOCIETY'S

ORNITHOLOGICAL

DARLINGTON
PHILOPEBISTERON

BIRMINGHAM

SOCIETY.

SHOW.

of Management have just held their seventh

The
Committee
to state that both as to the
annnal Show, and it is most satisfactory
meeting has
success, this year's
qualityof the birds and the pecuniary
interest
is excited by the fact
Great
very far exceeded any yet held.
of
of the birds shown have been bred by members
that the majority
the Society
duringthe current year. Three hundred pens competed,
at
with
those
met
our
public
most of them being far behind
generally
of the young
Carriers throughout were
shows.
superb,and some
In Pouters the display
of white birds was magnificent,
so.
ones
especially
being such as is rarelyequalledat any Pigeon show. The
not less worthy of praise
Almonds, and Barbs were
; the
I'antails,
also much better than heretofore.
Owls, Tnrbits,and Jacobins were
in
and
the
the
Dragoon
Antwerp
competition
Oreat, indeed, was
such
well-filled
were
classes,the generalimpressionbeing,never
in'Birmingham. The Variety class,too,
classesof these breeds seen
a feature of the Show.
as to be quite
contained so many new
varieties,
petition
Mr. Yardleysent in a very largecage of quitenew breeds not for comof greatinterest to visitors.
; theyprovedobjects

year's
previous
is occupyinga
certainly
and quality. Yorkshire
lington
in the bird-exhibitionworld,but the Show at Darprominentposition
several others which take a very high place
is one
among
annuallyin the county of Durham.

BIRDS.
YODNG
Btocfc," !,P. Smith, Selly Oak, Birmingham.
2, C. Magg, BromsCAHKtESS."
man,
8 and
he, J. Cole4, G. F. Whitehouse, King's Heath, Birmingham,
T. Robson,
Bromwich
J.
F.
West
While,
Penkridge.
Birmingham;
;
other
Colour.
2 and 3, J. F. While.
Any
I, J.
Dun."!, G. F. Whitehouse.
2, Withheld.
Watts, Hazlewell
Hall, King's Heath, Birmingham.
Pouters."!, 2,3, and he, G. Sturgess, Leicester.
3, F. H.
Fantails."
Heath, Bii-mingbam. 2, H. Adams.
1, G. While, BalsaU
Paget,Birstall. Leicester, he, H. Adams, Beverley, c, J. W. Edge, Birmingham.
2, H. O. Blenkinsop, Newcastle-on-Tyne. 3, H. Adams.
Barbs."!, F. Smith.
H. Adams.
2, No competition.
Almonds."!,
Balds
and
Beards
1,J. W. Edge. 2, No competition.
and c, H. Adams
Shoet-faced
(Red Mottle), 2, H. 0.
(Any other variety)."!

and

grove.

exertions
and the very indefatigable
schedule of prizes,
A LIBERAL
W. Hodgson and
of the Committee and Honorary Secretaries (Messrs.
of
Canaries,
of
entries
359
consisting
birds,
W.
J. Steward),obtained
birds. It was an excellentExhibition.
Mules, and British and foreign
and suitable hall of the
held in the very spacious
The
Show was
entries
hundred more
about one
Mechanics' Institute. There were
of
were
and the birds generally
exhibition,
than at the
first-classbreed

2, W. Bnlmer,
YeHoio.
I. J. Rntter, Bishopwearmontb.
BELGLlN.-CIear
3. S Fetch, HuU
; E. Robinson,
Stockton.
8, R. Robinson, Middlesbrough, lie,
Bulmer.
and 8, J. Eutter
2,W
Clear
Buff.-l
Horton.
Great
M.
Holroyd,
c,
Variegated
(2): J.N. Hal-rison, Darjington. c, J. S.Petch.
he, R. Eohihson
c, K.
3, R. Robmson.
Tieked or Unevenly-marked. 1, 2, and he, 3. Rutter.
-

"

^NoEW"oH.-'C!eai''j"a"e."
" Athersuch,
1 and 3, Adams

Coventry. 2, Moore
Darhngton ;
" Wynne
; W. Watson, jun
,
he, Moore
Northampton,
and Wynne.
" Golby,
e. Barwell
Cox " HiUier, Northampton,
Darhngton;
W. Hodgson,
J. Rutter.
Disquah.Aed.BarweU
J. Cleminson, Darlington;
Northampton:
" Wynne.
2, Smith " Pi-een /le,Adania
and Golby. Clear Buff.-l and 3, Moore
": Beloe, BerwTCk-on-Tweed.
(2); J. H. Dosser, York; WaUace
and Athersuch
" Golby ; Moore
e,3. Devaney, linaresbrough : G. Blackston, Whitby ; BarweU

"

"

Blenkinsop (Almond Tumbler).

3, J. W. Edge. 4, W.
Owls
2, G F. Whitehouse.
(English)."!, J. Watts.
T. Nicholds, SellyPark, Birmingham.
he, W. Bankes
; W.
Bankes, Runcorn,
4 and 6, W. Bankes.
! and
2 and 8, J. W. Edge.
Tuebits."
6, T. Eobson.
he, F. H. Paget.
Nuns."!
and 2, W. Bankes.
8,F. Graham, Birkenhead.
and 4, R. Saunders, Lever, Beverley. 2, H. 0. Blenkinsop. 3,J.
Jacobins."!
W. Edge. 5 and he, H. Adams.
H. 0. Blenkinsop.
2, T. Robson.
Trumpeters.-!,
2 and 3, J. Coleman.
Dragoons.-Biije 1,4, 5, and Cup, W. T. Nicholas.
ham
" and 7. W. H. Mitchell,
he, F. Graham
; W. H. Mitchell, Moseley, BirmingW. T. Nicholds.
yeiioio."!, F. Graham.
2, J.
; J. Watts
; J. Coleman;
and
Graham.
Wllite."l
F.
Any
Watts.
Mitchell.
2, H. Adams.
W.
H.
3,
8,
Watts.
I
otlier Colour."
and i, J. Morris.
2, F. Graham.
3, J.
2 ani
I and
Antweeps.
Dun."
money
prize,J. Coleman.
Cup. C. Mugg.
Dun
Chequered." 1,W.
S and 4, W. H. Mitchell,
he, W. H. Mitchell ; F. Smith.
8 and he, C. Mugg.
H. Mitchell.
2jJ. Massey, Hunter's Lane, Birmingham.
J. Massey.
Blue." I and 2,W. H. Mitchell.
Blue Cliequered."!,
8,J. Coleman.
2, W. H. MitcheU.
Magpies."
!,T. Eobson.
2, J. Watts.
J. Watts
Swallows."!,
(Blue).2. F. H. Paget (Yellow).
! and
Any
other
Variety.
(Silveretteand Satinette).3,J.
2, W. Bankes
he, F. H. Paget (Yellow and Black Priests).
Watts (Dentillettes).
Biacfc Badges. !, P. Thomas.
Blue
Tumblers
2, G. While.
(Muff-legged)."
Blaek
Saddles.
!, J. W. Edge, Birmingham.
2, No competition.
Badges.
Blue
Saddles.
2, J. Morris.
1, J. W. Edge. 2,No competition.
1, Withheld.
1
and
Redbreasts."
and
F.
J.
W.
Birmingham.
Thomas,
2,
Edge.
Bosewings
3,
2, No competition.
Clear-legged.-Anyother Variety." I,J. Watts.
BIRDS
OF
ANY
AGE.
!
Whitehouse.
P.
Cocfcs."
and 3, G. P.
Smith, he, J.
ZfZacfca.2,
Carrier.3, G. F. Whitehouse.
Beyis.-l, F. Smith.
2, Withheld.
F. While ; J. Watts.
Hens."
2,Withheld.
!, G. P. WiiiteCarrier"
iJun."Cocto.-I, J. Watts.
he, J. Watts.
house.
2,J. J. While,
Hem."\
and Cup,
other Colour."
1^ J. Watts. 2,Withheld.
Oaehier. "^ny
J, Watts.
2, No competition.
Pout ee."
Cocfcs."!,2,3, and Cup, G. Sturgess(White). Hem,"1, 2, and 3, G.
"

"

"

"''^oB.mS^-Evenly-marked
Jongue.-T. and 8, Adami

". Athersuch.
2.Barwell
W.
Hodgson
c, O.
E. Mills, Sunderland;
" Athersuch. Evenly-marked Buff.-l, Adams
" C. Bm-nistLm
: LayfleW
Beloe.
"
he,W.
and
J
Rutter.
"
Athersuch
;
" Wynne,
c, Adams
and
4: Atbersucn.
1, Adams
Unevenly-marked Jonque.
Tieked
or
Norwich.
" Wynne
(2). c, J.
/ic,R. Simpson ; Moore
" Golby.
3, G. Gayton.
2, BarweU
Athersuob.
Adams
"
2,BarBuff.-l,
Tieked or Unevenly-marked
Cleminson.
" Wynne
; W.
" Wynne,
e, Moore
lie,3. Devaney.
well " Golby.
3, Moore
i Wynne;
lie,Moore
Scarborough ; Adams
2 and S, Wallace
Athersuch.
Ellerton, Darlington : Moore

Golby.
Greenwood,

"

"

^n'""rw;oh"Crest.-!,
J. Hurrell, Sunderland.

2,W. Watson,

WaUnce

Durham-

jun. 3, R. HawRobson,

;W.
he, M. King, Scarborough ; W. Bulmer
" Beloe;
" Wynne,
e, WaUaca
" Beloe; Moore

Middlesbrough,

man,

Layfleld

fS".Middlesbrough. %:^.Belk
Dewshury.
""c'slSoiNii^-r^t^v^ens
Fawcett, Baildon,
he,
Ra\Ynsley. Ledget Green, Bradford,
8,

Leeds.

T.

P.

'"^ii!il^-atfS*sTa:noUd.-l,3.T^jlor,
Harrison. Belper. Silaer-spanaled."l,
Darlington. 3. J. N.
sTe.Ritchie, ftc,Smith

2 and

Lizard

with

Broken

2, W: Watson,

Preen

Cap.

jun.

3. N.

" Preen, Coventry

Harrison.

; E. Hitcbie.

ana
lanO.
3, Smith
Oold or Silver-spangled"
he, M. King; R. Ritchie (2); T. Fawcett. c, W.
"

ft..
BarweU
'''cirNlifi5rrnf,".-l."wallace
ftBeloe.
f Golby
;C. Gayton.
Northampton
2 and 3
G. Gayton.
" Wynne;
" Beloe.
: Wallace
c, E. Stansfleld,Bradford
" Wynne
8, E. MUls. he, Moore
2, (J. Gayton.

Moore
J.Hun4u;

Devaney;
Northampton,
well 4 Golby.

''v'ni^^^S'-Glear
Yellow.-l and
Clear
8 P. Ramfaley
butt Yarm
Fawcett
J Cooper.
8 and li:,

J.

Buff.-l,
; Cox

B^-

" Hillier.

2, J- Garhe, 3. Cooper, Middlesbrough.

B.J#.-I, W. Thornton, Darlington. 2, T.
Richardson, Gmsborougb ; W.

-T.
Disqualified

"

"

"

"

Fantails."
!,J. W. Edge. 2, H. Adams.
Barbs."
2,No competition.
1,J. Peace, Burton-on-Trent.
Almonds."
3,J. Fielding,
Jan.,Rochdale.
2, J. Peace.
1, H. Adams.
BAliDS
Beaeds."
AND
1, J. W. Edge. 2, No competition.

'"'4o"i:K^S^'!-EvenlV-marked
Yellov".-l, E. Hawman.
Leeke
and

fee T

and
2 and 3, Stevens
Buff.-l, Stevens
c, E. Stansfleld. Evenly-marked
c, P.
he, L. Belk ; T. Tenniswood.
3, P. Eawnsley.

Tenniswood.

l^^eke
2. t!Oraggs.

''S?'oTyFl'vArE?Y''o*giN"f.-TSSd
(Glasgow Don).
2.
eSi.-Stapleton.Darlington.^8,
^Sfs-l'".^dfytr^'lfw
'"^'^^1^0
Howe,
Fairolough
WaUaco

" Beloe

J.

HarrLonS;
MiddlesirSugh;

and
Leeke
Bwniston

"
W
EusseU; H. Winter. Guisbrough;
(Norwich); Stevens
" Be'oe; Layfleld " EUerton
WaUace
(2). c. W. " C.
J. Cleminson
E. Hawman;
" Golby;
BarweU
(Norwich); T. Allenby,
" Beloe (2)
WaUace
; Layfleld" EUerton
(2)7
"

"ciGE"op
Six Canaries

(Varietyand Plumage).--!. Layfleld"

2, J.

EUerton.

he, 3. Gale, Darhngton ; WaUace

3. Stevens " Leek,
Calvert,Bootbam, York.
T. Allenby: J. Cleminson.
and Beloe ; E. Hawman;
t
3,Layilai,^.-Evenly-markeA-l,L. BeUi. 2, Stevens " Leek.
GoLDPiNOH
c.l.
Leek; Layfleld" EUerton.
;io P. Eawnsley
; Stevens
field " EUerton.
"

""

JOURNAL

388

HOETICULTUKE

OF

AND

Auckland
" Wynne
Snaith. West
l, Moore
(2): E. Stansfleld (2). Dark.
H. Winter;
J. Taylor; Moore
and
3, E. Stansfield.
hcT. Tenniswood;
" Leeke.
Wynne
; Stevens
; J. T. Harrison.
c, J. Goode
Mule
(Any otiier Variety)."!, E. Stansfleld (Bullfineh and Goldfinch), 2 and
" Leek,
3. Stevens
he. T. Suaith
(Greenfinch and
(Linnet);J, T. Harrison
Goldfinch), c, T. Snaith
(Linnet) ; W. " C. Burniston
(Linnet) ; Layfleld and
Ellerton
(Siskin): W. J. Stewart, Darlington (Siskin),
Cleae
Green,"
"
Leek.
Stevens
W.
Robaon,
1,
2,
he, Layfield" Ellerton.
Goldfinch.2, J. N, Harrison,
1, T, Tenniswood.
he,Stevens " Leeke ; J.
Goode
Robson,
c, J. Txiylor ; W.
; T. Fawcett.
Linnet
wood
(Brown)." 1, W, Robson.
2, J. N. Harrison,
he, T. Snaith ; T. TennisW.
"
C.
Bnrniston
R.
Robinson,
: Fairclough " Howe
;
;
c, Fairclongh
and Howe
Carrick, Middlesbrough ; J. Hindle, Darlington.
; W.
Bullfinch."
"C.
1, J. H. Dosser,
2, T, Allenby. Ac, J. Cleminson.
c, W.
Burniston ; R. Robinson.
Varietv."
Anv
otheb
Br((ts/i Bird."},T. Swinburne, jun. (Thrush). 2, Cox
and
Hi'lier
(Yellowhammer).
" C, Burniston
he, W,
(White Linnet); R.
Kobiuson
(Variegated Linnet), c, P. Seaton
(Jackdaw); J. Hindle (Skylark),
Foreign Bird^.~l
and 2, R. Iddison
(Love and Weaver
Birds).
Parrot."
lington
1, W. Thompson,
Darlington. 2, W, Hodgson,
c, J. Bradley,Dar; E, Moses
; J. Blenkinsop.
"

2 and

COTTAGE

GAEDENEE.

t November

16,1871.

would be a valuable addition. Will you inform me in what

me
numbers
of the Journal I shall find the needful information ?
"J. M. E.

[Nob. 429 and 452, publishedin the year 1869, contain the
information
required.
The fermentation
of your wine, however, was
going on perfectly
well without the addition of vegetablecharcoal.
It is
curious to find how, in the many
letters which I receive on this
scribed
subject,the varying features of quackery will intrude. I dethe plan of checking fermentation
at a certain stage
J. M. E." need not be
merely for the sake of economy ; but
frightenedif fermentation goes on to the end unchecked, provided
of the best loaf sugar is given to bring the wine up
some
the
10"
to
before next Slay,or sooner
generalEnglish palateof
Judge.
if convenient,and in order to guard againstacetous
Mr. G. J. Barnesby,Derby.
tion
fermentaIn fact,leaving economy
out of condaring summer.
sideration,
further practiceand observation have inclined me
RABBITS
AT. THE
YORKSHIRE
SOCIETY'S
out
withto allow my best juicesto go through their fermentations
SHOW.
the saccharometer
will reveal by floating
a check,which
at
index
and
then
rack
off
of 0",
to taste as
the
to
and sweeten
The 8cbednle isEned this year is,perhaps, one of the most
above.
No
will
then
be
nor
liberal and varied ever
sulphuring
fining
possibly required,
presentedto exhibitors. The Lops are
will the wines be subject to
cloud
from unfermented
divided into six classes,and the other varieties into five,exclusive nor
"
of the Sellingclass. All pens are
for singleBabbits, sugar, or be so liable to presentus with " a last glassof thick
which we much
prefer. Two piecesof plateare given,one for at the bottom of each bottle on consumption.
"
"
Unless
J. M. E.'s
Black Hambnrghs
under
were
the best Lop, the other for the best of any of the other six
grown
ripe,I should consider 10 lbs. of sugar
varietieswhich will be found there. The whole of the varieties glassand were perfectly
nine
of
minimum
to
gallons
juicea
of the Eabbits
known
quantity,notwithstanding
in the county will be there,we
doubt
not, and each have a class and chance of a prize. The entry his thinkingthe grapes were
very sweet.
I begin my Muscadine
fee is moderate, and the prizes liberal. The Judges are well
vintageto-morrow (Nov.8th),weather
known
permitting. We have a capitalyield,and the grapes are in
for their knowledge of the varied points of excellence.
Oar Esperione grapes
The Committee
good condition for making into wine.
are
No entries
working hard to insure success.
not good in colour,though sufBciently
are
so for the fabrication
be made after the 16th inst.
can
of a pink champagne.
These I shall let hang, except in case
of ftost,for a week
or
so
longer,as they are firm, plump, and
ENTRANCE
FEES.
increasingin their colour. I shall allow them 3| lbs. of sugar
and that is what I would advise for out-ofAs a member
of a committee
for the carryingont of a poultry per gallonof juice,
ripening season
; 3J lbs.
show I cannot allow the letter of Mr. John Cockroft upon entry door black grapes this unfavourable
of sugar will prove sufficient for the Royal Muscadines, the best
fees to pass without notice, otherwise exhibitors might conof
all
out-of-door
for
uncertain
at
our
present
English
grapes
clnde that the committees
of many
poultry ehows were
ing
passclimate. Roeeet
Fenn.]
into their own
a nice balance
pockets,instead of which
of them find that there is not only plentyof hard work,
many
but the balance is mostly on .the wrong
side. To give a rough
FEEDING
BEES.
idea of the working of a show, I consider the entry fees should
In
The English Mechanic
and World
of Science," there is
prizes,the subscriptionspay for cups and hire
pay the money
with a diagram of an ingeniousmethod
of adapta description
ing
of pens, and admissions
To carry
pay the working expenses.
the
bottle-feeder
to
straw.
hives
A gentleman, who
of
out the scale suggested by
J, C." every class must
average
himself
is
the
ventor.
inJoseph
figns
Gadsby,"
from
hear
twenty-two to twenty-eightentries. Did he ever
As he is not the patentee, but pubof such a show with cnly three prizesto a class ? The entiies
liEhes his discoverypro bono publico,I cannot
at the Crystal Palace Show
last year averaged about seventeen
be at fault in extractingthe followingfor the
in a class,which I consider very good.
J. C." may consider
He says,
I have
benefit of your readers.
that committeemen
should be prepared to give "50 out of their
made both the round and square feeder [ofthe
own
pockets for the benefit of the exhibitors. My advice to
them
aside as
old type], and have thrown
"J. C." is, Make
one
of a committee
to get up a show, let
and have adapted the bottle
feeders
the entry fees and prizesbe as you suggest I promise to give
with a small tin made in the shape of a funnel
all the support I can, and have no doubt the entries would
be
the spout
side up, the hole where
wrong
all Bquared,let the readers
large and when the accounts
are
would be placed made
snfiiciently
large for
of the Journal know
which
side the balance is found."
on
and
then
tabe
the
bottle
neck
a
to
put in
go in,
L. Ween.
just to fitthe neck of the botde ; and where
the bottle neck reaches I fix a pieceof perforated
SUESCEIBEES TOWAEDS
BlACK EaST
PlECE OF PlATE
THE
EOR
zinc to prevent the bees coming up.
Indian Ducks.
I have been gettingup this for the Birmingham
either wood boxes or straw
This I can
fix on
The winner of the first prizewill thus win a picee
Show.
scribe
hives.
By the plan I have attempted to devalue "4 4s.,and the Society's
tributors
of.'plate
prize of "3. The conI can
them
4 lbs. in every twentygive
Mrr. Hayne, Dorobetter, 10s. "d. ; Eev. Wm.
are
four hours without any inconvenience."
SerjeantsoD,Shrewsbury, 10s. 6d. ; Eev. John Richardson,
Many of your readers who keep bees in
Sandy, 10s. 6d. ; W. E. George,Esq., Bristol,10s. 6d. ; G. S.
hives of straw
will be thankful for the bint
Sainsbury,Esq., Devizes,10s. Gd. ; J, K, Fowler,Esq., Aylesbury,
given in the foregoingextract,as it is often
10s. 6d.; Mr. Samuel
Burn, Whitby, 10s. 6d. ; Mr. F.
Of
found to be a great practicaldifficulty.
Hal), Whitby, 5s. ; F. E. Schofield,Esq., Morpeth, 5s. 6d. ;
there must be a hole out in the top of the straw hive,
course
total,"4 4s." Samdel
Buen, Whitby.
be
and the tin or ziao cap into which the bottle will go must
made
sufficiently
largeto fitwell over the top of the hive,and
to support the bottle in an
upright position. The whole oau
MAKING
GRAPE
WINE.
B," W.
be covered over with a conical straw cap and hackle
Six days ago I expressednine gallonsof the juice
from Black
diately.
Hamburgh grapes for wine. It began to ferment almost immeBEE
HUNTING.
The fermentation
find the
continues, and I cannot
directions of your correspondent" Upwaees
Onwaeds
The
and
for
accompanying sketches,made during a recent jaant in
that one
checkingit in case of going too far. I have put 10 lbs. of loaf the Adirondack region,are illustrative of scenes
may
Wilderness."
sugar into the wine ; the grapes were
very sweet, and I thought witness, if so disposed,while camping out in the
sugar was
hardlyrequired. I have also put into it some
Max," said one of the ladies of the party to our guide,
table
vege"
which a gentleman who
makes
cider informs
there must be quantities
of bees in the woods, for they hum
charcoal,
"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

November

JOOBNAL

16, 1871. ]

abont
and buzz
afraid to go near

OP

maple-angarof

that
it."

onrs

AND

HORTICULTUEE
I

nntil

am

really

"

COTTAGE

Ain't

very

quoth Max,

for,like him, we fightsit out

on

one

line tillwe

far to that hive ; warn't gone long, anyhow,"

he gentlyshut the box lid and tapped on the

box, to make

'

"

Smndging

389

the bees leave the honey in the bottom

and rise
to the top, so that he might shove in the littleslide that divided
the box in the centre,thus separatingthe bees from the honey.
ing
Picking up the box. Max started on the line,the party followafter,each endeavouring to assist in locatingthe line. A
halted by Max
quarterof a mile traversed in this way, we were
and covering
settingdown the bee-box,drawing out the slide,
getsthrough." the box with his hat. (The box has a little glasswindow in

"
"
"
Fogs " is a
Fog's right about, do they,Miss Mamie 1
favourite phrase of Max's, and does duty in all sorts of ways.
"
of my molasses-makers," he continued ;
Well, them's some
""it you like honey, I'll take up the hive to-morrow, and let
'
how
line
a bee tree.'
we
you see
"
Bee-hunting," said Max, as we left the shantythe next
morning for our hunt, " always reminds me of General Grant,
"

as

GAEDENEE.

Working down

the Bee Tree.'

for Bees."

that the bees were

at
We soon reached our old clearing,when Max
producedhis the top.) Peeping in, and discovering
iittle bee-box,from which he took some
honeycomb, and put it work on the honey,he took away the hat and opened the box.
again on the line,and in two more
kindled on a convenient
in a littlefire which I had quickly
log. In a short time we were
"
"
"
tries " lined the honey-makersto their abode in the great
You
see, girls,"said he to the ladies, the bees scents
this from a mile or more
I trunk of an ancient birch tree.
to see me
when
away, and comes
crashing
Max's axe now
into use, and as the tree came
came
call them
Then
I feeds the little chaps this way'" said
so.
the hole used
Max, as he placed some
honey in the bottom of the bee-box. down we dashed forward and stopped with moss
thin
EoUs
of
birch
exit.
and
During the time that we waited for the arrivalof Max's bees, by the bees as their entrance
the good fellow entertained us with stories of bear, panther, bark were
now
lightedand held to the hole, from which the
of thingspeculiarto the woods.
plug had been removed.
wolves,lynx, and all manner
"
"
Max ! Max ! here they come
Bees don't fightfire much
before they gives up and takes
!" cried one of the girls,
who,
the bees had
in listening
to the stories,
had not neglectedto watch the bee- the back track for the honey," said Max, when
engaged in chopping out
box.
ceased the useless contest and he was
"
"
"
Soon we were
"
the
reveal
sweets.
Enow'd
time ago," said Max ;
that some
big chips that were to
only wanted to the
whether
see
they were going to get into the box without my
removing the greatcombs of honey from the tree-trunk hive to
the pailsthat we had broughtwith us.
help ; but I guess they be. We'll watch 'em for a while, then
told how
other bees,
On our way back to the shanty Max
put our mark on a few to see how far away they live."
and
sometimes
The bees had by this time gotten well to work, seeingwhich, attracted by the honey, would come,
great
lost,
flour and dropped a little on the backs of two
battles would be fought ; and the bees whose honey was
IMax took some
killed
and
if
was
their
three of the bees that were
or
queen
being weaker, would be defeated,
busy on the honey. By this time
for
bees
and
make
the
other
them,
oft
with
would
decided
the
the ladies had
sugar
"ven
line,for it was easy enough to
go
watch the flight
of the bee,from the time that it left the box, thus startinganother bee-tree for future capture.
circled a few times, then directed its flightin a "bee-line"
Nearly 100 lbs. of honey was distributed from our bee-tree,
toward

the hive.
the open

The
box.

marked

bees

soon

returned and

entered besides
re-

the

Weekly.)

quantitythat

we

consumed

onrselves."

(Harper's

JOUBNAL

390

OF

HOKTICULTDKB

AND

COTTAGE

[ November

GABDENEK,

16,1871.

BOX.
QUE
LETTER
all intents and purposes dark Mules, though the dull lustreless hue of
the nest feathers will be exchanged for a brighter colour. Those
birds
of forthcoming poultry and
Committees
and managers
Caution.""
which come
under the class of Dark Jonques will bo of a tright colour,
Pigeon shows should take care, for at the late Newcastie-on-Tyne Pigeon
while the Dark
Mealies or Buffs will be of a dull leaden shade, the cocka
Owl hen has had her frill palled oat
White African
Show my first-prize
"
in both classes having more
less of the Goldfinch " flourish
or
the
on
hibition.
exmalicious
and she is quite unfitted for future
person,
by some
face, and the hens being minus
that adornment, and
clad in somewhat
formation
A liberal rewari
will be given to any pereon who may
give insober
more
garments. Dark Goldfinch Mules are sometimes
extraordinary
Joshua
Fielding
Park
the
offender."
Terrace^
jon.,
against
birds as regards colour,and very deservedly have a class to themselves
Rochdale."
in every schedule worth callinga schedule.
If the Dublin
Society issue
adShow
(A.). Thanks for the paper ; when we have seen
NoKWiCH
a prize list sufllciently
liberal no doubt our
English fanciers will send
think
Tertisements and prize lists we will give it such a notice as we
birds" possibly accompany
them, for there is no limit to the pluck of the
artisans, cannot afford the luxury of competing
justified.
fancy. But poor men,
In the "Other
Poultry
Show."
Southampton
Variety" class, for honour ; neither can poor men
The
who are not artisans. I once
was
the second prize went to Mr. T. Moore, of Portsmouth, not Fareham.
makiui? active preparations for sending a collection across
the Atlantic,
but I found that a bronze
medal would not pass current
in the matter of
Legs
Fowls'
Scurfy
{J. TT.)."Your feeding is not good enough.
Game
freight. I am sorry to hear that all the Canaries in Ireland are bad.
The firstare bad enough,
Boiled potatoes and turnips are very bad food.
be remedied.
I am
That can
with Australia
in communication
soon
now
The only thing in the whole bill of fare that can
the second are worse.
travel
to the
respecting a consignment of high-class birds. If they can
in
Depend upon it if you persevere
nourish your birds is the oatmeal.
present dietary,all your birds will suffer alike. Give ground oats, antipodes they can easilycross the Irish Sea. W. A. Blakston.
your
Bees
Treacle
for
fed with treacle,
birds must
be too low
(J. Campbell). We have never
Indian corn, and table and kitchen scraps. Tour
but see no reason
why it should not do for bee food. We should dilute it
in condition.
difficult. with water if too thick, and perhaps boil it for a minute or two.
? (C. M. "".)."
Tour question is somewhat
is A Pullet
What
Cabbages
Feeding
on
in
were
hatched
has
Cows
which
{A Subscriber). They do not impart as
are
tillthe
all
they
pullets
year
Many declare
turnipySavour to the milk.
passed away. We believe a pulletceases to have any claim to that name
after she has been broody.
had any trouble in breeding
Bantams
Black
(G. F.)."We have never
METEOROLOGICAL
OBSERVATIONS.
Game want littlecare
any Bantams, except the Sebrights.Blacks, Whites,
Camden
Square, London.
that the hen should be put on a dry spot,that the little chickens
save
It is quite a difi"erentthing with
may neither get draggled nor cramped.
Lat. 51" 32' 40" N. ; Long. 0^ 8' 0" W. ; Altitude 111 feet.
useless, and they are tender at
the Sebrights. Many of their eggs are
old they do well. We
have always found
but after they are a month
first,
dry, feed well,
keep your Bantams
the earlobe to be hereditary. If you
of
one
supply them with grass and fresh earth,they will do well. When
the hens hatches, bring her out, put her under a rip in a dry sheltered
She
v^ ill drag all her chickens
do
her
have
her
and
not
let
liberty.
place,
to death if you do.
Feather
(H.). Leave the perfect feather as it is,and
BfioKEN Sickle
if it be not as fine
in two months
; even
pull out the other,it will grow
ficiency
the other it does not matter, provided the colour be right. Any deas
of
sickle
a
feather, is always
breaking
of feathering, or any
portant
colour is the most imviewed with suspicion in the breeds in which
feature.
came
from
Hen House
in
(Noviee)."''Wedo not think the worm
Worm
If the foreignbody in the
the hen, it has not the character itwould have.
cock's mouth is of a sort of cheesy nature,pull itoff. If it is firmer,cut it
with the thumb
nail,
off. If it is not developed, it can be easilyremoved
then is camphor given frequently in pillsthe size
and the best treatment
of putting fowls in an
We
artificiallynever
of a garden pea.
approve
bread and ale twice
some
warmed
place. If they have colds,give them
REMARKS.
and odd pieces of meat,
have all the table scraps
per day. Let them
8th." Foggy and damp tillnoon, then fine and pleasant.
skin, and fat that are left at meal times. Heat should be communicated
9th." White frost ; beautiful morning and flue day. Aurora
at 10 80 P.M.
through food, and not by stoves or fireplaces.
and subsequently mostly white, but with red streamers.
Feathers
Hamburgh
((?.C)." Nos. S and 4 are
Golden-spangled
10th, A very fine day, though cold. Aurora
again at night,
The
them.
crescents
are
good upon
or
the best feathers, the moons
lith. Frost,but fine morning ; a very slightsprinklinR of rain in afternoon,
all is a deficiencyof richness
hackle feathers are good. The fault in them
but fine evening. Encke's comet seen
with a pocket telescope.
out.
We
should
in the ground colour. They look a littlewashed
12th. A very fine and bright day, though cold.
into
the
next
rich-coloured
dark
cock
yard
introduce
a
advise you to
18th." Rather hazy in the morning, fine at noon, but very cold. Evening
"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

season.

Poultry

Sneezing

sufferingfrom chill. It
a brick,stone, or wooden

is little doubt your fowls are

the change in the weather, or from

"Iherb
(Blacks).
be from
floor. The

may

is a sure
sign of
incipient sneeze
is
The quickest remedy to relieve the black comb
cold in the head."
to administer two pillsof camphor, each the size of a garden pea, and
shows congestion,
broad and ale. The black comb
then to feed on some
"

to bleed at the
necessary
and when aU other remedies fail it is sometimes
have
effect on the comb, and so does
the same
base ol it. Poison would
poultry. In the stage you
indigestion. The latter is very rare among
and Cochins are not subject
mention it is not infectious. The Brahmas
most
likelycatch it. Use btimulants
to it. The Game
are, and would
the cause.
then try to remove
for present relief,
Brahmas
Light
(R. G.). We cannot help thinking No. 1 has a crooked
flight,else why should his feathers be folded high on his back ? We do
not mind the lightsaddle. We dread his wings, and we disapprove of his
"
We
should be disposed to vote for No. 2 in spiteof the
coarse
u^ly head."
do not
do not like a crooked breast. We
lightflightfeathers,but we
bird,and we should not,
think it hereditary,but it is the sign of a weak
No. 1 has not twisted flights,
If you are sure
therefore,breed from him.
then, tfllunghis weight and good points into consideration, we should
overlook the lightsaddle and the ugly head, and give him the preference.
be got rid of. As
The single-combed bird will not do at all. He must
soon
as the hen's
crop dropped she should have been held up by the legs
tiU her crop was emptied. She should have been very scantilysupplied
You
with water and have had less food ; she would then have wasted.
knife. The operationshould only be performed
too ready with your
were
In that case the crop is as hard as a cricket-ball.
on
a crop-bound bird.
All birds of the poultry tribe waste and fatten easily,and if you had
fasted the hen a littleshe would have absorbed the fat that killed her.
AU the eastern breeds put on fat inside. There is nothing in your feeding
excessive fat,unless the kitchen scraps were
very good.
that should cause
accident, and believe she
Fat makes fat. We consider the fattening an
another crop do not give bread
died from the operation. When
yoa
open
(or a day
and ale alter the operation ; thin gruel is all that is necessary
met with
quantities. We have never
or two, given frequently in small
fed on meat.
suc!ii fat about the crop except where fowls have been
Toys
are
German
great Pigeon breeders,and
[W. IF.)."The Germans
and
to put a number
of pretty-featheredbirds together,
accustomed
are
a
if a pair alike in plumage are produced, they gave them
pretty name,
and send them out into the world.
Many such under various namt-s
at our
which were
seen
shows a few years since,have quite disappeared.
We know nothing of " German
Hermits," and they are not mentioned in
any Pigeon book extant.
Antwerps
[A. F".)."Show Antwerpe and working Antwerps differ. Our
of the former.
These
birds are bred carefully to
one
engraving was
colour
and points. The working Antwerp is the one
most
likely you
is not so much
want, which
a
bird for the show-cage as for utility.
Goldfinch
Mules
I apprehend from the
Becoming
Light
(M. Gf.)."
to
query that it is a nest ol dark seU-coloored MoleSi which wiU remaia
"

very

foggy.

14th." Foggy early, a very fine bright day, but a wet evening,with blustering
wind
and rapid fall of barometer.
temperatare (863'^)was
Avery cold week, the mean
nearly a degree
of January. Frost on every morning exoept
below that of the month
Wednesday." Gr.J. STMOHa.

GARDEN

COVENT

MARKET."

NovBHBBR

IB.

The
the same
state as last week.
trade remains in much
Among fresh
some
good Oranges, both the ordinaryand the Tangerine
arrivals are
and
Bananas
from Tenevariety,from the Azores
; fine Pomegranates
Pears have been submitted
to
liffe. Large quantities of fine French
The Potato trade is heavy,the best qualities
auction during the week.
fair prices.
only commanding
FRtJIT.
s.

jBieve 2
Apples
doz.
0
Apricots
lb. 0
Cherries
bushel
10
Chestnuts
sieve
0
CuiTanta
i
do.
0
Black
0
doz.
Figs
lb. 0
Filberts
lb. 0
Coba
lb. 2
Grapes, Hothouse....
Gooseberries

d.
B.
0 to 4
0
0
0
0
0 20

Mulberries
Nectarines

Oranges

Peaches

Pears, kitchen
dessert
Pine
Plums

Apples

Raspberries
Strawberries
Quinces
Walnuts

quart
"^100 8
each 2

Lemons
Melons

ditto

lb.
doz.
f^lOO

0
0

d. s.
OtoO
0
0

doz.
6
doz.
2
doz.
2
lb. 3
6
i sieve
lb. 9
lb. 0
doz.
3
bushel
10
"^100 1

VEGETABLES.
B.
S. d.
4 to 0

doz.
0
Artichokes
^100. 0
Asparaffns
Beans, Kidney....* sieve 0
bushel
doz.
bundle

Broad

Beet.Red
Broccoli
Brussels

Sprouts. .J sieve

Cabbage
CapBicums

doz.

^100

bunch
doz.
bundle
Celery
doz. bunches
Coleworts..
each
Cucumbers
.doz.
pickling
doz.
Endive
Fennel
bunch
lb.
Garlic
bunch
Herbs
Carrots
Cauliflower

Horseradish

bundle

0
2
0
2
1
1
0
3
1
2
0
2
2
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
6
0

0
0
8

1
8

d.
B.
0 8 too
1
0
2
pottle 10
0
.punnet 0 2
4
.bushol 3 0
0
quart 0 6
pickling
4
sieve
S 0
Parsley
10
doz.
0 9
Parsnips
0
Peas
quart 0 0
1
6
8
bushel
Potatoes
fi
SO
do.
Kidney
10
0 6
doz. bunches
Radishes.,
b:ndl6
0 0
0
Khubarb
10
10
oz.
Savoys
3
sket 2 6
Sea-uale
G
lb. 0
0
Shallots
2
0
bushel
3
Spinach
2 0
doz.
0
Tomatoes
bunch
0 8
0
Turnips
Vegetable Morrows.. doz. 0 0 0
Leeks
Lettuce
Mushrooms
" Cress,
Mustard
Onions

bunch
doz.

d
6
0
0
9
0
8
0
0
o
0

0
8
0

9
0
9

November

SMALL

23, 1871.]

FARMS"

HOW

HORTICDLTURB

OF

JOURNAL

CAN

THEY

AND

COTTAGE

GAEDENEB.

391

MADE

BE

tained a loss both socially

and morallyby the extinction of
this particular
class ? and if so, whether it may not be to
extent restored ?
some
By Sev. William Lea, Vicar of St. Peter's,
Droitmch,and
In all our
Hon. Canon of Worcester.
countrydistrictswe have now as a rule three
separatedfrom each other by
ask for our readers' attention to distinct gradesof society,
[We most emphatically
the
lines of demarcation
the landed proprietor,
the series of commmiications
of which the followingis the sharp
largetenant farmer, and the labourer ; and the objection
first; we ask for such an attention as wiU result in
aiding to this state of things to my mind is this : the farmer
to realise the writer's convictions
convictions the results may rise to be a landowner, but the labourer is stereotyped
in his ovnx
of e3perience.
We are emphatic in our advocacy,hecause
present condition without any opportunity
of rising
in his own
walk in life. It is different
observations and our own
our
own
cide
experiencequite coinin every other occupation. The boy who goes into a shop
with those of the writer. His positionand known
warehouse
himself.
or
may look forward to be a master
character are guaranteesof his sincerity,
and
The mason
truthfulness,
the carpenteran employer
a
builder,
may become
of purpose, and that purpose is connected intiof labour, his children may in future rise to the
mately
singleness
and State, for the Endowed
with the internal peace and prosperity
of our native highestoffices of Church
Schools' Commission
have now
ladder of steps
made
a
islands. Political advocacyhas no abidingplace in our
from the national school to the middle school,from the
columns,but the consequences of the gradual annihilation middle to the higherschool,and from thence to the Universities,
of small farms have long rivetted our attention,
and been
by which any boy, whom God has endowed with
and powers, may ascend.
The agricultural
of regret. Most justly
a theme
did the Patriarch deprecatenatural gifts
labourer now
stands alone in this respect,"
without any
of visitations the
as the worst
washing away the things opportunity
of risingin his own
of cultivating
profession
which grow out of the dust of the earth,and the destroying
the land. Supposethat by diligence
and thrifthe has been
of the hope of man," and such a washing
able to lay by money, it would be impossiblefor him to
and
away
such a destroying
of hope are
results from the entire lay by enoughto enter upon a farm of the extent of which
farms are now.
He might be able to take, to begin with,
I am
because I
expungingof small farms.
emigrating
ten or twenty acres, and then by thriftto pass on to something
cannot
win from beinga labourer here
I leave because
to take something
in a position
more, and leave his son
the squire
has added my bit of land to the Home
farm
still; but,in the presentday,there are no such
larger
Hence there is nothing
but emigrafrom two of the steadiest men
were
tion
in one parish. small farms to be had.
replies
either to some
town districtor to some
distant colony
On a property with which we
are
acquainted there are
emigration from the parishin which his fathers have
three small holdings
varyingfrom twenty to fortyacres
tilledthe land for generations for the labourer,who has
each. These are models of good cultivationand domestic
the will and the power to rise : and hence it is that our
comfort.
They serve as nurseries for a superiorclass of countryparisheslose year by year the stoutest and thriftiest
and most intelligent
of their men,
the very pithof their
household servants and farm bailiiFs,
and as fast as these
ifit were
population.If itwere on this ground only,
onlyto
attain the necessary age theyare eagerly
soughtafter. If retain the best of the men in their native parishes,
I think
the coimtryis cleared of such tenancies as these,we
once
it would be the interest of all landed proprietors
to keep
shall lose a valuable element in our social scale. Eds.]
few small holdingson their properties
a
to bridgeovet
the gulf between the labourer and farmer, and to serve
to such men
as inducements
to remain, in the hope of one
HE
very title of these papers may
sound
into the condition of farmers themselves.
paradoxical. PoUtical economists have long day rising
But when I advocate small farms, I do not mean
that
decided that small farms will not
answer,
all the countryshould be cut-up into littleholdingsas it
and apparentlythey are right
; for,as while
is in some parts of France and Belgium. The line so often
small farms have disappeared
from the midland
quoted on this subject
counties years ago, there were
in most
When
parishesand properties
several small takings
every rood of land maintained ita man
of from fiveto ten or even twenty acres each
is a mere
poetical
figureof speech. All I recommend is
of them
some
were
freeholds,others were
that there should be a sufficientnumber of them to serve
rented" but in the present day few such are
for the best of the agricultural
as stepping-stones
labourers,
to be found. The freeholds have been
boughtup by the and as inducements to thrift and industry,which are
and, with his own
neighbouring
proprietor,
small takings,sadly needed in these days of
pauperism,and
increasing
added to the adjoining
largefarm,and in consequence a decreasing
and independence
in the true sense
self-respect
distinct class has disappeared
from the social scale,a
of the word.
If in every thousand
or
even
acres, fifty
class which held an
intermediate positionbetween the twenty acres were
let in small holdings
it would probably
labourer and the farmer : and the questionI would ask
meet
the
case
land will bringa higherrent in
my
as
; and
readers to consider is.Whether the
small quantities
countryhas not susthan in
this would, to some
extent.
TO

ANSWER."

No.

1.

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

No. 566." Vol.

large,

XXL, New

Serxeb.

No.

1208." Vol. XL VI.,Old

Series,

JOUENAL

392

AND

HOETICULTUEB

OF

COTTAGE

[ November

GAEDENER.

23, 1871.

for vegetables,but by that time I expect that the

for the extra expenditure
more
room
which
compensate the landowner
trees alone will produce a very good return
; but to enable my
would be requiredin buildings.
readers to judge what profitmay be expected during the first
In addition to this,I think that the country in generalhas
account of the fruit sold from this
seven
lost a great deal by the destruction of this class of small
years, I subjoin an
holders. People are always complaining about their servants ; acre of ground. The crop produced
what
to
used
be,they are so helpless
they
d.
they say they are not
"
a.
idea of puttingtheir hands to anything
1 18
21 17
0
In 1869
that they have no
In 1865
1870
28
6
3
2
1866
6
routine of work ; and there is some
32 12
10 15
1871
9
1867
and similar complaints, but I think that the
10
16
1868
of the change is to be found in the fact that the
explanation
this last year one line of Potatoes or
class from which the most useful servants
In addition to the fruit,
aye, and our best
has disappeared. If anyone will take
The
each row.
produce was
soldiers used to come
Onions
was
planted between
treasures
ihe trouble to inquireinto the parentageof those
Potatoes
thirteen bags of early
at 10s. per bag, and five pots of
the
whose loss he is now
deploring,he will find that theywere
Onions at 4s. per pot of 90 lbs. "7 10s. in all,which, with the
who were
children of small farmers or freeholders,
brought up
fruit,
givesa gross return of "40 2s. 9d. for the acre.
in habits of industry,hardiness,and thrift from the
at home
It may be interesting,
perhaps,to go stillfarther into detail,
and the amount
able to walk, and taught to put their hands to and to give the pricesof each kind of fruit,
time they were
required,and to turn everything to the for which the produce sold in each of the seven
anything that was
years, bearing
with
best advantage. They lived hard too, and thought the now800
that the acre
was
Gooseberries,
in mind
planted
berries
that
and
a
and
110
Black
320
pot of Goosedespised "fat bacon" a luxury. But the children of the prePlums,
Currants,
sent
the same,
labourers have none
of these advantages
class of agricultural
is expected to weigh 90 lbs.,
a pot of Plums
of training at any rate not in the same
degree. There is and a pot of Black Currants 63 lbs.,the pots i.e.,the baskets
littlefarm to work on, with somethingto fillup every spare
no
in which
theyare packed included. I should also mention
minute ; no stock about the cottage to tend, no cow
to milk, that some
sixtyof the Black Currants when plantedwere large
chickens
in
the
no
to
in
grafting
bushes.
no
feed,
spring,no budding
d.
s.
"
186S.
the summer,
no
haymaking in the littlecroft, no binding-up
0
at 5s. Gd. per pot,produced0 11
The crop of Gooseberries,
after their father as he reaped the littlepatch of Wheat
which
17
6
10s.
at
Black CnrrantB,
"
to keep them all the year round in sweet brown
bread
was
only,
0
0
0
Os.
Plums
"
perhaps, the pig to look to, if this savings'bank is not prohibited
for the children of the workers
in towns,
as
; and
6
"1 18
there is nothing to teach them habits of thrift or handiness,
1866.
and consequentlythey have no idea of either. Whatever
their
18
at 8s. per pot
Gooeeberries,
wages are they spend them, and if they are out of work for a
Black Currants,at 12s. Gd.
week they apply to the parish for relief. They have none
of
0
0
Plums
that real independence which
makes it a point of honour not
6
6
to others for support; and I am
afraid a
"3
to be "beholden"
not
man
way without being told,as I was
may travel some
"
d.
8.
1867.
old
of
woman
"I
had
8
8
an
never
8
a
long since,by
seventy-five
at 7s. per pot
Gooseberries,
2
0
7
and I would
Black Curraiits,
at IDs
farthing from the parishin any way in my life,
0
0
0
rather die than have it."
Plnms
If I am
right in the estimate I have formed of this class,
8
"10 15
their destruction has been a loss,
not only to their own
district,
"
d.
s1868.
the
but to
country at large; and if so, it would be a great
0
7 10
Gooseberries,at 5s. per pot
advantage if they could be reinstated. But how is this to be
2
4 0
Black Carranta,at 10s
that small farms do not pay
I am
done?
quite aware
i.e.,
12
9
Plums, at 7s. 6(Z
they will not enable the tenant to live,if they are farmed on
the same
with five acres
If the man
system as large ones.
"10 16
9
with five hundred, he
tries to grow the same
crops as the man
"
d.
s.
1859.
in
the
be
beaten
and
the
wall.
But
must
competition,
a
go to
0
12 18
at 6s. per pot
Gooseberries,
small farm
managed on a different system will afford a very
6
4 12
Black Currants,at 10s. 6fZ
not
4
6
6
good livingto its occupier. It must be planted with fruit,
Plums, at 4s
with Wheat ; with vegetablesfor man,
and not with roots for
0
"21 17
cattle. I can
speak to this point from my own experience(the

their

outside

common

truth in these

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

results of which
I am
about to give)over
a
period of seven
years ; and though I have always sold my produce at something
I
below the market
think
would
show a very
returns
the
price,

profitto an agricultural
labourer,after paying a comparatively
high rent. Of this,however, the reader must judge for
himself,and to enable him to do so, I must, at the risk of
give an account of my own
appearingegotistical,
experiment.
In 1864 I bought three acres of land,and having long had a
in
of
favour
of
small
1
commenced
own
to
hobby
farms,
my
ride it at once, with a view of seeingbow far such farms might
be made
to pay if planted with fruit. One portionI devoted to
berries
specimen trees of various kinds
Apples,Pears,Plums, Goosewith a view of ascertainingthe sorts which
would
another
make
the best return if planted in quantities. On
I
with
a
nd
third
on
a
vegetables,
portion
portion experimented
I made
a
plantationof Gooseberries,Black Currants, and
Plums, and sold the produce. It is of this third portion,as
nearly as possibleone acre in extent, that I purpose to give an
I firstcleaned and double-dugthe land, made a broad
account.
walk up the middle, and then planted it with bushes
6 feet
in
6 feet from each other.
rows
apart,
Among these I planted
Plnms, some
24,others only 12 feet apart. My stock consisted
of 800 Gooseberries,
320 Black Currants,and 110 Plums"
1230
in all ; the exact number
to an
acre, plantingat 6 feet apart,

fair

1870.
at 8s. id. per pot
GooBeberries,
Black Currants,at 9s
Plums, white,at 3s. ; red,at 6s

"

17

at 10s. per pot

Gooseberries,
Currants,at 15s
Plnms, white,at 6s. ; red,at 10s.
.

Black

^"
0
0

12

"28

1871.

5-

4 12
6 12

"
13

9
9

"32

"

"

is 1225.
Potatoes

For the firstthree years I had room

for three lines of
other vegetablesbetween
the rows
; then, as the
bushes increased in size,for two, and in the last and seventh
th6 bushes
year for one line only. In three or four years more
will have entirelycovered the ground, and there will be no
or

that the price of fruit

from this account
It will be seen
Daring the last seven
years
varies according to the seaSbn.
have been as high as 10s.,and as low as 53. per
Gooseberries
and
low
as
as
as
been
15s.,
have
as
high
pot; Black Currants
proportion;
have varied in the same
9s. ; Plums in like manner
but the priceof Gooseberries depends upon another condition
ing
besides the quantityof the crop. The time at which the gatherbeginsis an importantitem. If the gatheringdoes not begin
tillJune, Gs. per pot will be as remunerative a price to the
in
commenced
if the gathering
were
grower as 10s. would be
berry
of the GooseBut I will say nothing more
the middle of May.
I shall devote the next paper to this most
as
now,

popularfruit.
to be so low so earlyin
is seldom known
The tempekatuke
here,taken at
of the thermometer
The minimum
the winter.
during the night for the last nine days,is
9 A.M., as registered

.TOUUNAL

304

OF

HORTICULTURE

AND

COTTAGE

GAEDENER.

I November

23, 1871.

I chose
I have jastlaid down about thirtyscore
of Brooaoli.
a
succession of beauties is to
bloom, all throughthe summer
the time because the weather was
Had
I been
be had, with Campanulas, Androsaeee,Dianthus, "c.
fine and dry.
I do not think that there is much difi[iculty
certain of the same
weather ten days later,I should have prein making an alpine
ferred
it. Some
carted from the open
were
field,and some
garden anywhere. I am about as badly situated for it as most

brought from other parts of the garden. A piece of ground

for next
and late Peas was
year's Scarlet Banners
as for winter-digging. On this the plants are laid as
possiblewithout absolutelyoverorowdiug. In trenohingin the plants,the manure
old vegetablerefuse
is put round
the roots.
They soon
begin to grow, but not soon
enough to
liftup their heads before Christmas.
The plantsare kept out
of the ground until they begin to wither a little,and are then
Uid-in almost over the hearts.
The flaccid leaves of one
plant
overlap the other, and never
upright. This
again become
affords greatprotection. The
the check
recover
plants soon
caused by late removal,in consequence
of the fresh stuff put into
the trenches assisting
them to form nice heads instead of large
leaves.
It is important that the plantsshould be put in perfectly
dry or theymay rot. As it is, a few will no doubt perish

people,stone being so very scarce, and, in fact, I have been

obliged to content myself with large flints obtained from the
chalk formation.
They are happily yellowishon the surface
instead of white, and so even
at first do not look very glaring,
while in a littlewhile I hope some
of my pets will soon
hide
them
be remembered
that the garden
from
view.
It must
ought to face the fall sun, and not be shaded by trees. I have
made
mine on the border of a shrubberygoing up to my house ;
this is about 4 feet wide,and I have raised it somewhat, getting
it out of the way of the roots of the trees,and taking care that
of them
overshadow
it. My plan was
none
to arrange the
the
stones (Iwish I could call them rocks, but I cannot),on
soil of the garden ; in
border,which ia made of the common
this I planted such kinds as are
to their soil
not
as
particular
When
I came
to
Sedums, Sempervivums, Campanulas, "o.
from this cause, but it is better that a score
or
two should die
plant those which are particularas to their food I made a
from excess
of moisture than that the whole crop should perish good-sizedhole in the spot required,took out the earth, and
through excess of frost. This plan has enabled me to obtain a then filled it in with the compost required,being careful that
for small plants the hole should not be less than 1 foot
even
supply of Broccoli for many years past,and I do not suppose
it will fail me
in the ensuing spring,even
if the winter should
or 18 inches deep. I had
sand,peat,
by me a supply of road grit,
bo,as the Rev. W. F. Eadoljffepredicts,
hyperborean. It is also good loam, and leaf mould, and accordingto the requirements
each
Dear me ! what a trouble!"
advantageousin saving ground, as the plantsgo into much less of
plant used them.
says
than half the space they before occupied, and are cleared in
enthusiastic bedder-out ;
some
why, X have nothing to do but
time for the above-named
little
which
in
trenches
after
beds
in
stir
them
in
over
are
a
spring,
dig
autumn,
put
crops,
my
up
the manner
reason
of Celery. All this certainly
does involve labour, and they are ready." Exactly so ; and ia not this one
and 1 myself have had to work hard at it.
who has
Rest, however, is why bedding-outis so much favoured ? Bat to a man
all the sweeter
when
feels confident that his labour will been growing Auriculas,Carnations,and other florists'flowers
a man
be taken
is nothing. Care must
membered,all his life such
bringhim the reward he anticipates. This plan, be it reparticularity
small in their
will not give giganticheads,but I care
of the Alpines are
not for that ; as to weeding, for some
so
so
weeds soon
pected, growth that coarse
long as I get plenty of serviceable plantsI do all that is exdestroythem, and some of them
and am
also will requirecareful watering in summer.
satisfied.
I may state that I always bow a littlesalt amongst the plants
As to choice of sorts,I believe the beet plan for anyone would
or
twice in the growing season,
once
who, like Messrs. Ware,
having an idea that it be to put himself in the hands of men
Hssists them to resist frost.
of
the
winter
Should
Tottenham, or Messrs. Backhouse, of York, have made these
prove severe.
Broccoli will again be dear,as the plants are
assured that he will meet with fair and liberal
succulent
more
thingsa speciality,
and tender than usual,owing to heavy rains.
them the size of the rock garden,and asking
I advise laying treatment, telling
!3ven
If the winter be mild, it will have some
now.
advantage them to give a list of plants and estimate for it ; while those
lections.
who have alreadyformed one can cull at their will from such colliyretardinga portion of the stock and prolonging the season
"t cutting."J. W., Lincoln.
I know
this taste is inexplicableto some.
My good
brother-in-law,
seeingme lookingover the Alpinesat Glasnevin,
accosted me
with a politeoffer to lend me
a
magnifying-glass,
ALPINE
PLANTS.
he could see nothing,yet to me
as
they are a source of much
them to all interested in garLovEK
of the Rose though I am, there was an account in the
pleasure,and I would commend
dening.
columns
of the Journal a few weeks
since that I
D., Deal.
advertising
hailed with pleasure one
the
the
collection
sale
of
announcing
of Roses in potsbelongingto Mr. Ware, of the Hale Farm
ries,
NurseGOSSIP.
MORE
EOSE
in which they used to be grown were
as the houses
wanted
for his increased stock of succulents and herbaceous
wretched
with me
all this summer
Baumann
Maeie
was
plants. It
; it
was
of the surest indications of the risingtide that I had yet had scarcelyone
one
fullyhalf the plant
good blossom, and now
if
I
that
when
I
the
lowing
folwas
at Caunton
at the time of the
has died off. It has been growing in a largebed with
seen,
except
Charles Lee, Madame
Nottingham show, our great Rose champion showed me the old
Roses
Margottin, Vicomtesse de
Rose garden,which was
going to be turned into an herbaceous Vesius, Alba Rosea, Duke of Edinburgh, Louis Peyronny, La
garden for the especialdelectation of " my lady," and as a France, Sombreuil, Souvenir de Dr. Jamain, John Hopper,
from whence
she might gather flowers for her rooms.
Anna de Diesbach,Madame
repertoire
Rothschild,JosephineBeauharnais,
Some
Yes, a risingtide,which 1 believe all the Mrs. Partingtons Princess Mary of Cambridge, and Camille Bernardin.
will not be able to keep out with all their mops made
of Calceolarias,
delicate
of these are
Roses, but, with the exception of Marie
all bloomed
Pelargoniums, and other bedding stuff. I do not Baumann,
continually,and
through the summer
advocate a complete exolasion of the present system, but a
of colour for a couple of
presented a beautiful combination
Mr. Eadence
Madame
moderating of its extravagance. I deplore especiallyits influMargottin was very poor with me.
years.
I had it
on
our
lauded it so highly that I did not give it up.
cottagegardens, where in so many placesbedding cljfie
the
the
old-fashioned
and
of
flowers
in
cold
plants are taking
that
a
planted out on the
place
frame,
pottedlast winter, kept
had always something in them
to gladden one's eyes ; while
the
trouble.
and
it
well
of
two
th
15
May,
repaid
Only
days
their utter want of fragrancemakes
them a poor substitute for
flowers.
ago I cut off the last of its grand
the sweet-smellingStocks,Wallflowers,and Cloves which they
be improved by the like treatment ?
Could Marie Baumann
have ousted.
I often ask myself. Bat then the growth is so differentthat
It is now
time ago that I paid a visit to Mr. Ware's
of the experiment. Besides,I had it genesome
I doubt the success
rally
and
then
astonished
at
the
number
vast
of
covered with glassduring the springmonths, and with no
was
nurseries,
herbaceous and alpine plantsthat he had in cultivation ; but
result.
good
I have now
before me his catalogueof ninety pages, and on an
that none of your correspondents
I have been much
surprised
Rose,
average about sixtyspeciesin a page, so if here is not variety has noticed Mies Ingram, which, though only a summer
fresh expanded
enough where is it to be found ? At the time of my visit the I think in shape and colour ia unsurpassed. When
earlier springflowers were
their
and
here
it
was
is
this year in the beginning of July
perfectly
site.
exquimaking
appearance;
the great value of the alpinerock garden" flowers that are perfect
of the blossoms.
The frost and rain in June spoiledmany
with colours of a brilliancy
we
gems,
For the time (aboutone
rarelysee in other flowers
month) which it lasts it is a great
(forwhat can vie with the gloriousblue of Gentiana acaulis or
bloomer.
Shall we ever see a white Rose on its model ? We
Gentiana
? or what
verna
pink more
lovelythan that of Silene reallywant such.
acaulis ?) open their beauties for us in earlyspringtime
I prize above all varieties of the bright-coloured
Alfred Colomb
; and
from the time that the Snowdrop and Siberian Squill are in
section; I have never seen itssuperior.Charles Yerdiet
intended
manured
close as

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

AND

HOBTICULTUEE

OF

JOUENAL

23, 1871. ]

November

is also very beautiful,and Gloire de Duoher grand againsta

wall.
fear
this season
that I much
numerous
Suckers were
so

COTTAGE

Whether

the

395

GAEDENEE.

plantsare trained uprightor

on

I prefer
trellises,

experierioe. One
to be in pots for winter, from
my
in contact
is never
to let dry heat come
great secret of success
insects.
Give them
as
with the leaves,
they are soon attacked by
the air in
if
change
humid
a mild
possible,
atmosphere, and,
the bouse every day, for which purpose a very small opening ia
T. M.
sufficient at this time of the year.
them

there was
neglect and I have seen it there will be
gardens next year.
largegaps in some
J. B.,Darlington,"whose
experience I endorse, inquires
I saw
it as a standard ; it
the
Tea
Ease Homiire.
respecting
and it is doing
I budded
it also on a standard
beautiful.
was
as
a
not grown
well ; but I regretit was
dwarf, it being then
THE
TEMPLE
CHRYSANTHEMUMS
IN
Tea.
more
easilyprotected. Comte de Paris is also a handsome
GARDENS.
would
remarks
the
If any who may
read
foregoing
say
These
experienceabout Eoaes in a greenhouse
something from their own
gardenskeep up their reputationfor their excellent
much
show
without Vines they would
of this autumnal
oblige An Amatede,
flower,of which Mr. Newton, Mr.
in the Inner Temple, and Mr. Dale, of the
Broome's
successor
South of Ireland.
Middle
Temple, are both skilful cultivators. Mr. Dale, of
is a comparatively
course, has long been known, but Mr. Newton
CULTURE.
WINTER
CUCUMBER
new
recruit to the ranks of Chrysanthemum-growers,
where

"

"

"

"

"

all the year round.

for Cucumbers
is a growing demand
There
in providing a
From
May to October there is little difficulty
no
regularsupply,but during the dead of the winter it causes
fit
have
Cucumber
a
littletrouble to those who are expectedto
to
No doubt it is a matter of small moment
to cut every week.
those who have a good house, plenty of pipes, and plenty of
but by others situated like myself,where the coal billis not
"coal,
to exceed

certain

temperature must
fuel.
Tor

houses that
figure,
be made

several years I have

the most

to be kept at a
of in order to save

are

high
the

out in the Caoumber

tried planting

5iouse,trainingthe vines on a trellisabout 11 inches from the

glass. This involved keeping another boiler at extra heat, as
house only
every house in that range except the Cucumber
requiredthe frost and damp to be kept out, and the result in
house was
the Cucumber
anything but satisfactory.As the
I'ipingwas rather short,it requiredheatingup to a very high
temperature,and we generallyhad so exhausted the plantsthat
we
cutting. This made
plantedagain for springand summer
were
in the supply,however
forward the plants which
a break
to replacethe old ones.
Now, however, we use the Cucumber
tage
house for other thingsthroughout
the winter,and take advanof the Pine-stove heat.
About the end of August we makeup a bed in a pit,which
half
sow
In September we
"keepsU3 going tillOctober is out.
of Telegraph. Masters's Prolific does
a dozen
seeds,principally
with me.
Sometimes we strike cuttingsfor autumn
very fairly
late spring production. I preferthem, as they fruit more
or
than
from
seed,and do not grow so rampant,
speedily
plants
them
is too troublesome.
but in the dead of winter sT;riking
For that time I use
as
rapidly and
seedlings,
they grow more
filltheir pots with roots.
and I think when
The best way to guard the seed from mice
it also germinatesbetter
is to fillthe pot littlemore
treated
so
than half fall of soil,and, after plunging it in bottom
heat,to
with a pane of glass; this allows the glassto remain till
cover
are
all danger is over
as regardsmice, which
very fond of pulling
sooner

to find that,as in last year, so in this,

gratifying
standing
successful in producing a fine displaynotwithThe large-floweran
ing
extremelyunfavourable season.
under
of
a temporary protecas
tion
varieties,
yore, are placed
of sashes and canvas
wallingin front of Crown Ofiice Eow,
the run
of border thus covered being 110 feet. Among them
we
noticed good examples of Prince Alfred,Guernsey Nugget,
White
Globe, Little Harry, Prince of Anemones, Glnek, and
has
the expansion of the blooms
others,but in many cases
and
weather we
are experiencing,
been checked
by the severe

and it is very
he has been

have been
of which the show would
but for the occurrence
ing
for affordmuch
finer. This pointsto the necessityof means
think might be secured at
a little artificial heat,which
we
other
and
would
be
useful
for
a
purposes as
trifling
expense,
well. The beds of Pompons have also been in fine bloom, but
have suffered much
from the frost. We
may add that next
on
the river,
by the Thames
a portionof the ground reclaimed
a
noble walk of soma
there has been formed
embankment,
which
have beea
in
28
breadth,
600 feet in length by
along
planted fine, strong, young trees of the Occidental Plane.
Other improvements are also in progress, which will alter still
of the grounds.
for the better the appearance
the Middle
Temple Mr. Dale's exhibition,though not
of
is,as usual, high quality,though with
nearlyso extensive,
evident.
are
him, as elsewhere, the effects of the season
Among the varieties best represented are White Globe, Mrs.
George Eundle, Prince Alfred, Venus, Lord Derby, Golden
more

In

Beverley,Guernsey Nugget, Progne, Phidias,white and pink,

prettyin colour ; Prince of Anemones', and the fine-tasselled
Japanese variety,James Salter. Mr. Dale has also good beds
of Pompons, which, had it not been for the weather,would
for a long time.
have formed gay masses

"

"

up the seeds

even

after

they have vegetated.

the plants show the rough leaf,I pot them singlyin

When
"8-inchpots,and when these are filledwith roots, into 6-inch pots.
to
I train the plantsupright for about 3 feet,then stop them
fruit is
as
These are
laterals to form.
stopped as soon
shifted into
the fruit is set,the plants are
showing. When
The
used
is
'9-inchpota.
decayed turf,with a
compost
partially
I generally
little old Mushroom-bed
dung and leaf mould.
allow five fruit to a pot; sometimes
the plantswill show double
that number, but I consider five quiteenough.
No shoots are
allowed to grow.
All the energy of the plant is concentrated
these fruit,
and the plantafter bearingis thrown away.
on
I make a sowing about once
I
a-month
up to January, when
canse

CULTURE.

ASPARAGUS

the
with Mr. Fish, " that to encourage
manuring,
growth of Asparagus there is nothing like summer
had
I
have
manure
and summer
strongerproofs
watering."
courage
than ever of this in the past season, and as it may tend to ento cultivate this vegetable,I will describe my
many
I

ENTiBELY

agree

practiceand its results.

I cultivate my Asparagus in singlerows, and being obliged
and with a limited
last springto plant a quantityin poor soil,
for trying
I had a favourable opportunity
supply of manure,
the effectsof summer
manuring. The soil was trenched 2 feet
mixed
deep, the best soil kept uppermost, and a littlemanure
then
the surface.
The roots of the plantswere
with it near
soil
with
inches
4
covered
about
out
and
deep
spread
carefully
taken from between
the rows.
They started into growth well
the roots began to
the plants were
"for
strong and when
put forth spongioles,sheep-dung water of moderate strength
was
given them ; and as the plants gained size and vigoura
proportionateincrease was made in the strengthand quantity
it was given twice
tillin the hot daysof summer
of the liquid,
"

and plantout in the Cucumber

house.
I fiad that Cucumbers
will do without bottom heat,but the
fruit swells a littlequickerwith it.
as
When
wateringI use the water at 85" to 90",and as soon
the pots are filled with roots I use
manure
water, varjing it or three times a-week.
to grow freely
the plants continued
this treatment
with guano sometimes.
Under
The number
of pots of fruitingplants varies with our
quirements
resending up such a constant succession
throughout the summer,
formed
fine large
them
have
of
shoots
that
most
at
we
but
of
stout
Christmas,
requiremore,
young
; sometimes, as
On the approach of autumn, findingthe
and three pots of plants stools or crowns.
as
a rule one
pot lasts us a fortnight,
state keep us going.
The chief advantage of this
in a fruiting
growth stillactive and young shoots still appearing,the liquid
to grow the plantsand
mode
of growing them lies in the ability
manure
was
graduallywithheld in order that the entire growth
It is well in
set in.
before cold weather
shift them into any house having the required temperature
might be matured
sow

"

port,
supby night and 80" by day,varjing accordingto the weather, such instances as this to afford the luxuriant growth some
that it may not be broken ofi by strongwind, which it
so
of heat
I think it is bad policyto keep up the same
as
amount
rows.
is when standingout fullyexposedin single
ia dull weather or severe
frost as in mild sunny weather.
frequently
70"

396

JOUBNAL

OF

AND

HOBTIOULTUBE

Tbst
the
wasteful one
roots justas

is altogethersuperior to the
foregoing method
of heaping a quantity of solid manure
the
over
growth has ceased,must be patent to all. By one
health
the
and
of
the
system
requirements
plantsare watched
and cared for throughout
the season
of growth ; by the other,
if it deserves to rank as a system at all,
thick costly
a
layerof
the roots at the very time that their
is spread over
manure
power of absorbingfood is reduced to a minimum.
Doubtless,
much
of the rich components of the manure
does eventually
feed the roots,and is absorbed
into the plant'ssystem, but
there must also be considerable waste.
It is best,therefore,
to
in the form of a mulching earlyin summer;
apply such manure
the roots,
seize on the rich food with
being then in full activity,
avidity. Moreover, it serves admirably to protectthem from
in
or
frost in winter.
It is, however, only
drought
summer
when
Asparagus is grown in low-lying,
badly-drainedsoil that
protectionis necessary in winter;when the soil is well-drained
and thoroughlycultivated,
there need be no fear that this vegetable
will suffer in the slightest
degree from the effects of frost.

GAEDENEE.

COTTAGE

[ November

23, 1871"

Giant a splendid
carefully
protected. I find Veitch's Autumn
variety; some
say it is too large,but it is easy to cut the

heads when
small.
We have had them since the second week
in September, and have stilla nice lot to come
in.
The
seed
stated
above.
sown
as
was
For earlyspring use
Snow's Winter White Broccoli
we
sow
the first week in April. Veitch's Spring White
sown
at the
time follows that useful old sort.
Miller's Dwarf
same
White
is a good variety to stand the winter.
Willcove
Improved,
Goshen
Late White, and Cattell's Eclipse
carry us on until the
end of May or the firstweek of Jane.
The last two varieties we
alwaysplanton a north border.
Of Savoys,wegrowEarly Dwarf Ulm and Dwarf Green Curled,
plantedimmediately after the earlyPotatoes are dug.
Our earliest Cabbages are Yeitch's Improved, Atkins's Matchless,
and Wheeler's Imperial. The firstnamed
is the sweetest
little Cabbage we
and
be
to
can
know,
planted
advantage
15 inches apart each way.
Of Celery,we find Incomparable White and Hood's Dwarf Bed
Edwabd
I have some
Luckhukst.
of Williams's Bed, but
good varieties. This season
have not tried it yet. When
tinguish
growing in the row I cannot disit from Hood's.
VEGETABLES
FOR
NEXT
YEAR.
Our earliest Dwarf Kidney Beans are NewingtonWonder
aad
Eemakes on the above subjectare well timed, as the season
is Fulmer's
Forcing, followed by Negro Longnod through the
We find all three good useful varieties.
again coming round for procuringsuppliesof seeds for another
season.
I forward a few hints,hoping that other corresfiondents We had a largebed of Onions this year.
The varieties were
year.
will do the same, so that we
White
all be able to procure any
Spanish (seed saved from home-grown selected bulbs),
may
that
have
Nuneham
Park
hitherto
the
a
not
good novelty
we
(evidentlygood varietyof
former),White
grown.
To beginwith Peas, I think that most
much
very
gardeners will agree Globe, Bedfordshire Champion (theseagain were
that the past season
with me
Danvers' Yellow,a good variety,
has been a favourable one
and James's
for alike),
Keeping,
that esteemed
for use late in the spring. I find nothing beats the Bed Italian
vegetable. For early crops we generallygrow
Dickson's First and Best [Dillistone's
fection.
Tripolifor standingthe winter.
Early], and Taber's PerThis season
Of Beets, we find Pine Apple Short Top and Dell's Crimson
we
added Kentish Invicta,and it turned
out exceedinglywell,coming in a few days later than the former
both good.
time on
the same
Dutch
at the same
border.
We
two, sown
menced
comForcing and EarlyHorn are good early Carrots,with
Intermediate
to pick on M"T Slat.
The next
for late use.
to follow was
Essex
For Kale to stand the winter,Yeitch's Dwarf Green Carled is
Eival,a capitalsecond earlyvariety.This againwas followed by
Lax^ou's Supreme and Prolific;
then by Advancer, Wonderful, a first-ratevariety.
and Premier.
The above six sorts were
Our Lettuce
called
to stand the winter is a local variety,
at the same
sown
time,
on
Cos ; it is an
a west border,and
excellent sort ; I have fremade an excellent succession.
quently
I do not
Hampshire Brown
iatend again growing Laxton's two Peas for the parlourtable,
For summer
I
out them 2 lbs. each earlyin June.
use
as I find they come
find Paris White Cos and Hicks' Hardy White Cos both firstin but very little earlier than Advancer.
The latterhas been considered much
rate varieties.
Stanstead Park is a good Cabbage Lettuce for
the best variety.Supreme
is a great bearer and a fine Pea for exhibition,
H. J. C, Hackwood
but by my
ployers
emearlyspringuse.
Gardens,Basingstoke.
is not considered of very good flavour.
We. picked
for
weeks
from
the
dailysupplies
same
spwing of Advancer,
PORTRAITS
OF
AND
FLOWERS,
PLANTS,
Wonderful, and Premier.
They became fit for use in the order
FRUITS.
named.
The firstdish of Advancer
was
picked on the 20th of
June.
Premier
Mektta
proved with us the best Pea this season, taking
latifolia
(Broad-leaved
Meryta). Nat, ord.,Araliit altogether.The last dish of it was picked on November
4th, aceas.
Linn., Pentandria
Pentagynia. A native of Norfolk
and the qualitywould have been very good had it not been for Island.
First discovered by F. Bauer.
It has a slender tapering
the sharp frost we
had here the night before
stem of from 50 to 60 feet in height,with a cluster of large
viz.,T below
in full flower yesterday(November 12th), leaves, each 3 feet long, at the apex, from the centre of which
freezing. They were
when
the haulm was
I may add that our
soil here
rises the inflorescence. This consists of hermaphrodite flowers^
pulledup.
is a stiffcalcareous loam, and has been used for kitchen garden sessile,
with imperfectanthers,crowded in clusters of six so as
crops
upwards of 150 years.
to form many
compound yellowheads, which are seated on an
We grow the old Walnut-leaved Kidney for our
earliest crop
erect green rachis.
{Bot.Mag., t. 5932.)
of Potatoes,both in pitsand out of doors.
We have tried many
DiAsciA
Baeeeeje
(Diasciaof Mrs. Barber). Bemarkable
but for earlyuse
doubt
and good flavour nothing is equal for its two spurs at the base of the flower, which
varieties,
are no
to it. Veitch's Improved Ashleaf comes
ing
to attract insects for the purpose of effectin next, and is an excelfilled with nectar
lent
sent over
fertilisation.
Named
after Mrs. Barber, who
sort;it is the heaviest, croppingKidney Potato we have tried
for ea) lyuse.
Dalmahoy, Piiterson's Victoria,and York Begent the seeds. Flowers rose-red,with a yellow spot, in the centre
all good. For our
are
latest crop we
a
varietycalled of which are two green dots, situated on the throat of the
grow
Smith's Seedling. This is a good cropper, well shapen, does
of from 4 to 6 inches long. {Ibid.,
corolla ; arranged in racemes
not grow
and
is
for
table
from
the
time it is t. 5938.)
good
very large,
in again. I have not seen
dug up until earlyPotatoes come
Pednus
this
CEEAsiFEEA
(Cherry-bearing Plum). Nat. ord.,
to this locality. It is a round
BosacesE.
varietyanywhere until I came
Linn., Icosandria Monopynia. The " Cerisette "
Potato with a pink eye, though sometimes
and the
we
of the French
come
across
a
Kirsohfiflaume" of the Germans,
root
with but a small spot of pink on
The
fruit
in this country as the Myrobalan Plum.
each tuber.
I will known
forward you a small dish of them
acid taste and a
has an
for your opinion. I have
is either solitary
itia small fascicle,
or
tried the American
the
flowers
as
fruit
in
but
have
firm
flesh.
Seldom
them
in
England,
not grown
ficient
sufvarieties,
produces
"

"

""

"

"

"

"

"

"

quantities yet to be able to say what they will be. Bedskinned Flourball we
find an extraordinarycropper and good
for baking. From
a peck of seed
planted this spring we dug
up six bushels of Potatoes.
Our earliest Cauliflower is Early London, sown
the firstweek
in September,
and wintered in a cold pit. I sow Welcheren
at the

generallynipped by the froaL" (Ibid.,t. 5934.)

Plaoianthus
Lyalli
(Lyall'sPlagianthus). Nat. ord.,
A small tree
Mnlvaceaa.
Linn., Monadelphia Dodecandria.
which grows in the mountainous
regionsof New Zealand, and
flowers
in
discovered there by Dr. Lyall. It
January, and
was
the forests,whilst in
is then a conspicuous feature round
time for a succession. Erfurt Mammoth,
same
it is not less so from the beautiful golden colour of
in a frame
autumn
sown
and
in February,
in next.
comes
I then sow the same
varietyagain ithe fading leaves. Flowers pure white with pink styles,
out of doors in March.
Another
t. 5935.)
and
sowing of Walchereu
arranged in fascicles. [Ibid.,
Yeitch's Autumn
Nat.
Giant in April,and again in the second week
Megaclinium
ord.,
Megaolinium).
puhpuratdm
(Purpled
in May, will carry us on until nearlyChristmas, and longer if Orohidaoete. Linn.,GynandriaMonandria.
Discovered at the
are

"

"

"

November

23, 1871. ]

JOURNAL

HOETIGULTUBE

OF

AND

COTTAGE

GAEDENEB,

397

Month
of the Nun River,in tropical
Africa.
an
object
Richis,inclacling It is only latelythat these chaste flowers became
and that a succession had to be kept up for a conthe connate
siderable
bracts,narrowing towards the soape, and acute at of interest,
the end ; colour a dirtyyellow greeu. sprinkled with purple.
time.
We had no great stock to go to, so when we
angular."
wanted a number
of good pots,we
used to take up a part of a
Flowers a quarter of an inch long. Column
short,wings tribed well matted with roots, tear it to pieces,pick it over, and
". 5936 )
(IftW,,
"
the
t
he
best-swelled
Pybus
in
after
A prominent position
malus
selecting
prominent hard buds, we packed
floribunda."
left
was
from six to nine of the roots in a 6-inch pot. What
deciduous trees must be
very front ranks of hardy ornamental
used to plant again in the usual bed-fashion. Now
allotted to this remarkably fioriferous plant,which forms a small
we
we
tree,producinglong slender branches,which buret out in ear)y should be inclined to plantentirelyin rows, and in littleseparate
Wa
took up a few as
last season
clumps in the rows.
spring (aboutthe end of April)into leafygarlandsof brilliantlycoloured flowers.
buds proceeds described,
From
each of the numerous
potted them, and when their floweringwas over we
the
the
in
orchard
the
short
that
leaves should
inch
in
so
a
house,
length, bearing put
pots
spur-likeshoot of about an
minating
several of the small lanceolate,aoutely-serrated
then turned out of the pots,
experience no check.
They were
leaves,and terthe contents of each pot making two or tkre* patches,and well
in a kind of corymb of seven
or
eightlovelyblossoms
mulched
taken up they had buds silmoot as strong as
slender peduncles,which thus convert the shoots into very
on
; when
who have no such old
brilliant iloral wreaths,measuring from 4 to 6 inches through. imported roots. Meanwhile, those persons
or
inch long, and of beds or patchesto fallback on, had better have at once
a dozen
The
flower buds are ovate, about half an
of patchesfrom Holland.
Bulb merohauts
make a point
rich crimson,lookinglike clusters of small elongatedCherries. a score
of importing these patchessufficiently
with a mass
of roots,
and acuminate,the segments woollyinside
The calyxis narrow
large,
The patches will cost
a largerpot.
and smooth
outside,while the small oblong ovary is pubescent. to filla 6 or 7-inch or even
half from
Is. to Is. Qd. each, and whether
obtained by the dozen
The blossoms are succeeded by small round fruit?. When
expanded the flowers appear stripedwith white and carmine, or the hundred, we would advise the dark treatment with a
the petalsbeing imbricated,the inner part remaining white, mild heat at first. If the pots were
partlyplunged in a tempe-'
while the outer exposedhalf becomes coloured. Fally expanded rature of 70", whilst that at the top close to the buds was merely
from
55"
to
would
be
certain.
We have found
the flowers are white,the five petalsbeing white inside,
success
60",
more
ing,
spreadclawed ; in the
oblong,rounded at the apex, and distinctly
placing an empty reversed pot over that containing the roots
centre
is a tuft of numerous
what
somean
erect stamens, and five styles
advantage. Towards spring all these precautionsare of less
In the open air the plantsthrive well in good sandy
moment.
exceedingthem in length. The gradationof colour,and
will improve
are
the varying form presentedby the buds and flowers,
loam, and a mulching with rotten dung in summer
very
the
size
and
pleasing. Their profusion renders the plant exceedinglygay
maturity of the floweringbuds. Good flower stems
if
the
buds
and
and ornamental,and, indeed, in the earlier stages of developbe
firm
a
are
expected
ment,
quarter of an inch
may
of plants
We latelysaw
a great number
owing to the abundant but gracefully
disposedtrusses of or more, in diameter.
of the tree is truly which
were
highly-colouredbuds, the appearance
expected to be useful for forcing. Hardly a bud
Such
Beautiful as are
the Almond
trees in the early shoot was
larger than a good-sized stocking needle.
gorgeous.
spring, they are utterlyeclipsedby this handsome
Pyrus, plantswould require two years' growth and greatcare to make
such
beautiful
which has not only a more
Ladies
coloured
them
fitfor
who
like
to gather
but more
forcing.
elegant,
brilliantly
the fins healthy
with a settingof small green leaves.
fiowers for themselves,should be merciful on
inflorescence,
taken at all freelythe buds for next
"We cannot claim actual noveltyfor this plant,but it is comparativelyleaves, for if these are
doubt not our
new, and so little known, that we
year will be inferior. E, F.
readers generallywill find in it a novel source
of floral beauty.
The figure
was derived from specimens furnished by Mr. Waterer,
GORHAMBURY."
No. 1.
of Knap Hill, and We
have received others equally beautiful
Thebs
than
from Mr. W. Paul,of Waltham
are few placesof greater interest to the antiquary
Cross,Mr. Cripps,of Tnnbridge
Wells, and the garden of the Royal Horticultural Society. St. Albans and its neighbourhood. Its venerable abbey, if not
This tree should be introduced everywhere,and plantedfreely." equal to some
of Our cathedrals in architectural beauty, has
nevertheless
and Pomologist,
3 s., iv.,241.)
peculiarfeatures of its own.
Bold, massive, and
{Florist
notable for the
commanding in appearance, it is still more
various materials of which it is composed. Stones from the
bricks
walls of the ancient cityof Verulam, mixed with Roman
CORNICK
BLACK.
VEESDS
from some
form
neighbouringdwellingsand Saxon masonry,
16th that Mr. Taylorhas made
Seeing in the Journal for November
the heterogeneousmatter used by the Normans
in constructing
remarks
that was
triedOctober '21th between
very severe
npon the case
to have been situated not more
than
myselfand Mr. Black, I ask Mr. Taylor it ho will bo so kind as to this pile. Verulam seems
the distance of a couple of -stone throws from the abbey ; and
prove that what he has said is true. He says the person I broughtwith
me
of the best of the things Mr. Taylor is mistaken.
purchased some
have
of
late,by patientexploration,
prettyclearly
antiquarians
My firstwitness purchasedthe whole lot ; so there is no best or worst
of this old settlement,though they
laid down
the boundaries
about that. In the nest item, which was an account by itself,
there were
it was
cannot definitely
destroyed. The crumbling
say by whom
3 lbs. 3 ozs. of Grapes. I told my witness to purchasethe 2 lbs. 3 ozs.
remains
of flints and mortar
appear to indicate the period of
which were
in a pnnnet by themselves,and then ask the priceof the
its existence as being long anterior to the Roman
invasion,
1 ib.,and if he could get the salesman
to sell it for less than the rate
while an adjacentchurch, that of St. Michael,is reported,and
the 2 lbs. 3 ozs. were
sold at, to buy the 1 lb. also. The 2 lbs. 3 ozs.
to
have
been
built
the
site
another.
of
on
sold for 20^.,and the salesman
would not sell the 1 lb. under 10s. ; on
very good grounds,
were
Although an historical interest is attached to the neighbourthe best was
hood
so if there was
leftwith
any best or worst in this last,
of St. Albans, the town itself presents little th.it is reMr. Taylorsays it appearedI bad been paid over
and
the salesman.
markable
above what my things
realised. Surelyif such had been the case, with
excepting its agreeableposition,which is somewhat
able
counsel
such
Mr. Black
had
in Mr. Moore, Q.C., the conas
test
elevated,the ground fallingaway gentlyon all sides,differing
would
not have been givennp in my favour as soon
as
my last in this respect from those of most other towns in this district ;
witness was sworn, and before he was examined.
S. C. C. Coeniok.
Hertford,Ware, and Luton being all in valleys.
Our business, however, is not with St. Albans but with Gorand park upwards of two miles to the west
hambury, a manor
LILY
OP
THE
VALLEY
CULTURE.
of that town.
Railway,and
Alightingfrom the North-Western
We have several times tried a few of the imported clumps, taking the nearest footpath to Gorhambury, we pass the spot
and with fair success, though we have had quiteas good shows
where stood Verulam, the ruins of which in few placesare more
jrom
our
this place there is also a good
own
home-grown roots. Both grow best with the than a yard in height. From
continue our
room
view of the noble abbey. We
pots in a very gentleheat and in a dark place,such as a Mushway through the
When
house.
the shoots rise, and the bloom-stalks
churchyard of St. Michael, and leaving ths various Itgended
show themselves,let them
find ourselves
be exposed then to lightby degrees, Prae Wood
confronted
on
our
left,we
by the
tance
disOf course
this extra
without giving them any sudden check.
entrance lodge to Gorhambury, but the park itself is some
is
The
road
is
and
bounded
These
"are
wide,
beyond.
chieflynecessary for early returns.
by neatlyclipped
imported
clumps have, however,given us a lesson, and we cannot keep it hedges,with arable land on each side ; and passing along we
Instead of allowingthe plants to run
into beds, at length reach another
to ourselves.
gate, which admits us to the park.
shall be deceived if these imported masses
Here a long stretch of carriageroad winds through a paik of
do not stand
we
trees and flunked on
at
more
thinlyapart. Some that we turned out thinlyin rows, in unusual size,studded with numerous
least two of itssides by an extensive wood.
took them
littlebundles,showed
The mansion is at
very fair buds when we
up.
"

"

"

"

OF

JOUBNAL

398

HOKTICULTUEE

as
we
journeyon and pass the
shroud
it from
graduallymore
view, we become
mire
but adof its importance,and cannot
impressed with a sense
The psrk has many
the good taste which placed it there.
The
sion,
manof greatlength.
avenues
groups of trees and some
kitchen
garden, and dressed grounds, which occupy an
the
situated
t
o
near
from
middle,
of
are
sixty
area
fifty
acres,
being well sheltered with largetrees profuselyscattered around,

but
first scarcelydiscernible,
trees which

and which
of

give to
country home.

The

mansion

Grimston, Earl

of
of

COTTAGE

AND

GAEDENEB.

[ November

23, 1872.

fashionable
about the end of the seventeenth
which
became
and beginning ol the followingcentury. A row
of Corinthian
adorns
its southern
columns
front, and on the opposite side
broad flights
of steps lead the visitor to the best suite of rooms
to
is obtained
in that direction,whilst at the same
spot access
floor. The offices are
united at the north-west
side,
a lower

in the garden. The

but the other sides are all included
sion,
manwhich
is built of a local sandstone,carries the stamp of
characteristic age upon it,and presents a noble appearance.
the whole
the appearance
so
the various departnotes
on
ments
[Before proceeding with our
of the gardens we will record what we know
of the early
Gorhambnry, the principalseat of Viscount
the
of
those
Grecian
is
of
structures
place.
history
one
Terulam,

GOBHAMBDRV.

such visits to Sir

So novel were
of St. Albans, appropriated to
there again in 1573.
was
of Westwick, attached to the abbey, Nicholas,that previouslyto her firstvisit he wrote to Lord
that is,Gorcalled it Gorhambuiy
erected a mansion, and
Burghley for advice how to entertain her ; " for,"he added,
in suohe a matter then
is more
rawe
mandy. "in very deede no
natives of Gorham, in Norman
hsm's Eesidence.
His family were
It was
situated lower donn
the hill in front of the
myselfe." We have not Lord Burghley's reply. In 1577, as
Goibamdied in 1166.
Eobert de Goiham
again at Gorhambnry, and we
alreadynoted. Her Majesty was
present mansion.
Tho
of the cost of this visit to Sir Nicholas.
have an account
of the abbey,and so remained
bnry then became the
Eobert

de

Goiham, Abbot

himself part of the

manor

"

property
That
abbey'sdissolution in the time of Henry YIII.
it
to
Sir Ealph Eowlatt,whose son conveyed
granted
it in 1543 to Sir Nicholas Bacon, and in that familyit has since
build'A house was
built by him.
He commeneed
remained.
ing in 1563, and flnished in 1568. It cost him about "2000,
but then, he adds,in a privatememorandum, he did not reckon
"
any timber felled within the Lord Keeper'swoods, neither is
there valued any freestone from the abbey of St. Albans," for
that was ruthlessly
despoiledon the occasion.
Queen Elizabeth visited him there often,and when there in
1577, she told him, " Your house is too littlefor you." " Not
me
his reply," but your Majesty has made
so. Madam," was
too greatfor my house."
first at Gorhambnry in 15701, but of that
The Queen was
until the

monarch

narrative ; but it is
other visits we have seen
no
some
certain she was well contented with her entertainment,for she

"577 6s. lid., but we will only particularise

was
gross amount
that " 206 capons
cost "16 5s. id. ; pullets21s. ; chickens,
31 dozen and 8,"6 6s. id. ; geese, 10 doz., "6 12s. ; ducklings,
12 dcz.,"3 13s. ; pigeons, 19 doz. and 7, 42s. Wd. ; rabbits,
61 dcz. and
9, "7 9s. Gd. ; herbs, flowers,and Artichokes,
"6

15s. lOd."
of Sir Nicholas,
The
estate passed to the youngest son
celebrated
Lord Bacon," who found the difiiculty
hambnry
and expense
of bringing a sufficient supply of water to Gorso
was
large,that he said," If the water could not be
the
to
water."
brought to the house, he would bring the house
of the avenue
House
at the end
built Verulam
H", therefore,
The
of
about
estate
the
an
at
"10,000.
ponds
facing
expense
ried
at length vested in a female of the Bacon
family,and she mar-

and

BEKERENCES

A, Baised

terrace walk, 20 feet wide.

B
D

F,

Mansion.

TO

Mrs. Polloc k.
1, Geranium
2, Verbena Purple King.
3"3, Verbena, wbite-ilower ed variety,
4 4, Viola cornnta.
S" 5, Geranium
Waltham
Seedling,edged with Ceraetinm.
"

"

"

PLAN

OP

B, Walks 10 feet wide.

D, Grass verges.
G, Portico.

"

Francis,the

Grimston.

The

third Tifcount
in 1776.

buildingthe present mansion

GARDEN

FLOWEB

AT

commenced
Grimston
fronn
The
centre was

GOBHAMBURT.

6"6, Geranium
Stella,edged with Cerastium.
7 7, Bogue's Dark-leaved
Beet, edged with Golden
kinds.
8"8, Verbenas, mixed
Indian Yellow.
9"9, Geranium
Trentham
Rose.
10 10, Geranium
11"11, Geranium
Alma, white-edged variety.
12 12, Geranium
Amy Hogg, deep rose.
13 18, Blue Lobelia and Gazanin mixed,
bronze and gold varieties.
14"14, Geraniums
"

"

"

"

"

Pyrethrnm.

November

23, 1871. ]

JOURNAL

OP

"

HOETICULTUEE

(Z)

AND

"

CD

COTTAGE

"

GARDENEE,

399

c3

CD

"

CD

"

CD

"

CZ)

400

JOUENAL

the designsof Sir Kobert

completed, and
style. Eds.]

HOETICULTUBE

Taylor,bnt he died before the whole

the

was

OF

wings

were

added

in

an

inferior

"

The

dressed grounds extend

sides of the mansion, and are

AND

COTTAGE

GAEDENEE.

[ November

23, 1871.

them some
over
covering,and by placing
long stable dung they
are
prevented from being blown about the garden. It is beneficial
to water the soil in which
the plants to be forced are
growing with water heated to 130",coveringthe ground immediately

considerable distance on both

with leaves.
well furnished with trees and
TKUIT
GAHDEN.
shrubs, while to the south there is an open expanse holding a
Figs against walls will require some
geometrical group of flower beds.
rrotecling material
Beyond this an UDueual
over
in the midland
feature in ornamental
placed
them, more
especially
and northern
groundwork is met with,being an elevated
counties.
wall
Some
as
terrace walk running parallel
trees,
Pears,Plums, Cherries,"o., are
with the mansion
at the distance
in which
the trees should be well
case
of about 150 feet. It is raised about 3 fset above the level of often attacked by scale,
washed
with a mixture
the panel whereon
of soft soap, tobacco water, and lime ;
the flower beds,and which is the same
are
half a pint of spirits
of turpentinemay be added to every four
as that of the walk at the base of the mansion.
The proportions
when
of this terrace are
also imposing, being some
they are much infested. The
20 teet gallons of the mixture
lima ii added to gire consistence to the mixture, and to show
wide and 400 or 500 feet long. A ha-ha or retainingwall,with
that
of
the
no
is
missed
in dressing. Let this be aptrees
ornamental
iron fence upon it,forms the park boundary on
an
part
plied
that side,the interior having a
that it may remain on for
during dry weather,if possible,
grass slope of the ordinary
orchard
some
time, and before the trees are nailed. Where
angle. I suspect there are few who walk upon this fine terrace
but remark
how well everything looks from it,the beds of trees have been for some
years left unpruned, the hand-saw
scarlet Geraniums
Keep the
showing to every advantage,and a peep into will be required to thin out the largerbranches.
the park where
Lady Verulam's
are
Alderney cows
grazing middle of the trees open to admit air, and to promote the
formation
of
fruit
the
interior
is also obtained. Still,
buds on
of the branches.
It is,
with all these advantages I am
not
that it is an improvement.
of fruit tree to
sure
It carries with it a feeling however, a bad practiceto leave any description
it would in all cases
that it is too artificial,
as
the
cultivator
to
itself,
and on looking from the walk nearest to
pay
prune such
the mansion
its appearance
is not pleasing. Had the panel of once
over-ripebefore
a-year at least. Do not let Pears become
the flower beds been sunk, and the walk close to the mansion
being used ; also look over the whole slock as often as time can
be spared,removing any fruit that exhibits symptoms of decay,
niade the same
it would have been
height as that of the terrace,
and put them
aside for immediate
use.
rieties
different,
Any of the choice vabut, as it is,it is rather intrusive than ornamental.
of Pears that do not ripen properly in the fruit room
Shrubs and other plantsdisguiseit,excepting in front of the
should
be
removed
This
to
flower garden ; it ia only there that fault can
a
warm
for
few
room
a
dry
days.
be found with it,
will be found
and I am
to greatlyimprove them.
Keep the fruit room
not sure that many
will do even
that." J. Eobson.
as
cool and dry as possible; if frost is excluded from it,it can
scarcelybo too cool where the object is to preserve the fruit
NOTES
AND
GLEANINGS.
plump and sound as long as possible.
We
understand that the Eotal
Hoktioultukal
Society's
PLOWEB
GAKDEN.
Pkovincial Show is to take place in 1872 at Birmingham, than
Alterations,planting,"c., will be carried out this autumn
which we think bnt few towns, if
any, offer a better chance of with much
is concerned, and
as
comfort
far as the weather
success.
Birmingham, next to London, is the most important those who have employed additional labour to carry out this
railway centre in the country, easilyaccessible from all parts, work will have littleto
regretin the spring. All tender or halfand horticulture is well supported by the inhabitants
of the
hardy shrubs should have some
protectionplanned forthwith,
town and surrounding district. The site of the exhibition we
and especially
the tender kinds of Koses.
Standards
of the
believe is to be the Lower
Aston
grounds. A local committee
latter may have a bunch of dry moss, a wisp of hay or straw, or
iflbeing organised,of which Mr. A. Forrest,of Cherry Street,
well
dried fern bound
round
the head, and the whole
some
is the secretary^" tern. ; and we doubt not that the Warwickshire
fastened to a stake.
Those
in beds are
best secured with a
will make
men
their show as greata success
that
held
as
coating of moss.
Any porous material which will not retain
at Nottingham this year.
will no
water long,and, of course, prevent the air circulating,
Me. Henkt
doubt answer.
The
shire,
Willis, of Whidown, Broadclyst,Devonground should be coated over 4 inches
when
dug up in his garden, a few days ago, under one stalk, thick at least. We are now
a
season
little
can
approaching
the extraordinary
number
of one
hundred
Lapstone Kidney be done with florists' flowers. Auriculas,Carnations,Pinks,
a

Potatoes,the produce of

singlegrain of seed taken from the

Potato apple p'anted in the spring of the year.

In another column
noticed the Cheysanthemums
are
In the

Temple Gardens.

Those

Forsyth,of the Brunswick

perfectionand are well
worth inspection,
and worthy of Mr. Forsyth's
reputationas a
and plants. We
grower of specimen blooms
giving
purpose
details next week, but those who
wish to see the flowers at
bear in mind
their best should not longer delay.

Nursery,Stoke Newington,

are

of Mr.

and Pansies,are
in their winter quarters, and Tulips ought to
Attention
be paid to
must
be safelydeposited in their beds.
serious. Eethe former ; the labour,however, is by no means
supply of air
gularand careful watering,with an unbounded
is tolerably
whenever
the weather
mild, is the chief requisite,
not forgettingto keep a sharp eye on snails and other noxious
has not been remarkable
for Tulips,
insects.
The past season
far as their exhibition is concerned.
as
Eeery florist must

now

in

secure

WORK

FOR
KITCHEN

As

weather
to secure

THE

WEEK.

GARDEN.

be expected,every means
should
be adopted
of autumn
a continuance
delicacies,such
choice
as
salads,"c. All the Broccoli and Greens
Cauliflowers,
should
be looked over, and every dead leaf removed
now
to the
severe

may

soon

that now
is the season
to prepare composts, to
turf and lay it in heaps, to collect leaves,and, in fact,
soils
the
different wants of his
in a store of
adapted to

to lay
plants.

FORCING
AND
AND
PITS.
HOUSES,
CONSEKVATOET,
structures will very soon
requireto be in full activity
that will be made on them for
to supply the constant demand
Care must, however, be taken before plants
plantsin bloom.
to graduallyharden them for a day
removed to sitting-rooms,
are
diate
or
two, either by placingthem in the conservatory or intermeIn addition to keeping the conservatory gay with
house.
ally
blooming plants,let the arrangement of the house be occasionand
differently,
changed by grouping the plants somewhat
adding a few strikingspecimens for effect. Psy attention to
drons,
Rhododenplants intended for successive blooming. Azaleas,

GKEENHOUSE

These

compost-yard. This, and a generalclearingof decayed matters,

together with the trenchingand ridging of all vacant ground,
will give the kitchen garden an air of cleanliness and system.
Late-sown Caihages in the seed-bed should have some
old and
dry soil from the shed sprinkledamong their stems ; this will
them
from becoming crooked in consequence
prevent
of snow
other causes.
or
Some
Justioias, Lnculias, Eranthemums,
Cape Jasmines,
Parsley should have a protectionwhich
will exclude snow, and it is then picked with greatersecurity. Euphorbias, and Epiphyllums for forcingshould be in readiness
On dry well-drained ground on a south aspect a sowing of Peas
when
wanted.
Hyacinths and Narcissus should be protected
the plungbe made.
The double-blossomed
ing
may now
they begin to grow remove
Early Frame is the
by a frame. When
moat
to the surface of the pots to prevent their
Prince Albert is ten days
material down
profitable for this purpose.
but is apt to suffer much
earlier,
from cold winds and wet, and
rooting upwards. With the assistance of a garden frame and
does better when
started in heat and transplantedin February. some
stable manure
or
tan to furnish a gentle beat, the Hyacinth
Where
there are not pits adapted for forcing Sea-kale and
may be flowered at Christmas, and with a good stock of
For early
bulbs the displaymay be kept up till April or May.
Rhubarb,let a quantity of each be covered with pots or wooden
tember
boxes,or be hooped over with rods,and have fermenting material
floweringthe bulbs should be planted at the beginningof Sepbe planted in October,
placed round them.
Leaves are preferableto any other
; those to flower in spring should

JOURNAL

402

OF

HORTICULTURE

the weather
ia very severe
When
a clean
is
laid over
them, and remain nntil the room
cleaned and dusted.
Ia spare rooms, and in small frames and
pitsout of doors,which cannot be opened to use a small stove,
largeearthenware bottles will often be of great advantage,put
centre of the
cloth may be

room.

A good-sizedargand gas-burner
in when filled with hot water.
will keep two or three lightstolerably
safe,but the lightshould
rise into a largeinverted funnel,with a small gas pipe from it
air. "We have proved but too well that even
an
to the open
the gas the most
argand gas-burner,which consumes
perfectly
will
make
havoc
and
of any,
soon
growing
flowering
among
posite
plantswhen there is no regularoutlet from it. A large comcandle that needs no snuf"og,a good paraffin
lamp that
would
need no
trimming for the night,would keep oat frost
with the help of a littlecoveringon the glass,
and the burning
of either of these without an outlet is much
less dangerous than
burned
in
the
same
gas
way.
1q all small glasshouses where you can
enter by a door all
these modes
be tried,but the simplest and best in demay

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

so-called stove

Many

climbers

[ November

23, 1371.

succeed in a warm
conservatory. Passiof the finest of the Passifloras,
is now
temperature of 50",it is finelyscented.
Cobsea scandens
Hibbertia
are
variegata,

flora Becaisneana
for instance, one
with us in Que bloom
in a night

Other

fine climbers

or

twiners

Jasminum
volubilis,Hoya carnosa,
gracile,J. grandiflorum ; Kennedyas
bimaculata
variegnta,inophvUa floribunda. coccinea
major, and monophylla ; Physianthus albicans ; Rhyncbospermum
jasminoides, Sollya
For the pillarswe
wotUd
linearis,and Tropa^olum Triomphe de Gand.
have the smaller-growing of the former-named
climbers and shrubs, as
follows :" Habrotbamnus
fascicularis,H. am-antiacus, H. elegans ; Laculia gratissima, Mitraria coccinea, Metrosideros
floribunda,Abutilons
oleifolia elegans,
inaigne, striatum, Thompsoni, venosum
; Acacias
armata, juniperina, longifloramagnifica ; Berberidopais corallina,Bracordatum
chysema acuminata, Chorozema
splendeus, Clianthus magC. fragrans, Desfontainia
nificus,CytiBus racemnsus,
spinosa, Gompholobium
barbigeram, Eugenia hybrida, Myrtles, Plumbago
capensis,
Swainsonia
and
Chibaudia
macrautha,
Lantanas
would do,
galegif"ilia.
but we should prefer Tea-scanted
Roses, Haliotropes, and Geranioma,as
Clipper,"c.
Storing

done

Dahlia

(B. B.), Take them up if you have not already

dry shed a few days, then clear them of the soil,
in dry sand, just covering the tubers with sand.
cellar,or any place where
they will be safe from
out in March, and placing them
in a hotbed or house

Tubers

and

in a
so, lay them
store them in boxes

Put

them

in

cool

frost,bringing them
with gentle heat.

"

small iron or brick stove, with a pipe

Planting
Trees
Forest
Coast
near
the
(Inquirer).~V7e consider
be
In low pits little in this way can
from
the middle of February to the end of March
the best time to plant
"done as respects stoves,
but we
recollect hundreds
of pits forest trees. Do not, however, defer planting until very late in the
can
for we
find it does not answer.
with front walls,say from 12 to 18 inches in height,and a back
season,
Indeed, we advise as early in
There
is no
book
February as you can plant, and not after March.
wall from 3^ to 5 feet in height,and say 30 feet in length; and
of in most
to the storing of fruit,but it is treated
specially devoted
asked the simplest and cheapest mode
for merely works on gardening, as the
we
were
Cottage Gardeners' Dictionary," "fcc.
keepingfrost out, we would say. Make a brick stove in the
Duiifriesshire
Show
Fruit
for
(^n^matpur)." You had better grow
close to the back wall,say 30 inches square, and from
centre
these against a wall
Transparent Gage Plum, Cellini Apple, and Madame
Pear.
Treyve
the
back
36 to 42 inches in height,and make
in
an
opening
Leaves
the
Diseased
Vine
(F. P.)." We have carefully examined
wall largeenough to fix your furnace and ashpitdoors, so as to
eruption on the back of your Vine leaves, and think it is produced by
do all the feedingthere.
It would
be best to have the smoke
atmospheric inflnences,as there is no trace of mildew or insects. The
pipe at the front or sides,and bring it out at the back wall ; young wood of your Vines is not properly ripened, and it is too late to do
by maintaining a higher temperature ; all that you can do
any
good now
but if that were
too much
trouble,the pipe might rise at once
is to remove
the leaves as they become
yellow. You should also see that
iron square in the roof.
from the top of the stove through an
the border in which the roots are
is efficiently
drained; an undrained
A 3-inoh pipe would be ample, rising2 or 3 feet above the wall. cold Vine border is often the cause
If the
of a late,watery growth.
Nothing would be wanted but sending a 2i-inch pole through border is in good order,and a higher temperature kept up in your house
will be all right. Should
sort of eruption
next year, the Vines
the same
it about once
a-month.
With
such an
iiult of

flue would be a
the roof.

AND

going through

"

"

upright pipe draught

regulatedfrom the ashpit door,and when the fire was
something like a
burning and the bricks were
warm,
iairly
tion.
one-eighth-inchopening would sustain a long quiet combusFor a nice little pitwe know
of no mode
of keeping out
fro3t that would
be so cleanly,efEectual,
and economical.
By
must

be

usingooke

or

the best cinders there would

TRADE

CATALOGUES

be littlesmoke.

"

R. F.

RECEIVED.

F. "" A. Dickson

eeries,Ciiester.

" Sons, 106, EastgateStreet, and Upton NarCatalogueof Forest Trees, Ilardi/ Ornamental

"

Trees and Shnihs.

J.

Harrison, Grange

Catterick.
"

and Scorton Nursery,

Nnrsery, Darlington,
Descriptive
Catalogue
of Hoses and Hollyliocks,

TO

CORRESPONDENTS.

Books
You
are
{W. L.\
quite right. The price of " FJower-Garden
Plans " is 5s.,and you can
have it post free from our office for that sum
2d.
and
for
of
postage.
{Idf7n)."'"Henfrev's Introductory Course
Botany," editei by Dr. Masters, is the best book you can have.
"

Peaks

Cordons
in
North
Lincolnshire
[Aviateur). Citron des
Carmes, Beurre
of Jersey, Jersey Gratiolit
d'Amanlis, Louise Bonne
Thompson's, and Marie Louise.
for

"

Ferns
cultivate

Cold
for
Fernery
{M. B.)."A.b your house is cold you may
a
of the better class of hardy Ferns, which
are
great many
exotic
quite a*! beautiful as many
of the tender
species. Adiantutn
Capillue-Veneris,A. pedatum ; Asplenium Adiantum-nigrum, A. Trichoand
mines,
its variety cristdtum, A. fontanum, A. marinum;
Athyrium
viirs. corymbiferum, depauperatum,
FiJix-foeinina,
Frizellias,
multilidum,
Blechnum
plumosnro, and Victorige;
Spicantimbricatum, B. Spicant ramosam
cristata, L. dilatata
; Cystopterisfragilisdentata, Lastrea
cristata,
L, Filix-mas,vars.
cristata,EoUandiae, and pnlydactyla ; L. opaca; Lomaria alpina, L, chilensis; Polypodium
alpestre,P. Dryopteris, P. PheP. vulgare cambricum, P. vulgare; Polysticbam acrostichoides,
ff'ipteris,
P augulare ptumosum, P. Loncnitis, P. prolilerum, P. cristatum gracile;
Pteris aqnilina cristata ; Scolopendrium
vulgare, vars. corymbiferum,
crispura majus, cristatum, ramo
cristatum, fissum, submarginatum,
"Wardii,and ramosum
majus ; Struthiopterisgermanica, and Woodwardia
radicans.
in all
The following may
be added, and they will succeed
but the most severe
it would
be advantageous to use the
winters, when
lamp you allude to. Cyrtomium
falcatum, Litobrocbia vespertilionis,
Lomaria
magellauica, Niphobolus lingua,Onychium
japonicum, Pteris
The only Lycopods
serrulata,and its variety cristata. and P. scaberula.
ara

denticulata
Scliginella
Conservatory

and Wildenovii.

Climbers
You name
of the best
some
(A Devonian).
give you our selection for the roof.
Bignonia jasminoides
and vars.
and splendida ; Lapageria rosea
alba magni,
; Kennedya
Marryattse, rubicunda
auaveolens ; Passifloras
snperba ; Mandevilla
caaruloa racemosa,
Conite Nesselrode,
Countess
Gini^lini,Imperatrice
Eugenie ; Sollya heteropbylla, Tacsonia manicata, T, mollissima, and
T. Vun-Volxemi.
in a conservatorv,
Pergularia odoratissima succeeds
but is slow in
and should have the warmest
establishingitself,
part. We
think you are in error
as
to Tacsonia
Buchanani, but we do not see why
it should not succeed
in a conservatory as well as Bignonia Tweediana.
c

imbers, but

"

we

appear

on

the leaf send

us

one

or

two.

Spotted
[A Suh$criber). When the
are
apt to be so spotted,but the
the leaves
are
fresh, and from two
spotting frequently takes place when
too great cold and a moist
atmosphere, the cold liquid
opposite causes
when
there is a strong
in
the
hard
and
on
leif,
again
remaining
drops
heat, a bright sun, and small globules of water actiut? as a burning glass.
scorched
from bright sun acting on
We have also seen
beautiful leaves
the case with
little spots in the glass. It is just possible this maybe
your plant. On closelyexamining the glass,if you find any spots they
must
be daubed with a littlepaint.
Pandanus
leaves of the

Leaves

elegantissimus

Pandanus

are

old

"

they

"

(W. Scott)."B.efer to page 365.

Vine
BonDE.n
for
(Hamburgh). Bones from the butcher's and
house
small
which is easily done
broken
the
from
by a heavy hammer,
of the merchant.
well as the half-inch bones
a stone slab,will answer
on
Chrysanthemums
Bones

Gladiolus
last week.

"

Culture

(Sourer)."You will have

seen

what

we

published

Arrangements
Vinery
(K. P.)." It is advisable that Vine stems should
distant
from hot- water pipes. The Vines along
be from 13 to 13 inches
be less than
the above; of course
the roof should not
they will be a
ascend
towards
the apex.
The distance of
of feet as the stems
number
the pipes from the border,provided they clear it, is of less consequence
We
of the plan of carrying the pipes on an iron
approve
say 3 inches.
bar, carried from the front wall to pier a, only we would suggest a small
pier in the middle of the space to prevent the bar giving at all. We
would prefer the four pipes distributed as flows from A to B, with the
of having the pipes more
tributed
uniformly disrr-turn pipe at the back, instead
not be the
the whole width of the floor,
as then there would
over
We
think
the
ventilation
"c.
as
conveoience
pathways,
same
respects
On the
end under
the apex.
if you have openings at each
answer
may
of the
have
would
preferred doubling the number
whole, however, we
if
they had only been half the depth of the present ones.
top ventilators
"

Diseased
signs of thrips
Verbenas
(A Perplexed One)." There were
on
the plants, otherwise
seemingly all right,and for these
and mildew
smoking and sulphur-sprinklingswould be the best remedies ; but there
the leaves, and for
besides little dark
were
spots" a^kiud of leprosy,on
sufi't^red much
We
are
can
that we
give you no remedy.
sorry to say we
last
the
ourselves
plants beginning to be afl'ected at the points,
season,
until the plants were
and the malady finding its way downward
destroyed.
of our
readers can
advise. Do not let the plants suffer
Perhaps some
from
cold, A heat of 60', with
frequent syringing in addition to the
sulphuring, may bring them round.
House
Orchard
(T. H. S., Ilfracombe)."We think your
Heating
an
There will
proposed heating will suit your purposes in such a house.
always be difl'ereuces of opinion about boilers. For a moderate-sized
have found
cast-iron the most lasting.
boiler,such as will suit you, we
a
When
large boiler is required, say 4 to 6 feet in length, we prefer
of that size it is
think that when
always
rivetted wrought-lron, as wo
difficultto get the casting equal and uniform.
more
Plum
Trees
Pruning
(ff.L.)." It requires
Peach,
Nectarine, and
considerable judgment to successfullyoperate on much-neglected trees of
All the shoots that come
straiRht
kinds
trained against a wall.
these
branches of the Peaches
the main
from
branches, and the old exhausted
trainod-iu iu
be cut clean out, and vigorous shoots
and Nectarines, must
made, selecting
braoches
their place, or a fresh disposition of the main

The
and
main
best-situated side shoots.
that have the most
should be 1 foot to 15 inches apart, and the side shoots or
branches
distance along them
shoots of the current year trained in at the same

those

23, 1871. J

November

JOURNAL

OF

HORTICULTaRE

and cut bick to a wood bud or triplebud, wliicliis two bloom btids with a
thin out and nail up the branches
We would now
wood bud between.
and shoots, but defer abortenina the latter until the firatmild weather
cient
neglected and defiafter the middle of February. IE the trees are much
in shoots, the old branches
should be cut out and fresh shoots
all the foreright
will require to cut away
trained in tbeir place. You
shoots of the Plum trees to the base, and the side ahoota to within half
the short stubby shoots
The
wbich
inch of their base.
are
an
spurs,
with the buds close together, should be left entire,but if very long they
the main
near
be cut partiallyaway,
and a portion allowed to remain
may
have
or
mora
for extension; this portion must
one
branches
spurs with
buds, or it will perish. The pruning, also,should be done now.
soot you have used as a dressing of a
the contrary, is
do any barm, but, on
would
not, however, apply it at this
throw
of the year, but in trenching now
season
up the soil as roughly as
that it is dry,
apply the soot, taking care
possible,and early in March
and a very useful
Soot is a good manure,
and then fork the ground over.
is ammonia,
constituent
preventive against grubs. Its principal fertilising
be lost
which, if the soot is applied now, must in a great measure
Applying

quarter of
moKt

an

Soot (IFcs^on)."The
inch thick, will not

excellent

manure.

We

before the spring.

Winter
Manuring
Ground
in
(M. G.)."We advise the manuring of
The
manure
all ground before digging or trenching for the winter.
the ground thrown up
as spread, and
should be turned in deeply as soon
in spring during dry frostyweather, if possible.
roughly now, and forked over
and
now
manure
would
The
ground intended for Carrots we
and pulverise. At the close of the
fork well over
trench, and in March
make
the ground quite black with
month
soot, and then quite
same
white with quicklime, point them in with a fork,and sow the sead early
off the attacks of the flyand its
this ward
have known
an
April. We

grub.
Cucumber
Seed
(H. TF.)." Cox's Volunteer and Masters's Prolific may
who advertise in our columns.
be had of the principalseedsmen
Culture
Iris hispanica
pretty flowering
(Wrekin). They are
very
situation
iu an
'bulbous plants,and should be planted now
open
sunny
and covering about 2 inches
out of doors,planting in good, rich,lightsoil,
deep with light sandy soil. They may be planted half a dozen together
about 3 inches apart,putting in a peg to indicate the position. They are
(quitehardy,and will not require removal for several years.
"

caterpillarst'\toon

403

GARDENEK.

COTTAGE

AND

Nasturtium

or

Miguonette growing

in the

hood"
neighbour-

I. O. W.
Name

of

Fruit

The
(TT.H. It7.)."

Stone

Pippin.

varieties
Names
Plants
of
(W. H. C.)." We cannot undertake to name
of any other florists'flowers. (T. B. J.)."li
nor
of the Chrysanthemum
(C W. H.
is the
bush, Euonymus
europajus.
Spindle or Prickwood
gibbiflora. It is the
ri^ieW)" Doubtless
plant will be Echeveria
your
in gardens as
typicalform of the plant, of which what i^ usually known
E. metallica is only a variety merely differingin colour, consequently
by botanists called E. gibbifloravar. metallica. They are originallyfrom
Mexico.
(H. J.)."Max illaria picta, native of Brazil ; 2, Schizostylis
coccinea,from South Africa. (C. M. Major)." I, Pellsea hastata; 2, Adiantum trapeziforme ; 3, Cyperus alternifolius. (A, Y. Z.)." Selaginellacausoil any inferior loam to which
Pot your
in poor
lescens.
Euonymus
been
added
and allow a good proportion of coarse
has ever
no
manure
can
veniently
consuch green shoots or leaves as you
sind.
Cut away
brown
forms of the Lady-Fern
spare. (-B.H.). One of the monstrous
figured in Lowe's
(Athyrium Filis-foemlna),and apparently the one
oristum-coronatum.
We do
Ferns "(vol. ii.,page 36), as var.
"Native
not identifyyour succulent from the material supplied, but take it to be
allied to S. Paivse and S. spathulifolium.
a Sempervivum,
"

"

"

AND

BEE,

POULTRY.

PIGEON

.TUDGES.

THE

OVERWORKING

CHRONICLE.

of the beat and

Bome
our
poultry shows, and have no
extensive
of those
the
that
conviction
at
most
escape from the
be either more
shows
there must
jadgeaemployed or more
we
time allowed for jadging. When
expressedthis opinion to
a secretary he
replied, This is a novel fancy ; they used to
To this replyan unrefutable answer
be equal to the occasion."
have received from
is in the following extract from a letter we
We

have

of

listened to the statementa

unesaggerating jadges of

"

of the ablest of those judges :

comes
beI need scarcelysay that year by year the competition
and more
more
general,almost in every class. I mean,
that whilst jadgingwe now
find,perhaps, fifteen good pens out
about a dozen years back, three or four
of every score, whereas
number
the
of
were
same
worthy of a second
pens only out
inspection. So much for the classes in general,and committees

Fuchsias
Pyramidal
(Seiiex).We presume that you are supplied with
.
6 inch
struck
or
this summer,
fine young plants that were
being now in 4,Jr
inches
from
15
to
18
and
high. They require to be kept in a light
pota,
in fact,to be kept gently
supply of water"
position,and to have a moderate
than 40^. la
growing throughout the winter in a temperature cf more
size of pot, removing all
February they should be repotted into the same
the soil that comes
freely from amongst the roots,and placed in a
away
fire
of 45^^ from
the glass,with a temperature
near
light airy structure
of about three weeks shift into 7-inch pots, and
heat.
In the course
bfifore they become
much
matted,
when the roots reach the sides, and
be given to an 11-inch pot
transfer to 9-inch pots, and the final shift may
should be
The drainage in all cases
at the end of May or early in June.
consist of turfy loam two parts, one
part
good, and the compost may
a
a quarter of
leaf soil,half a part old cow
duag or well-rotted manure,
proportion of silver sand, the loam
part lump charcoal, and the same
chopped up but used rather rough. Pot firmly,and place a neat stake to
flower,then
the leading shoot, which need not be stopped until it show
in its place the fresh shoot
which will result
take out its point. Train
tremely
exfrom the stopping; this will not require stopping unless 'it grow
tall,and then it should be stopped so as to produce side shoots
for the furnishing of the upper part of the plant. These will also require
ing
them to branch, and should be kept from flowerstopping, so as to cause
As you succeed well with
until a good and shapely plant is formed.
do not see
why you should not secure
pyramid App^e and Pear trees, we
ing
Give them
abundance
of air and light,waterfine specimen Fuchsias.
and giving weak
liquid
dry, but before the leaves flat?,
only when
full of roots.
Continue the stoppinguntil six
after the pots are
manure
weeks before you wish the plants to flower.
or seven

one

Stove
a
a Cool
dozen, as you
Plants
for
(Idem). We only name
Allamanda
Burchellia capensis, Franciecea
wish for but few.
ceriifolii,
radicana major, Ixora acuminata, Lasiconfertiflora variegata.Gardenia
macrantha
andra
ensiferum, Pentas
carnea,
floribunda, Moaoch^tum
Eondeletia speciosa mnjor, Poinsettia pulcherrima, Medinilla magnifica,
and Imantophyllum
miniatum, all of easy culture and cheap.

sat down
that when
words were.
we
up ;' Mr. Teebay's own
will be even
could hardly get up again.' Birmingham
rather than better."
worse
when
the labour of the
The time has now
arrived,therefore,
worthy
judges must be diminished. If this is not done the trustwill shrink from the task,exhibitors will be dissatisfied
and then the committees will have to smart
by hastydecisions,

"

"

Lawn
so good for lawns
Dust
for
EoNE
(M. A.). There is no manure
bone dust, and you may apply itat the rate of sixteen bushels per acre in
now
and then we
would
have the weeds
Between
grubbed up,
March.
before
with an iron rake
and the lawn well raked
sowing the bone dust,
rollingwell after the firstrain subsequent to manuring.
"

as

to have
(F. C. Taylor)."As you seem
80 many
pipes are laid beneath them, or below
doors, we presume
your
the floor level, and if so, more
piping will be required than if the pipes
all exposed. As to your not getting so much
heat in your hothouse
were
department as in the cool house, we notice that you have three pipes on
one
side and
two sides, or rather on
one
end, whilst for such a house,
of piping all round, or
an
amount
14 feet wide, you would require such
have shut off the greater part of one
at least in proportion. Then
you
end as a pit,and thus, so far as the beat of the house is concerned, you
to heat the atmosphere fullyone-third.
We
are
have lessened its power
it did not heat, as that might
sorry you have pulled your pit out because
the complete exclusion from
as
such causes
arise from
air,the too great
cocoa-nut
refuse.
That
thickness [of a covering of stone, or too much
inaccessible to heat and cold passing
substance, when dry, would be more
thick matting. The cool house with four pipes
through it than a secure
two
sions
diviof heating. Besides, when
power
has, on the whole, as much
thus heated from a boiler separately,it often happens that the
are
the valve
flow is more
rapid into one than the other, and in that case
should be regu'ated so as to give the fullflow firstwhere the flow naturally
is most
sluggish. If there is the least difference in the level of the pipes,
the water will go most
readily into the highest pipe. The boiler is no
When
the fire is banked
doubt a good one.
up, the damper, too, should
We
be judiciously used.
think, then, that the chief deficiency in the
hothouse is the need of more
piping.

Conservatory

with

"

"

of pens to each judge in

appoint quite as large a number
the aggregateof a whole customary
his division,as formerlymade
It requiresno
bilities
show.
logicianto prove that the responsiand
thrice
be
as heavy ;
of the jadgea must
as, to
fully
always at largeshows givequite as
save
expenses, committees
much
in each division as occupies the whole day in judging,

now

arbitrators at these very largemeetings rarely see anything

appointed.
of those classes to which they are not specially
in
Palace
a
Show, except
Hence, for instance, at the Crystal
few cases
during the judging,when requested by my fellow
judges to ' justgive them my opinion on difiScultieacropping
nothing at all of the birds out
up in their allotted tasks, I saw
out
withhard at it incessantly,
classes ; yet I worked
of my own
time to eat anything from daybreak until
having even
knocked
and
were
Mr.
'completely
myself
Teebay
nightfall.

the

'

'

we

for diminished

receipts.

Hothouse

Ihsect (W. iV.)."The insect found on a rod

of the common
small white
butterfly,which

LIGHT

BRAHMAS.

(seepage 367),as
pleasedto read the letter of Cutis
of breeding and exhibitingis the
real thought about matters
rightway to succeed in both ; and, perhaps, I shall do best by
friend's remarks justas they
replyingin order to my unknown
in conversation with him.
occur, and as though I were
both black in the
I mean
colour " in Light Brahmas
By
and "Onus,"
and
described both by me
as
proper feathers,
the body. Many birds
also a pure pearlywhite colour over
with
real
white
hardlyany
latelyhave been shown quiteyellow,
at all. Bat further, while I regard the black in
about them
indeed
essentialto a really
the neck-hackle
as
important,
very
good bird, black in the saddle is far less so, and is so described
Many of the best birds have white saddles,and these
by me.
I

"

"

WAS

"

are

often, as

I have

said iu the work

referred

to, to be

even

time I do think that a thinlywhile at the same

preferred,
stripedsaddle,when to be had, greatlysets off a bird. But
Their hackles lately
also are
the pullets
to be considered.
in a vinery is the chrysalis
and the brilliantblack
had,probably,fed in the have been nearly as bad as the cocks,

JOURNAL

404

OF

HOETICULTUEE

"
the " muddy '' hackle " Guns
in the cocks.
for definitions.
Regarding Cheltenham, I admit
So much
that the prizeswent to birds superiorin size but deficient in
there
was
but
I
myself,though only a short time,
markings ;
chickens
there of "almost
no
and 1 must
perfect
say I saw

we

nsed

to

see

is

mourns
correctly

replacedby
o\et

AND

COTTAGE

[ November

GARDENER,

2S, 1871.

is useless

when
is " down," as I think this is,to
a breed
That is a greatmistake of
attempt to get every point at once.
even
experienced breeders. It takes years to make a
many,
strain what it ought to be,though two seasons
will make
giant
strides towards perfection
in good hands.
L. Wkight.
"

were
If it is absolutely
that Light Brahmas
markings." The only pair decentlymarked
should
necessary
in body. With
size of the Dark varietyto win, I,of course,
regard to Mr. Pares again, I attain the enormous
Bristol show
at least (1869,I think),
where
one
argument is to the effect
agree with Mr. L. Wright ; but my
only reallyblack-necked hens or pullets(Iforget that as they are and always have been, in this country at least,
I
do
admit
his
birds
are
much
inferior
in
be made
cannot
to attain the
class,though
usually
frame, they
minghamsize of their more
fortunate rivals.
breeders
lighterthan I like. With regard to my remarks on the BirLight Brahma
have done their very beat year by year, but once
fail
more
awards, very singularlyI wrote the contrary. What
we
I said was, as I distinctly
the dark birds are larger
remember, that (like"Cutis") 1 to see greatsize ; whereas, if possible,
"
heard the awards more
and feather we
can
complained of, and on the very than ever.
never
obtain,
Symmetry, pencilling,
small ;" and my object although Mr. Wright appears
so
the abilityof our
to doubt
ground that the winning birds were
exhibitors
themselves
show
that
the
to
breeders
were
so
the latter.
to secure
was
running
award
made
other
an
on
after mere
was
It appears to me
is naturally
that one variety
size, that when
a simple fact,
I believe with every
grounds they complained of it. Mr. Long had said judges larger than the other,and in common
trary,
fancier of the variety,
I think that where both compete, size,if
would only look at size ; I instanced Birmingham to the conremarked
and
(as written)that when judges (quite it is size,should not absolutelyturn the scale,as it invariably
decided by shape and colour,the other exhibitors complained. does, and
under such circumstances.
With reference to
must
righiiy)
that judges would
to show
that of the
give shape, particularly
My object was
duck-shaped hens," I believe
even
honours
to small birds if good in shape and colour, but
that
doctors disagree." Possiblyit was
the same
eminent
size. What
that it was the exhibitors who were
lookingto mere
of " the
judge mentioned
by Mr. Wright, who spoke to me
bird at Spalding I do not
of the first-prize
duck-like bodies " of a pairof hens,whereas their owner,
may have become
where
everyagain at the very best shows
know, but I do know that he won
acknowledged to be a greatjudge of the varietyhimself,
to the point,and again proves that judges told me
that they were
the finest he ever
after,which is more
possessed,and coming
will encourage
successful yard in the country this should be
good colour and form when they meet with it. from the most
bird
hinder
a
at
worth
the two Birmingham
Mr.
instances
winning
particular
s
how,
Many thingsmay
any
something.
Wright
than mere
size for
and there might also be other reasons
cockerels as examples of "small"
winners; the fact is,that
thinking Mr. Pares's fourth-prizecockerel ought to have been
they were fair in size and first-rate in shape,whereas there was
ing
higher. After all,these are individual differences of opinion. not a reallylargebird in the class,and certai y none combinthat
perfectionin form and
My simple object was to prove
mouth,
moderately large siz
Again at Plysymmetry with even
and
that
would
win
on
did
size,
he
colour
and
Mr. Wright has instanced
be well paras
against
breeders,
it,
may
doned
qualify
the contrary, rather went
for size. Yet I would
took
not " dis"Little Sampson"
for the award.
undoubtedly
birds.
be judged the fancy of his judge,and shape carried the day againstrivals,
a bird must
white-hackled
After all,
Prom
that award I became
as a whole
; that is the greatsecret of judging,and will explain be it remembered, 8 lbs. heavier.
which
awards
size ; possibly,Mr.
puzzle those who can only look at one
prejudiced in favour of shape versus
many
In saying,however, that birds correct in
extend
me
point at a time.
Wright will,therefore,
forgivenessfor this change
colour and shape " would win," I meant, of course, against of opinion.
While
the more
I have little faith in Mr. Wright's remarks, that if bred
against Darks.
mere
size,I did not mean
"
time the
correct in shape,good colour, and well-feathered,"
they will
perfectbirds in Lights are small, if at the same
both correct in points,and have the advantage of
Darks
are
win, even if not large,and if the Light birds reallywere larger
as
I have a
a few years ago, they were
being large as well,the Darks not only will but ought to win.
easilybeaten as now.
That seems
to me justthe positionof the case at present. Leg
of the Journal of 18G8, in which I find forty
few earlynumbers
But
I
that
if
am
to
also
considered.
feather is
be
quite sure
were
won
competitions,and in which thirty-nine
by Dark birds.
of
such birds as the two first Birmingham cockerels be shown
This speaks well for the past.
II lbs. weight i.e.,combining the "points" of those two
Mr. Wright'sspecial
remarks upon the Southampton prizesto
Light birds with the size of the Darks, they will win their my mind are a greatargument in my favour ; he states that
share of cups at any show where Messrs. Hewitt or Teebay are
and
these specialcups do real barm, and bring small results,
the case, and I have
I
the judges. It cannot be said such is now
that the birds do not surpass, or rarelyequal the Darks.
which
is
attained
at
breeders
to believe that all Light Brahma
ham
Birminghave
constantly
only given a weight
every reason
"
asked
the
cockerels.
I
without
Dark
forward
of
of
as
speak
having
look
sort
to
a
by
Southampton
arms,"
passage
and devote all their energiesto the productionof a good pen or
opinionsof the gentlemen I have named, but I have done what
an
analysisof their judgments at two for the trial. It is one of the stimulants of the year, and
is,perhaps, bettor made
for three years, in order to form a
several of the best shows
although it has been admitted for the past few years that the
correct scale of Brahma
have been the best classes in the show, the
points,"and I am convinced their Light Brahmas
whenever
the
birds
will
to
bear
me
out
to Dark
give winning birds have, nevertheless,succumbed
theyget
mens
specijudgments
them
a chance.
when
in open competitionat largerexhibitions.
There's the rub.
Small size in a largebreed,of course, is
ing
Breedshall all thank Mr. Wright for his partingadvice.
We
from cocks whose hocks have been cut off resuscitates the
heavy odds against a bird, and is alone enough to justify
Darks
ing
idea of producing black-crested Polands, for it is as feasible to
winning, which are both largeand good. But regardthe
hen
from
which
the porthe weights I stated,
breed them from a White Poland with a black nightcaptied over
trait
very
"Outis"
refers to, weighed close
affect the hock of the
is taken in the work
his crest as to suppose that the scissors can
when
the
same
troversy
conand
12
lbs.
not
so
I have tried the experiment,and the result
long
back,
Brahma
chicken.
on
very
;
carried on in this Journal, was
was
of Lights and Darks
so
encouraging that I would not advise its repetition.

shape

and

far too narrow

remember
can
the
he showed
which) in the

"

"

"

"

"

"

'

"

if there were
any difference
certain tht y
Lights could be bred the largest! I am
and
I
be bred at least as large,
repeat my caution, that
can
shows
than
more
sent
to
belief
in my
own
early
they are
the best Dark birds are, and that this has something to do with
birds were, they were
the American
it. Whatever
largerthan
son
nearly all the rest of the class at Birmingham, but Mr. SimpMr.
the

Crook

himself stated that

as
was
himself told me
proved
they were only third-rate,
by their price of, I think,six guineas. I have myself seen an
and
birds
be
cock
of
lbs
can
Brahma
13J
good
English Light
,
If I ever
bred largeas well as bad.
get a chance to try I will
guarantee to breed 11 lbs. cockerels by the third year. Longthe stuff to work upon
backed hens, as I said in my last,
are
When
size
to obtain size with very short deep-bodiedcocks.

is obtained

then

we

adhere to proper

shape,of

course

; but it

James

Lono.

AMALGAMATION

OF

SOCIETIES.

COLUMBARIAN

ing
advancing the interest shown in keepan
amalgamation of all columbarian
Pigeons,if there were
exhibition
societies for the purpose of holding a grand annual
Tbe secretary of each societyshould see that
of young birds.
Place of
the
members.
shown
birds are
but young
by
none
I

it would

BELIEVE

exhibition

be

should be balloted for in rotation.

"

Coldhbabiak.

List.
We are requested
by the Secretaryto
hen class has through an oversightbeen
which should
of
or
hens,"
the
best
pullets
pair
printed
" For
the best single
have been, and is intended to stand as
Bristol

state that
"

Pbize

the
For

Malay

"

November

puUet

23, 1871. ]

hen."

or

Exhibitors

bird only to each pen

Game hen classes.
one

OF

JOURNAL

are

HORTIODLTDEB

therefore

of that

requested to send
for the
as
class,the same

AND

two

COTTAGE

pens,

GAEDENER.

without

405

affectingthose
materially

who

can

enter

largenumber.

Of course
it rests with the managers
of each show to fix any
entrance fee they like,only they must
bear in mind that if too
largeit prevents competition; but whatever they fix let it be a
BIRMINGHAM
CATTLE
SHOW.
AND
POULTRY
charge per pen, thus making all alike,and not the antiquated
The
entries in all departments for this,the twenty-third
mode
of beginning by a subscription. Of course
I am
aware
annual Exhibition,are highly satisfactory,
increase
an
sliowing
that a large number
of tickets are
given for the subscription,
throughout, and necessitatingthe erection of an additional
but these are of no value to the majority
of exhibitors. Ohakles
the various
gallery,
upwards of 200 feet in length,to accommodate
SiDQWICK.
exhibits.
What
will many
of our
country friends think of
the poultrydepartment with its 2630 entries,
individual
soma
WRONG
FOWLS
RETURNED.
classes containingmore
pens than are to be found in the whola
"
"
of many
Would
and
loosl
ahows
or
?
county
you be surprised to hear that some
person
within a radius of seventy miles of London
are good
Amongst other improvements in the arrangements and regulations persons
alone are
note the election of life members, who
we
judgesof Dorking pullets? I am not. I will explain. I sent
entitled to free admission
and a cockerel,
on
Saturday, the day of judgina, two Silver-GreyDorking pullets(my very best)
the former in an open edge, the latter in a covered hamper, to
when the charge to the general publicis 10s. Between 9000
and 10,000 tickets of admission
the Exhibition
ber
Novemhave been sold.
of poultry at the Crystal Palace on
The
13th.
With pardonable vanity I looked anxiouslyfor my
prize poultry will be, as usual,sold by auction on the
the
the
but
as
of
Show
and
and
lists
of
those
it
name
Monday
Wednesday
highlycommended,
among
Thursdayevenings,
;
after five o'clock,
devoted to the working classes,
not there I concluded
that there must
have been better
the charge was
are
of admission being reduced to sixpence
birds than mine there.
and looked forward
So I was resigned,
each.
their
with pleasure to welcome
my
poor pulletsback from
"

journeyand confinement ; but fancy my horror on

being told, "If jou please,ma'am, they'vesent bp.ck other birds
The
to yours," and on inspectionthis proved to be the case.
cockerel in a covered hamper was
all right,but my
beautiful
marked
pullets,
rearing this spring,and as perfectly
my own
been replacedby two large
as, I imagined, birds could be, had
hens, certainlya year old,one
double-combed, and as red as
the wings, and white in large patches ; the
possibleall over
other single-combed,and very defective as to colour,besides
having had her wings clippedin placeswhere white must have
made
is impossible
existed.
When
where this transfer was
or
but it is,to say the least,not encouraging
for me to discover,
and
breeder to lose good birds fitfor exhibition,
to an amateur
I may mention
to get in exchange hens only fitfor the table.
them
for
I put a fancy priceof "20 on
to
keep
them, meaning
breeding,knowing it would be very difficult to replacethem.
for this in
I shall feel obliged if you could kindly find room
of your correspondents
your Journal,as I think perhaps some
I
safe way of sending birds to shows.
might suggest some
the only person who has been victimised,
don't suppose
I am
tedious

SHOW.
BRISTOL
POULTRY
correspondent," E. S. T.," page 347, is evidentlyone
who
look upon
poultry shows merely as places to
which they can
send their birds with the hope of making a
profit. Although I admit that it is pleasant to win prizes
with
enough to pay the expenses connected
showing, and
better stillif there is a profit,
yet this should not be the only
consideration. The Bristol Poultry Societywas established by
from a pure love of poultry,with the hopes of
a few amateurs
the number
of those who
increasing
keep and rear pure birds,
and also to improve the general breed of poultryin the west
and south of England. Five shows
have now
been held,and
Tour
of those

at most

of these

the

committee

incurred

have

considerable

have not the slightest

intention of
losses. As the committee
it seems
hard that they
making a profitout of the exhibition,
should be expectedto bear any losses,and they think that they
should be supported by those most interested namely, the
"

exhibitors.

Acting upon the advice of several friends who take an active

interest in the Show, we have this year determined
that everybut it is a great loss to me, as my stock is very small, and I
one
who wishes to compete for the prizes should subscribe "1
have no birds to equal those stolen. G. S. Pasley, Moorhill,
to ,the funds of the Society,that the entrance fee should be
Fareham, Hants.
reduced to 6s.,and we
feel sure
that we shall be supported by
hear of a
We
[You are not solitaryin your misfortune.
all true amateurs.
Our placeof exhibition is the best in England, similar exchange at the Southampton Show.
Where
is the
list
will
the
of
our
best
prize
to advantage with
compare
exchange effected ? Eds.]
other prizelists,
and we endeavour, to the best of our
ability,
to provide for the well-beingand safetyof the valuable specimens
committed
to our care.
I would add, that should there
SHOW.
CRYSTAL
PALACE
POULTRY
be any surplus after providing for all expenses, it will be applied
This
Show
to a very successful termination ou Fridaylast
came
E. Cambkidqb.
to increase the prizelistnext year.
the time was
The bealtliof the birds durino;
uncommonly good; there
was
onlyone death amongst the whole number in the Palace ; this was
A FEW
nights since I had a leisure hour, and I thought I a Brown Red Game cock,which arrived ill,and the Committee did all
would
avail myself of the opportunity of looking over
the theycould for the bird,hut it provedof no avail. A Dark Brahma
the onlydeaths we
hen arrived dead in the basket. These two were
the
schedule of the Bristol
I looked
"

"

"

over
Poultry Show.
First,
and pronounced them
prizesoffered for the difiereut varieties,

heard

of.

but
and there were
The judging
the whole very satisfactory,
was
on
to be as usual very liberal. I then ticked three or four classes
seen
few complaints. The excellent light
in which every bird was
by
in which I thought it likelyI should be able to exhibit.
After
the Judgesno doubt enabled them
to ^ive a correct judgment of the
this part of the business I turned to the rule?,but the
settling
much pressedfor time.
of the Judges were
birds' merits,although some
first dozen words were
for me
too much
6s.
in the Sellingclass.
In
The sales were
; 20s. subscription,
unusually large,
especially
entrance fee for each pen of poultryexhibited" I was
All the prizebirds
obliged this nearlyevery bird of any merit changedowners.
than
of
them
more
double
to put on my considering-cap.
numbers
I thought.What
does this 20s. were
realising
put up to auction,
Brahma
cockerel sold for more
I could only make
their original
a
?
of it at last,that the
prices; in one case
subscriptionmean
the competition.
Committee
wish to shut out all the small exhibitors by imposing than five times the catalogue price,so keen was
Dark Brahma
Mrs.
birds
Arkwiight's
sold for very highprices
;
the 20s. subscription. I am
Many
only expressing my own
Eed cockerel
Brown
Mr.
claimed
for
30
w
ere
Burgess's
guineas,
feelingson the subject; what the feelingsof my fellow (small) pullets
for "20, Mr. Clark's Coloured Dorking pulletfor "10, Mr. F. L.
exhibitors are I know
Had
the Committee
not.
adopted the Turner's Dark Brahma
Hales' Light
cockerel for "10 10s., Miss
Birmingham system and charged 3s. per pen, I should not
for "12, and Mr. Beldon's Golden-pencUled
Brahma
Hamburgh
pullets
have been so much
surprised. However, it is not my vocation
"590 lis. ;
of sales for poultry was
The
total amount
for "10 10s.
to dictate to the Committee, so I will be content to be this year
13s.
in
of
the largest,
"104
"694
one
for
all,
and
2s.,making
Pigeons,
_

"

A NON-EXHIBITOE.

sales ever made at any show.

the cup for the best pair
We omitted to mention that Miss Frew won
of Wheaten
hens, Mr. Fulton the cup for Blue Carrier hens, Black
Carrier cock,and the best collectionof four pairsof Pigeons,exclusive
the cup for Red or Yellow
of Carriers and Pouters ; Mr. Graham

others,as appears by letters alreadypublished,

surprisedat the alteration in the Bristol entry
fees : by which, instead of a uniform
charge of 7s. 6d. per pen
Dragoons,and Mr. Dunn for White Dragoons. The Any varietycup
the terms
(a sum quitelargeenough for the premiums offered),
went to Mr. Waddington.
"1
and
6s.
are
thus
now
entrance
subscription,
fee,
cally
practiThe Show
closed at 4 p.m.
was
on
Friday,and the packingof the
and despatched
excluding all^smallexhibitors who can onlyraise one or
as quickly
as possible
birds was commenced immediately,
I, LIKE

am

many
very much

JOURNAL

406

OF

HORTICULTURE

until 11 P.M., when the railways

birds that
refnseclto take any more
rest were
sent off earlyon Saturdaymorning,so that all
had leftthe Palace before 9 a.m. except sis
of
ponltry.
pens

night. The

JOHNSTONE

POULTRY

SHOW.

AND

no

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

[ November

23, 1871.

prize ia offered for White Dorkings, and all the Polands are
class ! No judge can
the prize satisfactorily
in
award
a jamble of Golden, Silver,
and Black varieties.

in one
such

HATFIELD

pONCASTEK)

ORNITHOLOGICAL

The fourth Annnal

Show
of ponltry
and Pigeonstook placein the
SOCIETY'S
SHOW.
New
Pnblid HaU, Johnstone,on the 11th inst. There were
upwards
The
members
of this Societyheld their third Exhibition on
the
of 650 birds exhibited,
of them
The
many
very superiorspecimens.
16th and 17th inst.,in the district of Hatfield Chase, and it proved
attendance
of visitorswas
in the afternoon,
more
very large,
especially
The
Show
of birds,fowls,eggs,
was
a combination
quitea success.
when
there was
to move
room
about. In addition to the
scarcely
and butter, and horticultural produce. The quietand retired town of
there were
of extra prizes,
of timepieces,
a number
prizes,
money
consisting
is situated near
the Manchester, Sheffield,
and Lincolnshire
Hatfield
"c.
The Committee
in
their
exertions to
were
indefatigable
six or seven
miles from Doncaster,and the trains of
line of railway,
their duties,
and the Show
discharge
indebted for its success
was
greatly
the company
of visitors to the place.
a considerable number
conveyed
to the Secretaries,
Messrs. Wylie and Nelson.
The show of Canaries
and other cage birds was
held in the schoolroom,
Spanish.
1, Miss Rae, Garngad HiH, Glasffow.
2, W. Barr, Avon Braes,
fitted up in proximity
and a marquee
to it for the poultry.
was
Hamilton.
3, A. Glendinning,Strathblane.
: A,
A. Eobertson, Kilmarnock
lie,
Glendmning. c, A. Eobertson.
The entries were
both in number
and quality.
Great
exceedingly
good,
Dorkings."
1 and 2, 2, H. Heys, Barrhead.
3, J. Malcolm, Longton, Falkirk.
for their exertions, and also to Mr. W.
praiseis due to the Committee
he. D. Gallatly.
Meisle.
the
the
for
excellent
manner
Game."
BZacfc or Brown
Travis,
K.'f?." 1 and Timepiece. J". Harlev, Edinbnrcrh. 2, G.
painstaking
Honorary Secretary,
"

Williamson. Johnstone.
Barrhead,
S, .T. Cochrane, Grahamston.
in which
all the arrrangements were
conducted.
The
he, E. Woodfollowingare
burn, Ulverston ; R. Blair,Johnstone.
Any other Colour." 1 and 2, D. Harley,
the awards :
Edinburgh. 3, W. Nelson. Johnstone,
head;
he, A. M'Farlane, Grahamston, BarrJ. M'Indoe. Barrhead.
G.^ME "Any
and Extra
Variety." Cocl:"l
2, J. Hcpworth.
2, R. BentleyB.A:iiJiXjRG3."i."
S. " E. Ashton. Mottram.
Gohle7i-spangl"d."l,
hc. Yates " Lambert,
e, G. Hinchclifife.
Any Pure Breed except Game."
I, W.
2, A. Eobertr
Kilmarnock.
son,
S, J. Lockie, Paislev.
Wilhamson.
he, J. Lockie, Paisley; R. Tvson,
2, J. Mowbray,
e, A. Fosbrooke.
Farmyard Cross.-l and 2, H.
Longtown
: E.
Robinson.
Silver-spanqled.
\. Timepiece, and
he, J. Baddiley.
c, E. Miickie, Hepworth.
Stewaiton.
2. Ashton
Clariihil],
" Booth, Broadbottom,
3.
J.
Motbam.
J. Bruce,
Bantams.
W.
Constable.
2.
Mowbray,
he. Master
1, J. Hepworth.
Harelaw, Barrhead.
Cocfc." 1, J. Mowbrav.
Extra
1. D. Gibb, Motherwell.
2. S. " R.
Golden-pencilled."
1, R. Bentley. 2 and he, J. Hepworth. Sens.
Ashton.
3, W. Nelson,
he. Dr. Dunlop. Clackmannan,
Govan.
1, A. FoBbrooke.
2,J. Hepworth. he, R. Bentley.
c, R. M'Nai.b.
and 3, Miss
Silver-penciiled."l
S. S. Lindsay, Glenfleld.
Ducks."
2, R. T. Gemmel),
1,R. Parkin.
he, H. Hepworth.
2, R. Bentley.
c, T. Cooper.
"

"

"

"

Glasgow.

CANARIES.
Pootrab
or
Cochin-Chinas.
marnock.
1, D. Gallatly. 2, G. WiUison. KilBelgian.Cfcar or Tieked
2. L. Belk,
Yelloiv."l, R. Rawnsley. Bradford.
3, A. Robertson. Kilmarnock.
Dewabury.
he. J. N. Harrison, Belper. Clear or Ticked Buff." 1,J. N. Harrison.
Grets.
2 and
1, J Fulton, Beith.
Timepiece, R. Smith, Holms,
T.
Leeds.
Fawcitt, Baildon,
2,
3, R. Blair,Thorn, Johnstone,
ho, A. Dunlop.
Cifor
Norwich."
Yelloiv."l, J. Mortimer.
2, G. " J. Mackley, Norwich,
Bantams."
1, R. J. Gemmell.
Glaetrow.
3. G.
2, J. M'Kay, Paislev.
borough.
Scar" Wvnne.
he, Moore
Nurtharapton
(2); G. " J. Mackley.
c. J. Dawes,
Dobson, Longtown. he, J. W. Brookbank, Kirksanton.
c, D, Johnston, iun.,
ampton
Clear Buff."l and 2, G. " J. Mackley.
he,Barwell " Golby, NorthDairy.
" Wynne,
" Wynne.
Moore
c, Moore
;
Bantams."
1 and 3, A. Robertson.
2, A. Grant, Kilbarchan.
he,J. Sharp.
"
Wynne.
IsoRvricH."
Evenly-marked YellmtK"1, Barwell " Golby. 2, Moore
C, A. Mitchell, jun..Paisley.
he, C. Greenwood.
Evenly-marked
Buff."l, G. Medd, Scarborough. 2, Moore
Polands."
1,T. S, Carven.Langthrope,Boronghbridge. 2,8,and he, A, Wylie
" Golby.
and Wynne,
he, G. " J. Mackley.
c, Barwell
Johnstone,
c, J. Laird, Jobnstone.
Yellow
or
J. Mortimer.
rictfd
ojNorwich."
Buff.
l,
Unevenly-marked
Ant
other
Variety
"1
and
Barrhead.
he, R. Mason.
2, Miss
Springfield,
and
2, G. Gayion, Northampton,
e, Moore
he, G. " J. Mackley; G. Medd.
Castle.
Galbraith,Johnstone
c. J. Fulton.
S, W. A. Orr, Kilbirnie,
Wvnne
; J. Mortimer.
DvcEs."Aphfibury.-l, Timepiece, and e, J. Mciklem, Thinacre Mill. 2, Z. H.
Yorkshire."
C^far Yellow." 2, P. Rawnsley.
Ufarked."l.
P. Rawnsley. 2,J.
Heys. 8, A. Robertson,
W.
G.
he,
Kerr, Glencart, Dairy. Any other Varietn.
J. S. Clarke, Hatfield.
Extra
he, H
2, Stephens " Leek, Middlesbrough,
L J.Meiklem.
A. Robertson
2, J. Sharp. 3, S. " R. Athton
(Carolina), ftc,
Middlcsbrongh.
Hawman,
(Ronen). c, G. Craig, Johnstone
(Rouen).
C/irar Jonque.
" Golby.
Cinnamon."
2, R. E. TnffiH, York.
l, Barwell
Selling
Cl*ss
(Pen not to exceed
30s.)."1, J. Gow. Kilbarchan.
2. A.
and
Clear Buff."l, Barwell
he, Sloore " Wynne,
e, E. Stansfipld. Bradford.
Robertson
3 and
(Hamburchs).
(Game),
ftc,W. A.
c, D. Hurlev, Edinburah
Golbv.
" Wvnne.
e, E. Stansfield.
2, Moore
Orr.
(Pen not to exceed
barchan.
1.'..?.)."
1, E. Robertson, Airdrie.
2, J. Borland, KilJ. Taylor, Middlesbrough. 2, J. N. Harrison.
IjiikHTi.-Golden-spdnglcd."l,
Kilbirnie
3. B. M. Knox.
(Creve-Cceur). he, J. Aitken, Johnstone
J. "J. Harrison.
M. Holroyd.
Silver-spa7igled."l,
2,
(Game) ; J. Jamieaon, Beith ; J. Smith, Johnstone,
e, W. M'Millan, Bothwell
vhe. G. and
or
Crested
Titrncrown.1. Stephens " Leek.
2, J. Mortimer,
(Cochin- Chinas).
L. Belk;
M. King, Scarborough,
P. Rawnsley;
J. Mnckley
(2). /ic,
c, Barwell
Ant
YkmvTY.
"Single Coek."I, D, Hurley, Edinbur^rh (Game). 2, A. Grantand Golby.
J.
Gow
3,
(Bantams).
4, W. Barr. Hamilton
(Spanish), be, P. Barr, Kilbar.
Variety.
other
Ant
2, P. Rawnsley,
1, L. Belk (Marked Cinnamon).
Chan
A. Wylie, Johnstone
{Hamburchs):
(Poland). Pair o/ Herts.
1, D.
Moore
"
Wynne.
e,
Gallatly (Dorking).- 2. J. Sharp, Johnstone.
3, D. Hurley,
he, J. Borland,
Goldfinch
Mvle.." Light." 1, L. Belk.
he, Stephens and
2, P. Rawnsley.
Kilbarchan.
Kilmarnock.
c, G. Willison,
Dark
Leek,
c, W. Chesney, Reedneas.
"1, E. Stansfield. 2, Stephens " Leek..
PIGEONS.
" Wynne,
Moore
I'/ic,
ftc,J. Taylor; T. Fosferooke.
PouTEHS"
BZue.
1 and 2, J. N. Harrison,
1. 2, and Timepiece, J. Miller,Glasgow.
Goldfinch,"
3, J. Mitchell,
he,J. J. S. Clarke, e, Stephens and
and
Glasgow. Blarh and Ecd.~\
3. J. Miller.
2, J. Mitchell.
Any other
Leek; T. Fawcitt; J. Taylor.
Colour "1. J. Sharp. 2. J. Mitchell.
2. A. Fosbronke, Hatfield,
3, J. Miller, Glasgow,
Linnet."
rhc, Miss Machin^
1. J. N. Harrison.
Carriers.1 and
he. C. " T. Purdy.
3, J. Dunlop, Glascow.
2, G. White, Ladyburn, Paisley.
Hatfield ; E. Holga' e, Hatfield ; J. N. Harrison,
he. J. Miller, c, H. Yardley.
British
Green
Bird
(Any varietyj.1, Miss B, Morris, Bearswood
(Thrueh)*
Tdmblebs."
1, D. M'Naught, KOmanrs.
2, J. Sharp. 8, J. D. S. Crawford,
Finch); H. West^
(Bramble
2, R. E. Tmffitt (Bullfinch), he, T. Fosbrooke
Kilbarchan.
he and
Barr.
c, W.
Short-faced." 1 and Timepiece, J. Miller.
Darlington (Bullfinch), c,
Poskit, Hatfield (Chaffinch).
J.
Dunlop.
S. J. Paton, Rigg, Stewarton.
2,
Foreign
Bird
(Cardinat
(Any variety).1, 2, and he, J. M. Kirk, Doncaster
Bares."
1, J. Miller. 2 and 3, J. Dunlop.
and Weaver
he, G. White,
Bird).
c, H. Paterson,
Combnslang.
CLASSES.
LOCAL
Fantails.
1, W. Reid, Loohwinnoch.
2, J. Gait, Kilbirnie. 3, J. Paton.
Canary
"BuiT or Yellow.
1, R. Harrop. Hatfield. 2, B. Hanson, Thoroe.
he, E. Blair,Thorn, Johnstone,
c, J. Sharp.
Marked
or
2, E.
he, A. Fosbrooke
; J. J. S. Clarke.
Mule,"1, A, Fosbrooke.
Jacobins.E.
1, J. Sharp.
W. Reid.
2, J. Dnnlop. 8, J. Miller,
he, J. J. S. Clarke; J. Richardaon, Hatfield, c. Master
ftc,
c, Misa
Catts, Thome,
J. M. Frew, Sinclairtown,
Kirkcaldy.
Shaw, Parks, Hatfield ; G. Stonea.
Common."
1, J. G, Orr, Beith.
2, W. G. Kerr,Glencart,D airy. S, G. Sneddon,
GoLBFiNCH.
1, G. Battle, Hatfield.
2, J. Richardson.
Beith. he and e, J. Wilson. Beith.
Yates
Linnet."
1 and 2, E. Cntta.
Master
T.
Woodhouse.
he.
H. Woodall,
c,
Ant
other
1 and
Variett."
Timepiece, G. White
lop
A. Poskit, Hatfield.
and Lambert
(Trumpeters). 2, J, Dun; Miss
{Turbitst. 8, H. Yardley. he, J. Dunlop (Owls); J. Sharp.
F. Sales,Crowle.
Judges.
Birds: Mr. G. J.
: Mr.
Selling
Class
(Not to exceed 30.t. per pen)." 1, J. Sharp.
2, E. Robinson
Pouters). 3 and he. G. White,
e. J. Gait, Kilbirnie.
(Pen not to exceed 158.)." Barnesby,
1. J. Aitken, Johnstone
(Fantails). 2. Mrs. R. Frew.
3, E. Robertson, Craiffelven (Pouters), he, W. Wilson, Johnston,
c, J. Sharp.
Brahma

"

Scotch
Howood.
Game

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

Judges.
and Mr. Alexander
Poultry: Mr. John M'lnnee, Paisley,
Paterson, Airdrie. Pigeons: Mr. James
Huie, Glasgow, and Mr.
Matthew Stewart,Glasgow.
"

Poultry
Derby.

PIGEONS

AT

Ca^e

THE

PALACE

CRYSTAL

SHOW.

{From a Correspondent.)
The
Show of Pigeonsat the CrystalPalace was
parison
beyond all comthe
the most
superb ever broughttogether
; in numbers
in
the
varieties
in
most
attaining
largest,
representative, quality
The
friends of Mr. Harrison
Presentation.
Weir
will be
nearest to perfect
standards, and with a remarkable
immunity from
pany
pleased to hear that the Directors of the CrystalPalace Comcommonplace specimeng. The list of exhibitors would be warrant
have presented him with a handsome
silver tankard,in
sufficientfor such a summary
where nearlyevery exhibitor of marfe
recognitionof his suggestionof a Cat Show, and also for his appeared,
only to re-appear in the schedule of awards in company
Bervices.
We
induced
to mention
are
this,as he is bo well with several less tnown but rising
competitors.
The judgment,however, is alwaysmatter of comment, and without
known
to onr readers as having endeavoured
to uphold poultry
of a delicate and onerous
office,we would
overlookingthe difficulties
and Pigeon shows
by his pen, pencil,and as a judge and
criticisms by way of exception
of the awards,
venture
a few
to some
exhibitor from
their commencement
at
Birmingham, and
Ridmeantime
the Judges Messrs. Peicivall,
most
heartily
crediting
the poultry shows
held at the Zoological Society'sGarden,
with the utmost painstaking
resultahke
and Corker
and a general
Regent'sPark, up to the present time ; and we might add that peth,
creditable to themselves and satisfactory
to the exhibitors. The
sence
preit is partlyowing to his graphic delineations at the commencement
tion
of the publicduringthe judgmentis unquestionably
a distrac"

"

"

of the movement

that its

success

is due.

; so

the

Scottish Metropolitan
Poultry
This is to be
Show.
held in ChrietmaB
There are three liberal prizesio each
week.
class besides twenty-two silver
The only blots are that
cups.
"

demands
that the labours of
more
be advanced in early
morningbefore visitors become
of light
while the daylight
is at itsbest. Insufficiency

greata show, therefore,the

Judgesshould

and
numerous,
be the onlyexcuse
for the awards in the Yellow Dragoon class,the
can
prizebirds in every case beingsurpassed
by unnoticed specimens of far

richer colotir.

of
Superiority

colour

must

always determine

the

Kovember

23,1871.]

OF

JOUBNAL

awards in tliisclass whenever

in this

as

"

case

"

HOBTICULTUEE

there is

AND

anythinglike

and carriagebetween rivalpens.

Mr. Betty,
the
cup-winner of last year, may therefore stillcongratulatehimself on the
of the best birds,notwithstanding
that theydo not figure
in
possession
in structure
uniformity

it be the food
time.
This was

GARDENEE.

they ate
coarse

? for

brown

407

they were
sugar

not
boiled

snowed up
to

syrup.

at any
And

fed my bees on anything else,and they have

yet I have never
always done well,as did the others fed equallyupon the same
food.
It must
be said,however, that these had no other food
cidedly
debut this sugar, while my other hives had some
honey stored up,
in

prizelist.

the

COTTAGE

bnt we incline
judgmentwas another vexed question,
opinionswhich would have placed CaptainHeaton
however
small the quantity.All the other hives did well save
merited not only by intrinsic e.^cellence,
the higher
bnt also
position,
I think had no
After parting with some,
condition of his birds. SuiEcient stress is too seldom
one, which
queen.
by the superior
sound
condition as an essential of competition,
Of these, it is true,
laid npon
and it is I reserved eight for my summer
stock.
the typical
to notice in the old classes how rapidly
pitiable
cup-winner several were
exceedinglypoor in bees and honey when March
into
his
usual
a
nd
withstanding
notcrouching,
attitude,
degraded, spiritless
lapses
came
covered,
; but by dint of careful spring feeding they speedilyreall the eye-dressing,
and
plumage-washing,
makingall but the one
of the poorest,
spoken of ; and some
for the occasion.
Just as round
to which he has been subjected
Qp
which I thought could hardlysurvive,have done as well as any
of the
P.K.
are
after round the battered heroes
brought up of the others.
*'
smiling" throughthe delicate attentions of their seconders,so do
March
and tranquilin
was
a very promising month, so warm
after
these jadedbirds appear at show
show with enough of apparent
at this time of year. Aprilwas much
forced upon them to stand a transient ordeal with the Judges comparison to other seasons
vitality
the
I imagine that a fair quantityof honey was
same.
but a few)such specimensapgathered
for the time being. A few (fortunately
peared
at the Palace.
by the bees,although I certainlydid not observe any addition
That any inconsistenciesshould have occurred in the judgment of
to their stores, as has been the case
in some
within
years
my
to be regretted,
the Pouter departmentis the more
seeing how recent
experience. Still a good deal of comb was constructed in some
this division,
and made it a principal
feature
effortshave strengthened
hives. May was an active and pleasantmonth, but no great
refinement
of type and character very
of the Show.
In some
cases
quantityof honey was stored,owing to the singularabsence of
bulk turned
the
properlyruled the decisions,while in others mere
blossom in all our
orchards this year.
This usuallysupplier
scale ; and as a whole, perhaps, the birds of heavybuild seemed
the
with our
first grand honey season, often in large-enougb
us
If bnlkiness be elevated to a standard property,then
most favoured.
to
hives
well
the
our
followingwinter,
over
quantity
carry
will be degradedto the simpleprocess of producing
Pouter-breeding
besides givinga considerable surplus.
birds.
The Pouter proper, however, is a happy comboorish ungainly
bination
At the beginning of May my apiary stood as follows :
of artistictraits in the departments
and
of structure,
carriage,
plumage, in all of which eleganceand refinement should reignsupreme.
Had
the Judges followed out consistently
in all the classes their appreciation
and the refined,a different but more
of the symmetrical
distribution of some
of the awards
would
have
resulted.
satisfactory
Mr. Volckman, the Superintendent
of this division,withdrew
entirely
from competition
in the young classes,
the cup for young
presenting
The

Barb

to the

"

"

"

"

"

cocks.

He, however, showed

bird

the old classes,and gainedfor them

exhibitors. Had classes for young

Ladd
some

older

and

Mr.

of which

Heath

would

specimens.

have

their mark

made

The

two

or

of this season's

rearingin

considerable credit from Pouter

both Mrs.
"Whites been provided,

stood well with their excellent

with
notwithstanding
competition

birds,
much

Scotch division complained of the too early

of the later moult
in
consequent disadvantage

date of the Show and

the north.
of
None the less their birds were
represented
by owners
and met with deserved admiration
in many
well-known names,
cases.
strictures,
show
our
no
as
an
was
Despite
probably
entirety ever so
features of interest ; and we may
so many
evenlyjudged or presented
of this the third year, that
conclude,from the deserved success
fairly
the Great London
Poultry and Pigeon Exhibition may be numbered
amongst established institutions.

OUR
Pipe
Kineoss
akd
Exhieition.
There
three piizesin
aie
each of the claeses
not large,
bnt the entries are oorresponding
three shillings
for Pigeons,
per pen for poultry,half-a-crown
"

"

"

and
are

In addition to the prizesthere

one
shillingfor Canaries.
eighttwo-guineacups. We regret seeingthe mistake continued
of having only one
class for Dorkings.

Southampton
were

not

Show

changed

while

LETTER

BOX.

that
Exhibitor)." Ca.n you
prove
in the care
of the railway people ?

(An

the fowl

are
very like
(St..EdmuntZs)."Andalusians
Spanish, only they differ in colour.
They are an offdhoot from them.
They have much the same
properties. Feather-eating is peculiar to no
than others. There is no douht
to practiseit more
breed, but some
seem
of medicine
it arises from lack of something the fowls require in the way
or
but it is peculiar to tbem, and it is also very capricious. We
change
Three
have kept Spanish for years. They are in confinement.
years ago
ing,
they were all naked, and we could find nothing to stop the feather-eatAlthough stillin the same
although we tried everything we knew.
take
breeds sometimes
French
had it since. Tbe
place,we have never
the only culpritsin
to it,but in our experience,they and the Spanish are
this way.
It is difficult to explain, like human
beings who eat tripe,
onions, and such like,while others do not think them edible. Your space
to confinement.
Has it grass ? You
is a large one, and hardly amounts

Andalusians

not

Spanish

"

"B.

"

W.'s"

APIARY

IN

1871.

As the bee season

is now
fairlyover for the year, it is a good
time to take a review of its lessons.
None of your readers have
of them must have
yet given us their experience,
althoughsome
a
good deal to tell. By way of provocative,therefore,I will
make
a few notes of
my own.
The year began with very good promise, although some
of
hives
were
my
onlyhalf filled with comb, and therefore not

hive died in the previouswinter,

very rich in honey. Only one
and that was
found to have plenty of food both in open cells
and sealed comb.
It was a made-up hive, its occupants being
the combined
stock of two strong cottagehives that had been

ask our advice as to breed.

We
counsel either Cochins or Erahmas
; we
know no other that do so well or so profitablyas they do in a small space,
hate the idea of a fowl with its wing
and they are content with it. We
of it to
use
cut close,and if Spanish are allowed a libertythey will make
the detriment
of comfort, the complaining of neighbours, and the fiery
will
make
of
of
those who tend the garden. The house you speak
anger
proof,
a very
good fowl house, the main requirements are to be wind and wateris desirable,but not
and
to have
earthen floor. A window
an
"
let into ',
of glass
essential. At small expense
could have a pane
you
he will soon
and
the door. Send for your jobbing man,
prove to you it
"
"
in
work.
brickthe
window
to have a regular
would cost a
very littlemore

condemned
to the brimstone
pit. As is usual with bees saved
late in the year when put into an empty hive and fed up artificially,
Poultry
Yards
these bees made
but comparativelylittle comb
(J.E.).~We like the arrangements of your yard ; and
just
the numbers
you
80 feet,will well accommodate
enough for present purposes, preferringto extend the cells the runs, 100 feet by
the hens
when
We
are
especiallyas the runs
suppose
propose,
grass.
rather than waste food in the construction of unnecessary
comb.
to be put under rips in the
intend them
bring out their chickens
you
In this respectthere is a marked
the purpose well while they are small.
contrast between the summer
yards marked b. They will answer
high
and autumn
habits of bees.
In the earlypart of the year they Your fowls' houses are large enough, but they must be sufficiently
to walk
for a tall man
easily. They should not be less than 7 feet high
will filleverythingwith comb, utterlyreckless of the consumption
in the centre,and that will enable you to ventilate far above the birds as
of honey. This is no doubt accounted
than 2 feet from the
for in this way,
they sit at roost. Do not let your perches be more
that there will be no
so
draught from the door.
ground, and place them
that the exigencies
of breedingand the instinct of increase are
We
prefer 2 feet of brickwork between the runs ; it needs only to be 4-inch
time
than
instinct
the
of self-preservation.
strongerat that
better than
work.
It is more
the purpose
durable, and we think answers
Be this as it may, they did very well tillthe long and intense
will make
6 feet
Four
boards.
feet on the top of 2 feet of brickwork
high. This we believe will keep the half-bred Dorkings and Brahmaa
cold and snow
I suppose
of January came
they were
; then
but it will not either White Dorkings or Spanish. Either you must
in,
frozen to death, not having sufficient protectionamonp;
the
carry it up considerably higher, or you must have wire hurdles fastened
combs.
Bat there were
also symptoms of dysentery.C:)uld to the top of the others and leaning over inwards all round. We are
"

It should not
cannot give you an idea of the cost.
sorry we
we
always have biickwork
For
partitionsof roostiDg houses
franae
42 inchi-s high, and the rest wire netting stretched on a
roof to the plain pent you
roof. We preferthe common-shaped
with slates and Bridgewater tiles. We have found
and we cover

be
3

much
feet

to

or

fit the

propose,

the latter
houses a will do only for sittinghens ; they are
cbeap
has left,and
after the hen
they will not do for
useless for chickens
deserted
Chickens
by their mother are old enough and strong
cockerels.
Both
enough, unless ehe be a very bad mother, to forage for themselves.
have, as they
they and the young cockerels require all the food they can
meal
often
and
natural
by
prowling
the
they
get
make
to
growth,
have
As
a
rule, by the time you have cockerels
about is essential to them.
or
bave few sittinghens
themselves
a place to
you
old enough to want
cocks
the
have one
Let
space
b, the sittinghens
small chickens.
young
Your
plan shows
another, or two, and the orphan chickens the remainder.
own
architect;if,then, you have bricks,
you are capable of being your
ilme,and timber at hand, you may build them very cheaply.
The

durable.

and

in March
The
cock hatched
or
Stock
(E. H. ii.)."
He is
is fit to breed from any time in the followingyear.
for
exists
the
When
choosing, such a bird
opportunity
adult bird.
an
older
bird with pullets, it is
should be put to run with hens, and an
of the parents in Bucb
the ages
considered
advisable to reverse

Cockerel

April of

23, 1871.

some
apiarians. By the use of these you can make what
time relieved
and
be at the same
require artificially,
may
ety respecting the iasne of natural swarms.
To
Hives
Ants
(H. W. C.)
in
stop ants from getting into bee hives,
the pedestals. Another
from
time to time rouud
remedy
scatter guano
which has been found effectual is ammoniacal
liquidfrom the gasworks
It
sprinkled underneath, and api'liedwith a brush to the hive stances.
scent in
also to use
has been recommended
petroleum of the stront-'est
Bear
manner.
the same
Try these one after the other till you succeed.
if there be but a
in mind, however, that ants
are
very quick-witted,and
a
bu?h touching the hives,they will make
leaf or twig from
any tree or
distant
to get at their
of
circuit
and
think
a
pilgrimage
nothing
long

required by
swarms

you

from

all

anx

"

food.
Fish
Gold
{Godrfc8s)."Letthe water be clean from a pond,
a-week ; a layer of small
pebbles and sand at the bottom
meat
shredded fine.
vase
; feed with raw
favourite

changed

once

for

ol the

OBSERVATIONS.

meteorological:

year

one

[ November

GARDENER.

COTTAGE

AND

HOBTICXJLTUKE

OF

JOUENAL

408

Camden

Lat. 51*"32' 40" N.

Sqdare,
London.
; Long. 0" 8' 0" W.;

Altitude 111 feet.

always

birds. As to your
taking care on neither side to use worn-out
during the year she was
second question, a pulletis called by that name
her first New
Year's- day she is a hen acAs soon
as she has seen
hatched.
cordingto time computation; butinreality the January palletthat has laid
reared
in August, and
her
and
July, hatched them
her eggs in June
She is. nevertheless,
in October as she everwill be.
a ben
chickens, is as much
of maternity, competent to
after having enjoyed tne honours
charms
a
"chicken"
of 187" during the whole
as
exhibit her mature
Erabma
or
if a Cochin
pulletlaid at
It would not be remarkable
year.
she crossed with ?
six months, but
Spanish are not so early. What was
of the year change their feathers,but do not noult.
Chickens

manner,

to
other course
{L. R. R)." You have no
should hold a
County Court. No committee
to
under
pay
they are prepared,
any circumBtances,

Show
Potjltrt
Malvern
in the
than to sue

pursue

unless

show

poultry
the prizesthey offer.

{F. C. H.) "Have

Table
for
Chiceens
the Dorking cock.

Brahma

hens

to consort with
REMARKS.

to be able to afford
respecting the third-prizeAmerican
at Birmingham.
hens
purchased by John
Beach, Esq., of
They were
gether
in his possession. They weigh toStandeford, Brewood, and are now
with the
during the last summer
22|lb3. They have been mated
Wm. Thos. Stoker,
second-prize Birmingham cockerel belonging to me.
Brewood."
"I

Birmingham."
information
he seeks
Hens

American
'OoTis'the

at

am

happy

"

and
Constant Reader)." Dtb-w out
(J. Walton
wing, and by the time they have grown
well.
be
probably
quite
again your
Pigeons
Hermit
(W. Watson)." Itook to each schedule of a
German
other
is a prize for "Any
be
If
there
guide.
your
show, that must
Any new
variety;" but the former
variety enter your birds in that,or
is most likelyto be, and that will be, the place for your birds,
Show-Cage
(R- J. H.). The most useful cage for all ordinary
Canary
purposes, except showing ofl" position birds,is the ordinary wooden
affect different styles of cages, and anyone
show-cage. Diff-'rent exhibitors
almost
school"
at a glance,the
conversant with the matter can
name,
chapter might be
to which any particularclass of cage belongs. A whole
time
and
in the
show
and perhaps at the proper
written about
cages,
will appear,
'I'heyare for the most p-rt all constructed
proper place the chapter
the same
on
principle"top (slopingto reflect the light),bottom,
back, and sides of wooil, with wire front. I will just give the dimensions
knows
of Mr. Walter's, of Winchester, who
of one before me, an old one
exhibitor in England what is a tellingcage in which
about
as well as any
of a large cratefal which usually precedes
one
to show a bird. It formed
business
the very
at any show
he means
him by goods train when
; and
with
before me
his wit, his
look of its old familiar face brings him
humour, bis pathos, and his umbrella, as I last saw him caging-off and
It was
from
this cage that
making ready to do battle for one of our cups.
had
just received the finishingstroke to its toilet
a clear Jonque which
the dirtykettle. But the chapter of stories
escaped, and got in behind
On this occasion the dimensions
with the chapter on cages.
will appear
suffice. Material, common
of the cage must
deal, five-sixteenths of an
inch thick,and No. )6 wire.
Height of front,14 inches ; height of back,
10| inches ; length,18^ inches ; width, 6,Jinches. The top slopes from
The
front to back.
top cross-piecein the front into which the wires are
inserted is three-quartersof an 'nch deep, and the bottom piece 2 inches.
inch
from
centre
to centre,with a water-hole
at
The
wires are half an
into the cage bottom, which
is raised
to
Seed is thrown
either end.
within half an inch of the edge of the front croas-piece,
causing the cage
bottom
is not a
not to look so deep, and giving more
light. This second
The
necessity, but Walter's cages have it; it is a fixed false bottom.
the cage look well ; but
be 2 inches deep to make
bottom
front piece must
thinks
2 inches interior depth will swallow up too
Mr. Walter
I suppose
and off to
much
on
light. The back or the front can be made to screw
allow of colouring the inside with a mixture of whiting and size (milk or
blue
thin paste will do instead of size),with just enough of ultramarine
about
tint. Make
the mixture
the consistency
and rose pink to give it a warm
and
of cream,
lay it on smoothly. The wires can be tied by
of
either one
two cross
or
wires; if by one, let it be opposite the middle
of
the back, and on it the perch or perches must
rest, giving a fair view
the bird. A door at the side, with a secure
fastening,large enough to
admit
the hand, and a wire handle at the top, I think,complete the cage.

Wing
Pigeon's
the flight feathers

Disease
of the

diseased

will most

birds

"

"

15th.

wards
Very fine in early morning ; sharp hail shower at 11.30 a.m. ; afterfair,fine night.
16tb. Lovely morning
and fine day, rather damp at night.
in the night and sharp frost ; beautifullyfine day ;
17th. Hail and snow
and stars very bright at night.
moon
18th. A very fine day ; frostymorning and night,andnot visiblythawing
in the day.
19th." Very cold and rather foggyall day, but especiallyso at niRht.
20th." Strong white frost in morning; fine day, and warmer
towards
the
evening.
21st." Fine, bright,and frostyall day. Lunar
halo from 6.30 p.m. to 8 p.m.
w"ek
for November,
Another
of unusually cold weather
Sunday the
for many
19th being one of the coldest days in November
years past.
"

"

"

"

"

G. J. Stmons.

"

"

"

Paint

The

either
the wires black and the front of the cage
black or green.
rest may
remain unpainted, for it is never
seen.
W. A. Blakston.

MARKET."

November

22.

from last week, and have nothing mawithout improvement

terial
Some
report as conveying any fresh information.
heavy cargoeR
at the aufitions during the last
of foreign produce have changed hands
few days.
We

are

to

FRUIT.
s. d.

Jsieve

Apples

2
0

B. d

Mulberries

Otol

quart
^100
each

Lemons
Melons

^100

Oranges

Cherries
Chestnuts

Gooseberries

lb.
doz.

Nectarines

doz.
lb. 0
bushel
10
sieve
0
Currants
i
do.
0
Black
0
doz.
Fig3
lb. 0
FilbertH
lb. 0
Cobs
Hothouse....
lb.
2
Grapes,

Apricots

Peaches

Pears, kitchen
dessert
Pine Apples
Plums

Raspberries
-Strawberries

Quinces

8
2

Walnuts
ditto

doz.
doz.
doz.
lb.
J sieve
lb.
lb.
doz.
bHsbel
10

If^lOO

VEGETABLES.

Artichokes
Asparagus
Beans, Kidney
Broad

Beet, Red
Broccoli
Bi-uasels

doz.

0
^'^lOO.

4 too
0
0

0
0

i sieve

bushel
d02.
bundle
Sprouts..J sieve

6
G
0

doz.

Cabbage
Capsicums

""100
bunch

Carrots

Cauliflower
Celery
Colpworts..
Cucumbers

doz.

bundle
doz. bunches
each

1
0

0
6

doz.

doz.

2
0

0
S

pickling
Endive
Fennel
Garlic
Herbs

Horseradish

bunch
lb.
bunch

bundle

Leeks
Lettuce
Mushrooms
Mustard
" Creas.
Onions

bunch
doz.

pottle
.punnet
bushel

pickling
Parsley
Parsnips

quart

Peas
Potatoes

quart

sieve
doz.

bushel
do.
Kidoey
doz. bunches
Kadishes..
Rhubarb
bundle
doz.
Savoys
Sea-Kale
basket
Shallots
lb.
bushel
Spinach
Tomatoes
doz.
bunch
Turnips
Vegetable Marrows. .doz.

"

Bees
at

GARDEN

COVENT

"

London

near

Hampstead,

food daring

and

and

{H. L.)."We
with

after poor

proper

be kept
have no doubt that bees may
in supplying them
with artificial

care

occasionallyyield
think they would
supply of honey. We cannot
say that we
prove
of very great
very
remunerative, but sufficientlyso to become a source
The
noted
Wildman
pleasure.
kept bees at the top of his hous" in Holnow
have apiaries in the outskirts of the great
bom, and many
persons
city. There is no hive invented
that will certainlyprevent swiirming,
but a good frame hive approaches nearest to the desideratum
much
so
seasons,

they may

able
toler-

POULTRY
We
have still an averaRo
and Pheasants
very plentiful,

MARKET."

trade, and
are

more

November
a

so.

22.

good supply.

Grouse

remain

JOURNAL

410

OF

HOETIOULTUEE

AND

tliiaof the

grubs upon the shoots,but not a livingone to be

they appeared a second time, and
Again, in a fortnight,
It was
evident that
manner.
again in the same
disappeared
bird preyed upon
Bome
them, sucked their juices,and left the
I watched carefullyto see to what bird I
bull upon the bush.
indebted for riddingme
of this pest, and after some
obserwas
conclusion
that the much-maligned
to the
vution I came
friend.
When
the grubs were
about there were
cnekoowas
my
i.lwaystwoor three cuckoos in the plantation. I think,too,
timt the chaffinch and the whitethroat
also assisted,
and peril

But

COTTAGE
the Black

GARDENEE.
Carrant

is my

[ November

favourite fruit
"

not

30, 1871.

trinsic
for its in-

for anything more

excellence,
nasty I cannot imagine ;
but because,first,
no
grub that I know will prey upon its leaves ;
and second,no
bird will touch it as long as any other possible
kind of food is to be had.
Thirdly,it always bears freely; and
it
is
fourthly,
always in greatdemand.
Here are four undeniable
and if you add to thia
excellencies,
that it is easilypropagated and will produce as large a profit
it to the
per square yard as any fruit I know, I recommend
notice of all fruit-farmers whose soil is suitable for
particular
The sparrows, too, someother soft-billed birds.
it. The bush, also,if planted in the manner
ups some
suggestedabove,
as
limes visited the bushes
earlyin the season, but as soon
leavingall the eyes in the cuttings,will continue to bear for
like
Peas
turned
tli(;rewas
be
had
to
to
if
the
fruit diminishes
or grain
anything
they
properlymanaged, though
many
years
under.
They probably did not fancy this disgustinggrub, in size as the plantsgrow older.
]il
and only used it for feeding their young.
The
As a proof of the profitable
nature of the Black Currant I
cuckoo, the
and whitethroat,however, seem
to eat it with an
that in one
small plantationI have for two years
clisffinch,
may mention
calculated the produce, and I find that it has varied
appetite.
carefully
that this grub was
1 had long been aware
the offspringof a
from 3d to id. the square yard,or, if taken at the higherprice,
but
could
the
itself
till
I
see
this
when
about
never
"80 per acre.
The bushes
should be planted like the
p!iwfly,
fly
year,
I caught it flagrantedelicto. It was
a
brighthot day earlyin Gooseberry,6 feet from each other ; and in pruning, it should
tha* a plan the very opposite to that which
August, and as I walked up the farm I saw a cloud of clear- be remembered
flies disportingthemselves
the bushes.
about
be adopted. In the Bed
They succeeds with the Bed Currant must
"jvinged
time to time, and then rose
(Itopped from
Currant you must
wood
cut out all the new
again ; and suspectto a single eye
ing
that they were
the parents of the grub, and after no good, and leave the old,whereas
in the Black Currant
out
you must
I went up and watched
their proceedings. The females,about
the
this at any rate when
out old wood
and leave the new
house flies,
with flat yellow bodies,were
bushes are fairlyestablished.
Till this is the case
the young
tbe size of common
the lower branches
of the bushes ; the males, considerably wood should be shortened to three or four eyes, or the branches
on
will not grow with sufficient vigour to support the fruit.
parent
smaller,with thin,black,ichneumon-shaped bodies and transabove.
A fortnight
I do not recommend
the Raspberry for the same
as
wings, were
hovering in hundreds
reason
later there was
doubt about their business.
the Red Currant.
no
On examining
The birds will take the greater portion of
the bushes I found numberless
leaves perforatedwith littlepinholes,the crop unless it be constantlywatched,and unless the plantation
which had been nibbled by the grubs justhatched, and
is large it will not justify
the employment of a special
others there were
the eggs not yet hatched,laid in close
on
watcher
while the fruit is ripe; and I am
now
advocating
order along the ribs on
the under
side of the leaves,and prinof small
fruit farms, on which
cipallythe cause
one
family only
the lower branches
of the bushes.
In this arrangeis employed.
on
ment
could not help admiring the instinct of the fly;
one
its young
hatched
are
directly
they begin to eat their way upwards
PROLONGING
SEASON.
THE
STRAWBERRY
tillthey reach the end of the shoot.
In this case there
time
be
lost.
A
children
no
to
number
of
were
I HOPE
in this attempt to give some
was
directions for prolongevidently
ing
the Strawberry season, I shall be sufficiently
straightwayset to work to pick off the perforatedleaves. They
plain to be
did pick them, and
collected and
six large bucketsful were
understood, and to any question asked through the Journal I
burnt. I thought I had got tbe better of my enemies, but on
will try to give a prompt reply. I must
remark
that it is not
going into the plantationabout a week later I found every tree by any skill of mine that I have produced crops of Strawberries
covered with grubs in almost incredible numbers.
It was no
late in the season, and indeed in a commercial
point of view
on
it would not be worth my while, as I find they are
little cared
some
longer a question of picking perforated leaves
bushes
leaves
it
for
a
matter
for.
There
be
of
n
or
a
to
sort
were
was
scarcelyany
left,
prejudiceagainstthem, an
appears
children ; it was
in which
be employed. impression that they are without
a
must
case
women
flavour,and persons do not
with quicklime,others
I think,however, that the reverse
So I set some
to work, some
women
to purchase them.
is
care
with fresh-powderedhellebore,
rather the case.
The Strawberries are very distinct from the
to dredge the trees ; both these
remedies are recommended, and I wished to see which was the
same
at the ordinaryseason, so much
so that I would
variety
effectual. In another week's time I was
able to see the
more
defy the greatestepicure to say what varietyhe was
eating;
hellebore
had
result. The
lime was
the
a
nd
flavour
for appearance, colour,shape,flesh,
all different,
are
utterlyuseless,but
saved a certain portion of the leaves.
indeed Dr. Hogg and others to
At any rate I have
at least it is so with me,
as
ascertained thus much
about this detestable grub of the sawwhom
I have sent fruit can
testify.
berry;
fly,which I now
as the Strawput down for the benefit of Gooseberry-growers
Perhaps there is no fruit grown so capricious
if you wish to escape this pest,encourage
small birds,and
soil where
for in the same
one
varietywill not even
and this is even the case with kinds
another quiteluxuriates,
especiallysoft-billed birds,in your plantation above all,do live,
what you can
to protect the cuckoo.
If,notwithstandingthe nearlyrelated to each other,such as British Qaeen and Carolina
exertions of the birds,these
infest
such
late varieties as Elton, Filbert
as
Most
grubs
Superba.
your bushes,
persons grow
tain
soon
as you detect their presence by the perforated
leaves,have
Pine,Frogmore Late Pine, and Myatt'sEleanor, in order to obthese and a littlecareful management
them carefullyhand-picked, and if this does not stop their
a late supply. With
for
or
perhaps I ought to say experiencedrather than careful,
ravages dredge them well with fresh hellebore powder, which I
effect upon
believe to be the onlything that has the slightest
whatisvery easy to the experiencedis far otherwise to themerely
i^een.

"

"

"

"

"

them.

and in
you may obtain Strawberries late in summer
if any, intermission,
with very little,
autumn
except,perhaps,
the last week of July and first or second week
a week
or
two
then the gap may be filled up by May
but even
of August
Qaeen, to be succeeded by Sir Walter Scott,Black Prince, and
I had it eightor
I will try to obtain the name.
a sort of which
informed

Next to the Gooseberry,

the Currant is the fruit
OuKKANTS.
which will bring the quickestreturn to the fruit-farmer.
The
Bed Currant is subject
to the ravages of the same
abomination
the grub of the sawfly,but not to the same
as the Gooseberry
Not only
extent ; but it suffers infinitely
from the birds.
more
do the blackbird and the missel thrush make
their voracious
raids upon it I say nothing of the song thrush,for his appetite
is not of the same
insatiable nature, and he is always welcome
he can
to as much
for his song
but
eat in return
as
robins and other small birds keep nibbling at it ; so much
so, that what with their depredationsand those of the wasps,
I have never
yet been able to get a quarterof a crop from my
Red Currant bushes, and I cannot therefore recommend
it as a
for
a
fruit
farm unless it is planted in sufficient quantity
crop
to justify
the employment of a man
to protect it during the
of ripening. Still,
season
if any should wish to try,they will
find the Eaby Castle the finest of all varieties,
and an
dant
abunbearer.
"

"

"

"

"

"

"

with about
years ago from Mr. Nicholson,of Eaglesoliff,
and lost its name.
It is a very distinct
fortyother varieties,
well
known
in
the
trade.
For
late
and
doubt
no
variety,
and autumn-fruitingit is very superior,continuingto
summer
bear from
about the second or third week of August till the
nine

second
best of

or

third week

of October.

Next

in

succession

and

the

is Patrick's
all,taking every point into consideration,
shown
by Mr. Fulford, Clifton,
Seedling. Those which were
Fruit
Show
and
and
Clifton
at the Bristol
on
Chrysanthemum
the same
the 8lh and 9th inst. were
variety; many of them
careful manageWith
about two or three to the ounce.
ment
President
these will carry you tillthe end of November.
bears a few good berries from the end of October tillthe end of
were

November

30, 1871. ]

JOUENAL

OF

HOBTICULTUBE

AND

COTTAGE

411

GARDENER.

Other varieties that I have

afterwards.
If,then, it is desired to continue the succession
Seedling,Eivers's Eliza,La Conatante, say another month, such a result can
only ba attained with
with
and Myatt'sQainquefolia,but they will not at all compare
pot plants,and these must not be forced plantsof the previous
if
I would
advise trying these,and
for although the latter grow well in the open ground
the former for fertility.
spring,
when planted out, they will not produce a good crop in autumn
well afler one
season,
you may
you find you succeed tolerably
a
if
them
certain
and
I
rather
in pots. It will be necessary to have good plants,and
as
am
prolific
kept
purchase
croppers.
three months
these you may
of varietiesand extent of
obtain as follows.
If it were
large grower both as regards number
earlier one
might get plantsjustas for earlyforcing that is,
ground.
varieties that will not fruit at all, by plunging small pots in the ground,''and
I ought to mention
some
fixingthe runner
although a few of them may be induced to flower. The old on the soil by laying upon them small stones, and when they
has
and
fine
flowers
well
rooted
were
for
as
them
them
a shift into
Carolina,
example,
profuse
taking
healthy
up, giving
But as this
to have
a largerpot,and
ever
large as a half-crown, but I do not rememlier
winteringthem in the usual way.
fruit. British Queen, La Chaionnaise,Carolina
cannot be done now, the next best method
is to take up plants
gathered one
Superba, and Mr. Eadcljffe flower very sparinglyor not at all ; earlywith balls,pot, and plunge the pots up to the rims in
have only an occain justthe
Princess Alice Maude
and Goliath (Kitley's)
about 4 feet wide,growing them
on
sional
a bed of ashes
fruit ; whilst Dr. Hogg and Souvenir de Kief bear few
same
way as those planted out in beds,only not startingthem
into growth till two or three weeks
later than those in the
but fine berries.
My Strawberry garden is on the south side of a hill,sloping beds. They will thrive best in the bed of ashes tillabout the
affected by drought ; beginning of September or later,
care
being taken to keep off
abruptlyand very stony, so as to be quickly
In
has therefore been not only a frequentloss of excessive wet and frost as directed for those planted out.
the consequence
and
such
dance
the destruction of the plants,
orchard house the plants will succeed admirably with abunan
the crop, but sometimes
should
hand
that
it
in
time
the
take
of
air
that
of
tilllate
in
but
after
a drying-up
they
foliage
November,
you might
your
be removed
and reduce it to powder. The first time I had a crop 1 at once
they will
to the back shelf of a greenhouse,where
that it was
after a period of rest that a crop of fruit was
be near
the glassand have plenty of light and air ; or it you
saw
of the cold of winterer the
little more
want them
on
a
to come
produced, whether in consequence
rapidly,placethem in a
Then
the question how this could
came
dry heat of summer.
positionwhere they may have a littleheat,but it must be very
and
has
shown
that
me
be effected artificially,my experience
otherwise you will lose your crop, or a considerable porlittle,
tion
trol,
the best way is to have your plants in some
of it.
way under conand it may
For a bed
be done in the followingways.
Naturallythe same
varietycontinues a long time in bearing.
sheltered spot,either by a wall (ofcourse
not your
select some
Patrick's Seedling, for instance,I gathered for about
From
or by some
nine weeks, but there was
ordinaryfruit wall),
shrubs, and with an
gathering last week ; the
evergreen
only one
aspect as nearly south as possible; take out the soil to at least interval between that and the precedinggathering was two or
than 4 feet wide ; fill the excavated
in the week
3 feet deep, and not more
three days over a week, and we gatheredonly once
The other varietyof
space to the depth of quite 2 feet with stones and rubble,and
previous,but up till then twice a-week.
the remaining foot with good open soil. Thus will be secured
and
which I cannot
give the name, which is very handsome
trick's
thorough drainage,which is absolutelynecessary for the productiongood under the same
circumstances,and treated just like Paof a crop, and such a bed or border should be made
but
to
in quite three or four weeks earlier,
Seedling,comes
if
4
much
the
5 inches to the foot so
or
slope very rapidly
will not produce longer than seven
or
eight weeks, and then
better.
in more
at one
the late gatheringsare poor.
The crop comes
Planting may be done in various ways ; for instance,you
time than that of Patrick's Seedling.
used for forcing,especially
to keep
I must say again, Be careful in the resting season
employ plants previously
may
any
that have failed to bear a crop ; these,if they have been forced
had so abundant
the plantsas healthy as possible. I have never
in by the end of July. You may plant very
this season, for the plants were
early,will come
injured
a crop as I have had
earlyin the spring,but plantingat the ordinary time
August before, and I should have failed to give such directions last
the
better. Plants
in
doubt
of
no
or
September is much
I
able
do
this.
I
have
as
am
during
to
season
put
your
many
spring should have every encouragement to make growth,while
correspondentswill beat me
altogetherin about two seasons.
those planted earlyin August will need no
Allow the
care.
quarts, it
My gatheringsaltogetherhave been about fifty-nine
and
of the fruit is nearlyripe, may be a few more, and principally
ordinaryplantsto grow on till some
from the two varieties,
and then place spare lights over them when it rains,and at many
of the berries were
very fine both as to size,appearance,
rain
is
if
for
be
attention
must
expected;
particular
paid and flavour.
night
to give the periodof rest. You may make a framework
for lights,
If anyone
should be desirous to make a bed at once he may
whatever
be used to keep off rain (lights,
or
or
glass do so if possessing
of spare plants,otherwise it
abundance
an
may
sort being,of course, the best)
in the following will be much
coveringof some
better to plant in very mild weather at the end of
into
Select some
tolerablystraight poles, cut them
of the plantsput in at this
way :
February or in March, for many
end somewhat
bore holes
one
out of the
2^-feetlengths,make
would
pointed,
season
run
a great risk of being thrown
with an iron bar, at the width of the lightsapart,to the depth ground by the frost and killed. Do not keep the plantsunnecessarily
of about 18 inches, and with a wooden
mallet drive in each
will
be
there
a
draught
for
under
the
lights
covered,
pole till you have about 1 foot above your bed or border,and of air which in the autumn
is very chilly,and, although it
battens. The same
on the tops of these nail lengthwisecommon
the flowers.
does not hurt the fruit so much as wet, it injures
material will do to nail across
unless the
between each light,
G. Lee, Clevedon.
and
and
of
lightsare very large
heavy,
then, course, something
Jolin Powell.

does

November,

as

fruited

Swainstone's

are

"

"

"

"

"

"

stronger will be necessary;

but it will be found

that posts
SELECT
ROSES.
this way will be much
firmer than those put in by
selection of Roses
W.
Paul's
Me.
will,no doubt, be of
digging a hole and ramming the soil about them, to say nothing
After several years'
about disturbingthe ground. Some
of your readers.
service to many
much
fasteningwill be needed
I
with a claysubsoil,
loam
a
at the top to prevent the lights
as
a
Rose-grower on
running down, which they experience
otherwise would do.
as exhibition flowers :
find the followinganswer
my
purpose
de Rothschild,
la Baronne
described brought the plants into a
Having by the means
Alfred Colomb, Abel Grand, Madame
of
Charles Lefebvre, Duke
state of rest,althoughonly for two or three weeks, they may
Madame
Vidot, Maiie Banmann,
be again started into growth (but if only one
Nie), Pierre Netting, S^nateur Vaisse,
Edinburgh, Margehal
varietyis grown,
William
Caudwell.
have
Belle
a
must
some
longer rest in order that a succession may
Louis Van Hontte, and
Ljonnaise.
be kept up),by removing the lightsaltogether,
and leavingthe
"
till the fruit is near
An
course
plants to themselves
I THINK
Amateuk, South of Ireland," has been too
maturity ; then rebe had to lightsagain,in order to keep off excesmust
of Marie Baumann
if, as I judge
sive
hasty in his condemnation
the berries both in
rain,which would materiallyicjflre
from his letter,
though I may be mistaken, he has decided from

fixed in

"

"

the opinions of Eosegrowers as

better uncovered
flavour,but the plants will be much
a singleplant. I am
eliciting
in very heavy and continuous
rain. About the end
Roses, and hope to be able to
to the best twelve and thirty-six
At present I have
of September it will be necessary to be on guard againstfrost, publish the returns
in your next number.
to my request,and thirteen
in answer
for a severe
frost will greatly
and a very slight fourteen lists sent to me
injurethe fruit,
the first
Baumann
frost will injurethe flowers.
out of the fourteen place Marie
among
This mode
of treatment
will carry us on
to the middle
of twelve ; the fourteenth
places it first in the list of the next
the
makes
Marie
Banfar
returns go,
November with tolerable safety,
as
but cannot be depended upon
twenty-four.Tbi", as

texture

and

save

JOUBNAL

412

OF

HOETICULTURE

AND

COTTAGE

GAEDENEB.

[ November

SO,1871.

third in the list,only Matfichal Niel and Baroness

Eotlipchild being named
However, I am
by everyone.
only
anticipatingmatters, and hope to be able to publish the full
listnext week.^C. P. Peach.

not yet tried Achievement, Mrs. Headley,Princess of Wales,

and some
others of the high-pricedkinds,as I have not bitberto
considered them worth their market price,
though Mrs. Headley
is likelyto be a step in advance even
of Lady Galium.
Mr.
Pearson has also some
fine varieties in Mr. Sanday, Mrs. Edge,
Countess
of Manvers, and also Edith Pearson, which I have
PLANTS
IN
BEDDING
1871." No. 4.
tried and succeeded with.
which was
Qaeen of the Tiicolore,
of your readers for having delayed not good with me
I MUST
last year, was
apologiseto some
good this. Lonisa Smith has
on
so long in sending this communication
bedding plants,but not sufficient zone, while Sophia Cnsaok and Lucy Grieve do
I have had my time so occupied with other matters
that I have
One of the very best I have tried is one
not grow.
of Messrs.
able
to
find
the
been
o
f
Bell " Thorpe's calltd Macbeth, very stout in the texture of the
not
opportunity finishingmy notes.
I have not very much
to alter or to add to what I said on the
and
I
have
a
doubt
no
leaf,good zone,
it will
strong grower.
and Gold section last year.
Bronze
I have had twenty-four ultimatelyprove a fine border plant.
Of the Gold-leaved
varieties or so on trial this year. At present I think those
and Gold-edged section I have not much
raised by Mr. Laing, of the firm of Downie, Laird, " Laing, incomparably
to say.
I stillpreferCloth of Gold to CrystalPalace Gem, and
the best. Of these ImperatriceBagSaie, the finest where it can be made to grow the old Golden Chain is best of
in point of colour,is of too tender a growth for many
but I do not intend for the future to grow any more.
Golden
gardens, all,
and attention that can
but is worth all the care
be paid to it, Feather Pyrethrum suppliesthe placeof gold-leaved
Geraniums
and is especially
good as a pot plant. As a bedder,however, it without trouble ; and where the Pyrethrum does not harmonise
Prince.
This has a much
is not BO good as Crown
there is gold variegated
more
Arabis,the largervariegatedPeriwinkle,
vigoroushabit,and retains the golden yellowof its leaves longer and other hardy gold-variegated
plants which do not take up
than any other I have as yet tried. It is gloriousboth in spring house room, and givecomparativelyno trouble.
d
not
turn
and autumn, ana
The Silver Tricolors have only proved with me useful as pot
es
others,such as
green as many
I have seen
Beauiy of Caiderdale,Her Majesty,Beauty of Oalton, "c. It plants,and I do not think any of the new ones
is invaluable,
too, as a pot plant for exhibition on account of much
superiorto Italia Unita, unless I except Lass o'Gowrie.
its good habit,but in order to make
Of White-edged Zonals I still prefer Flower
a good plant it should be
of Spring, as
from the first.
and full of
being the most compact in its habit,short-jointed,
pincbed-in
another of Mr. Laing's,is also very fine in point foliage,
and if only sufficient use is made of the old plantsthere
Brilliancy,
of colour ; in fact,at times in pots it excels even
Crown
and Pearl (PearPrince, is none
superior. May Queen (Turner's),
son's),
but it has not so good a constitution or habit.
its two greatest rivals,but I confess I still prefer
are
For those who
Flower
ing,
of Spring to either of them.
Alma
still keeps up its
require a golden bed with very little markI can
recommend
Mrs. Lewis Lloyd,very dwarf-growing, superiority
is ol
to Bijou,which, though very white in the leaf,
with a spreading habit ; and Sceptre d'Or,of a more
apright such bad habit and of so rough an outline as not to be worth
habit than the last,and making an
almost self yellow bed,the
keeping. Miss Kingsbury is good,but not so good as I expected.
bronze zone
not being very distinctly
To quit the subject
of Pelargoniums,there are other bedding
marked, and shading off
into the leaf,but the gold in the centre and outside of the leaf plants that have been invaluable this summer.
First,I would
mention
Little Gem Lobelia. This for the third year has proved
being very good.
Of the sorts which are by this time very fairlyknown, I think
to be all that could be desired ; it is the only Lobelia I know
the best are Duke
of Edinburgh and E. G. Henderson, both
that with good growth clothes itself fullywith green
foliage
alike,Ebor, and Kentish Hero. These are of good before it blooms. It is very compact in its habit,free-blooming,
very much
constitution and growth, and though not so fine in their gold short-jointed,
but is a much
better grower than the Pumila
bronze as Crown
or
liancy, section, in colour like Paxtoni.
Prince, ImpSratrice Eugenie, and BrilWe only want a dark blue of
stilldo not turn green.
the same
in hopes
habit to have all we
require,and I am
Other
sorts well worth retainingare Mrs. Allan Lowndes, a
another Lobelia I have tried this year. Indigo Blue, will be
fine pot plant; Prima
Donna, FairyEing, Countess of Kellie, nearly as good. The dark blue Lobelia,Pumila elegans,has
and Princess of Wales.
They all require good treatment, also done very well with me, and a white,or very nearly white
of Lobelia Little Gem, that
I may mention
especiallyin the winter,and ought to be planted in favourable
one, called Pearl.
Those
which
I discard are
Black
a row
ground.
Knight, James
plantedfrom a spent hotbed about the 18th of May was
and
Black
of
all
which
in
have
full
the
middle
of
too
their zones
Eichards,
Douglas,
beauty by
July,and lasted in good bloom
dark, and are apt to turn green ; also Beauty of Calderdale, tillthe end of September, and everyone who saw it said it was
the most perfectline of Lobelia ever
It began to bloom
Beauty of Eibblesdale,Sybil,Princess Alice, "c. Their name
seen.
about the first week in June, and the cuttingswere
all struck
at present seems
legion,Mr. Bull a'one sending out fortyor
so last season, having separatedthem
into three distinctclasses, in the spring earlyin February.
for their foliage
as Bronzes
remarkable
for the
grown
Ageratum Imperial Dwarf also proved a most valuable plant,
; Bronzes
those remarkable
and beds.
Tom
Thumb
too dwarf
was
beauty of their flowers ; and, thirdly,
for pegood both for rows
culiarity
of shades of colours. Amongst these fortyit is prowith
but would be very good for those who like pincushion
me,
bable
that only two
or
three can
beds with succulents,as the Eoheverias, Sempervivums, and
be worth much, as all Mr.
Bull's strain have too much
do not please
but which I am
obliged to own
green in them to pleaseme, and it Alternantheras,
is more
that stripthem of their flowers fand it my
fioricuUural millineryabout
probable still,
taste, as there is too much
is to be borne in mind
Beds such
with other beds.
that they should be grown for their them, and they do not harmonise
that which
Messrs. Veitch
foliageand not for their flowers),
as
tinguished
planted in the large tent at
they would hardlybe disfrom another.
one
and
curious
the
number
for
Nottingham are interesting
per se,
There
three other promising sorts which
vidually
are
of plants that can
be put into a very small space, but indiI have not
tested yet; these are Seine Victoria,Marquis of
sufiioiently
theygiveme no pleasureafter I have once seen them,
Lome, and Earl of Eosslyn. I have also omitted one which I and ought when they are used to stand in a placeby themselves.
think may be considered as a VariegatedBronze, called ColumOne raised
More use ought to be made, I think,of Petunias.
bine,
raised at Chiswiok,and which has a lightershade of
of
by Messrs. Bell " Thorpe, called Single Beauty, has some
green
saw
the richest and most
varied colours I ever
in any Petunia,
running across both the bronze zone and the inner and outer
and from its freedom of blooming and habit of growth it would
rings of colour,and which this year proved very bright and
effective.
One reason
which induces me
be sure of making a fine bed.
to mention
especially
this is once
to protestagainst the Bronzes
In spiteof all that has been said againstBeet, because it is
more
fied
being classias
claim to esculent,I still think it by far the best of the dark-colonredvariegatedGeraniums, as they have no more
the title than any of the old dark Zonal varieties,
Baron
as
foliagedplants; my only trouble was with the sparrows, which
the
I cannot see that it makes
Rioasoli,
Symmetry, Baron Hugel, "o.
They do not, in short, are too fond of it when young.
leaf a whit less beautiful because the root happens to be useful
variegate or sport from the seedling in the same
as
way
Tricolors or Silver-edged
plants,and we may soon have a strain as a kitchen-gardencrop ; we might as well not grow the
of VariegatedBronzes.
Pyrethrum because it is a Chamomile, and puts one in mind of
The
next section I come
Norton's pills. I have tried four sorts, but found three of
to are the Tricolors ; their name
is
again
legion. A listsent me the other day by a grower in the them identical" they are Dell's,Osborn'a,and Carter's Crimson
trade contained
113 sorts, and I think for all practicalpurNutting'sDwarf Selected was different,but not so good.
poses Beet.
ten or twelve are
land,
sufficient. I have found none
yet to Some seed which was kindlygiven me on trial by Mr. Suthermann

"

beat

Lady CuUnm,

and next to it

Sophia Dumareeque.

I have

of Castle

Howard, and saved by him,

was

very

good and

November

80, 1871.]

JOUENAL

OF

AND

HOETICULTUEE

COTTAGE

413

GAEDENEE.

are
requiredin a blanched state,the
with litter or mats ;
be excluded by covering over
but the flavour is not in any case
good, nor do I think the
so
heads look so tempting on the table,as much of their delicious
Centanrea
as Beet.
is destroyed.
ceedingly
Of Calceolarias,the old Anrea
floribunda has answered exappearance
the
I think it is as well at this stage to say a few words about
this
never
with
well
me
having seen
again
year,
ticular
inside of a house or pot. The cuttingsare inserted in rows in the plantsand their preparationfor forcing. I am not so parabout the age of the plants as some
and protectedonly with a frame,
gardeners are,
the open ground in lightsoil,
loose straw being thrown over the frame, and the sides earthedbelieving,and, in fact,knowing by experience,that if the bed

very dwarf, and grew to the same

trne, and the plants were
the Belvoir Oastle strain.
as
height. I think it is the same
I have never
seen
any plants that contrast so well with the

itwell. If the heads

up in very cold weather.

I cannot
endorse all that has been said in favour of the
Violas ; they do not last long enough to pleaseme.
They are
for
spring gardening, which is their proper place;
very good
is to my mind
but to hybridiseback with the Viola cornuta
merely introducingagain an inferior strain of Pansy, and I
have never
yet seen a bed of Violas satisfactoryin August that
be proalso good in the spring. A beautiful effect can
was
duced
beds of choice Belgian or Show
or
in spring by rows
than
to
raise
lings,
seedis
more
interesting
Pausies,and nothing
in springgardening,but I am
of them
and to make
nee

from which they are to be taken has produced a good preceding

little
crop, and the plants are strong and vigorous,it matters
jects
subwhat age the pisnts may be,althoughin the forcingof many
Strawberries, for instance
youth is neeeasary to secure
vigour. In the case, however, of Asparagus it matters littleif
twelve to twenty years old,if the roots and
the bed be from
much
of this
I find it preferablewhen
sound.
crowns
are
vegetableis forced to grow the plants in singlerows, instead

stilla scepticas
for summer
(feo.,
C. P. Peach.

light must

"

"

of in beds of the usual width,because when requiredfor forcing

and without that mutilation of the
they can be taken up entire,
fleshyroots which must result from tearingthem ont of a bed
matted together.
to the use
of Viola cornnta, lutea.Perfection, when they have all become
But many
and autumn.
to conclude.
me
gardeners have not the space to grow Asparagus
Space warns
otherwise than in beds,and stillthey force good Asparagus. I
found that much
have never
ragus
wateringis requiredwhen Aspa-

FORCING

"

VEGETABLES."
ASPARAGUS.

No.

3.

is forced on
good watering
dung beds ; generallyone
and this
the buds
when
begin to vegetate will be sufficient,
of the same
should be with water
temperature as the bed.
Some
gardeners apply a sprinklingof salt over the bed at the
time cf forcing,
but, in my opinion,that does no good whatever
then, and if given at all should be applied in a liquid state
with the watering,or, better still,
given on the out-door bed
the season
previousto its being taken up for forcing. Another
way of forcingAsparagus is by making up a bed of faggots^
brushwood, or any other open material,in the same
way as a
dung bed, only a foot or so higher ; on the top of these a thin,
and
should
be placed,
upon the last
layerof prepared manure
the frame, the heat being kept up by external linings. This is
is
Greater care
is scarce.
excellent plan where manure
a most

Asparagus was one of the first culinaryvegetables

to which the art of forcingwas applied,it having been sold in
the London
markets
in good condition and earlyin the year
not surprisedat
the seventeenth century. I am
as far back as
this,for,according to my experience,there is no vegetable
more
easilyand sucoessfnllyforced than Asparagus, and yet
the forcingof this and other vegetablesis not carried to the
it should. The high price
extent that their importance demands
Garden
realised for a hundred
heads
in Covent
during the
would
lead
to
season
one
forcing
suppose that either very few
in its cultivation,
that the demand
for it must be
or
engage
conabiue to raise the price, necessary in applying the liningsthat the heat may not be too
very great. Perhaps both causes
and should,therefore,
be a gufSioient reason, for all those who
rank, as it will have easier access to the body of the frame than
Asparagus. I hope to be able to show
by the mode a' o"e described.
can, to force their own
that neither expensive contrivances nor any very extraordinary Such are the modes
of forcingAsparagus generallyadopted,
not
skillis requiredto force this vegetablesuccessfully.
and to be recommended
only for their complete success,
The moat
In many
the score
of economy.
but also on
places,however,
generalway of forcingthis vegetableis by making
attended to, pits heated
For this
and order are strictly
where neatness
dung beds,and placinggarden frames upon them.
sufficient manure
should be collected in a heap, and
by hot water are used instead of dung beds, and are quiteas
purpose
well prepared by frequentlymixing and turningit,so as to get successful and less troublesome,though the expense of erecting
bed
nure
if plenty of maor
for
for consideration
ont all rank heat and steam, and which, for the
such places is a matter
of preparation,
external liningsto the frame, is the best mode
and leaves are
to be had.
Forcing Asparagus by means
rank heat from the outside, or a thick steam
a
inside,being of hot water requiresadditional care, owing to the tendency of
be
The thickness of the bed may be
the bed too hot and dry. Water
must
fire heat to make
very detrimental to the crop.
from 3 to 4 feet,and the size a littlelargerthan the frame that
sufficient to keep the soil in
carefullysupplied in quantities
is to be put on
it,and if leaves are to be obtained,a third of the best state for vegetation,
ragus
remembering always that Aspathem mixed with dung will help to sweeten
and also moderate
does not require a strong heat to force it successfully.
in
the heat in the bed.
When
the frame is on, put the lightson
in
and
sometimes
forced
is
also
boxes,
placed
Asparagus
any
The roots may also be planted
also,and allow it to remain till the heat is well up and the forcinghouse, pit,pr frame.
then level the surface,and
manure
in the borders of the earlyforcingvinery or Peach house where
thoroughly sweated itself,
ing
treadVine roots are likelyto ramble, and many
beat it down moderately firm. Some would recommend
good dishes may
no
be thus produced. All these makeshift
venient
it,but I do not advise that,for it is possibleto get the bed
plans are very contoo firm, and thus prevent the heat from rising; the weight of
when
the general crop is likelyto run
short,or if an
the
firm
roots
soil
and
the
will
manure
needed
of
dish
is
at
t
ime.
the
two
or
enough, extra
press
any particular
and cool the bed considerably. Before planting,a layerof soil
of forcing Asparagus, which
There
is one
other method
the bed 3 inches thick will be sufficient,
and the roots
over
originated many
years ago, but instead of being generally
should be placed togetherlevel,
and in regular order, all over
adopted it is confined to market gardeners and largeprivate
the whole
fine light establishments,where
of this
the bed. Afterwards
with some
cover
exceedingly large quantities
the roots are well
that all spaces between
earth,taking care
vegetable are required. It is that of forcingthe roots as they
filled up, and the crowns
covered to the depth of 3 or 4 inches, stand in the open
trenches
either
by the
ground,
by digging
when
the bed may
be considered
or
finished,and the lights side of the bed and heating by dung linings,
by hot-water
the beds must be coveredplacedover the whole ; if the heat,however,becomes too strong, pipes under the bed ; in either case
and the weather
is mild, they may
be taken off for several
of boards and glass. No doubt there is in theby a framework
hours in the day until the roots begin to grow, but not after end a saving in all this preparationfor those who need
suchthat.
The
of the bed will now
for generall
treatment
consist in giving large supplies,but I do not think it is a method
air
of
o
f
the
the
heat
in
bed
the
f
or
small
plenty
daily,regulated, course, by
adoption,especially
grower.
and the state of the weather.
Asparagus requiresa less degree
growth
Forcing may commence
any time after the summer's
of heat to bringit to perfection
than almost any other vegetable, is matured
and the tops cut off. I saw
a bed in Sir Henry
the heads make
their appearance
how soon
above
as witness
Ashford,in the firstweek of November,
Lupton'a garden,near
of the produce had been cnt, and another
most
ground out-doors after a few mild days in spring. A temperafrom which
ture
with
50"
but
be
of from
to 60",
not more,
sun
I understood
from
heat,will
coming on in a most promising manner.
found sufficient. It will,of course, grow in a mucli higher the skilful gardener, that early in October was
their usual
is a very
temperature if it is necessary to force it for any specified
time, time to commence
forcing; but I think November
but to produce strong heads with colour and good flavour,
the
proper time to begin. A bed should be made
up five or six
above temperature,with proper ventilationand light,
will grow
weeks before wanted, and in order to keep np a proper suceesI

BEiiiBVE

JOURNAL

414

OF

HORTIOULTDKE

AND

GARDENER.

COTTAGE

f November

80, 1871.

another bed should be made

every three weeks or a little
A good deal of jadgment must
be exercised by the cultivator,
for dung beds are
more
or
less affected by the weather
the state of the manure
when
the beds are made
up ; one
will not always produce the same
quantityas the other.
taken
be
in
must
the
care
greatest
cutting
produce from
the shoots are very thick.
a forcingbed when
They should

sion

growth, not impeded in the least by the impure atmosphereof

this locality.I consider it one
of the best white Grapes we
have for earlyforcing.
and
A great deal has been written lately
both for and againstthe
bed
Golden Champion, but as I have not seen
it growing,I shall
The
I shall be in a positionto send a
wait until next season, when
off
report upon it,accompanied with a sample of Grapes. The
be cut by a long narrow
have made
instrument, thrusting it into the Vines of the last-mentioned
extraordinarily
strong
ground almost perpendicularly
by the side of the shoot intended
short-jointedrods for the last two seasons
; so I think we
the chances
to be cat ; if used slantingly
that you destroy shall be able to form a tolerably
are
correct opinion of what it will
the other successional
growths, and very much
dens,
injure the be when thoroughly established. TnoaAS
Tobneb, The GarTHOMis
Recobd.
crop.
Beaufort Lodge.
less.

"

"

NOTES

FROM

PEACH

these was
better than I
Magdala, and the fruit from it was
believed a Peach
could be.
This variety is first-rate under
glass,but I expect it should be grown on a wall to have it as it
sbould
to early startingunder
be, unless we have recourse
and final ripening outside,a method
that always gives
s"lass,
fruit of the highest flavour.
Of the others under
andra
glass,AlexNoblesse,Nectarine Peach, and, above all,Friooess of
the best. Dr. Hogg, Crimson
Wales, were
Galande, and Dagall inferior when
rcar
are
forced,but very fine in the cold
house.
Of the Nectarines
I have less to say, but Albert, A'bert

Victor, Pine Apple, Stanwick, Blruge, Victoria,and Rivers's

White were, as usual,magnificent. One
seedling of my own,
raised from Hardwicke
set with the pollen of Victoria,promises
very well,being very like the Stanwick, but earlyand
seemingly having no tendency to cracking. This is its second
.season
of bearing,and I overcropped it and shifted it into a
that I did not think it rightto
so
largerpot when it waslstoning,
send you any of the fruit,but if it goes on as well next year, you
shall see what it is. This, then, is the result of
my experience
in the present season.
Mr. Rivers's Early Beatrice,Louise,

Early Rivers, Early Silver,Rivers's Early York, Magdala,

Alexmdra
Noblefse,and Princess of Wales gave a complete
succession from the 2l8t of May to the end of September, and
with Malta are
all that anyone need care to grow under
glass
with a small amount
of heat from January to June.
If Mr. Rivers's new
varieties prove as good out of doors,we
s'lall soon
cease
to hear of the great mass
of the older ones.
Early Beatrice is quite hardy here out of doors,and ripened
this summer.
even
Early Rivers,Early Silver,
and the other
derivatives of the White
Nectarine will not,suit a cold or cool
climate,as they are all inclined to be acid. I do not think the
is so great as that of the Peaches,
progress of the Nectarines
for I think some
of the old varieties of Nectarines
hold their
ground firmlyas yet ; but I trust our
old friend may yet live
to see as wonderful
a
of bis new
varieties
progeny from some
done from the Peaches,such a success
as he has
I believe
as
has
reached
no
before.
W.
ever
pomologist
Eingslet.
"

THE
The

GOLDEN

HAMBURGH

GRAPE.

in which this Grape was

abused some
few years
of the majority
ago will,doubtless,still be fresh in the memory
of your readers ; but, strange to say, I took a fancy to it
from
the beginning, not because
it was
supported by such
eminent
authorities as Messrs. Cramb
and Pearson, but simply
whenever
I
through its excellent quality and appearance
had
it. My experience goes to prove that many
seen
a good
manner

and destroyed too hastily. A Vine,

Grape is condemned
than any plant,requiresage
that is,four or more
years,
to bring ovit and establish its true character and value.
Here
a '6 two Vines
in the early,the other in the late house,
one
plinted,I have no doubt, at the time they were
sent out.
I
wish for better Grapes than those which came
never
from the
former
almost
and
wellsplendid berries,
transparent,
sh luldered symmetrical bunches, averaging from 3 to 4 lbs. in
we'ght. Besides its fruitingqualities,
it is a varietyof the
Btr ingestconstitution,
making in each case the most vigorous
new

more

"

DENDROBIUM

HOUSE.

In the warm
house Early Beatrice Peach was
ripe on May
2l3t,and good ; EarlyLouise followed in a week ; in another
week
Early Rivers and Early Alfred,then came
Early Silver,
and very soon
after it Rivers's White
Nectarine.
None of the
old sorts were
within a month
of any of these,and those early
house
sorts from the middle
before Early Grosse Migwere
in the warm
noune
Malta was
the earliest of the old
one.
and
is
the
one
of
best
under
sorts,
glass. Some trees I
very
kept under glass till July,and then plunged outside; one
of

HETEROCARPUM.

We

have recentlyhad a plant of the above floweringwith

than
I ever
remember
Two
of
greater freedom
having seen.
the growths, measuring respectively
11 and 13 inches, have
produced, the longer eighteen, the other thirteen flowers. I
heard of more
never
flowers on
one
growth before,although
there may have been instances,
for the plant is by no means
a
inmate
new
of our Orchid houses, having been in cultivation
some
thirtyyears. Good old speciesare often pushed aside to
make
This certainly
placefor new comers.
ought not to be the
with Dendrobium
case
heterocarpum, for, although it may not
be quite so attractive to the eye as some
of the genus, it is most
and its lastingpropertiesshould at
deliciously
sweet-scented,
make
it a favourite ; for if placed in a cool house, and
once
kept comparativelydry, it will continue in good condition from
six to eightweeks, forming a splendidobjectat this dull season
of the year.
C. J. W., The Gardens, Femiehurst.
"

LABELLING

FRUIT

TREES.

I TAKE
it cut into piecesabout
a thin sheet of lead,and have
1} inch long and J-inch wide ; then with a blunt chisel about
in Roman
each label I impress numbers
g inch wide, upon
I make
characters by means
of a gentletap with a hammer.
hole
the
left-hand
side
the
label
a nmall
of
at
wiih a pricker,which can without difficulty
be
to penetrate a thin sheet of lead, through
made
LXXXIX
0
which I put a piece of lead wire.
"The label
is then complete and ready for tying on
the
See the accompanying representation.
tree.
It will be noticed that eighty-nineis the highest number
that can
be made with the chisel,
for the next number
(ninety)
will not have
will have a C in it,but I assume
that an amateur
as
so many
eightyvarieties of any one speciesof fruit trees ;
than eighty-ninebe required,a C can
but if a higher number
of the shops.
some
in which I keep a correct list of all my fruit
a book
tell any kind of
it
I can with ease
that
on
trees,so
referringto
fruit tree I happen to have, and can almost as easilyfind such
tree. Each page is headed thus

easilybe obtained from

I have

"

Size.

Use,

of a tree,and a correspondIn the firstcolumn

is the number
ing
the label attached to the tree. In the
number
is also on
the tree bears ;
second column
is the varietyof fruit which
are
for the size
and the third and fourth columns
respectively
and use
of the fruit. I generallyarrange my fruit into three
sizes,No. 1 being the largest.No. 2 smaller,and No. 3 the
The fifth column
smallest.
speaks for itself; and in the sixth
in which the fruit is in season.
column
is the month
1 number
the
each class of fruit trees separatelyand distinctly
from
For Apples, Pears, "c., I commence
with No. 1 reothers.
spectively,
If I had
and each varietyhas the same
number.
ten trees of the same
variety of Pear, each tree would have
attached
the same
number
fruit-book." W. B. A.

to

it,and only one

reference in my

"

CoRNicK

V.

I do not intend to appealto any third party

stated,nor hold any controversy
previously
My objectwas simply to state to the best of my
remember
I beard in Conrt, and I distinctly
bearing
of bis address nsing tbe words I
conusel in the course

Black.

"

to cori'oborate wliat I have

"

with Mr.

Cornick.

knowledge what
tbe defendant's

in reference
did,and particalarly

to

some

transaction in which

more

November

30, 1871. ]

JOUBNAL

AND

HOETICULTUBE

OF

givenfor some Strawberries (Ibelieve theywere)than coald good walls call for is it not evident that
be made
out of them when theywere
offered for sale. Surely realise results,
possibly
gain experience undreamt

liad been

"

if the facts were

different the statements should have been refated at
I did not hear it,and am
the time ; if theywere
to Mr.
much obliged
Comick
for correcting
and supplying
the information he has done.
me
"

Thomas

[We

Taylob.

cannot

insert more

relativeto this trial.

"

Eds.]

415

GAEDENEB.

OOTTAGE

such

a grower
would
of before,and, what
ideas of what Pears

little consequence,
form his own
is of no
suited his taste ?
of mine are,
as some
Diagonal Pear cordons double-grafted,
the Qaince,two seasons
on
old,purchasedwith promising buda
"
Pears w"re
what a changefrom the days when
planted for
"

one's heirs !"

DIAGONAL
I

CORDONS

advocated
frequently
and I have a few more
training,
HATE

PEARS.

FOR

Journal

in the

experiencesto

has

which

neighbours
"

have

also

New

new

and

I may

call them

by this method

given

a
friendlyway
benefit of their experiences.of

pupils in
us

the

"

"

style of
quote here.

this

immediately called forth these notes is the

and select iPears,
diagonal cordons being the
Here
very best calculated to test the relative merits of such.
have planted two walls,which
we
are
alreadyproducing re"snlts. I am
of
thus enabled
to state that the observations
of your correspondentsare
some
so
as
confirmed, the more
That

question of

Say a grower having a good wall 10 or 12 feet high,wired at

the usual intervals
horizontal wiring is the best
purchases
two hundred
Pears, maiden trees, in pairsof sorts. This will
he
him
which
select
hundred
out of
can
one
give
varieties,
old and new
Let him
make
Pears.
a
good trench along
many
that wall, taking the usual precautionsto have a well-drained
soil to place over
border
fiUed-in with fresh, maiden
the
let him
tender root-fibres. Then
lay in the trees at 16 inches
the
first season,
interval againstthe wires at an angleof 70" for
to 45" till,
not loweringthem
Growth
say, the third season.
should be encouraged to restore root action disturbed by change

"

require at least several years, and culture in

before they can
be acceptedgeneand climates,
rally
as
standard fruits ; and so that method
which enables us
"to ascertain their qualities
the soonest
must
be the most
able.
valuThis
the diagonal cordon
does better than any other
"form,the horizontal being insufficiently
developedto represent
Pears

soils
"differing

position. The shoots should be merely equalised,unless

very gross, and the leader steered by a lightguiding rod at the
mystery is there in all this which a lad
proper angle. What
observation is needed, and
would
not fathom ?
Only common
The shoots at the winter
doubt need be felt as to results.
no
regulation will all be cut-in to two buds, and the leader
Next summer
these two
shortened by one-third to a fruit bud.
shoots should be stopped
buds will push forth,and these young
back to 4 inches as soon
cond
as
eight buds are developed; the sefour are
as
seen
growth to 2 inches as soon
; the third

good-sizedtree,being,in fact,antagonisticin idea to such ;

wbile the diagonal,representingthe natural
angle formed by a
At the winter pruning
branch with the main
ing
growth to 1 inch as soon as two are seen.
stem, and having a largerarea of bearIf a fruit bud be clearlyvisible at
all these will be cut back.
wood and leaf,
the other
holds a positionmidway between
yond,
"forms.
Nothingequals the diagonalin simplicityof pruning, the base,we may cut back to it ; if doubtful,leave a bud bewill establish it as a permanent
and the next season
"forwhile with horizontals we
requiredwarfing stocks (which,
in the case of Apple trees on the French
as
Paradise,have the bearingfruit bud.
All these rules,seemingly empirical,are, however, useful
disadvantage of exposing the root fibres to the air whenever
and it is then
in practice. After a time one
becomes
rains
this
and
careless,
iieavy
whenever the border
occur,
dangerously
slopes)inlhs case of the diagonalwe are independent of all good to read up the subjectagain.
The leader should be shortened
or
not at all ; at
"auoh considerations. Nor have we
strain
very little,
any vertical shoots to reof itself. This
take care
it will soon
in horizontals;the upper side of the diagonalgrows
as
any rate,if well grown
shoots
have been well
that the fruitful
"freely
enough, and is too apt to dwarf the under side,but does
supposes, of course,
not by any means
The advantage
tended, and are becoming thick,healthy,and have plentyof
give any real trouble or care.
and reThen the tree seems
to advance of itself,
quires
of removal
are
equal in either form ; their periods of fruit buds.
the mildest amount
of skill. While
your neighbours
maturity are also equal.
the even-balancingof the wings of their
I have nothing to say againsthorizontal cordons as such ; on
are
wearying over
British fans," and covering their walls with slow stagesof
the contrary,I have jast patenteda "cordon
case"
expressly
a

"

wood, having to extend each way as well as to rise vertically,

and
covered with handsome
fruit,
your diagonalswill be soon
"
be content to leave the
case
to stand on its you a judge of its value by the sure
way of tasting. Tour
seen, we must
This is the good old way.
merits.
own
So I repeat, Grow
being likewise in pairs,will enable you soon
by hundred varieties,
dozen
dishes of six or
wHh
a
all means
abundance
of horizontal cordons,especially
to compete at provincialshows
such as
suit my "case"
twelve fine Pears of varieties quiteunknown, even
Peaches and Apricotsare best" and then you
by name, to
the
lose
You
win relish these little improvements in culture,such as the
prize you seek for this
may
your neighbours.
it
much
and
after
but
is
loss
which
cover
not
slides
the
which
and
back
all,
glass
oft,
you will stillbe
especi- reason,
ally
removes,
when
far ahead
of your competitors
the floor which lowers all at will,
knowledge has reached
the whole of which my old
also to thin with an unsparinghand,
friend at Sawbridgeworthlikes very much
With such
indeed.
your judges. Kemember
aids it would
and every year you will have the same
be odd if others did not succeed as well as myaverage of crop to rely
"self in ripeningPeaches
for Covent Garden
before Midsummernote, by the natural development of the
on, increased,let me
This
is not bad practicefor a case which any lady could
trees.
day.
move
attend to. The grandest orchard house
if
Should you be dissatisfied with any variety,it is easy to recould not do more
ful
tmheated.
it,and the short periodwhich will render the trees fruitGrapes, of course, would do equally well better,
is the value of
will obviate any long uncertainty. What
possibly.
time and labour ?
such a tree compared to your priceless
let me
confirm
Not, however, to wander from our
subject,
of the advantages of diagonal cordons.
These
are
what others state as to the beauty and excellence of certain
some
other forms, such as the standard,whereby to ;test
There
Pears. The one which has most struck me here is the Souvenir
are
du Congr"3,which
far longerin producing their
but trees so trained are
so
was
beautiful in colour that I made an
varieties,
accurate
sketch of it on
difficult to train properly,and do not, as a rule,
It will prove a good market
are more
canvas.
fruit,
hear of
We
sort for this reason
fruit as those on walls.
alone,being far more
showy than the produce such handsome
kindred Williams's Bon Chretien,and not unlike it in flavour.
splendidspecimens grown on standards,and doubt not that for
I should also think it prolifia,
cau
man
for the trees on the wall near
it market purposes this is the best way ; but where one
did not bear equally. This specimen was
will be found
Pear from a standard
a score
raise a handsome
juioyand mellow
to be strictly
unable to do so.
in
accurate, not without a suspicionof grittiness
the texture, but not to any damaging extent.
hint to amateurs. Leave these trees to market
Let me
deners,
garWe had many
other new
Pears from these walls of cordons,
and to exceptionally
good soils and local temperatures,
suits your gardens for the bulk
grown in pairsside by side,thus testingtheir relative qualities keeping, of course, what
gonal
in the fairest,
for diashall I say the rougherpart? of your crop, and reserve
and, at the same
time, the speediestmanner
and for the very best
cordons
a good place,
walls
on
possible. These it would be improper to report upon, some
your
find or fancy. In this way all exigencieswill be
can
being produced on cordons naturallyof feeble habit,and requiring sort you
another
is required cordons alone will not
much
season, and others not being autumnal
sorts, providedfor. Where
and so unripe. Bat is it not evident that anyone
sorts and to
suit,but they are the most suitable to test new
plantinga
wall of diagonalcordon Pear trees at this time, if he also purand for exhibition. ' IIt
chase grow them for the table,for succession,
that
these
in
conditions
old (asfar as the newness
the
trees two seasons
is
of
sorts
possible
your greatest triumphs will
be found ; at any rate,a vast amount
and attendingto them
with ordinary
of knowledge of Pears
allowed),
care, such as
readers of this
them, which I hope will please some
Journal,and as to such as depreciatewhat they have not even
to

suit

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JOtTBNAL

416

"willbe obtained

OP

HOETICULTTJKB

AND

COTTAGE

GAEDENEE.

[ November

80, 1871.

will give yon power.

ready Mrs. Moggeridge,white,shaded with pink, of compact growth;
Al-a knowledge which
Of Japanese kinds there are
I could direct you to friends or pnpilo whose thousand
Ondine, and Beauty of Stoke.
What
also a
trees,all pruned by themselves,would surprisemany.
Cry Kang, Criterion,and several others. There was
thousand
two thousand
the
or
trees to such men
on
one
are
promising pale rose Anemone-flowered
varietycalled Pxincesa
And
think how
cordon
much
they must know of Louise.
system?
Pears
and
Apples ! Pear and Apple trellises are simply
splendidon the diagonalsystem,though I preferwalls for them.
NOTES
ON
HOT-WATER
AND
PIPES, FLUES,
These standard trellises are
placed in similar conditions to
PROTECTION.
them
the same
standards near
soil,the same
climate,the
succeeds the other will also. Should
Hot-water PipesSunk.
One correspondent tells us that hesame
pruner ; where one
of one
choice sort,then have ten or twenty has studied the pages of the Journal, and has had as many
yoti desire many
cordons of it. Moreover, it has struck me
that anyone plantas
would
have
been
deemed
in
pipes
ing
necessary, and yet even
such a Pear and Apple avenue
this frost of merely 8" or 10" he cannot
obtain the heat required.
might with advantage make
of some
kind of lightportableprotection. As, of course,
It turns
out on
use
inquiry that the pipes, instead of
would
each side of the avenue
be composed of two rows
all sides,are sunk in a trench beneath
of being exposed fullyon
these procovered over
with stones, with gratingsevery 8 feet
diagonal cordons (runningdifferent ways is best),
tecting the floor,
shields could be attached between the two rows, which
to let up the heat,as he was
or
so
told by eminent
scientifio
but a few inches apart,or placed only on
that heat could not be kept down, that it must
side
that
men
and would
are
one
most exposed at pleasure,
both.
In the spring rise and get into the air. We
thus sheltering
must refer him for consolation
shall only say that
in whom
he trusted.
We
they would aid to set the fruit,and be retained till July in to those men
under such circumstances
than half as much
more
more
piping,
position. During July and August they might be removed
and replaced for September, only until the fruit was gathered. we
would
almost say double the quantity,would
be required
M. Andr^
straw thinly than if the piping were
Leroy used to employ with success
thoroughlyexposed.
Another
plaitedbehind his diagonalApricots,and the lightprotecting
correspondentcomplains of want of heat ; hia pipes"
walls which
Mr. Eendle advertises,
but which
1 have not yet too, are placed in a trench,bricked on
each side, and thelving
to me
idea f;:rpuch cordons.
a mns'i practical
nicelyfrom top to bottom.
Acting on the best advice, he has
seen, seem
I must
to be added, only had the pipes painted of a mellow
stone
colour, and in order
pause here,though there is much
mentioning as excellent results of what is here advocated,that that no heat should be lost but all radiated,the sides of the
I had seven
Pears of Belle Angevine [Uvedale'sSt. Germain]
trench have been painted of a shining black.
The pipes ar*
with a grating of iron and of wood, both rather open
17 lbs. This is not reon
a singlecordon,weighing under
markably covered
but
the
Pear
in
let
the
that the
is
to
heat
remark
heavy,
question
exceptionally
pass freely. Here, too, we may
loose in texture, and weighs comparativelylittle. The colour, pipes sunk may
not be sufficient,
as
something like a third
more
would
be required to give the heat of pipesexposed,but
however,reminded me of the French Pears. We had Chaumontel of 1 lb. weight,General Todtleben
they could scarcelyhave less fair play. For the
very largeand good, as they are
Eeurre Superfin, all Huyshe's Pears,Eivers's Passe Crasanne, free passage of beat, the wooden
trelliswill be far inferior to
Summer
Bsune
the iron one.
d'Aremberg, Josephine de Malines, Marie
True, heat will pass off from pipes of any colour,
Dr.
and
and
the
ing
Trousseau,
Guise,
others,all ripe,and growing
slightestconsideration will show that the colouryet
many
I am
the whiteside by side, while the next season
of the pipes and sides is wrong.
No doubt
expectingto fruit a
coloured pipes will feel warm
whole host of Mr. Eivers's very newest
sort.
to the hand, but,on the whole,
There are also here a number
of Plum
cordons,by which I the white colour is better for conduction and reflection than
test any sort.
Of these,the Transparent Gago is one
free radiation.
The colour of the sides is the very best for
of the
best.
have too much
Of Jifferson we
absorption,and thus takes off the heat into the bricks and the
; though fine,it often
lacks flavour here.
We
have a large fan on a west wall,and
adjacentsoil. Make your pipesblack,if even with lamp black
two cordons on a soulh wall,and can
and a little oil,and the sides very white with paint or limesay, without having any
wash ; then, from the free radiation of heat from the pipes,
doubt, where it succeeds best. Many Cherry cordons I have
removed, as the trees grow too fast for this style. Many sorts and the reflection of heat from the side walls, we should be
about which I am
of fuel did
amount
continuallyasked have been destroyed,as of surprisedit the consumption of the same
little merit.
them
in the lists of all nurserymen
I see
the
not throw nearly a third more
heat into the atmosphere of the
other
same
as
but my mind is hon?e.
they may suit
soils,
ever, and
made
Thomas
C. Eeehaut, Michmond
The complaints are
Flues.
House,
endless,chieflybecause,though
up about them.
the furnace bare have been well sunk, and there is a good rise
Guernsey,
to the flue,the smoke
in long flues will come
back,smothering
The complaints
you, and refuse to go along as it ought to do.
CHRYSANTHEMUMS
MR.
AT
FORSYTH'S,
the flues are
in the case
are
of small houses where
trifling
STOKE
NEWINGTON.
short.
In flues from 50 to 70 feet in length,when long unused,
Although
Mr. Forsyth has not this year exhibited any of there is apt to be an
accumulation
of heavy damp air,even
those admirable sueoimen plantswith which he has gained so
the flue is clean.
when
In somewhat
short flues lightinga
prizes,his show of Chrysanthemums is nevertheless the wisp of dry straw in the top of the chimney, and when that is
many
of near
beat we know
London.
Indeed
since Messrs. Salter, flaring,
lightinga similar wisp at the furnace, will often make
after many
railways, all right,as the heavy damp air will thus be dislodged. But
years of persecutionby the suburban
which were
ever
to
threateningto take away their ground, and at frequentlyin long flues,not used, perhaps, from March
last succeeded, we
know of noplace where
and
so
varieties November, this mode
of proceedingwill not be effectual,
many
and
at
Mr.
two
of
are
so
as
standing
Notwiththerefore
one
or
soot
for
them
recommend
we
doors,
well,
Forsyth's.
grown,
grown
the season
is generallyacknowledged to have been
which
when
opened, and a small fire put in,with such an
to Chrysanthemums, the blooms
to be seen
of draught as would insure combustion, will generally
amount
very unfavourable
in his show-bouse
No wonder my
but littleinferior in size and qualityto do away with the evil. One
are
gentleman says,
those we have seen
in previousyears.
We noted the following flue would not draw ; for,would you believe it? on
examining
as
particularly
good viz.,Jardin des Plantes and its sport the inside not only moisture, but even
water-dropshang along
Bronze Jardin des Plantes,the latter being especiallyfine; the sides. Where
from ?"
We can
could such moisture come
Mrs. George Bundle, Queen of England, John Salter,
the last query, but we can
well believe the statement.
Empress
hardly answer
of India, very fine; White
besides from a long
We have had sore
Globe, Alfred Salter,remarkably
eyes and nausea
fine ; Golden John
Salter,Prince Alfred, Vonns, Miss Mary flue that makes several turns in a long wall after coming from
Morganj delicate rink, one of the new kinds of 1869 ; Beverley, beneath a boiler. Free draught seemed out of the question.
G"lf!e'" Tffverlfv
beaded with moisture, and there
Lidv Harding, Guernsey Nnpeet, Prince of The sides of the flue were
"

.,...,..

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"

Wales,Lady Talfotu5,beautifully
quilled;Princess Beatrice,
L.iuy Mdrnam.

ana

Of

Forsyth has an ample store,in which both

Japanese varieties are represented ; but
these are so backward
in their floweringthat we
offer
cannot
We
shall therefore
any opinion as to their probable merits.
few of them.
a
only name
Mrs. Wreford
Major, rose, pink
stripe,
lightcentre ; Miss Hope, silverwhite,shaded with lilac;
new

kinds Mr.

and
large-flowering

had
and we
could be no
free draught until that was
dispelled,
therefore to open first one
and then another of the soot doors,
anit make a brisk fire in the flue with straw, shavings,and dry
wood, so as to heat the flue and dissipatethe moisturo,
and then the furnace drew
well.
There
is another remedy
threatened to be
which
have often tried when
were
we
we
stokehole
but
often
smoked
out of a
though
very quick and
;
certain in its operation we
almost afraid to mention
are
it.

JOUENAL

418

OF

HOETICULTDEE

AND

COTTAGE

GAEDENEE.

[ November

SO, 1871.

reornited by it. The

form in which he prefersto apply the salt until a blacksmith,the sturdiest individual of the party,stepped
is in that of ashes of plantswhich contain a largeper-centage forward, and with a sudden and dexterous springbrought his
of it,ench as Potato stems, Beans, "c., which contain as much
heavy heel down upon the luckless insect,and people breathed
five per cent.
In the autumn
as
of 18C9 he dug round
the
freely. Authors say that it is regardedwith dislike on account
stems of half the trees in an old orchard,which had not borne
of the shrill cry it makes, and the skull-like markings on its
fruit for five or eix years, to the depth of 5 inches,and filled thorax,but in this case
it does not seem
to have been heard or
In the
like
up the space with about half a bushel of fresh ashes.
closelyscrutinised. Probably it shares the indiscriminate disline might have been
a dividing
with which too many
followingspringand summer
peopleregard insects of any sort,the
drawn between
the two sections of the orchard,the trees which
feelingbeing intensified in this instance by the size of the"
had been treated with ashes being forward and full in both leaf moth.
The
is abundantlyproved by the comas
caterpillar,
munications
and blossom, and subsequently presentinga stillmore
marked
of entomologistsand others to our journalsduring
contrast as the autumn
and
with
the
last
is
called
in
districts
came
loaded
few
they were
a
on,
locust,"or
years,
many
barren.
Apples, while the other trees remained
Exceedingly "lokus," a singular designation,and in every way inappropriate.
favourable
results were
also obtained
when
and on patchesof
Though occurringin Potato fields,
aged Peach and
PInm
treated in a similar manner.
trees were
Crude
rather plentifully
seasons
in
potash Potatoes in gardens (andin some
must be taken that it is sufficientlycertain districts,
I am
not
especiallyin the midland counties),
may also be used, but care
diluted before it is applied. American
that
does
it
of injury
PhilosophicalSociety, inclined to believe
any notable amount
to this important vegetable. For instance, both in 1865 and
Philadelphia.
records
1869 there were
of
its
and
occurrence,
yet there
many
diminished
were
no
thereby.
proofsthat the Potato crop was
SOME
PREDATORY
OUR
INSECTS
OF
and the time it
Certainlyfrom the largesize of this caterpillar,
GARDENS."
No. 22.
occupiesin growing to maturity about two months, I believe
I HAVE
in one
of my
would consume
considerable quantityof
a
alreadycalled attention,
a singlecaterpillar
papers, to the
fact that amongst the few caterpillarsto be found feedinglate leaves during its career, but I have yet to learn that in the
in the autumn, that of theLarge Garden White (Pieris
the
when
it
is about,much
of
season
harm, or
particular
year
Brassicfe),
is notable. Indeed, I have seen
some
of these so small towards
any, in fact, is done to the Potato plants by the removal of a
the end of October,as to favour the suppositionthat they occasionally portion of their leaves,
especiallythose near tte ground, aod
which
hybernate. Most of them certainly
enter the pupa
are
alreadybeginning to undergo decomposition. For
before
state
has in several instances
winter,and passing a garden the other day where
these,it is said,the Death's Head caterpillar
of these caterpillars
had been feedingup, I saw
shown
a partiality.It is, at least, well
ascertained
a number
many
already in the pupa state,and others about to change. I that though this huge creature conceals itself sometimes
during
notice this comparativelytrivialcircumstance
only to show that the day beneath the surface of the earth,it does not gnaw the
naturalists are
constantlyexposed to error through coming to tubers of the plant.
The caterpillar
of which we
quently
are
hastyconclusions from imperfectobservations. Upon a paling
speaking,though most frethe spot where the bulk of them had fed
discovered on
the Potato,occasionally
shows itself on
a short distance from
number
larvse
of
a
were
scattered
in
various
is established as one of its food
np,
about,
positions, allied plants. The Jasmine
each one
the prey of the larvas of the parasitic
fly,which is the plants,and also the Privet and the Thorn Apple, and it is
then
other
peculiar foe of this species. There were
found
and
on
now
few,
indeed,
species. As Bennie observes in
very
which had escaped and become
pression
his remarks
the spocies,
since it appears to be decidedly
on
Now, the first impups.
of an observer would
be this^"
How
in
the native species of Soextensively,
indigenous,it no doubt fed upon
this instance,has the speciesbeen attacked by its parasitic lanum
and different Apocynfe before the introduction of the
Yet
further
that
these
Potato
shows
were
enemy?"
the
and Jasmine, to which it now
investigation
proved
foreignspecies,
the Continent,the Death's Head
merely the stragglers.
a preference. On
Plenty of healthypupse were to be found
caterpillar
the food plants; and though the flyhad, possibly,
nearer
made
fruit trees, such as the Mulberry and Pear.
It is
occurs
on
attack upon
rather largerproportion of the caterpillars evident from the habits of the species,that were
an
a
it necessary
than usual, there were
sufferers as might be
not so many
to keep it under, an examination
of the plantsby night with a
of Pieris Brassicas, when
thus
lantern would be likelyto be of more
than searchingfor
supposed. The caterpillar
utility
affected,is smitten with a desire to wander; there is something it in the daytime. Nor would it be impossiblethat this insects
in
its
and
it
understand
that
it
when
should
increase
in
numbers
to
be
cumstance
cannot
so
so
as
interior,
harmful, but this cirwrong
;
it has ceaFed to eat it travels away
to it at the period when
from its food, making
is highly unfavourable
the Potatoes are
at some
abortive attempts at last to undergo its transformation
it has gone into the pupa
dug up principally,
distant spot, and there it dies. I find on inquiry amongst my
be killed by the spade or fork,and others
state. Many must
side with the clods are
pillars
which are tossed on one
friends,that though very few of the springbrood of these caterexposed to the
brood has been numerous
were
dition,
to be seen, the autumn
weather,and as it is not very hardy while in the pupa conin some
districts in the south of England.
the
of
latter
also
most
perish. No doubt it is
probably
The history of the largestBritish Moth
is so singularand
of these pupoo
a very wise provisionfor the partial
preservation
that it ought not to be passed over, though it would be
from destruction, that the caterpillars
when they have reached
interesting
whether it reallydoes commit
a questionfor consideration
their maturity descend
some
depth below the surface,and
any
it is seen, either as
thus are
or
not only less likely to be unearthed
ravages of importance. Yet as, whenever
by man
moth
or
it is regarded by the uneducated
of immunity
caterpillar,
(and animals,but they also secure for themselves a measure
sometimes
the
hard
with
from
much
moisture
and
frost.
or
even
dislike,
too
by
educated)gardener
with dread, it has some
claim to be noticed.
The Death's
The
of the Death's Head
Moth, like the rest oi
caterpillar
Head
Hawk
Moth
which in
(Aoherontia
Atropos)appears on the wing the Sphingine,is furnished with a horn above the tail,
in small numbers, in October
and November, at a time when
this instance is recurved in a way peculiarto the species. If
insect life is almost
it serves
dividuals
stagnating. Still the majorityof the inany purpose beyond that of ornamentation, it has not
abroad as images in the summer,
There are
and this for been as yet discovered.
two varieties of this caterpillar,
come
considerable
rendered
which
some
the
life
the
differ from each other not only in colour but also
of
period
history
Death's Head rather a puzzle to us.
However, thanks chiefly in the character of the markings. The moths, however, produced
to the exertions of Mr. Newman, its economy
has been elucifrom the typicalform and the seemingly abnormal
dated,
are
and proves to be rather peculiarin some
of its detailf. exactlyalike. If annoyed it attempts to drive off its enemy
by
The autumnal
specimens of this Moth are mostly females, and
uttering a peculiarsound, which has been compared to the
though a few may live on through the winter, most of them
snapping of electric sparks. There is not, though, anything of
die without making any provisionfor the continuance of the an electrical nature about the caterpillar
; and though its powers
species. Those which continue in the pupa state until the of biting must be proportionateto the size of the jaws, I find
individual having attempted to
year following
emerge as moths in June and July, and deposit no record of any instance of an
There is only one
eggs in the usual way.
generalbrood of the defend itself in that way when handled by an investigating
of the Death's Head, and this occurs
of the larger
caterpillar
during July biped. But, as I have repeatedlyobserved,some
and August.
while such as those of
are
by far the most pacific,
caterpillars
The Eev. J. G. Wood
the
has given an
of
the
and
Moths
will
account
repeatedlyattempt to grip
amusing
Buff-tip
Dagger
the finger if it is presentedto them.
consternation which pervaded a group of villagers
ing
justreturnfrom church, when
discovered
The moth is itselfa predatoryinsect in our gardens,if not of
of these Moths
one
was
resting on the footpath. All drew back in amaze
and fear, our
gardens, which it visits at the dusk of evening,seeking
"

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l^oTomber30,1871.]

JOOaNAIi

OP

HOBTIODLT^UKB

AND

COXTAQE

GARDE

419

SEE.

to remove
honey not only from flowers,but from bee hives. The faot, ing. If yon have summer
them to the
bulbs,forget
long questioned by gome, is undoubtedly well authentioated, cellar until the ground is frozen up.
that the Death's Head Moth, drawn to the hive as we may supWhen
find
farmers
raise
Potatoes
can
pose
by pUnting a
you
If bushel in a hill,
by its sense of smell,does attempt to gain admission.
ing,
cultivator excellent Corn without hoeing nc
bees had the ability,
theymight inscribe upon their portalsthe
you will probablyproduce nice flowers from this sort of
"
All hope abandon. Death's Head
cultivation.I have been an eye-witnessto several cases of this
Moths
who
enter
here," for should one snooeed in penetratingto the interior of sort of florioultuce. Loretta E. Knapp {Btcral
New-YorJeer).
the hive,it is dispatchedby the slingsof the revengefulHymenopteron and embalmed, since it is too bulky to be removed.
GORHAMBURY."
No. 2.
An instance was noted only laat year where one
discovered
was
in a hive. A correspondentof a scientific journal writes as
Leavino
the flower garden,and directingour stepswestward,
"
we
come
follows:
I was
to the conservatory. This used to have a dark roof,
bees located in a
preparing to drive some
straw hive,and on raisingit from the floor-board just but it is now
common
chieflycovered with glass. The tall upright
and
the
fine
the
windows
I
found
of
Death's
by
loftyparapet remain as before, the latter hiding
a very
specimen
entrance,
the glass root from view in the grounds. The plantsusually
Head ; the insect was quitefresh,and looked as though it had
therein at the time of my visit,
been killed in the most careful manner
possible." Why this met with in September were
which
other species but the one
struck my attention
moth should thus visit bee hives, when many
particularly
although
whose
passion for sweets is as strong or stronger never apbeing
proachpossibly as old as the building itself is so far from
that I am
not aware
of having seen
it before.
It is
hives at all,is not easy of explanation. Some assert common
the Cissus antarctica,
that it does this,because it can intimidate the bees by means
an
evergreen climber,covering the back
wall
with
verdure
of the singular
it
that
of
the
and plaintive
the
to
and
of
a
like
which
has
equal
it,too,
Ivy,
cry
power
means' I do not know
clinging to the walls by the same
uttering.
whether this Cissus flowers or not,but its lovely
If you should happen to pass during the month of Jane some
green foliage,
to be well
freshly-tarred
paling,it is very probableyou will find that it is a great deal smaller than that of the Ivy,seems
studded
with specimens of the moth known
the comas
adapted for covering a dark wall,where Ficus repena will hardly
over
mon
endure
the
cold.
Will
has
reader
his
for it
S"vift (Hepialus
state
a decided propenexperienceof the
any
LupnlinuB),
sity
for thus immolating itself. The
flightof the species, Cissus,which at Gorhambury covered a wall at least 60 feet
observes that
as of its brethren, is wild and peculiar.Stainton
long by 16 feet high ? Near to this are several fine Cedars of
the caterpillar
with fiae clear stems, others branched
feeds on the roots of herbaceous plantsgenerally; Lebanon, some
to the
and Newman, in his recent work on moths, mentions
several particularly
the Dead
ground. Amongst the former were
fineNettles (Billota,
Lamium) as its favourite pabulum; but it lookingones, said to be justsixty-two
years old,and presenting
is also a feeder upon the roots of the Potato.
bole.
I had myself a fine,clean,uniform-shaped
One, on measurement,
found to be upwards of 11 feet in circumference
often noted the ocearrenoe
was
of the moth on palingsnear Potato
at 5 feet
fields at Battersea,
the bole was
and wondered
of this,feeling from the ground, where
smooth as a ship's
as to the reason
as
with a leader stillgoing upwards.
assured that it could be accidental merely. The moths deposit mast and tall,
and the larvje,
tion,
direchatching shortly
eggs during the summer,
after, Following the easy curves of a walk in a south-westerly
feed on
until April,and might thus do a good deal of mischief
and passing through a great extent of shrubbery,
interspersed
with
the
fine
abundant
were
some
Oaks, we again emerge into the park
speciesmore
; at present,however, it is
for
short
distance
between
dressed
excite
alarm.
The
the
to
a
and
the
scarcelycommon
enough
larvse,
grounds
being
kitchen garden. Here a fine Oak attracts attention by its
subterranean,could not very well be sought out, but the moths
might be easily
healthy appearance, length, and straightnessof bole,which,
destroyed by puttinginto effect againstthem
device suggestedby their habit already
some
noticed,of darting at 5 feet from the ground,is upwards of 16 feet in circumference.
in the open park, and within less than
Although we are now
againsta tarred paling,which is odorous and sticky.
It will be worth the while of anyone who should turn up a
200 yards of the garden wall,we
cannot see a vestigeof it. A
the
when
belt
of
and
o
f
Swift
he
trees
is
caterpillar
amine
digging Potatoes,to exshrubberysurrounds it on all sides,serving
it,and notice how exactlyits form is suited for the life to affjrd the shelter so much needed to all within. Externally
it leads.
The body is strongyet pliant,
gular
nearlycolourless ; the this belt of trees and shrubberypresents the form of an irrehead provided with powerful muscles
and glabrous; the segoval, with its longest diameter north and south, the
ments
which immediately follow thehead are protected
by horny kitchen garden proper, or that part of it enclosed within the
plates. The legs are sixteen in number, as in the rest of the walla,being almost a square, and with a central wall dividing
it east and west into two compartments. From
division of the Lapidoptera
to which it belongs. J. E. S. C.
this latter a
distance to the south,and
very largeslip stretches away some
contains some
cold pits as well as heated ones, and the usual
NOT
TO
HAVE
NICE
HOW
FLOWEKS.
appendages of what is called the framing ground. There are
To begin with, bog seeds of all your friends who cultivate Melons and Cucumbers
in abundance at the time I was there,
mind what bind they are ; it is not worth the
flowers ; never
well as good stocks of fine healthy Chinese Primula, Cineas
raria,
trouble to remember
then
when
them
in
the
and
herbaceous
for the whole of which Mr.
put
ground,
Calceolaria,
;
you
of course
for havingthe best strains
you cannot arrange them with any regard to height, Bogue, the gardener,is remarkable
of blooming, "o., but must
them
in the best form.
sow
colour,season
We retrace our steps,and on enteringthe
as
you
have gathered,promiscuously. L^y out your beds in thra grass
kitchen garden are attracted by a largebreadth of ornamental
and dig them all of 2 inches deep, but certainly
a foot.
not over
Bset. This Beet Mr. Bogue has had for upwards of twenty
If this is done some
wet day the sod will out easier,
and the soil years, having commenced
to improve the old kind some
years
will he in nice largelumps. Dig a hole about 6 inches deep before that time, and he thinks it was
as
good both in colour
and 2 in diameter among
these lumps, pour in half an ounce
of root and leaf twenty years ago as it is now
he
;
therefore,
of your most delicate flower seeds, and if they don't grow blame
with sOme
claims to be one
of the originators
of this
jastioe,
the one you got them of. If you happen to send to a seedsman
to the flower garden,though for many
ornament
years it was
for a few binds,his reputationwill be much
enhanced
such name, in the
by it.
simplycalled an improved Beet, or some
Don't pay any more
attention to them
until you see other
Grown
in a mass,
catalogue of Messrs. Osborn, of Fnlham.
of the Inrgest as it was
people'sflowers in bloom, then pull out some
at Gorhambury, nothing could look more
uniform,
weeds and wonder why you don't have any luck raising9owers.
each individual plant being a counterpartof its fellow. Mr.
Don't dig around them
for fe^r of disturbing
the roots ; don't
Bogue, I may observe, also grows it in the flower garden,and
thin out the plants,for you want to get the worth
in many
of your
other places,in all of which it looks well.
off any of the branches,for there won't
The forcinghouses are againstthe north wall,with the sheda
money
; don't prune
be room
for so many
flowers. Don't pick any of the blossoms, and other appurtenances behind
them.
An
excellent crop of
but let them all go to seed,then sit down and say that a seeds" Black Hamburgh Grapes occupied one
of these houses,the
who sends seeds that won't grow ought to be compelled to bunches of which, though not very large,
man
had good-sized berries
it up.
send enough more
to make
them, and by their firmness of touch,as well as by the
upon
Go right back to the friends you begged seeds of last year,
healthy appearance of their foliage,
gave token of keepingthe
and call them
and stingyif theydon't giveyon as many
Each bunch was
mean
usual time.
firm and compact, well coloured,
Of course, they can pay a good price for rare varieties,and justthe size to show well on
more.
the dessert dish. Amongst
and then distribute them gratuitously
with the greatest
pleasure them was a seedlingblack Grape,somewhat of the Lady Downe's
t
hem'
of
rather
but
imaginable
are
aooeptfavouring
by
shape,
exquisite
flavour,
a decidedly
; in faot,
having
Muscat taste,
yon

motto,

"

"

"

"

"

JOXJENAL

420

OF

HORTICULTURE

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

( November

is in any way
of
the Muscat

partakingof

thanking. Neither the house

remarkable,but both the Black

and
with careful and skilful management,
this fruit may
of the border at first,

all that could be wished.

reader may
think
that I have
overpraised
fruit with which
the
the Grape culture,I will mention
a
that
been
is
the
Peaoh.
Mr. Bogue
results have
very different,
Peaches
the
from
walls
has failed to secure
after
good
many
and frequentplantingof new
trees, until at length
years'trial,
abandoned
he has entirely
growing them out of doors,and keeps
in houses as healthy and in as good bearingcondition aa
some
This di"Soulty
in obtaining Peaches on the
could be wished.
have heard of it
walls is cot confined to Gorhambury, for we
it
in many
here
but
was
plainenough. On the formaplaces,

I remember
to have noticed in any other Grape
I omitted to inquireof Mr. Bogne
that nature.
the hiatory of this Grape, but I hope it is not destined to
lingerunnoticed in its present abode, as I believe it is as hardy
and foliage
the Hamburgh, colours well,has round
berries,
as
of the best
The next house contained some
of a healthyhue.
there
this
Muscats I have seen
being scarcelya vestigeof
year,
the crop
which
in
causes
from
places
shanking or spot,
many
would
a person
is destroyed.Such a house of Muscats
many
be proud of,and Mr. Bogus said they had been equallygood
last year, and for several years before that ; thus showing that
more

so

than

judiciouspreparation
be

grown

without

nor

the

border
and

80, 1871.

Hamburgh

Alexandria
were
lest the
But

CONSJiKVATOKY

tion of the last Peach house, Mr. Bogue having a ^ood space
effort. The
on
one
more
of south wall to spare, determined
kind as that
and fresh wrought in of the same
Boilwas removed
used for the trees to grow in in the new
house, but all in vain,
for after a year or two they dwindled
away, and there only
wretched-lookingobjectscompared with those
remained some
and
with
trees
some
under glass
Apricot
by which they were
associated. The Apricot does remarkably well here,there being

also
too early. Solidityof stalk and hardihood are
grown
and the quarters of this vegetableshowed
an
ness
evenessential,
of
of growth, provingthe uniformity and good qualities
that he had not been bo
Mr. Bogue told me
the kinds grown.
successful

with

winter

Broccoli,

the disasters of last

season

family,
proving too much for all the seolions of this numerous
exceptinga few of the very latest. Let us hope, however, that
like the last one will not often be repeated,and that
a winter
checked as it has been by the dry
of considerable length devoted entirelyto those trees, the growth of this vegetable,
a wall
in August and September up to the 22nd, will not
from off which good crops had been gatheredduring the present weather
rains set in.
in the
had been the case
with Peaches
partake of too much
grossness after the autumn
season, and the same
houses,the latest one hanging stillin fruit. On the other walls This was the misfortune of last year, when mild growing autumn
of severe
caused many
of
weather almost up to the time
and Pears.
frost,
excellent crops of Plums
Amongst the former
were
de Bavay, the winter crops to become
Claude
quite 5 feet high, and as tender aa
I noticed as good, Pond's Seedling,Eeine
led by our
now
are
a greenhouse plant. We
worthy cicerone
Drop, Magnum
Bonum, Kirk's
Jefferson,Victoria,Golden
rounding
Plum, Green Gage, and several others,the earlyones having to an open spot in the park, whence a Kood view of the surhere
the former
Near
also representedon espalier
trees
country is to be obtained.
been gathered. Pears were
the
residence
of
the
of Gorhambury
stood,
great
by the sides,as well as on the walls,while there were several mansion
Chancellor
Bacon, and an old Oak is still pointed out as hia
open standards of Pears and of Apples in the west slip.
of
that
edifice
been
The
traces
favourite
tree.
however,
fruit
have,
the
of
for
rounded
surExtensive
or
vegetables
growth
slips
to judge of
too completelyobliterated to leave sufficient marks
the garden on all sides but the north, which might be
Another
its character.
buildinghas also stood near at hand,
called the back of the garden, and in these slipswere
crops of
recent than the one
but whether older or more
occupiedby the
fruit good for the year, seeing that Apples and Pears are very
this season
in most places; and although the crop here
greatphilosopherwe are not able to say.
scarce
noble
in themselves,
however
like
Great
be
that of last year, it must
Gorhambury,
as
places
cot so heavy a one
was
nounced
proare
improvements so
The Celery I saw in the kitchen
not always supplied with all the modern
a good average
one.
prove essential to comfort,and here an ample supply of water has been
to imgarden was most excellent. Mr. Bogue has endeavoured
this important vegetable,
the best varieties
and by selecting
long felt a necessity. For many years a deep well and horse
the means
of supplying the mansion, but the pump
of years, succeeded
in checking that
were
has, in the course
pump
distance,Lurd Verulam determined to dig
beiug at Bome
tendencyto run to seed which most kinds of Celeryhave when

Noyember

80,1871. j

JOUBNAIi

OF

HOBTIOOLTURB

convenient place,which
another well of greatdepth in a more
has been done, and fitted up with improved machinery. In
Mr. Bogue has all that
a
nd
Buoh placesrain water is prized,

AND

GARDENEK.

421

be caught preservedin tanks, and onlywhen these are

empty does he resort to that from the well,as chalkywater is

can

to
injurions

most

plants. J. Eobson.
"

SPLENDIDA.

VERSCHAFFELTIA
magnificent Balm here ponrtrayedis a native of the
Islands,belongingto the dependenciesof the ManriSeychelle
tias,and when first introduced to our gardens,in 1864,was
of Begelia majestica.The
known by the provisional
name
Ths

COITAGE

stem is slender and of somewhat quickgrowth; as it increases

in size it sends down adventitious roots,which in the form of
inverted cone
an
ultimatelyserve to support the tree alter the
of the genus Iriartea of the American
continent,and
manner

^v^i^^^^'^
SPLENDIDA.

VEBSOHiFFILTIA

the planta most singularand picturesque

This plant,althoughsimilar in habit in a young state,
entirely
appearance.
is profuselyclothed with very long black needle-like
broadlypinnate fronds ;
differs in character with age, producing
certain
is
indication,
The
a more
which
and its seeds,moreover,
spines,which spread around it in a fanlike manner.
under consideration.
ing
will entirelyseparate it from the speciesnow
petioleis short,with the exceptionof the large,broad, sheathadd a few remarks upon its cultivation.
I shall now
base, which completely envelopes the stem, the latter
portionbeing abundantly armed with long black spines,whilst
Many gardenersdo not like it,and eay that it is diflScultto
the footstalk is only about 6 inches long and perfectly
I can
smooth.
easily
only tell them that no plant can be more
grow.
The
serrate
leaves are
at the edges, grown into a fine specimen,and that those who failto appreciate
entire,broad, somewhat
difficultto
the
indeed
be
are
of a rich brightgreen in
and deeply bifid at
extremely
the beauties of this plant must
apex ; they
3 or 4 feet high the blade will please. It is majestic
in appearance, and so thoroughlytropical
colour,and in a plant of some
of the
failed to strike me
one
from 3 to 4 feet in length and nearly as much
as
across.
in aspect that it has never
measure
of the peculiarfeatures of this plant is its broad entire
One
most superb introductions of recent years.
characteristicsof the
one
point
which is one of the distinguishing
leaves,
Eeferringto the culture of Verschaffeltia splendida
be thoroughly
must
impressed upon my readers,and that is,
genus.
is
the
heat
and
moisture
true
in
the
of
to
Verschaffeltiasplendida
it must
only
species
have an abundant supply
genus,
although we have another in our gardens which is at present developeits beauties. All growers of Palms may acceptthis as

give to
The

stem

recognisedas

second

species.I allude to V. melanoohEetes.

goldenrule,that the more

spinythe character of the particular

iotjEKAL

422

OF

HOETICULTORE

plantor plants under their charge,the greaterthe ataonnt of

Having proved this to be the case, I am not
water neoeasary.
advocate
of very large pota or tubs for these plants,but
an
preferusing a pot in proportionto their size in a young state,
and as they increase in growth confiningthem somewhat, supplying
the deficiency
by an extra supply of water. The soil I
prefer for this plant is a mixture composed of about equal
of gjoodpeat and loam, with snfiieient silver or river sand
parts

gritty,and not pressedtoo hard down into

in the young state,grow
it,especially
more
rapidlywhen potted rather loosely. In addition to its
tion
highly decorative character in the plant stove and the exhibithis plant used when
seen
young
tent,I have frequently
to make

the

whole

the pot, as I have found

ficial
for table decoration with excellent effect ; and where the artilightdoes not proceed from gas, it can be done with less
of
which
is always a matter
fear of injury
to the specimen,
Cbede.
vital importance to the gardener.^Expeeto
"

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENEB.

f November

80,1871.

drained situation,
work the
thoroughly-

soil well hy deep

rotten manure.
Elevate the bed or
patch a few inches above the general level,plant the bulbs
5 or 6 inches deep and 6 inches apart, and surround
them
with 1 inch of sand before coveringwith soil. Protect during
warm,

digging,and

add

plentyof

winter against excessive wet and frost with a thick layerof

and old carpet-thatched
sawdust,old tan, dry litter,
frames,or
tarpaulin. The three last-named coveringsmust be removed
during favourable weather, and the former coverings
entirely
the plantsappear.
cleared off when
As tree leaves are always
in request,either as fermenting material or for leaf soil,
they
be carefully
should at this season
collected.If theyare required
only as a manure, they may be stowed away in any bye place
and left to decay ; but if,as is generallythe case, they are in
demand
of furnishingbottom heat for forcing
as a cheap mode
different kinds of vegetables,
some
pains should be taken to
keep them dry. For this purpose they should be staoked-up
back place,and after allowing time for them to settle,
in some

[We are indebted to the kindness of M. Eothsohild for the

of this Palm, which
was
published in M. Alphand's put on a
portrait
these

coat of thatch to effectively

them
from rains.
secure
means
By
theywill be found in a fit state far nse for
of this Palm
If a coloured portrait
de Paris."
Promenades
time
Should
to
come.
surface
soil
some
of
the pota of
"
any
Flore des Serres,"
is wished for,it may be referred to in the
Auriculas
assume
a wet
mossy
appearance, it will be evident
where M. Van Houtte
observes," This Palm and Stevensonia
that the drainageis affected,
and the sooner
it is examined the
of
sechellarum at present are the more
majesticornaments
better it will be for the health of the plants. Water
must be
hothouses.""
"

Eps.]

onr

WORK

FOR
KITCHEN

THE

WEEK.

GARDEN.

given sparingly,and constant attention will be requisiteto

insure a fiaer bloom in spring.When
I say constant attention,
I do not mean
that anything very laborious will be required
all
in fact,the success
of
cultivatorsof florists'flowers depends
more
on their attention to details than to any hard work applied
Carnations
and Picotees which
at intervals.
have been placed
"

all
directions and make
See
in suitable weather.
in frames after pottingmustbe
graduallyinured to the weather,
that a store of dusty earth is procured and kept convenient for for like other hardy plants of the Dianthus
genus, theyare
Lettuces,
earlyPeas and Beans, for shaking among
protecting
of
confinement
and consequentdamp. As
susceptible
extremely
and similar crops it we get much
young Endive, late Badishes,
for Pinks and Pansies,the only attention they will requireat
wet.
Dry dusty loam, with a little dry lime rubbish,or old present is tojfasten
them after the frost,
and to keep them free
together,will not only from worms.
mortar
pounded, sifted, and mixed
cold rains,and canker,
efieots of frost,
prevent the injurious
GREENHOUSE
AND
00N3EBVAT0EY.
and luxuriance
but will greatly
improve the health,sturdiuess,
will be the chief featnre
Chrysanthemums,in most instances,
arrives.
once
the growing season
more
of the plants when
of attraction here at present,and where they are largelygrown,
on
Take advantage of frosty
mornings to wheel manure
quarters which
for flowers at
they should be wherever there is a demand
where it will be wanted, and let all spare ground be trenched
this season, they make
a
fine display,
and are worth every necessary
and ridged as soon as possible. Endive is blanched for salad
attention to preserve them in beauty as long as possible.
I prefer is,
and kitchen
use
by various means
; the method
of a close rather warm
are
They
impatient
atmosphere,
very
perfectlydry, to cover with dry leaves and if the house contains
after tying it up when
this treatment, the
plantsrequiring
at one
time, throwing a
to be blanched
much
as requires
as
be placed in
Chrysanthemums should, as far as practicable,
about.
them
to prevent their being blown
over
litter
littlelong
the coolest part where air can
be given freelyon every favourable
in
should
be
and
Leehs
earthed-up
dry
Cardoons,
Celery,
opportunity,for unless they can be rather freelyexposed
still be
weather.
Broccoli, Borecole, "e., the ground may
attacked and disfigured
to air their foliageis soon
by mildew,
Winter
the rows, also that between
hoed
between
Spinach,
See also
especiallyif the plants are bushy and well grown.
throwing it out to 16 inches apart.
Use fire heat only
that they are kept well watered at the root.

CoNTiNnE

to attend to

previous

speedin carryingthem
possible

out

GAKDEN.

when
absolutelynecessary either to prevent the temperature
be proshould
ceeded from falling
too low or to dry the atmosphere. If Geraniums,
this
the sooner
Cinerarias,and Calceolarias must be wintered in the same
kind of work is finished for the season, the less trouble will be
house with Heaths
and other hardwooded
plants,they should
Pruning and
required in watering next spring and summer.
as
be kept as much
possibleby themselves,as they will require
fine
even
with
be
day,
proceeded
every
nailing should now
closer temperature than hardwooded
a somewhat
plants. The
other work which
can
be done
although it should delay some
be shaken out
bulbs of the various Japan Lilies should now
portantand
comfort in bad weather than nailing; it is most imwith more
repottedin pots of a size to correspond with their strength.
ing
Nailto get the latter done while the weather is mild.
This beautiful familyof plants delightsin a good holding
winter's day, but to
a warm
is a cold-enough job for even
with
fibrous loam
a
portion of coarse, clean, sharp sand,
turn men
out to it in very cold or wot weather,and to expect and a good supply of charcoal intermixed
; the pots to bo
them to do a fair day'swork, indicates bad management.
of
charcoal laid over
well drained, and a
FECIT

Planting young trees and removing others

with as expeditiously
as
possible,for

good portion

ELOWEK

OAEDEN.

rnbbly

bulbs only require to be justcovered,

the drainage. The
be only two-thirds
while the pots in the first place should
the
of roots for 2 or
for
as
plants put forth abundance
filled,
be
the
assisted
3 inches
they
considerably
stem,
up
may

a
good time for taking-up and layingdown Box
the surface of
for altering
This is also a good season
garden. It is,perhaps,the best season of the year
and success.
If by earthing-np in spring. Eo?es for early forcingshould
be
for layingdown turf as far as regardsfacility
solid pruned by this time, and placed where
that it is rendered perfectly
see
the ground is newly made
they will,at least,be
Where
American
and
other
shrubs
that
be
safe
rains.
there may
no
from heavy
the turf,so
are
giving
before laying down
it ought to be well
used for forcing,
When
all is laid down
they should be taken up and potted without
way afterwards.
for
in a cool pit until they are wanted
beaten all over with the turf-beetle,which will close the edges delay,placing them
and level down
all irregube protectedfrom
of the turf,flatten-out the surface,
larities.
forcing,or in a turf pit,where they can
where
ness
neatweather by straw mats, shutters,
or other oovering.^
S'^vere
Follow-up the directions given,especially

Now

is

edgings.

the flower

the necessityof W. Keane.

and order are required,beiring in mind
removing all leaves and rubbish to a convenient spot at some
to decompose as well as to destroythe eggs of insects.
distance,
LAST
WEEK.
THE
OF
DOINGS
Dahlias temporarilyplaced heels upwards under cover
to dry,
OAEDEN.
kitchen
See that
should now
be RWefulIy stored away for the winter.
of protection
Ks yet we have found the mode
coarse
Cauliflowers."
plants which may be encroaching upon their weaker
neighbours are reduced so as to occupy their proper places. described as given to banks and borders of plantsin the open
and
been
heads
have
fine
gathered,
that
Gladioli may stillbe planted,but most kinds of bulbs are now
so
garden efiectual,
have as yet suffered. Much,
received the?proteotion
better in the ground than out of it. For Gladioli choose a none^that

November

80,1871.]

JOURNAL

OF

and well
the long litter placedbetween
on
ia not touched, and helps to keep the
the stems, which
The littlethat is laid over the top of the plant
ground warm.
ens
is lifted off in a fine day and replacedwhen the evening threatto be frosty. We suffer least from the attacks of intruders
the plants thus stand in the open air instead of being
when
taken up and put in earth pits.
Lettuces have also as yet stood well ; but as it is advisable
to be safe we emptied some
space in frames, and filledit with
"we

think,depends

up

AND

HOKTICULTOKE

were

423

GARDENER.

COTTAGE

clean d
thoroughly
so until the latter was
lime-and-sulphur-painted.

unwillingto do

out, washed, and

FKUIT

GAEDEN.

beds we managed to get some

of our
By turning over some
Strawberry pots, where there was the slightestbottom heat,
ing,
under glass. We cannot find space to tell how, how by clearpit for the reception of
prepared the five-light
"o., we
Strawberry plantsnext week, leaving it a couple of days opeu
The Strawberry
to all insects.
to get frost,it being also an
enemy
the slight
pots in beds on the hard soil kept well with
covering of litter,and we might have let them remain so, but
by moving bedding plants from earth pits we obtained more
the most of the Strawberry
We
room.
got under protection
plantsthat we do not intend moving on slowly.

and approaching their best.

fit for use
Celery we
was
the weather
for several days and nights when
that the heads might
at once
a change uncovered
severe, but on
out of
be kept green and hardy. A nice piece of Radishes
doors has been kept well by placinga sprinklingof rough hay
them on frostynights.
over
DEPAETHENT.
OKNAMENTAL
and Sea-kale in the Mushroom
Put more
of Rhubarb
roots
The chief work was
having the last of the Calceolaria cuttingo
of
a
second
a
bed,
We
house.
piece
spawned
earthed-up a
inserted in a cold pit,and gettingthe whole of the flower beds
pend
third,and got a fourth piece in preparation,as we chieflydecleared away, and moving against our
unfrosted and frosted
The
shelf
or
successions.
and
small
on
platform
many
will lots of bedding plantsunder Vines, because we felt we were
rather cold is now
bed that we stated had become
coming in
scarcelysure with so many boxes of struck cuttingslaid across
that was
placed earth
nicely,the heat being restored by the manure
The littlerough litter has
pitsunder old ricketysashes.
the ground beneath
on
it,and where a bed will shortly be hitherto
in far
kept all right,and the placethus occupiedcame
be
resorted
We
to.
often
formed.
Many such schemes must
the Strawberries. R. F.
that has cooled too suddenly and is not
have a bed justnow
simpler modes fail to restore a gentle
yet spawned. If some
RECEIVED.
CATALOG-UES
TRADE
barrowloads
of fresh horse droppings
heat we will mis some
afresh.
This will
with the bed, and tread aud beat it down
Nurserieg,anil102, Eastgato Street,
James Dickson " Sons, Newton
giveus all the heat we want, but with a loss of time. At this Cheater." Catalogueof Forest Trees, Ornamental Trees, Shrubsr
"ijc.
of the year the easiest way of gettinga mixture cf droppings Ererr/reens,
season
" Son, Edinburgh,and 20, Bndse Row, Cannoo
Peter Lawson
and short litter sufficiently
dry is to throw them into a
"c.
Catalogueof Forest Trees,iShrubs,
Street,London, E.G.
them with a little long litter. This
compact heap and cover
and so far lose a part
will cause
them to heat rather violently
of their fertihsing
powers, but then you get the material quickly
CORRESPONDENTS.
TO
in a suitable state of dryness. Some of the best Mushroom
until next
remain unanswered
must
N.B."
Many
questions
that
had
of tree leaves
been collected
beds we ever
had were
made
week.
heated
until
and
in
a
so
they
heap
strongly
damp,
placed
last -week,a portion
Through an accident on the machine
GoBHAMBUET."
of fungi,and send all slugsout of the
as to destroyall spores
to
the plan of the flower garden at this place
of the references
M
tea,
All the outside of the heap not sufficiently
healed to
terrace
walk,
Raised
A
way.
These
should
out."
a,
read,
dropped
slopes; D d, Grass verges ;
10 feet wide; c c. Grass
effectthese objectswas
removed, and the central part chiefly wide: b b, Walks
PoUookf
Mrs.
Geranium
P^rtijo
1"1,
h.
;
Mansion;
Grass
g,
E
plots;
E,
taken and made into a bed from 12 to 15 inches deep. This,
2
2, Verbena Purple King."
mild heat a long
as the temperature moderates, will retain a
Bedroojis
Plants
(S. S")." They are promotive of health.
in
Potted
inches
surfaced
with
2
of
it
and
was
on
droppings
being
time,
carbonic acid they emit at nigiitis too tnmng
7 the air. The
They piirif
refer
to growing healthy plants and those
We
spawned, and, when there was no danger of overheating,from
cousideration.
to deserve
fragrant flowers.
of droppings was
it. not having powerfully
half an inch to an inch more
placed over
It is a greenhouseevergreen
varieoata
Baoeriana
(J.vi.)-"
OOPBOSMA
The chief drawback
to using leaves more
freelyfor Mushroom
It is easily propagatedby cuttings
Ord. Oinchonacere.
shrub of the Nat
beds is that they often contain the spores of many
fungi which
directions given lor
The
Zealand.
New
native
It
is
of
a
in gentle heat.
able
bed.
Other
would thrive well in the mild heat of a Mushroom
Cottage Gardeners' Dictionary are suitcultivating Gardenias in the
would
contain
but
the
little
to
as
a
nitrogen;
Coprosma.
manures,
green grass,
the Cnof which
A CuPHESsus
(.4Lady, The Knoll)." the plant referred to is
they are apt to bring spores along with them, many
torulosa,and we do not think it would train well over a window,
would survive a high temperature, and would
soon
destroythe pressus
riegated
tender in many
places. We think a vaand it has proved itself rather
spawn of the cultivated Mushroorr,
suit you
better. Pretty as the foliage of the AmpeIvy would
Jasminum
We have just,on the 25th,pulledout the plants lopsis is in autumn,
there
is the litter of its fallingleaves.
Cucumbers.
growth, and produces a
nudiflorum is a climbing evergreen of handsome
wanted
the room
much
and
from
five lightsin a pit,as we
a sheet
of yellow flowers in winter and spring" in fine seasons
vigorous and healthy,the profusion
mine
though the Cacumber
plants were
white Jasof yellow ; the flowers,however, are scentless. The common
eo
not
and
does
fruit did not swell to our
grow
satisfaction,
partly from deficient
it
its
in
loses
leaves
winter,
is very sweet, but
tlie soil in which
the plants lay on
because
heat,but chiefly
jast.
troduce
inshould
"You
Exhibition
May
(Fresident).
for
Strawberries
they grew. For all winter work the plantswill thrive better
Strawberry pots about the middle of February, beginnrag
your
when
above the soil.
they are trained to a trellisa foot or more
We
rising gradually in a fortnight to 55",and then to 60
with 45", and
used to have Cucumbers
but when
When
we
very earlyby dung heat
should not think of repotting your plants in 48-6ized pots now,
a 32-sized pot,
set
eachiS-potin
thus
the
did
best
free
of
if
the
trusses
found
flower
might
soil,even
up you
alone,we
get your
you
they
the hrst
in
The
Peas
to come
good compost at the bottom.
old hurdles laid with some
trelliswas
nothing better than a limewashed
in January, as they will not stand much
of May, should be sown
week
the bed.
We
have been rather uncertain what
to do
across
forcing.
with Cucumbers
for the
early-springCucumbers
lately,because our
PAlLnEE
Vine
^Subscriier,Co. Donegal)." 'We cannot account
not preof artificialheat would
have continued to succeed so well in a small pitheated by hot
vent
so
Vines succeeding
badly. The want
m
be
advantage
of
A
heat
might
little
freely.
the Vines growing
We
forced ourselves to destroy part and plant afresh.
water.
wood
aud fruit. With your preparations of soil,the ^ines
maturing
Another
is
still
have
let
we
producing so profuselythat
part
rich food.
ought to have done well,if you have not overdone them with
fluence.
The
it remain.
sort is Cox's
Volunteer, a most prolific Sometimes
the planting and
watering afterwards will have great inVines planted inside cf
obtained
A twelvemonth
stout plants to fillthe space, but were
kind. We
ago last spring,we saw
gularly
rewere
said
was
It
they
miserable
appearance.
a house
having a very
rather afraid of them, as there was
division
only a wooden
sodden for
watered, but though the surface soil was somewhat
them
in a pit slightly
heated and chieflyfilledwith
between
the soil was
very dry. A gooa
the roots commenced
3 inches down, where
in bloom.
We
could not well move
the
no
We have
at once.
grounds for supposing
Scarlet Geraniums
watering recovered them
plants,so we put a mat in addition on the cold side of the that this is your case, but it may be looked to.
Fern
the
Manual," price
( CoKijce)."Purchase
a Pit
Heatino
Ferns"
tied some
straw round the wall,and in the evenwood division,
ing
fully in a
treated of more
are
The
British Ferns
office 6s.
at our
put a mat on the glass,and thus we have kept them all separate work, price 3s. 6d. at the office.You will see much about heating
not above 55" on the cold
was
right,although the thermometer
by flues in late numbers, and also in the present. We hardly know your
definitely. If you merely
would advise you more
we
nights. In the proper pit,as we have not enough of heating purpose, otherwise
a fluo
tender
want
to save
plants, then you cannot do better than run
power without making the pipes hotter than we like,we think
for
over
the
it,and we would
a
the
and
plants
stage
place
through
pit,
is owing to coveringthe glassin cold
of the success
If you
that some
conld raise and lower it at pleasure
have
the stage so that we
then
it would be as well to
make
no
reference to the Cucumber wish the flue to act instead of hotbed manure,
weather at night. Of course
we
the
near
side,and return it on the other side. Lay rough
it troubled us we
disease,for when
adopted a similar take it along to
8 inches from
the flue,fillthe cavities between the slabs
slabs across
6
the young plantsreferred
We might have removed
treatment.
and on this flooringplace the soil. A simpler plan
with clinkers, "c
3 inches or so with
cover
to from the comparatively
cold pitinto the warm
would be to surround the flue with open rubble,
one, but we
Lettuces
covered

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

424
the same,
either case
and moist

JOURNAL
and
you
heat

then

an

must

have

when

necessary.

OF

HORTICULTURE

inch of fine gravel,on which place the soil. In

upright drain tiles every 4 feet to let up heat,

Peabs
Shrivelling
withodt
Ripening
(A. K)." Madame
Millet and
Triorophe ae la Pomologie are varieties which require extra warmth
to
enable tbem to perfect their fruit on the tree.
If fruit is not so pnrfected
it never
ripens in the fruit-room.
The juiceshave not bf en so elaborated
as to accomplish ty mere
warmth
the changes needed
the sugar
to form
and the flavour. The requisitesfor ripening, and the chemical
changes
"
during the process, are fullydetailed in Johnson's
Science and Practice
of Gardening."
Heps
Sowing
the
of
Briars
(S.TT.)."The heps of the common
Briar
should be gathered in the autumn
before severe
frosts set in. st'tred iu
with sand in a cool place, and
pots or pans, covered
kept safe from the
inroads
of mice, which
of
are
fond
them.
be
in
sown
very
rows
They can
in the same
in the following ^-pring,
much
as
haws, but not so thickly,
way
about the end of Miirch or beginning of April; and the rows
should be
from
well watered
time to time, especiallyif dry weather
set in. If the
is favourable
season
most
of the seed will germ'inate
; but it is better to
alone for a second
leave the rows
both to strengthen the growth
season,
of those th"t have cerminated
and to trive any seed that has lain dormant
of germinating. At the end of the second
a chance
season
transplant
the young plants into rows
about 3 feet apart, allowing 10 to 12 inches
the plants in the row, cut back
between
freelyso as to encourace
growth
Irom the base; and bud those that are sufficiently
strong in the following
autumn, budding low so as to make
dwarfs.
The
of using
advantage
Briars raised from seed is,that by d-iing so it ensures
ahe"ilthier growth,
uniform
and more
growth, and 'the plants are not so liable to die off
Briars
as many
trr-nspLintedfrom
hedgerows are through having their
roots iiiiared. The plan is likelyto succeed
best where the soil is strong
and
not
suited for the Manetti
stock.
it is not
The reason
oftener
adopted is that it takes longer time than many
to devote
care
nurserymen
to it ; but it would well repay the amateur
who choseto devote his attention
to it.
Jasmine
not
Flowering
(Idem). Is often a shy-blooming plant.
It is better to thin-out and train-in the stems rflther than to prune
back
too freely; and the soil" strong loam with a clay bottom"
would
induce
a
luxuriance of growth, which might very likelybe advantageously checked
by root-pruning. We are not usually an advocate for such severe
sures,
meabut if the Jnsmine
continued to be very shy-bloomiog we
should
try root-pruning one-half of the plant at a time, and thinning-out overInxuriant growth so as to encourage
to lipen,only do not allow
the wood
the plant to suffer from the want of water in dry summer
weather.
Propagating
Poses
Tender
(I^noraTis)."
Roses, Teas, Noisettes, and
of the Hybrid
some
in spring, or
be struck
Perpetuals can
grafted on
Manetti
stocks in heat, or budded.
The
wood
that strikes the most
readily is that which ie taken
from flowering shoots which
have been
slightlyforced in pnts. Teas and Hybrid Perpetuals procured from nurserymen
"

be kept in cool greenhouses or pits with

now,
may
plenty of air
and
light; aud when
they have done blooming in the spring cut off the
flowering and other shoots before they start a second growth, leaving a

small heel of the old wood, and

strike
them
in a propngating pit with
good bottom beat, taking care
not to keep them too close. The snil used
should bo light nnd open,
with plenty of silver saud, and a good moist
top and bottom heat ought to be maintained,
air than
but giving more
the generality of cuttings require. To avoid
mildew, dust with a little
flowers of sulphur if there is any sign of it. The end of February and all
for the operation. The
March
is a good time
tender
shoots
young
may
also he struck, but it requires the care
and
attention of an experienced
propagator, and the Koses are apt to be very tender; in fact, it is our
in
that
Roses
stocks
make
heat
opinion
Manetti
never
on
grafted
quite
such good plants as those budded in the open air ; and in the same
way,
when strikingRoses on their own
roots, it is better to avoid too much
heat.
the
When
struck,
plants should to potted-offearly, care
yonng
being taken not to break
white
the young
roots, plunging the pots in
"bottom heat, and giving air early in the mornings
at first. Repot as soon
as
the roots are showing well round the pots and give plenty of air eventually.
Care should be taken not to let the young roots suffer,either from
too great bottom heat or from want of water.
Climbing
Arch
Roses
for
an
Four
(Constant Subscriber).
good
Roses for covering an arch in an exposed s'tuation
General
are
minot,
JacqueGloire de Dijon, Sir Joseph Paxton.and Aimeo Vibert.
We
should
recommend
tbem
on
the Masetti stock. Many other Hybrid Perpetuals
John
as
Clemence
Hopper, Madame
Joigueaux, Boule de Neige, and
Charles Lefebvre would cover
arch.
an
"

Netting"
Manuring
Roses (Black Edge)." We recommend
Haythorn's
hexfleon
Nottingham net, thick material, especially manufactured
for
protecting fruit trees ; it is equally useful at the t me the fruit is ripe,to
from
it
of
is
better
the
It
protect
stretched at least a foot
wasps.
ravages
in front of the trees, putting a coping either of wood, or better still of
of any London
glass. The netting can be obtained
seedsmen, or direct
from
the manufacturer, Mr. Hnythorn, Nottingham.
The nets should
be put on as soon
the first blossoms becin to open, and removed
as
on
fine dsys.
The netting is equally good for Apples. Pears, and
Plums
for
"c.
as
Peaches.
You
are
Nectarines,
quite ri"ht in applying the
to the roots of your
decflyed manure
Rosea, as well as on the surface.
The
manure
applied to the roots should be well incorporated with the
the surface
should
on
Boil,and not in lumps, and the manure
he longer
and
leas decomposed,so as to act as a mulching during winter, an'^ a protection
against cold. If your soil is poor you have done right to manure
the fruit trees,but as a general rule it is better to apply the manure
at
the surface to encourage
surface-rooting Four ha-'dy Roses as climbers
are
General Jacqueminot, John
Hopper, Sir Joseph Paxton, and Felicite
to cover
Perpetue. The above are not intended
a verv
Of
large space.
more
tender Ro9e"^ to cover
a
large wall, select Mar6chal
Niel, Celine
Gloire de Dijon, and Devoniensis.
Forestier,

AKD

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

[ November

SO, 1871.

established variety,as the Tangerine, Mandarin, or Otaheite,if yon wish

a
dwarf-growing kind. From the middle
to the beginof March
ning
Aprilis the best time to graftor inarch. If you wish to hasten the
flowering of the seedling Ornnge trees, you
should graft th^m, even
if
scion
its
the
stock.
place
on
own
On
all
their
roots
you
own
seoilini^
are
longer in flowering than on a foreign stock, and we
have
kaown
seedling Orange trees n^t flower until they were
nearly a dozen or more
old.
On tiie other hand, we
have known
iostaoce-* of their having
yea^B
flowered within six years.
Hardwooded
greenhouse plants of most kinds
to have
of

be

may

propagated by cuttings.

Dodder
mode
of no
(S. P.). We know
with
the plants it victimises.
interfnrii'5
patches ciise to the soil'ssurface as soon
the patches with salt.
manure

of dest*-oyingDodder without
should cut down
the Lucerne
as
often as detected, and

"

We

and

Camellia

Leaves
Browned
(G, E.)." The leaves are browned by exposure
ravs
of the sun, but are
otherwise quite healthy. Wa
"out
of condition." and all they require is
think the plants are
of new
slight shade from the commencement
growth until the ctose of
is very
Auaust, or if the weather
clear, up to the end of September,
Tiffiuy or other thin shading material answers
perlectly.
to the direct

not

do

Evergreen

Shrdbs
(C. H. H.)." The kinds you name
are
green,
mainly everand we
for such principally. Your list is on the
presume
you wish
good, nnd to it you may add besides,the common
Aucuba, A. limA. mnscula
maculata ; Arbu'us Andrachae,
bata,A. himalaica, A. longifolia,
A. procera
; Berberis japonica, B. Bealii ; Buddlea
globnsa,which requires
a warm
of very distiT"ct apsituation or wall ; Ohamferops excelsa,a Patm
pearance;
Cistus
C. ladaniferus, C algeriensis,
CoUetia
bicpurpureus,
Cotoneaster
toniensis,
busitolia,Crattegus Pyracanth:i,fine for a wall, or
a
sheltered pnsit'on. Eleagnus japonicus variegatus, Eacallonia
masituation or a wall along with
crantha, and E. elanduloija,require a warm
the kind you name.
Eurya latifoliavariegata,Euonymus
japonicns argenteus variegatus, E. japonicus latifolius aureus
varieyatus,E rjidicms
variegatus. Ilex or Ho'ly angustifolia,ciliata, crassifotia. and Fortuoi,
have small neat leaves ; I. altaclerensis,
Hodginsii. and Shepherdi, have
fine broad leavs,
and
add the Gold an"1
^ilve^-edt;ed
you will,of course,
Osmanthus
kinds.
ilicifolius argenteus variegatus, Riiphiolepisovata,
Skimmia
Gorae, Viucaelegantissima. and Yucr-arpcurva.
jupouica. Double
Of
American
Rhododendrons,
Andiomeda
plants, besides
flnribunda,
K. myrtifolia,K. glauca,Sedum
Hardy Heaths, Kalmia
latifolia,
lat'folium,
Ol Coniferous
Pernettya mucronata, Menzieaia
polifolia,
globosa or erecta.
trees of small
erowth, Abies excelsa var. Clanhraeiliana,compacts,
A. rubra
elegans (dumosa), pumi a, pygmsea,
ponica
cajrulei,Cryptomoria jaJ. recurva
deusa, J. 8anana,
Juniperus hibernica compret-sa,
timariscifolia
and variegata, Picea Fraseri Hudsnnii,
bina, and vars.
P. pectinata pygmeea,
Pinus S'robus
P. sylvestrispu'nila,Taxus
nana,
adpressa, T. baccata
Thuja plicata caucasica, T. glauca, and T.
nana.

whole

"

pygmsea.

Quick

Propagating

haws

of the

and

Thorn

common

(W. P.)." Quicks

placed in heaps, or in

Larch

from

raised

are

the

pit in the ground,

and

with
covered
After
soil
thus remaining for a year they are sown
in beds 4 feet wide, and
the haws
are
covered about an
thickly broadcast
inch
be taken
to prevent the
deep with soil from the alleys. Care must
of the seedthere will be some
lings
following autumn
in each
transplant in 4-feBt beds. Plant five rows
6 inches
from
the sides,and the others,of course,
9 inches apart. The seedlings should be about 3 inches from tach other
of the plants in the seed-bed
in the rows.
Next autumn
the remainder
iu the previous
be taken up an! transplanted as the strongest were
may
In all their st'igesthey should
be kept cloiir of weeds.
Quicks
year.
in March
in
thrive best in rich deep soil Larch seed requires to be sown
after they have
cast their leaves the
light sandy soil,and in autumn
out
in
lines
foot
and
a
the
shouli
be
taken
and
put
seedlings
up
apart,
Forester
Brown's
would suit you.
plants about 3 inches asunder.
Manetti
Rose
Propagation
Stocks
(Old Subscriber). Cut onefor
in a sloping
into foot lengths, cutting right across, not
year-old shoots
direction,immediately below a bud, but the top should be tnken off with
all the buds except the uppermost
a gentle slopejust above
a bud.
Remove
two, and plant so that only the uppermost bud will be above ground, It is
of a ridge, and
well
the height may
he about
to plant in the centre
The
8 inches.
cutiings may be inserted about 2 inches apart ; but if they
to remain
are
for budding where
put in, they should be 6 inches apart,
in which
inserted they
and in the August followingthe season
th^y were
The
will be fitto bud.
ridge should then be levelled, so as to expose the
in this,at about
of the cutting, and
6 inches from the ipottom,
main stem
moval
the hud should be inserted, the buds
being put in directlyafter the reis the time for planting the cuttings.
of the soil. November
English
them
about 3 inches
Iris (Idem). Plant
Planting
deep,
situation,
covering with light rich soil. They should have an op"n, sunny
and a light,well-drained soil.
Eaten
Dressed
their
Pods (Cote House)." They are
with
and
Peas
that is, the
Pea
wifhout
the Pois Sins
("nrchemin of the French"
any
tough skin inside the shell. They are known in England as the Sugar
attacks

of mice.

fit to

bed, the

In the

draw

two

and

lines

outer

'*

"

"

"

mentions
them
hundred
years ago Gerarde
when they be young,
he eaten with the Peise
Any of the principal seedsmen
Kidney Bean."
young
could supply you.
our
columns

Three

Pea.
cods

to

are

Geranium

Bedding

King
and

will

such

do
a

and

well

ve^v

Geranium

as

Verbena

together,hut

''

as

Peaso whoso
those of the
advertise In

as

who

Hogg and Purple

rather prefer Purple King

(S. P. ^.)." Amy

we

would

Christine,

Frame
Long
{.^TVouice)."You will want a fair amount
will
well as the doors.
Glazing with glass iu grooves
when
putty or packing with list or soft cord or indiato keep the glass tight,and yet not too tight to preis used
rubber
vent
of 3-iuch
We
think you will need double the number
any expansion.
severe
protection on the glass in the most
pipws, unless you use somo
Seedling
Primula
The pips are large and
well fimbriated weather.
(F. Holmes).
bruised
too much
to judge of the colour.
; but they were
Why
For the ais
Dublin).
Greenhouse
Subscriber,
Cool
for
a
(A
Vines
not send
a plant to the Royal Horticultural
?
Society'sFloral Committee
BucUlimd
advise
Sweetwater,
one
Vines for a cool greenhouse, we would
Vine Border
Maeing
Black
(J.H. G.)."You will find the details in No. 642
Champion, and
White
Hamburgh, one
one
Frontignan. one Muscat
of this Journal.
you refer
two Black
Humhurghs ; also take the advice of the nurserymnn
would
I Orange
we
but littleof tha se^i t-aud. Of all (he
to.
For the borders
use
Trees
prom
Seed
(Inquirer). We are not surprised at your
soils mentioned, we prefer the sod from the pasture field piled up some
eeedliugs not having flowered at three years old from the pip. Your best
months
before being used, so as to sweeten it ; and if you fear that is too
plan would be to graft or inarch upon them scionsof a fruitful tree and
Ventilating

of top ventilation

only keep

nut
inside

as

wet

"

"

"

JOUBNAL

426

HORTICULTURE

OP

sisth better, but the last two might in onr

judgment have been
remark
above
oar
advautajieonsly
displaced
by at least a dozen; still,
in
view.
be
must
kept
Darh hens were
prettygood, but to our mind quitewrongly placed;
the first-prize
Palace hens beinghere second,while they should,we
think, have had their old place. We should also have placed the

tliirdsecond, and giventhe first third.

another
Darh pullets
were
enormous
The

Palace second-prize
Crystal
pen,

mnch

entiy of seventy-four
pens.
was
improvedin condition,

AND

COTTAGE

well shown.
Second
ilOS.

GARDENER.

In liens Mr.
in fine

also

were

[ NoTember

30, 1871.

took first in his

Serjeantson

order,bat third were

usual

hardly equal

style.
to pen

codes were
Gold-iicncilled

a well-filled class,
Mr. Beldon
beingfirst
The
second
and third were
also of marked
very fine bird.
but
of
the
others
had
most
far
too
much
bronze
in
the tail
quality,
Hens
fair class,but the prizebirds were
a
distinguishedfrom
easily

with

th" rest.

birds were
First-prize
small,but very accuratelypencilled.
codes were
small but really
a
class.
Silver-inncilled
extraordinary

There were
while the Palace
fourth.
The second we
but seven
and out of these we have no
here first,
did
heeitation
entries,
cup pen was
not much
like,and think the fourth pen should have had that position. in sayingthat the three prizes(rightly
mendation
placed)and the sole high comthe
The
of the Palace
third birds,and another
third contained one
far
four best cocks ever
shown
given, were
together.
The
inferior.
hen class contained a few very good pairs,
the pri7epens being
Fifth,fair and no more, not quiteso good as sixth in our
other goodpairs,
but the " highlycomsuperiorin depthof colour,which, we may remark for the benefit of
often not understand
essential to Birmingham winners,the light
; but here,again, amateurs, is particularly
down
the birds that many
on
allowance must be made for the number
of the class.
which appear a fine
coming so directly
colour
The first-prize
elsewhere
but very washy at thieiShow.
cocJc
the
which
cockerel
last
but
look
was
same
won
as
a
Ligld
codes were
a
Gold-span.f)h'd
hackle, and feather. Second, very
good class,and abounded with smart
year, small,but beautiful shape,

opinion. There were numerous

mendeds," we confess,we could

but hackle too pale. Third

feathered,saddle well striped,
large,fairly
In
feathered, bat good shape and very darkly marked.
ligLitly
the first-prize
cocl-ereh,
was
leg feather,
very large,fine shape and
saddle white,hackle poor.
inthe
Second-prizedarkest hackle
class,
saddle white,and legfeather moderate, hut wings not sound and some
The third prizewent to a cockerel of very fine shape,
black in them.
also good in feather and colour,all but a littleblack on
the wing.
This

and

which

good combs,

used

to be the

exception.

The

best birds

were

to the front

all the winners being birds of the year.

decidedly,
AH
the winners
old birds,
Hens good,too, aud awards
correct.
and the extra prizefor the best Hamburgh hen went to this class.
the best class ever
Silver-spang led cocks were
seen
at Birmingham.
All the winners young birds again,
and both theyand the highlycommended
perfecttails. We were not quite sure
pens had wonderfully
The
fourth- prize about the third prize
at best a ticklishmatter,and not
; but it was
much
wide.
to complainof.
moderately

bird in the class.

the heaviest-feathered
also well feathered,hackle shady,saddle
of the very best in the class,
but shown
one
very dirty;
and
the saddle was, while wide in front,narrow
the tail. This
over
the best Lightcockerel class seen for a longtime.
was
Mens were
First-prizefine in shape, size,and
very moderate.
was

itirdwas
Pen 797

was

colour,heavilyfeathered,and decidedly
hocked, but not too much, nor
too narrow
comb, and both were
^tampered with. One had a coarse
bird was
the tajl. The
over
good in size,colour mosecond-prize
The
feather middling,
but shapepoor.
"derate,
third-prize
pen had
fine bird,the other quite poor.
The
had the
"one
first-prize
2?"^^f^s
best pair of cushions in the class,middling hackles,but poorly
'feathered. In the second-prize
pen one was very fine in shape,size,
and colour,the other,again, too narrow
behind.
The third pen contained
beautiful bird
one
cushion,hackle,and feather all good,
really
^ut her mate, again,
with a spottedback.
The fourtha poor bird,and
This class was
prizebirds were of a nice colour,but small and narrow.
much.
to the cocks,and disappointed
mot equalin quality
us

Hens

capitalclass and, as in Gold, the matrons took all the

but we think them correct as the birds
were
criticised,
there
will be in a
is no doubt Mr. Beldon's third-prize
stood,though
few weeks better than the first. The singularfact may be noted,that
Blacks,young cocks took all the Hamburgh prizes,
exceptin first-prize
while in the other sex
and in
all the winners in Pencils were
pullets,
were

the

Spanglesold

MALAYS.

judged,but

in

the

being low on the

of which was
made

was
pullets,the second-prize
quitewrong,
legs,and quitewithout Malay shoulders,the want
tail.
a
by
spreading
up

POLISH.

FRENCH
were

good

FOWLS.
class and

fairlyjudged,though

would
we
In the
prefer,perhaps,Mr. Sichel's second-prize
pen.
hens Mr. "Wood was
but the others were
clearlyfirst,
very good, and
this struck us
classes. All the prize
as the finest of all the French
but
Hmidan
codes were
very fine and belongedto the usual names,
that have been seenHens were
were
not quiteso largeas some
very
some
fair,and we think we can see signsof their becoming a reallyhandvariety. We liked,perhaps, Mr. Wood's pen, 980, best of the
but still few.
The
lot. La FUchc codes were
in very good condition,
hens were
fewer still,
onlynumbering three pens. Both prizeswere

very good, but should

have

changedplaces.
SPANISH.

cochs^though few, were a beautiful class,and it was

to have onlytwo prizes
to give.
middling,and we must say were misjudged. The second

hard
really

Hens

were

prizeshould
have

been

cocks

not

have

second,and

first-prize
was

been in the list at all. The

first prizeshould
first given to Mr. Shaw's pen, 1298.
In Golden
but his markings
grand bird for size and carriage,

far too pale. Second

smaller,but far better colour. The firstSecond, a nice pairof promising
prizehens are the best we ever saw.
In Silver cocks firstand
second
pullets. This breed stillprogresses.
both good, but third not enough colour.
Hens were
were
a nice
class,
the lacingbeing good all through. The
exhibitor took both
same
prizes and

them

won

fairly.
ANY

This

three

Crciie-Cceur cocks

hens.

Black Poland

"

The cocJaswere
bird very stylish
and hard
very fine. The first-prize
but not so Malay in character.
bird larger,
in feather ; the second-prize
Coclccrch only three ! First,a very young almost black bird,in faultless
condition. Second, a white,
ffais,five pens again, and well

prizes.Awards

class

remarkable

was

VARIETY.
for four rumplesspens

shown

by

one

exhibitor,and all quitedifferent in character.

First were
a
nice pair
Polish.
In this
Greys, second Andalusian, third Chamois
class the legitimateresult of the niggardlyencouragement offered by
the Committee
in only nineteen
entries ; many
was
seen
breeds,such
of Scotch

as

thenow-increasingly-sought-for
Leghorns,beingquiteunrepresented

GAME.
The
firstprizeBlack Bed cock was
very good in plumage,colour,
and condition, and took the cup for the " best Red."
The second should
not have been in the list at all,having very scaly
legs: he was a good
bird

otherwise,but

this should

bird in every way, and

the first. Fourth
on

have thrown
him out.
Third
a grand
should not be surprisedif he turned his tail
moderately good. Mr. Douglas's pen, 1390,

we

to have had the vacant second place.This was

a
our
opinion
The young
fair class aud no more.
cocks,on the contrary, a first-rate
his positionevery way.
class.
First well won
Second a fine shape,
but rather dull in colour.
Third
low on
the leg,
a good colour,but

oughtin

Old codes were

small and middling class,
had
a
spiritsprevailing
fine in colour and shape,but too much
and with a forked tail. Fourth
throughout.This class did not contain a singleBristol exhibitor,and
rather too young.
tail by far. Fifth a good bird,but shown
The winners
a questionof condition.
Many
placingpens was almost entirely
birds.
Hens
First a splendid
other
a prettygood class.
well placed,
far the best in
reallygood
were
though the second-prizebird
the
and
third
also
and
best
but
second
I^iiUcts
but
good.
v
alue.
bird,
clearly
;
Coclccrels
were
sterling
numerous,
barely average.
quality
consisted of many
here put sixth,the cup going to a bird
The
Palace
capitalbirds,and the Judgesagain pi'hed them out
cup-winner
and
well.
Second was
perhaps a shade coarse, fourth rather slight,
which would
the Yankees
be very good if given what
call
an
eyefifth dull in colour,but the merits of all these birds quiteoutweighed
opener." The second and third were good birds,but the fourth and
was

an

was

"

fifth very poor

absence of any
and none

again,and

the class

generallywas

remarkable

for the

first-class specimens. Hens again in bad condition,

really
but the first and
second prizes
were
reallyfit to be

the defects.
Bed
Brown

cocks were

First a
not up to the Birmingham standard.
far iuforior to the same
gentleman's pen, 1526
could judge without handling,and supposingthe
we
Second
a
good as he looked.
splendidbird,both in

fairly
goodbird,but

"

that is,so far as

in order, and the presentseason
seems
by no means
in realitylatter to be as
favourable to the faces of the birds,which were
means
by
good, but looked very middling indeed. It struck us that the faces of carriageand colour.

shown,

even

these

no

Third good all but his feet,which were

too short
Fourth
in the toes.
the smoothness
good in bodyand limbs,but carried his tail much
which
is
were
gettingsmaller,and losing
2'"'"''llets
fair bird.
Fifth
The
remark
as to quality
too
a
same
desirable.
the
first
three
could
be
high.
general
termed
the
good,
Only
prizes
the good birds being the exceptions. Only the
to the cockerels,
first going to the CrystalPalace pen, and leaving
fault to be found
applies
no
stood boldlyout, beingthe CrystalPalace
with the judoing.
winner, which
The Spanishclasses,
as a whole,greatly
disappointedfirst-prize
and nearlyevery breeder said this bird should
has changed owners,
must in a greatdegree have consisted rather in marking
ns, and judging
and parhave had the cup.
Second rather too dark, but good in style,
out bad pens than in tickingoff the good. A change of weather
ticularly
doubtedly
in legs aud feet. Third
so
hardly readyfor show, but unto the "young ladies of the
may, we hope,bring better looks,especially
good when he is. Fourth a nice bird,short in back toes.
family."
the
so

Blade

which
Jluwhitrglis,

HAMBURG
HS.
here begin the

at the Palace,both in number

with an
old cock in fine

won

and

Fifth
were
list,

much

better than

condition. In codes Mr. Beldon

feather,the others,beingcockerels,
also

again was

too young

to show

well.

first was
clearlybefore all the
rest,having a most beautiful head and neck, and looking a ladyall
Other prizea
tail
little
nice
but
much
too
a
Second
a
hen,
over.
up.
The

hens

were

capitalclass.

The

November

HORTICULTURE

OF

JOURNAL

80, 1871. ]

but too round in

also good. Pullets a fair lot. First-prize
stylish,
in fact rather creepthe baclc. Third had a stncb-uptail,
which seems
ing
in. Fifth-prize
ouf^htto have been higher,and she and the second-

second

pairwere

35

J lbs. Young cocks

and

United

427

GARDENER.

COTTAGE

AND

hens 28
young
States this time did not

lbs. 10
put in an

were
ozs.

28 lbs. and 23^ lbs. respectively,

and 27 Iba. 2 ozs.
The

appearance.

have settledthe two first places

between them perhaps.
cocks were
the winners were
the same
a fair class,and
Ducktoiiig
"which tool: the three prizes
at the Crystal
Palace,but the Judges had
made
alteration
in
the
we
our
judiciously
report of that
saf:;gested
had changedbands),being now
6how, the second there (whitll
put
and the first (we must
in fairness say he was
in conworse
dition)
first,
second, the third beingthird again. On a second inspection
adhere
that this last is the best of the
to an opinionthere formed
we
three.
Coc^cereh middlingonly,but the first prizewent to a really
bird.
fine.
fourth fair birds only. Hens
Third
Second
and
capital
entries ; but the first-prize
bird reallysuperb.
"were
few, only seven

prizeoughtto

"

Pallets,on

the contrary,a
that the same

remarkable

first-rate
exhibitor

class,which

makes

it the more
the whole

(quitefairly)
swept

prizelistwith

three beautiful birds.

Macks and Brassy-ioiuged
need littleremark.
cock class,
and failed to find any birds like those

We

did not like the

The

formerlyseen.

all Brassy-wingedthat is,if black birds with a sort of

grimy-redsaddle can be so called,but we would fain see the colour
distinct. Hens a little better,
but rather poor still.
more

winners

were

"

In Pile cochs the Palace bird was

again to the front,and secured
The second
both cup and medal for the best Game
cock exceptReds.

prizewas

taken

{thesame

which

by

the

same

exhibitor

with

old
yellow-legged

cock

first here last year),

the cup -winner beingwillow.
Third also willow,and again the same
the second
as the Palace third,
there beingnow
left out in the cold,as we hinted he ought to he on
that occasion.
Hens were a good class. First a bird of last year, fine
both in

was

shape and colour ;

well marked.

second and third good

All three ladies had yellowlegs.

but
pullets,

not

so

Messrs. Hewett, Teebay,and Dixon judgedthe Brahmas, Spanish,

BANTAMS.
In Gold-laced,
leftMr. Leno both prizes. Hamburghs, Ducks, Geese, and Turkeys ; Messrs. J. H. Smith, R.
one
entry beingwithdrawn
Both pens good. In Silvers the winners were
and most of all the Game
Lowe
the Game,
too largebut extra well
Woods, and Edward
Mr. Baily,the Rev. G. F. Hodgson, and Captain
Bantams
marked, Mr. Cruwys'pen beingmuch
smaller, but greatlywanting in
; and
Heaton
the rest ; but CaptainHeaton
taken ill and had to retire
was
proving.
"depthof colour. White Bantams were good in qualityand are imIn Blades the first-prize
about two o'clock.
a very neat cock but
pen contained
their heads and earlobes beingfar too dark.
to be remarked for its very
Second
As a whole, the show of poultry was
very poor pullets,
,

and fourth
however,being marked excepSpanishand Dorkings,
superior
quality,
tions.
but we repeat our
The day being dull made
Draycott'spen 1769 ought to have had one of the
judging difficult;
caused
first were
remark
of last year on the enormous
waste of judgingpower
prizes. In Any variety
Japanese,the varietywith
told on this occasion
We were
that straightsword-like squirrel
which we
cr-nfess not to admiring by dividing
the Judges into four threes.
tail,
well as the sickle. Second
which
consider were
but that six pairsof gentlemen
"0
that next year thiswill not be repeated,
were
we
frizzled,
far too largeto find a placeamong
Bantams
at all, beingas large as
will be substituted ; we trust this will be the case, and that if not
receive attention.
Silkies ; but theylooked rare
if not rich, and this may
be merely alreadycontemplated
now
our
suggestion
may even
matter of oj)inion.
The
last awards
this year were
later than ever, and fully one-third
GAME
after the
BANTAMS.
not postedon the wall tillpast six o'clock. And lastly,
were
"
The first-prize
Blach Peds were
a
dark
good stylish
pen well placed, perfect
lightof the CrystalPalace Show, the contrast of the
Third rightlyjudged. Fourth
and
as
thoughthe second were little worse.
marked
was
dens
most
at Birmingham was
felt,
freelyrepainfully
1817 was also a
as
out of condition.
had
exhibitors
good in quality
the
who
visited
and
all
any, but frightfully
upon
Judges
by nearly
Broicn Beds were
and the cock in the winning both.
"stylish
We
middling,
pen,
are
fullypursuaded that unless somethinghe done to
The
bird was
much
too short in the head.
too
this great
second-prize
pen was
remedy this,and to givea far better lightto the lower tiers,
large,and probably pen 1859 onght to have been first. In the
Any Show cannot hold its own, but must giveway to the CrystalPalace,
other variety"class,the first was a pen of Duckwings. capitalin most
We
are
convinced the time has
the universal remark.
and this was
respects,and well shown ; but when examined
fairlyin the light, come
for this matter to receive the attention its importancerequires.
almost every feather on the breast was
laced with brown.
The defect
to any
Few would wish this grand old Show
second fiddle
to play
could onlybe then seen, and apparently
it from the cattle,or by other
escapedthe Judges. Second
other ; but whether
it be by separating
and third were
be
good Piles. In Bed cocks,some differenceof judgment means, we believe it must now do so, unless some means
devised
can
(was
expressed,but we thoughtthe winner well placed,being Mr.
of remedyingthe wretched lightwhich we honestlybelieve is the chief
Eaton's Palace bird,which was
finer in the head than Mr. Entwisle's, cause
blunders"
in judging. While
we
of those "sensation
point
but it was
Third was
reallyhard judgingbetween.
these out, we would wish our
very good, and
opinionof at least one cause of them to
a

better pullets. Third

scarcely
equalcock,but infinitely

fair pens, but Mr.

first two

"

"

"

"

fourth fair,but the fifth was

bad every way, and a pen bearingthe
*'
Great Exhibition " number
of 1851 oughtto have taken his place.
The next class,
again,contained the Palace winner in his then post of
honour, and we repeatour opinionthat he is the best Duckwing, not
Bantam
to eay Game
Second was
ever
seen.
a
good Pile,and third
"

also

Pile,good on

the

whole, but

have to act
in justice
be remembered
also
to the gentlemenwho
under such unfavourable
conditions.
and
officialswere
as
We
have
only to add that the Committee
to thank such of them as
courteous and anxious to oblige
as ever, and
"

assisted us.

rather too short in the hackle.

DUCKS.

PIGEONS.

"We scarcely
consider ourselves competentto judge of the exhibition
Many
disinterested visitors to these
great annual exhibitions
merits of the remaining classes,
and preferonly to givethe weights.
and
showed
round
an
each successive year came
The first-prize
Aylesburieswere 17 lbs. 2 ozs. ; second,IG lbs. 12 ozs. ; have thought,as
well as a marked
in
the
number
of
increase
as
ment
improveentries,
These
third,15 lbs. 4 ozs.
it will be seen
are
actuallygoing back
this
in the quality
the birds exhibited.
of
Now,
surely,
since Mrs.
Seamons
withdrew.
much
Rouens were
heavier, being
be the greatestheightto which the culture of high-classstock
must
19 lbs. 5 ozs., 19 lbs. 1 oz., 18 lbs.15 ozs., 18 lbs. 4 ozs., IS lbs. 8
ozs.,
be
exhibitions must
these gigantic
be brought,and
hereafter
can
and 17 lbs. 10 ozs. respectively.
The fifth-prize,
it will be seen, was
lukewarm
fanc'ers,too, have echoed
It may be, many
the wane."
on
heavier than fourth,but hardly equalin plumage. The Ornamental
been
the
time
from
time
to
expecting
sentiments,and have
Ducks
were
shown, and among the many exquisite the same
mostlybeautifully
kind of
to set in and driftus back to the original
movement
retrograde
Mandarins
and Carolinas we should despair
of ourselves pointingout
stock from which hosts of beautiful birds have^sprung. But no such
the best. It is a pitythe handsome littlecreatures are bo savage when
collections
of
These
annual
is yet to be.
stock,
downward
course
great
"

penned up.

GEESE.
first and second pairsof old white Geese each weighed56 lbs.
9 ozs. ; the young
48 lbs. 6 ozs. and 44 lbs. The first old Greys
were
reached the enormous
weightof 60 lbs.,the second 51 lbs. Young
47 lbs. and
37 lbs. The
were
great difference of nearly10 lbs.
between the first and second prizesin each case
shows what good
effect.
can
management
TURKEYS.
the same
The winning Turkey cock was precisely
weightas last year,
The best pairof hens reached the
364 lbs.,second was 3'2 lbs. 5 ozs.
great,weightof 3S| lbs.,or nearly4 lbs. heavier than last show;
The

into greaterachievements,
as
they are, have stillto grow and develope
large,
for the competition
or
spiritof rivalryhas hitherto been
future
the
dim
but
in
we
confined to fanciers,
fancywe can
chiefly
of rivalrygrowingup than fanciers even
discern a etili stronger spirit
of our
imagine,as to which shall be the largestand most important
Show
is justof
The greatCrystalPalace
poultryand Pigeon shows.
the event of the period.
is bow
the past,the great Birmingham one
both of them,
of the fancy has been put forth to meet
The strength
the little summer
shows, at which the dealer makes his harvest,are
and the attention of their respective
for a time partially
forgotten,
directed to the greatwinter events,at any of which itis no
supporters

HORTICULTUBE

OP

JOURNAL

428

AND

COTTAGE

SO, 1S71.

[ November

GARDENER,

Fotiter liens (White). There are twelve pens of birds. The first
for most of the classeswould
small aciievement to record a victory,
form a little exhibition of themselves.
prizewent to a perfect
gem, good in all points
; the second prizeto a
As an examplethat there is no lact of zeal on the partof fanciers, very nice bird. This class is also very good.
Pouter codes (Any other colour).There were
backward movement
no
statisticsof the nnmher
all
yet, the following
onlyfour entries,
Yellows.
of Pigeonsexhibited will show :
;
Pouter liens (Any other colour).Seven entries. First prizeand
1864.
1865.
1666.
1867.
1868.
1869.
1870.
1871.
silver medal and second prize,
both birds Yellows,
231
400
and good in nearly
565
432
441
546
Pens.. 290
482
all points.
for extra Pigeonclasaes has been
The accommodation
jndicionsly The Pouters were subdivided into ten classes,
and numbered seventyon
providedfor at Bingley Hall this year, by the erection of a gallery
six entries.
in continuation of and in character
the west side of the building,
in for competition
Barbs (Black). Seven pens came
in this class,
with the former portionon the east side.
all of which were
rich in
birds were
good. The firstand second-prize
As a class,
this variety
the best that has
Tumhlers.
Almond
was
in
and
in
The
broad
class
feather,
wattled,
skull,
heavily
good
eye.
First were
neat little
a
heen seen at BingleyHall for some
years.
was
a good one.
and the latter
exhibitor also won
third prize,
pairof birds ; the same
Barbs (Any other colour).There were
only four entries in thia
for although
pair,we think,should have been second on the prizelist,
mixed class.
birds rich,pure, and uniform
young they are good Almond-feathered
Barbs (Bredin 1871). This new
class drew forth onlysix entries.
the highesttype of the
in ground tint,and promisewell to become
Balds and Beards.
There were
fourteen pens.
wen"
The firstprize
Almond breed.
to a prettylittle pairof Beards
(Blue),good in head, compact and
an
Carrier codes (Black). The first prizein this claes was
easy
little too dark.
but the colour was
neat in form, beard well defined,
a
"

"

"

"

.,

..

..

..

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

for
victory

grand bird,far superiorin

merit

to his

competitors.Second

the above in colour,but of infeiior

came
a pairbetter than
Third
prettypairof Balds.
properties.
Tinnhlcrs (Short-faced).
Both first and second-prize
pairswere
opinionMr. Fulton's highly-commended bird was the
good Black Mottles.
excellent bird from
in
loft was
unnoticed
the same
class. Another
of Red
Tumblers (Long-muffed).In this class a handsome
pair
The birds in this class were
the awards.
though few
good in quality,
a pairof the same
varietysecond. Mr. H. Yardley
Eosewingsare first,
in number.
either
showed
of Black Mottles and a pairof Blue
Tumblers,
pair
bird was
Carrier codes (Dun). A capital
first; a good bird second,
of which appearedfar superiorto the second-prize
pair.
from wing disease.
The
but apparentlyit was
two pons of
suffering
Bed
of
Tumblers (Any other variety).
a
First-prize pretty pair
each of these
Mr. "William
of excellent quality,
Siddons, sen., were
Mottles,good in colour and markings; second a pairof Silver BaldMr. Gordon's
bird was
birds was
a fine strapping
highlycommended.
heads. Nine entries.
bird for eighteen
months, but was rather deficient in quality,
yet it is
stock bird.
a capital
the comparative
The
sales last year and this :
are
following
Carrier liens(Dun). In this class the first prize
was
given to a
"
Pens
d.
Sold.
and carnage.
She
very good ben, sound in colour,good in eye, bill,
586
16
0
145
1870
well merited her position.The second prizewent to a good bird,but
0
569
2
155
1871

There were
Garner

fourteen entries in this class.

lievs (Black).A smart
stylishhen
"

head

was

first. In our
best bird in the

"

"

"

"

"

"

a.

down in bill. An unnoticed bird of Mr.

too coarse
mind
Fulton's was
to our
far preferable
bird.
to the second-prize
littleor
Carrier codes (Any other colour).In this class there was
in head

and

rather

"

birds

competition.Three

entered.

[We
Eds.]

must

conclude

our

reports,for

next week.
have several,

we

"

of
no
only
(Coloured,except S'lver-Grey). Cocks." \ and Cnp^ Countess
2. J. "White, Warlaby.
Wolverbamptun.
Dartmouth,
Patt"bull, Albnghton,
Carrier liens (An^vother colour).In this class the prizelistwas
H,
Northallerton.
3, Mrs. Arkwright, Sutton
Scarsdale, Chesterfield.
4, Hon.
headed by a very good Blue hen, perhapsthe best of the colour that
'W. Hornby,
Rotherliam.
he, Admiral
W. FitzwiUiam, "Wtniworth
Woodhouse,
W. W. KultUdge,^
under notice.
She has won, at various places,
" JefferBon, Whitehaven;
has lately
come
Knowbley, Pre cot.
c, Gunson
many
Kendal.
and until fanciers receive more
euconragement to breed for Shurteud,
prizes,
J.
White.
2, J. J.
CocA-frris."1,
DoniLiNG
(Colom-ed, except Silver-Grey)."
Blues we cannot
hope for better birds. Mr. Fulton received a high Waller, Kendal.
Scarsdale, (Jhestei field. 4 and
3, W. Arkwripht, Sutton
mingham;
and also a commendation
for an
for a fair " Silv,er,"
Braekley. he, W. Tyler, Bir6, Mrs. Wheatley, InRateBtoae. 5, E. Ramsay,
commendation
Rev. J. G. A. Baker,
Mrs. Ark\vrif;ht: E. D. Holt, Windermere;
"
The class was
small from two simple reasons
Blue."
viz.,
average
Mrs.
W. Hornby;
J. Clark ; Rev. G. J. A.
Wheatley.
c, Admiral
Big^'les\vade;
that there are few birds of the kind to be found,and so little pecuniary Baker;
Gunson
and
R. D. Holt;
Mrs. Arkwright;
H. Yardley. Birmingham;
Jefferson; J. Clark.
encouragement for fanciers to breed for them.
J.
Hens.
J. White.
2, Hon.
DoHKiNG
except
Filver-Grey).
1,
(Silver,
and
hen
In
class
in
cock
hatched
1871.
this new
Carriers (Black)
5, J. H.
3. W. W. Rutilidge. 4, Mrs. G. Meek, Balcombe.
Ma"sy, Limerick.
of young
birds. The silver cup probably Wilson, St. Bees, Whitehaven,
muster
there was
a capital
he. Rev. E. Cadogan, Warwick; Lieut, -Col.
Lane, LHy Hill, Bracknell.
caused the collection of twenty pens for the contest. An admirable
PuiZfis." 1 and
8, Mias Davies,.
DoRHiNQ
except Silver-Grey)."
to our
veteran
fancier,Mr. "VV. Siddous, sen., Chest' r. 2, (Coloured,
Burton-cn-Trent.
pair of birds belonging
H. Yardle.v. 4. Mrs. Wheatley.
5, J. Drewry.
dotted down
J. J.
Otmskirk;
as
" Jefi'erson.
being in the race, and theyultimately,6, Gunson
he. Miss
Fairhurst, Woodlands,
soon
were
Rev.
E.
J. Robinson,
Cadogan;
N.
OsTiveetry.
c.
Bryng^v^"n,
Waller;
Kussell,
stood the ordeal,and were
recorded victors,and
after close inspection,
Garutang; J. D. liewson, ftl.D..Coton Hill,Stafford.
have
the
and
well
merit
which
won.
prize
they
They
indeed,they
cup
Dorking
(Silver Grev}"CocA:s,"l, H. Yflrdley. 2, B. St. J. AcUers.Painawick4. J. J- Waller.
5, M. Edwards, Hilton"
black,straightand thick in bill,good in S, T. Statter,Whitefirld, Manchester.
birds,raven
are
good-sized
W.
W.
Ruttlidge ; W. H.
G. Gilbert, C axton, Norwich;
he. Rev.
matched
in skull,and are, besides,a perfectly
pair in AUoa.
eye, narrow
Stirling; Gur.8"'n "!: Jefferson,
Denieon, Wobum
; T. Raines, bridge Haugh,
exhibited
good pairwere
by c, Lady Bagut. Rugeley ('2);o. E. CressweJl, Early Wood, Bagshot; Kev. J^
first-classcondition. An uncommonly
F. Newton, Khby-in-Cleveland.
Mr. G. Gordon, but they have not found favour with the Judges.
D.Holt
Hf7fS or FuUets."h'R.
2, J. Horton, Jan.,
Dorking
(Silver-Grey),"
Twelve
Carriers (Any other colour) cock and hen of 1871.
pens
Prt-bion4. Lady Eaiid, Newbjth,
Shirley, Birmingham.
3, O. E. Cresswell.
H
Vaidley; R.
were
brought togetherin this class. Euth the wiuDuig pens were
Jic. Earl of Chesterfield, Burton-un-Trtnt;
kirk, Scotland.
T.
Great
Birmingham
B. Wright,
; T. Raines^
than ordinary
Barr,
of more
c,
Blues
Smalley, Lancaster,
promise,and in time theywill be most
Bridge Haugh, Stirling.
likelyfirst-rate birds.
2, Mrs.
Dorking
(White).- Cocks." I,Miss Fairhurst, Woodlands, Ormskirk.
taken by a graceMisses
Newport,
Pouter cods (Ked). The firstprizeand cup were
ful
Cotes, Woodcote,
3, The
Hayne, Fordington, Dorchester.
colour
and
also
and
Salop, he Mif^a Fairhurt;t {'J):J. Kobiuson, Garstang.
bird in shape
carriage;
markings were
very
Sand
Mrs.
J.
Rohinsun.
Hayne.
2,
Dorking
(White)" Bctis or PuUeis."l,
good. He measured 10 J inches by 7 inches in leg,and was trulya fine he, J. Cboyce, Pinwall Grance. Atherstone.
chester.
l and
second with a good bird in form and
was
end
BnS)"Cocks.
5, W. A. Taylor, ManCochin-China
(Cinnamon
specimen. Mr. F. Gresham
3. Lady G^vydyr, Stoke
Bii-mingham.
2, H. Llovd, jun., HimOsworth,
seven
carriage,of great length,but of a poor colour. There were
/tc,H. louiiiubon, Gravelly
Park, Ipswich. 4, J Michel, 'Jimperley, Cheshire,
entries.
"
G.
A.
Perrin,
Chautilly,
W.
H.
LoughH. Lluyd, jun.;
Hill, Birmingham;
hen
of symmetrical linstown, Ireland.
Politer lieiis
(Ked). First was a very stylish
1,5,and Cnp. W. A. Taylor.
and T^mS]" Cockerels."
(Cinnamon
Coohin-China
and good carriage. An excellent bird, good in carriage,
proportions
3, H. Tomlinson.
4, Mrs. AllaopiJ.Hindlip Hall.
2. G. H. Procior, Durham.
and length of feather and legwas second,but she had two much
Ling%vood, Burking, Neeiiham
he, Heniy
Worcester.
Gwydvr.
girth,
6. Lady
*'
The
Birminf;ham.
c. Lady
P.
Kidjngton,
W.
hvlnnd,
Fedlands,
the wing."
Market;
rose
on
R. Alien, The
Grang--. Erdington ; H. Lloyd, jun.; W. A. Taylor;
Gwydyr;
a good specimen,
Pouter codes (Blue). First on the listwas
though Mrs.
R. White, Shirebrook. tihtffieifl.
caressing
rather too gay in markings. This bird wants a little more
and Buff)." Hens."
1, Mtp. Wilkm. Bootle. CamCocHiN-CniNA
(Cinnamon
4, Henry
in a show
Hebden
Bridge. 3, W. A. TuyU-r
show himself and be more
at home
forth.
2, H. Lacy, Lacy House,
in order that he may
St. Loe, Bristol ; J.
T".H. Lloyd, jun. he, Misw J. Milward, Newtou
Lmgwood.
pen.
Hall. Keighley ; H. Lloyd, jun.
Catiell. Birmingham; C. Sidgwick. Ryddlesden
the
to
mind
but
our
first,
Pouter liens(Blue). A grand bird was
The Priorv, f-hrt wsbury.
c, T. Groves.
2, W. A.
CocHJN-CniNA
(Cinuonion and Buff)." pHi/f*s."l, Henry Lmgwood
bird was
preferable.
second-prize
G. J. Bloodworth,.
Gwydyr.
P. Kylund.
4, H. Allen.
5, Ladv
3. W.
Tayk-r
biid good in all points,
and
a
Pouter codes (Black).First was
Cheltenham,
he, Mrs. AUsopp ; W. A. Burnell, Souihwell. Noi ts ; W, A. Taylor,
the
former
littleinferior
to
one.
Wilkin.
excellent
Mrs.
W.
:
second an
Sunday, Kadcliffc-on-Trent
Lingwood
specimenvery
;
c, Henry
and Piirtridge-feathered)."CocA-s." 1,T. Stretch, OrmeCocniN-CniNA
(Brown
hen first,
Pouter hens (Black).A splendid
pressedclosely
by avery
2, G. Liinib. Cnnipiou, Wulverbampion.
3, J. K. Fowler, Ajlesbury,
kirk.
showy bird.
eh. Salop, c, R Allen.
rii. Whitchui
he, E. Tudm
E. Tudman,
find an entry of seventeen
Pouter codes (White). In this class we
CncniN-CmNA
(Bro\sn ai.d Partridge Ft-atheve'il-Cocl-crcls"l,
J.
K.
Fowler, Preb, ndal Farm, Aylesbury
Whiichuroh.
Salo... 2,
Ash Grove.
and several of them
of which
first-classspecimens,
are
most
bii'ds,
Market
Needhum
Creeting,
he. H. Lingwood,
3. C.
Siduwick, Ktighl.y.
those
and
graceful Suffolk; W. A. Tavlor, Manchester.
possessing
perfectmodels of the Pouter; pure,
o
m
.i
2,
The foremost
stock.
and elastic movements
CocniN-CniNA
so characteristicof high-cla'-s
(Brown and Partridge Feathered)."HfH/i."l. E. Todmnn.
c, W. A. Taylor : H. Lingwmid.
W.A.Taylor.
3, R. /Vlb n. Erdington.
placewas taken by a very fine showy bird,but a littletoo coarse
E.
Tudman.
1
,
Feathercd).-P)W/f/s."
and
CocniN-CiiiNA
Hartridge
(hrowu
torious
meriin girtb. A capital
bird was
a
second. The whole class was
2, W. A. Taylor. 3, d. K. Fowhr.
ci
t
i
i
t
J.
CocHiN-CHiNA
one.
(White).-Coc/cs." 1, R. Smalley, Lancaster. 3, Sichol, Larls
were

DoRKiNfl

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

,"

"

"

"

"

"

t-

"

"

November

80,1"71. ]

JOURNAL

OP

HORTICULTURE

Hill, Timperley, Cheshire. S, J. Eloodworth, Cheltenham,

he, E. Fearon,
Whifehaven.
CoCHiN-CiiXNA
(White)." CocfcereZs."l,
R. Chase. Wylde Green, Birmingham.
2, A. J. E. Swindell, Heathland, Stourbi-iilgQ.
3. P. ColliDs, Uaventry.
he, W
A. Taylor: R Chase,
J. Bloodworth.
c, E. Fearon;
Coohin-China
Place,
(White)."Hens." I. J. Sichol. 2, G. H. Proctor, Market
Durham.
he, Misa Hales, Cantfrbury.
3, R. Chnse.
Coohin-China
{White)." Pulh'ts.~l, Mrs. Williamson. QueenihorouEth Hall,
Leicester.
2, J. Bloodworth.
he, R. Chase,
S, E. Fearon.
c. Miss Hales; A.
Mrs. Williamson; E. Fearon.
B.Cochrane;
Brahma
Pootras
"1 and Cup, W. A. Taylor. 2, T. F. Ansdell,
iDark)." Cot:fc."t
Cowley Mount, S'. Helen's, Lancabhire.
S. H. Lacy, Heoden
Bridge, he. Hon
Miss D. Pennant, Penrhvn
Mr'^. Hurt. Ashby-deCastle, Bangor, North Wnles:
la-Zouch; J. H. Dawea, Birmingham;
Rev. J. Bowen, Talgarth; H.Lingwood-L. Wright, Kiug down
; J. H. Dawes.
Beahmi
Pootras
(Dark) "Cockerels."
IjHoji.Mts. A. B. Hamilton, Ridgmont,
"Wobiirn. Beds.
2, E Ensor. Alfred Hill. Bristol. 8. R. Br.wnlie, Kirkcaldy.
Stoke
Hazeiwell
4, Lady Gwydyr.
Hall, King's
Park, Ipswich. 5. J. Watts,
he. Rev.
Hf'ath, Birmingham.
Wolverhampton,
6, E Pritchard. Tettenhall.
J. Bowen
(2t ; .1 K. Fowler
(2 ; W. Haru'reaves,
; Rev. E. Alder (2); Lady Gwydyr
HuttocU
House,
E. Kendiick, jun.,Weeford
Top,Bacup;
Liclifleld;L. Wriyht
;
Hon.
Mrs
A
E. Hamilton;
W
Arkwright, Sutton
Scarsdale, ChestRrfield;
Hon.
Miss
D.
Countess
of HaddinHton,
Coldstream, N.B. ; J. H. Dawe-i:
Pennant,
Rev. E. Alder; J. W.
c, H.
Ling wood ; F. Sabin. Birmingham;
Morison.
G. Maples, iun.,Wavertree, Liverpool;D. Harris, Merthyr
ICii-kciildv:
Tydvil; T. F. Ansdell.
PooTRA
Brahma
(Dai'k)"fl'cTis."l. H. Lacy. 2 and 3, T. F. Ans-lell. /iC,Lady
W.
St.
Gwydyr;
H^irgreavps; W. Whittaker,
Belper, Derby; J. H. Wilson.
Bees. Whitehaven
; H. B. Morrell, Clyro,Radnorshire,
; Mrs.
c, T. F. Ansdell
Hurt.
Bbahma
Pootra
3 and
5, W.

AND

GARDENER.

429

Polish
2, S
(Black,with White Crests)."Cocfcs."l, W. Gamon, Chester.
Shaw, Halifax,
he, P. Unswurth.
Polish
(Black, with White
T. P. Edwards,
Crests).-Hens or PuUets.-l,
Lyndhuret, Hants.
2, T. Dean, Keighley.
he, S. Shu.w, Staiuland, HaUfax.
*

c, T. P. Edwards.
Polish
(Golden)." Cocfcs.

Chester.
he, T.
1, W. Gamon,
2, H. Beldon.
M. NichoUa, Peel,Isle of
Man.
K. Patrick, West
c, W.
Winch, Lynn.
Polish
Pullets"
or
(Golden)." Hchs
2, J. Scotson, Little
1, H. Beldon.
Byrom, Lowt
n.
he, W. K. Patrick ; T. Waddington.
e, W. Harvey, Sheffield.
Polish
(Silver)."Cocfcs." I :ind Cup, G. C. Adkins, The Lightwooda, Birmingham.
2, W. Gamon.
3 and he, G. C. Adkins.
c, T. Dean. Keighley.
Polish
(Silver)."Hens or Pullets.-l and 2, G. C. Adkins.
he,G. C. Adkins ;
W. Gamon.
Any
Variety.other
of Dartmouth.
3, J.
1, A. Gibb, Ayr. 2, Countess
Drewrv. Burton-on-Trent.
Hall, King's H*- ath ; N.
he, J. Watts, Hazlewell
Cook, Chowbent, Manohester;
Rev. A. G. Bro'ike, The
Rectory, Shrawardine,
Salop: Mrs. Harvey, Ediuburgh. c, Mrs. Blay, liregory's tiank,Worc-'Ster
(2).
Game
(Black-breasted Reds)." Coc/m." 1. Cup, and Extra, added
by Messrs.
M. Billing.
St. Bees,
Son, "v Co., J. Forsyth. Wolverhampfon.
2, J. H. Wilson,
Whitehaven.
4, J. Mason, St. John's,
3, C. Chaloner, Whitwell, Chesterfield.
Worcester,
he,G. Chaloner; J. Mason,
c, W. H. Stagg, Netheravon, Pewsey;
J. H. Bradwell. Southwell
; J. H. Wilson.
Gamf,
Cockerels."
J.
I,
Reds)."
(Black-breasted
Douglas, Clumber, Worksop.
S and
Stowiriarket.
5. C. '"Chaloner. 4, P, A. Beck, Guilsfield,
2, S. Matthew,
Welshpool, he. S. Beighton, New Inn, Farasfield, Nottingham; J. Forsyth.
e, P. A, Beck ; A. Gibb ; B. Jarvis, Mansfield.
Game
2, G.
(Black-breasted Reils).-He7M."
1, W. J. Pope, Biggleswade.
Lucas, Pleasley Hill, Mansfield.
3, J. H. Wilson,
c, H. Gibson, Bruckenhurst,
"

Waddington, Fc.iscowles, Blackburn, Lancashire;

Lymington.
Pullets."
{X)a.Tk)."

2, H. P, Moor, Chippenham.
I, L. Wright.
he, W.
6, Hon. Mrs. A. B. Hamilton,
P. Moor;
G. F. Whitehouse,
ham:
BirmingM.
H. B. Morrell, Cae Mawr,
Clyro, Radnorshire;
Leiio, Dunstable,
L.
E.
W.
Rev.
Alder
H.
Beds;
Arkwright;
Wrigbt (2);
(2);
Lingwood. Suffolk;
Mrs. Hurt,
Hargreaves, Huttock
Top, Bacup ;
; W.
c, F. Sabin ; Birmingham
L. Wrifiht.
Brahma
Pootra
2, .T. R. Rodbard, Wrington,
(Light)"Cocfcs."l, M. Leno.
Bristol.
J.
Guildford,
he.
H.
Par"S,
Postford,
Dowseit,
3,
Pleshey, Essex;
H. M. Maynard,
Holmewood,
Rvde, I^le of Wight; J. Beach, Coven, Wolvei*Leicester.
liampton.
c, J. Paves
; Mrs. Williamson,
^ Brahma
Williamson.
Pootha
(Light). Cockerels. 1, M. L^-no. 2, Mrs
3, R.
Fulton. Deptford, London.
he. Dr. D. C. Campbell, Brent4, J. R. Rodbard.
Stoke
"wood, Essex; J. Lung, Plymouth,
Bishop,
c, W. E. George, Downside,

Game
Matthew.
Halifax.

Bristol.

Ward.
Cheshire,
e. J. Wood.
1, J.
Game
and
other
Reds, except Black-breasted). Pullets.
(Brown
4, J.
Mashiter, Ulverston
2, J. Carlisle, Earby, Skipton. 3, G. F. Ward.
Wood.
he, C. W. Brierley.
5, E. Avkrovd.
H. M. Julian,
Game
(Duckwines, and oiher Greys and Blues)." Coc7""l,
Hu'l.
2 and ?, S. Matthew. Stowraarket.
4, G. Lucas, Mansfield.
1 and
3, S.
Game
(Duckwings, and other Greys and Blues). Cockerels.
4. E. Aykroyd.
Maahew.
2, C. Chaloner, Whitwell, Chesterfield.
pool.
Hens.
Game
i,J. Good^vin Liver(Duckwings, and other Greys and Blues)
2, H. M. Ju ian. 3, J. Frith, Chatsworth, Bakeweil.
Game
and other Greys and Blues).- P.iiZefs.- 1, 2, and 3, J.
(Duckwings,

and

Arkwright. 4
Baker, Etches, Whitchurch, Salop

; H.

"

"

Brahma
Pootra
Hill. 2, J. R. Rodbard.
1, F. Crook, forest
(Light).~H(?ns."
c, J. Bpach
; H. M. Maynard.
5, R. Allen. ErdingtoQ. he, H. Dowsett.
BaAHMA
PuOTRA
1, Mrs. Williamson.
2, F. Crook,
3, J. R.
(Light) "Pullets."
Rodbard.
he, A. Herbert
4, A. Herbert, Fgham.
(2). c, Misa
; H. i\I.Maynard
Hales, Canterbury ; Countess of Haddington ; Mrs. Williamson.
Coc/irs"1. Rev.
A.
Malay."
G. Brooke, the
Rectory, Shrawardine, Salop.
2, W. B. Payne. Shrewsbury.
Malay."
CocfcfreZs."l,W. Shaw, Birmingham. ' 2, Rev. A. G. Breoke.
Malay."
Hens."
1,W. B. Payne, Shrewsbury.
2, Rev. A. G. Brooke,
he,W.
Lort, King's Norton, Birmingham.
Malay."
PitZIets. 1, T. Hollis, Twyford
2, W. Lort.
Cocfcs." 1. W. R Park, Abbotsmeadow,
Creve-Cceurs."
Melrnse.
2, .T.Sichel,
Timperley.
3, W. Dring, Faversham,
he, C. H. Smith, Radcliffe-on-Trent ; R.
B. Wood,
Uttoxeter; W. Blinkhorn, Waterdale, St. Helena,
e, Mrs. Wilkin,
Bootle, Carnforth.
Uttoxeter.
GRS.y-E.-CcE.VRB." Hem
or Pullets." 1,R. B. Wood,
2, W.R.Park.
Woodhe, Hon. H. W. Fitzwilliam, Wentworth
3, J. J. Maiden, Biggleswade,
J. Maiden.
J. Sichel; C. H. Smith;
ihouse, Rotherham
; H. Wvndham;
HouDANS."
Cocfcs." 1 and 3, R. B. Wood.
2, W. 0. Quibell,Newark,
he,
Countess
of Dartmouth,
Patshull, Albrighton. c, Mrs. H. N. Try, Hartohill,
-

COTTAGE

Atherstone.
HotJDANS

"Hens
Pullets." I, W.
O. Quibell.
or
2, C. Morris, Grassendale,
Liverpool.
3, E. B. Wood,
he, W. Dring; J. Drewry, Burton- on-Trent; C.
Morris
; W. O. Quibell (2).
Cocfcs "1. J. K. Fowler.
Li Fleche."
2, Hon. C. W. Fitzwilliam.
La FvE.oBB."He"is
orPullets""l, S. A. Wyllie,East Moulsey. 2,G. A. Stephens,
Dublin.
Spanish."
Cocfcs.-l,H. " J. Wilkinson, Earby, Skipton. 2. Hon. Miss D.
he, Mrs.
3. H. Yardley. Birmingham,
Pennant. Penrhyn Castle, Bangor
Miss O. Pennant
F. Sillitoe,
Wolverhampton.
Allsopp, Worc-'Ster : Hon.
; J
1 and
Cockerels.
Spanish.
Cup. J. H. Raby, Great Witley, Stourport.
4. A MoUons,
Standiford,
% Hon. iviissD. Pennant.
3, P. H. Jones, Fulham.
6, E. Jones,
Wolverhampton.
5, R. Jackson, Fiochtteld, Wulverhampton.
Miss
D.
he. Miss F., Brown, Chardleigh Green, Chard ; Hon.
Clifton, Bristol,
hampton;
Standiford, Wolver(2); J Walker,
Mrs. Allsopp (2); E. Jackson
Pennant;
T. Bamfield, Clifton, Bristol ; A.
Mrs. Hyde(ii); H, " J. Wilkinson;
Motions,
(21; N. Cook, Chowbent, Miintihester : C. W. Brierley,
c. A.. Mollona
; W. R. Bull,Newport
Middleton, Manchester
; J. Walker
; J. Stephens, Walsall
"

"

Pagnell,
Spanish."

2, H. Beldon, Bingley. 8,H. F.

1, Hon. Miss D. Pennant.
he, C. W. Brierley.
PtiUets
3. E. Jones.
4, J. Walker.
l,W. R Bull. 2, Mrs. Hyde.
D.
Walker
Hon.
Pennant
J.
Miss
;
c, Hon. Miss D.
;
; E Jones,

Hens."

"Cooper, Walsall,
Spanish."

he, A. MoUons

Pennant.
Hambuhghs
ISTew Brighton.
Hamburghs

(Black). "Cocfcs."l. H. Beldon, Eingley. 2, J. Statter, Uplands.

c. Rev.
S,n. Sidgwick. he, Mrs. R. B. Moore, Wolverhampton,
Bnraeil
(Black)" Hens
Acton

or

"

"

"

Preston.
Hamburghs

1 and 2, J. Buckley, Taunton, Ash4. H. Beldon.

ton-under-Lvne.
3, W. A. Hyd", Hurst, Ashton-undeT-LTne.
(2); N.
7ic,W. A. Hyde; J. Stntter; T. Blakeman, Tetteahal!, Wolverhampton
E. T. Gardom,
Newcastle; J. W. Will, Errol;
Marlor, Denton, Manchester;
H. Pickles, jun. ; D. Lord.
Hamburghs
(Golden-spangled)." Hens or Pullets." 1 and Extra, given by Mr.
J
A. Hyde,
James
Watts.
RoUinson, Lindley, O ley. 2, J. Buckley.
3, W
Manchester,
4. N. Marlor. Denton,
he, H. E. Emberlin, Oadby; C.
Hurst.
Reans, Wolverhampton
; D. Lord,
c, H. Beldon.
Plimley,Whitmore

(Gi Iden-spangled). Cocks.

"

"

Cocfts." 1 and Cup, H. Picltles,jun. 2, AehHamburghs

(Silvr-spangled)."
ton " Booth, Broadbottom,
Mottram, Manchester.
8, J. Fielding, jun.. New" Booth;
H. Beldon.
" Booth,
church.
he, J. Fielding; Aahton
4, Ashton
Mitchell.
G.
H.
Beldon;
c,
Hens
or
Pullets." 1 and 3, H. Beldon.
2, G.
Hambubghs
(Silver-spangled)./ic,Ashton " Booth;
Chardeigh
Green, Chard,
Mitchell.
4, Miss E.Brown,
c, G, Walters,
J. W.
Will; G. Mitchell: J. D. Clark; Miss E. Browne,
Manchester.
Worcester; J. Fielding,Newchurch,

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

Goodwin.
Game
Blacks and Brassy-winged,except Grey)." Cocfcs." 1 and 2,E. Kendnck,
3. Capt. W. G. Webb, Tamwonh.
jun., Lichfield.
1 and 2
or Pullets."
Game
(ulack^i and Brassy-winged, except Grey)."Hens
Capt. W. G. Webb.
3, i^.Russel, Oswestry.
2. Cup, and Medal, C. W. Enerley. 3, J.
Game
(White and Piles}."C'ocfcs."l,
Frith,
7ic,W.Suteliffe. c, J. Sunderland ; J.Fletcher.
1 and 2 C. W. Brierley. S, B.
or Pullets."
Game
(White and Piles)."Hens
Jarvis, Mansfield.
Bantams
(Gold-laced)." 1 and 2, M. Leno.
Bantams
(Silver-laced)."1 and 2, M. Leno.
2, J. Bloodworth.
c, Rev. F.
1, H. Beldon.
Bantams
(White, Clean-legged)."
Tearle, Newmarket.
2,
Bantams
(Black, Clean-lpgged)." 1. Rev. G S. Cruwys, Tiverton, Devon.
4,J. Walker.
E. Cambridge, Gotham, Bristol.
3,Miss G. Ridgway, Dewsbury.
he, H. Draycott.
Leicester.
2, Hon.
Bantams
(Any variety except Game)." 1,Mrs. Woodcock,
Spa. he, J. Sichel; F. H. Paget, Eirstall,
C. E. Finch, The
Bury, Leamington
'

"

Southwell, Notts.
Bantams
Game
(Black-breastedReds)."!, H. Shumach.
4, J. Eaton,
Brokenhurst.Lyraington.
3, J. W. Monds, Rochdale.
Farnsfield.
5, E. Fearon, Whitehaven.
i.
S. Beighton.
and
Black-breasted)."!,
other Reds, except
Game
B*ntams
(Brown
Farnsfield
2, G. E, Meredith, Ightfield.Whitchurch.
Adams,
Ipswich. 2, J. Eaton.
1, W.
Game
Baniams
(Any other variety).8, S. Deacon, jun.,Oundle.
,
o
t'
",
Bantams
(Black-breastedand other Reds)" Cocfcs." 1, J. Eaton.
Game
3, Capt. T. Wetherall, Loddmgton,
W
F Entwisle, Westfield, Cleckheaton.
jun, Wavertree, Liverpool.
Kettering. 4. A. Gibbs, Ayr. 5, G. Maples,
Cocfcs." 1, J. Eaton.
2, G. omitH,
Cher
variety)."
Game
Bantams
2, H. Gibson.

(Any
3, W. F. Entwisle.
(White Aylesbury),"1, 2, and
lie,L. H. Rickets, Banwell;

Stoneley.

"

Rectory, Shrewsbury.
Pullets." 1, Rev. W. Serjeantson.
2, W. A.
he, S. Shaw,
"Taylor. 3, T. Wri^iley.jun.,Tonge Hall, Middleton, Manchester,
Stainland, Haliiax; D, Lord, Stacksteads,Manchester; J. M. Kilvert,Palms
Hill, Wem, Salop
Hameurghs
2, C. Sidg(Golden-pencilled)." Cocfcs. l and 3, H. Beldon.
"Wick.
he, T. Wriglev.jun.
Pullets.
Hamburghs
"Hens
or
1, H. Beldon,
2, A.
(Golden-pencilled)
CroBbie, Gattonsirle, Melrose.
3, J. Preston, Allerton.
c, T. Wrigley, Jan.; J.
Walker, Birstwith, Ripley.
and
Hamburghs
and
H.
2
jun.
l
Cocfcs.
Pickles,
(Silver-pencilled)."
Cup,
he. H. Beldon
3, W. M. Mann, Kendal
Hamburghs
(Silver-pencilled)."Hens or Pullets." 1 and 2, W. M. Mann.
3,J.
W. Serjeantson

Pullets." 1, G. Newdigate,
Shifnal.
2, S.
Souihowram,
4, J. W. Thumpson,
S, G. Heafford, Loughborough
5, H. C. " W. J. Mason, Drighlington.Leeds,
c, Rev. G. Gilbert,
Claxton,Norwich
; S. Matthew
; S. Beightim ; J. Forsyth.
Game
(Brown and other Reds except Black-breasted). Cocks." 1 and 3, J.
2. J. Fletcher, Stoneclough, Manchester.
5, T,
Wood, Wigan.
4, S. Matthew.
he, E. Mann, Wallfield,Stand, Pilkington, Laocaehire; H.M.Julian,
Burgess,
G. Lucas, Mansfield.
Hull,
e, E. Aykpoyd,
Eccleshill, Leeds;
Game
(Brown and other Rels, excp.pt Black-breasted).- CocfccreZs.- 1, C.W.
2 and 5, E. Mann.
3 aud
he, E.
4, J. Wood,
Brierley,Middleton, Manchester.
Salop
Aykroyil ; T. Burgess,
c, W. B. Etches, Wbitchm-ch.
1, C. W.
Game
other
and
(Brown
Reds, except Black-breastfd). Hens.
Whitchurch.
3,
2, T. Burgess. Burleydam,
3rierley,Middleton, Manchester.
he, G. F.
F. Sa es, Crowle, Doncasier.
4, E. Aykroyd, Eccleshill, Leeds,

(Black-breastedReds).

Ducks

"

,,

3, J. K.

.^

Fowler.

"

..

4. E.

t"

-r

wn
"^"
-r^
haven,
WhiteFearon,

J. W. WUl, Errol.
e, E. Shaw, Plas
^Vilmot
Os westrv
2, J.
Docks
(Eouen)."1 and 6, T. Statter,'Wbitfleia,MancheBter.
K.
Liverpool, i. A.
Willows.
Gladstone,
Newton-Ie
3,
Little Byrom, Lowton,
he, J. J.
6, J K. Fowler,
Oroft. Distington, WhiteliaTen.
Dickinson, West
T. Statter
(2);
(2); H. Dowsett;
B. Gladstone
J. K. Fowler:
Waller
Kendal;
Preston ;
; H. B. Smith. Broughton,
A. Woods, Setton, Liverpool; J. Scotson
" Jefferson, Wi-iteliaven
;
; GunBon
c, J. K. Fowler
W. H. Denison, Woiarn,

SootBop,

"*"lSoKs''(Blick
East Indian)."1

extra 1, F. Pittis,jun., Newport, Isle of

and
/ic,Mrs. Hayne,
8, S. Burn. Whitby,
Wight
2, G. S. Sainsbury, Devizes.
c, H. B.
; F. Pittis,jun.
Richardson
; S. Bum
Rev.
J.
Fordington, Dorchester;

'ot'her
^"DDCMlTnv
variety).-!, S.

2, M.

Bum.

Leno.

Fowler;
Mapplebeck?BiSSinghlm;
King's Heath, Birmingham
H.

Oqwpstrv

trurirn

B.

Smith

c, J. K.

Watts.
J. K.

he, M. Leno (2); H.

N. EuBsell, Brjn,

Fowler.
2, Key. G Hustler, SHmngii"et, York
tosE^WhUel-l
T. Harrison, jun.. Gateacre.
Vernon, Droitwioh; T. Statter. jun. :
-feosiiws.-i;
J. K. Fowler.
2, J. Lycett. Stafford, he. Rev.
Ge^S White)
"

feladvG

"G^SE"GVVn/Mo'tUed).-l,
W.

J. K. Fowler.
2, J. Lycett. he, Lady D.
Norton.
Fitzwilliam, We'lingborough; W. Lort, King's
Statter,
he, T. ot"""
(?osh?ii7S."land 2, J. K. Fowler,
(Grev
and Mottled)."
Mrs.
ColHon.
Chelmsford;
RoiweU,
W.

Gf-usE

jim-B

Oswestry;Tipple?,
Shaw!

P"LythaU,
'^TiHKE^Y^^^l^cS-ranSl
Banbury,

bury
he.Rev. N. J. Ridley, NewParsons, Bridgnorth ; F. E. Eawson, Thorpe.
LicMeld.
Jic,
Lady
E.
Kendrick,
jun.,
Lythall.
2,
F.
CocJcereis.-1,
TnnKETS."
Hmcklev
(2)l Hon.
; E. Kendrick, 3un
Northampton
; Mrs.Winterton,
E Isham
Whiteacre,
Hinckley; T. Watson,
Miss Winterton.
Gslvile 12);E.Shaw;
Mrs
Mrs.
St. Loe, Bristol;Hon.
F Lythall (21;Miss J. Mil ward, Newton
ColeshillW. Wykes.
Colvile ; W. Tippler; W. Wykea, Wolvey, Hinckley, c.
2, F. E. Richardson, Bramshall'
ToBEEYS.-HcTis.1, E. Leech, Rochdale.
F. LythaU.
Uttoxeter.
he,Mra. Parsons ; F. E. EawBon ; E. Kendrick, jun. ;
; Mrs.

JOURNAL

430

OF

HORTICULTUHE

PoJt?^s." 1, E. Leech.
2, F. Lythall. ha. Lady
E.
TuBKETS."
G. Gilbert, Claxton, Norwich; Mrs. Winterton
(2);T. Watson;
E. Kendrick, jun. ; W. Wykes.
c, E, Kendrick, jim.
PIGEONS.

Tumblers."
1 and
S, R. Fulton, Deptford, London.
2, J. Ford,
Street. London,
Leeds
c, E. Hnrner, Harewood,
: J. Ford.
Caekiers
(RLickl."CoP/.-.s"1. R. Fulton.
2. E. Hoiner.
he, F. Smith. Selly
Oak. Birmingham,
^Yoolley,
c, T. Waddington, Feniscowles, Blackburn
; W.
Eunbury, Tarporlpy.
he and c. R. Fulton
Carrlers
(Black)," Hr?i,s."1,E. Homer.
2, W. WooUey.
R. Fulton.
Carriers
(Dun)." Co cfcs."l,
he. W.
2, E. Homer,
Siddons, sen.
Aston, Birmingham.
Carriers
iDun)."Hens."l,
G. Gordon, Bixmingham.
2, J. C. Ord, Lupus
Street. London,
he, J. C. Ord.
rARRiKRS
{Any other colour}." Cocfcs."Prize. R. Fulton, he, J. "Watts.
cW.
Siddons, sen., Aston, Birmingham.
Carriers
he and
(Any other colour)." i7ens."Pi-ize, J. Watts,
c, R. Fulton.
Carriers
(Black)." Cocfc"?7Y^sor PnllcU
"1, 2. and
Cup. W. Siddons, sen.
Holmewood,
he, H. M. Maynard,
Ryde, Isle of Wight; W. Siddons, sen.
c, E.
Almond

Harewood,

COTTAGE

Leeds.

"

Ladd.
Fulton,
e, Mrs.
Pouters
(Any other colour).- Cni??.'s."1 and 2, R. Fulton.
Pouters
(Any other colour)." Ifc"s.
he, E.
1, Medal, and 2, R. Fulton,
Homer,
e, T. Waddington.
Barbs
(Black)." l and 2. R. FuUtm.
lie.F. Smith, Selly Oak, Birmingham.
H. M. Maynard.
c, S. Shaw, Stainland, Halifax:
Barbs
(Any other colour).- 1, T. Waddington.
2, R. Fulton,
e, W.
Harvey,

[ November

30, 1871.

SHOW.

POULTRY

vastlyimprovedarrangement of this year'sShow is certainly

worthynot only of all praise,but also of the large entryof first-rato
The

specimenswhich

was

last year, admirably

easilyfrom a thousand

obtained.

lightedfrom
to twelve

erected since
buildingexpressly
roof, and capableof holding

the

hundred

has

pens,

secured

firm

positionfor future meetingsof this Society.Although from the time

of the Crystal
Palace and
fised beiug midway between the great Shows
ing,
meetof the Oakham
Birmingham many persons doubted the success
of
there was
hundred
an
entry
considerably
beyond six
pens, the

majorityof which were excellent.

a.
Perhaps years may elapsebefore so largeand so praiseworthy
and
show of Grey Dorhhni hens may
again take placein this district,
proved justas indifferent. The
yet,strange to Eay, the Silver-Greys
most

Carriers
and Pullets." 1 and 2. W. Siddons,
(Any other colauT)" Cockerels
sen.
he, G. F. Whitehouse,
ICing's Heath, Birmingham ; J. Watts,
c, H.
Yardley.
PocTERS
{Ked).~Cocks."\ and Cup, R. Fulton.
2, F. Gresham, Shefford.
Pouters
IUed).~Ee7is
ing,
"1, E. Horner.
2, W. R. Rose, Cransley Hall,Ketterhe, J. Hawley, Bradford.
Pouters
2, R. Fulton.
(Blue)." Coc/.-s." 1 and he, F. Gresham.
and
Pouters
(Blue)." fffjw." 1, F. Greehnm.
2
c, R. Fulton.
ftc.E.Homer,
Pouters
(Black)." Coc/cs. l, R. Fulton.
he, E. T. Dew.
2, F. Gresham.
Weston-super-Mare.
PouTEifS
(Black)." S^e/is.-l,R. Fulton.
2, E. Homer.
Pouters
(White)." Coc?i:.s."I, F. Gresham.
2, Mrs. Ladd, Calne.
he,W. R.
Rose.
W. Harvev;
R. Fulton.
c. E. Horner;
Pouters
(White)." iff jw."I, F. W. Zurhorst,Dublin.
2, W. R. Rose,
he,R.

GARDENER.

OAKHAM

Isham:
RevMrs. "WykesI

Monkwell

Horner,

AND

They
than

notable, perhaps,of any varietiesshown

were

have

all that could

been

he

exhibited

and
desired,

for many

were

the Black

years.
which

In

the White
were
Cocl^ins

Game

Cochins.
better

fowls the chief

the Brown
not
were
Reds,
only very perfect^
lay among
The Sellingclasses were
mostly exhibited in admirable condition.
and a very brisk sale ensued ; in fact,it is well
exceedinglywell iilled,
but also by
known
that these sale classes are
not only most popular,
of shows.
far the best paying of any to the committees
The
Pigeonswere mostly of a very high character, but any practised
of the best pens were
at a glance,that many
eye could discern, even
ailingvery much from being overdone by almost continuous exhibition.
merit
but

The

attendance

was

much

Exhibition

and
satisfactory,

better than

the

pecuniarysuccess

of th"

heretofore.

"

Dorking
Grantham.
2 C. Speed, Extonj(Coloured)." Coc/:."1,J. Homsby,
Mrs.
G. Clarke, Sutton
/iC,J. M. Welling'on, Oakham;
Marsh, Long Sutton*
J*
Needham
Market,
Lingwood,
c, R. Wood,
Henry
Clapton. Thrapslon:
J. Smith. ShillingleePark, Petworth
; T. Biiden,
Stott. Healey, Rochdale;
Hens
Pullets"
or
Sheffield.
Cyx^ 3.iid. 1, L. Fatten.
Hillmore, Tauutri,^
Cononbv, Leeds.
he. G. Jackson.
roi(?!(7"
Fakenham
Langford ; E. W. Southwood,
Bares.
i and
; E. Wood
Cup, F. Smith.
3, J. Stott
Selly Oak, Birmingham.
2, T.
J. Tyler, jun., Loughborough
C. Speed ; J. Hombby
he, P. H. Jones, Fulham.
;
Waddington.
; Henry Lingwood;
c, H. Yardley.
1 and
Briden
Balds
oh
Beards."
he,'W. J. WoodhouRe,
(2). c. J. HornsNy.
Lynn. 2, W. H. C. Oates,
1
DoRKisG
ifens
or
Pullets."
Marchioness
of Exefer
and
(Silver-Grey)."
3. J. Fielding,jun., Roc-hdale.
Besthorpe, Newark.
2,
Tumblers
(Short-faced)." 1, J. Fielding, jun,
Burghlev Park, Stam/ord.
2, R. Fulton,
he, J. Ford,
Dorking
London
(2). c, J. Watts.
(White)."Cocfc."l,Miss E. Williams, Henllys, Berriew, Mont
ol Exeter.
Hens
Pullets.
Tumblers
or
2, Mnrchioness
1, O. E. Cresswell
(Long-nmfFed).
], J. W. Edge, Birmingham.
2, H. Yardlej'. pomery.
he and c. Marchioness
of Exeter.
2. Miss K. Williams,
he, H. Yardley (2); J. Watts.
Bagshot.
Chiekcm."
2. G. Hibbitt, Exton.
(Black)," 1, J. Stephens, Walsall.
Tumblers
Spanish
(Any other variety).-],W. Harvey.
2, J. Percivall, Peckham,
hampton.
C.H
London,
Smith, Newport Pagnell. 2, E. Jackson, Finchfield, WolverJ. Hawlev.
he, K. Horner:
Cupandl.
c, -T, Thumpaon, Fern
Hill,Binglev.
Runts."
/iC,W. Smallwood.
Wolverhampton
; J. F. Dixon, CotSpringfield,
1, T. D. Green, Saffron Walden.
he, S. A. Wyllie,
2, R. Fulton,
East Moulsey
c, J. F. Dixon
(2).
; J. Stephens.
grave, Nottingham
Newark.
Otter.
?,
I and
Cochins
J.
M.
Jacobins."
(Cinnamon, Buff, or Partridge)." Cocfc."l,
e, J. Thompson.
2. R. Fulton,
he, S. Shaw, Stainland,
J,
Halifax
H. Llovd, jun., Handaworth,
BirmiDgham.
he, J. Sichel. Tim^erley;
Jones ; W. E. Fasten, Hull.
; P. H.
; E. Horner
T. M. Derry,
B. Wood.
Leicester:
Jacobins
Newcastle-onUttoxeter; Mrs. Woodcock,
Stephens,
c, R
(Any other colour). I. W. B. Van
Haansbergen,
J. Taylor, Suiton.
or
Pullds."l, J.
near
Hens
:
Ely.
Tyne. 2, T. Wartdington.
Gedney, Wi-beach
; R. Fulton.
he,F. Waitt, King's Heath, Birmingham
Sichel.
2, H. I-loyd,Jan. he, R. B.Wood;
Henry Lingwood
; J. Stephens, c,
C, J. Thompson.
Fantails
Mrs. Woodcock.
(White). -1, Rev. W. Serjeantson.
Hnansbergen.
2, W. B. Van
CooHiNB
class
2, Mrs. A. Williamson^
mended).
S, J. F. Luversidge,Newark,
he, H. Yardley. (The whole
{White or Black)," Cocfc"1, J. Sichel.
highly comSyston. he. H. H. Ttletsoe. Barnwell, Oundle ; Rev. C. H. Lucas, Edith Weston,
and
or
Pullets."l
2 and c, Rev. 0. H.
Fantails
(3). Hem
(Any ether colour).- 1 and 2, H. Yardley. he, F. H. Paget, Birstall, Stamford
Cup, A. Williamson.
H.
H.
Blytsoe
J.
Sichel.
Leicefcter ; W. B. Van
Lucas,
he,
;
: W.
Haansbfrgen
Choyce, Sibson, Atherstone.
BRAiiniAs.
Cock.
1, J. Walker,
Trumpeters
2, Mrs. A.
(Mottled)."!, W. B. Van
Keele, Newcastle-under-Lvne.
Haausbergen.
2, E. Horner,
he, T.
T. F. Ansdell. Cowley
Williamson,
he, E. B. Wood;
Mount, St. Helena;
Waddington
; E. Horner.
Mrs.
Woburn
A. B. Hamilton, Ridgmount,
Trumpeters
Mrs. A. WilUamson.
c, Hon.
; R. B.
(xVny other colour). 1, W. H. C. Oates, Besthorpe, Newark.
Pullets."
S.
St.
Neots;
L.
Lowestoft,
Hens
or
J.
Dtw.
Wren,
I, J.
P.
H.
Jones.
Wood;
2,
Owls
he, R. B. Wood.
Sichel. 2, T. F. Ansdell.
(Foreign)." 1, J. Fielding,jun. 2, E. Horner,
he, T. Waddington ; J.
1. J. Sichel.
HouDANs."
2, W. Dring, Faversham.
he, R, B. Wood
; W. CutFielding,jun. j P. H. Jones.
Owls
(hnglish)." 1,J. W. Edcre, Birmingham.
he, C.
lack, jun.,Littleport.
2, C. Gamon, Chester,
CiiEVE-CtEURs."
Gamon
Cup and 1, C. H. Smith, Railciiffe-on-Trent. 2, J. Sichel.
; G. H. Gregory ; P. H. Jones.
he. W. Dring; J. J. Maiden, Biggleswade,
c, J. M. Wellington.
Nuns.
8, H.
1, W. Biinkes, Runcorn, Cheshire.
2, W. E. Fasten, Hull.
ham.
Hamburghs
(Silver-spangled)." 1, J. B. Bly, Lowestoft.
2, W. Hughes, OakYard'ey. he, J. Watts ; W. Choyce.
TuRBiTS
(Red or Yellow)."! and 2, S. Shaw, Stainland, Halifax.
J. Preston,Allerton,near
Bradford.
2, H.
TuRBiTS
Hamburghs
(Silver-pencilled)."!,
he, O. E. Cresa(Any other colour)." 1. R. Fulton.
2, W. Bankes.
Oakham.
well : W. Bankes
Ashwell,
Walker,
R.
Fulton
F.
H.
Leicester.
Paget, Birstall,
;
;
1 and Cup. W. K. Tickner, Ipswich. 2,T. May,
Hamburghs
Dragoons
he,
(Gold-spangled)."
(Blue)." 1, 2, and Cup, W. H. Mitchell,Mostly, Birmingham,
T. Blakeman, Tettenhall, Wolverhampton.
he, L. Wren;
F. Graham, Birkenhead.
Wolverhampton,
ter;
ManchesDragoons
; T. May.
he, J. Holland
c, H. Hinckley, Raribourue
(Red or Yellow)."1 and2, F. Graham,
(2),
(Gold-pencilled)."!, J. Preston.
Hambubghs
2, G. Parker, Hopwell, near
F. Graham.
Brown.
M.
c,
Dragoon-s
he, H Allaop.
Derby,
(Silver)."!,R. Fu'ton.
2, F. Graham,
Game
ham.
Dragoons
(Ked and oi her dark colours)"Cocfc."l, A. J. Fludyer, Ayston,Upping(Any other colour).- 1, G. H. Gregory.
2. F. Graham.
Stowmarket.
he, J. Richardson, Loughborough, c, B.
Blackburn,
2, S. Matthew,
Magpies."!, E. Horner.
he,P. H. Jones ; J.
2, J. B. Bowden,
Oakham
Eltham.
B. Bowden.
Jarvis, Mansfield ; R. L. Healey. Hambletoo,
; J. Jeken,
Pullets."
1
and
J.
R.
H.
Brown.
Pellow
Antwerps
Hens
or
H.
Cup,
Tyler,
jun.
2,
Lane,
(Silver Dun)." 1,
AllRop. 2. J. W. Ludlow, Birmingham,
he,
E. Brough,
Halifax,
he, A. Fetch, Melton
Mowbray
R. Brierley; W. Van Wart, Birmingham;
H.P. Ryland, Erding; W. Jones. Worcester;
J.W.Ludlow;
Leek,
ton; C. F. Copeman.
c, J Jeken
; E. Winwood
; B. Jarvis ; R. L. Healey, Hambleton.
2. J. Jeken.
Antwkrps
Game
(White. Piles, and licht colours)." Cocfc."l, S. Matthew.
(Blue)."!, H. R. Wright, Birmingham.
hc,G.
2, W. Van Wart.
Hens
and Pullets." U
jun., Oundle.
c,G. Parker; B. Jarvis.
H
7ic,S. Deacon,
R.Wright.
Gamon;
S. Matthew.
2. E. Winwood.
Antwerps
(Red Chequered)."!, 2, and Cup, H. R. Wright, he,J. Crosland;
Prize, H. L. Bradshaw, Wakerlcy, Stamford.
J. W. Ludlow.
Bantams
(White, clean legs)."
S. " R. Mottram, Manchester.
Antwerps
and 2, J. W. Ludlow,
c, Messrs.
(Blue Chequered)."!
he,W. Van Wart; J.
Bantams
(Black, clean legs)." Prize, W. H. Robinson, Long Lee, Keighloy.
W. Ludlow
; H. R. Wright ; H. Yardley.
: C. Gamon
G. Clarke ; H. Draycott, HumherArchangels."!.
e, Mrs.
H. Yardley.
2. W. Harvey.
he, Mrs. G. Clarke : S. " R. Ashton.
Leicester.
stone.
near
Chovce.
Swallows."
1. W.
2, F. H. Paget, Leicester,
he, W. C. Dawson,
Bantams
(Gold or Silver-laced).-1 and 2, M. Leno, Dunstable,
E.Horner.
e, F. S. ArkOtley; T. Waddington;
Chesterfield.
Any
Extra
! and
other
Variety.
wright, Sutton Scarfldale,
Cup, J. W. Ludlow.
1, W. C. Dawson.
Bantams
(Any other variety)."!and Cup, B. S. Loundes, Stony Stratford
Extra
Extra
2, F. Waitt, Birmingham.
S, F. H. Paget.
3, S.
2, H. Yardlev.
Sichel
Winwood
J.
Mrs.
Woodcock
Booted.)
/ic,
E.
(Peldn) ;
A. WyUie.
A.
(Pekin). 2,
(White
Jlc,H. Yardley; F. H. Paget; T. Waddington; J. W. Ludlow;
(White), c, E. S. Fordh^m, Ashwell, Baldock (Silky).
Crosbie,Melrose.
Cocfc
Bantams.
Game
1, W. B.Jeffries.
2, H. J.Nicholson, Millom.
he,
W.B.Jeffries;
Judges.
Bellinpham " (.iill.
Burnley (2); F. II. Wricht,
Poultry:Rev. G. F. Hoclson,North Petherton,Bridge- E. Winwood;
H. W
Johnson, Newark;
Currie, Thetfnrd.
Halifax; W. Adam, Ipswich, c,
water ; Capt.Heaton, Worsley,Manchester
Baily, Mount
; Mr. John
\
A:
E.
Pullets."
and
Gill.
wood;
Hens
or
Cup, Bellingham
/fC. Win2, W. Adams.
Street,Grosveuor
H. C. Rogers, Newport
J. Smith;
Mrs.
W.
R.
Square, London ; Mr. James Dickson, North Park,
Pagnell; H. Smith;
Jeffries (2); J. Oldfield,Littlo Horton, Bradford; G. Todd.
c. J. M. Wellington.
Clayton,Bradford; Mr. E. Hewitt, Sparkbrook,BirmiDghacD ; Mr.
W.
A. Almond,
Oakham.
G.
Louth.
Bonthby,
PoLANDS.
2,
1,
B. Teebay,Fultvood,near
Preston; Mr. J. H. Smith, Skelton Grange,
Distinct
Varifty"
E.
Fane.
Graniham
other
(Black Cochin). 2,
Any
!,
York ; Mr. R. Woods, Osberton,Worksop ; and Mr. Edward
Lowe, Miss E. J. N. Hawker, Wycliffe,Tunbridge Wells (Silky Fowls).
Turkeys.
Overton,
Cocfc."l. L. Patton.
he, MissE.
2, M. Kew, Market
Cumberford, Tamworth.
Pic/eons:Mr. Harrison Weir, 9, Lyndburst
J. H. L. Wingficld,Tickencote;
Mrs. Berridge, Burley-on-thi'-Hill
Williams;
r
ham
Koad, Peckham, London
; Mr. T. J. Cottle,Pulteney Villa,CheltenHeiis."land
: W.
W. Kirk, Wymondham
Hughes, Oakham,
Cup, L. Patton.
Effra
Mr.
F.
E.
Mr.
L.
4,
Bead,
M.
Kew.
he, G. R. Pearson
Esquilant,
Corker,Croydon;
;
;
2, G. R. Pearson, Grantham,
Great Baddow.
2, T. M. Dorrj*,
Turkeys.ro(/K(7Cocfcs."1, Mrs. J. Mayhew,
ford,
Brixton,London, S. : Mr. T.J. Charlton,G2, Trafalgar
Street,Bradhe. G. R. Pearson,
roitHflr
e, G. R. Pearson
Gedney. Wisbeach.
; M. Ivew.
Yorkshire ; Mr. H. Child,Sherborne Road, Birmingham.
he. G. R. Pearson
2, J. Mayhew.
(2); M. Kew.
Hctis.-l, M Kew.
Ducks
and
and
G.
H.
Biirley-on-the-Hill,
(White Aylesbury)."!
Cup
Finch,
2,
: M. Kew,
c. l\lrs. Lowther,
Oakham,
/ic,J. Hornsby.
Barlevthorpo, Oakliam
Ducks
he,
North
(Rouen)." 1, W. H. Robnon.
Restou, Louth.
2, L. Patton.
Cameridce Poultry
this is a great
Snow.
We are informed
Wakefield,
W. Meanley, Walsall ; J. White, Whitley Netherton, near
c, W, H.
There are more
success.
than 700 entries.
G.R. Pearson; H,B.
Robson;
Smith, Broughton, Preston; L. Patton.
"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

November

Rev. C. H. Lucas. The Rectory, Edith Weston,

DncKS (Any other variety)."!,
Stamford
(WhistUn?) ; S.
(Kasarka). 2. M. Leno (Mandarin), he, M. Leno
Deacon, jiin.,Oundle (Buenos Ayrean); H. B. Smith (Shell), c, H. B. Hardy,
Ewevby, Sleaford (Buenos Ayrean) ; Rev. C. H. Lucas (Buenos Ayrean) ; U. B.
Smith (Carolina).
/ic.N. "Whitchurch, Melton
Gef.se (White!." Prize and
Goslings.
Mowbray.
he, G. H. Finch.
"Prize, T.M. Derrv.
Geese
he. W. ICirk. c. Rev. 0. H. Lucas.
(Grey)."Prize and Cup. I\r.Kew.
Kettering
Selling
or
ChA.as."Cock
Cockerel." I and Cup. E. Robinson.
Rochdale
(Dark
(Black Red Game).
Ending, Healey. near
2, J. Mills, Mount
Oakham
; R. B.
Brahma),
/ic.H. Llovd. jun. ; J. Tyler, jun. ; F. J. Barlow,
;
"Wood
(3). c,J. Sichel; H. Lloyd,jun. ; J.F.Dixon,
Cotgrave, Nottingham
J. M. Wellington; R. L. Healev. Hambleton
; H. H. Bletsoe.
C-la.^?,." Hens
Selling
Pullets." \,3 oichel (BuffCochine).
2, S. S. Mosor
E.J.N.
Miss
J.
Sichel
;
Sutton
he,
Long
Hamburgh),
(Silver-spangled
eop.
Ha-wltes. Wycliffe. Tunbridge
Wells,
Park, OakAveland. Normanton
e, Lady
T. M
:
bam
Pacnell : J. F. Dison
; Rev. C. H. Lucas
: C. H. Smith. Newport
J. J.
R. L. Healey;
Mrs.
H. Yardley, Birmingham:
Woodcock;
Derry;
Maiden, Biggleswade ; W. Hughes, Oakham.
BerMrs.
Miscellaneous
Class."
1. G. R. Pearson
Selling
(Turkeys). 2,
ridge (Pea Fowls), he, Mrs. Berridge ; G. R Pearson.
.

PIGEONS.
Leeds.
2 and
Tumblers.
he, W. B. Van
"1 and c. E. Homer,
Harewood,
Haansbertifen. Ncwcastle-on-Tyne.
Cocfr." 1 and 2, E. Walker, Leicester, he, E. Homer
CAaRiERS.; H. Yardley.
F.. Walker,
:
c, E. Horner.
Heii."\, E. Walker.
2, H. Yardley. he,E. Horner
J. Tyler, jun.
he, E.Walker;
c, E.
rouH(/."l. E. Walker.
2, E. Homer,
Horner; L. Wren.
Pouters."
2,J. E. Palmer, Peterborough, c, T.J.
1, W. B. Van Haansbergen.
E. Horner.
J. E. Palmer;
Capam,
Newark:
1 and 2. E. Horner,
Jacobins."
he, W. B. Van Haansbergen.
c, J. E. Palmer
;
W. B. Van Haansbergen.
Kantails."
2, E. Horner,
he, J. Walker; W. B.
1,W. B. Van Haansbergen.
Van
Langford ; H. Yardley.
Haansbergen.
c. G. Jackson,
2 and
Trumpeters.Haansbergen.
1, W. B. Van
he, W. Gamble, Thorpe
Satchville, Melton,
c, E. Horner.
Nuns."
1, E. Horner.
2, H. Yardley.
TuRBiTS.1, E. Horner.
2, W. E. Van Haansbergen.
Runts."
2, H. Yardley.
1, W. B. Van Haansbergen.
Any
other
Variety.1, H. Yardley (Barbs). 2, H. Draycott (Red Swallows).
B. Van
c, J. E, Palmer, Peterborough
; E.
he, F,. Hovner
Haansbergen.
; W.
"Walker; H. Yardley.
for
in poultry,Mr. J. Sichel; ditto in Pigeons, Mr. E.
Gold
Medal
classes

the

GARDENER.

431

DoRKraGs,"
1 and Timepiece, Z. H. Heys, Barrhead.
2, J. Robertson.
3, T.
Smcllie, Moorfield, Kilmarnock.
he, T. Briden, Couonley,
4, H. Heudt-rson.
Leeds ; A. Campbell, Largs ; R. Watson, Newton, Ayr.
2
J.
Alexander.
SceTcn
Greys
and 3,
4, T.
"1, J. Meiklem, Hamilton.
Wallace,
he,W. Lind say, Busby, Glasgow ; J. Laird,Johnetone.
S. " R. Ashton, Mottrm.
Timepiece, J.
ilA-iiBVRGTiii.-Golden-spangle'd.-l,
Jardine, Kilmarnock.
2, H. Pickh-s, jun., Earby.
3, T. Bowltnn, Hanford,
Stoke-on-Trent.
4, A. tjihb, Ayr.
he, R. Dickson, Selkirk; A. Frisktn, Irvine.
lor beet
BA-UBV^dBS.Silver-spangied. l, J. W. Will.
2 and Timepiece
" Booth, Broadbottom,
Cock, Ashton
Mottram.
3 and Tim" piece for best Hen,
H. Pickles,jun. 4,D. Skeoch, Stewarton.
Halifax;
hc,S. Smith, Northowram,
C.
Barrhead.
Miss Boyce, Wolverhampton
J.
Bruce,
Arrol,
;
Paisley, c,
Hamburghs.
Silvrr-peneillcd. 1, J. Ashworth, Mareden
Heights, Burnley.
2, T. Bowlton.
3, H. Pickles, jun. 4, J. Walker, Birstwith, Ripley.
HAUBURana.-Golden-pcncilled."l
and Timepiece, R. Dicknon, Selkirk. 2,T.
Bowlton.
4. J. Walker,
3, J. Armstrong, Longtown.
he, 3. Wyllie. Darvel;
J. Neil, Galston; R. Clark, Overton, Johnstone.
H. Pickles, jun.
Disqualified,
Game."
2, K. Clarke.
4, T.
1, 3, and Timepiece, D. Harley, Edinburgli.
he, T, W. Mitchell, Perth; J. Wolfenden, Light Hasels,
Mackie, Stewarton.
Littleborough ; J. Robertson ; A. Mackay, Whitletts, Ayr ; W. CopeJand, Ayr.
B.
M.
Game
Bantams."
1 and Timepiece, J. Barlow, Monkwearmouth.
2,
4, T. C. " E. Newbilt, Epwerth.
he, BellingKnox, Kilbii-nie. 3, A. Wilson.
" Gill,Burnley; T. Barker, Hill End, Burnley; D. Johnstone, jun.,Dairy ;
ham
Morris ; G. FurnesH, Kawtenstall
T. Barker
; S. Smith
; J. W.
(2),
1 and Oil Painting, T. Waddington,
"B?ac/i; or White."
Bantams
Fenniscowles,
4 J. Currie, Kilmarnock,
Blackburn.
2, S. " R. Ashton.
3, H. L. Hurne, Airdrie.
ftc,J. W. Will. Ally other Variety." land '2,A.. Robertson.
3, Master
A. Frew, Kirkcaldy
winning
he. W. Imrie. Kil(Silver-laced). 4, J. JJunn, Galston.
(Gold-laced); Mrs. J.
(scotch Grey); J. D. S. Crawford, Kilbarcban
M. Proctor, Hull (Laced); Miss E. Robertson, Kilmarnock.
Topped
Creve-Cceubs.
Polands
1 and
or
Timepiece, H. Pickles, jun.
4, Z. H. Heya.
2, W. Bearpark, Ainderby Steeple. 3. W. A. Orr, Kilbirnie.
he, T. Millar, Stewarton
Linton, Selkirk.
; W
Any
other
Variety.T.
Bowlton
1,
(Black Hamburghs). 2, R. M'M. Banks,
4. W. Kerr, Blilton,
Errol
Broomberry,
(Houdans).
Ayr. 3. Miss Drummond,
Kilmarnock
(Black Hamburghs).
Ducks."
.4y;es6ur?/"l, A. Robertsnn, Kilmarnock.
2, J. W. Will. 3, W. J.
W.
W. J. Thompson,
G.
Z.
H.
Thompson.
Mulligan,
he,
Heys,
Barrhead;
4,
and Timepiece, W.
Ronen."l
Woodhorn,
Morpeth ; D. M'Naught. Kilmaurs.
G. Mulligan. Spi-inKtield,Belfast.
2. J. Meiklem, Hamilton.
3, H. B. Smith.
of
4, W. J Thompson
Any other Variety.-l, H. B. Smith. 2, Countess
Tankervilh', Chillingham Castle (Shell). 8, Misa E. Robertson.
4, S, " S.

Horner.

Mr.

COTTAGE

AND

HORTICDLTUEE

OF

JOURNAL

80, 1871.

"

"

"

"

Ashton
(Mandarin).
Class."
Selling
1,J. Rutherford

(Coloured Dorkings). 2, J. Muir, Millport

Hamburirhs).
he, Z. H. Heys (Creve-Cceursl;
3, G. Willison.
"f Tankerville
{Gold-spangled
(Guinea Fowl}; T. Blick, Stewarton
Jar
din.
W.
Hamburghs);
Perceton, Irvine
(Gild-spangied Hamburghs); A.
Robertson
(Gold-spangledHamburghs). c, A. H. Banbury, Langton-on-Swale
(Golden-spangled

and Mr. Tegetmeier,

of London,
Hewitt, of Birmingiiam,

Countess

were

Judges.
^

BARRHEAD

POULTRY

(Cochins).

SHOW.

PIGEONS.

PovTER3.~Black
or
Blue."l, 2, and Timepiece, W. Mushat. Kilmarnock.
4, J. Mair.
vhc. J. Butler, Gl^isgow. Any other Colour." I, J.
3, J. Mitchell.
Kilmarnock
(Splashed).
Sharp. 2, J Mair, Kilmarnock
(Reds). 3, D. Munu,
when
"QSth inst.,
vhe, 3. Frame,
he, T. Imrie. Ayr.
4, J. Mitchell, Glaagow.
Old
Scotch
Breed."
2, J. Pollock
OM.
1, Mrs. Alston, Craifrhead, Hamilton.
Caehiebs."
2 and Timepiece, G. White,
1, G. Brown, Kilmarnock.
Walton.
Hamilton,
West
Kilmarnock
he, 3. Meiklem.
c, A. Small.
Lawrie.
3,J. Ijaird,Johnstone,
; T.
Paisley. 3, D.
4, J. M'Crae, Dairy, he, A. Richmond,
Spanish."
Paisley. 3,A.
2, W. Wotherspoon,
1, D. M'Beith, BridTC of Allan,
4, A.
Wadriington.
Young.
2, G. White.
1, D. Lawrie.
3, J. G. Dunn.
ck. c, J. Crawford, Beith ; C. H. Johnstone, Barrhead
Robertson, Kilmam
Wardrop, Kilmarnock.
1 and
White."
DoRKii^GS.-except
8,T. Smillie,
c, Mrs. Alston.
2, J. Pollock.
Tumblers."
J. Miller, Kilmarnock.
6Vior(-/ficed."l and Timepiece, Master
he. Z. H. Heys, Barrhead.
marnock.
jun., Kilmarnock,
2, W. R. and H. O. Blenkinsop, Newcastlp-on-Tyne.
3, Miss M. S. Millar, KilBlaek-breasted
and other Beds.
Game."
1, D. Harley. Edinburgh. 2, G. Wil
A. Millar, jun.. Kilmarnock,
4, Muster
he, 3. " W. Towerson,
liamson,
Johnstone.
he. J. CochraTi, jun.,Barrhead'
8,J. M'AVhirter, Barrhead,
3, T. Imrie.
1, 3. Sharp, Johnstone.
Egremont. Common"
2, J. G. Dunn.
Barrhead
1, D. Harley, EdinburRh.
2, W*
Any other Colour.
c, R.Andrew.
4, G. Brown.
Ne'lsnn. Johnstone.
Barbs."
3, Z. H. Heys.
he,A. Hutchinson, Grahamston, Falkirk4, J. Ren
1, J. Mair.
2, W. R. and H. 0. Blenkinsop. 8, G. White.
"c, J. Blair, Dollar.
shaw, Littleborough.
Crawford.
2. D. Picken, jun.,St e war'H.AMBVRGH.s."Golden-spanqled."l,J.
G. White.
2 and 4, T. Rule, Durham.
Trumpetees.-I,
8, J. and "W. Towerton.
Barrhead,
c, J. Moodie.
Paisley.
he, J. H. MacNab,
3, A. Robertson,
son,
he. Miss E. M. Beveridge, Ayr.
W.
Neilson.
Muir. New
2. Miss
1 and
Kilpatrick. 3 and he, J.
Goldcn-pencilled.-l,
Fantails."
Timepiece, J Gault, Kilbirnie.
2, R. Young. Galston. 8,T.
Smith.
Stewarton.
Cardonald.
Silver-spangled." 1,3. Moodie.
c, R. MacNab,
Wilson.
4, A. Smith, Broughty Ferry, he, R. Dickie, Kilbirnie.
ling,
2 and 3, R. Mackie, Clerkhill, Stewarton.
: A. Stirhe, D. Skeocfa, Stewarton
R. Giheon, Kilmarnock.
Jac*^bins."1.
4, T. Wad2, T. Rule.
3, J. Frame.
Grahamston.
3. Nicholson,
2, R. Gilmoirr, Neilston.
Silver-peneilled."\,
dington. he W. Reid, Kilmarnock.
3, J. Bacup, Paipley. he, H. Amdale, Paisley.
TuBBiTs
1,J. G. Dunn.
2, J. G. Orr. 3, T. Waddington. 4, J. " W, Towerson,
Brahma
Pootras."
3, W. R.
1, A. Robertson.
2, G. Willison, Kilmarnock.
Egremont.
Farquhar, jun.. Alexandria,
c. T. Corbett, Barhead.
OWT.S "Eni}lish."\, J. Kemp,
S, J.
2, R. " J. Anderson, Newcastle-on-Tyne.
Cochins.
2 and 3, J. Pollock, Bushby.
An;/ Variety. 1, G. Willison.
Mair.
4, J. Kemp, Haalingdon.
1 and
Topped
Rolands."
he, W. Gibb, Wishaw.
3,
1 and
Nuns."
2,A. Wylie, Johnstone.
3, G. Gilchrist.
4, T. Imrie, Darvel.
2, H. Shields, Newmilns.
J. Laird,
c, C. Walker.
Common."
1, J. G. Orr. 2, J. M'Crae, Dairy. 3 and 4, D. Johnstone, jun.
Barrhead.
Any other
Variety.
1 and 2, R. Mason, Springhill,
3 and he,A.
Dairy.
P. White, Paisley.
Any
Distinct
2.T.ImTie
other
VARiETT.-land
Timepiece. T.Waddington.
Barrhead.
Cross
Breeds."
1.T. Donnelly, Springhill,
2. J. Pollock, West
(S^viss). 3, W. Reddihough,
Colne, Lancashire
(Dragoons). 4, A. Johnston,
Walton, Mearns.
he, J. Fulton, Beith.
3, W. Reid, Arthurlie Lodge, Barrhead,
Bathgate (Frillbacko).
", 3. C. Shaw, Barrhead.
Selling
Class
J.
Muir
(Pouters). 2, D. M'Naught (Pouters).3, R. M.
"1,
" Walker.
Bantams."
Game."
Kilbarchan.
1. Gow
2, J. Yuill. Barrhead.
3, Banke, Broomberry,
Ayr. 4, T. Imrie.
Z. H. Heys.
Any other Variety. 1, S. " R. Ashton, Mottram, Manchester.
2,
CANARIES.
3 and
D. Muir.
he, A. Robertson,
c, A. Wylie.
Clear
Yellow."
Cocfcs.-l
and
2. W.
Timepiece, D. Dick, Kilmarnock.
DvcKB."
Aylesbury." 1 a.jid.he,Z. H. Heys.
2, J. Meiklem. Hamilton.
S, J.
Benjt.
4,W. Love. Kilbirnie.
3, J. M'Kendrick, Greenock.
Wright, Greenock.
Robertson.
Camnbell, Johnstone,
c, A.
Any other Variety."I, J. Pollock.
-1, M. Todd, Paisley. 2, J. M'Kane,
Kilwinning. 3, D. Reid. 4, W. Hunter,
2 and 3, A. Robertson,
W. G. Mulligans. Belfast.
he, S. " R. Ashton.
The

fifteenth Annual

took
Exhibition and competition
the following
awards were
made :

placepn

the

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

c,
Class."
l,Goy and Walker. 2, R, Leitch, Barrhead.
Barrhead,
c, W. Holms, Barrhead.

Selling

3, Mrs. Alston.

he,J. Bruce,

Judges.
Mr.
Thomas
M'Keau, Cowglen Cottage;Mr. Thomas
Strnthers,Larhhill ; Mr. Thomas
Raines, Bridgehaugh,Stirling;
Mr. John M'Innea,Broomlands, Paisley;
Mr, John Sharp,Johnstone;
Mr. John Paul, Grovan Street,
Glaagow.
"

KILMARNOCE

ORNITHOLOGICAL

ASSOCIATION'S
The

November

twentieth annual

18th, and

the

SHOW.

Exhibition took
result has

place at Kilmarnock

Kilbirnie.
c, R. Calderwood.
Clear
Buff.Cocfes." 1 and 2,J. Dalziel, Paisley. S, W. Love.
4. D. Holden.
4,
Hens."l, R. Hannah, Girvan.
2, M. Adam, Ayr. 3, R. Houston, Kilbirnie.
W. Love, Ifilbirnie.
PiEEiXD
S,J Allison,
H. Adair.
YELLow.-Cocfcs.-l,
2,A. Borland, Galston.
A.
A.
Borland.
he, W. Paul.
Hens."l,
2,
Paisley. 4, J. Glasgow, Beith.
Lyon.
8, J. Scoular, Kilmarnock.
4, A. Lyon.
Piebald
Buff."
S,J.
A. Kelly,Paisley. 2 R. Buntin, Kilmarnock.
Cocfcs."l,
and
Hens."l
Glasgow. 4,B. Benny, Kilmarnock,
he,A. Lyon, Crookedholm.
Timepiece, W. Hiinter, Kilbirnie.
2, A. Keily. 3, A. Crawford, Johnstone.
4, D. Reid.
he,W. Campbell.
Dark."
3, W. Little1, D. Dick, Kilmarnock.
2, J. Ferguson, Kilmarnock.
jehn, Overton. Kilmarnock,
he, R. Bryden.
ftc,W. M'Cluckie,
2, J, Calderwood.
FDLL."landS,W. Grieve, Kilmarnock.

Kilmarnock.
on

Goldfinch

been

most satisfactory.
In fact, Goudie.
2 and
Goldfinches."
that increased accommodation

Mules."
Ye
3, J. Baxter.

J.
Ziou'."l,

Baxter.

2, W.

Littlejohn.Buff."l,

G.

1. T. Conn.
3, R. Gray.
2jT. Reive, Glasgow.
dimensions
Birds"
Home
Foreign
or
1,W. Brown
(Parrot). 2,J. M. Wilson, Kilmarnock
and
a
next year.
largerstaff of officialswill he imperative
Poultry (Grey Parrot). 3, J. Scoular (Parrot).
391 pens, Pigeons251, and Canaries,"c. 204, while the
numbered
Judges.
Poultry: Mr. Kichard Teebay, Fulwood, Preston,
of each class showed a decided improvementin every respect.
quality
Pigeons: Mr. J. Wallace, Glasgow, and Mr. Mathew
Stuart,Glasgow.
We shall givea detailed reportnext week.
Canaries,("c.: Mr. John Lyell,Wishaw, Mr. T. Fernie,Paisley,Mr.
Spanish.1 and Timepiece, H. Wilkinson, Earby.
2, A. Robertson.
3. A.
John Mair, Kilmarnock, and Mr. Charles Aird, Kilmarnock.

the Show

has

attained

such

"

MoUona,

Standiford, Wolverhampton.

First
Paterson, Langholm.
4, W.
Second
Sweepstakes for Pullets, H. L
nock;
Will, Errol; A. Gaiven, jun, KilmarA. Robertson.
A. Walker;
H. Paton.
Kilmarnock;
Kilmarnock; J.
Crawford, Beith ; J. Yuill. Chapelhall,Airdrie (2). c, H. Wilkinson.
Brahma
Pootr,is."
1, H B. Smith, Broughton, Preston.
2, H. Wilkinson.
3. R. Brownlee, Kirkcaldy.
4, A. Robertson,
he, J. W. Will ; R. Brownlee
; G.
"Willison,Kilmarnock.
1 and
Cochtn-Chinas."
2 and 3, J. W. Will.
Timepiece, J. Pollock, Patna.
4, G. Furness, Rawtenstall.
he,J. Musgrave, Longtown.

Sweeepstakes for Pullets, A. MoUons.

Home,
he, J. W.
Whiterigg, Airdrie.

CAUTION
I
box

WKiTE

way
with

TO

PIGEON

FANCIERS.

to draw the attention of fanciers to a very objectionable

that of a locked
of packing Pigeons for exhibition
the key attached.
of fanciers here,if
The majority
"

AND

HORTICULTURE

OF

JOURNAL

432

have seen, and which measures

an
18* inchea
egg, which we
in its greater circumference,
15j inches at the smaller ciroamferenoe; and its capacityis 2J pints of water.
It contained
three yolks,
and the shell weighed8 oza.
Guardian.)
(Manclicster
"

OUR
N.B.

Absence from

"

That they were

the merits of the birds.
their mode
of handling
very evident from
them, and, although birds might not be lost,stillthey are very
been from
I
think
the
boxes
have
must
such
hands.
in
unsafe
assure
the other side of the Tweed, and I can
you that every
which
fancier here would regretthat anythingshould occur
discussed

fanciers

not

30, 1871.

[ November

GARDENER.

it

are gnreto be waitingthe arrival

go the exhibition,
for complaint. It
of the train, and, of course, find no cause
way
of the railmine a few days ago at one
"was while waiting for
our
the
kind
of treatment
of
I
that
stations
got a glimpse
pets receive at the hands of railwayofficials. Some boxes of
coollyunlocked,and the
the kind I have mentioned above were
taken ont and
case
they were
birds examined ; nay, in one
and
pared
not put back until they comwere
handled by the boys,
the"prices (which were
foolishlywritten on outside

they cannot

and
labelp)

COTTAGE

was

exhibitions.
these fanciers from our
Supposing
the birds had escaped,who could trace the responsibleparty ?
found out ?
if it were
be responsible
Would the railwaycompany
more
who knows
to answer
one
These
are
questionsfor some
would
be
of these things than I do, but I think the blame
case.
is
the
too often
as
the unfortunate
on
thrown
secretary,
it
offenders
if
I
of
the
can
the
this
meet
(and
eye
Perhaps
may
them to
and it may warn
will go before their superiors
also),
Panciek.
A Glasgow
take care for the future.

might keep

LETTER

home

number

of

BOX.

has

compelled us
questionstillnext

to defer
week.

answering

Palace
Crystal
Show."
We are informed
that the second
prize in
Silver Dorkings was
awarded
to J. J. Waller, E?q
Mint
House, Kend al
alec that his Silver-Grey Dorking cockerel wag
highly commended.
Fowls
Injuries
at
to
Shows
Bantam's
{R. B ). The loss of your
sickle feather is only one
similar
of many
is to
injuries. The difficulty
know
whether the injuriesoccur
at the show or on the rtiilwiiy.
Antwebps
Dying
Rapidly
is a disease
{Pinch Eye). There
amonc
Pigeons called " going liyht,"which we believe to be consumption, and
the disease in your birds appears
There
to be "galloping consumption. "
is no cure, as far as we
know, for the disease in either form, whether in
,

"

"

man

Pigeon.

or

Rabbit

Show
London.
near
iBunny). We know of none
Hair
Falling
off
[Anthony). Try rubbing into the bare
of equal parts of flowers cf sulphur and lard. Give
places ointment made
the dog also thrice daily three grains of the sulphur.
"

Terrier's

"

"

Cotjntt
Wilts
in
of a misprint

Potjltet

and

Pigeon

Show.

"

As in conseqneiico

of your contemporaries some

misapprehension
one
for the above Show,
to the dates of the entries closing
would you iindlyallow me to say that theyhave not closed,but do so
Committee.
on
Friday,December Ist ? One of the
to exist

seems

as

"

FEEDING

BEES.

other day I procured a bottle which, includingthe neck,

it contained
nearly filled,
stands 9J inches high, and, when
stock of bees in a
a
I placed it on
of syrnp.
6 lbs. 10 ozs.
is less
which
of
board
Woodbury hive,the hole in the crown
I placedit on the hive at 1.25 in
than 2 inches in diameter.
the afternoon, and am
quite sure there was no leakage. I
to nine at night,and found that the
visited it at ten minutes
The

bees had taken down 4J inches of the heightof its full diameter,
I saw
it again at halfthan half of the whole.
or rather more
past eix the next morning, and there then remained about threehours
fourths of an inch of the neck filled,
so that in seventeen
the bees had taken down quite 6 lbs. of the syrup, and not one
it.
hive
obtain
in
the
to
main
cluster
had to leave the
that bees moy be fed as
me
This experiment has quitesatisfied
1^
rapidlywith a bottle as by any other
means, ifit is properlyapplied. It
is quitetrue that a feeding bottle
stand for

days,or
emptied ;

bottles that have

been
with

even

22nd,"
2iird.

weeks,

may
but that is
before it is
not the fault of the bottle,but
rather
of the bee-keeper, who
ought to know better. I have seen
zinc has
put on when the perforated

"

Rather

Foggy

REMARKS.
dull all day, and begin to rain about 7 p.m,
morning'
continuing so all day, but increasing in evening,

clear at midnight.
24th." Foggy in morning, clearer after,and very much
clear than
more
we
have hnd it lately. Moonlight at night.
25th." Not foggy, but a damp uncomfortable
Snow at
day, no sunshine.
10.30 A M.
26th. Fine morning, rather dull after,but very bripht between
and
one
two, rnther less so in the afternoon, overcast at nicht.
27th. Very fine morning, rather cloudy after,and
few rain-drops between
a
about
and two (heavy rain in the south of London
the
one
samo
time).
Fine night.
28th. Fine in morning and
continued
all day, not bright, but fair.
so
Bright moonliijht at night.
Atmosphere very damp throughout the week, temperature rather higher
than duringthe previous fortnight,hut stilllow for the season.
Barometer
rather high and very steady for November."
G. J. Symons.
"

"

"

COVENT

and the bees inside starving

propolis,
been gnmmed-up
the food
where
I have seen many
cases
for want of the food.
forminga coat of impervious hard-bake
has been crystallised,
Apples
strainer tied over the bottle ; and others, Apricots
the canvas
all over
Cherries
the strainer has been too fine or the food too thick,the
where
Chestnuts
concave
CmTants
food has been sucked out until the strainer has become
Black
zinc,and, as no air can get through, the
above the perforated

bees have been tantalisedwith the food justout of their reach,

and themselves on the point of starvation. I do not, however,
recommend
rapidfeedingeither with the bottle or by any other
means,

as

there

is

no

condition

that X

am

aware

of in which

ments
; let the unprejudicedtry experirapid feedingis not injurious
the bottle,let them
for themselves ; but if they use
avoid the blunders I have exposed.
carefully
My plan is to invert the bottle on to a plaintin shovel,like
withdraw
the perforated
zinc,and steadily
a littledustpan,set it on
the shovel ; thus there is no waste or mess, and the syrup
01 course, if the
is brought into actual contact with the zinc.
zinc is too coarse, or the syrup too thin,or the hive unlevel,
be
detected by the
soon
the syrup will escape, which
may
bubbles
of air rising too rapidly,and should be rectified.
English Mechanic and World of Science.
"

Mr. Thornhill,of Crumpsall Green, near

Manchestur, recentlyfound one of his Ducks dead upon her
She had been ailingfor some
nest.
months, and could neither
eat nor lay. The body was opened, and there was taken from
Enormous

Egg."

MARKET."

GARDEN

NovF.MBsa

29.

RoiTGH
with a heavy sale at present, and
goods meet
Foreign imports, owing
coming precludes any advance,
weather, are also large.
8.

i sieve

2
0
0

doz.
lb.

lb.
doz.
^100

Ot

Peaches

doz.

Mulberries
Nectarines

Oranges

bushel
i sieve

10
0

Pears, Icitcben

doz.

do.

dessert

doz.

doz.
lb.
lb.
lb.

0
0
2
0
8
3

6
6
0

Figs

Filberts
Cobs

Grapes, Hothouse....

quart
%^100

Gooseberries
Lemons
Melons

d.
0to4
0
0
0

the quantity
the settled

to

each

lb.

Pine Apples
Plums

4 sieve

0
lb. 0
lb. 0
doz.
0
bashel
10

Raspberries
Strawberries
Quinces

Walnuts
ditto.

0
0

0
0

VEGETABLES.
s.

doz.

ArtichoteB
Asparagiis
Kidney
Beans,

bushel
doz.
bundle

Broad

d.
OtoO
0
0

B.

d
0
0
0

0
0
0

9.

Leeks
Lettuce
Mushrooms
" Cress,
Mustard
Onions

Sprouts..J sieve

0
6
0

doz.

Parsnips

^H'O

6
6
0

Peas
Potatoes

Beet, Red
Broccoli
Brussels

^^-lOO. 0
i^sieve

Cabbiige

Capbicums

bunch

Carrots

doz.
Cauliflower
bundle
Celery
Coleworts.. doz. bunches
each
Cucumbers

pickling
Endive
Fennel
Garlic
Herbs

Horseradiah

,.

pickling

bunch
doz.

pottle
.punnet
bushel

quart
sieve
doz.

Parsley

quart
buhhel

Kidney
doz.

do.
bunches
bjndle
"io7:.

16
2 0
0
6
0 0

2
4
1

Radishes.,
Rbubarb

Sea-Bale

doz.

bunch
lb.
buneh

.lbbushel
''oz.
Tomatoes
bunch
Turnips
.doz.
p"egetableMarrows.

...duz.

bundle

Savoys
Shalb.ts

Spinach

basket

0
1

d.
s.
StoO
n
a
0

JOUBNAIi

431
Perfection de Lyon
Anna
Baronne

"

de Diesbach
A. de Bothschild

OF

HOETICULTUBE

Madame
Lselia

Trifle

Charles

Ronillard

Keine du Midi

Madame

SophieCoquerelle

Madame

Jacquier

Boll
Madame
President "VVillermoz

Thomas

Methven

Derroux

Madame

Bravy

HippolyteFlandrin

Baronne

Gonella

Olirier Delhomme

Fran9oisLonvat

DonviUe

CULTURE.

COTTAGE

[ December

GAEDENEE.

7, 1871.

in such a rich compost as the finer flowers,

not be grown
and
but littlemanure
water should be given it.
If it is intended to grow specimen plantsfor exhibition,
the
be inserted in November
one
cuttingin the
both of the large-flowered
3 inch pot,in the case
The pots should then be placedin a
sections.
the glassfor two or three weeks until the plants
close pitnear
heat can
established.
If a very gentle bottom
be maintained
are
roots
the cuttings will strike out
and
when
sooner,
rooted they ought to have an ample supply of air on all favourable
be
intended
for
blooms
occasions.
Should
the plants
cut
the
small specimen plants only,February and March
or
are

cuttingsshould
of

centre

and

C. P. Peach.

CHRYSANTHEMUM

AND

"

Anemone

best months
in. If the cutting-potsare
to propagate them
placed in a gentlehotbed they will form roots at once, and the
lengtheningdays and increasingheat will tend to the formation
of fine stockyplants,which
care
will not require the same
as
those struck before Christmas.
the cutting-potsare
When
filled with roots the plants should be shifted into 6-inch pots,
and
well established change into Si -inch pots,
again when
north and east, much
which
are
themum.
encouragement is given to the Chrysanlarge enough for the Pompon section to flower in.
Societies have been formed, and the exhibitions are
The large-flowered
varieties should be again shifted into 11-inch
invariablyheld about the middle of November, as in ordinary pots.
the flower is in full beauty at that time.
This being a
Those plantsrequired for cut blooms
should be grown from
seasons
late season, however, forcinghad to be resorted to in order to
the first for this purpose.
They should not be pinched at all,
bring the blooms forward enough, which is unfortunate,as it and each plantshould be grown with a singleshoot,and allowed
the character of the flower.
each
to produce but very few flowers
from three to six on
spoils
The head-quartersof the Cbrjsanlhemum
is Stoke Newingplant three plants being potted in an 11-inch pot, so that
and
there
is
the
The
most
o
f
each
flowers.
oldest,and, perhaps,
flourishing
tOD,
potful may produce from nine to eighteen
the societies. At its Exhibition
Anemone-flowered
varieties and the Japanese,when
prizesare offered for plantsor
grown for
flowers in all the classes except the Japanese. This class does
the qualityof their blooms
alone, should be treated in the
mone
not yet rise in popular estimation,and has no placewith those
the large-flowered
manner
as
same
section,as ought the Anewho cannot look kindly on anything except what is called in
Pompons, except that 8i-inch pots will be sufficiently
garden language a florist's flower. For my part I confess to a large to flower these last in. The compost in which I have
of
found
them
succeed
best is three parts turfy loam, one
greatlikingfor the Japanese varieties. The colours are more
brilliantand decided,and the peculiarshape and arrangement rotted manure,
and some
a 10-inch potful
pounded oystershells,
of the florets have a very distinct and quaint effect. A few
being added to each barrowload of the compost.
stands
of cut blooms, or collections of pot plants,would
be
The plantswill require the protectionof cold frames or an
admired by all,and be an
objectof wonder to some, if they airypit until the end of April, and the lightsought to be
allowed a place on
the exhibition-table.
Another
tage
advanwere
entirelyremoved in fine weather,as the plantsunder glassare
About the end of April they may stand
attending this class is that the flowers do not require apt to become drawn.
"
dressing,"whereas, before a stand of twenty-fourincurved
out of doors in an
airypositionon a hard worm-proof bottom
be placed on
the exhibition-table,
blooms can
of ashes or some
they must be
similar material.
They ought to be carefully
ing
dant
abunwatered
until the pots are well filled with roots, when
Bubjectedto many hours of tedious manipulation. This dresssometimes
is
carried to excess, as witness the stands exhibited
The summer
ment
treatsuppliesought to be given to them.
at South Kensington on
November
1st. It was
consists
in
attention
to
careful
and
watering,
apparent
unremitting
to an ordinaryobserver that the centres of the flowers had been
and syringingor watering overhead
in dry hot weather.
The
torn bodilyout, and enough florets did not remain
to hide the
shoots should be pinched until the middle of June, and trained
disfigurement.
to sticks as they requireit.
The
Dressing cut blooms of Chrysanthemums is necessary to a
trainingis a matter of taste ; some
prefera pyramid
certain extent,and winked at by all the societies,
but it should
form
for Pompons, others train the shoots down
until the
not go further than removing a badly-formed floret or a few
flat
surface
a
plants present
slightlyrounded towards
upper
which
stamens
This
section may
be trained into very pretty
prevent the centre of the flower from closing the centre.
If this is all that is done
to the flowers,the most
over.
standards,with clean stems of 2i to 3 feet high. The largeflowered varieties are
practised cannot say for certain that the flower has been
generallytrained in the form of dwarf
dressed ; but where
the dressing is apparent to the ordinary bushes, each flower being supported by a neat stick painted
looker-on it ought not to be allowed.
varieties incurve
Some
I
have
also
ing
natural-lookrecentlyseen
green.
very handsome
naturally,and require no dressing,whilst others,which are to
specimens formed by trainingthe plantsto a centre shoot,
be seen in all the best stands,must be dressed.
This delicate
and not stopping this or any of the side shoots.
They then
is performed by a pair of tweezers specially
"operation
designed have the appearance of inverted pyramids, and make excellent
for the purpose.
back-ground plants.
There is also at the exhibitions a class providedfor AnemoneA list of the best sorts to grow is desirable,
and for this we
flowered varieties,
which
shown
are
in singleblooms, and the
of the
must go back to those sent out before the establishment
Anemone
and to these ought now
broken
If there
Pompons in trebles,
to be
Messrs.
Salter,at Hammersmith, was
up.
added a class for Japanese,either as cut blooms
or
specimen have been any good varieties sent out since then, I have not
them except on pictures. I am
plantsin pots, or both. A few notes on the culture of Chryseen
to the largesanthemums
alludingnow
of your readers
incurved section.
We
must
to a large flowered,
fall back on
our
friend,
may be useful to some
there
for
who
do
few
not
the
Has
he
class,perhaps
are
seen
D., Deal's,"experience.
anything good during
very
grow
There have been some
additions
the last two seasons
Chrysanthemum, though it very seldom receives the attention
?
good
to which its high value as a decorative plant entitles it. Those
Bonum
and Jane Salter are
to the Japanese class. Magnum
who have only limited means, and do not intend to grow for distinct and very good varieties ; the latter,
I think, the most
exhibition,should have a few of the best and most approved pleasingflower yet raised in its class.
will require to grow a largenumber
sorts only. Exhibitors
of
and
In adding a list of varieties I will placethem in classes,
in order to be able to cut twenty-fourdistinct ones
varieties,
name
only those flowers which I have grown and proved to be
on
a given day.
good.
A noticeable fact with regard to this flower is that a variety
for Cut Blooms.
Antonelli,Aurea multiflora,
Large-flowered
and of the best qualitythe next.
season
Bella Donna, Beethoven, Beverley, Blonde
may be worthless one
Beauty, Bronze
One of our most successful exhibitors recentlytold me
that he
Jardin des Plantes,Cassandra,Cherub, Donald
Beaton, Duchess
thought of discardingthat magnificentvarietyPrincess Teck, of Wellington, Eve, Empress of India, General Bainbrigge,
since with him
it is worthless as an
exhibition flower,whilst
Lady Slade,Golden Beverley,Guernsey Nugget, Her Mnjesty,
with me
it has never
failed to be first-class; and other flowers
Isabella Bott,Jardin des Plantes,John
Salter, Lady Harding,
which I have seen
coarse
very fine at exhibitions are invariably
Lady Talfourd,Le Grand, Lord Derby, Mr. Gladstone, Mrs.
with me.
flower
that has a tendency to coarseness
Any
should
Cunningham, Mrs. G. Bundle, Mrs. Sharpe, Novelty, Pink
who

fortunate
enough to possess a large glass
house, which they can devote exclusivelyto the culture of the
Chrysanthemum, will now, if they have properly managed
their plants,have such a displayof floral beauty as cannot be
obtained from any other class of plantsin the dreary month
of
in the
November.
In the neighbourhood
of London, especially
Those

are

"

"

"

"

"

"

7, 1871. ]

December

JOUENAL

OF

HORTIOULTUKE

AND

COTTAGE

GAEDENEB.

435

the appearance
than a flour ball,but it,like
of a wax
Perfection,Plains, Prince of Wales, Prince Alfred, Princess more
of
Beatrice,Princess of Teok, Princess of Wales, Queen of England, EarlyEose, may improve by keeping, as remarked
by one
Eev. J, Dix, Sir Stafford Carey, Venus, White
until after Christmas.
If I had to grow
Globe, and
your correspondents,
Perfection.
in
this
Annie
Yellow
The best for pots
section are
but one
kind I should select the true Lapstone, as I consider
that is not lo be surpassed either for a second or late crop ; and
Salter,Aurea
Multiflora,Dr. Sbarpe, Gloria Mundi, Her
Majesty,Lidy Harding, Empress of India, Mrs. G. Eundle, as most of us only want about three or four kinds, it would be
a great boon
Prince of Walea, and Venus.
to many
if a few of the numerous
readers of the
and also Potato-growersfrom difierent localities,
The best Pompons are Aurore BorSale,Bijou de rHortienlture, Journal,
would
three
Cedo
but
or
enumerate
four sorts that are reallysuited to their
Bjb, Brilliant,
Nalli,and its golden, lilac,and brown
varieties ; Drin Drin, Golden Aurore, La Vogue, Mdlle. Marthe, soil. We should then all know what to grow without wasting
Miss Jalia,Mrs. Dix, Saint Thais, Eose and White
Trevenna, so much time, seed,and ground.
and Trophee.
Name.
Disease.
Quality.
Quantity.
Ist
None
let
liope,
Anemone
*Myatt'9ProlificAshleaf
Antonius, Astrea, CalPompons for Cut Blooms.
Ashleaf
1st
1st
None
Royal
Eugfioe Laujuulet,Fire Fly, Jean Hachette, Madame
Snd
1st
Old Ashleaf
Slightly
Madame
Marie
Madame
GramS,
Montels,
Stuart,
Chalonge,
of
1st
None
1st
Champion
England
Miss Nightingale,Mr. Astie, Mr. Wyness, Perle,Princess DagAlma
2nd
Small
Kidney
Badly
mar, Queen of Anemones, Sidonie,and Zobeide.
1st
American Rose
Extra
None
Empress, Fair Margaret, Flenr
Large-floweredAnemones.
2nd
Dobson's Seedling
Small
Badly
de Marie, Gluck, King of Anemones,
Lady Margaret, Louis
Flonrball
3rd
Extra
None
(Sutton's)
Godereau, Miss Margaret, Mrs.
Bouamy, Madame
Pethere,
Extra
Devonshire Kidney
Ist
Badly
Prince of Anemones, Qaeen Margaret, and Sunflower.
None
1st
Gloucestershire Kidney
2nd
None
Extra
1st
EarlyMay
Japanese. Comet, Dr. Masters,Grandiflorum, James Salter,
Paterson's Victoria
1st
Moderate.,
Badly
Mandarin, Meteor, Prince Satsuma, Negro, Hed Dragon, The
Ist
Ist
"LapstoneKidney
Badly
Mikado, The Saltan,and Viceroy of Egypt. J. Douglas.
....

"

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

"

....

....

....

....

....

....

....

"

"

....

....

....

....

"

Worcester

Silks

lat

SkerryBlue
SELECT

Manchester

PEACHES.

Scotch

Moderate

....

2nd
Blue

1st
2nd

Cup

None

Slightly
Slightly
Slightly
Badly
Badly
Badly

Ist

3?air

....

...

Extra

Prince of Wales
Good
3rd
interestingarticle in your Journal of October 26lb,
The King
2na
Good
of various Peaches
are
quoted. Having been eucA Regent
1st
Good
oessfnl in the cultivation of some
varieties not there mentioned,
S. Tayloe, Sion Hill,Kidderminster.
readers.
my experiencemay not be without interest to some
I entirely
endorse
Mr. Douglas's opinion of Early Beatrice ;
last summer
mine were
poor and watery. Hale's Early, grown
BERRIED
HOLLY.
in a neighbouring pot in a cool orchard house, ripened its fruit
The
profusionof berries upon the Holly this winter is very
two or three days sooner, and, though small,was
of delicious
remarkable.
flavour. Early Eivera was very inferior in flavour as compared
Here, in Mid-Sussex, the common
green Holly
in thousands
in the hedgerows, and may be seen
to last season.
On the back of my orchard house is a twenty- abounds
upon
land
"The
track
of
known
the
waste
as
Peach
Forest,"
with a moderate
wide-spread
it.
five-year-old
Eoyal George
crop on
bush to splendid speciFour Peaches, of course
mens
selected as the best,weighed as nearly ranging in size from the low-stunted
a
as
cumference. of perfectform and noble proportions. There is now
possiblehalf a pound each, and measured
9} inches in cirof many
trees
beautiful displayof red berries,the branches
Early Crawford is not so much grown as it should
their
winter
in
such rich profusion
fruitage
be ; its flavour is good, if it is not allowed to become too ripe, being laden with
I have never
as
seen
and then it is apt to become
equalled.
mealy. Its appearance is most
this
abundance
of
berries
I
to be very general,,
at
dessert.
I
think
the
best
Peaches
Holly
late
I
had
magnificent
suppose
ful.
some
trees near
last season
the Malta ; they were
were
as I latelysaw
wall
Woking, in Surrey,very fruiton
a south
grown
theI need not dilate upon
the charming effect which
without
therefore not ready till October,for I
glass,and were
live amongst mountains, and therefore our sun
is often clouded, bright red berries have in contrast with the glossydeep-green
Christmas
too
is
associated
with
and my garden is 450 feet above the sea.
The
above Peaches
intimately
foliage. Holly
festivities not to be well known
to old and young, and I would
coloured well,and their flavour was
excellent.
Albert Victor Nectarine is a very good late kind ; I believe it ask.Why it is not more
frequentlyplanted in largequantities
LiurelZ'
in place of that sickly-looking
is one
of Mr. Eivers's seedlings. It is not equal to his Victoria.
plant the common
ing
No Nectarine can
C. E.
ever
Here, at Oldlands, it grows in the woods by thousands, thrivsurpass, nay equal that.
shade
well
in
or
deepest
brightestsunshine; no
equally
drip or crowding affects its health,its sturdy nature enabling

In

the

an

....

names

....

....

"

POTATO
I

TRIAL.

last year ;
upon my present situation in November
that they could scarcelyever
my employer told me
get a good
an
eating Potato off the garden ; and as my predecessor was
and had been there nearlythirtyyears, I thought
elderlyman
he must
either have used his own
tired
seed until it was
of the soil or the soil was
tired of it, or perhaps both.
I
ENTERED

under circumstances
and in situations such as
fatal to most other shrubs.
Its growth may be
but it can
never
be called ungraceful; and
somewhat
stiff,
it
its
winter
as
on
magnificenceof
when,
puts
full,rich,
now,
scarlet and green, it far surpasses all other shrubs in beauty.
stand
underThere is a peculiarity
I cannot
of the Holly which
be frequently
of trees, may
trees, or a number
; two
seen
growing side by side,apparently equally vigorous,and
very similar in every respect, with this exception that some

it to flourish
would
prove

determined, therefore,to try a fresh stock, and so collected

twenty difierent kinds from various partsof the country. Now,
will be laden with berries,while others are
totallybarren.
of these kinds
although it has been such a wet season, some
Why is this ? Am I to suppose that there are male and female
have far exceeded my expectations
both in quantityand quality.
be in the
trees ? If so, the only perceptibledifference must
I send you a list of the kinds I have tried,with remarks
garding
reexamined
closely. Edwaed
flowers,and these I have never
these points,and also with regard to the disease.
LUCKHUKST.
My soil is what I consider a good Potato soil,
neither heavy
nor
light,but with a good deal of sand in it. Those kinds
"

"

marked
with an asterisk f*)are what I have selected as the
best suited for our
soil,but I regard the three best {in the
order named) as Myatt's Prolific Aahleaf,Early May, and Lap-

stone
I

Kidney.

ORANGE

TREES

UNDER

VINES.

how
well Oranges thrive
Few
are, I think,aware
persons
under the shade of Vines if properlyattended
to. I have for
the St. Michael and Tangerine Oranges in
several years grown
In this house there is
the cooler portionof a lean-to house.
the brick flue and the wall.
in front a 6 feet border between
In this the Vines are
planted next the wall, which is built on
border next the flue are
a
of
row
arches,and in the same
Tangerine Oranges. There is a narrow
stripbehind the back
flue,where are placed several largeOrange trees in pots. A

planted a halt-peckof the American

Early Eose, and the
produce was nearlyeightpecks all sound, and only three tubers
have
become
diseased since they were
lifted. Upon trying
their qualitywhen
first taken up they were
not eatable either
boiled,steamed, or roasted ; but since being stored they boil
white, with the exception of a
very mealy and dry beautifully
Fiourball is an
immense
slighttinge of pink in the middle.
gentleheat is given during the cold months
for
and
size
but when cooked presents frost,and the trees are constantly
examined
cropper both
quantity,

so
as
to keep out
for scale and rust.

436

JOUrvNAL

017

HIRTIOUuTUEj

ANO

COT

TAG

GAEDENSB.

7, 1871.

[ December

Manure
laid on

water is given nearly once

a-week, and a little Boot ia be seen, but theyare
rare, and each year are
becoming more
the top as a dressing. Several of the trees are
well
'Jhere appears to be little disposition
scarce.
to plantuseful
with
fruit
hung
now
turning yellow,while the leaves are of a fruits in cottagegardens
with
what
there
in years
was
compared
fine dark green, and the growth of wood
is very vigorous. On
This is most
traceable
the diminished
to
by.
gone
probably
one
Tangerinetree I ripened last year thirty-six
nice Oranges. number
of freeholds.
Oranges grown for dessert,of course, do not pay as a speculation,
While fullyadmittingthe drawbacks of the principle
so
but the trees with their golden fruit are
very handsome,
led out,there can
can
be no doubt but that,in many
steadily
and
form
little cheerful winter
a
garden." J. C. Baenham, instances,the purchasingof small holdingsby capitalists
and
Nonoich.
to add to their estates has been of benefit
largelanded proprietors
to the districts. Decent
have gradually
taken the
dwellings
SCARCITY
OF
FRUIT
AND
THE
REMEDY.
hovels unfit for human
and
place of tumble-down
habitation,
NoTHiNQ
SO
measures
fullyproves the value and utiUtyof a plentifulthe sanitary
adopted have tended to diminish diit and
of
supply fruit,
of generalscarcityincrease morality. But there is such a thingas moral pauperism,
especially
Apples,as seasons
like the present. In a prolific
and it is a questionif it is not beingfostered by the presentstate
fruit year the demand
for gocd produce
of things.
is alwaysequal to the supply,whilst a dearth of fruit is to
littleshort of a calamity.The populationof the
If landlords would but establishsmall farms on
is
many
long leases,

kingdom
growing apace. Cities and towns are expandingand sweeping they would strike a deadlyblow at the ugly pauper question,
How
how many
away trees by thousands.
orchards, which is a growing evU. The pure labourer has nothingelse to
trees,
many
look forward
in the immediate
himself out
once
to.
He has not the means
of helping
outskirts of fast-spreading
flourishing
of it,however
towns
within
the
last
have,
willinghe may be to do so.
twenty years, been uprooted when
But fruit is the question,
in the plenitudeof fruitfulness
has
and buying-upof small holdings
? How
tons of fruit have
many
been taken from the consumer
tree
shows
a
ty this means
? Were it,
signs of decaya
however, tended to diminish it. When
landlord does not hesitate to plantanother to take its place,but
loss in a tabulated form, we should be startled
its magnitude. This loss can
onlybe met by a correspondingit is very different with the yearlytenant. Cottagetenants are,
increase of trees.
Has such increase been suificient to restore the
the first
trifling
naturally,
very reluctant to plant. However
balance f Up to the presenttime results would seem
cost of trees may
to answer
be, the fact of their becomingthe propertyof
the landlord the moment
in the negative.Unquestionably
of trees are
theyare in the ground, has a decidedly
largenumbers

possibleto put the

hy

every year
more

are

deterrent effect on
planted; perhaps,
numbers
indeed,so far as mere
go,
being put in than duringany previous period. argues thus : " I am

now

But

where
do we
look for the great increase of planting,
and
what
the characters of the trees planted? On this point
are
there can be littlequestionthat the placesmore
than others where
the regular
of trees is a part of the yearlyroutine are in
planting
the grounds of the nobility
and gentry ; and the reason
they are
planted in greater numbers than in
times is explainable

may
trees

them

the

mind

not

of the tenant.

goingto buy trees

A yearly
tenant
for my landlord,I
again." That fruit

be gone soon
and never
see
my money
are valued is certain by the fact that a
is seldom long without
The
tenant.
a

strikingthat,as

soon

as

man

garden

mtaining

fact also is very

getsa pieceof groundas his own,

it may be, the fii'st
thinghe does is

it hardlymatters
how small
past
by to plantfruit trees.
the different class of trees now
find it,
the law,but taking it as we
Now, without assailing
a
available, of which
given
number
without taking cognisance
less space than the ancient standard type. and
of any possible
go in infinitely
compensatory
The free planting
of trees of this specialclass in such placesis a
at
be
ventured.
rate
code, a suggestion
Considering
may
any
the growing scarcitj'
"wise practice.
of fi-uitin village
gardens,and the cause that
trees are naturally
in favour with the gardener. has mainlycontributed to it,would it not be well if the landlords
Early-bearing
He is,as a rule,of migratory
the expediency
of furnishing
number
habits.
of
a reasonable
Anxious
to see the fruits could see
of his labours,
he plantsthose which produce the soonest
well-selected kinds of useful fruit trees to the gardens of their
; and
it cannot be denied that,in
and
it is the only means
tenantryP The first cost to them would be a mere
instances,
trifle,
many
he can adopt,as, before slower bearers are in
this would not be lost,
in time,
even
rental would
as the annual
anythinglike perfection,
he probably
with justice,
be increased,
and would even
be gone.
then be an advantage
the
may
They also "well serve
owner's
purpose, for he, too,likes quick returns ; besides,
they to the rentpayer. The extensive adoption of this plan would
not only benefit those directly
which is coveted.
concerned,but would also confer
give the extensive variety
This extensive planting,
and the consequentplentiful
advantage on the nation at large. Trees for this
supply, an important

add,however, but
That they have an

little to the fruit resources

of the nation.
purpose should be of the old-fashioned standard type,requiring
httle or no trouble to keep in order.
effect there can
tural
culLet those possessing
be no doubt,but it is almost
and a positive
tent
effect is better.
In such places
solely
negative,
knowledgeplantbushes and pyramids to their heart's contrees are
the old-'ashioned standard orchard
planted to give a fair supplyin even
a
; but for the inexperienced
sufficiently
of scarcity.
season
This is as it should be.
of satis'action.
trees will,in the end, give the greatestamount
But on
the other
hand
in a good season
The
be
mind
the surplusis immense.
to
in
in selection is to piant as few kinds
Where
does it
point
kept
In
far
?
to
Codlin
too
a?
and
Lord Suflfield,
Domino
as
it
is
neither
allowed
to
possible.Early
be
go
instances,
Apples
many
sold nor
Blenheim
and
This is not as it should be.
and later ones
as
I remember
givenaway.
Pippinand Dmnelow's
Seedling,
that a great boast of a gentleman was
such as these plantedin duplicatewould, over
Victoria Plums
that he gave his pigs a
ton of Applesa-year.
be of more
real service than calhng into requisiHe, of course, had a perfectrightto give and over again,
tion
the fruit to the swine,and a righteven
varieties.
to boast about
or
a hundred
fiity
it,but
the proprietyof the deed is questionable.
best
The
kinds.
The
with
dessert
same
to
to
regard
way
Largeplantation?of
fruit trees have also been made by
ensure
profitis to select a very few of the very best,and ot these
judiciousnurseryfar-seeing
men
lor the purpose
of realising
trees of Cox's Orange Pippin and
profitsby the sale of fruit. plant largely. A hundred
The
returns have done credit to their
would
Sturmcr
and skill in
Pippin,for instance,
givea better return than
"

judgment

but that the demand

selection,
is still great is evidenced
by
the extreme
Similar plantations
pricesobtained.
are
yet needed
for the benefit of the
and
would
leave
a
good margin
consumer,
of profit
to the producer,
taking into account the reduction in
yalue from an increased supply.
Besides the loss of fmit by the encroachment
of towns, the
supplyin countryproduce is diminished and diminishing.This,
again,is not as it should be. Judging from the garden and
orchard ground disposable
in countryparishes,
it is
reasonable

plantingthe

number
in as many or half as many
varieties.
same
in selecting
trees is not quite so much
recognised
it should be. It is easy to err in planting
too many
It is well that this be impressedon
gardeners
young

Limitation

generallyas
sorts.

especially.

would also call attention to another point. Many persons

planttrees who do not do so if theyhad a site whereon to
bility
plant. The point I conceive to be worth a thought is the advisaof
Now
plantingfruit trees in and about shrubberies.
surely
to expect that nearly
that Beet and Kale are considered legitimate
for flowersubjects
every villageshould grow suificient
fruit for its own
gruous
garden ornamentation, surelyfruit trees will not be voted inconconsunption.This,however, is by no means
the case, and the villagepopulationsare
as
shrubberydecorative objects.Indeed, they cannot
importantcompetitors
with the cities and towns for the
with
much
be
to
for
this
reason
growing
productionsof the greatfruitobjected
purpose, seeingthey aro
districts of our own
and foreign
countries.
prepared for and admitted into the conservatory for the sake of
Take a generalglanceat the character of the trees in the rural
their floral effect. On the merits of their pro'use and delicate
districts. As a rule they are
fit and proper
as
fast fixUingtinted blossom alone,fruit trees are submitted
scraggy and decrepid,
mto decay; and apparently
Then
there is scarcely
anything to lake their subjectsfor extensive association with evergreen shrubs.
places. Many of these trees have in their best days produced there aro the additional ornament, and,what is more
to tbo point,
half a ton of fruiteach in good seasons.
of largotowns every
the usefulness of the fruit. In the vicinity
A few such are atiU to
_

would

7, 1871. ]

December

JOUENAL

AND

HORTICDLTUEE

OF

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

437

Misa Maredevoted to flower with very fine blooms of Princess Teck, Pinlc Perfection,
instances,
pieceof ground is,in numberless
chaax, Mrs. Pethers (Anemone-flowered)
are
; and of Japanese hinds,
largefruit-consumers.
gardenand shrubbery. The occupiers
Red
fine
in
Dr.
Bronze
colour;
Masters,
Dragon,
Dragon,
it.
very
They have it all to buy, but most would prefer growing
Grandifloram, Magnum Bonum, and others. Mr. Goddard, gardener
Shapely pyramids of Fears, Plums, and Apples, intermixed
who
to H. Little,
Twickenham,
was
third,had
Esq.,Cambridge Villa,
with shrubs, would
give them fruit and flowers too, and could excellent
examples of Red Dragon,Comet, The Daimio, and Auranhardlyoffend the taste of even the most rigidajsthetic.Whether
and
tium (Japanesevarieties),
good blooms of the incurved kinds.
the
good and bad neighbour"theory has anythingto do with Mr. Hobbs, Lower Easton, Bristol,and Mr. Geoige,gardenerto Miss
"

I canuut
but I observe that fruit trees, in common
tell,
deciduous
trees generally,
invariablyflourish admirably
good crops of Apples
amongst evergreen shrubs. The only reall}'
where the branches
I have this year seen
were
amongst shrulis,
lent
to the ground by the heavytresses of excelbowed
were
literally
it or

not

with

fruit.
Well,if so,

"

Sheltered

from

its value.
recognise

for

competition.In

this

remarkablyfine examplesof The

Madame
Godillot,Japanese

were

Daimio, Red Indian, Aurantium,

of
kinds,and some
large blooms

and
the

Salter and Golden

Beverley. Mr.
say.
may
had
also a
this pointalone the subject Dosat, Putney Heath,

frost,"perhapssome
On

largeblooms, amongst which were

Plantes and Empress of India

is worth

consideration.
reference to the

Nicholson,Putney Heath, also exhibited. Messrs. Jackson " Son, of

shown
Kingston,had a specialcertificate for a stand of twenty-four,
not

incurved

kiods, notably John

Shrimpton,gardener

to Mrs.

specialcertificatefor some
finest examples of Jardin

the

A.

very
des

this year.
John
we
have seen
Salter
by spring and others were likewise very fine.
lessen this by
Class 4 was
for the beat collection of Hardy Evergreensbearing
that
those who are able and yet do not pay attention to it,and
exclusive of Hollies. Messrs. Standish " Co., of Ascot, were
berries,
is the grouping of fruit trees among
forest trees. It is quite the onlyexhibitors,
and took a first prizewith beautifully
little
grown
of forest trees contiguous
the cheerful
to see plantations
to country plantsof varieties of Pernsttyamucronata, P. pilosa,
common
Aucubas
Skimmia
residences. The primaryobjectof these is shelter. If in the
grafted as half-standards,
japonica,berry-bearing
also offered for collections
Prizes were
centre of such plantations
a placewere
plantedwith fruit trees, and Cotoneaster Simmondsii.
forward.
of nine Hollies and of sis Bos, but no exhibitors came
as
ward
an
orchard,the shelter would be just the same, and the outClass 7 was for nine Hardy Evergreens of the Yew or Cypresstribo
valuable
would be justthe same, while much
appearance
in 12-inch pots. Messrs.
Standish had the first prize. Foremost
fruitmight be drawn from the interior,
in such seasons
especially
amongst their collection were Taxus fastigiata
aurea, a beautiful Golden
the blossom on exposed trees and orchards is killed
as this,when
Yew
browned
never
fragrans,
by the sun ; Cupressus Lawsoniana
mind's
frosts.
I
have
in
a
by spring
largewood on a finely
my
eye
furnished,and more
glaucous than the type ; and Retinospora
took a
of the workmen
estate. Some
gentleman's
of
the
of
the
years ago one
handsomest
one
Japanese Conifers,
new
lycopodioides,
fancy to put in some
graltsof Apples on the wild Crab stock and this one of the best specimens in the country. The others were
These trees eventually
R. pisifera
and
bore I'ruit,
R. obtusa ; Taxus
Retinosporaobtusa alba variegata,
stricta,
growingabout the wood.
what is more
to the point,
the trees in
coriacea,very distinct; and T. adpressa stricta.
gave useful crops when
Mr, George had an extra prizefor a box of cut flowers,consisting
the gardenswere
which
bare,in consequence of a lack of shelter,
of Cypripediums,
Camellias,Azaleas,"c.
afibrded to the trees in the wood.
In my very limited travels
was
Prizes were
offered for collections of hardy herbaceous
also
plants,
this summer
I have onlyseen
well-laden orchard,and
one
really
for Endive
and other Salading,but no one
forward to claim
came
it was
in a plantation
surrounded
and sheltered by Fir trees.
them.
Mr. Meakes, gardener to R. Fowler, Esq.,Petersham, sent a
that " If I
My remark at the time,spontaneously
uttered,was
but as it was
small collection,
not entered it could not take a prize.
had a plantationot my own, but I never
shall have, I should
Messrs. Carter " Co., High Holborn, offered prizesfor collections of
of the
trees in the interior and plant fruit vegetables-There
grub up some
was
only one exhibitor,Mr. Pragnell,Castlo
On reflection I firmly
adhtre to that remark, feeling Gardens, Sherborne, who took the first prizewith a large and very
trees."

In

frosts

somethingmay

confident

fruitwhen

devastation
done in

be

of fruit blossoms

plantationsto

that if put into action I should often have

at all. J. W
I should otherwise have none

plenty of

"

Lincoln.

fine

of various
collection. His Carrots
kinds, James's
Eeeping
Onions, Hollow-crowned
Scorzonera,Savoys,Kale,
Parsnips,
Salsafy,
Cabbages,"c., were most praiseworthy.

G. F. "Wilson, Esq., F.R.S., in the chair.

Fruit
Committee.
Messrs. Crescuolo, Kay, " Co., of Gracechurch
Street,sent fine specimens
of Globe TripoliOnions, grown
in Italy. These
imported
flavour of
Onions are said to be free from the strone disagreeable
used in salads.
Mr.
P. J. Perry,of Banbury, sent
Onions when
of the pure White Spanish Onion, which wera
some
very fine specimens
much
Messrs.
Sutton " Sons, of Reading,
admired and commended.
sent roots of New
new
Orange Naples Garlic,a remarkable
variety
of a round regularform like an
Onion, and not in the form of separate
cloves
in
the
old
and
of
as
colour. There
a peculiarorange
sort,
information in regardto their culture,and as they were
was
no
ported
im"

THE

MADRESFIELD

COURT

GRAPE.

excellent Grape in some

MOST
respects,being a good grower,
of free habit,and a good setter,with large berries and good
colour ; but the most
important qualityit lacks it will not
than three weeks or a month.
I have
keep after it is ripe more
tried it two years, last year in a late house, and this year in an
"

earlyhouse.
handsome,
colour,but

In the first,
or
earlyhouse, it was very fine and
with very large berries of good flavour and good
would
not
keep three weeks after it had become
ripe. I kept one bunch four weeks, but it was not fit to send
table.
That
iu
June.
At present (November1)I have
was
to
in a late house; they have been ripe since the end of
Bome
there is not a bunch
fit for use.
It is not so
September; now

good as the Hamburgh as regardskeeping qaalities.I would

iu the autumn
earnestlyadvise anyone
having a largedemand
to plant a good number
of it for its beauty and flavour.
I am
disappointedin it only in one respect namely, that it was said
to be a good late Grape. J. Fkeejian, Knowsley,Prescot.
"

"

"

and Pomologist.)
{Florist

ROYAL

"

roots the
grown
sent

Committee

SOCIETY.
6th.

reserved

an

opiniontill they had

been

in this country. Mr. William

Jones, Kelvoy,Nenagh, Ireland,
specimens of Leathercoat Potatoes as an example of the crop

the reclaimed lands of Ireland.

A winter Radish
from California,
received from Mr. Robinson, was
exhibited from the Society's
It is white and like the Teltauer
garden at Chiswick.
Turnip in
considered
nsefnl for
shape,very tender and succulent,and was
winter salad. It was
awai-ded a first-class certificate. Mr.
Sidney
grown

on

Ford,

The

Gardens, Leonardslee, Horsham,

sent

bulbs

of Veitch's

Red Globe
Turnip,sound and succulent. Mr. Sage, The Gardens,
sent roots of
Table
d'Hnte
Ashridge,
Potato,a long,small,deepMr. Piccirillo,
much used in Paris.
of Wigmore Street,
eyed variety,
sent heads of the NaplesChampion Cauliflower,
a variety
very similar
to Veitch's Autumn
Giant.
Mr. Parsons, The
Gardens, Danesbury,
their several
sent six sorts of Celeryfor the Committee
to distinguish
merits.
Grove
White, Hooley's Conqueror, Williams's
They were
"

HORTICULTURAL
December
had been

"

"

the weather
Although
very cold for two or three days
Matchless,Matchless White, Henderson's
White, and Matchless Pink.
a
good show for this time of Mr.
was, notwithstanding,
Cadger, The Gardens, Luton Hoo, sent a quantityof fruit of
this the case
with the fruit and vegetables.
was
year, and especially
Luton
much
lent
Hoo Cucumber, which were
commended
aa
beingexcelIn the floral department the novelties were
but few,and the certificates
of the year.
for the season
fewer still; yet as a whole this meeting, the last of the presentyear,
Mr. Young, gardenerto Lionel Ames, Esq.,The
St. Albans,
Hyde,
afforded most
encouraging prospectsof what we may expect nest
sent a very fine dish of Marie
Louise Pears.
with the
and
liberal
of awards
which
there
previously,

schedule
season
more
enlarged
Mr. G. Johnstone,gardener to Earl of Strathmore, Glamis Castle,
has offered.
the Society
Smooth
N.B., sent two handsome
Cayenne Pines,weighingin the aggregate
there
no
exhibitions iu Classes 1 and 2.
were
Of Tree Carnations
16 lbs. A specialcertificate was
Mr.
unanimouslyawarded.
In Class 3, for twenty-four
Japanese and late Chrysanthemums, W. G.
to G. D. W. Digby,Esq.,Sherborne
Pragnell,
gardener
Castle,
first with
Mr. E. Kowe, gardenerto Mrs. Lewis, Eoehampton, was
also sent a Smooth-leaved Cayenne Pine, weighing 7 lbs.,
but it was
a
Salter,Lady Hardiug, Mrs. Halliburton, little
very good examples of John
defective in gi-owth. Colonel Wallace, of Lochryan,Cairnryan,
Princess of Wales, Venus, Nil Desperandum, Mr. Brunlees, Isabella
sent fruit of Golden
with the following
N.B.,
Hamburgh
Grape,
Princess
pareil,
Bott, Miss Mary Morgan, Yellow Perfection,
Beatrice,Noncommunicatio'n :
Mr. Gladstone, Jardin des Plantes,Abbe Passaglia,
and Lady
"30th Nov., 1871.
and Red Dragon, large. Second,
Slade; of Japanese,Dr. Masters
Sir," I send you by post to-day in a small box some
berries of Golden
to
came
Mr. .Douglas,
gardener F. Whitbourn,Esq., Loxford Hall, Hamburgh Grape, which I will be glad if you will show to your Fruit
"

"

JOUKNAL

438

OP

HORTICULTURE

know
tbeir opinion of. They have been
Commiltee, and kindly let me
ripe since the beginning of August, and so I fear may not carry very well ;
but I Bend
in growinti that Grape
them, as I think we always succeed
here very successfullyboth as to size and finish, and we
sent them
even
finer than
those to the International
Show
in Edinburgh
in 1869.
I
attribute it to the borders being thoroui^blyaerated, and to there being
of any
kind
in them, as
no
manure
they are composed of ten parts
rotted sods, one
part of broken
bones, and one
part of lime rubbish, and
The
Vines are
now
nothing else whatever.
bearing the fifth crop, and so
at their best ; but as the bones
broken
were
they are, of course,
very
to be speedilyexhausted, I expect they will
large,and there is eo manure
remain
We
have
equally good, if moderately cropped, for many
years.
White Tokay to 14, 16, 8, and
less than
two
19 lbs.,and never
grown
bunches
on
a Vine.
On one
Vine this year we
had the largest and
smallest of these weights" 14 lbs. and 19 lbs.
Your oberlient servant,
"

"

William

S. F. A. Wallace."

These, when

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

[ December,

7. 1871

it would
gracefulness,

be a very desirable acquisition

for table
since Nature has generallysupplied leaves of
less beauty as a back or foil to flowers,we
more
or
cannot
artificial
greatlyerr in imitating so good an example in our
combinations.
We
in
Nature
notable
a
have, moreover,
very
example of this principleholding good, for we see in the fair
colours of the rainbow
that this gloriousmeesenger
rides npon
decoration.

For

a dark
hanced
cloud,and its beauteous tints are therebyenin brilliancy.The leaves of the plant that I am
abont
tenacious of life,
recommend
for if
are
not by any means
they are left out of water for a very short time ihey quail and
dry up beyond all power of revival. It is a British plant,fond
used for house
of rich soil and plenty of water ; but when
decoration with flowers that are to stand in water, this failing
or

spans

to

theyarrived,were large,handsome, and sound berries,

becomes
the leaves really
a virtue, and
of fondness
for water
but as theycame
some
siderably.
days before the meeting they had decayedconMr.
A. Ingram, The
enjoy the in-door hfe and the water so much, that after a week
Gardens, Alnwick Castle, sent
bunches
of Mrs. Pince,Lady Downe's, and a
not
in
bad
William
I
found
that
a
Mr.
living-room
they
only
kept fresh,but
seedling.
Paul, of "Waitham Cross, exhibited a bunch
of his
new
Grape, had curled up to the light,and felt quite firm and crisp,unlike
Waltham
in
Cross,
splendid condition. The bunch was very large, most leaves when kept a week in-doors.
This ia no other than
and the berries immense.
This received
first-classcertificateat a
a
Potentilla anserina,the Goose Tansy of
one
of the Cinquefoils,
forrner meeting,and it was
E. Hubbard, Esq., the
again much admired.
older botanists and the Mossies of the north of Scotland.
exhibited a fruit of the Osage Orange, grown
in the botanic gardenat
The
leaves being silky on
the under side,elegantlycut, and
Parma.
Messrs. Lane " Son, of Berkhampstead,
tion
sent a grand collecinterruptedlypinnate,seem
by Nature meant to adorn, and as
of Grapes,consisting
of Alicante,
Trebbiano, Gros Gnillanme,
the plant belongs to the Rosacea, the leaves fall in admirably
Muscat
of Alexandria, Bowood
Muscat, Duchess of Buccleuch, Lady
with Roses and all the Rose tribe in table decoration.
It is no
Downe's
Muscat
Hamburgh, Black Prince,Foster's Seedling,Frankenthal,and Black Hamburgh. The bunches
were
specimens matter which side of the leaf is seen, as the back is a silvery
splendid
of high cultivation,
and the collection received a special
this
the
The
of
and
face
certificate.
plant
a
light green.
foliage
grey,
From Messrs. Stuart " Mein, Kelso, came
of Borecole, should be treated as an
a quantity
aquaticwhen in-doors,and it will then
distinguished
as Stuart "
Mein's Extra Curled. This was as densely feel quite at home, and form a nest, or bed, or back for naked
and beautifully
curled as the finestcurled Parsley. Unfortunately,
it
be immersed
flowers,especially
Roses, whose stems must of course
arrived
too late to he submitted

to the Committee.

Floral

Committee."
W. Marshall, Esq.,in the chair. Mr. Lee,
florist,
Arundel, sent blooms of several seedling
tree Carnations,one
of

which. Mars, was

a
showy crimson scarlet. Mr. Clark, market
gardener,Twickenham, exhibited a collection of Cyclamens raised
from seed sown
Mr. Goddard,
January 28th,and in very good bloom.
gardener to H. Little,Esq.,Twickenham, also sent a collection of
Cyclamens. Queen of Crimsons,rich deep crimson, had a first-class

in water.
but
So much
in which to keep flowers,
for the wet medium
there ia also a dry one
for a very eleganttribe of plants which
also extremely useful for table decoration
are
viz.,the Grasses.
These should be raised high enough to let their gracefulcurves
to advantage,and should consist of mixed
and bends
be seen
species,not, as we frequentlysee them, a bundle or sheaf all
"

of one
sort, and not only so, but caricatured and dyed red, blue,
other unnatural
colour
for it is just
magenta, or some
givento Mr. Green, gardenerto mauve,
W.
Wilson
Saunders, Esq., Hillfield,Reigate,for Argyroxiphium the unnatural
arrangement of natural materials that is to be
with silvery
Donglasii,
little reprobatedin ordinaryhouse and table decorations.
long-lanceolate
leaves,an ornamental
plantfrom the Sandwich Islands. Yucca longifoliaalso came
from
Some
may think the arrangement of flowers an
easy matter,
the same
exhibitor. Mr. Chambers, gardener to J. Lawrence, Esq., and of little
importance ; but if so, why are premiums cffered
sent flowers of Ipomojacoelestina,
ISeddington,
large,and of a beautiful
of the millions
at exhibitions for the best? and what becomes
azure
blue. Messrs. Stan dish " Co
of Ascot, sent a very graceful
maidens
of nosegays
that the Hebrew
manufacture
in London,
plant.Asparagus decumbeng, with white and orange flowers,a native
in what
one
might term the " button-hole " business,where a
of the Cape of Good
Hope, but longknown in this country. It would
siijglePelargonium leaf is the background, and any showy
he a prettyplantfor table decoration.
Mr. Kerr, gardener to J. G.
flower,however
plain, in red or yellow, is very unnaturally
hibited
Market, exShephard,Esq.,Wickham
to form
the face?
I have watched
the craft at work,
mated
tree Carnations,
and
Messrs. Downie, Laird, " Laing a good
white Chinese Primula, called New
and have seen
exhibited
sprigs of Asparagus tied firmlyand fast to a
White.
Mr.
Eowe
a
fine white sportof
Thumb
shabby truss of Tom
Chrysanthemum Venus.
Pelargonium flowers,to form a
From
Messrs. Veitch,of Chelsea,came
of a yellowseveral plants
the flower of the
wild and disorderly. Now
posey knot
fruited Capsicum,called Yellow Gem.
These were
Potentilla anserina has five golden petals,and is of nearly the
admirablygrown
on
singlestems of a foot or so high,and each had from eighteen same
size as that of the wild Rose ; indeed,it is as like a single
to twenty-fourfruit. A fine collection of
hybrid Solanums, covered
R'jse as it well can
be ; it is, therefore,
in every way a meet
with berries,
from Mr. Williams, of HoUoway, had a special
cate.
certifiof the Rose tribe.
companion for any of the members
Mr. Williams also exhibited
a varietyof LycasteSkinneri,with
Those who admire Ferns have to sober down their ideas from
two flowers borne so
closelytogether that theyalmost resembled a
.doubled flower.
gaudy flowers,for the flowerless Fern tribes expend all their
Mr. Freeman, gardener to Sir J.
afford to rise
energies on the fronds,and therefore they can
Bart.,Beechwood, sent
Sebright,
five tine cones
of Picea
nobilis from a tree fifty-eight
old.
high in the leafyline. The Grasses, on the other hand, with a
years
Models of Umplebj's hot-water circulator,
but their
and of Eendle
and
row's
Burhave inconspicuous flowers,
few notable exceptions,
system of glazingwithout putty,were also exhibited.
of floweringare
habit and manner
exceedinglygraceful,and
they have no need of water to preserve their beauty when kept
The
dates of the Committee
Meetings and Shows for 1872 are
to many
in-doors.
This ia no small recommendation
parties,
January 17th,February14th,March 6th and 20th,April,3rd and 17th, who
are
so
peculiarlyplaced that they could not keep flowers
May 1st and lath,June 5th and 19th,July 3rd and 17th,August 7th
in water
for I must
in which
not hide the fact that the water
certificate.
A first-classcertificatewas

also

"

"

"

and

21st,September

4th

and

December 4th.
The second
June Show three days.

18th, October 2nd, November

May Show

will last two

days,and

6th, and

the first

decaying flowers are kept becomes exceedinglyoffensive : hence

the importance of dry flowers where there is any risk of floweia
kept in water being neglected. The three Brizas
maxima,
in flower,very attractive, and
media, and minor
are, when
in
native
Grasses.
When
as
our
of
serve
examples
beauty
may
their hearts of chaff dangling in the meadow, we would
we
see
gladlycany them home and admire their beauty for years to
come, for they are veritable immoitelles, and when enclosed in
tion
with stuffed birds they will last a lifttime. I menglasscases
these well-known
species to show the sweet and cleanly
character of Grasses when adopted for house decomtion.
of out flowers to
less speak,lightly
Let no one
think, much
look cheerful and
make
home
happy. And this luxury ia
"

"

CUT

FLOWERS

It is Baid in the
"

FOR

?i"^^woodcock

had
then be the
the partridge had
sure
be the

T would
Or

T would

TABLE

DECORATION.

:"
cookery-bookB

but the partridge'sbreast,

finest bird ever
drest ;
was
but the woodcock's
thigh,
finest bird over did fly."

Aud

SO it is with the
arrangement of flowers. The exhibitor of
Jioses 18 fain to add the
gracefulfrond of the Maidenhair Fern
to back the brilliantRose-bud,
notwithstanding the veil of
moss
around
it thrown ;" but as the frond of the Maidenhair
Fern bears no resemblance
to the natural foliage
oJ the Rose,
It a pinnate leaf could
be found
equal to the Fern frond in
"

within

of thousands, wherever there is a roadside or

I have used bushels of out flowers,
to adorn the apartments of noblemen's
purpose,

the reach

hedge-bank
grown

on

or

common.

7, 1871. ]

December

JOURNAL

OP

HOETICULTUEE

COTTAGE

AND

GARDENER.

439

mansions, and I have

carried a few out flowers to the table by

bedside of an invalid to cheer the dull surroundings of the sickroom
by their livelylooks and sweet odour; but it is on festive
occasions that the deeorations of the table rise in the esteem
and play an important part in the merrymaking ; and, like the

descended
into the condition of a plot of ground devoted
solelyto the displayof showy summer-floweringplants.
There are, however,exceptionsto this,
and now
and then we meet
with a place where
the legitimatepurpose
of cultivating
a
collection of plants having permanent
botanical character and
music
and the dancing, they are
tion
really part of the get-up, distinction about them is still pursued, whilst sufficient attensince the setting-out
is paid to the more
of the tible on
such occasions would be
showy ornaments of the present time.
the talk of the guetts for many
It was only In other words. Botany and Floriculture are united, and work
years to come.
the
of merrymaking that made theNoithern
following true spirit
pleasantlyand well together; the mere sight-seers
are delighted
minstrel say
with the blaze of floral beauty,and the studious botanist has also
a regard paid to his wantf
into
consideration
the many
A Christmas
oft
would
cbeer
Taking
gambol
The poor man's
heart throuRh half the year."
natural disadvantagesit has to contend against,
the Manchester
Botanic
Garden
Alex. Foksyth, Salford. {Florist
is one
of the most
and Fomologisl.)
successful of its kind,
especiallyin the cultivation of potted and out-door bedding
Shrubs
and
plants.
trees,owing to the proximity of a large
TEA
ROSES
IN
THE
OPEN
AIR.
town, it is impossibleto grow well,bat all that it is possibleto
do
that
in
is
done.
way
As regards Tea Roses and Hybrid PerpetualsI do not think

stances,

"

"

"

"

The

site of the Manchester

Botanic Garden
is about a mile
that city,by the side of one
of the many
thoroughfares
leadingout to the south-west. The appearance of the imposingand
which
strike
the
looking gate
lodge,
passer-by as being a
entiauce
to some
placeof importance,is further enhanced
time in the Journal
of the twelve best Eoses, and, as I fully likely
another
in
detail
but
by
on
gate
the
(differing
yet artistic)
the
lists vary considerably,
expected,
which, I think, may be
other side of the road, leadingto the mansion
of Sir Humphry
accounted
for as much
by the soil on which they are grown,
de Trafford,Bart.
Unfortunately the presence of houses on
the taste of the selector. Roses
as
that do well with me
are
both sides destroysthe quiet seclusion of the garden, and their
but poor in comparison in the gardens of some
of my friends,
threatens
distant day to swallow
at no
it up.
rapid
approach
and also,on
the contrary,those which thrive well with others,
Even
it is hemmed-in
now
nearlyon all sides,and the difficulty
instances I cannot
m
induce
some
even
to grow.
Take, for
of growing good specimens of shrubs
and trees is increasing
instance,that fine Rose MarSohal Niel, I have tried it on the
We
fear that department of the garden will not
Bciar, on the Manetti,on Gloire de Dijon, and on its own
roots, every year.
be
pleasingto those who reside where a purer atmosphere preand it will not do.
vails,
Some
of the Hybrid Perpetuals serve
me
and before proceeding to details we
must
remark
that
the same
Lord Macaulay will not do with me, and I have
way.
is
done
to
evil
which
an
plores
deeverything
no
one
being
mitigate
it strong in other grounds. But what I wanted to say is
seen
than the worthy curator, Mr. Findlay. Indeed, the
more
that the few Tea Roses 1 have are in the most
exposed position
wonder
is how he manages
to present such a healthycollection
in my
grounds, on the slope of a hill that has a north-east
of exotic plants under glass,and
also to furnish such a rich
aspect, and no protection from the winds coming for miles and
in
the
flower
and fulldisplay
beds, which are both numerous
miles over
the valleyof the Medway, and I have not lost one
sized.
from the cold or wet.
I had one
blown off close to the ground,
The garden is on that tract of land extending some
miles to
but it did not break again,and that has been my only mishap.
the south
of Manchester, which is very dry, and
consists
Jt was
the Duchesse
de Gazes, and had become
a
good-sized
of a black sandy soil,very productive and absorbent.
busb.
I have Bougdre,Souvenir
d'Elise,S ravenir d'un Ami, chiefly
On
the
entering
garden, the first thing we see is a largeand
Comte de Paris,Madame
Willermoz, Madame
Labonte,Duchesse
somewhat
tural
horticulopen grass plot. On this the Manchester
de Gazes, President,with others,doing well,and seldom cut
up
shows
are
held.
There is a pecu'iarly-eonstrncted
glass
by the frost ; in fact,not so much so as my Hybrid Perpetuals,
house
of large size, some
of its details certainlyhaving an
gome
of which I lost last winter,and others nearly so.
I have
oriental rather than an
This building, I
English outline.
a pillarof Geline
Forestier,6 feet high, in a most exposed
intended as a conservatory,
but owing to
believe,was originally
position,and it only,as a rule, loses the tipsof the shoots
has
been
some
never
and
is
cause
used to hold the
now
heated,
each
Gloire de Dijon does wonders, and is, I think,
winter.
horticultural
shows
in.
and
out
of it,the
leading
Adjoining
of the hardiest Roses I have, and one
one
of the most beautiful.
ground has been formed into a series of turf-covered stages for
My soil is a kind of loam on a dry subsoil,
and I think the dryness
plants,much in the same way as at the London Botanic Society,
of the roots helps much
to my success
with the Tea Eoses.
Regent's Park.
This, of course, at show time is covered with
All the protectionthey have is a little rough stable straw
and with gravel paths between
look remarkably
must
canvas,
shaken
in between
the branches.
I am
of opinion that Tea
well.
Even
the
time of my
at
visit Mr. Findlay had turned
Boses in the south of England are
much
tion
more
easy of cultivasome
of the circular stages to account by plantingupon them
than is generallysupposed, and I have just ordered
a
Gladiolus and other showy plants,which were
doing well,and
number
of other varieties than those I now
possess on purpose
showed to advantage. Fronting this was
the flower garden
to test them, but I have no fear of thejresult.I do not think
series
of
beds
laid
a
out on
grass, not crowded,yet
they will do well out-doors on wet clays,but on light or high proper
in size as well as in number, and with the exceptionof
land I think the grower
will be very agreeablydisappointed ample
which
in
Calceolarias,
showed
some
places
symptoms of disease,
with them.
there is so much
difference in their hardiness as many
suppose,
at least I do not find it so.
Much, of course, depends on the
eoil and locality,
the former than the latter.
on
yet I think more
I have read with much
interest the lists given from time to

from

"

I shall not attempt to scrutinise the various lists of twelve

Soses that have appeared,for,as I have said at the commencement
of this,soil and situation have a great influence,
but I
mentioned
I shall not grow any longer,as they
may say some
will not do well with me, while others not noticed have with
been fine. In the Rose it is so much
EQe
a matler
of taste.
I write the foregoingwith the hope that other
amateurs, as
well as myself,will try the capabilities
of the Tea Rose for out"3oor cultivation,
and if they do I shall be pleasedto learn from
t-hem their experience,as by such means
we
can
help each

other.

"

Harrison

Weir, Weirleigh,Kent.

MANCHESTER

BOTANIC

GARDEN.

It is certainly
much
to be regrettedthat the term Botanic
Garden
is often given to a place widely different to what one
would
it to be from its name.
Sometimes
able
a fashionsuppose
for those who
colour of the flowers they
of
The Botanic
Garden
"

once

to
interesting

the lover of novelties as well as the studious

The ground in this direction is bounded
by a piece
of ornamental
ruslicwater and some
shrubbery, with some
and
shrubs
thrive
better
in
order to
to
work,
only requiresthe
look well.

botanist.

the range
Pursuing our walk to the left we come
upon
plant houses, and here is ample scope for the lover of
Cape and New Holland plants to indulge his tastes. It is a
fine plants of this class are
singular thing that so many
omitted in privatecollections,
as
of them possess beauty
many
of foliageequal to that of some
more
recently introduced.
of

resort

everythingwas in as promising a condition as could be wished.

This geometrical garden was, of course, planted with the ordinary
bedding plants,which by conventional usage are supposed
to be best adapted for such purposes ; and other bedsscattered promiscuously over
the ground, contained
plants

Plant
houses

stoves

are

lower than

also to be seen,
and two or three
those we have been in before.
Mr.

Orchid

Findlay

plants than the makes a great distinction between tropicaland temperate Orchids,
bear,is unduly dignified
by the name
and although he by no
meats
goes the fullest extent in
;" or it may be that some
garden, cool treatment,on the other hand he considers that most of
deservingthat name, has through the force of circumIhem
require a warm
temperature at the proper growing seacare

no

more

for

Of

JOUBNAL

440

HOBTICULTUBE

AND

he thinks the difiereuoe between

the hottest and
; in fact,
coolest temperatures they are subjected to in a general way
nest
We
follow him
into some
Fern
might be increased.
houses, which are also mostly low structurep, as best adapted
Here
there was
for maintaining the required moisture.
one
to the cultivation of that
small house devoted almost entirely
son

COTTAGE

GABDEiSEB.

[ December

7, 1871.

quiteequal to auratum ; they excel in the contour of the flower,

in the permanence
of bloom, and in the delicacy
of its perfume.
Auratum
is so strong that it is almost impossible to keep it
it is intolerable. It would
in-doors,and in a room
ill become
to say a word on
the tribe in general,
me
but is it not a question
whether
itself is not a natural hybrid between
auratum
folium
lanci-

class of Ferns requiringconstant

and longiflorum? Again, can
moisture,and amongst them
Bronnii?
grow
anyone
On coming out we
choice specimens.
found oursome
selves
Everybodythat I have ever met with speaks of it as almost
to a collection of herbaceous
near
that there was
hopeless. M. Jean Verechaffelt told me
plants, which Mr.
some
but little looked at
in Germany who used to be able to do so, but he is dead,
one
a fact much
to be
Findlay observed were
whole
The
i
n-door
and
his
in
and
died
with
him.
I
was
a
secret
that
I
have
out,
regretted.
collection,
never
may
say
L. auratum
most praiseworthycondition for such a place,and if the shrubs
seen
growing in greaterperfectionthan amongst
it was
from causes
not all that could be desired,
in the peaty lightsoil of Weybridge Heath,
were
beyond the Ehododendrons
This is easilyunderstood,and Mr. Findlay may jaetly where I saw it last summer
control.
in the garden of George F. Wilson,
claim a great amount
of credit for the good condition of the
leads me
Esq. ; and the mention of his name
to say that he
the
and
in
also
for
that
of
flower
beds
the
would
confer
favour
all admirers
on
a
on
of the Lily if he
plants
honpes,
great
were

"

the lawn.

J. Kobson.

"

EOYAL
SOCIETY'S
EXAMINATION
GaEHOKTICULTUEAL
OF
We have to remind
gardeners that the next
young
examination
in Fruit and Vegetable Culture and Floriculture is
to be held in the Council
Boom, South Kensington, on the
12th inst.,at 10 o'clock a.m.
Thoee
intending to compete
to James
should write at once
tural
Bichards,Etq.,Eoyal HorticulBENEES.

would give in the Journal some

popular notes on the flower.
Mr. Baker
has given a very elaborate synopsis in the pagea
of a contemporary, and most valuable it is ; but the general
lovers of the flower would like much, I am
sure, some
tive
descrip-

"

South Kensington.
Society,

and
BO

well

cultural notes from one

who
Mr. Wilson.
D., Deal.

as

FLOWERING
December

loves and

knows

the tribe

"

PLANTS

DECEMBER.

FOR

dreary,the fag-end of the

a whole
catalogueof dismal associations
aspects. Cbiistmas,like May, is said to

year, midwinter, and

has yet its cbeeifnl
be merry, as we wish
From
floral point of
all our
readers will be at that season.
a
certain that December
is the
view, we are not by any means
most
dismal month
of the year.
November, and even
October,
often greater floral blanks ; we
are
appreciateall evergreens
and in-doore
in December, especially
those with berries,
more
"

"

A
I

FEW
what

WONDER

ratum?

We

were

WORDS

ABOUT

the honest
all taken

LILIES.

opinion now is about Lilinm anby storm by it; but after all,was

littleof the barbarian

element in our
admiration
?
than beauty ? and can
Did not size captivateus more
it be true
if you scratch the skin the old
that, with all our civilisation,
out ?
When
nature
comes
untutored
went out to
Bishop
to the beach
Sierra .Leone the natives crowded
down
to see
their disgust,
their great preachingchief; what was
instead of
seeing a tolerable-sized giant,to behold a diminutive
dapper
should have called small ! And this
little mar, whom
we
even

there not

there is a greater wealth of flowers.

We purpose to take a survey of the plantswhich occur
to us
first weas
at that time, with comments
being in season
; and
shall begin with stove flowers,
as
tothey present themselves
mind's
One
our
of the finest of all stove climbers
for
eye.
chaste
and
winter is Thunbergia Harrisii,
a most
grand flower,

element of size is, I fear, far too much

regarded amongst us.
Pine Apples,big Potatoes,big bunches
of Giapes with big the colour a delicate blue,produced in large clusters ; flowers
berries ; and so it runs
I have Celery all winter,and of the easiest culture : a cuttingof September,
through the gamut.
how
than 50 feet of rafter with abundance
that weighs I do not know
more
pounds ; Potatoes of 1870,plantedout covers
many
which half a one
is enough for a man's
Passiflora kermeof its racemose
Next comes
clusters.
dinner," and so on.
out
ten
lose
flavour
with
to gain size.
of
clouds of ciimson
bloom
its elegant spray : the
on
Yes, and in nine cases
sina,
is very beautiful,
Not but that Lilium
but can
flowers make
auratum
an
elegant margin to a basket of cut flowers.
it be
mense
Ipomaja Horsfallite will be at its beet in December, an imcompared in beauty and elegance with L. lancifolium,which
of floweris beginningagain to assert its positionas the elder and better
grower and bloomer,producingheavy bunches
of the two ? and it is mainly in reference to it that I have a
buds at every joint,which open in succession ; it also is crimson.

Big

"

The
until
word or two to say about Lilies.
crop of Passiflora princeps will not be over
in the catalogues December
confusion
There is unquestionablymuch
prince of Passion-Flowers.
; it is, perhaps the
beats
the
Fuchsia
with regard to the nomenclature.
as
an
which
name
Speciosum, by
Bougainvilleaglabra
aocommodaliog
it is called in some,
is, we are told,totally
incorrect, and (hat plant : it blooms
perpetually,or may be had perpetuallyin
it has never
into Europe; while we
bloom.
Our largestsupply of it will be in December.
A cutting
find
yet been introduced
and a number
is now
immense
of names
of September twelvemonths
an
roseum,
rubrum, omentum,
plant,and
applied
to it. Detirous of unravellingsome
of this mystery if possible, has literally
bushels of bloom on it ; it is one
of the very best
I received through the kindness of the followiogfirms bulbs of
the different vaiieties in their possession viz.,Messrs. Carter
and Sons, Holborn
; Messrs. Sutton "Snns, Beading ; Messrs.
Veitch " Sons, Chelsea ; and Messrs.
W. Cutbush
and Son,

be cut any
plants for cut flowers,as the flower-stalks can
length. The last winter climber we shall mention is Manettia
a very
bicolor,
elegantplantwith a profusion of orange-scarlet
This is really
flowers,after the styleof a Cuphea or Libonia.
be had in 6-inch pots. Staked
Highgate.
a very beautiful plant,and can
The impression that has forced itself on my mind
is simply with a few twigs of Birch,it is an elegantvase
plant.
which is roeeum
that it will be hopelessto determine now
Of stove floweringplantsfor pot culture there are abundance.
and
rubrum.
Album
is, of course, plain enough. Punctatum, Gesnera elongata,an old and showy plant easilymade into a
which I believe when
correct
to be white with very pale pink
specimen for a vase : small plants for furnishingcan be easily
the old plants should be well cut
it propagated in spring,when
although sometimes
spots,is also not difficultto deterniine,
is called roseum,
Gesneras
and the term punctatum does not appear with
back : it is a woody plant. The various herbaceous
but
this
is
all
oonfution.
Tbe
fact
in
that
are
we
it;
now
beyond
is,
perfection;
speciallylike the green-foliaged
large
a noble
quantitieshave been raised from seed ; that, like all seedlings, varieties. Thyrsacanthus rutilans,
plantfor the centres
in the marking ; and that they have been
Seof stands, should be grown in a moist cold pitin summer.
they vary somewhat
under rubrum, roseum,
or
placed indiserimioately
ricographisGhiesbreghtiana,not so much grown as it deserves.
oruentum,
less dark in their markings.
Justicia formosa, which
or
few new
accordingas they were more
plants will equal when well
I feel a great affection for these Lilies. They are
associated
done, can be made into a huge specimen or liny plants for
with pleasant thoughts of the first sightof them I had
Eranthemum
vases.
dear
pulchellnm, of which the same
edging
! how many
bonia
Lime
be repeated. Both have flowers of the richest colour.
years ago ! of the triumph I felt in the possessionmay
not strictly
of a small bulb, and of the excitement
connected
with
a stove
plant,but requiresa warm
floribunda,
its growth and flowering. Ab ! how very difficult to feel now
place in winter. This, with a lot of other things,we intend
as one
did then ! and what a very fine flower it would
be that
planted out in a cold pit,pottingthem
growing all summer,
could excite the enthusiasm
of those days I And
feels up in September.
so
one
Cypripedium insigne and venustum, Cain reading At Last."
Fine as are the descriptions
be all classed with ordinary
of tropical lanthe Veitchii and vestita,
may
ccnnot
help asking, What
scenery, one
would
Saucdeitii,
stove plants for December.
Begonia fuchsioides,
Kiogsley have
written if he had visited Trinidad when he wrote
fine December
are
the last especially,
Alton Locke ?"
and insignis,
plants,and
But to return to the Lilies. In beauty of marking they are
useful
is a most
in quantity: insignis
should be grown
plant
"

"

"

"

"

HOBTIOULTUBE

OF

JOUBNAL

442

AND

COTTAGE

[ December

GAKDENER.

7, 1871.

to enter
read from
Mr. Mistin, of Brisbane, desiring
although planted so thickly.This day I have
was
with
in each pit; all three were
one
admirable
English entomologists,and to exchange save
correspondence
and
Australian
for
Coleoptera
English taking the others up I was
Lepidoptera
quite delightedto
specimensof

taken

letter

ones.

all np
In

plants.

into

the roots
see
like ladies' fans than Vine roots, and that they were
ia
I should stronglyadvise my
best possiblecondition.
dening
garfriends to adopt the system, for which I have to tender
It is what
best thanks
to Mr. Thomson.
I should
term,
my
the common-sense
principle.E. Gilbert, Burghley.
more

Tiphiatarda,a sand Wasp

sisting
double, conRiley; they were
of

cocoons
F. Smith exhibited some
of North America, received from Mr.

Mr.

of

thin

external

an

and
pellicle

internal oval

hard

cocoon.

by Mr. Rileyunder cow dung, a sitnation in

T. femorata,had been found
of the British species,
which
cncoons
by Mr. Smith, who had no doubt that theyfed on the larvte of the
manner
as the larvieof the allied
dung Beetles, Aphodius,in the same
They

had

found

been

the

fed
genus Scolia

those of the genus

stated that he

on

Miiller

Albert

Mr.

of Beetles
bad

in

"

Oryctes.
precedingsummer

the

the pods of the edible Pea,

Tbrips attacking
the growth of the seeds,
forming largewhite patchesand preventing
or
as
fifty
sixtyof the larvie feedingon a singlepod.
as many

detected

the

speciesof

GARDENER'S

"

HOLIDAY."

No. 3.

pleasantjourney from Kelso by North British Railway

celebrated for its woollen manubringsyou to Galashiels,
factures;
from thence by a singleline of rails to Clovenfords,
the nomenclature
read some
of the two
notes on
Mr. McLachlan
which will very soon
be equallycelebrated for its Pine Applea
of European Ant-lion Flies which had been confused
together and
species
Grapes. It is here that Mr. 'William Thomson, late gardener
by Linnfeus.
at Dalkeith
A wild outPark, has established himself.
of a further portion
of the
The President announced the publication
of-the-wayplace it looks at first sight,but the air is pure, and
the Aculeate Hymeproposedcatalogueof British insects,containing
the hillsides are
the fine turfy loam
with which
covered is
noptera by Mr. F. Smith.
sembles
peculiarly
adapted for Vine and Pine Apple growing. It rea

LEVELLING

GROUND

PLOTTING."

GARDEN

DRAWING

25.

PLANS.

is of too
racter
cha-

50

Fig.

No.

over
every
the ment,
establishand
all the
details
of
heating,
and ventilating
were

part of

complicateda

defined

to be
in the
as the

manner

same

the
foregoing,

pointed out

to me
in.
the kindest manner.
The principalfeature

required
letters and figures
for reference

being bo numerous
that they might lead
to

in

confusions

limited

the

vineries, each

20O.
feet by 24 feet. The
first house I entered
almost
sively
excluwas
dfcvoled
to.
L '.I'j
D.nvne'c Grape.Hero you are at onca

If
viously
preare

understood

well
there

will

be

no

difSeullyin finding
in which
the manner
this plan is drawn.
ployed
emThe
means
for transfer-

struck, not only by

the
shortstrong

jointedgrowth of the
Vinss, but also by

lingoealrcsandlines
from

their

side of the

one

aKce,

paper to correspond
hare
on
the other
plained.
heen
already exTh,: transsigns
fening of the deto the
follow
of
matter
The lines and

will

course.

does
have

dotted

Gardener

Spring

mode

was

by
Thomson.
I

manent
perare

of the hot- water

These
will

pipes.

as
be itmoved
sooa
the
aa
permantnt
into bearing.
Vines com*
The
middle
house is plantedwith

TURF.
This

to.

single

hearinga fine crop of

fruit
highly-coloured
side
is plantedon the in-

ON

EYES

the side walls,whilst^

which
a
row
was

to E. Leem,

seem

The
Vines

planted between th"

hot-water
pipej and

Grove, Richmond.

VINE

not

been

failure.

materials or bulbs.
O'DONNELL,
M.

ing, Esq

ing
seem-

different

strength and vigour

being astonishing;
there
all throngh

coloured

; c,

appearone

be

from the other,when,

the vaiieties are tha
and
their
same,

cate
parts of fig.50 indiBox ; g, gravel;
B, beds

even

not
to

ground
as

present is.
span-roofed

at

three

space.

figures
given

TEKY

the loam which we procure from Wanstead.

very much
friable.
and Epping, but is more
Mr. Thomson's
vineyard is close to Clovenfords railway
struck
station,and on gettingout of the train you are at once
I was conby the largesize and arrangement of the houses.
ducted

PRACTICAL

AND

commended
re-

Mr.

LastFeb-

in eighteen
mixed
collection,
a
on
pieces
eyes
the greater
portionoJ
started
of tuif,and
cante.
them being Black AliFig. 50. Scale 2i feet to the inch.
ber
them
in the CucumThis is the
When
house.
ner
nouse.
vvuBLi
ii,
and is easilydistinguished
by the leaves,which are
true variety,
I built three
fair trial,
a
about 6 inches long, to give them
canes
of our
Muscat
houses, very downy underneath, and by the stout short-jointed
brick pits about S feet square, in one
the Morocco, a
this
because
mention
I
which
it produces.
I transferred my eighteen plants into
with loam.
filling
up
the
Alicante.
true
out
as
often
sent
is
inferior
Grape,
excellent growth, very
very
these pits,placing six in each. They made

ruary

put

"

"

,.

-n

OecemBer 1,1871. J

Dr.

OF

HOKTIOUIiTUEB

Hogg, in the "Frnit Mannal," Btatea that

AND

fine exa very

ample
named
hence the
Alicante (Kempse;),
also Btatea that it has no claim to the name,
of the trne Alicante exhibited nnder
a magnificentbnnoh
of Kempaey at the International
Frnit Show, October
name
4:th. Groa Colman
ia also planted to a limited extent.

of Morocco
oonfnBion,bat he
I saw
the

JOUBNAL

was

It

GABDENEB.

COTTAGE

443

but as the plantsare grown in largepots

to be forgotten,
13 and 15 inches in diameter,and are allowed plenty of room
to develope, nnder
treatment
does
one
not wonder
proper
that Cayennesare sometimes
cut weighing 10 lbs. each.
Here
at Clovenfords, 10 inch pots are the greatest size evfn
for gnch
aorts as Charlotte Bothschild.
There was
robust-growing
ing
ripenin these small pots fruit in plenty,which
would weigh
from 8 lbs. to 10 lbs. each.
The pots used are rather different
in construction
from those usuallyemployed, being almost as
wide at the bottom as they are at the top. In the succession
houses the young plantsare all that can be desired,clean,and
in sturdy,luxuriant health.
No doubt, with the Pine Apples,
soon

to be a very late sort,as the berriea of Alicante were

seema
quite black when it was jastshowing signsof colouring.When
quiteripeit ia a good-flavouredsort,and servea well for market
the berries being very large,quiteblack,and taking
purposes,
There are a few rods of SeaclifiBlack,
on
a beautiful bloom.
which ia worth growing as a variety.It resembles Black Prince,
shouldered,more
of
except that the bunches are more
compact, as with the Vines, the rich,turfy,virginloam is one reason
and the bertieaare larger. It takea its name
from Seaolifi in the
their success, but it is evident that to grow Pines in very large
East Iiothian. Barchardt's
Prince
There are plentyof placesin England
[Aramon] Mr. Thomson
pots is sheer waste.
thinka a desirable variety. It has large,well-shaped,tapering and Scotland where the loam is equallygood, and equallywell
bunches, largejetblack berries of good flavour,and keeps well. adaptedfor growing Pines as that obtained by Mr. Thomson.
Madresfield Court Black ia also grown in this house, with Mrs.
I shall certainlynot use such largepots in future,and I thank
Pinoe'a Black Muscat
close to it. The former Mr. Thomson
considera one
of the best new
Grapes, an opinion which is
confirmed
in the
on
all hands by the best Grape-growers
being
bunches
of
Mrs.
Pince
in thia house were
The
country.
very
to have
poor, and wanting in finish ; the berries did not seem
set well. Mrs. Pince is somstimes
good, and I grow it on its own
roots,when the berries always set well ; the bunches are also
and the berries of good flavour,
but it does
large,well-coloured,
not keep so well as Lady Downe's, the berries beingso liableto

Mr. Thomson
for the lesson I obtained in Pine-growing
from
visitto his establishment.
at Clovenfords is a vast unThis attempt of Mr. Thomson
dertaking,
remains to be done, and let na hope
but much more
that hia efforts will meet
with the success
deserve,
they
J. Douglas,
my

"

DRAUGHT

OF

FLUES

TOO

POWEEFUL.

Since

the cold weather has set in and the fires have had to be
with the draught.
lighted,I have experienced some
difficulty
The next is a Muscat house, the varietiesbeing Tynningham
I
will
preface
by statingthat,for econom}'8 sake,
my remarks
Muscat
and Muscat
of Alexandria.
The firstia largerin berry,
I was
obligedto content myself with a lean-to on the south
and ripens before the old Muscat.
A new
of which I
variety
side of the house.
The fireplace
is constructed
at the extreme
had no previous
Scott's Muscat, ia very proknowledge, named
mising,
stokehole
and there ia a largedemand
for young Vinea of it. It south-east side of the house, with the door and
the
south
whilst
the
fine
the
south and west
runs
along
;
exhibited in Edinburgh,at the autumn
waa
exhibition of the facing
with
about
half
the
side,
continued,
glazedpipes,
original
way up
Boyal Caledonian
Society,and obtained the higheataward for
south wall of the dwelling-house. As the greenhouse stands
flavour. Theae three varieties,
and a plant or two of Trebbiano,
almost
in the centre of the grounds, it would
have presented
in this house.
are the only kinds grown
if the chimney had
been run
All through these vineries the same
up
vigorous growth is an unseemly appearance
according to the usual manner
straightup for a short way
and is,no doubt, due to the fine turfyloam, this and
noticeable,
the
above
I
deemed
it
less
greenhouse.
Accordingly
bones being all that the borders are composed of.
unsightly
a few crushed
to run
the flue into the chimneys of the dwelling-house,
thus
Much
of it is also due to the new
system of raising
young Vines,
doing away with all obtrusion of a greenhouse chimney stack,
which Mr. Thomson
has explained at lengthin the columns
and hence, I believe,
arises the diffioulty
which I have hitherto
of this Journal
(seevol. xx., page 61),and which at once
been unable
to cope with.
As, of course, the chimney stack
commends
itself to the notice of every intelligent
cultivator.
of
the
is
carried
much
the roof,it acts as
above
dwelling-house
All the pot Yinea are grown on the same
system, and it ia also
a complete shaft to the
greenhouse flue. Even if the one
worthy of note that both fruitingand planting canea
were
damper I have ia onlyhalf way out,the fire roars
out in an
struck from eyea during the spring of this year. I am
perfectlyhour
it is impossibleto keep in a slow fire during the
; in fact,
satisfied that all fruitingcanea
should be grown from eyea
of
the
whole
Even
if
I
the
night.
damper in all but an
put
struck in the season
of planting them.
I have pursned thia
inch,the house becomes full of smoke, whilst if the damper is
practicefor the last seven years with invariable success, never
much
the
fire
roars
and
constant replenishing.
out,
requires
obtain
up,
to
and that from plants
a good crop of fruit,
failing
is that the house partakesmore
of the temperature
which had no bottom
heat from the time they started into The consequence
of the stove house and is rather injurious
to Geranium
growth. My plantswere, of course, grown in pots from the
and
other
constructed.
cuttings,for which it was principally
first.
Another
obstacle to the chimney being carried up in the
I was particularly
pleasedwith the system of ventilation,
all
is
that
the
that
the
chances
smoke
would beat
ordinary
are
way
the side sashes opening simultaneously
outwards
by lever and down
into the drawing-room windows, to say nothing of how
be fixed at any distance ; even a
screw, end theycan, therefore,
the house walls would be disfigured
by the smoke whenever the
child could move
the whole lengthof 200 feet. The top is made
blew from
the aouth-west,a by-no-means nnprevalent
to act upon the same
I must notice, wind
principle.One thing more
wind.
Would
assist
in solvingthe difficulty
me
you, therefore,
and that is the watering of the inside borders.
These are
I will only add that,as my tenure of the house (forI
?
watered by an india-rubber pipe and hose in the following
is precarious,
I should not wish
only curate and not vicar)
At the highest end of each block of hot-water pipes am
manner.
than I could reasonably help,
is fixed an iron tank, which is filledfrom them with water of to incur any more
expense
the same
temperatare. Part of the india-rubber tube ia coiled ViRIDIS.
into thia warm
tank, and the remaining portioncarried down
[Your trouble ia very diflerent from other cases that have
the
hot-water pipes,so that the cold water flowing come
before us
to be
amongst
namely, want of draught. There seema
thia
tube
warmed
no
ia
to the flue of the greenhouse
through
to a conaiderable extent before it
going into the chimney
objection
reachea the surface of the border. At the time of my visit they of the dwelling-house. In some
when we
have advised
cases
were
have found it did not always answer
unless a
giving the house water that was flowingthrough a rose
such a course
we
fixed to the tube on
the hot-water pipes,
in the room
which still further fire was kept in the fireplace
communicating with
warmed it before reaching
the roots. There was an iron support
the chimney which received the flue from the greenhouse,as
to carry the rose, which waa
moved
the smoke
would
find its way
to a fresh positionevery
otherwise,by a back draught,
ten minutes
in charge,and who occupied
down the chimney into the room.
You seem
to have no trouble
by the young man
himself with some
other work while the house was
being in this reapect,but from the greatdraught you cannot keep a
watered.
and you obtain far too much
heat.
We
think yon
slow fire,
If the vineries contain some
what yon want without any extra expense.
remarkable examples of skilful may manage
More
culture,one is equally astonished by what ia to be seen in the experiments with the damper would show you what waa wanted.
Fine honae.
Thia ia a lean-to,
After your fire heated the fine a circular opening in the middle
ISO feet by 12 feet,and
fruiting
oontaina such examplesof Pines, mostly of the Smooth-leaved
of the damper of l.Jinch in diameter, would
be
very likely
Cayenne variety,as are not to be aeen in any other eatablish- sufficient to keep up a slow combustion.
However, we place
in Britain. The Pine houaea of T. N. Millar,Eaq.,of littlevalus on
ment
in
would
flue. We
a damper
a
place more

shrivel.

"

"

"

nndei the
Bishop Stoitloid,

oare

of Mr,

Waid, are

aightnot

dependanceou banking-npthe firethe last thingat nightwith

JOtJBNAL

Ui

HOBTICULTUEB

OF

COTTAGE

AND

[ December 7, 1871.

GABDENEB.

small, they are plentifulenough ? My slightacquaintance

to state
with Sharpe Schemer, Esq., of this city,enables me
time ago in a series of experiments,
that he was
engaged some
with a view to the extraction of some
peculiardye from their
He
tions
carcases.
dropped this,however, and from his observaand
the
relations
honeydew,
existingbetween the
upon
to the conclusion that aphides
ants and aphides,having come
take the shovel and beat down the fire to the bars
this will convert the juicesof plants into sugar, he has now
engaged in
the
the promotion of a company,
lessen the air passing then put on
what
Aphis Sugar Company,"
want, and
you
with ashes.
over
capital"100,000, in 10,000 shares of ."10 each, half to be paid
cover
Lastly,do not suppose that you want
the first specimens of
when
fire in a flue in a greenhouse unless the frost is on allotment,and the remainder
a constant
Further
be obtained
can
and
continuous.
with
keen
For
several nights in winter,
paiticulars
aphissugar enter the market.
tffloes of the Company.
the
at
little
if
flue
little
a
the
is
more
temporary
temporary
merely
frost,
very
properlyheated,
the
to remark
heard
As Mr. Schemer, however, was
heat will be required,as the flue will retain its heat a long time.
he had received all that seemed
We think that by actingon these hints you will manage
the
other day, that as soon
as
allotment he contemplated a journey
house at less expense, and we should be obliged
if you will let likelyto be paid down on
that the second payment will not
how you get on, and what plan was the most suoceBSto America, it is most likely
us know
be called for in a hurry.
ful. We say. Try the close ashpitdoor after the flue is becoming
Two
speciesof the aphis genua are those
hot, and do not seek to keep a constant fire, Eds.]
very troublesome
BrassicnB.
The
of these also
former
known
as A. Baf as and
the vastator
of vulgaris,
and is also,I believe,
bears the name
OUR
PREDATORY
INSECTS
OF
SOME
authors,
A
few
doubt
the
distinctness
of some
entomologists
but
I
think
it
these
is
of
two
though
species,
unquestionable,
GARDENS."
No. 23.
be found
both may
occasionallyhaunting the same
plants.
The proverb that the moat insignificant
foes are sometimes
Some of the differences may be thus stated. In A. Eapse,if
The
is rather hackneyed, yet it is true.
to be dreaded
most
it be examined
by a hand-magnifier,it will be seen that the
gardener meets with a constant
proof of it in the injuryand
tubes long ; the iridescent wings
collar is brown, the abdominal
which the hosts of aphides,alias smotherflies,
alias
annoyance
brown
A. Brassica; has a black collar,
have lightish
nervnres.
plantlice,alias blight the last name
being certainlythe most
and the wings,also iridescent,have
the tubes are much
shorter,
inflict
him.
of
There
other
are
species
vague
upon
many
black.
The females
stouter nervures, which are of a brownish
insects whose
observable;there of BrassicEG are also
ravages are a great deal more
seeming
mealy, the abdomen
slightly
mischief
are
some
specieswhich at times work much
more
of both is very similar.
largerthan in Eapas. The economy
than the aphides ever do, but the latter are an ever-recurring
the
other
active
-towards
Unlike
they are most
aphides,
many
pest,sparingfew plantseither in the kitchen or flower garden, end of the summer.
before
A. Rapaa is rarelynoticed much
in
their
visits
their
small
and
from
to
frequent
conservatories,
midsummer, and though we can hardly suppose that the first
fize and the tenacitywith which
they adhere to their various
is only then
brood hatched from the eggs laid in the autumn
food-plante,and their ingenuityat concealing themselves,
appearing,it is evident that their multiplicationgoes on but
are
not easilyhunted
out and destroyed. Has
any poet ever
observed
certain
time.
I
have not myself
slowly for a
any
of the aphis tribe ? I find one
sung the praises or dispraises
and suspectthat
males of the speciesin the spring or summer,
notice regarding them
in the
Insect-Hunters,"couched in in both this and Brassirce there is a succession of female
the peculiarHiawathan
in which that entomological
metre
broods until towards
autumn, when the winged males appear.
is composed :
poem
in the domain
of aphis life are
lords of the creation"
The
The uoisome plant lice"
succession
of broods has nearly
in request until the
not
Smo'herflies the farmers call them"

fainace
stillon having close-fitting
ashes, and more
closedoors
the ashpit door
being especially
high jonr chimney, there will be no snoh
fitting.However
tearingdraught,if no direct air,or the least possibleamount,
reach the fuel through the grate bars.
One precaution more.
stances,
In making up your fire for the last time under
such circumrather
do not stir up or put the poker through the fire,

damp

^nd ashpit

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

*'

Smothering all the growth

Crowd
Leaves

ng tillthe shoots are

and buds concealed

of

summer,

hidden.

by numbers,
-Anchored by their beaks sap-sucking,
"Winged and wingless all together.
Their antennas
long and wavering,
Gradual taper to the summit.
All their wings are quite transparent
When
they have them, and not folded ;
All their feet are but two-jointed.
And their legs not formed for leaping."
critic remark
Does some
that this is but lame verse?
Let it
be remembered
that it is written for beginners in entomology,
and the descriptionhas at least this merit,which cannot
be
claimed for some
poeticalperformances,that it
very melodious
is accordingto nature and fact. But it may be queried.What
end is subserved
special
by these tiny insect hosts ? They act
have they any particular
not as scavengers, nor
beauty in their
do they,like some
appearance, nor
speciesof coccus, yieldany

Brood
after brood appears without the intervention
of males, the wing'ess females
producing their
alive,and these,if the weather is favourable,increase
young
able to be themselves
parents.
rapidlyin size,and are soon
From
September, on unlil nearly the end of November, we find

reached its close.

A. Brassicse abroad with a commingling, then, of all sizes,

winged and wingless,feedingamicably together,and sheltering
in the curled leaves of Cabbage and Broccoli plantswhen the
weather is cold. The different species of aphis apparently
other insects.
stand cold better than do most
Dry weather is
much
in their favour, there is no doubt.
Curtis
noted
A. BrassiciB
Mr.
the
fact
that
Many years ago

partialto Swedish Turnips. Messrs. Hardy and Langland

injuryto these in the Border
reportthat in 1870 it did much
Only a few
counties,confirming Mr. Curtis's observation.
but
at first,
were
seen
they increased rapidlyjustas
stragglers
the plants were
throwing off their outer leaves. The dry
productimportant to man.
(Itis just possible,however, that weather and mildew then kept back the young leaves,and as
aphides do some
good after all,in the way of removing plants they slowly developed they were drained of their sap by the
which are alreadydiseased by accelerating
their decay. They
minish
to diseemed to defy all attempts made
aphides,which now
swarmed
the Potato plants which
afieoted by the
their numbers.
One man,
were
indeed,tried the experiment
upon
of
and
them
the
off
murrain, and hence were
of
the
nnjustlyaccused by some
dealing
plants
cutting
tops
persons
away;
the worse, but others did not
being a cause, if not the principal,while they were
none
only an
sprouted again,and were
One of our most
excellent of Scotch gardenersgives like to venture on so unusual an expedient. The later sowings
effect).
it as his opinion that Providence sends aphides to make
time that Aphis Brassicoi
deners suffered very little. At the same
garmore
watchful,and also more
patient,than they would
was
infectingthe Swedes,the white and yellow Turnips were
otherwise be.
Yet for all that he has no
for them, furnishingfood to crowds of Aphis Bapaj. A migration of the
partiality
and has often declared to me
that he greatlyprefershonest
Turnip aphides was noticed by Mr. Hardy ; this occurred at
which
feed openly upon
caterpillars,
plant?,to such snesking the end of September. Concerning this he says, For more
fellows as aphides generally
to be. But one
of his puzzles than a week
seem
during the calm and genial weather they rose in
is this,that he cannot find any allusion in Scriptureo sot
succession from Turnip fields along the valleysnntil they were
memorable
insect plague as the plant louse.
did
an
His son, who
almost
incorporatedwith the air, so intenselycrowded
attends evening classes,and
is keeping himself
At night,or during dull days,they stuck to the
they become.
up to the
latest movements
in science,
has suggested to his parent that
threshold,to the grass by wall sides,or gathered upon hedges
probably these insects did not occur
in eastern climes at the or trees. Many fell into the waters, or were
swept from the
time the Bible was
the
At lengthcame
genial
some
written,
heavy showers of
temperature not being congrass on the brink.
to them, but I don't think the old man
received this rain and hail,which cleared the air,and the insects mostly
solution with any favour.
perished."
Bat cannot aphides be turned to some
and extent of the migrations
On the question
aa to the cause
account,for,though
was

"

Dsoember

7, 1871. 1

JOUENAIi

OP

AND

HOKTIOULTUEE

COTTAGE

GARDBNEB.

445

but if frosty
after the middle of February,
or
which these insects perform every year more
or
less,we are
very wet not until
the middle
of March.
A saooession is planted about three
answers.
hardly yet prepared to give thoronghly satisfactory
The
The opinion held by some
which pass through weeks afterwards.
that the swarms
August sowings, planted in spring,
into use
about the middle
of June or a little later,
and
the air occasionallyare made
come
only, which are
up of males
with Buccessional plantings
either in search of females, or, having performed their cuscontinue the supply until the close
tomary
of July.
has been
office,
are
going out on a tour for reoreation,
The Aprilsowing,pricked-o"t
and planted-outat the close of
and others.
It has been pointedout that
rejectedby Loudon
in duringSeptember, and the May sowing in
this the case suoh a thing could not occur
as the sudden
June, will come
were
of hosts of juvenile
aphides in spotswhere there November.
appearance
the first earlycrop, or that of Atkins's Matchless,I
had been none
before,winged or wingless,until a migration E.":cept
"
brought a
flyingparty," who thereafter becoming parents leave all the others for sprouts,consequentlythey are planted
further apart than if the ground were
intended to be cleared as
proved that the wanderers must, in part at least,have been
the crop is cut.
mologist soon
as
made
females.
Tivo feet apart every way is not too
to " The EntoIn reply to a communication
"
this year, Mr. Walker, who is no mean
authorityin great a distance when the plants are allowed to remain for
the matter,states his belief that the migrations of the aphis sprouts. The heads being cut when
the sprouts are distinctly
the old leaves are cleared away, the sell,stirred,
and he thinks also
and a
tribe do not carry them
visible,
any greatdistance,
of salt given between the
dressingof two partsof gaano to one
they preferpeculiarstates of the atmosphere for the purpose,
From
the July sowing there are fine spronta in August
when
the sky assumes
that appearance
which is commonly
rows.
in Jaly; indeed, the sproats follow the
termed
next year, and even
doubt they pass at times from the
a blight." No
fields to the adjiceutgardens and vice versa;
but the evidence
August-sown Cabbages,and will afford a sueceasion of Coleworts
have now
we
before us leads us rather to doubt the storiestold
manuring,
up to Christmas,but I clear tten off in Noveoiber
and turning up the ground roughlyfor the winter.
The August
Ih ir takingextensive journeys. Indeed, the very
rc-garding
indicates
structure
in the winged condition,
of an aphis,even
sowings, besides heads,produce fin3 sprouts from the end of
the next August. I consider the smiU
that it is not adapted to travel very fast or far.
Cibbages,which are put
forth
is
the
destruction
alter the hearted ones
all
that
are
It
acknowledged by
men
cut, to be superiorto a hearted
practical
of aphides which
With
after theyhaV3 1 a i frost. Tastes
feed on
low plantsis no easy matter.
Cabbage or Savoy,especially
reference to Turnips, from the circumstance
but I have always found it desirable to have
that the aphides will of course
differ,
haunt the lower leaves,fluid applications
from the end of April until November
a good stock,not
are geneespecially
only of
rally
deemed
of littlevalue,and as Professor Westwood
points Cabbages but also of sprouts. Cibbages, if not intended to
struction,
deremain for sprouts,may be planted much
but to
more
of these by children,and their immediate
oat, the removal
closely,
is one
be
of the best remedies. I do not know, however, have good hearts a distance of IS inches each way must
whether the applicationof warm
allowed
between
them.
obtained
in
could
it
be
water,
sufficient abundance, might not be serviceable to Cabbages and
Deep rich soil is necessary for the growth of Cabbages. They
in dry weather.
instances.
Turnips in some
amply repay any wateringsof liquidmanure
Though some
persons have been
For small gardens I recommend
Atkins's Matchless and Little
incredulous,it has been proved that many plantsthus infested
have been greatlybenefited by beingimmersed
in water of from
Pixie, a small but dose-hearting,
good-flavoured,
earlyCabbage.
120" 10 150" Fahrenheit, which
suffices to destroy the life of
Sow July 10th, August lOlh, and on
April 5th for autumn.
do
well
15
inches
and
the
with
at
Both
the
between the
same
aphides. Books recommend
snuff,
"dusting"
plants
apart,
but not always plants.
hellebore,
lime, "o. ; these are of partialutility,
One ounce
is suffinent for a garof seed of the kinds named
easy of application.Tobacco,indeed, in several modes, dry,
den
of two acres, and half an ounce
for a garden of one
vaporised,or in solution,must be admitted to have itsvalue.
acre.
A solution of salt is also death to the plant lice;
Hed Dutch Cabbage forms a fine close heart,and is the best for
I hope, in a future paper, when discussingother speciesof pickling,
thou.ghany other close-hearted white sort is justas good,
to offer some
this tribe,
farther remarks on the transformations
Sow in the second week of August,prick-off
exceptin pointof colour.
when
of aphides,and on their friends and foes in the insect world.
largeenough,and plantout in March in good rich soil,at from
"

"

"

'2

J. K. S. 0.

feet to

will be

SUCCESSIONS

OF

VEGETABLES."

No.

2}

feet

Coleworts,or

4.

apart,in

producedin the

rows

2J feet from

each other.

Fine heads

autumn.

open-heartedCibbages,

are

by

some

much

esteemed.

CABBAGE.

Rosette Colewort. Very hardy and dwarf, producingsmall dark

Sow
iu the first week
of June, July,and
heads ; very tender.
and when the plantsare
large enough to handle plant out
at 1 foot apart in rich soil and in a sheltered position.They should be
cut before theyform close hearts,and are then the most tender of all
border earlyin September,
at
July 10th, and plantout on a warm
The
cuttingsfrom the several
autumn, winter,and springGreens.
15 to 18 inches apart.
until late in spring.
CatteU's Reliance. An excellent,
and good Cabbage, sowings will form a succession from autumn
close-hearting,
excellent
London
Colewort
is also an
sort,but not so hardy as the
beingone of the best and earliest. It producesa fine crop of sprouts
the
second
week
of
Sow
in
and June.
It will proMay
preceding.
duce
after the heads are cot. Sow July 10th, August 10th to 15th, and
Atkins's Matchless.
This is a small Cabbage,but one
of the
best ; it tarns in quietly,
forminga good heart, and is of delicate
the
it is
earliest variety,
and very hardy. It is
flavoar. "Witlime
Veitch'a Improvedis an excellent stock. Sow
difficnlt
to obtain true.

"

"

green

August,

"

May

5 th.

Williams's Early Nonsuch.

of
Dwarf, close,and early-heaiting,
flavour. Sow July 10th and August 10th to 15th.
goi)d
Enfield Market.
A fine,
Sow
and
large,good-hearting
early.
sort,
"

"

August

10th

to
Early Dwarf

15tb,and April10th

to 15th.

Coleworts
from August to earlywinter.
Sandringham Sproutingis an improved Thousand-headed, in fact
SugarloafCabbage. It hearts like any other sort from a
sprouting
sowingmade in March or April,and whether the head be cut or not
the stalk is clustered with compact little Cabbages throughontthe
a

Early, dwarf, compact,hearting winter. It is well,however, to cut the head, and the sproutsthen
and more
rapidly.
grow larger
15tb,and May 5th.
Wheeler's
Cocoa
Nut.
An
all the
It is hardly necessary to say that the soil between
early close-heartiug
Cabbage, the best
flavoured of any. Sow July10th,August 10th,and Apriliothto 15th.
soil
crops should be frequentlystirred with the hoe, and some
These are the best six Cabbages I have grown.
for those that
The plants drawn to the stems, earthingwell up, especially
of the July sowingsare prioked-ofi
when largeenough to handle, are to stand the winter. G. Aeeet.
York

Barnes.

or

closely.Sow August 10th

"

to

"

"

and

are

finally
transplantedin the first or second week

of

tember
Sep-

border with an
on
a
warm
east or west exposure, and
THE
LAPSTONE
POTATO.
is sheltered from out'.ing
winds.
Atkins's Matchles,",
the account of the produce of the Laphowever, has a south border,and there it is fitfor use a fortnight
Very wonderful was
three
weeks
before
the
others.
The plants are hoed
or
But is it correct ? I do not, of
stone recorded at page 400.
and earthed well up before winter.
Atkins's Matchfrequently,
less
tatoes
course, impugn the truth of the statement that a hundred Pointo use at the end of April,sometimes
will come
from
night
were
a fortone
stock,but were
they Lapstones ?
dug up
and as frequentlylater,
for the time of the crop
earlier,
I ask this because it has come
to be pretty well recognised
becoming fit for use is regulatedby the weather. The July that this is the best of all Potatoes for a gentleman's table.
which have no rightto it whatever.
sowing will keap up a supply until the end of Jane.
Many kinds go by the name
The plantsof the August sowings are pricked-off,
when they The other day my neighbour Mr. Woodford, the Dake of Aberhave two or three rough leaves,into beds in an open situation
he had seen
such a fine crop of Lapcorn's gardener,told me
but sheltered from winds, and there they remain
through the stones at Lord St. Vincent's,and was good enough to promise
winter. IE the weather is mild, the best of them are planted me a few to look at and taste. They were unquestionably
very
which

OP

JOURNAL

446

COTTAGE

AND

HORTICULTUBE

[ December

GABDENER.

7,1871.

their being Lapstones. Fine as this Potato is, I have never

fine Potatoes,not Lapstones, bnt a very fine kind of Fluke.
it anythinglike the example stated in prodnotiveness,
and
And then it is said these hundred Potatoes were from a grain seen
I should be glad to hear that it had gained in this point also,
other plants,do not come
bnt Potatoes,like most
of seed
;

true to

seed,so here, again,a doubt is thrown

from

name

upon

D,, Deal.

"

BORBONICA.

LATANIA

We are a progressive
race, however, and I am pleased
althoughusually a room.
presentillustration,
so-called, to see us awakening to the fact,that our houses are capableof
incorrectly
is,nevertheless,
name,
better
order
in
this
in
Its
more
beingput
respect.
fact,does not belongto the genus Latania.
Liyistonia borbonica is a plantwithin the reach of nearly
ter
but as the former is betis Liviatonia chinensis,
name

subjectof
by the above

The

known

and, in

correct
known

the

retained

place. It
beautiful
decorative

it in this
is a most
objectfor

--_5l~=

therefore,no

-^^"ZJj^^-^^^^
^s=-i_''^^^=i
-^

=s^

the

stove

dinner-table,or in
open air during

as

the summer
months.
Those
who
it
use
for the last purpose
should endeavour
to
place it in such a
t
hat
it
position
may
be shaded
during a

former

should

parts peat,

Livisthis

ed
longs,is characteris-

by terminal fandivided
shapedleaves,

has arrived at such a

crease
size that its rapidinjectionable,
would be obthen use

segments round
exterior,these

being

vided
di-

nearlyall loam.
liberal supplyof

less
or
deeplyin the various
stalks
footspecies. The
of the leaves
more

should

stiff and stout,

having their edges
with
armed
strong
and their bases
spines
enveloped in a dense
of coarse-netted
mass

seeded

commonly

used

ting,
potmuch

to

"

Cbeue.

"ro

[The
as

by

guished
distin-

nia,
Lata-

name

observed
the late Sir J. E.

plantmay

was

Smith,

was

ously
barbar-

constructed by
Commerson
from the
French
word
latte,

Latania
it is so
associated

is three-seeded.
The
plant is

given,

over-

greater advantage in
small pots. ExrisE-

by its onefruit,whilst

the
genus
with which

A
ter
wa-

can
theplants

as

bo

be

avoid

and

are

fibre. The
be at once

one

and this
best when
in the young
are
state, because they
will gro w ni ore quickly
in it. As theyincrease
in size,half
loam and peatwill be
best,and if the plant

plant properlybo-

segments

of

ono

of sand,
I consider
the plants

loam,and

garden.

the

be

be best to grow it in
the cool house. The
soil I have used for it
is a mixture
ot two

of the most pleasing

contrasts in the whole

into

this not

then it will
desirable,

the direct rays of the

sun, and if properly
grouped I have no
hi-sitation in saying
that it will afford one

genus

greenhouse
the

a
case, as
matter of course, it
will increase in size
much
quicker, but

part of the day from

The

or

plant. In

the

tonia,to which

excuse

be made for neglooting its culture.

Althougha native of
the East
Indies,it
may be grown either
can

^ST'

purposes,
either in the stove,
the greenhouse,the
on
drawing-room,

can

purchased for a
and,
shillings,

be
few

j=c-z

it

as

everyone,

amongst

I havo
plant-growers,

to
lath,referring
slim

its
Litonia

borbooic.T.

straight

fers
restem. Borhonica
It was
first found.
of
Rothschild, Paris,

one

to the Isle of Bourbon, where it was

like to see grown
to a greaterextent than it
which I would
immense
number of first introduced to Europe in 1816.
M.
an
hitherto has been ; indeed, there arc
of
has
decoration
for
the
our
wo
now
Palms
obligedua with the portrait
admirably adapted
apartments,
publish.It is
for a class of the illustrations
of "Los Promenades de Paris." Eus.l
halls,and corridors which are entirely
neglected
plants,
which,as a rule,conduce but little towards beautifying

one

of

"

SUNFLOWERS.
Otheb

countries

have not been

backward as England in
teeognisingthe useful propertiesof the Sunflower. In the
north-west provincesof India it is cultivated to a considerable
extent, and with much
districts; and it is
success, in swampy
asserted that the Sunflower
plantationsexercise a beneficial
the
influence on
health of the neighbourhood,
by tendingto
so

check

the malarious

fevers

so

in
prevalent

those

Agri-Hortieultural
Societyof the Ppnjaub,in

parts. Tte

recent

report,

the more
advocates
generalcultivation of the Sunflower for
tages
of the advanutilitarian purposes, and also,enumerates
some
which would attend it. We find that the flower leaves,
used
as fodder
removed withont derangingthe seeds,may be

December

JOURNAL

7, 1871. ]

OF

HOBTICULTUEE

when burnt, pro; the stalks,

of potash ; and the seeds,besides their
large quantities
to
be made
in feeding poultry,already mentioned, may
use
yielda largeper-oentageof oil.
In that practical
country, the United States nf America,

and with greatsuooess

for cattle,
dnoe

Snnflower

where

cultivatiou

is carried

on

to

considerable

account of the value of the plant as an

on
extent,principally
an
as much
as 40 per cent, of oil is,on
average,
oil-producer,

the seed.

obtained from

After the process of

expressingthe

VAN

AND

COTTAGE

447

GARDENEE.

of " maro," is largely

used as a
oil,the refuse,under the name
fatteningfood for oxen, hogs, "c. More than this,the leaves
also maybe
utilised;for,by parchingand powdering them,
and then mixing with bran, it is said that a food is produced
of
which
to
cows
are
partial. Even if it had none
especially
these useful qualities
to recommend
it,the excessive fondness
alone repay
of bees for the blossoms of the Snnflower would
all owners
for the trouble of cultivation. (Food
of apiaries
"

"Journal.)

MONS.

erection of a gaswork. The

erected,and the
gaswork was
of the most distinguished
Baptiste
Van
Mons, one
he published the
A year after this event
execrated.
born at Brussels on the
of the presentcentury,was
engineers
pomologists
"
Arbrcs Frutiors,leur Culture en
of his work,
first volume
11th of November, 1765. From
his earliest youth he showed
Beige
himself in sowingand
to amuse
a taste for gardening,and used
Belgiqueet leur Propagation
par la Grain, ou Pomonomie
et Eaiexperimentalo
watching the growth
sonC'o."
The
second
of flowers and fruits.
volume appeared in the
So ardently and successfully
following
did he follow
year.
Until 1842,when he
tion
up the arts of cultivaMons
Van
tinued
condied.
and selection,
that
to cultivate the
in the year 1815 his
wreck
of
his
sery,
nurBrussels
at
nursery
but griefat tho
contained
than
more
death
of
his
second
80,000 fruit trees,most
and failing
health
son
of them
tho result of
him
from
prevented
his own
sowings.
paying it the fame
this
About
time
attention as
formerly.
ments
beganthose disappointhis death
the
After
and crosses
with

Jean

broken
the
greater
portion of the trees
taken
Geest-St.
to
Eomy, where there is

of Van
which the career
Mens
was
chequered.
In
he received
1819
notice to quithis nursery
of La Fidelite in

nursery
up, and

the

now

space

of

an
experimental
garden of the Society

two

months, because the

ground he occupied
for public
was
required
purposes.

This

Van

was,

Van

Mons
bad only
two days of the week
at his disposal
; he was,
therefore,
onlyable to
collect grafts,
mark tho
valuable
of his
most
as
trees, and
save,

possessed. He
the

the enumeration
apothecary,
of

remains

his
his

plishments,
accom-

works,

and his honours will

be the more
striking.
He
made
himself acquainted

possible,a

twentieth of what

Mons.

When
consider
we
that
Van
Mons
ceived
rebut a moderate
classicaleducation,
and
at first only followed
the
vocation
of
an

unfortimately,in the
depth of winter, and

nearly as

was

with

he

the
guages,
lanand with the
science of physics.At
twenty he published
his first work, entitled

principalHving

veyed
con-

of

his nursery to Louvain,

where fresh vexatious
In 1832,
awaited him.
"An
the
at the time of the siege
Essay on
of Antiphloof Antwerp, the ovens
Princ'ples
Van Mods.
for the cooking of the
Chemistry."He
g'stic
elected a
soldiers'bread were
set
was
sponding
correand
like honours
and a greatpart of the trees destroyed.Any
of the Institute of France,
membLT
up in his garden,
societies.
learned
other person would have been disheartened by these misfortunes,
him
other
European
were
heapedupon
by many
but not so Van Mons.
He rented two other plotsof ground,
He was
of Medicine of the Facultyof Paris,occupied
a Doctor
to
his young plants,
which to remove
chair of Physicsand Itural
himself on
and congratulated
for fifteen years the professorial
having had time to collect graftsfrom those he was forced to Economy at Louvain, and, last of all,was decorated with the
sacrifice. But the public good had not yet vented the whole of
rous,
works and translations are numeOrder of Leopold. His original
its severity
In 1834 the engineersof the Governwhilst the fact of his havingproduced405 new varieties
ment
upon him.
cast their eyes about,and fixing
bears witness to the
of different fruits,
them on
the nursery of
of Pears,and 200 more
Van Mons, decided that there was the most suitable
for the
benefitshe bestowed upon horticulturegenerally.
practical

spot

WORK
KITCHEN

GABDEN.

FOR

There
is,however, one substance not open
it may now
be used with advantageon

WEEK.

viz.,lime. Ground cropped the preceding

with Carrots,Parsnips,or Potatoes,and found,
is frequentlythe case
at this time, infested with insects,
as
should have a good dressingof lime dug in,or, if that cannot
be done, the soil should be turned np in ridges for the winter.
to any objection,Such an exposure will benefit the land if at all stiff,
and cause
land whence the the destruction of many insects. Birds are the natnral enemies

The presence of crops suitable as food for insects brings in

of time a greatnumber
the course
of snoh depredatorsabout a
garden. The invention of methods for their extirpationoften
the ingenuity of a gardener to a considerable extent.
taxes
and

THE

crop has been

season

removed

"

JOURNAL

448

OF

HORTIOULTUEE

AND

COTTAGE

[ December

QAEDENEB.

7,1871.

where
they have a north aspect,where it wonld prove eqnally
the Bervices'of a few rooks or soagnlls,
nseful in the
either for retardingplants in bloom
for growing
or
seonred,would be found of no inconsiderable value. summer,
Sarfaoe-stirring
amongst young growing crops of Caulijlowers,such tender-leaved plants as are injured by exposure to the
direct rays of the sun.
Where
followed-upnow
such accommodation
does not
Lettuces,"i., must be as diligently
v'ahhages,
when
for keeping Clerodendrons,Allarapid ; indeed, exist,late vineries will answer
in tha summar
as
vegetation is more
be
can
these
when
while
in
is
a
dormant
mandas, Jasticias,
there
important operations
no
season
ifcj.,
state, as well as
of the soil Hedychiums,Alpinias,Gesneras, and similar plants. The fire
neglectedwith impunity. Frequent pulveiisation
heat requiredto preserve the Grapes will generally
of frost during winter,and the
greatlychecks the penetration
prove sufliThe ground must never
eient,unless during frost,when a littleextra heat should be
evaporationof moisture in summer.
to
at not less than 45", The woody
after the operation is completed. Continue
be trodden on
put on to keep the thermometer
but the bulbous-rooted
take up Endive and Lettuce on dry days, and store them in a plantsshould be watered very sparingly,
than
there
of
much
better
out
and
will
shed
herbaceous
be
allowed
sorts may
to get nearlydry. In the
keep
dry airy
; they
mixed
It very severe
frost comes
that
the
vioteat
Celery,Parsley,
doors.
stock of Heliotropes,
see
on,
greenhouse,
young
and late EinVme for spring use.
Mint, Tarragon,Burnet, Basil, Siarlet Pelargoniums, Persian Cyclamens, and other flowers
and regular
especiallyfor winter have light situations,
grown
"":.,will requireto be placed in a littleheat to bring them on.
other good early attention as regardswatering. Let Ericas have close attention
Plant a quantityof the Early Ashleaf or some
into
larger in watering if they stand unfortunately near flues or pipes
Potato in small pots for turning out into a pit,or
will serve
to sprout that may become
suddenly very dry. Keep up a quiet ventilation
pots, in January. The Mashroom-house
and Asparagus, if
The
first crop of forced Phuharh
them.
derately,
day and night if possible; let the air steal in moand dispensewith strongfires,
growing under glass,should have a littleair every fine day after
or, indeed,fires of any
should be exposed to all kind when the temperature can
be kept within proper limits.
they are started ; the latter especially
the lightpossible. Keep up a mild steadyheat,and prepare
FORCINGPIT.
dark
and
Sea-hale should be kept
beds for second crops.
quite
This is a good time to introduce the followingplants,provided,
leave
the
side
In
to
cutting,
damp-off.
dry, as it is liable
as
before observed, they have received the necessary
the more
shoots for a second
slowly it is treatment during the summer
crop ; remember
sian
Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Perof
can

grabs;
be

"

forced the finer and

tender it will be.

Give

air

on

mild

more
Lilacs,Perpetual Roses, Sweet Briar,Moss and Provence
Caulijlowersand Lettuces under glass. A Roses, Ledums, Kilmias, Anne
days to young
Bjleyn Pinks, Wallflowers,
and then will keep out slugs and help Siveet
sprinklingof soot now
the more
ward
forWilliams, and Dutch bulbs. Aa soon
as
to improve the growth.
moved
into warmer
houses
the conservatory, fill
or
are
GARDEN.
FBUIT
with a fresh supply,so as to keep up a
up the spare room
with the pruning of Pears, Apples, Plum?, and
Proceed
If fire heat is employed be very moderate
regularsuccession.
Cherries at all opportunitie?,
taking those in the open quarters in its applicationto plantsrecentlybrought in.
as
and afterwards the espaliersand wall trees. As soon
first,
FRAMES.
PITS
AND
the quartersare done let the ground have a dressingof rotten
It former
directions have
been carried out the plants in
for the
cow
dung or fresh loam, and afterwards dig it over
these structures will have a dwarf and robust growth,well fitted
winter.
If the land is of a heavy nature leave it as rough as
time if severe
weather
to bear deprivation of light for some
after pruning, the
possible. Espaliers should be looked over
should come.
of late owing
Damp has accumulated
very much
stakes made
good, and the trees securelytied to them. Where
be
to the dense fogs with which we have been visited. It may
a coat of
permanent iron- wire railingis used for espaliers,
removed
by givingair at the front and bao'i on sunny days, but
it
mineral
black or
anti-oorrosion paint should be laid on
where the pitsare
heated with flues,
be
a dry atmosphere may
trained.
when
the wire is dry before the trees are
Cherries,
and at the same
time allowing
obtained by puttingon slightfires,
and Currants have often their buds destroyed in
Gooseberries,
Keane.
a free circulation amongst the plants. W.
Take the opportunityof a damp day,
weather by birds.
severe
and dust the shoots with a mixture of dry soot and quicklime
Two
three dustings during
or
the buds.
to cover
snlfisiently
LAST
WEEK.
DOINGS
OF
THE
the winter will in a greatmeasure
prevent the ravages of these
KITCHEN
GARDEN.
pests.
OAHDEN.
PLOWEB
Protecting. The very changeable character of the weather
Bads of the choice kinds of Lilies and Cape bulbs should
rendered protectionall the more
an
necessary, for sometimes
leaf mould
frost. hour will do much
or
to exclude
have a covering of sawdust
harm, as in the case of the sharp frost a
Kises
littlebefore daybreak on the morning of the 2ad inst. after the
maybe planted wherever the ground will permit, and
neatness
is not a specialobsorts may be commenced.
mild evening of the 1st. Where
ject,
hardy and common
pruning the more
cleaned from leaves,
Let the shrubbery borders after they are
nothing is better than dry litter for keeping out frost.
the
leaves
rubbish
the
and
clean
material
of For efficiency
and cleanliness combined, a
for
winter;
"j., be forked over
open
the glass or plants,and then a waterproofcovering
to go over
each year should be preservedin a by placeto rot, and should
of protection. If made
the ground for a dressing before they are
to fit
be spread over
over
all,will be the best means
Let the gravel walks be well rolled before frost closely,though a little expensiveat first,
forked over.
nothing is better
than light wooden
comes
on.
shutters,painted,tarred,or pitched,and
AND
CONSEEVATOKY.
GREENHOUSE
thoroughlydried previousto use.
limited
with straw frames neatlymade, even
The conservatoryshould now
be kept as gay as the
We used to do much
above half of the present price,but
will permit. Bemove
when mats were
not much
of plantsin bloom at this season
number
for employing the steam
engine for threshing renders the straw
Chrysanthemums as their flowers fade, so as to make room
We
and Epacrises not fit for making the best work.
do not think that a
other subjects. Ttie earliest-started Camellias
with threshed
straw is half so good and
made
will be advancing into bloom, also the useful Erica hyemalis straw
cover
and Wilmoreana.
lastingas one made from drawn straw, and the heads of wheat
Oranges and Daphnes should be introduced
Each
Their fragranceis very desirable at this then cut from the straw.
straw then consisted of a
as
they show bloom.
Threshed
tubes.
of perfectunbroken
straw is more
season.
Neapolitan Violets,Mignonette,Cyclamen persioum, number
becomes
Narcissuses
will assist in
a
less broken, and
or
and the most forward of the Roman
receptaclefor
every tube
more
heavy and unwieldy,and
showy forced plants moisture,making each cover
making the house agreeable till the more
We are
that straw covers
sure
less useful as it becomes
wet.
Let the borders be frequentlystirred and
into flower.
come
would be exceedinglyuseful if the straw could be drawn before
raked over to preterve a fresh appearance, and attend to the
The
threshed.
Where
men
are
it was
employed, making
night temperature may
many
greatestcleanliness in every part.
Straw
stand at 45",and range up to C0" on
days. Let the straw mats neatlygave plenty of work in wet weather.
sunny
done
likewise very useful,and lastingtoo, if,when
ventilation be regular,avoidingcurrents of cold air. To obtain
mats are
be put away where mice and rats will
with and dry,they can
much
as
light as possiblethe climbers under the roof may
again be reduced and tied closer together,washing the glassat not burrow in them. We like good wheat straw better than
had
At firstwhen we used to make covers
Where
we
the same
time it necessary.
stove plants are largely reeds for covers.
number
three longitudinal
there will be a considerable
at this season
piecesthe length of the sash,placed so as
grown
which, after floweringand ripeningtheir wood, will require to to take in the width, and a pieceacross at each end, then cross
lection
be wintered
in a moderate
and dry temperature. If the colpiecesevery 12 or 15 inches apart. The frame being reversed,
is extensive there should be a house devoted to this the straw was
packed neatly in, and then other cross pieces
the under ones, and nailed
about 2 inches wide placedopposite
purpose ; and as lightis not essentialto plantsat rest,it might
"

"

JOUENAL

450

OF

H0BTICX3LT0BE

as a rock againstthe walls.

Then,
rest at that placeas firmly
of shelves yoa placeon these bearers,
accordingto the number
wedge-likepieces of wood fixed on each
you will need as many
the thin end with a small nail,so
bearer and fastened near
the cross
bearer the
side of the shelf rests on
one
tliatwhen
the wide end of the wedge.
on
other side will rest horizontally
well the system will act
will easily
The inexperienced
see how
by making a cross section of a bearer for themselves. When
for someis over and the space is wanted
thing
Strawberry-forcing
else than very dwarf plants,all that is necessary is to

AND

COTTAGE

[ December

GARDENER.

It 1871*

and train it against the back wall, yoa would succeed with it better than
in fi pot. You can
also have one
in a pot for the conservatory heated
with hot air. For plantint*in a house or a pot, Marechal
Niel does best
cither on tlie Munetti
stock or on
its own
roots rather than on the Briar.
Give plenty of well-rotted
to the roots, aa it is a strong feeder.
manure
Do not shorten
tlie shoots in pruning, but thin out and encourawe
all the
when growing, and syringe
stroop growth. Give plenty of air and water
to keep down
water
mildow, red spider, and green
fly. A little guano
will be found most beneQcial both for watering and syringing with. Have
We
no
reason
Niel against a south wall?
can
see
you tried Marechal
in the north
why it should nut succeed against a wall oat of doors oven
of Ireland.

Madame
Sertot
Rose {J.H.). We have had no experience with this
the shelves to a place of safety, Rose. From
exhibited it seemed
flowers we have seen
very similar to, if
not identical with, Alba Rosea.
We shall be glad of the opinion of Rosemallet to each end of the cross
who have tried it.
groweri
them
too with the wedges attached,and but
bearers, remove
bury
Chrysanthemums
{B. G.) The book ia published by Messrs. Bradwill be wanted for storage for another season.
littleroom
If you write to them they will give
" Evans, Whitefriars,London.
siasts
Let us add a few words of caution to inexperiencedenthuIt ought to be advertised.
you full information.
who intend to achieve great results by what they term a
Various
Foods {A(}ricola).^We have seen
from
Animal
Manures
in
Agricultural Economist," exactly what you ask
rush of forcinghigh temperature. Be assured that a gentle the Supplement to tbe
of various
for. It gives in a tabular form the comparative fAtteniog power
the conditions of success.
and gradualincrease of temperature are
of the manures
foods and the fertilisiag
produced.
power
be quitedry,though
should never
Tbe plants,likewise,
with
its slope facing the west, but
Greenhouse
((?.iiobOis)." A house
mer,
they should be somewhat so rather than wet, until the flower with little suu in winter,would do for floweringplants in general in sumand would
keep plants and grow Ferns and Mosses well in winter.
bads and trasses appear, and anything like standing water in
We
of the mode
of using the gas air-stove,
but yoa must bo parapprove
ticular
of the plants. Avoid,
otherwise is the abomination
or
saucers
in joining the joints of the zinc pipes.
keeping the bud of the plantor even
also,as much as possible
Evergreens
of the
of
Cuttings
(W. B. J. \" Except a small number
the collar of the plant wet.
commoner
kinds, there are but few that will succeed in nursery rowa
without any protection. The common
Laurel, however, will do well if
DEPARTMENT.
ORNAMENTAL
oflFwith a short heel
about 1 inch of the twothe cuttings are taken
of
deciduous
leaves
trees
now
w
e
Most of the
having
fallen,
will also succeed, as will the Portugal
The
Colchian Laurel
year-old wood.
The
Gorse.and Aucubas,
swept and cleaned the most prominent part of the lawn.
Laurel, Box of the various kinds, Privet,the Double
Hollies
should be pat in
but tbe last should have a sheltered situation.
sweepings are generallyput in a heap to heat for presentuse.
the north or west of a hedge and covered with a close frame.
on
Dry leaves we like to keep dry for future use, so as not to waste
insigne
succeeds
in a vinery or
Culture
Cypripedium
[G.
C.)."lt
much
by fermenting. A heap of such leaves,with a little greenhouse, and should be potted in a mixture of two parts of turfy peat,
them
to prevent the wind
litter thrown
blowing them
over
and equal proportions of turfy loam, charcoal, and broken
pots (crocks),
more
than a usual amount
of drainage. It is
rain if made in the slightest
degree with silver sand, aflFording
about, will keep out much
the plant
for the soil to ba kept moist at all times, and when
and pyramidal. Bat for their blowing about few materials necessary
rounded
is flowering water
sprinkle overhead and give
freely, and in summer
would be a better protection
againstfrost.
The highest temperature from fire heat that yoa
shade from bright sun.
Auriculas, Polyanthuses,Carnations,"c,, require plentyof ought to have in your vinery is 40" at night, to 45" during the day. The
Cypripedium will succeed in a greenhouse with a similar temperature, but
air,but in drizzlyweather it is safest to tilt the sashes back
less than 50^ though we
should not have
tbe Stephanotis and Gardenia
be
and front instead of taking the glasses off. Mice must
have
wintered
both safely in a temperature of 40" to 45'^,
takingcare to
and Tulips are growing. We put keep them dry. To induce the Begonias to flower well,you should give
looked after where Crocuses
them a temperature of 50" to 55" from tire heat.
We
forward
the most
Hyacinths in a mild hotbed.
gave
tulipiferum
and
Anthurium
Scherzerianum
to
Hedaroma
Bloom
plenty of air to Calceolaria cuttingsin a cold pit to prevent
The flower-buds of the former will now
be set,
August
IN
anythinglike drawing upwards, and to keep them hardy, as and in order (Wakejield).
at the required time it will bo necessary
to have it in bloom
if they do not strike to
less care
they can be kept with much
March
keep the plant very cool,just avoiding injury from frost. When
until after the shortest day is passed. Unlike other things, is past place it in a cold pit,and retard the growth by placing it in a
it may
be kept back so as to
means
north aspect after Slay, by which
nation.
moisture will not iojurethem, but drynessis their abomimere
Anthurium
should be grown in a brisk
at the time required. The
bloom
Calceolarias, large-floweredfor pot-blooming, and
heat
moist
from January up to June, and then kept moderately dry for
cool airyatmosphere. about six weeks, when it may again be encouraged with a good heat and
Cinerarias, will succeed best in a somewhat
plenty of moisture, and will most likelyfulfil your requirements. It is
If kept 6" or 10" above freezingtheywill thrive better
The Hedaroma
of the finest-floweringones.
is a
one
a stove plant,and
other
with a cool moist surface to stand on than with much
fine greenhouse plant. The large Fuchsias will winter in a cellar,giving
sufier in a dry warm
atmosphere. only sufficient water to prevent the wood shrivelling,should the air of
coaxing. The leaves soon
Cinerarias,Chrysanthemums, and Camellias will delightin the cellar be very dry.
in
Winter
Marantas
(M. W.). The Marantas should not be kept dry
water as the buds are swelling.
clear weak manure
hardwooded plants in winter like Oaladiums, but should have the soil moist, and be sprinkled
Where
a great varietyof eoftwooded and
water
as
overhead once
a-day. They will not, of course, require so much
will greatlydepend on
house, success
be kept in one
must
be bo
when
they are growing freely; but, nevertheless, the soil must
florists' Pelargoniums will moist as to maintain the foliage in good condition. Alocasia metallica
Thus"
keeping them in groups.
and the latter will do with less and A. zebrina also requireto have sufficient moisture to keep the foliage
air than Scarlets,
requiremore
fresh.
light,and
watering; Chinese Primulas cannot have too much
at
the
of
March
End
Flower
to
(IT. F. J?.)""Hyacinths,
Bulbs
the wateringshould be given to sail round instead of coming
Narcissus, and Tulips potted at the close oflast month we should place on
with fine ashes, or rather cocoa-nut refuse,about
a
hard bottom, cover
againstthe collar of the plant; Cinerarias may have a damp
as
a protection from
them a frame to serve
inch deep, and place over
an
bottom, and be kept closer than would suit the hardiest winter
remain until the middle of January, and then you
wet. There they may
Heaths, which must have air to keep mildew ffom appearing, may put them on the bed of leaves, made so high as to raise a gentle
Heath
will
stand
the
a
Australian
and then theEpaoris
higher warmth, and with linings you may bring them into flower at the time you
We should prefer moving them to a cool greenhouse in the middle
By thus name.
temperature and a closer atmosphere than Heaths.
of February.
They all succeed under similar treatment.
grouping the plantswe can, even by the regulationof air in a
Hotbeds
for
Screen
(R. J.)."Arbor-Vitso answers
very well,and has
different
30 or 40 feet long, do something to make
house
be had as high as is
Privet, for it can
an
advantage over
evergreen
house. A breeze of air that would be wanted when first planted ; but as yoa do not require a higher screen
climates in the same
Privet 2i to 8 feet
would soon
the very life of Ericas
prove destructive to the than 6 or 8 feet ultimately,we should plant evergreen
The positionof high, and 6 inches apart. If the ground is in good heart you'neednot
finer Hoveas, Gompholobiums, Boronias, "c.
it may be mixed with the soil,and will assist the
though
manure,
give
demands
of
a great amount
a house, therefore,
a plant in such
growth. The hedge you may cut as you like,bat what you need with
comprehend, unless It is to shut out the
consideration. The greatestacquaintance with the physical a screens feet high we cannot
geography and the circumstances in which certain plantswill view of the dung. Arbor- Vitro should be planted 1 foot apart.
Winter
All Caladiums
die down in winter, and
in
(T.
JR.).
Oaladiums
best
the
make
to
even
arrangement
thrive,will all be required
should bo kept dry. receiving only a gentle sprinkling from a syringe once
R, F.
in a small mixed house."
of plants
rather than a cool stove
They would do better in a warm
or twice a-week.
intermediate house, but they will succeed in the warmest
or
part of the
do not lose their leaves iu winter, but should be kept
latter. Marantas
CORRESPONDENTS.
TO
a
sphere
day. The atmomoist, and have a gentle sprinkling overhead once
are
in which
growing is too cold and dry. Fitlonias will start
N.B.
Many questionsmust remain unanswered until nest in growth again they
You
after losing their leaves,if kept only just moist.
week.
from our oflSce for the sum
named, and
have allthe works you name
can
Gd. extra for postage.
is not suitable to our
Farms
Small
(J.Taylor)."Yonv communication
and then if you like
House
Figs in Orchard
and
Gage
Plum
(An Amateur).
Transparent
columns, wait until all tbe eeries bas been published,
notes
to write
we
nothing but practical
may be able to ppare space lor
With
root-pruning and summer-pinching there can be no doubt that
them.
Are yoa
be well stored with fruit buds.
such Green Gage trees would
Niel
quite certain you have no fruit buds now, as these buds will yet be small ?
Mar:"chal
NrEL Rose (L. G.)."If, instead of putting Marechal
However, after the treatment received,we have no doubt the trees will
into a pot, you were
to plant it out lu the border of the cold orchard house,

pullback the lights,remove

give an upward stroke with

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December

7, 1871. ]

OF

JOURNAL

bear out ol doors the second senaon,

and most likely the firat season.
alone. If
If the small Figs are
not larger than the largestPeas, let them
to them, the fruit will
larger than Mazagan Beans, and frost has access

drop.

"

COTTAGE

GABDEStEB.

451

case
only the head is protected, whilst it is the stem that is
and
without
delay, and do
mostly destroyed. Lay them by all means,
not bring the leaves over
the heart until the head is forming.
Hotbed
Materials
Storing
Being short of horce{An Amateur).
for hotbeds, it will be an
excellent plan to store the materials in
manure
out
in a heap, spread them
a covered
Instead
of throwing them
shed.
thinly so as to keep them from heating. The largo bed you have mal*i-up
will
be
useful
in
March,
of three parts leaves and one
manure
horse
part
for mixing with fresh materials; indeed, just the thing to keep down
The
violent heating, and
for giving a steady, long-continuedwarmth.
horse manure,
in consequence
of its drying, will need watering when it iff

former

"

Pipes
Bottom
Chamber
Rodnd
Over
and
for
Over, or Rubble
Heat
(For/c)."We do not tliink there is much difference in practice,but
rather
like the
we
rubble best, and it is handitst and cheapest. Your
in mortar
pioposed plan of covering the rubble with tiles (and if bedded
face.
all the better),is good. We
generally use fine vra'-hed gravel for the surAs to the pipes wasting and
by rubble
rusting where surrounded
that
there can be no doubt, and so they would
do in a shut-in chamber
could
not get at. How
you
long they will stand the rusting process
"without wearing out we cannot
that some
pipes covered
say, but we know
over
and
do their work
with rubble have been concealed
after having
been iuibedded
that five
Do
not think
close on
thirty years.
you
4-inch pipes will be toa much
about top heat in
for a 5-feet bed ? How
the house ?

Glazed
House
(A Subscriher). No doubt tho house will be
with a double roof of glass. For Figs we should prefer the glass
ing
heata little more
Would
tint will do no harm.
a slightgreen
It is not easy to keep in all
not do as well as the double roof ?
power
the heat at the top of a loftyhou="e,but no doubt
the double roof would
and
beep the inner one much
especially if the space between
warmer,
them were
of any
powder that placed
nearly air-tight. We do not know
in vessels of small size would
of your fruit
absorb the extra moisture
room.
weight of moiitiire,and
Quicklime will absorb a fourth of its own
still remain
a
dry powder, but that would be useful chiefly for small
Lofty

"

warmer

clear,but

places.
Boiler

saddle-back
boiler
for
Vinery
{A Subscriber). A common
house we do not think you
than you require, but for one
valves at all,though part of the pipes should be at the back
and part in front, as wben
do not
want
much
heat you will use
you
less firing. To do more
justiceto the roots of the Vines we should prefer
planting them, as the roots are to be inside,18 to 24 inches from
the
front wall, and have the under
pipes a few inches from the wall. You
need
not, as you suppose, lose anything of the length of your roof by this
de of planting, as you can
mo
train the stems of the Vines
to the front of
the \iOuse before taking them
the
Vines cover
up the rafter. When
your
roof,S feet apart, you will get no crop on the back wall. As you resolve
to plant there likewise,we
would
plant them close to the wall, and have
the pipes from 12 to i8 inches from
it. With the two sets of Vines, we
would
plant in either case 6 feet apart,the back Vines to be trained down,
the front ones
Unless
in
a
warm
are
place you will not grow and
up.
you
ripen Oranges well,if they are kept in an unheated Orange house.
"

will do more

want

AMD

HORTIODLTOBB

any

Small
Heating
a
Lean-to
(Eettering). The cheapest way of heating
such a house would
be to have
small
a
iron stove as often described, or,
better still,
a
brick stove,wiih the pipe going through the glass roof or
through the wall. It would be best to have a small flue passing beneath the
pathway. A tileat bottom, and two bricks on edge 5 inches apart, so as to
be covered with a 9 or 10-inch tile,
would be amply sufficient ifthe tileswere
better plan
placed close together at the joints. There is no neater nor
The
than this for small houses.
top of the flii2 should be in the centre of
the pathway. You cannot
heat a small place economically with hot water.
The smaller the place the greater the waste.
"

Improving
Field
a Pasture
{D. C). As yon say the soil is shallow
the gravel,we
and upon
do not suppose
it wants
draining ; but if it does,
The
let it be drained
and rough, we
woul i run
at once.
being coarse
grass
it several
a light harrow
over
of the
would tear-up much
times, which
After doing this, give a dressing of manure
and rough wiry grass.
moss
for instance, road
or compost of a bulky kind
scrapings, the pariugs of
ditches,or soil of any kind, at the rate of from twenty to thirty one-horse
cartloads per acre.
The sooner
this can be done ihe better,in order that
frost may
mellow
any lumps that do not immediately pulverise. A good
brushingin the spring will generally spread the mixture
well,when the
be picked off and the roller passed over.
stonea may
It is a good practice
in the summer
to collect a large heap of roogh earthy material
and add
some
lime to it,which
and
quickly decomposes the vegetable matter
forms a good compost for grass land.
For thin poor land like yours we
in large quantities to artificial manures,
which are
prefer such manure
necessarily limited in bulk, and are of little service excepting in the
in which
season
they are used.
"

made

into

hotbed.

ber
Wintering
Iresine
Lindeni
(Ideml." It would do better in a Cucumwith
fresh
frame
linings than in a sunny
kept constantly warm
is just
frame
The
kitchen window, which has far too dry an atmosphere.
suitable provided you can
exclude
frost,but to do so the linings must be
well kept-up in frostyweather, and the lights protectedat night as well
as by day if the frost is severe.
Wintering
Geraniums
in
a Room
(Idem^."YonTs is the right plan of
that is, to give them
wintering them
plenty of air, and so keep them a"
sturdy as possible. Putting them out of doors every fine mild day for a
couple of hours is quite right,and should be continued, only take care to'
protect them from cutting frosty currents.
They will not be injured by
a
temperature of 35",but we should not allow the air to fall much below
40^. Just give enough water to keep them fresh,but no more.
Protecting
Peas
(Idem). When
newly-sown Peas are up, placeyour
the
without
the leaves are
some
short sticks to tliera. Spruce branches
best thing you could use.
In very severe
weather you may
employ fuUthe temperature
whenever
be removed
foliaged spruce branches, but they must
is above freezing.
Preparing
Bones
Garden
Use (Ledbury). Sulphuricacid partly
fob
The
dissolves and
it is applied
the bones
to which
partly crumbles
canis fullydetailed in
for the Many," which
Manures
you
process
have
free by post from our
if you enclose five postage stamps with,
office,
Bones so treated may
be applied to Vine borders.
your address.
Insects
The
(B. "^ S.\
specimens of chrysalids sent as injurious to
Lettuce seed while yet in the pod," were
in the post, but
all smashed
states of a two-winged fly(Anthomyia lactucaram,
they are the immature
house fly. Wo can
Bouche), very closelyresembling the common
suggestother mode
of preventing their attacks
no
than that of covering the heads
of the plants with fine gauze bags. I. 0. W.
Names
of
Fruits
{D, B. K. B. M.)."1, Norfolk Beefing ; 2, Winter
Greening; 3, Fearn's Pippin, The Potato is Lapstone, {Alek Brown)."
Enob
7, Sykebouse Russet; 8, Surrey Flat Cap; 9, Golden
; 11, Margil.
d"
Your
(Jno. Green)(J. Rowland].
3, Due
Apple is the Cobham
Brabant
Pear; 4, Belled ge Pippin Apple; 5, Pearson's Plate Apple. Wa
do not recognise the other two.
"

"

"

"

"

**

"

"

"

Names
of
Plants
(Sam or Tam)." 2. Nephrodium
moUe; 3, Adiantum
A. fulvum
attenuatum
; 6, A. lineatum,
; 5, Asplenium
fiaccidum ; 9, Probably Diplavar-; 7,Doryopteris pedata ; 8, Asplenium
zium japonicum; 10,Asplenium
fl ibelliforme ; 11, Polypodium
aureum.
{J. W. L).
1,Leucopogon Richei ; 2, Not recognised ; 3,Nerine pulchella ;.
U
4, Santolina pectinata. Santolina
a
hardy border plant, but you are
quite right in keeping Noa. 1 and 3 in the greenhouse. (C)." The Fern is
week.
iChas*
The
Conifer nest
Cyrtomium
falcatum, from
Japan.
Bennett)."!, Gymnogramma,
apparently G. Laucheana, but possibly one
of the varieties of G. chrysophyila
antum
; 2, Microlepia novaB-zelandice ; 3, AdiCapillus-Veneris; 4, Cheilanthes lendigera.

hispidulum; 4,

"

"

Blood
as
a Manure
{J.L.)."You may use blood for your Vine border
either by mixing it with eight parts of water
in two ways"
and applying it
in a liquid state ; or, which
is preferable,mix it with a quantity of spent
frame
and spread the mixture
3 inches deep over the surface of
manure,
the border.
It would then be washed-in
by the raina,or if necessary
by
water applied from a water-pot,using a coarse
spreader. Apply it when
the Vines are in active growth.
Vines
you:"

for

Three

tignan, one

an
Early
Vinery
Black Hamburghs,
Sweetwater.
Buckland

one

{Geiiturion).~1h.efollowing will suit

Muscat
Hamburgh, one White Fron-

poultry,

BSE,

AND

PIGEON

MOULTING
The moultingseason
old fowls ; and yet in

CHRONICLE.

FOWLS.

criticalperiodof the year foK

out of a hundred
there
cases
ninety-nine
is less care
taken then than in the spring,
is in
when everything
their favour.
The idea seems
the young
stock
to he, that now
is out of harm's way, theycan
all shiftfor themselves.
Some
have
much
in moultingthan others.
more
difficulty
the non-sitters feather
AU
Spanish are a long time naked.
than
the
It
ha because they lay a.
more
others.
slowly
may
of
of them causes,
number
and
the
that
production
greater
eggs,
exhaustion of the system than the twenty-one days of the
more
sitters. Certain
taxes the bird so

is the most

it is,however,that
that

such

moultingis an
time

and
effort,

old weakness

at
a
or
much,
any
Vines {E. P.)." The canes
should be cut back to three
cured disease is sure
to show itselfagain. Thus whera
good plump eyes above the length required to reach the rafter or wires, partially
or
4-feet rods or canes
to reach to within a foot of the glass,
you will need
has
existed
in
it
at
ing
moulta
repoultryyard, always appears
roup
and three eyes beyond that. Of these two will form side shoots, on which
time.
allow
bunch
a
the leading shoot.
you
The
each, and one
Vines
may
considered the great drain
will be none
the worse
of bearing a bunch
Perhaps many readers have never
or
two ; in fact,we have some
three-year-oldVines which in the second year were
allowed to bear two,
upon the system of the fowl duringthis change of covering.Not
and this year half a dozen bunches
each, and they are neither weaker
in
the
regular flesh-forming,
only have
life-giving
processes of
wood nor
worse
ripened than those that have not been permitted to bear.
but an entire new
coat of feathers has also
Nature to he fulfilled,
The
main
The
point is not to allow too heavy a crop.
pot Vines will,of
render it less necessary to crop the permanent
to be manufactured.
These
feathers consist not of flesh and
course,
ones.
The best
overing for a Vine border is glass,but wooden
shutters answer
well,and
blood alone,but of component parts of animal and mineral substances.
mats
so do straw
over
a coating of litter. Sheet iron, as represented in
These
substances are
assimilated from the food, auil
the heap of soil ; but why cover
it ?
your sketch, will do to cover
Pruning

Soil

Young

Faggot

(J.A.)."If the faggot heap is reduced to powder

It will not be peat, but decayed vegetable
matter.
It is an
excellent dressing for beds of American
plants, and
nseful for mixing with compost instead
of leaf soil,but cannot
be used
in place of peat. It should be freed of the pieces of wood
sticks by
or
through a sieve.
sifting
or

of

soil,it

is

equal

Heap

to leaf soil.

Protecting
Broccoli
the heads will not answer

so

(Jdem)." Tying the lower leaves loosely over

well as laying down
the plants,
for in the

unless birds can obtain such food as contains the necessary qualities,
the work
and
the poor fowl droops'
drags,is prolonged,
and grows thinner in the vain endeavour
to fulfilNature's requirements,
without the proper means
to work with.
I doubt
if one
and yet
gi^en this a thonght,
person in twenty has ever
it is of the utmost
importanceto thoroughand completesuccess
in raising
first-classstock.

OF

JOURNAL

4S2

HOETICULTUBE

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

7, 1871.

t December

well fed always the repaired part ; there are foods so cunningly compounded
their full liberty
and are
that have
well ; but when
they are kept in confinement,care and by a master of the subjectthat it should cost nothing to fatten
and the process should be a certainty
that
The effects of food may be
are
cattle,
generally
; medicines
precaution
necessary.
fond of hemp seed. set sickness at defiance ; giganticroots that grow without reference
proved by a fact. Quails are exceedingly
to
soil
machines
that
and
allowed
or
economise
labour
of
if
to
so
manure
are
a
This is
;
they
very hea'ing nature,
the
all
the
farm
on
black.
If
but
it
becomes
two
three
were
much
of
their
or
too
that,though
cottages
nearly
cat
plumage
would not be wanted.
Indeed,so much seems
on
vacant, yet men
it,their bodiiis are so heated that everythey are fed entirely
thing
to the
is possible.
The feathers, to be done to conquer
is di'iedup, and no nourishment
everything that is antagonistic
matter
of man,
that it becomes
of
If proper food has this interest or the well-being
a
like plants,
die for the lack of moisture.
that
should
still
that
should
not
assist.
When
birds
are
man
exist,or
surprise
poverty
feedingought to
effect,then juflicious
he
needs.
of
and
there
is
have
have
must
everything
plenty
coolingfood,
moulting they
visit
We
do not wonder
at these things. Although many
so
none
good as lettuce ; if it has gone to seed and stalkingso
these Shows determined
to keep their pockets buttoned,it is
the better.
Sods of growing grass, and plentyof fresh
much
if the visitor is blessed
an
"earthwith them, are also excellent.
by no means
easy task,especially
The man
who visits
with the societyof one
of the fair sex.
A littletreatment of this kind not onlybenefits the health of the
portance
is for the time invested with imof moulting one-third.
In addition
this Show in such company
fowl but shortens the period
Birds

mouH

of the galleries,
and is solicited
; he goes the round
The appearat every step by vendors,and is,perhaps,coaxed
thus better able to stand the cold winter.
by his better
ance
of the fowl is also vastly
better ; the feathers are lustrous, half. "Allow
me, madame, to show you this washing machine,
it ; it washes, wrings its own
a child may
and appear as if oiled ; the bird takes on fat at once, and meets
things,and
manage
costs but a few shillings." Do, pray, come
with a vigorous health and strength which
the cold weather
along,"
positively
but
Mrs.
Euffdri
is
out,
otherwise it might not have.
Well,
see,
nearly worn
says Heniy.
shall get, unless we
while moulting
we
and when she leaves ofi I don't see whom
Sometimes
afowl will be seen
to be continually
to

and the
that,the growth of feathers is strongerand hea%'ier,

fowls

are

"

"

peckingor scratchingat one spotof its body. On examination have Mrs. Uppish, and she eats and drinks so much, does so
this
sure
feathers have failed in passing little work, and requires such extra pay, that 1 am
it will be found that one
or more
throughthe opening in the skin that is providedfor the purpose. machine will be a great saving." Sooner or later Henry must
there
This
for
chaff
and
causes
beneath
it.
it.
Hia
but
turn
are
a
turnipthey grow
buy
comes,
They keep on growing,
their cost in a month
knots of Polauds,but the
in the topcutter will save
much
; for, says the vendor,
pain. It is common
"half the food is wasted, and the other half spoiledby the use
a-emedyis a very easy one ; take a stout needle and pass it under
then draw the feather from
and antiquated machinery." Henry is sure of it.
of worn-out
the quillend
of the covered feather,
under the skin.
Not only is an
at this time,but

of
some

warming nutritious food needed

also be given. Stale
kind may

three times a-week, is said

or
to be beneficial ; but perhaps one of the best thingsto use is oneounce
half pound sulphateof iron (green
one
sulphuric
vitriol),
Put a teaspoonful
of this mixture
acid,two gallonsof water.
and
in the drinking
to each pint of water
fountain,
keep it by

bread snpped in old ale given two

them

duringthe

half says, " Do

come
go to a
along, do. You never
but you buy something to economise
labour, and I do
less."
the
not
see
one
man
Agrioola,
"But,"
says
you keep
"
this."
had such a machine
I have never
as
No," says
there is an
outhouse
full of such
better half, but you know
Better

abundance
a tonic of

whole

time of

moulting.

show

"

"

been used."
True, very
things,and half of them have never
true; but Henry will buy it. This goes on all day for several
sell take
if
those
who
have
No
to
wonder, then,
goods
days.
standings, and thus from very small beginnings a monster

One thingrequiresto be wa tched ; theywill sometimes,in a

dissatisfiedhabit of body,begin to peck and eat each other's

Show

feathers.
If a fowl does this it should at once
be removed, as it
habit.
Vfillteacli others the same
{AmericanStock Journal.)

Exhibition, it is impossible to avoid being struck with a great

fact,that while there is an ebb and flow in those that make up

"

In

has grown

lookingover

up.
the

poultrythat forms

one

part of this great

either as egg
the breeds of practicalutility,
fancy classes,
Thus we
find there were
producers,hold their own.
280 pens of Dorkings, 261 of Cochins, ,S46 of Brahmas, 89 of
French breeds, 86 of Spanish, 205 of Hamburghs, 58 of Polands, 382 of Game, 153 of Bantams, 103 of Ducks, 30 of Geese,
44 of Turkeys.
Seventy-sevenpens of DorJcingswere honourably mentioned
Dorking cock,belonging to the
by the Judges. The first-prize
a bird of rare
Countess of Dirtmouth, was
merit,and deservedly
the SiWer-Greya
took an
extra prizeof ten guineas. Among
birds
have ever
f
eathered
than we
more
there were
perfectly

the
or

OVERWORKING

JUDGES.

THE

most
old poultry fancier,to endorse
as
an
me,
at page 384 on
which your reporter made
the remarks
tieartily
Palace
Show.
It is
ol Judges at the Crystal
the insuflSoiency
of
was
"too arduous, the number
most
true that the work
judges too small,and the awards made," as was well described
in the Journal," in failing
light and other disadvantages,and
with greater dispatchthan advisable."
hear
Were the Judges allowed more
time,we should certainly
criticisms afterwards in
fewer complaints,and read less severe
Pebmit

seen

meat

before.

The

White

held their own,

but

no

more.

There

throughout these classes an entire absence of inferior

was
palpable
thi' prizetakers
of new
names
among
birds, and the number
example of the effects of this haste than, for example, in the was remarkable. We heard some remarks among
the spectators
classes?
There we beheld,to our
amazement,
light Brahma
think
make
but
it is unno
reasonable
we
to
that they seemed
progress,
awarded
to a hen with vulture hocks, and a cockerel with
cups
There
must
to expect increase upon increase.
be,
birds
a squirreltail ; prizesgiven to
showing, as your reporter and there is,a limit. Having reac'aed that,the aim must be
"
white
while
other
old
tails,"
to
a
cocks. not to lose ground.
tendency
Rented ont,
Including the first and second-prizeSouthampton birds,were
of the Cochin'
bound
to speak iu very high terms
are
We
for rivals seedy in health, dull in colour,or, as
passed over
The
classes.
China
silver-cupbird, belonging to Mr. W,
"
of them
bird we do not like
a
your reporter described one
the
bird of the
beautiful
of
was
a
specimen
Augustus Taylor,
Pootka.
in any way." Beahma
We
may notice here that in these,as in other classes,
year.
true
of
This was
of detects.
absence
especially
an
there was
defects that help
the Grouse Cochins,where those disqualifving
SHOW.
BIRMINGHAM
POULTRY
found.
not to be
Weight,
the Judges in their arduous tasks were
characteristic of every class.
Little
colour, and points were
alteration has taken place in Bingley Hall since we
of
them
of
and
some
Brahmas
were
greatweight.
humorous
The
good,
this
of
cording
reour
writers,
last wrote on
subject.One
of the
who
exquisitein colour, but in these,as in some
the kind deeds of Toby Tosspot,speaks of some
Many were
"lose half man's natural estate of sun
by borrowing too largely Cochins, there is a tendency to breed vulture hooks. This ia
the leading poultry journals. Could

we

fiod

more

"

"

has
a mistake.
Just so : the appearance
of space, which
of the moon."
breeds
of the French
not only a good number
There
was
been diminished
upon
every year, has again been encroahed
ever,
merit.
We must, howbirds of unusual
has
now
galleries shown, but they were
by t he erection of another gallery. The Hall
which brought but ten pens into
the fact
is evident from
That
needed
all round.
except the La FIfiehe,
they were
that they are filled with goods and with buyers. It space were
competition. This breed finds no favour, and it would seem
the
between
offered to them
afiorded we
advisable to distribute the money
believe the four days of the Show would be a perfect
these latter breeds have
Both
fair. At present there are
most
Cicve-CQ3urB and Houdans.
things,from the cowhide
of our
relative across
ing
the Atlantic,
to the composition for mendmade
great progress, and showed birds of largesize and great
that only a few years since
glassso stronglythat the vessel cannot be broken again in beauty. We cannot helprecollecting

December

7. 1871. ]

the Brahmas

JOURNAL

these breeds

and

OF

were

HORTICULTURE

confined

AND

of the largerkindmerits,the apparent vigourand vivacity

had an excellent pair of Whites, very short in head, verp
small in body, and vex"y good in generalcharacteristics.
An unusually
goodpairof Blacks was exhibited by Mr. Joshua Fielding,
jun. They
possessedall the chief and essential features of the breed,but, as with
of a bluish tinge. The jet black has yet tO'
most Blacks,they were
Mr.

the progress
stillshow

better than

the Silver. There

were

some

unusually good Golden-spangled.

Polish fowls are
decidedlylookingup. We
longtime peen aa many good Golden and Silver

have not for a

as at this Show.
It is unnecessary
mention
of
the
to make
Game.
They
any
formed
them would
birds among
magnificent classes. Some
by their weight have astonished the cockers of the last century.
The Duekwings are stillthe weakest class.
will soon
be things of the past. They
Sebright Bantams
entries in two classes.
The
Black were
brought but seven
excellent and the White
good. The other varieties brought

Cochins,Friealand,and
good as we have seen.

Japanese. The

Cochins

were

not

Game

Bantams

The specimenswere
excellent.
(English) An admirable pair of Whites, that have won,
first
the
were
cock bird does not show so well a"
frequently,
; though
formerly,
yet that beautiful round head is still unchanged in eitheihis eye has acquired
bird, but the cere around
a reddish
tingewhich*
There were
is objectionable.
ten entries in this class.
There were
Nuns.
lent,
eighteen entries. All the prizebirds were excelexcellent pair belonging
to Mr.
throughto our mind a stillmore

Owls

"

"

E. T. Dew
dark corner

so

Yellows

parsed

was

over,

of the Show.

shown, none

were

suppose, from
whole c'-s-ss
was

we

The

of which

found

the fact

good.

favour.

faded washed-out colour.

a
Titrhits(Red or Yellov). In this class there

of

being

Their

in

p.irsof

Three

tails

were

all of
were

"

birds

(eighteen
entries)
; though many

was

of them

good

seemed

muster

sadlyout

of
of

first prize
excellent. The
condition,the qualityof the birds was
went
to a handsome
pair of Reds, the second to a pairof brilliantcoloured Yellows ; in fact,rich and pure of colour,small and compact
in form, but from having shell-crowns
instead of peaks,they werfr
destined for the second place. Mr. Horner
showed a capital
pair.of
the
but
about
to lay,was
Reds,
hen, apparently
quiteout of form^

PIGEONS
from 2)age 428.)
{Concluded
Runts.
Seven entries viz.,two pairsof Bines and five of Silvers.
Blues of such size that they had scarcely
The winning pairwere
room
"

Fulton

be obtained.

in themselves
a
show, and we
thoughta Duokwiog coek one of the best birds we ever saw.
Ducks
and Geese, with the exception of one
a
class,were
continued
but well-deserved
The
triumph for Mr. Fowler,
in Turkeys,
same
may almost be said of Mr. Lythall

The

453

with other

good in quality,but not numerous.

They do
they did years ago.
Pencilled
varieties
in
the
and
but
doing,
Hambitrghs are up
Spanish were

the Golden

GARDENER.

second to a grand pairof Blues,pure and rich in colour,

each pen rem arkable (for
coloured specimens)
and having,combined
in head properties,

to the Various

olass.
not make

COTTAGE

and

"

Their bulky forms likewise told well on the scales,

to turn in the pens.
the weif^htbeing 4 lbs. 6 ozs.
The cock bird had unfortunately
lost

shnwed to a disadvantage.Mr. F. Waitt also senfc

consequently
first-classpair of Reds, but
in rather
a
deplorablecondition.

Though they were

marking distinct.

soiled the colour was

very much
Mr. 0. E. Cresswell showed

rich,and
a

the line of

very nice

pair of

Reds.
The White
the disastrous seasoib
class was
good considering
Judges would have been a fatalobjection,
eye, which loss with some
hav"
through which old birds have passed,and in which young
ones
but the pair were
worthyof their position.There -(vere other good been reared.
birds,but diminutive in comparison to the prizewinners.
Turhits (Any other colour).Fifteen entries,among
which wer"
Jacohins. There were
twenty-four
pens of average merit ; two were
some
splendidbirds,the most conspicuousbeing the Blues that won
selected for severe
criticism
soon
namely,a handsome pairof Reds and the first
well matched, well frilled^
a
handsome
prize
pair,
really
The latter were
chosen for the highesthonours,
a goodpairof Yellows.
and
uniform
colour,and in
far preferable;they good shape,good peak ; sound, clear,
thoughin our opinion Mr. Fulton's Reds were
second
health. The
; perfect
prize went to a very pretty,neat, and;
with the exception
of a little blemish in the thighof one
were
perfect
of Silvers,
well frilled and a good match.
F. H. Pagetpair
compact
bird.
and
in
chain, sound
They were small, good in head, mane,
Esq.,showed an excellent pairof Silvers. The class was good.
Mr.
colour,compact in form, and in good condition.
Thompson's
class was
and
This
Drarfoons
a
(Blue).
large one,
owing to thethe cock foul in flit^ht,
and
Yellows,though very good, were
larger,
of opinionupon them, a difficultone
awardsto judge. The
diversity
both birds somewhat out of condition ; but in justice
to the Judges we
not
in
accord
with
were
first prizeand?
views. The
altogether
our
state that there was
of the Reds, and this
a doubt
as to the sex
may
silvercup went to a splendid,
and gracefulpairof birds^
well-matched,
In the class for any
uncertaintymight have influenced their awards.
which have been closely
times and have alwayscomescrutinised many
entered.
The prize list was
headed
other colour only seveu
pens were
off victorious.
The same
exhibitor took the second prizewith a very
"witha handsome
pairof Whites of more than ordinarymerit, good in handsome
double tier,
either tooThe
in
a
birds,
were
pair.
ranged
the shapeof the head and in general outline, clear white eye, hood
high or too low to be properlyseen.
and chain good. They were
pure white,and did credit to the loftfrom
Dragoons(Redor Yellow). Thirteen entries. The firstand second
which they came.
All the birds wereFantails (White). There were
prizeswere taken with two good pairsof Yellows.
It is
an

"

"

"

"

"

"

proverbial
twenty-four
pairs.
good Dragoons.
judge,for the worst pairin a too coarse and Carrier-like to be thoroughly
This
class was
Dragoons(Silver).
to the best advantage,whilst better pairsare
unusually strong,Silvers bein^
seen
and
difficultto
There
scarce
breed.
of their pens.
A very good pairwas
cond
first. Sewere, however,twelve pens of birds,,
crouchingin corners
factory.
came
a capital
pairof birds,good in tail,make, and carriage.most of which were very good,though too heavilywarted to be satisThe first-prize
birds were
The hen showed
to a disadvantage,as she is not quitethroughher
good,thoughtoo heavy and coarsebe
to
The
remark
the
same
t
o
and
of
her
proper Dragoons.
when judgedwas
moult,
applies
bleedingfrom one
second-prizehalf-developed
These two pens were
to advantagefrom
their extra good
A well-matched,unusually good paircame
seen
tailfeathers.
third. They
pen.
condition.
The
bars of the second-prizepair are of too black a tint
had a full-feathered and expansive
tail and carried it well, but were
much
soiled in appearance,
otherwise
theywould doubtless have had for Silvers. Mr. H. AlJsop exhibited six good pairs,one of which
should have been upon the prize list.
better place. Several other pens of good birds were
a
shown, and
them a cock bird in a pen belonging
Dragoons(A.nyother colour).Of these there were thirteen entries.
to Mr. Yardleywas noticeable
among
Most of the birds were
merit.
He had an
as being of extraordinary
good,but many were out of plume and rather
immense tail,fuU"

that the Fantail

often
class are

classes

are

to
diffi^:ult

"

"

feathered, and

well

spread

into

out

an

almost

circular

form ; he

soiled.

Magpies. Some excellent birds were shown. There were five pairs
of Yellows,three of Blacks, and one of Reds.
Autwerps (Silver
Dun). This was a very largeand excellent class^
good.
FantaiJs (Any other colour).Eightpens were
thirty-three
appearing for competition.The fancy for thi"
exhibited six pens
pens
of Blues and two of Blacks.
An
excellent pair of Blues were
first. breed is extendingevery year, as the merits and value of the breed
The first prizewas
taken by a very good
generallyknown.
They were of a good pure colour,with regularand well-defined bars, are more
pair of birds.
and without
doubt
the best pair shown.
good in tail and carriage,
The
seventeen
There
exhibitor also took the second prizewith another
Antwcrps(Blue).
were
and the whole of
same
entries,
of
pair
otherwise

was

mated
to a hen of the
was
good,but unfortunately
so that pairwere
passed. The whole class was

"

second order of Fans,

"

"

"

"

the birds were

good.
but theywere
general characteristics,
Antwerps (Red Chequered). This was an excellent collection of
havingpearl and the cock red eyes.
Trumpeters(Mottled)were representedby six entries of capital thirteen entries. The first prizeand silvercup went to a fine pair.
all of good
Ant/rerps (Blue Chequered). There were twelve entries,
Trumpeters,if not all proper Mottles. The first prize was awarded
birds.
first prize went to a handsomely chequered and
The
wellfor a first-class pairof birds,good in feather,large,
full in rose
and
exhibitor
well-feathered in leg. These birds well merited their position.The
developedpair. The second prizewas awarded to the same
for
in
a
first-rate
second prizewas
tahen by a
to that which won
pair infinitely
the first,
superior quality
pair of birds,though scarcely
entitled to be classed as Mottles. They were
prize.
a perfect
match, uniform
black with mottled
Archangels.Of these there was a fair display.
or
heads, good in every particularsave
sprinkled

Blues, also good

ill-matched

in colour and

in eye, the hen

"

"

"

their doubtful title as

Mottles.

"

but
only three entries,
Jrumpeters(Any other colour).There were
of two pens amply compensated for the deficiency
in numbers.
quality
"

the

Fiist

came

pair of Blacks.
helpwondering at
a

wonderful
These

two
the marked

Sicalloius. Twelve
of this kind formed the class,
in which
pens
there were
many
very good birds.
Ang other other New or Distin et Variety."Inthis splendidclass of

pair of Whites ; second as wonderful

and one
pairswere
cannot
perfection,

various
were

sorts it is usual to expect

of beautiful p

entries
thirty

competition.This

severe
ens

of

Pigeons.

The

year there
first prize and

taken
improvementmade of late years in the silver cup were
by an e xqnisitepair of delicately
pencilled
entries of this very attractiveand prolific
breed of Pigeons.
Brunettes,from a consignment of foreign
Pigeonsrecently
imported.
Owls (Foreign).The firstprizewent to a splendid
the i A pairof handsome Ice Pigeons also took a firstprize. A second prize
pairof birds,
"

JOURNAL

454

was

awarded

to

was

made

to

pairof

OF

very nice Ural Ice

AND

HOETICULTUEE

Pigeons,and

like award

prettypairof Satinettes.

surely if

Monday

7,480

9,144
Tuesday
Wednesday. 16,670
12,270
Thursday.
..

1869.

6,368
10,215
10,370

6,099
8,840
13,494
12,336

44,283

40,759

16,970

Total..

45,654
Summary

1867... 220
1868.. .203
1869... 337
1870... 300
1871... 356

of

have

HAVE

Poultry

years

pens sold
pens sold
pens sold

been

directed

much

SHOW
pleased to
of
largesum

6,361

6,543

9,170

14,082
14,661

9,968
16,252
14,698

44,174

47,461

"1,103
"1,004
"1,120

Os.

Od.

Os.

Od.

Os.

Od.

"1,043

5s.

"1,207

"s.

Od.
6d.

ENTRY
see

1870.

1871.

Sales.

pens sold
pens sold

BRISTOL
I

Adihssions.

of

1868.

FEES.

letters in your Journal

3s. being exacted for one
at Birmingham,
than
class. My advice to the

No.

33 ; it is for

Fantails

any

colour, English Osvls any colour,Nuns

reason

and

Turbits

for

for the

view

to

views, at

past four years ; and

I ought by this time
profit,
least during the past two

"

Year.

1867
18-8
1869
187J
"19

Total....

"47

I include in the expenses, of course, railwaycarriage; but as

Mr. Cambridge will say that the committees
not benefited
are
include it in my profits),
by that (allhoughas surelyI cannot
I have

for catalogues
separated cariiageand even
payment
the entry fees, and
I find that entry fees amount
from
to
"29
17s. Gd
railwaycariiageand cataloguesto "17 6s. Id. I
have thus to poultry shows
than "3 for every "2
paid more
received from them.
Mr. Cambridge goes on to say that at most of the five shows
that have
been held at Bristol the Committee
have
incurred
,

in

first prizes,when
cups
will stand as
therefore,

bo

many

considerable
may

classes.
Some
loan assure
may say, All know better.
you they
do not. All old fanciers do,but many young ones
do not. I know
this makes
the list look very attractive.
My advice is,before
fanciers enter only one
the cost.
or
two pens, to count
They
will find it will not pay.
As a young
fancier and well-wisher
of the Bristol Show, I now
ask the Honorary Secretaryand the
six gentlemen upon
the Committee
to give the matter
their
most
careful consideration,
and hope they will come
to the
their entrance fees ; and if eo, I beg of
to reduce
conclusion
who
brother
fanciers
have
only sent one or two pens before,
my
to send
as
as
J, F. Loveksidge,
they possibly can.
many
"

Newark,

showing,

any colour.
any young
not notice
the Pigeon

colour. Trumpeters any

drawing attention to this is, that

fancier who only keeps one of these varieties,may
that it is for the best pen in classes 79 to 83, as
iist does not say so, only the cup list.
The
best plan is to say a cup for the best pen

.My

in

I began with
moderated
my

7, 1871.

losses.
Of course, I cannot
tell what their expenses
be beyond the prizelist,but I have seen
it many
times repeated,that the entries ought to pay the prizes,the
admissions
and sale of catalogues
current
expenses of the show,
to pay for cups.
I have but one catalogue
and the subscriptions
I find that Mr. Camr
of Bristol by me, that for 1869, in which
bridgepaid his expenses by his prizes; I as certainlydid not.
I see
that the poultry entries numbered
1099, at 7s. Sd the
to "293, the cups
prizes amounted
presented by the
money
to
the
Committee
"73
10s.
amount
of "51, nine
to
(other
cups
and
the
saved in the
being presented by individuals),
money

"1
againstthe
of Pigeons ; this being 6d. more
pen
while only two prizesare offered in a
is to at once
Committee
reduce the charge to 7s. 6d. for the
first entry,and 5s. for every additional entry. I cannot
see
wlat
they have ofiered for the extra charge. Take, for instance,

"cap

[ December

GARDENER.

incurred

expenses
to

Number
1867.

COTTAGE

Notts.

Entries

Money

The

to "50,

i
412

1099 at 7s. 6d

money

293 0
73 10

cups

where

cups

were

account,

"

prizes

Comtaittee

Less

awarded,

were

follows

awarded

d.
6

I.

0
0

Balance
"412

entries and prizes,including cups, were

cerned,
conhad a surplus of "95
the Committee
12s. 6d.,besides
admissions, sale of catalogues,and 10 per cent, on sale of
I certainlyshould
poultry,to provide for all other expenses.
So

far,then,as

have found
have expectedthat they would
it necessary to
increase the scale of entry, and I expect that they will find that
received is very much
less than under
the total amount
the
like myself,who, although not
old system, as there are
many
cannot
afford to pay "1 6s. for the privilege
showing for profit,
E. S. T.
of exhibitingone
pen of birds.
not

I CONSIDER
Mr. Cambridge'sargument, in answer
to "E.S.T."
fails entirely
that there is any advantage whatever
to show
to
4ie expectedfrom the "1 subscription
fee.
E. S. T.
may or
of those who merely show for profit. If he is,
may not be one
I dare say he is not amongst those who are never
disappointed.
But be this as it may, the questionappears to me
to be thii :
What
advantage do the Committee
expect to gain from the "1
?
Sarely the exhilitora who have only one or two
eiibscriptiotj
"

"

"

the different writers against the schedule

I THINK
of the
are
Bristol Poultry Show
perfectly
right in their objections. I
they are many, will not give their support. The
intended to exhibit a few pens of poultryat the forthfor one
coming
subscriptionapplies very favourably to the large exhibitors
Show, but when I saw that I should have to subscribe
and
than
dealers,and will give the latter the chance of more
fees of 6s. for each pen, I gave up
20s.,besides paying entrance
ever
monopoliiingthe prizes,as in the ease of the Pigeon prizes the idea. It is a pity that the committees
of poultryshows do
of the shows lately. It ia not that I look so mueh
at the
at most
to the exhibitors of French
not hold out greater inducements
"1 as at the uojast way in which it is applied. If the Committee
fowls ; the present system of classifying
gives no encouragement
had adopted Mr. Sidgwick'splan and charged so much
I would draw
to fanciers (like
myself),of such breeds.
have been
far more
and would
satisfactory,
of English shows and
per pen, it would
the attention of the different committees
which was
a
not have given an advantage to one
issued by the Grand
disadvantage that of exhibitors to the prize list now
to the other.
fee of 7s. dd. per pen
Surely an entrance
ought National Poultry Show
of Ireland, which
does credit to the
there is so largea number
to support any show where
of entries
but especially
Committee
in general,
to Mr. Zurhorst, the Chairman,
And if I am
as
at Bristol.
rightlyinformed there was no loss,
George
who is well known
as
a fancier.
A. Stephens.
but a small balance on the last Show
have continued
; and why not
the same
rules as long as there was
loss?
But the
no
LIGHT
BRAHMAS.
made
proof,I suppose, will be soon
evident; and if the Cimmittee
out
the gainers I shall be quite as pleased as
come
a small
May I crave
as
space with regard to this subject,
my
Non-Exhibitor.
though I had exhibited.
that of your valued correspondent,
as
experienceis not the same
I have been a breeder of Brahmas
Mr. L. Wright ?
for some
that you will spare me
I TRUST
a small
Mr.
the Light Brahmas, and excellent
My first friends were
apace to answer
years.
a
letter of mine
the Bristol
spised
deon
in all points I found them
Cambridge's remarks
good layers,hardy, and never
upon
he assumes
that I am
as
of those
when
one
entry fees,especially
white, and had wellput on the table. Mine were
"who look upon
poultryshows merely as places to which they marked black and white neck hackles,but, alas I they had single
"!au send their birds with
the hope of making a profit." This
no
combs.
At first this was
drawback, but an edict from the
Mr. Cambridge assumes
to be "evident."
Well, I think that Judges went forth that Light Brahmas, as well as Dark, must
I can
then
Of course,
Allow me
and
bring forward a littleevidence the other way.
have
combs,
my prizetakingceased.
pea
to offer the followingextracts
from
I crossed with pea-combed birds
a
when
I found out the reason,
poultry chronicle,
my
short record of the amount
of prizeswon, and of the amount
in the kingdom, but I
of
from the two firstyards of Light Brahmas
pens, and

"

"

"

"

OP

JOURNAL

7, 1871. ]

December

I obtained pea-oombed ohiokena

that when
they either
hackle worth
the name
were
cream-coloured,and
or
I
to
had
feathers
for
venture
white under
lay down
frequently
;
that if they are pure
this trait in Light Brahmas"
as undeniable
of a darkish grey or elate colour,
are
all the feathers underneath

found
had

no

but if oroeeed with White

Cochins, then
white underneath.
This I believe is an
ask Judges when not satisfied as to the

they generallycome
unfailingtest,and

purityot

strain to

make
this one of their tests.
"
Your readers will now
ask, " What does the writer want ?
tion
distincno
I ask Judges to declare that they will in future make
between
singleand pea-combs in Light Brahmas; but that
they will judge this class for colour, purity,size,and shape.
Vor the last three years I have given up all my L'ght Brahmas,
until this
do not feel inclined to breed them
and
any more
and
unfair favouritism of the pea-oombed birds is relinquished,
test as
Brahmas

"

Wright

COTTAGE

AND

HORTICULTUBE

of. The Dark

use
to purity of blood frequentlymade
Mr.
I still breed,and not alwaye unsuccessfully,
as
will testify.
F. P., Yorkshire.

455

GAEDENER.

The working Committee

Societyof Ireland.
Ornithological
gentlemen who carried on
comprise amongst them the same
made
advance
The
of 1870.
the large Show
by all English
The best Judges
shows has put Irish fanciers on their mettle.
be
will
the
superintendedby
in England will officiate ;
poultry
that at
Mr. Shockley. Wlien we mention
this,and remember
exhibitors will probably
the last Show no loss nor death occurred,
silver
seventeen
assist the Society. "550 are given in money,
fourteen for Pigeons,and "15 for cage birds.
cups for poultry^
the

The

entries close December

BIRMINGHAM

18 lb.

FOR

THE

FUTURE.

I addressed to the Secretarybefore the

In a communication
in the
for not entering,
entries closed,I explainedmy reasons
alterations the prizelist contained,and my conviction that the
the
lessen
would
that
this
Committee
had taken measures
year
correct ; indeed,but for
entries.
The
catalogueproves I was
the wonderful
entries in Brahmas
(how these mongrels have

"

EXHIBITING.

DEALERS

have diminished
their ground I) the entries would
very
do
that Creve-Cosnrs and Houdans
perceptibly. It would seem
In
check.
not
increase,whilst Malays have had a very great
certainly
this class the mistaken
parsimony of the Committee
deterred me
from enteringfour pens.
to me, should
Birmingham, our old grandmother, it seems
S^me
take warning from 1871.
greatalterations must be made
Reverse the dates,
at the top of the tree.
if she is to remain
and I fancy the CrystalPalace would have beaten her in entries,
held

I HAVE
to the conclusion that exhibitions got up on the
come
Fanciers may
buy
the best birds dealers have at very high prices,and at the next
show the same
dealers beat them completely. I suggestto all
secretaries and committees
that,for the future welfare of their
shows, dealers be restricted to exhibitingin the Sellingclass.
will in a few
Show
and I cannot
but think that the London
If you refer to many
Fanciers will then have a fair chance.
and the
shows of late,the prizetakers
confined to a few who
are
really years outstripher. What with darkness in the pens,
out
I feel certain that withlave
no
right to compete with amateur fanciers. I should be utter disregardof friendlysuggestions,
soon
must
resign the pride of
alteration Birmingham
,gladit any of your readers could make any further suggestion
the
in
of the Varietyclass is shabby
with the view of givingreal fanciers a more
place." The treatment
open field amongst
extreme, and this year it struck me that the prizelist as regards
themselves.
John Ashwoeth,
Blackburn.
compared to past years. Joseph
poultry was
very meagre
HiNTON, Warminster,

present system will not long be successful.

"

"

"

FEW

Thinking

WORDS
I

POULTRY-KEEPING.

ON

unusually euooesstul in my management of

PRIZE
PIGEONS.
fowls, and as I gained my
knowledge from perusing your
"
with
Journal," I consider that I ought through it to inform other
of your correspondent
I HEAKTiLT
eudorso the remarks
how to get a good many
amateurs
small
number
of respect to the old diseased Carrier Pigeons shown
at the Crystal
eggs from a
fowls.
a
of
My poultryhouse consists of a wooden buildingwith a Palace.
chance
the least
I reallycould not see
young
slated roof,situated in a large garden,in an angle of a stone
exhibitor like myself ever
attainingthe honourable positionof
wall 12 feet high, and facingsouth-west; it is thus very warm.
such birds as the cup Black Carrier hen,
a prizewinnerwhile
The roostingplaceis in the corner, and has about 8 square yards diseased in her
dition
wing and eye, are to be specimens of high conof floor;next to this is a small yard of about the same
extent ;
and
perfecthealth as prescribedin the rules of the
both are
oovered-in and have a concrete floor.
In the outer
diseased
in
also
Dun
Carrier cock was
The
Show.
first-prize
plenished
yard is a box containingabout half a peck of sand, which is rethe wing, his owner
remarking to me that they were all a little
am

about once
a-mouth.
The outer run
wired-in consists
above 5 square yards,with ordinary soil for the floor. I
let the fowls out at any time, nor
never
do I keep a cock,as I
"do not care
to breed,my object
being only to flnd sufficienteggs
all the year round for my own
house.

of

I bought four pullets,two

Spangled Hamburgha and two
Black
Spanish, in October, 1870, and in February, 1871, they

began

lay. I then killed off my other fowls. One

died in August, thus I have only three hens
time.
The followingis the result :
present
to

Hamburghs

of the
at the

"

Iq

March
lu April
In May
In June

My

79 eggs.
68 egga.

In

July
August

23 eggs.

8tegga.

In September
In October

36 egga.
50 eggs.

71 eggs.

feeding is

as

follows
I throw

Every

the bird two or three days after teila the tale. 1 think a few
healthy
shows in a more
of this kind would put our
gentlemen of honour, and
position. The judges are, I believe,
their
make
evils
when
they
above all suspicionof the existing
would also giveencouragement to young
awards.
Such a course
exposures

exhibitors.

"

An

Old

Soescbibee.

I feed twice a-day,at

'9 A.M. and 2 p.m. ; at each meal
down in the yard above
COLUMBARIAN
OF
AMALGAMATION
a pound
of paste made
of barleyflour oi; crushed oats mixed
SOCIETIES.
with kitchen
also
two
three
handfuls
or
of
At
scraps,
barley.
"
the same
time I generallygive them a four-fined forkfull of
sideration,
The hint of " A Columbakian
(seepage 401),is worth consods and with plenty of soil,
of the
which
X dig up fresh out of the
it only from the fact that a great many
were
garden. I vary this with a supply of cabbage leaves,lettuces, best fanciers" fanciers in the truest sense
of the word, who
ohickweed.
About
a-month
once
I break up very small
or
now
never
exhibit,would make an annual appearance at such
which they soon
about six oyster shells,
If
I
find
closed
be
pick up.
would practically
againstall but the ilite of
a show
as
any
food not eaten, I at once
reduce the quantity. Half a stone of
I think, of columas
of the great objects,
the fancy. One
barleyflour,or crashed oats, with the same
is to oppose
quantityof barley, barian societies,
trickeryand dishonest showing,
lasts one
a
month, costingIs. Zd.,whereas the value of the eggs and though it would be follyto expect to weed it out entirely,
is at least is. I attribute my success
principallyto the warm
singleyearly show under the auspices of the amalgamated
the
a
nd
sand
and
and
to
also parroosting place,
bath,
for the fancy in that way,
bring
green stuff,
societies would do much
ticularly

system

of

In

at times.
opinion be
bird that takes a prize should in my
handled by the judge and the wing jointstried,also the eye
of our
great
well examined, as the grand object with most
exhibitors is to get their birds into the pens as short a time as
sedative
the
whilst
and
the
plied
apjudging,
possibleprevious to
of
to the disease retains its effect ; but an examination
bit queer

to not over-feeding. On
I have
November
1st, one
three eggs ; 4th, 0 eggs.
J. F. M.

month

"

takingstock
egg ; 2nd,

"

"

DnBLiN

National Poultry
the 18tb,19th and 20!h of

Show.

This

for the present

two

eggs ;

Show isjto
be held on
Januarynext,under the auspicesof
"

the fore many

men

who

shrink from coming out at our ordinary

the grandest specimens of their

3rd, shows, whose lofts contain

specialfancy.
I would suggesthere that

at such an annual show, piincipallyfor birds of the year bred by the exhibitor, the prizes should
be a gold and a silver medal, and that money
prizes be not

JOURNAL

456

I fliallbe glad if there should

the subject.West
Riding.

offered.
on

HORTICULTURE

OF

follow

Bome

AND

dence
correspon-

"

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

[ December

7, 1871.

2 and ;"c,
Superintendent. G. A. Eeade.
N. G. Glassford.
Anyj other Variety
'
-^ u.
(Blue Pile).
2, D. J. M'Calmon
GATiiB."^iiiple Cocks.- Bhiek-breastrd.~1,A. Frnser.
2, "W. Jame".
3. C.
JarPies. Brown-breasted
and Ginger Bed."
\ i,a.-Dd3. A- Fraser.
Diickirings
Calvert.
2. W.
3, W. G. "Walker
3, J. G. Euddenklim.
Any othrr Vari.ti/
(White). 2, W. Calvert
1, E. Deacon
(Pile).3. J. Hossack
(B.rcliin YcUow).
he, G. Eares (AVhite).
Coloured."
I^OhKi^GS."
1 and Extra, presented by Mr. Sawtell, J. Htnworth.
Chickens."
2, H. SawieU.
3, A. A. Fantbam.
1, C.Ad^dn.
Spanish.1 and Cup, presented by Mr. G. "Warner, T. Stapleton. 2. A Clark.
3, H. Sawtell.
Cochins.and
2.
T.
Z??/ir."
1,
Ex^ra,
Stapleton, presented by Mr. G. Gould.
Any other Variety." 2, E. Strange (Grouse).
3, E. H. Banks.
Ddrfc.
Beahmas."
Cup. presented by Messrs. CoatPB " Co., 1,2, and ?, Wood
Brothers.
Light." Cup presented by Mr. W'jiin Williams, 1,2, and S Mrs. R.
"W. Fereday.
'H.A^Bi'RGus."
Golden-pencilled. "2, T. Russell.
Silver-pencilled. 1 and
Extra, presented by Mr. G. Gould, H. Sawtf^H.
2. A. Todd.
Goldcn-Hpanglcd.
1 and
Extra, presented by Mr. G
Gould. T. Stapleton. 2, C. James.
3, W.
Sneddon.
Silver-spangled.1 and 2, C. James."
Fisher.
T.
J.
Abbott.
2,
PoLisn."GoWen."l,
2 and
Si/fcr."l,A. Fraser.
3, T. Williams.
1 and 2, "Wood
Ceevf.-Cceuk."
Bros.
8. "W. N. Milton.
Barndoors.2.J. G. Palairet {Brahma and Dorking). S,R.
1, E. P. Crosbie.
Betbell
he. H. Sawtell.
(Brahma and Dnrkin^)
Bilvta^^."
Game
Black-breasted
Bed.- \,N. G. Glassford.
2 and lie,
R. Eerr.
3, N. G. Glassford.
Duckwings."l, F. Bijrga.
Bantams
(Any other varietv)." 1. R Kerr. 3, E. R. Deacon
(White).
Turkeys1. A. Fraser.
2, F. Pa\-itt (Buff).
Gefse."
1, Mrs. N. Gordon, Glassford.
Ducks"
A. Fraser.
2 and 8,J. Hebden.
^4y/f.s6"ri/"l,
Bouen."!, G. Goald^
2, H. Sawtell.
3,J. Lane.
Any other Variety."1, J. Chegwidden,
Carriers."
Pigeons."
1,T. Williams.
Tumblers." 1 and 2, T. W.Hiains.
3, F.
Bigpp. Pouters.-], F. Biggs. 2. E. Strauge. Jacobins." 1 and 2, T. Williams.
Fantails."
1, G. Fletcher.
2, F. Biggs. 3, E.
Bald^."\
and 2, T.
Strange.
Williams.
Beards
"1
and
T. Williams.
2,T. "\^"illiams. Nuns."i.
2, F. Biggs.
Owls."\. T. Williams.
2, F. Biggs. Any otlier Variety "1, E. Strange (White
1 and 3, F. Biggs (Turbits
Extra
and Trumpeters).
Trumpeter).
Canaries."
CZenr Yellow." 1, 2, and he. T. Stapleton
Extra
2. J. Dunlop.
Clear Buff." 1, J. Dunlop.
Yellow
Variegated" I,A. ^Yi\soIi. 2, T. Staflleion.
Buff Variegated.~l a.nd. 2, T. Stapleton. Mules."
1, J. Ounlop (Linnet). Anu
o^^ier Far;e/7/,"l,E. Strange (Belgian). 2, G. Sadler
(Goldfinch).Extra 2, J.
Dunlop
(Linnet).
"

"

"

AIRDEIE
This
of

held

was

POULTRY

the 2Dd

on

poultryand Pigeons.

SHOW.

inst. There

The

upTvardsof

\fere

is the
following

ISO

listof awards

entries

:
"

Spamsh"
1, G. F. Lninp-, Airdrie.
2, M. Clelland. rambuBnethaD.
3, A.
4. J. Waddell,
White, Mo1Leri\-el).
Airdrie Hill. Chicken.^." 1 and Medal, G.
F. LainfT. 2, J. A itken, Loanliead.
S,A. Kobertson, Kilmarnock.
4,J. Andrew,
Clarketon.
DoKHiNGs."
1, Z. H.
Hcys. Parrbead.
2, J. W'addell.
Chickem."y, Z. H.
2 and 4, A. M'Donald,
Heys.
Easter Moffat.
S,J. "Wacidrll.
I and
Game."
4. J. "Vtaddell.
2. A. Mackie.
Mvrot.
Chickens.
3. Z. H. Hevs.
"1
j-nri Medal, J. "V\'addell.2, E.
Irving,Kockiiffe, Carlisle, S, 2. H. Heva.
4, J. AUken.
Eeahm/s."
1, W. Good, Chapelball. 2 and 4, E. Eobinson, Airdrie.
S, J.
Birch, Paillieston.
Cochins."
1,J. Pollock. Bnshbv.
2, A. Crawford, Chapelhall. 3,J. Drinnan,
"Woodhall.
4. W. MacMillan,
Bothwell.
Scotch
Obeys
-1, E. Gibb.
stone.
2, J. Meiklim, Hamilton.
S, J. Taylor, John4, J. Aitken, Johnstone.
B ATaBVRcns.~Go}de7i-spaiio}ed."l
2 snd
and
4. M.
Medal. F. Eobinson.
Clelland. 3. T. Love, Chapelball.
Eobinson.
E.
2, J.
SUver-simnglcd."'i,
Ait/?hinFon. Cnmbuslanp. 3, J. Moodie, Pai'lev.
1,3. ArmGolden-pencilled."
StronfT.Lonpto-wn, Cumberland.
2, M. Clelland.
3. H. EnsBel. C^ ckmannan
4, D. Gibb. Moiberivell.
K. Crawford, Barrhead.
Silvcr-pencilled."l,
2, J*

Pollock,Cumbuslanfj.
Gamf, Bantams."
1,J. WaddelL
2,G. "Williamson.
3,E. T. Gcmmell, Glasgow.
Airdrie.
Bantams."
1, A. Enberfpon.
2. G. F. Laintr. S. W. Hardie.
4. "W. Paterson.
TuEKFTS."
] and
B,E. Eobinson.
2, G. F. Laing. 4, J. Goudie.
Any
othee
Vaeiety."
1, Z. H. Eeys. 2, W. Gibb.
3, W. Linton, Selkirk.
Johnstone.
4,A. "Wylie,
"DvcKS" Aylesbury "\, 2, and Medal, J. Meiklem.
3, Z. H. Heys.
4, J.
"WaddelL
^71?/o(/(fr Fanc^T/." 1, J. "Waddell. 2,A. Eobertson.
3, J. "Meiklem.
4, G. F. Laing.
Selling
Class."
1, G. F. Laing. 2, J. Stevenson, Chapelhal]. 3, Gow
and
Walker.
4, J. "Wilson,Beith.

4,L. Douelas,

PIGFONS.
Pouters." E?ue or Black.~\
and 2, J. MiVer, Glasgow. S, G. F. Laing. Any
Varieti/."l and 2, J Miller. 3, E. E^birison.
E.
Blair, Johnstone.
Fantails."],
2, T. Imrie.
3,E. Eobinson.
Jacobins."
1,2, and 3, E. Eobinson.
TuMBiFEs."
Co7"7Hon."
1, E. Blair. 2, H. B. Marshall, Motherwell.
3, "W.

"

"

"

"

other

Dngmd

Motherwell.
Vaeiety."

Any

1, A. Johnstone.

other

2, E. Eobinson.

J. Green;
iJviiGES."FoiiJtn/
: Mr.
Aitken. Pigeons: Mr. J. Sharp.

CANTERBURY

(NEW
AND

Mr. J.

2, G. M'Adam.

G.

Judges.

Game

"

and

Game

Bantams:

Messrs.

Todd

"

Keese*

Dorhings.,Brahmas, and Polish : Messrs. T. Stapleton" W. Calvert*

and Oreve-Ca^ur : Messrs. T. M'illiams
Hamhurc/lis,
Spanish,Cochins.,
and A. Fraser.
Barndoors : Messrs. A. Fraser, T. Williams, " W.
Calvert.
Geese,and Diiclcs: Messrs. T. Williams,T. StapleTitrJcei/s,
Calvert.
Canaries:
: Messrs. Garrick
" Bennett.
Pif/cons
ton,"W.

POULTRY

ZEALAND)

CANARY

and Mr.

Hamilton;

Silver Cup, presented by Mr. James

Aggregate
Prizes.
"A
to the
Blake
winner
of prizes of the highest aggregate value in the poultry clashes, A.
A Silver Medal, presented by Messrs.
Fraber.
" Co. to the winner
of
Peterson
A
prizes of the hisheat aggregate value in tbe Pigeon classes, T. Williams.
to tbe winner
Silver Cup, presented by Mr. Sandi^tein
of priaes of the highest
aggregate value in the Canary classes, T. Siapleton.

SHOW.

I find
from annually
that progress is very
this Exhibition
visiting
visible as regards better exhibits and better arrangements. I am
a
strict horticulturist here, therefore I do not interfere much
with
in
of
the
t
o
such
matters, except
poultry
success
endeavouring promote

Messrs. R. D. Pirie " A. Clarke.

CHELTENHAM

CANARY

SHOW.

This
30th and December
1st.
We
must
held on November
was
provinceof Canterbury.I may, however, state
until next week ; but we can
state that,though no
defer our comments
(hat if the poultryshow
were
amalgamated with the
my impression
intimation
is givenas to who
the winner of the cup, the
is
official
the
exLibitinn
would
be
better
in
of
financial
view.
sbow,
a
dog
point
and that
return shows that Mr. Ashton is winner by two points,
blood is beingintroduced
I also find that new
but surely printed
very steadily
Mr. W. Walter
is second.
from
the
at a very great expense
amongst our poultry certainly
2
C/car
Yellow."
Winchester.
and
and
mother country especially
and
I
Norwich."
W.
3.
Bemrosc
in
Walter,
1,
feel
t
hat
the
pleasure
stating
;
" Atbersucb, Coventry;
" Orme
J.
he, Adams
Orme.
Bemrose
Derby,
; G."
for we
have had much
less
Judgesseem more
capablethan formerly,
" Wynne,
Mackley, Norwicli
(2); Moore
Nonhampton
c, E. Lul; W. Walter,
exhibition

an

in the

"

"

grumbling than

there used to be.

No doubt exhibitors take greatercare
" Wynne;
Clear Buff." 1 and
E. Mills, Sunderland,
ham, Prighton ; Moure
in the selection of their birds for competition,
2 and
" Orme.
W. Walter.
hr, G. " J. Majkley.
and I may
remark
3, Bemrose
they c, 'NoKwicn."
and
" Athersuch.
2, Barwell
Evenly-marked Yellojv."l, Adams
meet with more
from the Committee.
Better pi ns, as well as
civility
" Wynne,
he.
" Atbcrsuch
; Moore
Equal 3, Adams
Golby, Northampton.
better accommodation, have been provided,
in all respects
Bemrose
" Orme.
Lulbam.
ana
Evenly-marked
givingan apc, E
Biiff."l and 2, Bcmroso
pearance
" Athersuch;
Rloore
" "Wynne,
Orme.
of neatness and care.
Equal 3, Adams
he, S. Bunting,
Long may such an association prosper
Stroud.
junrg.,
Derby,
c, H. " J. Hollowav.
in a new
country is the hope of one who is now an old settlerin New
Yellow." 1,W. Walter.
r/c/ff.'dand Uncvenlu-marked
Norwich."
2, Bomrose
Zealand.
" Wynne.
" Preen,
" Chater.
he, Knocb
and Orme.
3, Smith
c, Moore
Ticked
and
S and
he,
Vnevenhj-marked
able to write a few words about Canaries,for I
2, W. Walter.
I am
Buff."l, J. Tui-ner.
when
in
was,

England, a breeder of them.

Show) the birds exhibited were
expectations.Tbey were
my
of Christchurch,and
vicinity

On
of

this occasion
an

excellence

(thefourth
which

annual

far exceeded
bred
in the

birds
nearly all young
in number
and quality
far superior
to
of
other
One
those
Mr. T. Sta])leton,
who was
a very
fancier,
years.
when
old breeder of Canaries
in England, beingafraid that some
one

would want

purchasehis

to

fixingits priceat

cage,
value

to himself

for

"11

best cock

13s.,and

breeding
purposes

bird,placeda
this he

this

that it is the best cock bird

fancier myself,
from head
As nearly as I can guess his length
I

highlypleasedthat

am

amongst
I

Our

Canary,now

birds.
to

us.

sorry to say

am

the

If

we

can

produceMules

and

that

birds

thus

our

the

Canary

card

against the

considered to be its full

spring.I
ever

seeu

admit, being a
in

Canterbury.

about 9 inches.
to tail was
is becoming naturalised

native

of them
are
birds,thoughsome
very pretty,
mostly songless.I will do my utmost to cause
of ourselves,
native
to fratei'nise with our
one
do nothing more,
T hope some
day we may be able
similar to the Goldfinch and Linnet Mules at home,
are

it is

woods

and

dells will resound

with

the

of
warblings

"

"

This aspiration
having the Nightingale's
song included.
presumptuous in your mind, but it may be realised some
may
Middlesbrough.
/(C,
day. Our native birds are very tame, the Canary we know all
1 and 2, Stephens
" Leok.
Grken."
3, G. Atkinson, Gateshead.
Clear
" Doyle, Nottingham.
Holmes
about, and what I have stated is not at all improbable. Canaries
/ic,K.
Vaiiiety"
3, W. Walter.
3, T. Mann,
Any
other
1, K. Stansfield.
thrive and do well here.
is a list of prizes awarded.
The following
MiddJesbrougb
c, T. Swaiue, Cheltenham.
Hawman,
W. S^SVALE,
Avonside Botanic Garden, Canterhunj,
New Zealand.
MULES.
"

those

" Orme.
Bemrose
" Wynne,
with
Clear
Crest." 1, Moore
Grey or Dark
Norwich.Ye/^oic,
he. J. Spence, Sunderland.
" Golby.
3. Barwell
2, G. Mortimer, London.
2, E. Lulbam.
Buff, with Clear Grey or Dark Crest." 1 and c, G. " J. Mackley.
8, S Tomes, Northampton.
NoKV/icn."
Variegated Crested Yellow.-l, Toon " Cleaver, Kettering. 2. S.
Crested
Moore
Vanegated
"Wvnnc.
Sand
c. G, " J. Mackley.
Tomes.
'ic,
3. G. " J. Mackley. he, Barwell
^,,,^"1,
w. Walter.
2, J. Mortimer, London.
and Golby.
c, J. Hurrell. SinHorhiud
; G. " J. Mackley.
Tirlcd
H. A-hton. Polefi"^ld liall,PrcsfcC/cor and
Yillow.-l,
Belgian."
2 and
d.
he. W. Needles, Hull,
c, S. Sjiinke,
wich.
3, J. Ilutter. ^-luuUrla'
Clear and
and he, 3. Kutter.
TiekcdBuff."\
2, J. N. Harrison,
Chippenham.
" Orme.
e, Bemrose
Belper. 3, J. Turner, Birmingham,
hc,T Dove,
2 andS, J.Rutter.
Belgian."
Yrllow.-^, T. Turner.
rflne"7a((rf
Sutton, Mansfield,
Variegated Buff, 1, S.Brown.
c, s, Eru,wn. Handswortb.
3. T. Dove,
he, J. Poole, Sutton-in-Asbficli.
2, J. N. Harrison.
Bradford.
Yellow
Manchester."
2, H.
h M. Holroyd, Great
Horton,
CoppY"
2,
he. W. Walter.
Buff Majichet:ter.~l, H. Ashton.
Ashton.
3, L. Belk
Stephens " Leek, Middlesbrough.
3, Fa\Ycett, Baildon, Loeds.
1 and H. Smith
" Preen, Coventry.
2, K. Ashton.
LiZAKD."
(To(rf''7i-"pa7j(;fed."
H.
sUvcr-spaugled.-'i,
he. Eev. V. Ward, Hvthe.
e, R. Eifchie. Darlington.
2 and 3. Smith
" Preen,
he, B. Ritchie,
Asliton.
c, W. Jtrram, tNottingham.
r('??0!('"1, C. Gnyton, Northampton.
3, Barwell
2, J. Hnriell.
Cinnamon."
and
" Wynne.
" Cleaver,
Buff."l. BarwcU
c, Mooro
and Guilty, he. Toon
3, S. Tomes,
c, E. Mills.
Golby. 2 and hr, J. Tear, Norlhampfon
2 and /iC,
P.M.
lV//o"'." I. J. Spence.
Cox a- Hillior.
Cinnamon."
Faru'f/n/(*rf
Variegated Buff."l and 8, L. Btlk.
2, M. Hoyi'oyd. he, It, Huwman,
Holroyd.

seem

"

"

Ga^e.
Black-breasted
Eed."l,
3, and Cup, presented by Mr. M'C.illum
also Cup, presented by Mr. G. Warner, A. Fraser.
he, W.
2, D. J. M'Calraon.
Jamea.
hrown-hreasted and Ginger ^crf." Cup presented by Mr. J. G. EuddenIlau, Ist,2nd, and Srd, A. Fraser, Duchwings."l and Cup, presented by the
"

Goldfinch
Bradford.

and

marked

Buff."l

Needles

; L.

field.
Yellow."
1,11.Ashtov,. 2, E. stansLnnly.
A Leek
c, h. Bclk.
he, M. Holroyd.
Kauai 8, W.
Newcastle.
J. Baxter.
2, H. Ashton.

CA^AHY.-Evenly-marked
3, Stephens
and

c.

Belk, Dewebury.

he,W. Smith,

JOUENAL

458

OP

HOETICULTURB

and
letter-press speaks of fowl-house
yard, of food,
"o., but as there is nothing new, no remark is
sitting,
the book
that all is well put together. Then
called for,save
proceedswith the breeds of fowls,Turkeys, Daeks, and Geese,
diseases.
It is emphaticallyand espewith a final chapter on
cially
a
pretty'- book, and well suited as a present to a lady ;
this
taste for poultrybefore she saw
and it the lady had no
and the pretty reading,and
pretty book, the prettypictures,
unless
I
the
turn
the prettyoutside, would,
greatlymistake,
Eectok.
lady into a poultry-fancier.Wiltshire
The

eggs,

AND

HEATING

SMALL

AVIARY.

turned to the number

of the Journal referred to in a
Subsckibeb"
on
the
for further information
letter from "A
scarcelyput
subjectof his query, as his last communication
in possessionof all the details. Of the merits or demerits
me
have I had any
of gas stoves and boilers I know nothing,nor
as
experience in the healing of aviaries,and, therefore,am
much
in the dark as "A Subscribeb"
himself on some
pointson
he seeks enlightenment. Bat
I can
which
replyconfidently
to the one
question,as to whether it will be safe to put a heating
the
the
of
in
aviaryoccupied by the
comparlment
apparatus
bustion
birds if a chimney be provided to carry oil the productsof comI

HAVE

"
"

Perfectlysafe,if that condition

be

[ December

7, 1871.

"

FOUL
I

BROOD.

been anxiouslywaiting for some

of your correspondents
B. " W."
relative to foul brood, but
takingthe hint of
the
think
I
to
of
snflicient
one
subject
interest,
appears

HAVE

"

as

no

that the disease is not very prevalent with your

I am
if the reverse
scientific readers.
the case
were
sure
we
should have no lack of very interesting
information.
I have
ten
kept bees about
years, have taken very gfreatinterest in
them, and, notwithstanding many losses from various causes,
until now, when the disease has
been disheartened
I have never

conclude

stock,destroyed three good hives,and how many

lake it is of course
impossiblefor me to say.
I sent yon a small piece of comb
in August, asking at the
and
advice
later I examined
time
same
; a month
your opinion
three
them
and
found
of
I immediately took
hives
suffering.
my
attacked my
it may

more

"

GABDENEB.

water is to correct any dryness of the atmosphere. The chimney

may be conveyed anywhere out of draughts. W. A. Blakston.

"

"

COTTAGE

complied with.

all the combs

away, and joined the three lots of bees together,
two, and placing the
capturing the three queens, destroying
I put
at the head.
The three lots combined
third,an Italian,
into a small cigar box, fitted with two pieces of perfectly
new
had contained
a
comb
from an old-fashioned straw hive which
than halt filled the
Bwarm
forty-eight
hours, and they no more
I then took the queen from another black stock which
box.
was
healthy,and placedthe box over the hole in the
perfectly

top ; the bees of the healthy hive ascended into the cigarbox,
All
out amongst the healthy combs.
and I then shook them
I
When
without
done
this was
losing a handful of bees.
examined the two piecesof comb above mentioned, I found one
full of honey, the other full of foul brood, the bees having
of the lorood had escaped
carried the disease with them ; some
and had matured
the infection,
{theyoung bees being drones
and this feature of the disease is,I think,
from worker
cells),
very peculiar.
I cannot
Of course
expect the hive which now contains the
bees to escape, but I intend making an inspection
earlyin the
spring,and if I find the disease,I shall have to take the combs
let the bees start life afresh.
it does not
the disease first makes
its appearance,
destroythe whole of the brood at once, but in each batch there
the
cells
that
remain
after
are
some
majority have
sealed,
until by degrees
hatched,and these sealed cells go on increasing,
The bees will not leave them, as a bird
the whole are closed.
when
will her young
they are dead, but will cling to the

away,

and

When

in the hive free

brood although there is other comb
is no unpleasant smell that I can
detect,
from taint. There
until long after the disease has spread through the combs ; and
that
the
itself
is
the
first
of
unlike
disease,
so
appearance
very
I recollect taking the trouble to pick the dead brood out of the
cells with a pin,thinkingthey were
merely chilled.
I do not think that
With regard to the cure of the disease,

diseased

tain
Aviary Gas Stove.
anything would be gained by retainingthe combs which conthe dead brood, even
supposing the infection could be
of heating,I do not see any
with regard to the method
in time and
destroyed,because it would cost the bees more
necessityfor a complicated or expensiveapparatus. A large
ing,
than it would for them, with liberal feedlabour to clean them
be heated by simply insertinga common
can
gas-burner
room
but
I
think
new
to make
something might be done
ones
;
in the mouth
of an
ordinary cast-iron rain-water pipe. "We
which are
and with that view I
the
combs
disinfect
to
empty,
The pipe must
be placed with the
call them
down-corners.
will make
one
have kept fifteen,and shall be very glad if some
lower end about a foot from the ground and inclined at an
T.,Highgatc, Middlesex.
suggestionfor the purpose.
angle of about 45",taking care that the heated air and products a
into some
ceptacle
reare
of combuslion
conveyed outside the room
I send a pieceof comb taken out of a strongsloolf.
Herewith
not exposed to draughts, as any down-draughts will
The stock is in a twenty-frame Woodbury hive, and was
very
I have
unpleasant results.
extinguish the light and cause
I could only rob them of about 6 or
full of bees all the season.
office heated in this way
by a single burner
seen
a roomy
had in this
to the poor season
have
of
lbs.
8
owing
we
honey
(and a small burner too)attached to a pipe with a twist-aboutThe piece of comb
I suspect to be foutjoint,and heated so rapidly that the gas, though county (Cheehire).
every-way
and if this is
for four seasons,
broody. I have had bees now
to be reduced to a pressure so
turned on full at first,had soon
I first perI never
have seen
brood
foul
brood
before.
foul
ceived
Blight that it was difficult to imagine so small a flgme could
was
it last spring in an Italian hive.
The
an
queen
produce such results. The littlegas stove of my Canary room
in emitted
twelve months
she came
one
the
box
ago
imported
;
sheet-iron
A
contrivance.
is an
adaptation of the same
smell not to be tolerated in the house,
a strong and
disagreeable
cylinder,about 2 feet high and 5 or 6 inches in diameter,
the box in
and I put it and the comb into the fire. I washed
perforatedwith four large holes at the bottom to admit of a
with combs
All my
stocks except one
are
waters.
several
a
of the room
over
continued supply of air,stands in a corner
Two
stocks have dwindled entirely
similar to the piece sent.
common
bat's-wingburner fastened on the floor. A stout tin
They do not smell so badly,but have not the fine aroma
away.
and
chimney is inserted on one side of the top of the cylinder,
John
Eobinson.
of a healthy stock.
continued
the room
across
to the oppositewall,through which
it passes into an
[The comb sent for inspectionexhibits undoubted signs of
empty space under the roof of my house,
No doubt the
This is all being badly affected with virulent foul brood.
where all noxious
fumes are

And

"

"

effectually
dispersed.
well,is quick in its
panying
action,and can be regulatedto a nicety. Try it. The accomis a sketch of my
in parvo." The basin of
multum
the

apparatus I have, and it does its work

"

infection
condition

Although

introduced into your apiary from the foul-broody

which
accompaniedyour Italian queen.
as
burnt the comb as soon
you
you very jadiciously

was

of the comb

December

JODBS[A.L

7, 1871. ]

OP

HORTtCULTURB

AND

COTfAGE

459

GARDETOR.

trouble of driving,so that on the whole my tripto the heather

the qneen
and her bees must
satisfactory.
carried the infection with them into the receptacleprepared was
have had access
to
Your
other pieces must
Taking the whole year I find the generalresults to be good,
for them.
I have had
for
I
have sold a few swarms
and given one
away.
the contents of this and of the other diseased stocks that have
about
125 lbs. of honey, maintained
a unioomb
hive, and at
We have littlefaith in any remedial measures,
dwindled away.
tion
this date (November 27th)have fourteen very strong stocks,
at this time of the year, short of absolute destrucparticularly
nearly all of which have had one or two stocks of bees added,
of the bees,combs, and hives,or, if not of the hives, at
and plenty of stores to last till spring.
least of all the bars and frames which may have been used by
first-rate for
I do not consider this district by any means
valuable to be
any much-affected colony. The hives, if too
keepers
with
out
be
scalded
water,
scraped
bees,and with almost the singleexceptionof myself,the beeboiling
m
ust
sacrificed,
of our neighbourhood are content to do thingsin the old
centrated
"!lean in every part or crevice,and well saturated with a conoccurs
an
unusually good season
solution of chloride of lime.
way, taking a hive or two when
of attention in
for the
and losing stock after stock through the want
It you do not like to proceed to such extreme measures
state
better
a
in
of
am
wait
autumn.
I
dreadful
can
this
inducing
hopes,
however,
malady, you
purpose of "stamping out"
that I can
hear of has taken
of things in time, as no one
any
until April,keeping your stocks as strong as possibleby judicious
feedingit necessary until that time ; then drive the bees out honey about here,and my results will set them thinking a little,
straw skeps or plain boxes are best
into empty hives
joining I imagine.
some
Talking of results compels me to allude to the case of an old
food, and in
two or three stocks together. Give them
He commenced
I took my bees.
into
frame
them
clean
transfer
of
few
hives, cottageron the hill to whom
the
a
its diseased state,yet
perceived
have

"

"

days
course
burning any comb that may
and taking care to scald out

been built in the interior, the year with three stocks,which had increased in September to
They all weighed
treat with chloride of lime the
thirteen,nine of which I drove for him.
You will then
hives or boxes used for their temporary homes.
well,so that he did wonderfully;but had he not lived in a good
his
of
all
were
mostly
heather
district
as
the
is
they
advanced
until
course
swarms,
season
sufficiently
requireto feed liberally
have done
have come
to grief,
and so would
late ones, would
for the bees to take ample care of themselves.
Bkouohton
of good. William
harm
instead
Oakr, Higher
of these infected
to this plan is,that some
The chief objection
hives you
have now
perish during the winter or early Bebington.
may
spring,when they will be visited by hosts of robbers both from
ease
and neighbours'apiaries,
thereby spreading the disyour own
have

and

"

objectionis, that after all your

of the expatriatedcolonies may
convey
of honey
traces of the malady with them, either by means
gome
with which
prior to their
they may have filled themselves
sxoduB, or from actual contact with the disease,so that you
far and
trouble one

wide.

or

OUR

Another

more

Oakham

Bantams,

LETTER

"
I obtained the second
Show.
best two hens or pullets."Joseph
"

BOX.

prize in the class for Game

Oldfield, Bradford, York-

ahire.^'

Alive
Catching
Wild
Pigeons
(Columha). We know of no plan of
plagued with Wood
doins this ; there is,indeed, an old story of a man
of stout brown
paper, put some
Pigeons, who made small sugarloaf cones
bird-lime inside,and some
grains of corn at the point of the cone, and the
so
became
caught.
birds trying to get at the corn
hoodwinked, and were
tried the plan.
We never
Class
Dorkings
Dorkings may and
a General
in
(Surrcyl." Cuckoo
should be entered in a general Dorking class.
They are as pure as any
parts of Surrey. You can enter in
others, and are much prized in some
In a list where
the Variety class any breed that hasjno class of its own.
must
be
of any
other variety, Bantams
there is a class for Bantams
no
such class they would
entered in it. If there were
go in the "Any
other
variety."
firm
but
few
a
had
established
footing,
apiary after it
very
House
Eoost
Porifying
Chickens"
(K.E. S.).
Milk
Fattening
for
apiarianswould, like him, have the requisitetime and leisure "Milk
water
for fattening fowls. Your fowl house should
is better than
take
be disposed to underat their disposal,
is
or, if they had, would
door
See
the
that
if
fed.
kept
fowls are properly
not smell
open
your
ventilate it by removing bricks or boards immediately under
the very considerable trouble that the experiment would
all day. and
that the draught
and
be carried
the roof,that all vitiated air may
away,
involve.]
floor
will
on
the
Lime
slaked
sweeten,
be above the roosting birds.
may
but it should not be required in a well-kept house.
Tail
Cock's
CHESHIRE.
Hamburgh
BEE-KEEPING
IN
(J. W. W.). The entire
Silver-pencilled
the
cock should be black, save
tail of the
Silvei-pencilledHamburgh
of your bee-keepbeen somewhat
I HAVE
ing
surprisedthat none
silveringor edging of the sickle feathers.
readers have found time to give their experienceof the past
Breed
Old
Scotch
(X. r.)." The old Scotch
Scotch
Greys, or
what
They are someI
parts of Scotland.
the friendly"provocative" of "B."W."
Greys are the barndoor fowls of some
so actingon
season,
smaller in size and
of England, but they are
akin to tbe Uuckoo
forward an account of my doings for 1871.
in England,
bone, and lack the fifth claw.
They are littlekept or known
o
ne
with
eleven
through but are useful,hardy birds.
stocks,
having perished
May found me
Of these, three were
in Woodbury hives, the
loss of queen.
have never
Fattening
Chickens
Eggs"
Scarcity
of
(fi.G.) "Eggs
The
Your
time ago.
fowls do not fatten
as
some
been so scarce
rest in straw hives as described by me
they have been this year.
because they have too much
liberty. Shut them up in a small coop in a
spring up to this time had been rather backward, cold winds
night
dark warm
place, and they will then not only put on flesh,but in a fortbut after May 3rd things looked brighter,
and wet prevailing,
for any useful purpose.
They must not
they will fatten sufficiently
and I observed
honey glisteningin the cells. On May 14th
have food by them, but they must he fed three times per day.
drones were
visible,and breeding going on very fast. On the
Bantam
Plumage
Black
Red
Game
{Far West)."hTiy tinge of brown
or
wise,
otherin the tail of a Game
the breast, or of whte
cock, Bantam
on
took
to their boxes
16th I supered several,which
at once.
in a class for Black-breasted
if shown
is fatal to any hope of success
Towards the end of the month
nearly all my stocks showed
breast
must
be
the
in
a
class
such
Reds.
As
the description implies,
symptoms of swarming, though I did all I could to prevent it.
black, and it is not so if there are brown feathers in it. If there be any
June was a most annoying month, though honey was plentiful, difference in the colour of the legs you have no chance ; unless the leg
hens
of the three
If then, only one
match
hope of success.
you have no
for the littlerascals had made
after
up their minds, and swarm
A slim body
colour as the cock's,you must show her.
has legs tbe same
issued from supered hives,though theyhad ample room
swarm
If it is
advantase.
an
is preferable,and
a
large comb is by no means
with wings well clipped up
and had
stored a tolerable quantityof honey in the supers, so
possible to fulfil these conditions,join them
Black-breasted
If the class is for
to the body, and
with hard feathers.
that by the middle
of July I had
fourteen
and the
swarms,
must
show
in
show the cock in it ; if not, you
and other Reds," you may
almost over.
It generally ends with us
about
honey season
matter
at
The white downy feathers do not much
Reds.
Brown-breasted
that the honey in the supers,
the 20th of July. I found
of the tail feathers have white in
the insertion of the tail; hut if any
all removed, did not exceed 80 lbs. ; and as I had
them, it is a disqualification.
which were
not friendly to any of
are
Food
Seasoning
Fowls'
{C. M. S.)."We
idea of givinga hundredweight or two of syrup to make
no
a
our
Good plain feeding has always answered
purpose.
these condiments.
lot of weak stocks carry through the winter,I resolved to make
belief
is" that
have
tried experiments, and our
As in duty bound, we
blooming finelyon the spices are injurious. Pullets well fed with good food will lay at this
my first tripto the heather,which was
Whatever
forces laying injures the
ranks of the Dee, six miles away.
of year if they are old enough.
time
It is with fowls as with
diseases.
of many
fowl and lays the foundation
On August 5th I took eleven of the lightest
a
hives,including
The
most
out.
human
you wear
beings" the faster you live the sooner
double
in one
of Mr. Pettigrew's16-inch hives,which
swarm
usef al food for hard weather is table and kitchen scraps, and in very hard
issued at the end of June and had done littleor nothing up to weather, with snow on the ground, a little strong beer mixed with their
I got them down very nicely,and for a month
that time.
they food is often beneficial.
Stock
Selection
of
(Idem)." To breed prize birds, select the parents
did capitally.I brought them home on September 16th in fine
their entrance
hatch early (say March), and feed well from
condition (thePettigrewhive weighed 50 lbs.),
the average being carefully,
is
into life. Never
let them
go back ; a chicken that has been checked
38 lbs. I obtained
bees for the
nine stocks of condemned
seldom
a prizetaker in after-life.
"

find that yon will have taken all your trouble to no

pose.
purmay
to have to go thoroughly
It seems
a very hard
measure
to the root of the evil and utterlydestroyeverythingthat has
that
in contact with this disease ; but we are
quite sure
come
it is the soundest and safest policyin the end, unless the beeand
time and leisure for constant
master has most abundant
bury
unremitting attention and supervision.The late Mr. Woodcertainlydid succeed in eradicatingfoul brood from his

"

"

OF

JOURNAL

460

FowLS
IN
{L. TT. B)."
DiAEEHCEA
oats slaked with milk, and add iooie
with
road
grit.
plentifully

Chanpte

your

chalk

pounded

EOETICULTUBE

Give ground
food.
to it. Supply them

a good grass run,

and
regularly on
to have
kitchen
advantage for growing cocks
is to feed
secret
and
of
birds,
large
rearing
strong
great
scraps.
them as well as possible from the first.
cocks,
Moulting
Slowly
(X. Y. Z.)." What
HouDANs
age are yonr
and how are
they fed ? Tbe cock is longer than the hen in getting the
The
the slower tbe progress.
new
plumage, and the older they are
We
know
nothing you can do,
reparative process is slower and weaker.
a feverish state
except to avoid heating and stimulating foods ; they cause
die away
and
nutriment,
of body, and the feathers, lackicg moisture
intended
to take
were
never
instead of growing into maturity. Fowls
injure their constitutions when they are young, and
physic ; thty seldom

oats.
The

It is

an

When
fowls
are.
than we
of these matters
manager
a
right
are
properly judged, those who officiate should be able to make
award, though the plumage should not be mature.
the breed of your
Feathees
Pencilled
[Amateur)." You do not name
We prefer the
from
the feathers they are Brahmas.
fowls. We presume
her
the hen ; but we like neither her long back nor
feather No. 2 from
If you want
we
a positive answer,
crooked breast.
should, in spite of her
Either alter
cock.
faults,put her, being two years old, with the young
do so well as when
they
them, but fowls never
your perches or remove
Nature

is

better

7, 1871.

[ December

GAEDENER.

the Geese and Turkeys

are
potato-fed. They are deficient in meat, and they
Discontinue
the Potatoes.
Substitute good barley meal
Indian corn
for them.
or
HouDANS
(J. H )." You will do well to examine the list of Birmingham
for an
first question. Your
winners in our last number
to your
answer
should not
that we fancy, because sitters and non-sitters
is not one
crobs
hen.
cock to the HouJan
be put together. We should put the Brahma
Poultey
such
Cheonicle"
Company
Poultry
(S. G-refnu-ood). No
"
other serial devoted to poultry is pubiisbed in England.
nor
Cbrouicle"
total failure.
mention
The work you
is to be pubwas
a
The Company
lished
in parts commencing
with the nest year.
Edinburgh
Show
at
{M. G. IF.)."There are several societies there ;
believe all right.
we
Taking
Supees
in November
(H.). The objection to taking off supers
all the honey
is that the bees are apt to take down
so late as you mention
often they will rifle and spoil the sealed
which is not sealed over, and
will be
in the spring.
In either case
honey harvest
honeycomb
your
low
Of course
it may
diminished.
happen that they are so well supplied beIn this case
the honey in the supers.
as not to be tempted to touch
of the bee- owner.
will be at the service
the entire honey harvest above
to allow the bees to
We prefer to plunder in July, for another reason"
store up
below for their own
use
as
much
of the later honey as possible,
which is apt to be thin and poor.
stillmakes
we
get from

have

Aiding
Moulting
(Lemon EufT)." If your fowls have
all they require to promote gi-owth is to be fed well

ground

COTTAGE

AND

littlefat,but loses flesh daily. All

Ireland

fat livers.

"

"

METEOROLOGICAL

perch.
Turkeys
Live and
Teussed
(T. I. C)."
of
A lean
of the bird.
the condition and fatness
in the trussing than a fat one
more
; but as an
afterwards
bird
and
a
alive
and
it
that
weighed
full,
put
average
you may
and trussed,will be found to have lost a fourth,
times
and someweighed drawn
of the weight.
a third
"Your
hen is cross-bred, and
Light
Brahmas
Darker
(Ignoramus).
to breed from
her at all if you wish for pure birds ;
"we do not advise you
not which
coloured
cock
but if you are careless of feather,it matters
you
cock
should have dark flights,dark tail,
put her to. A Light Brahma
nearest to this
striped hackle and saddle. Select the bird that comes
Compaeatite
Weights
Much
would depend on
lose much
bird would

OBSERVATIONS.

Camden
Square, London.
N. ; Long. 0" 8' 0" W. ; Altitude 111 feet.

51" 32' 40"

Lat.

description
Game
Undubbed
Game
Cock
cock, whether
(TT. H.). An undubbed
Bantam
otherwise, is disqualified.
or
Plumage
and
Ducks
drnkes should be
Rouen
Duck's
{O. A.). Rnuen
and
Ducks
the exact representations of Wild
Mallnrds, differingonly in
should be admitted.
size. No deviation,however
trifling,
Golden-pencilled
Hamburgh's
Plumage
(Id^in)."The richer and
the better they are;
fuller the colour of Golden-pencilled Hamburgba,
the " washed-out"
akin to a dirtybufi'isinadmissible,
plumage that seems
but no richness
of colour can be allowed to palliatea bad comb or mossy
"

"

plumage.
Laying
Winter
Pdllets
for
(Id^m)." Laying in the winter depends
The
best breeds
do not lay in the wintf-r
the ftge of pullets. Hens
on
and
Cochins.
Hatched
in
we
know for winter
laying are the Brahmas
and December.
March
or
April,they naturally begin to lay in November
Lightee
Hambueghs
Golden-spangled
(Hamb-urgh). It is by no
to moult
uncommon
an
means
thing for old Hamburghs
pale feathers,
to ehow
white spots in various
and even
parts of the body. You do not
is by no
The production of feathers out of season
means
state their age.
colour
it
favourable to colour or strength: thus in any bird,of whatever
edly,
may be. if you will pull out a patch of feathers on a certain spot repeatfor it in
white; but that will not account
they will at last come
All
there destroyed at the natural season.
your case, tbe plumage was
broken
plumage. It may be
breeding hens at that period have the same
condition.
We
do not believe
attributed partly to its brittle and worn-out
would help you in the way of plumage.
the separation of the sexes
Poland
Plumage
Golden-spangled
(H.). The feather you enclose
It is laced.
In the
from a Spangled bird.
is not such as should come
have disqualified,now
earlier days of exhibitions such feathers would
they take prizes. Such marking is objectionable; if you can, replace it
with
spnngles. A bay tail tipped with black is a very serious fault in a
oock.
Golden-spangled Hamburgh
One
is
Fowls
There are two treatments.
Scurfy
legged
{.i4ma(eur)."
to keep the legs constantly wetted with oil,the other to rub sulphur
ointment
the projecting
in very frequently, and to introduce it between
of late years.
scales with a feather.
This disease has only been known
Malays'
Legs
(E. M.). There are very good Malays with white legs.
Treat
Your fowl has incipientroup.
either with Bailj'a pills,
or try bread
and ale for food, and doses of camphor, two pillseach the size of a garden
for
a dose
relief
is
twelve
hours
until
visible.
every
pea
Weight
of
Bantams
(An Old Subscriber)."The
original weight of
birds
was
these
limited to 17 ozs. for the cock, 14 ozs.
for the hen.
Recent decisions have allowed an
increase, and in the present day the
each
Till
than
that allowance.
more
Sebrights weigh at least 3 ozs.
within
the last ten years no Bantams
ever
were
weighed but Sebrights.
outnumber
now
them
Black, White, and Game
greatly, and they also
far closer to the limits of weight.
come
Cockerel
afraid
are
Cochin
Paralysed
cannot
{Mrs. B.). We
we
If the paralysis arise from
an
injury in the back,
point out any cure.
which is very possible,he will speedily recover, but if it be crnmp
te will
not.
We know nothing better than to give him a table-spoonful of castor
oil every other day. and to give each night two pillsof camphor
the size
We have, however, small hope.
of a garden pea.
Bantams
Defective
Game
is never
safe to breed
(W. Powell). ~li
A defect
is always hereditary, and none
from a faulty bird.
more
tainly
certhan
so
a wry
tail or a hump back.
Bantam
Cataeehed
Discontinue
the fire in the fowl
(Oaync Ba?i(aT7i)."
house ; and if it has stone,brick, or wooden
it 6 inches
deep
floor,cover
the pepper
and
substitute
in gravel or roid grit. You may
discontinue
bread
and ale for barley at the midday meal.
This is only necessome
sary
while they appear
out of health.
Geey
Egos
Hen
tion
in
Dead
(M. H.)." The grey-coloured eggs you menare
in old hens, but not in binia of the age you mention.
very common
All you ccmplain of may
be safely set down
to Potato-feeding. It makes
nteroal
fat to such an extent
it impedes the due action of the difi'erent
of a pale
oirgins. Thus, the liver,instead of being very dark, becomes
buff cijlour,a fat liver,the celebrated " Foie
no
gras ;" the gall bladder
longer pt-rformB its functions,but disperses its contents at random.
All
the inbide becomes
The patient
yellow. Jaundice is the next eymptom.

REMARKS.
fine day, sometimes
frost in morning;
very bright, clear
a few
drops of rain at lu.30 p.m.
and more
30th.
Fine
morning, becoming more
damp, till noon, rain the
of day and night. Strong wind
at night.
rem"inder
1st. Very fine till noon, then alternatelyfine and cloudy, clear evening
29th,

White

"

evening,

"

"

"

"

"

"

and

2nd.
3rd.
4th.

"

"

"

night.

Beautiful morning, and tillearly afternoon, then rathpr dull.

either in the night or early morning, fine but frosty
little snow,
all day.
White frost in morning, fine but frosty all day, a few snow
crystals

at 11.30 A.M.
frost in

early morning, beautifully bright till 2 3D, then

thick,slightfall of sleet at 8 p.m., but not

5th." White

getting rather

dull and

measurable

quantity.

which
The dry cold weather
prevailed during November
continues,
becomes
remarkable.
The total fall of rain in Novemand by its duration
ber
Gale on north-east coast on the
(0.61)
inch) was
unusually small.
SOth." G. J. Symons.
night of November
GARDEN

COVENT
Maekets

very

quiet, and

effect upon

having any
goods have gone
better prices.

over

MARKET."

December

6.

alteration worth
notice,the frost not yet
supply. A considerable
quantity of rough
to-day for another
market, in the expectation of
no

the

fruit.
8. d.
2 Oto4
doz.
0
Apricots
lb. 0
Cherries
bushel
10
ChestnxttB
CiuTants
i sieve
Black
do.
doz.
0
Figs
Filberts
lb. 0
lb. 0
Cobs
lb. 2
Grapes, Hothouse...

Apples

i sieve

"

Gooseberries
Lemons
Melons

quart
^100
each

Mulberries
Nectarines

lb.
doz.

Oranges

^100
doz.

doz.

dessert

doz.
2
lb. 3
0
i sieve
lb. G
lb. 0
0
doz.
bBshel
10
qplOO 1

Pine Apples
Plums

Kaspberries
Strjiwberriea

d. fl.
OtoO
0

Pears, kitchen

ditto

Peaciiea

Quinces
Walnuts

0
8

0
0

25

VEGETABLES.
8.

Artichokes
Asparagus
Beans, Kidney

doz.

If^-lOO.8

0
bushel
0
1
doz.
bundle
BroccoU
0
Brussels
Sprouts..i sieve 2
doz.
1
Cabbage
Ti*'ltt01
Capt-icuma
bunch
0
Carrots
doz.
Cauliflower
8
bundle
1
Celery
doz. bunches
2
Culeworts..
each
0
Cucumbers
0
doz.
pickling
2
doz.
Endive
bunch
0
Fennel
lb. 0
Garlic
bunch
0
Ht-rbs
S
bundle
HorseradlBh
Broad

Beet,Red

i sieve

OtoO
0 12
0
0
0
0
0
S
6
1
0
3
0
6
6
0
6
0
6
0
0

Leeks
Lettuce
Mushrooms
Mustard
Oriiona

hunch
doz.

pottle
.punnet

" Creas.

bushel

pickling

quart
eii^vo
doz.

Parsley
Parsnips
Peas
Pctatoes

quiirt

Kidaey
Radishes.,
Rhubarb

Savoys
Sea-uale
Shalb-ts

doz.

bushel
do.
bunches
bj iidie
doz.
basket
...lb.
bushel

Spinach

8
8

Tomatoes

Vegetable Morrows.

Turnips

doz.

buuoh

.doz.

d.
s.
8 too
2

d
6
0
0

SMALL

OP

JOURNAL

14, 1871.]

December

THEY

HOW

FARMS"

CAN

HOKTICDLTURE

BE

AND

GARDENER.

COTTAGE

ICl

MADE

varieties of Plum will fillthem soonest,

consider is.What
?
and bring the best return to the planter
in
be answered
differently
Now, this questionwUl
and
Hev, Wtt.t.tam Lea, Vicar of St, Peter^s,
Droitwich,
.ffy
it will be the Prune Damson,
different districts. In some
Son. Canon of Worcester.
other varietywhich has proved itself most
in others some
to the soil ; but wherever the soil is strongand
We
T\'ill
LUMS.
now
pass on to the larger congenial
able
should form a considerretentive the Pershore Egg Plum
from bushes to trees,such as
lands of fruits,
It is the hardiest of all
Plums, Apples,Pears, and Cherries, and I
portionof every plantation.
Plums, the surest cropper, and the wood is tough,and the
put Plums first of all in my Ust, because
weightof fruit without
they produce a much earlier return than the branches will bear an enormous
others ; indeed, so much so that it would pay
breaking. It is said to be a short-lived tree ; but I know
tenant
to plantthem
a
a
on
fourteen-yearstrees in full vigour which have been plantedat least a
lease,whereas the others if XJlautedon the quarterof a century. It brings a lower price than other
provement,
Plums, but I think, in the long run, it will pay better than
usual orchard stocks,are
landlord's ima
poses
and'in most cases are plantedfor any other on the average. In fact Plums for market purthe benefit of the next generation. The Apple,Pear, and
be divided into two classes" yellow or Egg
may
most
years are
Cherry,on the usual orchard permanent stocks, do not Plums and coloured Plums ; the latter in
Among
become
tUl they are
twelve or fifteen worth nearly double the priceof the former.
sensiblyprofitable
Prince
the
Victoria,
the
the best are
years old ; whereas the Plum wUl producea good return after coloured Plums
Black
Diamond,
Belgian.
Pond's Seedling,the
six or seven
sorts even
earlier than tliis.
Englebert,
years, and some
The most profitable
of planting Plums will be to Purple, Kirke's Plum, Cox's Emperor, commonly called
way
put them in togetherwith Cm-rants or Gooseberries at Jemmy Moor, Prince of Wales, Cluster Damson, MitchelThe Victoria is
intervals of 24 feet,
son's Damson, and the Belle de Louvain.
which will take seventy-five
trees to
ANSWER."

TO

No.

3.

'

"

cropper, always
a bright,
intervals of 12 feet,
which will take
large,pink Plum, an enormous
in demand, good for eatingor cooking,still better, I am
When
the Gooseberries or Currants
but it has one most
which will be in fifteen or twenty years,
are
told,for bottlingfor use in the spring,
wearing-out,
the wood is extremelybrittle,and my
the Plums
will have covered the ground, and will bring serious drawback
an
ample profit.I find that trees of the Pershore Egg trees break every year under the weight of fruit. This,
Plum, which I plantedin 1865, have this jear produced on
perhaps,may be in part owing to their being what is'
standards for orchards," and if I were
termed
the average 30 lbs. weight of fruit each, which, at the rate
technically
of 5s. per pot of 90 lbs.,
to beginagainI would have nothing but "half- standards
is a return of Is. 8d. each tree. The
mention of tins XDotreminds me that in the midland counties
graftedabout 3^ feet from the ground,and then I should
strongenough to
all fruits and vegetables
sold wholesale by the prune back tillthe lower branches were
are
pot,"as it is called. A pot is an oblongbasket with a support the fruit. But notwithstandingthis disadvantage,
for
handle at each end, and without a lid. All the pots have
the Victoria should have a place in every plantation
I once
saw
long lines of
these pointsin common,
and beingin such universal use, its beautyand productiveness.
this Plum
would have supposed that they would have a stUl more
one
alternatingwith Pond's Seedling;they were
shone on their large pinkfruit
I mean
definite both ripe,and as the sun
a fixed and
important point in common
capacity; but this is not the case, there are pots and pots. which hung the size of eggs from the boughs,I thought
beautiful sight.The old Greek sailors
This was one of the first lessons I learnt in farming; I never
a more
saw
never
asked by the maker
on
imagined anythingfiner in the gardens of the
going to buy some
pots I was
whether
I wanted buyers'pots or sellers' pots, and on
Hesperides.
of being an uncertain
the difference,
Pond's Seedlinghas the reputation
I was
informed that buyers'pots
inquiring
it always bears freely,and
were
and
sellers'
smaller
and
that
largerpots,
pots
pots,
cropper, but with me
there was
a difference of nearlya peck,or one-fifth,
between
produces finer fruit than any of the thirty sorts I have
is tough,and wUl bear a
them ; and the different capacities
of pots are
well in my plantation
so
; its wood, too,
known, that a remedy has been invented which is almost
large crop without breaking. Prince Englebertis an
The
abundant
and an
bad as the disease. A certain conventional weight is excellent black Plum,
cropper.
as
these qualifications,
Diamond
of fruit or vegetable
requiredfor a pot of every variety
possesses the last of
; Black
abomination. Rivers's
and if these weights were
the same
in different districts,but after all it is a monstrous
and
variety,
there would only be the trouble of keepingthe different Early Prolific is in some
places a profitable
But this is not the case
the bemg the first in the market usuallyrealises a highprice
weightsin one's head.
as I
weightsvary in different partsjustas much as pots do ; a to the grower, but I cannot speak much of it myself,
from
pot of Potatoes is 95 lbs. in one place,while twenty miles have been unfortunate in my trees. The nurseryman
what I believe to be
sent them
on
I bought them
whom
more
away it is only 80 lbs. A pot of Plums varies even
than this in one part it is 90 lbs in another 72 lbs. The
Almond
stocks,and the result is that they have not made
true remedy would be to buy and sell
by
growth in the six years, and I am now about to root
the acre,
300

or

at

even

trees to the

acre.

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

everything weight, any

of these
irrespective
district. So

much

fictitiousmeasures,
which vary in every
for pots. The
questionwe have to

Uo. 669." Voi. XXI., New

Series.

them up and burn them.

This and other like

in buying
experiences
No. 1211." Vol.

XL

trees

VI.,Old

lead

Seiieb.

JOURNAL

462

OF

HOETICULTURE

AND

COTTAGE

QABDENEK.

[ December

14, 1871.

above.
The pinnae,and indeed the whole fronds,
this recommended
to ofier a word of advice to intending planters on
for a lady'shair.
1 know nothing more
disappointingwhen a plantation form charming ornaments
head.
This differs from the previous-named plant in
into bearing
A. SCABEDM.
has been made, than to find when your trees come
its largerpinnules and somewhat
robust growth, as well
has sent
more
at the end of three or four years, that the nurseryman
both the
in the farinose substance,which is scattered over
as
It has been my
to name.
them on bad stocks,or sorts untrue
white
and
under
instead of golden
be
occasions.
of
this
the
several
on
to
a waxy
side,being
case
to find
misfortune
upper
and
colour.
It is an exceedinglyprettyplant,a native of Chili,
and
I began, I ordered trees from several nurserymen,
When
succeeds best grown
in a cool house as before described.
As
disgust,that what
after waiting some
years I found, to my
mentioned
the
are
cases
nothing far as I am aware, it and the previously
ought to have been choice Pears,are in some
and Plums
in like manner
untrue to
only two speciesknown to be adorned in this manner.
better than perry fruit,
I should therefore recommend
purchasersto visit the
name.
CHEILAKTHES.
in
the
a
nd
select
for
themselves.
trees are
fruit,
nurseries when
This genus, taken as a whole, contains more
beautiful
really
the
enemies
the
of
it
mentioned
have
I
Gooseberry,
As
may
plantsthan any other with which I am acquainted.They are
The
be as well to say a few words on the enemies of the Plum.
however, not generallywell grown ; in fact,they are usually
blackbird as usual is very mischievous, and in August and
stewed to death in hot moist stoves, while they mostly require
September the wasps and hornets are troublesome ; but the a somewhat cool house.
They enjoy moisture, but, like all the
is the grub of the Cheimatobia
most destructive of all enemies
plantstreated under the heading of this article,they will not
Moth.
This
moth
makes
its
Winter
appearance
brnmata, or
suffer watering overhead with impunity. There are several
the trees till the
about the end of October,and continues on
speciesremarkable for the gold and silver coveringof the under
The male is a small-wingedmoth, the female
end of the year.
sides of the fronds,and most of them
furnished with a
are
not unlike a bug, but longer in the leg
a winglessabomination,
dense covering of scales on
To grow them
the under
side.
about two hundred
and lighterin colour. She layS"
eggs, either
with
and
of
an equal quanuse a compost
successfully,
sand,
tity
peat
or
Pear, or in the cracks of the
round the buds of the Plum
of sandstone, some
of which should be broken
fine,and
hatched
in
and
small
are
April,
a
bark. These eggs
caterpillarthe remainder
disposed in pieces about the size of a walnut
appears which eats its way into the centre of the opening bud, throughout the soil and upon the surface.
Many of the species
and destroysall prospectof fruit. By the end of May it is fall should be
elevated above the rim of the pot. Those
slightly
down by a thread to the ground and
grown, and then lets itself
I
shall
refer to in this place are
species
a
chrysalis. In
buries itself in the soil,where it becomes
C. AKGENTEA,
known
also in some
gardens as Pteeis akOctober,when it emerges
this state it remains till the end
but
whatever
it is recognised,it cannot fail
name
by
GENTEA,
state.
again in its winged
admired.
This exquisitelittle plant seldom
to be universally
and many
This grub is the Plum-grower's greatestenemy,
exceeds C or 8 inches in height. The fronds are triangularin
its destruction,
for
t
he
been
most
attempted
have
cessful
sucplans
shape,tripartite,
brightgreen on the upper side,whilst below
being the encouragement of small birds,and if they were
they are clothed with a pure white powder, to which the black
I question it anything further would
abundant
"sufficiently
stalks
marginal sori afford a beautiful contrast; and the jetblack foottrees from the neighbourhood
be required.In 18G5 I bought some
also add materiallyto the general eleganceof the plant.
which
of
is
the
Vale
of
the
Evesham,
of
head-quarters
It is a native cf Siberia,and I have received specimens also
coveredfrom
I disthis Winter Molh, and on txamiaing them in December
Japan. These latter,
however, apjear to be rather more
moths
with them, for I caught robust in
that I had bought some
growth.
ten female Cheimatobias one morning, but since that year I have
C. EoEsiGiANA.
this resembles the
In general appearance
I conclude that the small
a specimenof them, and
seen
never
the fronds are larger,and the under
preceding,but it is taller,
have
completely extirpated
them, side is clothed with a dense coveringof pale golden yellow. It
birds,which are plentiful,
artificial moans
be
must
but where they are not so abundant
is one of the most
although
beautiful littleFerns in cultivation,
turn out at night
adopted. The fruit-farmers and their men
through bad treatment it has obtained the character of being
by hundreds
in November, with lanthorns, and kill the moths
Peru.
extremely difficultto cultivate. It is a native of
Hundreds
of the females are
more
the stems of the trees.
"on
C. FAKiNOSA.
A noble-growingplant,yet so seldom does it
"aught, as they climb the trees,in a mixture of tar and grease, receive suitable treatment that I have heard it condemned as
are
and
in
instances
it
is
smeared,
some
with which the stems
worthless. When
well grown it attains a height of from 18 to
found necessary to pick the trees and destroy the caterpillars24 inches. The fronds are somewhat
triangularin a young
troublesome
means
are
these
and
all
but
expensive,
hand
by
;
as
state,becoming bipinnatifid
they increase in size ; the upper
if a sufficientnumber
of
and I think would be unnecessary
surface is dark green, whilst below there is a dense coveringof
small birds could be induced to settle in the plantation.
ginal
white farinose powder set off with a broad band of black mar(To be continued.)
sori. I have found this plant succeed best when grown
entirelyin rough fibrous peat and sand, the pots well drained,
and an abundant
supply of water adminittered to the roots,but
1.
FERNS."
No.
SILVER
AND
the syringe should never
GOLD
The
be used.
plant is a native of
me

"

"

"

the East Indies,and requiresthe temperature of a stove.

C. PULVEEACEA.
A plant similar in habit and generalcontour
clothed with
that the majority to C. farinosa,but less robust in growth, and its fronds less
aware
gold or silver farina. Now, as I am
the last-named
It also differs from
saying a massive in appearance.
of the inquirersare readers of the Journal,I purpose
of these
plant in havingthe upper side of the fronds dusted over with
the management
"tew words through its pages upon
It should
of speciescoming under this heading is a white farinose powder in addition to that below.
plants. The number
be
be treated like the preceding species,but specialcare must
and includes many
plants that are
somewhat numerous,
now
taken to prevent its being watered overhead, or it will present
known
there are many
more
to science
veritable gems ; still,
miserable
a
Native of warm
parts of Mexico.
appearance.
which have not yet been introduced into cultivation.
ExpEETo Ceede.
I

HAVE

of late had

several letters from

Fern-growers, and all

ask information respectingthose specieswhich

are

"

"

ADIANTUM.

This is a favourite genus with all growers of Ferns, and that

PEAS.
LAXTON'S
NEW
deservedly,for the majorityof the speciesare reallybeautiful,
ship,
for combining with flowers
Being
a neighbour of Mr. Laxton, and
erjoyinghis friendand
adapted
admirably
easilygrown,
under
My
I have
Two
occasions
on
inspected his Peas.
speciesonly come
many
either in bouquets or in vases.
of
the
think
I
same
favourable
of
William
I.
is very
opinion
;
this heading : the first,
a
the
latter
being
and
is
considered
a
llied
native
of
I
to
which
Alpha,
is
usually
Popular,
Chili,
a
is, believe,
A. SULPHUKEOM,
however, throws all
Superlative,
very great favourite here.
difficultto cultivate,which I believe is due to the fact that
I have read of the delightfelt
keep it with their stove Ferns, Peas that I know in the shade.
most gardeners and amateurs
In such a situation
by plant-coUeetorsin foreign countries when they met with
whereas it will thrive only in a cool house.
the
remarkable
some
this beautiful species to great perfection,
flower,and enjoyed the descriptionof the
I have grown
pleasurethey experienced,but evenMr. Fortune himself could
fronds being dense and about 9 inches in length. In a young
pleasure in one of these lucky finds than I
barren state the pinnulesof the tripinnatefronds are round, not have felt more
the other varieties
With
did on first seeing SuperlativePea.
give them the apfertilethe edges of the indusium
pearance
but when
The
colour is brigbt I am
not so well acquainted.
serrate.
of being somewhat
The arrangement of Mr. Laxton'a
crossed Peas, when they
side is clothed with a golden
green above, whilst the under
when
as
are seen
grown
growing, is a eight. They are not all mixed-up tofarina,and has a most beautiful appearance

December

14, 1871. ]

OP

JOUBNAL

AMD

HORTICULTURE

GARDENER.

COTTAGE

463

I have
Semiramis
flower owing to the disease.
gather,but plotted syBtematieally.In No. 1 plot we see all will never
fection tried to grow for two years, but unsuccessfully
the dwarfs,type Little Gem
; it is evidently
; No. 2 plot,type Veiteh's Pera very
shy variety; I must try it again,as I have seen it twice
; No. 3 plot,type Champion of England. Mr. Lixton'fl
and amateur
ing
garden is full of interest to both the professional
very fine. Thunberg is a very good sort, fine spike of a pleascolour.
gardener. E. Gileeet, Burgliley.
I had fine examples of many
others named
by D." and Mr.
Douglas, but I will give a list of those I think good and well
GLADIOLUSES.
SELECT
worth growing,although some
may be cheap old sorts. I have
with an
asterisk (*)those which
extra fine :"
are
Ha VINO
taken greatdelightfor a good many
years in growing marked
have appeared in your
Vernet, Sir J. Franklin,
*Aramis, Colbert,Conde, *Horace
the Gladiolus,all the remarks which
pheus,
Delicatissima
*Armida,
Talisman, Adanson,
Journal bearing on my favourites have been eagerlyscanned to
(veryfine),OrRosa Bonheur, Argus, Cornelie,Diomede, Dr. Lindley,
find something new
regardingthem.
diolus Eurydice,Homer, Horace, Isabella, *La Favorite,La Fiancee,
I have found GlaLike many
of your other correspondents,
Le
Desportes,
Poussin, Lord
Raglan, MaoMahon, Madame
cultivation very perplexing; indeed, some
years ago I
Madame
Madame
de Vatry,Madame
]?iirtado,
Vilmorin, *Marelost my
entire collection.
Shortly after that I had another
Michel
ohal Vaillant,*Mary Stuart, *Meyerbeer,
Ange (very
garden,where they grew very well,but still not without many
*M. A. Brongniart,*Legouve, Mozart,Neptune, Princess
failures. From
fine),
my experience,and the experienceof others
Sir
Sir
J.
of
Racine,
Shakespere,
Paxton,
I
should
that
in
first
Cambridge,
in the same
Mary
as
garden,
locality
say
my
W. Hooker, Thomas
Moore, Thunberg, Velleda, and *Virgile.
soils they will not succeed at all ; our subsoil was
a cold
some
Atkshiee
Amateuk.
heavy clay,and although deep digging and mixing sand and
resorted to, all would not do, and in similar soils no
were
moss
should
one
try any but the cheapest varieties, so that they
"

"

"

could be renewed
every year.
It was
with much
pleasureI read the reportsof " D., Deal,"
and Mr. Douglas on
of the new
and perhaps
some
varieties,
livingin
your readers might like to hear the experienceof one
From
of the kinds named
some
a different locality.
by D."

HARDY

HEATHS.

is of less size than

If the individual flower of the Heaths
that of the Pelargonium, Calceolaria,
Verbena, and other plants
used in massing, the number
of the bells,their exquisite

"

pensations.
and diversity
of colouringare ample combeauty,gracefulness,
the best, proving with me
would
think much
of a plant of Lobelia
No one
only indifferent,
better in
where
number
of
must conclude that certain varieties succeed much
in
mixed
but
we
a
plantsare
border,
speciosa a
than they do in another,notably Le Titien,James
one
locality
required to form a line or mass, the individual flower is of
Basseof bloom
littleconsequence
Veitoh,Marie Dnmortier, Reine Victoria, and Madame
judge them by the great mass
; we
ville. All these I have grown, but I could never
obtain from
produced,and the distinctness of colouring. Than the Heath
them a good spike.
there is no
more
shrub, nor one which in
profuse-flowering

and

Mr.

Douglas

as

Amongst last year'snew kinds Aramis was with me very fine, my opioion is better suited for arrangements for effect. Taste,
It is a good of course, differs,
and
I may
be set down
as
produced the largestspike I ever grew.
having " very
fourteen blooms
limited views
of what a massing plant should be, but those
variety,and when at its best there were
open,
and the spike was
in a mixed
who form their ideas from seeing Heaths
fully20 inches long. I do not know what
ment
arrangehave no conceptionof the eft'ectproduced by such plants
length the spikesattain in the south,but here such a length is
Another
dividuals
of as many
exceptional.
cheap new
variety was
Colbert,tall, when in a mass
square feet or yards as the inin the styleof Horace
strong-growing,
Vernet,and not greatly
composing it cover square inches. Everybody knows
Cond^
had a very showy spike,although the shape the effect of the Heath
inferior.
within easy distance
I am
on
a moor.
and

"

blooms
of the individual
not all that could be wished.
was
Horace Vernet is first-rate ; of it I need not say more.
Tdlisis very good. Phedre would
be beautiful it it made
man
a
but
I
is
delicate.
fear
it
Sir
John
Franklin
was
strong spike,
I
failed
in
but
the
a
good,
long
getting
spike
through
very
lower blooms failing
too soon.
Of the varieties of the year before,Delicatissima carried oS
the palm : it is rightlynamed, because
of the delicate tingeof
lilacBuftasingthe white and the delicate streaks of the same
colour ; it has a strong-growing
massive spike,and no one
could
wish for a finer variety. Armida
is also a fine flower,but it
did not equal the preceding. Of Elizabeth
I did not
think
much.
La Candeur
I grew the first year it was
sent out, and
I consider it was
nearly as good as that old varietyJohn Bull.
Rosa Bonheur
was
very fine,producinga long spike,and being
in colour
instead of the common
a lilac,
carmine
or
new
pink
shades.
Of older varieties,
Cornelie has a fine long spike,and is good
in style,
and Isabella is a fine white with a largedark carmine
Of Li Favorite I had several very fine spikes; it is a
stain.
"

strong grower, and a very distinct variety,the petalsrather

pointed,but altogetherthere are not many better. La Fiancee
is the purest white grown, has a good spike,but is hardly so
robust as could be wished.
Le Poussin
is a very good old
some.
variety,
and, as I saw it exhibited this year, very largeand handLord Raglan is an old favourite here,and often
very good.
MaoMahon
and Neptune are two very old varieties,
but stillso
good that I had them in a stand of twelve,which took a first
prize,despitea prettystrong aompetition. Michel Ange had
the finest spikeI exhibited ; it produces a largespike and large
blooms, and its colour is a beautiful contrast to the paper white
under petals. It has a fault in the flowers not being at right
angles to the stem, but growing upright; I had to put something
behind
each bloom
to press it downwards, so as to meet
the eye.
The
individual blooms
the same
on
wise
spike are likenot all alike,some
having only one segment white,others
three,and one bloom had no white division ; the blooms with
three white divisions were
its constancy,for last year
last

the best.
it

was

year's bulb was imported,this

growth, but I am afraid that the

season's

am

doubtful
as
to
fine as this ;
the previous

nearlyso
year'swas of

not

same

bulb's produce

of

one

of very many

(toomany,

for

of the

some

soil is fit for

agricultural
crops) square miles in extent, I believe the largest
effect like that, but of
in these islands,and to produce an
I
less scale,is the objectof this paper.
course
on
a very much
in varied
that
have
cultivated
of Heaths
we
clumps
may say
and sizes,ranging in extent from
forms
a
square rod to aquarterof an acre.
be formed
by
Very effective beds, nay, Heatheries, may
time,
selectingthose hardy Heaths which bloom at the same
in beds of almost any design,for
and plantingeach separately
design is not so material as the arrargement of the plantsas to
height,colour,and period of bloom.
bands or
as
Hardy Heaths are also extremely ornamental
borderingsto clumps of American
plants as Rhododendrons
;
the
other recommendation
endure
and they have one
they
of
mile
Within
a
of
towns.
three-quarters
smoky atmosphere
of the centre of one
of our
largestmanufacturing towns, I haveand
a collection amounting to upwards of fifty
species
grown
varietiesof hardy Heaths.
if
the
latter
They prefera sandy peat soil well drained,but
is not imperative; for they
condition
is secured
the former
will grow well in a soil containingvegetablematter,or such as
gloves
woods
in most
of some
standing, where Foxmay be found
with an equal quantity of very sandy
abound, mixed
loam.
soil,but are impatient of
They flourish in a humus
which is anything
stagnantwater, and if the site is low and wet
but good for them, as they delightin fresh air,and the
cutting blast put on a layerof stones as rough as possible,
into a cone
in the
and about B inches deep, not raisingthem
with from 6 to 9 inches
centre but with a gentlerise,and cover
in
four
of
be added one part
of soil. To the soil may
stone,
and if the soil is not sandy, add one part of sand to four of the
compost. This may be used rough, but the surface should be
than 1 foot in 3. I know it is a practice
fine and not rise more
for these plants,and it is all very well to do
to raise rockwork
so
where there is an unlimited
supply of water to prevent the
plants dying from drought,which they are apt to do on rockwork.
On
low rockwork
they succeed fairly,but on welldrained soil gentlyraised they do far better. Whatever soil be
used let it be sandy, for silicais essential to the healthygrowth
of the plantsand their profuseblooming.
"

"

"

"

JOURNAL

4Ci

OF

AND

HOETICULTUEE

for
be open.
Shaded places answer
not for Heaths, and if there is a spot that is exposed
like air,
the Heathery. Heaths
to every breeze,there have
moisture, but will also live in shaded places,for I
sun, and
know
several acres
of Scotch Fir and Larch, where the ground
is covered with a close carpet of Heath, but in the sunny
open
The

situation should

COTTAGE

Erica vagans,

GARDENER.

palered.

1 Erica vagans carnea,

alba,white.

Feras, but

These

good

of rather

are

about

masses

14, 1871.

[ December

flesh.

rubra,deep red.

form
straggling
growth,but, nevertheless,
IJ foot in height,floweringfrom July

1 to

to October.

E. ciliaris,
of fine and neat habit,1 foot high; Julyto
pale purple,
bloom is best.
September inclusive.
The
best time
E. mnltiflora alba,white, and multiflora rubra, red.
to plant is,perhaps, February, but from
These are
October to March
inclusive will answer.
To give an immediate
fine,and flower from July to November.
E.
o
f
stiff
erect
from
stricta,
effect plant thickly; very little of the bare soil need be left,
palepurple,
growth,flowering
August
; height,2 feet,
whilst the greatestdistance apart should be eqjxeX
to the height to November
E. Mackiana, reddish purple,
from June to September.
flowering
of each kind.

spots the

! The

after-treatment

kept clear
them
break

is very simple; all they want is to be

be pruned occasionally
to preserve
much
of growth may
irregularity
in a cultivated
efieot in a wild state,

weeds, and to
in form, for however
the monotony of the

one

best done

of

of one form is not admitted.

Pruning is
irregularity
justbefore the plants commence
growth. If it can

be afforded,
top-dresswith
reduced
to soil,cocoa-nut
grass of the lawn.
appliedin October

grass-edgingparings,thin turf
refuse,old cow dung, or the short
inch deep of any of these materials

any

Half an
will be sufiScient for a year ; it is then that
they put out roots innumerable,and not only Heaths, but every
feind of American
plant. From my observation of the state of
the roots,the end of September is the best time to remove
this
class of plants,but if they have been
in sheltered
grown
as theyare
positions,

in

nurseries,with

the

view, no

doubt, of
best removed

obtaining saleable plant in the least time,they are

in spring,when
danger from sharp weather is past,and
establish themselves before the return
of severe
they can
weather.
Hardy Heaths look best in an arrangement of beds on grass,
a

The

preceding are summer-flowering kinds

effective small

they form

or
large groups, and are very
E. stricta,
which
is from South
Europe, and in
the growth sometimes
suffers from frost.

Erica carnea, flesh with

growth, and

covered

very

hardy,except
a

moist

soil

pnrple,about

with flowers

from

6 inches high,dense close

to April. It is well
December

forms a fine group,

and may
be effectively
ployed
emadaptedfor edgings,
for winter and springflower-garden
decoration.

Erica herbacea,flesh,

alba,white,
carnea,

deep flesh or pink.

These flower from

preceding.

The

December
and are similar to the
to April,
last-named
does not flower until March.

It is of tall growth,4 to
Erica arhorea,white. Februaryto May.
feet,and requires
a sheltered spot,but open.
Erica codonoides,palerose, with largerflowers than E. arborea,of
slender growth. It gi-ows 6 feet high or more
in sheltered places,
more
5

which it requires.Februaryto April.

Erica australis,
palepurple.
nana, palepurpleand very dwarf,
rosea,

and

rose.

may enter into geometricalor symmetrical combinations

These are of very close growth, and attain from 9 inches to
along with summer
bedding plants,for I do not know by what
March
to Jane.
a foot in height. They flower from
law Heaths, and other profuse-flowering
low shrubs, which
Erica scoparia,
from 4 to 6feet
talland slender,
sometimes attaining
should be exare as effective by their foliageas
their flowers,
cluded
in height,
from flower-gardenarrangements. A few good beds of
nana, dwarf, about 1 foot to 1 foot 6 inches,
Heaths, if onlyfor their lightand elegantfoliage,
ought to be
minima, attains to 2 or 3 feet.
as
acceptable,
takingaway or toning down those glaringmasses
All
have greenishflowers in April and May.
of bloom
for which
flower gardens are
remarkable
our
or
were, for thanks to the introduction of fine-foliaged
plants,this
3 to 4 feet,
Erica mediterranea,pnrple,
and is
dazzlingbrightnesshas been toned down considerably,
glauca,foliage
glaucous,
now
than could be said a few years ago.
which is more
tolerable,
hibernica,erect stiffhabit.
The
best arrangement of Heaths, is,perhaps, in the picnana, dwarf, but stiiShabit.
turesque
style,and associated with other shrubs not necessarilyFlower from February to May, and requiresheltered places.
look so well as with Farze
American, for they never
(nothing Menziesia polifolia,
red.
purplish
makes
than the Double-flowered
of
a finer mass
Farze, a mass
alba,white.
of glaucousgreen, which
golden colour,and afterwards a mass
atro-purpurea,deepreddish purple.
will set-off beddingflowers better than nine-tenths of the plants
pumUa strictaalba,white.
used for the purpose),
Andromeda, Cistus,and the like,and
and produce their
The firstthree attain a heightof Ij to 2 feet,
with others they are well adapted for the most refined
even
fine showy flowers in July and August, but the last attains a
arrangements.
than 9 inches,seldom that, and sends
leaf-growthof not more
I shall not propose any particularmode
of arrangement, for
flower-shoots 1 to 1* foot high,or more,
spike-like
up very many
one
cannot
well be decided on
without
a knowledge of the
the- Valley-like
and on these are borne fine largewhite Lily-ofground, and it is best left to individual taste. I will now give bells. The effect is
good from July to November; indeed
and most constant-flowering
a list of the best,freest,
Heaths :
whilst I write (November2ad), the plants are conspicuous by
their pure white flower-bells.
It flowers more
less all the
Erica vulgaris
or
alba,white.
Erica vulgaris
coccinea,red.
of it is fine. I have it in patches of
red.
palepnrple.
flore-pleno,
Alportii,
year round, and a mass
tomentosajpale red.
reddiBb
about
half
2 feet
to
at
rubra,
a dozen, or a dozen, up
fifty,planted
purple,
white
argenteo-varief^ata,
pallida,
palepnrple.
apart in ordinaryloamy soil on the margin of Rhododendron
leaves.
variegated
Hammondii, flesh.
next the grass, where it serves
beds,not in a line, but as a mass
reddish purple,
Gtricta,
aureo-variegata,gold
to break the outline of a plain figureof shrubs, and it has a
leaves.
tenella,pale red.
variegated
good effect. Sandy well-drained soil is most suitable. Where
These are all of very close stiff growth, and attain a height common
shrubs grow it will succeed,only it must have light
to
of from
1 to 3 feet. They usuallyflower towards
the end of
flower. G. Abbey.
of bloom
June, are a mass
at the beginning of August, and the
floweringis continued until the end of September. The variegated
THIRTY-SIX
ROSES.
THE
BEST
kinds are of lower growth, and form
fine edgings to
I HAVE
of what I consider the best twelve
of
the
other
given the names
kinds.
E. vulgaris stricta is of erect
clumps
Roses ; I will now
make
the number
thirty-six.I have left
growth, and is suitable for dottingin the picturesquestyle.
in growth
out some
beautiful Roses because of their deficiency
Erica cinerea,
cinerea
palepurpleor grey, Erica
atro-purpurea,or hardihood,or both
such as Louis Van Houtte
(Lacharme),
alba,white,
purple,
Marie
Fartado
Baumann, Marquise de Mortemart, Madame
rubra,red.
rosea, rose,
Yidot
(thebest specimen of an exhibition Rose),and Madame
red.
carnea, flesh.
cocciuea,bright
and Madame
the best Hybrid Perpetual light Roses.
Rivers,
These have all small flowers,
and form a dense carpetabout
The above Roses
suited only to amateurs, or rich people
are
a foot high. They commence
floweringin Jane, and continue
who can afford to replace them from time to time.
They are
in bloom up to September inclusive.
all hearts and break a good many.
a paradox ; they will win
Erica Tetralix,pale flesh.
I Erica Tetralix rubra,red.
Marie Baumann
is a most
beautifal and perfectRose, but at
I
alba,white.
carnea, flesh.
this placea miserable grower on the Manetti stock. I have for
These
rather looae-growing
are
which have become
plants,with gracefulflowers three years had twentyplantsof this variety,
from the earlypart of Jane until the end of
small by degrees and miserably less.
August.
Moreover, it has the
"

"

"

"

JOURNAL

466

OF

HORTIOULTOEE

AND

My first question was, Are these imported bulbs ?

for three years," and yet,strangeto
bought none
suitable to
say, the soil is not what is generally considered
this plant,being a somewhat
The bed is raised
heavy loam.
above
the
considerably
surrounding level,so that the bulbs
have
The soil is also a good
every chance of ripening well.
loam for Grapesand every description
of stone fruit,
the flavour
of the Grapesbeingunsurpassed. J. Douglas.
lot.

even

"No, I have

"

CALIFORNIAN

CONIFEKyE,

CoMMENOiNO
in the southern part of the State,we
in
meet
her littoral belt,a littlenorth of San Diego, a small species of
Pine, known to botanists as Pinus Torreyana. I have thus far

COTTAGE

GAEDENEB.

[ December

14,1871.

barrier and shelter againstwind and driftingsand.

Nature
here hints at a remedy for us.
This species used with the
Monterey Pine and Cypress, would protect our
city from
driftingsand and fix the sand and soil. The people in that
section of the country have no vernacular name
for it. In any
other point the tree is unimportant. It extends
along the
coast northward
to
Alaska.
On
the
sierras
it
between
occurs
up
3,000 and 11,000 feet,descending,however, gradually
to the
north.
This gradual descendance
of all our
trees on
the
sierras towards
the north is readilyexplained; yes, it is selfevident.
On the sierras,
oppositeVisalia,our big trees set in
at 8,000 feet altitude.
The Mariposa big tree is found to be
6,500, and the Calaveras 4,700 feet above the level of the
On the sierras,
P contorta or Twisted Pine grows
ocean.
on
the banks
of streams, on
wet
and
moist
fiats,and in the

not been able to learn its vernacular Lame.

The trees are small and few in number:
moraines.
Here
higher portions of the mountains
on
it
they resemble most
the so-called Digger Pine (P.Sabiniana)
of our interior valleys. attains
a
of
height of 150 to 200 feet, and a thickness
The leaves are in fives and prettylong.
3 to 4 feet. Its outline is strictly
cylindrical. Its wood is,
The
seeds are about as largeas those of P. Coulterii. The
owing to the frequentstorms on the mountains, twisted,and
mentioned
is the only one
known.
It has not been
therefore hard to split. It is principally
used
for building
locality
tested long enough in our
gardens to know what may be exlog houses and railwayties. The vernacular name
pected
applied is
of it as an ornamental tree. In a practicalpoint of
Tamarack.
The application
undoubtedly arose from the resemblance
view it is unimportant.
in form
and habitat this species presents with
our
and keepingclose to the sea coast,we find
eastern Larch
Going northwards
(Lirixamericana.Tamarack, Hackmatack)growing
at San Simeon Bay,at Monterey, and at a place a littlesouth of
if not exclusively,
in swamps.
The identity
of the
chiefly,
coast and mountain
form is not altogethersafelyestablished.
Peseadero, the so-called Monterey Pine (P. insignis).
The
latter-named
limit.
It seems
place is its most northern
Eeceding from the coast towards the east, we meet on dry
to

only on the immediate

terey
coast,on bituminous slate. Monis the oldest seaportand the oldest point where
botanists
began their labours in California. Already, towards the close
of the last century, it was
visited by Menzies, an
English
botanist.
Our speciesin question,being variable in the form
of its cones, and the form
of cones
being one of the chief
characters relied upon in a botanical description,
gave rise to
occur

of synonymes.
quite a number
In Captain Beechej's
work we find it figuredunder the name
P. Sinclarii. Later, it is again described by Loislenr, and
called P. californica.
Don
described it even
twice, callingit
time

P. radiata and
another
time P. tuberculata. The
P. in. ignis,gven
to our
name
speciesby Douglas, who visited
Monterey in 1830 or 1832, is the one now generally
used.
The
be considered
settled ; for according to the
cannot
name
as
laws of nomenclature
it must
adopted by botanists,
retain its
one

first name,

This

P. Sinclarii.

species attains

of 2 to 4 feet. In
anything but beautiful.

persistent for many

height of 80 to 125 feet,and a thickness

old age its shape is very irregularand
Its cones, three to five in a whorl, are

years.

The

timber

leaves

are

in

threes.

Its

is of littlevalue when
better can
be had.
In dry protected
places it is prettydurable ; but exposed to the vicissitudes
of climate,it perishes soon.
The
tree,when young, is
undoubtedlybeautiful. It is extensivelyfound in our gardens,
and is known
to every one as the Monterey Pine.
Mixed with the speciesjust treated of we find another
two-

hillsides

small

tree, generallyknown

P. tuberculata.
It
as
20 to 40 feet, and
a
thickness of 10
inches.
The
Its outline is conical.
leaves are
to 20
in
threes and the cones
persistent. In gardens it does well,and
ornamental
I
an
tree is preferableto the Monterey Pine.
as
have not been able to learn its vernacular
name.
Being small
and unsightly
in its natural haunts, farmers never
made any use
It occurs
of it,and therefore giveit no vernacular name.
the
on
the road to Santa Cruz, on the Oakland hills,
coast mountains
on
attains

height of

the mountains
boldt
around Ukiab, on the Eed
Mountain, Humcounty ; also near Forest Hill,at Cape Horn, and further
the
of
the
canon
Alta
in
the
of
American
dry slopes
up near
this small tree forms a small grove by
river. In most
eases
on

the trees have attained a height of 20 to 40 feet

decay.
march
next meet, although
eastward, we
Continuing our
well-known
Yellow
Pine (P. ponderosa).
our
sparinglyat first,
This species attains a height of 150 to 250 feet.
Its form
The
branches
is cylindrical
in outline.
short and geneare
rally
deflexed.
The leaves are in threes and cones
deciduous,
fallingevery winter to the ground after they have opened
itself. After
they die and

(aboutthe

1st of

September)their

scales

to allow

the

seeds

In gardens it cannot
be called
spread by the winds.
object of great beauty. But on the higher mountains,
where it developes its full colossal growth, it is certainly
a
grand object to behold, and I can well see why Douglas
called it ponderosa, the
mighty. Generally speaking its
leaved one, P. muricata.
The vernacular name
in the southern
is rather inferior, being too coarsely grained, and
timber
portion of the State is Bishop Pine ; in the northern.Pitch
therefore subject to earlydecay. It must be mentioned, however,
Pine.
It occurs
San
Luis
near
that there is considerable difference in the qualityof the
Obispo at an altitude of
the Mission
La Purissima,where
in trees standing side by
3,000 feet ; near
it forms
wood
in different localities,
yes, even
a small
near
side.
The
timber
from
Monterey,as just mentioned, sparing'y
grcve
Truclsee,so called Truckee
Pine,
;
Tomales
near
Bay, scattered over
hills; facing the cc3an;
belongs entirelyto this species. The speciesin question is
Point Arenas ; also at the Albion
the
western
near
distributed
of
the
trees
coast
most widely
Eiver, extending one of
northward to the Ten Mile Eiver (Mendocino county). Its of North America.
It grows on all higher and drier points of
in whorls of two to four,persistentfor many
into their dry gravelly
cones
are
the coast ranges, and it descends even
years.
Some
little north
of Ukiah, Mendocino
trees, 2i feet in diameter, had cones
the lower
a
on
valleys,as is the case
branches
the Sierras from
on
partially
by the bark. In some
trees we
1,500 to 9,000 feet,in
overgrown
county. It occurs
fiad a series of cones
of twenty-five or
is
the
it
principalcomponent of that
thirtyyears. This
great abundance
; in fact,
species has not yet found its way into our gardens. When
mighty belt of timber extending from south to north along the
it is beautiful,
and apparently
of a quick growth. The
between
western slope of the sierras,
2,000 to 7,000 feet,a belt
young
old tree is irregularin outline,mostly weather-beaten and
of timber whose equal cannot anywhere else be found. It extends
unsightly. It attains a height of 50 to 80 feet. Its wood is fit from the Colorado north throughout the Eocky Mountains, and
for fuel only.
also in the higher mountain ranges of the Great Basin.
occurs
At the Albion

Eiver

to be
an

P. muricata

is mixed with another twoThis immense

diffusion over
Its northern limit is unknown.
contorts, Douc/l. (P. Bolanderi, so large a territory,
exhibitingso many different expositions
and climatic differences,
a
must naturallycause
height of 30 to 50 feet. On the upper
great variation

leaved species of Pine, P.

Pall). It
drier

attains

in form
and size of the tree and in the qualityof its timber.
portions of the so-called plainsof that region it bears
when
it is about
cones
5 feet high and
for there are
1 or
Its very botanical historyproves this assertion,
2 inches
thick.
The
several
in
than the one
in question.
are
also
few
a whorl,
trees that have more
cones,
persistentfor
synonjmes
Its small size and
:
slender upriglitbranches, Besides the name
above given there are the following
many
years.
synonymes
its short and denselyset bright
P. Engelmanni, P. bracbyptera,P. Benthamii, P. deflexa,and
green leaves,render it desirable
for ornamental
It evidentlyrequires a sandy soil, P. Jeffreyi. The
of trees in a dense forest are usually
cones
purposes.
whether
wet or dry ; it grows
in both as its natural haunts.
small,while those of isolated trees standing in alpinemeadows
In the vicinity
of Fort Bragg this species forms
a
perfect or on bare rooky slopesof mountains, or on wide sandy plains

December

14,1871. 1

JOUENAL

OP

HOBTICULTUEK

AND

COTTAGE

467

GARDENER,

four to sis times larger. This larger might have burned

from
out hours before daybreak there would be
is perhaps due to the intense reaction of the
heat enough in the flue to exclude the frost,
however
severe.
small fire
In conclusion,I will just add that a continuous
atmosphere caused by bare rocks,wet meadows, and dry sand.
in
such
localities
be
can
be more
not too large,as
Considering the quick radiation of heat
easilykept up if the furnace
the fuel will lie in a compact mass.
towards
alter sunset, which cools the air
John Marshall.
evening and shortly
this
able
understand
and causes
be
to
a heavy dewfall,
we
may
It is a great
obliged by your note.
[We are very much
phenomenon.
mistake
is not
that such
to think
"simple" information
Ascending the highestpoints of the Coast Ranges, we meet
valuable ; all success
is secured
by a knowledge of small
the well-known
Bat the Sugar
Sugar Pine, P. Lambertiana.
facts. Eds.]
Pine of the coast ranges is not that colossal structure of the
higher or rather middle sierras. Its beauty, size,and length
SELF-ACTING
PORTABLE
FOUNTAIN.
inferior. This Iree yields an
of cones
excellent timber,
are
and attains a height of 150 to 200 feet. The outline is cylinpnrtable table fountain wUl play from one to three
drical, SIy new
divided into
the branches
hours,according to size. The top part; acts as a cistern,and
are
short, dense, and much
the water
has run
the jet,screw
it into
out I unscrew
A characteristic exception,make the topmost branches, when
spray.
almost horizontally. the cistern and reverse, both top and bottom beingalike. The
which spread in a loose irregular
manner,

{Mono Like),are
size of the

cone

"

"

These

the cone-bearingbranches, which attract the attention

everybody by thtic clusters of pendulous cones, 15 to 18
long. The cones
open about September to emit their
seeds,and fall then themselves
during winter to the ground.
This noble tree has its leaves in fires ; they are
comparatively
ehort and of a glaucous green colour.
It ranges
throughout
the entire length of the sierras north
river
to the Columbia
between
4.000 to 10,000 feet. I have not yet observed it in any
of our
gardens. The resinous matter exuding from burnt spots
are

of
inches

of the trunk

hardens

into

whitish

mass,

sweet

as

sugar.

Descending into the more

easterlyvalleysof the coast ranges
meet
we
a very peculiarPine, the
Digger Pine (P.Sabiniaaa).
This species attains the height of 40 to 60 feet and a thickness
is
of 2 to 3 feet. Its outline is irregular
; the trunk
low.
Its
branches
characterised
main
are
few
generally
by a
'leaders and by the paucity of their spray.
The foliage
is light
and quite glaucous green.
The
leaves are
in threes and the
other
";anes
persistent,although not to the extent of some
The
testa
species. The seed is the largestof all our Pines.
seed
hard
and
in
the
of its
is very
bony. This speciesoccurs
"diiest portionsof valleysand hillsides,
feet
even
to
4,000
up
"ofthe sierras. It forme very seldom small groves.
On account
of its irregularform it is not a desirable tree for gardens. Its
wood is useless except for fuel.
In similar localities we find growing with the Digger Pine,
This
"although less frequently,another Pine, P. Goulteri.
species attains the height of 30 to 50 feet,and a thickness
The
branches
of 2 to 3 feet. It has a broad oval outline.
thick and
and
branohlets
are
clumsy and few in number.
The
and
leaves are
in threes.
long, bright green,
very
The
is the largestproduced by our Pines.
It occurs
at
cone
Pass
Tejon, on the Santa Lucia mountains, and at Mount
Diablo.
In our
Bolander
in
gardens it does well. (Professor
"

Horticulturist )
California
whole

operationcan be performed in half a minute

moveable
are
drop. The flower- vases
far as I know.
idea is entirely
as
original,
anything of the kind before. I took my idea
T. Wood.
{EnglishMechanic and World

one

DRAUGHT

OF

FLUE

TOO

POWEEFUL.

If your correspondent "Viridis"

banks
up his fire with a
mixture
of sawdust
and coal dust,using a largerproportion of
"the former
than of the latter,
he will be able to maintain
a
slow fire for a considerable
time.
The above fuel can be used
in quantity,and yieldscomparativelylittleheat, so that there
is no
risk of scorchingthe plants with it. It will keep up a

smouldering fire for nine

The
seen

"

"

ROYAL
Eepokt

to

the

on

the

ing
spill-

of Science.)

SOCIETY.

HORTICULTURAL
Council

without

for reversing.
I have never
from an hourglass.

Permanent

Exhibitions,

and

ten hours, and is occasionally

or
International
Competition, 1871.
very
useful to deaden
the fire. "Yieidis"
had, however, better
As regardsthe permanent exhibitions in the arcales of the Royal
take your advice and look to the draught from his ashpit door.
have to report,that the displaymade
Horticultural Society,
we
by the
It is surprisinghow littleair a greenhouse fire often requires, several exhibitors has been examined
by ns on the first meeting day
of
the
an
of
each
the
conditions
the
size
of
a
t
o
Schedule,
opening
is frequentlysufficient,
month, according
Society's
fourpenny-piece
and speakingin generalterms we may state that the exhibitions have
as in the improved Arnott
I am
stove.
the fortunate possessor
of the season.
Mr.
of a flue with a tearingdraught,but can
always regulate it to been well kept up from the beginningto the end
had in the heW. Paul, who has in our opinion earned the first place,
a
of the ventilator in the ashpit door.
nicety by means
A
of pot Roses, such as were
of May a magnificentdisplay
ginning
bably
prois
small pin
fixed that the ventilator cannot
so
be entirely
and we have pronever
broughttogetherbefore by one exhibitor,
posed
closed by one-eighthof an inch,and this small opening admits
their excellence
award of a gold medal.
to mark
by the special
air in sufficient quantityafter the fire has burned
A
excellent displayof cut Roses in May, June,
up well.
Mr. Paul
also made
an
few days ago, on looking at the fire for the last time at night,
July, August, and September,those in July being considered especially
I found it roaring furiously,
the door,"e., red hot, and soon
good ; and these were supplementedby ornamental evergreens,
discovered that the stopping round
the door had fallen down
and in their respective
seasons
by Lilies,Pelargoniums,
Hollyhocks,
and that air was
admitted
cellent
exAsters, "c. ; while in September the collection contained some
freely. I had no sawdust handy,so
I smothered
the fire with ashes.
pot Vines.
": Son occupy the next place,their exhibition beingof
Messrs. Lane
take much
trouble than is necessary
Many amateurs
more
miscellaneous
a more
character,made up in the main of fine specimens
with their greenhouse fires. I cannot now
help smiling at my
of hardy evergreens, enlivened in May and June by Rhododendrons
care
some
I used carefully
to make
own
years back.
up the
and Azaleas, of which theyhad
we
a good display.Later on
fire between
10 and 11 p ai.,visiting
it again the next morning
found
a
good collection of Ivies,and in Septemberseveral very interat 6 o'clock. For some
time past I have banked up at 8.30 p.m.,
estiogConifers bearingfructification.
and not troubled myself about the greenhouse until a oomfortAlmost
made
on
an
equalitywith this was the display
by Messrs
"able hour the next morning, feelingsure that though the fire Staudish " Co.,in which a more
decided attempt at effectivearrange-

JOUENAL

468

and has
fairlysuccessful,

has been

ment
This

OP

exhibition was
varied from

been

HOKTICULTURE

estimated

up of a miscellaneous
to month in the more

made

AND

in the award.

9. In

forwarding objects

fruits),when

greens,
backgroundof everprominentpartsby

t December

GAEDENER.

COTTAGE

they

for exhibition
not

are

14, 1871.

(especiallyflowers or perishable
in charge, exhibitors
accompanied by a person

advised to take especialcare to forward

the bill of lading in
due
time
at tbe Society*s
to the Assistant-Secretary,James
KicHAnns,
amongst which we may paror
ticularly
specimensof floweringplants,
groups
Offices,South
Kensington, as in dtfuult of tbe receiptof this document
and
Anthurinm, Bouvardias,
mention Eucharia graudiHora,
cases
taken place in the delivery of perishable
delay has already in some
Gladioli.
bush of
A handsome
objects sent lor exhibition.
towards the close of the exhibition,
10. In all other respects,and in so far ns they apply,foreigners will bo
of the
oblata attracted a good deal of notice,and some
Sldmmia
as printed
guided
by the general reeulations of tbe Socitty'sExhibitions,
much
attention
received
from
the
Coniferie
foreign in the Schedules.
novelties among
By Order of tbe Council,
Jurors associated with us.
H^NRY
Y. D. FcoTT, C.B., Lieut.-Col. R.E.,
of a different character altogether,
sisting
conMr. Wills's exhibition was
Secretary to the Koyal Horticultural Society,and to Her Majesty's
as furnishing
plants,and its chief
Commissioners
of the Exhibition of 1851. 1
mainly of the class known
which was the most tasteful and
merit consisted in the arrangement,
The awards made on the respective
of
days
meeting have been a"
of
much
less
than
those
extent
though
effectivein the whole exhibition,
follows :
ing
adverted to. As part of this arrangement he had a revolvpreviously
April 19 tb.
mention and approof special
bation.
stand,which we consider deserving
Flora
IVIedal to M. Van
President
Ghellinck
de
Silver
Azalea
Walle.
Houtte, Ghent, for a fine group
of new
Indian Azaleas.
Azalea George Loddiges.
Messrs. Paul " Son's exhibition consisted mainly of Hollies,
Azalea
Certificates
Alice.
to the
set off by cut Roses, FiRST-CLiss
Conifers,and other evergreens, and was generally
de
Azalea Marquis of Lome.
for Azalea
Comtesse
same
and in September by a group of Vallotas.
Beaufort.
of so.
showed only Gladioli,but they were
Messrs. Eelway " Son
(The certificates awarded by Floral Committee.)
much merit that we have proposedto award to them a Silver Flora
May Srd.

month

are

"

Medal.

understand that we are

the cost of the medals, we
the exhibitors,
to the total number
between
according
have made
we
obtained,and, based on this understanding,

Deducting
allot "213
marks

awards

as

follows

to

of
our

Silver
Floral
Medal
to M. Dalliere,Ghent, for group of Palms
other plants.
Second-class
Certificate
to the same
for Azalea La Eeine.
(Awarded by Floral Committee.)

"

June

W. Paul
" Son....
Messrs. Lane
Messrs. Standish " Co.
Mr, Wills
Messrs.
Paul " Son
Messrs. Kelway " Son

2"5 marks

Mr.

243

228
98
61
40

....

INTERNATIONAL

"

"

..

"

..

"

"

..

"72 10
62 0
58
0
0
0

15
10

0 and

25
.

0 and
0
0

Gold Medal.

Flora

7th,

Jacob-Makoy " Co.,Liege"

liere, To M. L.
Medal
to M. A. Dalfor
of
for a group

Ghent,

Silver Medal.

Thomas

Moore, Iicfjorter.

Egbert
Maxwell

Hogg.
T. Masters.

EXHIBITION,

Silver

1871.

Lycopodium
Lycopodium
Lycopodium

twelve Palms,
for pair of xiyramidalBays.
Medal
sels,
Bronze
to M. Linden, Brusfor

Tillandsia

of

Japanese
group
Acers.
First-class
to
Certificate
the
for
same
Xinthosoma
Lindeni.
Dracxna
lutescens striata.
Acer palmatum crispum.
Acer palmatum
roseo-dissectum.

dicbotomnm.
mandioccanum.

taxifolium.
quently
subseMorreniana,
published as T. statice-

fiora.
Second-class
Linden

Certificate
for Epidendrum

department

of

london

international

Exhibition, 1871.
men
of Council, dated April 6th, 1870, the following gentlewere
appointed, with the sanction of Her Majesty's Commissioners
Secretaries
of the
for the Internfitioual Exhibition, to act as Permanent
nagement
International Exhibition, the maof the London
Horticultural Section
of the Society"namely,
is vested in the hands
of which
Dr. Hogg, F.L.S.,for tbe Fruit Department.
Dr. Masters, F.R S.,for the Foreign division of the Floral Department.
division
of the Floral Department.
T. MoOEE.
Esq.,F.L.S.,for the Home
have been accordingly deputed to carry out all tbe
These
gentUmeu
all correspondence relating
arrangements, and to conduct
necessary
thereto.
enter and exhibit novelties or any other
2. Foreign Horticulturists may
objects of iuttrest at any meetings of the Fruit or Floral Committee.
3. Such
Foreign Horticulturists as may be accredited to represent their
Exhibition, or who may attend in the
respectivec"iuutvies at tbe London
capacity of distinRuished visitors,will be installed pro tern, as members
of the Scientific Fruit or Floral Committee, and will he invited to join in
to the general regutime
lations
their deliberations, conforming at the same
should
of tbe respectiveCommittees, which require that members
they are personally interested are being
retire while suljc;ctsin which
1. By

Minute

adjudicated

Brussels, for

Collection of Orchids.
Collection of Dioscoreas
(new).
Collection of Marantas
(new).
To M. A. Dalliere,
tion
Ghent, for Collecof finelygrown
Marantas.
to M. A. Dalliere,
Medal
Bronze
for Collection of greenhouse

plants.
To

M. Jos. Hermans,
for cut Roses.

Herenthals,

to

M.

pani-

culatum.

it was
ascertained that
of the international competitions
In the case
of the Jury, to which we were
appointed
to the organisation
previously
June 21"t.
at
to act as Secretaries, certain foreignnovelties had been exhibited
Certificate
First-class
to M. f Thrinax alegantissima,
have
view
we
and
the
with
to
a
of
completeness
the meetings
Society,
for
Calamus
Linden
sp. Menado.
mittee.
made
to these subjectsby the Floral Comhere included the awards
Verschaffeltia melanocbictes.
|
the awards have been made
by au Interuational
Subsequently
July th.
Jury constituted in accordance with paragraph-iof the annexed xn-inted
Certificate
Medal
First-class
Silver
to M. Linden,
Flora
the instructions under which we have acted.
paper, which formed
for
Linden

[ hortxoultdral

and

Alloplectusvittatus.

to

M"

chrysopbylla.

DioECorea
Dioscorea

prismatica.

Dioscorea

Eldorado.

Dioscorea

meleagris.

Diefl'enbachia iiuperialia.
Maranta
Mazellii.
Wallisii
discolor.
Maranta
Epidendrum Frederici-Gulielmi.
Ceutificate
to the^
Second-class
same

for Aralia

japonica

aureo-

reticulata.

July 19th.
Medal
to Mr. TVendFlora
land, Herrenhausen, for
.ailcbmea Marias Eeginre.
To M. Jean Verschnfi'elt,
Ghent, for
Group of twelve Agaves.
Twelve
standard Orange trees.
to
M.
Certificate
First-class
for
Wendland
.^chmea
Marine Regime.

Silver

upon.
International
4. The Secretaries will form, ex o^icto,the nucleus of an
partment
novelties
exhibited in this defor tbe acijudioationof all Foreien
that nothing of importance may be overlooked,
in order
; and
First-class
Certificate
full
fail to receive
they will at each meeting during
or
may
Verschafl"elt for
members
of such
the season
(May to October) mvite tbe assistance
albida.
Agave Celaiana
of tbe Fruit
and Floral Committees
respectively as

Jury

consideration,

to

To
To

M. Jacob-Makoy " Co.,Liege,for

Tillandsia complanata.
M. J. Verscbairelt,Ghent, for
New
Zamia
Caledonia.
sp. nov.
Lticksonia
sp. St. Catherine's.
EncepLalartosVroomii.

Agave

sp. nov.

Regelii macrodonta.
Agave Mescal fol. variegatis.
Agave elegantissima.
Agave

September Gth.
Agave Mescal nigrispinis.
Agave dealbata compacta.

M. J.

Certificate
to tho"
Second-class
or
Foreign)
for Agave dealbata compacta
same
of
Agave Toneliana.
to be autborities on the merits of the particularclasses
be known
angustifolia.
flowers or fruits to be exhibiled.
dicated,
Exhibitions
will be judged in the manner
5. The Permanent
already inof distinction have assisted in making
The
followingforeigners
will admit.
at
far as the conditions
They will be examined
so
these awards :
corded
the firstmeeting in each month
(May to October), and marks will be reM. Glover
M. Wolkcnetein
of tbe meritorious
features
Dr. Kegel
of each
in favour
at each examination
M. Doucet
M. Linden
Prof. Koch
will be eummed
up at the end of the
competing exhibition,which marks
to this, a
Prof. Morren
rewards
distributed accordingly. In addition
tbe
season, and
for
m
eritorious
exhibitor
be
to
medal
also
awarded
Floral Committee^
anyspecially
of
the
any
members
may
the services of the

(Home

"

may

"

And

following

during the season.

have been rendered:
in additioa to the Secretaries,
made
to novelties shown
6. Tbe awards
by Foreign exhibitors will
Mr. C. Pilcher
Mr. J. Fraser
Mr. H. J. Veitch
consist of tbe usual certificates (Firstand Second-class) granted by the
Mr. C. Penny
Standish
Mr.
J.
Mr. W. B. Helloch
Societv for similar
subjects.
Mr. F. P. Smith
Mr. C. Green
Mr. W. Bull
7. When
Foreigners exhibit in the classes defined in the Society's
Mr.
who
C.
Lee
to
the
but
those
general regulations,
Schedule, they must conform
Thomas
Moore, lici^orter,
cretary,
notification to the Seif they desire it, on
FuccesHfully may,
compete
Hogg.
of the Money
instead
Prizes.
ob ain Medals
Kobeut
8. The
for tbo Permanent
Prizes
Exhibitions, as well as those
awarded
T. Masters.
Maxwell
to foreifjners
such as (1) Groups
for Specinl Exhibitions, hors de concoura,
of New PlantH. Orchids, Palms, Apples, Pears, or any similar prominent
Report.
PoMOLOGic.o,
mixed
ous
or
subjects; (2) MihceUanf
Groups of Plants,Flowers, or Fruits ;
Those
Individual
or
trkable
(3) Run
Specimens, will consist of Medals.
before it was decided upon to
it was late in the season
Although
who may
desire
the
to commute
Medals for Money
or Articles of Value,
which attended that
International Fruit Show, the success
hold an
znnst notify the same
to the respective Secretaries before tbe close of
"which took placeon the 4th of October exceeded the most sangume
the season.
display noted

"

14, 1871. ]

December

JOUENAti

OP

HOETICULTURB

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENEB.

469

time afhad been given,

fordedgarden boy, ' Jack, water those remontants.' "
and more
Many abortive
with the fruit-growers
of other countries, attempts have been made
to alter existingnames,
but custom
it
than
have
been
much
extensive
the eshibition would, no doubt,
more
is too strong, and Hybrid Perpetual will remain
to the end.
1500 dishes
less
the
short
of
but
notice
than
with
no
was
even
upwards
;
D., Deal.
almost all parts of the southern counties
of fruit were exhibited. From
of England collections more
less meritorious were
or
produced,and
BEST
ROSES
IN
IRELAND.
notablyamong these were upwards of one hundred varietiesof Apples
I HAVE
from Messrs. Lueombe, Pince, " Co., of Exeter ; 130 varieties from
read with interest the various notices of Eases in
the gardens of W. Egerton Hubbard, Esq.,of Leonardslee,Horsham;
with surprise
and remarked
your Journal for the past season,
siderable
Cross ; and very con171 varieties from Mr. Wm.
Paul, of Waltham
the comparatively low position and small attention given to
collections from the gardens of H. AUsop, Esq., Hindlip Fisher
which
I
for
can
account
Holmes,
or
by suitability,
only
House, Reading; the
Hall, Worcester; Richard Webb, Esq., Culham
in. L% France, Marie
contrary, of the soil it is grown
Alfred Smee, Esq.,P.R.S.,Carshalton ; J. H. Houblon, Esq.,HallingBaroness
others
and
have
blown
Rothschild,
Baumann,
liarly
pecuSanbury Place,Bishop Stortford ; H.K.H. The Prince of Wales, at
well amongst a considerable lot of healthy and luxuriant
Castle; Messrs. Rivers,of
dringham; D. W. Digby,Esq., Sherborne
plantshere ; but Fisher Holmes, for beauty of shape, colour,
Sawbridgeworth
; and many
; Messrs. J. " C. Lee, of Hammersmith
others whose collections were
richness,and consistence of petals,has far exceeded all others,
not so numerous.
exhibitors being not only in my
In Pears the Exhibition was eqnaUyrich ; the same
estimation,but in that of the best growers o"
iound in this class of fruit as in the Apples, with the addition of very
this district. In fact,all admit it to be about the best Rose
choice specimensfrom the gardens of Lord Eversley,at Heckfield ; they know.
The
soil here is a warm
sandy loam. Samuei.
E. P. Shirley,
Esq.,Lower Eatiugton Park, Stratford-on-Avon ; and RiALL, Annerville,Clonmel.
William Thompson, Esq.,Ilford.
The only foreignexhibitors were
Messrs.
Baltet,of Troyes, who
towards the interest of the Exhibition,both in the
CUT
contributed much
IN
WATER.
FLO.WERS
of the Applesand Pears they exposed.Of Apples
quantityand quality
taken
from the " Florist and Pomologist," in
In an article,
and
these
there were
300
150 varieties,
and
of Pears
upwards of
;
last week's Journal,Mr. Forsyth refers to the unpleasant smell
scription
were, without doubt, the finest contributions to the Show of that defrom water in which
cut flowers have
stood for some
time.
of fruit.
this greatobjectionto cut flowers so preservedin invalids'
In Grapes the Exhibition was
to have been equalled Now
such as never
be obviated
rooms
by putting a small teaspoouful of
on
The collections of Messrs. Lane " Son, of
may
any previousoccasion.
in every pint of water.
The only
Berkhampstead; of Mr. Meredith, of Garston ; of the gardensof the sulphate of iron (copperas)
the
at
with
the
minor
exhibition:^from
efieot this will have is a beneficial one
bloom
and foliage.
Society Chiswick, together
on
bined
and other private
gardens of Lord Bagot, Blithefield,
gardens,comfew grains of
A few drops of Gondy's disinfectant fluid,
or
a
to illustrate Grape-growingas practised
in this country in a
the same
permanganate of potass,will answer
purpose, used in
manner
which cannot be sui'passed,
and is rarely
equalled.
Fak West.
the same
manner.
From the gardensof Lord Carrington,
Wycombe Abbey, there came
teen
a Smooth-leaved
Cayenne Pine, weighing 9J lbs.,from a plant nineICE
STORING.
months old ; and Mr. Terry,of Peterborough
House, Fulham, sent
three Queen Pines, weighing respectively
4 lbs. 6 ozs., 4 lbs. 11 ozs.,
SufiTCiENi ice in good clear condition was secured last week
and 5 lbs. ; while from
there
Earl
Vane's garden at Wynyard Park
It is seldom
that we can
collect ice
to last ths whole season.
was
a fine specimen of*the same
varietywhich weighed5 lbs. 13 ozs.
have only
clean enough for putting in water or wine, as we
The awards which were made on this occasion were :
ponds of small size. Most of the country ice will not bear
Class 1
The most complete Collection of Apples, three Fruits of each
comparison with Wenham
Lake, ice nor will it stand exposure
Variety." 1st,William Paul, Paul's Nurseries, Waltham
Cross, gold medal.
the blocks are
For
2od, Messrs. Baltet Freres, Horticulteurs,Faubourg Croaoels li, Troyes,
smaller.
much
so long, as
consolidating
France, silver giltmedal.
Extra, Mr. C. Chaff, Wallington, Carshalton,
ice is very advantageous, but
such things as butter in summer,
Surrey.
neither
fish
be
can
vegetables,
long kept fresh by ice
meat, nor
2." Collection of Dessert Apples, three Fruits of each Variety.
Class
in flavour.
1st, Mr. C. Chaff, silver gilt medal.
without deteriorating
House,
2na, Mr. E. Webb, Culham
Caicot,Reading, large-silvermedal.
Most people now
have ice-preservers.Some
are
made of
Class S." Collection of Culinary Apples, three Fruits of each Variety.
wood inlaid with cork, and have a double top, with a tap at
sham,
Hor1st,Mr. S. Ford, gardener to W. E. Hubbard, Esq., Leonardslee,
bottom
to let off what water collects. I think nothing better
Sussex, silver giltmedal,
and, Mr. C. Chaff, large silver medal.
Class 4." The most
of Pears, three Fruits of each
Complete Collection
than a double bos or barrel,with an
empty space of soma
2nd,
Variety." 1st, Messrs. Baltet Freres, Troyes^ France, gold medal.
inches between
the two vessels made
2
air and water-tight.
Mr. C. Chaff, silver gilt medal.
Extra, Mr. E. Spivey, The Gardens,
In
such
vessels
ice
will
useful
and be most
time,
a
keep
long
Essex.
Hallingbury Place,Bishop Stortford,
Class 5
Collection of Dessert
the ice
for coolingwine and other things. In all cases
where
Pears, three Fruits of each Variety.
Ist, Messrs. Baltet Freres, Troyes, France, silver giltmedal.
2nd, Mr. A.
is not pure enough to be used in lumps, it is a good plan to
Moff.tt,gardener to H. AUsop, Esq., Hindlip Hall, Worcester, large silver
I preferthe latter as being free
have a vessel of tin or zinc
medal.
Class 6." Collection of Kitchen Pears, three Fruits of each Variety.
from rusting and place it near
the centre of the tub with a
ist, Messrs. Baltet Freres, Troyes, large silver medal.
2nd, Mr. W.
small pipe passingfrom near the bottom through the tub, and furnished
medal.
Earley, The Gardens, Valentines, Ilford,Essex, bronze
with a small tap outside for drawing off the iced water.
Class 7. Collection of Grapes, two Bunches
of each
Variety." Ist,
In storingthe ice last week I did not pound it so much
Messrs. H. Lane
as is
" Son, gold medal.
2ad, Mr. J. Meredith, silver gilt
!nedal.
usuallydone, because I have often found that if there is just
Class
8." The
T. Bannerman,
of Grapes." 1st, Mr.
Largest Bunch
out
enough of well-broken ice to pack the largerpiecesfirmly,withfiilvormedal.
2nd, Mr. P. F. Le Sueur, bronze medal.
Class 9. Collection of Oranges, Lemons, Citrons, Limes, "c.
leaving air-spacesbetween them, it keeps as well as when
Class 10, Miscellaneous
in either of the above.
treble pounding has been given. Collectingthe
or
Fruit,not mentioned
a double
Slxtra Prizes.
Mr. W. G. Pragnell, Castle Gardens,
Sherborne, Dorset, ice clean is of more
importance than extra pounding, as every
Collection of Fruit. Mr. W. Jones, gardener to Earl Vane, Wynyard
Park,
bit of wood, mud, or litteracts as an air-holder.
Co. Durham,
Mr. G. T. Miles, garden.r to Lord
one
QLleeu Pine Apple.
For many
used anything for coveringthe
Carrington,Wycombe Abbey, Bucks, one Smooth
Cayenne Pine. Mr. T.
years I have never
Jack, gardener to the Duke
of Cleveland,
Battle Abbey, Sussex, eight
the house is
sides of the ice-well,
the surface of the ice when
or
dishes of Peaches.
Mr. A. Moffatt,three Melons.
it
full.
I
as
to
nearly
object
straw, chieflybecause as soon
HocHj.
EOBEET
getsdamp, vapour is given off,which tends to melt the ice. If
had to open the ice-house several times a-day instead of for
we

oxpectationg.If
to have

longer notice

communicated

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

FEENCH

DESCRIPTIONS

OP

ROSES.

largequantitiestwo or three times a-week, then a dry straw

it there were
especially
coveringon the surface often renewed
a small
air-pipeabove the covering to allow any moist vapour
would be an advantage.
to escape
Ice will keep all the better if placed togetherin good large
loads or more,
as a few
to a hundred
quantities,
say from fifty
in proportion. We
would
have
loads will melt away sooner
well
in
of
however
words
littlefaith
out
au
L' explication
donnons a nos Roses, au
protected,
mot
ice-heap
doors,
que nous
Wnether
in
that did not contain from twenty to thirtyloads.
belle tenue, cela veux
dire que le pedoncule estferme, et que la
Jleurse tient droite." I hope Mr. Kent will not be offended it heaps out of doors or in a house, it will keep all the better if
I protest againstendeavouring to retain the French
expression exposed to severe frost before being covered over or shut up.
For a covering out of doors nothing is better than dry tree
instead of Hybrid Perpetual. Granting that
"remontant"
it is too late now
the latter is an unfortunate
to alter. leaves put on at different times, so that theymay not become
one,
"
"
to
one's
to
rosarian
wrote
damp, and heat. I remember a case of an ice-heap carefully
Fancy," as a good
saying
me,
I

that Mc. A. Kent has disputed the correctneaa of the

translation which I have alwaysgiven of the words "belle tenue;"
and although I felt convinced that my version of it was
correct
and as likelyto be so as Mr. Kent's,yet I thought it better to
be on the safe side.
I therefore wrote to my friend M. Gaillot
fils,of Lyons, to know what he meant
by it. Here are his
FIND

"

"

"

"

JOURNAL

470

OF

HOBTICDLTURB

COTTAGE

AND

GARDENER.

[ December

14, 1871.

should be dry and put on twice or thrice instead of all at

that melted away from being covered over with oat straw
inches.
From
2i inches of dry straw or leaves ought to keep
The
been
straw had
imperfectly once.
out any heat of our
and rats so hunted
after the grain left,that
summers.
Not choosing the positioneither on a mound
the rains penetrating
cline,
or
by the holes,made the coveringdamp, set
a
steep inthat
so
no
the
Even
when
stand near
soon
ice
water
the ice-heap,
and
can
is another
it heating,
heating
disappeared.
of failure. When
double walls and double roofs,
once
does not take place,ice-stacks out of doors are liable to have
cause
with a space of confined air between
the warm
air
to be rightly
rat-holes made in the covering,through which
them, come
made

ing

depth of 18
threshed,and mice
to

I believe that the heating

obtains rather too free an entrance.
of the coveringis the chief reason
why farmers who have tried
have
often failed. The coverso
ioe-heapsfor various purposes,

PHCENIX

DACTYLIFEEA-THE

valued

to
the

non-conductors
of
ice-house
above
R.
F.
ground.

see

as

an

heat,it will
as

below

be
the

quite as common
general surface

of

"

DATE

PALM.

and
hall or the landingupon
the top ot the staircase duringthe
attention of both amateurs
to draw the particular
rather
it may
be planted,
or
gardenersto the merits of this plant,as it is an excellent subject winter months, and in summer
benefit
of the immense
for decorative purposes, independently
plunged,out of doors in the garden,either as a singlespecimen
on
the lawn, or as the centre of a group of broad-foliaged
derives from it.
"which man
plants,
in which positions
northern Africa and
it will be at home, and very much
enhance the
is distributed over
The
genus Pho3nL"
I

"WISH

though
al-

tropical Asia,
one

two

or

ti^opical
appearance
of the

den.
gar-

summer

I must,

to have
species
strayed from their
seem

not

theless,
never-

its
ignore

original home,

beauties as an in-door
plant,for if gro^wD
in a stove it affords

the

ing
befound in southeastern
Africa.
All

have long
species

pleasing

contrast

pinnate foliage,the
lower pinnEe in some
of the speciesbeing

to other suTijects
those
having gay
those
flowers, or

reduced

whose

to

stout

mere

spines. Some
tall and
whilst

dwarf,

stout stems,
others
are
and in some

belongsto
arborescent
tion,
secand
although

varieties

numerous
are

the

by
distinguished
after

in
peculiarity,
case

each

Arabs, and

named

some

every

it is a tall handsome

tree,attaining
heightof from 50 to
80 feet,bearing an
immense
quantityof
a

nutritious

and
fruit,

most
yielding

of the

articlesof life necessary

to the Arabs

their

chief attraction
the
mental
ornacharacter of
and
leaves

is

have

instances
stemless.
The plantunder consideration
the

"

domestic

and
animals.

their

"

well gro'wn it
is a
tellingplant
tion
either in a collecof Palms
a
or
collection of
mixed

when

stove

and

greenhouse

plants.
could
Much
more
be
said respecting
this most
interesting
Palm, but I must
conclude
this brief
with a few
summary
tivation,
remarks upon its culand this to

having a

anyone

tle
lit-

acquaintancevrith.
plantswill be foimd
racter.
of the simplestchaThe

soil I

prefer for pottingis

.and peat,
half loam
liberal ance
allowsand,and if

I have remarked
that
stating the

with

heightwhich

little fine cocoafibre refuse can.

terially
bo added it will maenrourage the
roots. Soil such as

and

Palras

various

other

tropicaltrees attain,
often has the effect
of deterringmany
from
commencing
their culture. This
is because

gine
they ima-

they

cannot

accommodate

them,
that
quite forgetting
under

cultivation

it

of
a

nut

that described,good
drainage, plenty of

water,

heat,are

and
the

stovs

leading

features of the system

Date
I adopt with
Palms until theyare

the Date Palm.

Phosni.'i dactylifera"
about three years old,
very
time they
at which
before
many
years
the plantsreach their greatest
their normal state,
and be neat littleplants,
altitude. And so it is in this case ; should have assumed
veloped.
with
leaves
when
several
of
their
about three years old the Date Palm
is an elegant
fullydeplant
distinct-looking
pinnate
for the dinner-table,
the
inured to the temperaSome
it excites among
ture
and
the remarks
may then be gradually
of the greenhouse,and when
this is effected they may bo
guests upon its products and their application
might conduce
of intelligentused for window
to the entertainment
of a number
decoration,or any other purpose, in a low
considerably
The others,
the taste of the owner
Then
desires a good window
as
who
for an
amateur
temperature,
persons.
may dictate.
if required for stove
will grow
and thrive
which
plant,here is Phomix
decoration,or if it is essentialthat they
dactylifera,
in a sitting-room,
should be grown
and will always have a cheerful efl'ect. As
quickly,
may be kept in the hothouse, supplied
it increasesin size our
with an abundance
of water,and repottedfrom time to time as
fair readers may M'ish to have it removed
for
follows that the plant may be necessary.
somethingsmaller,but it by no means
must
be discarded. It will form a magnificentornament
lants increase in size it is beneficial
for the
I have found that as the

takes
frequently

OP

JOURNAL

14, 1871. ]

December

HOETICULTUEE

of peat,and substitute loam foi it. For

to decrease the quantity
old plantsabout one
part of peat mixed with three of loam
forms a very good and nutritious compost,in which not onlythe

AND

COTTAGE

subjectof
of
species
ExpERTo

471

GARDENER.

but the other

the present paper, PhoBnix dactylifora,
will be found to tlourish.
the genus in cultivation,
Crede.
"

DISEASE.

GOOSEBERRY

The ^oidia
Bue brightorange.
causeand that on the Meadow
(Persoon),
considerable
deformities in the plants on which they grow,
natural family of Fangi,
and
of them
and some
poisonous. The
are
decidedlyinjurious
This Fungus consists of small
class Cryptogamiaof LinnreuB.
is said frequentlyto destroy the young
membranous
or
sics
protuberances,which are found parasiticGooseberry iEoidium
that
fruit of
plant,
on the leaves,bark,fruit,
fied
satiswhich we are quite
"o., of several plants;
to believe ; the sprsuch
the
Violet,

^oiDitjM

genus
the
or

of plants
Mushroom

belonging to the
tribe,and to the

as
Fir,
Berberry,
Hawthorn,
Primrose, Nettle, "o.
The membrane
forming

the

cies found

to be

division

Gooseberry plantations,

an

I will givemy experience

X
on this point,and how

or

of
nominated
de-

their

names

plants

on

gained

cure.

Inl8GSandl869,

about

one-third

fruit

here

of

tl e

(Mouswald

blotched

become
much

very

by this fungus. I
givethe ground amongst
the

from
which

bushes

liberal

dressingwith lime in the

and
syringed
autumn,

they

found.
Link
are
has divided this genus
into three
sub-genera,
the jEeidium
properly
so

perfect

have

Gardens, Dumfries, seat

J. Keid)
of Sir James

Fungi that has been

Angiocarpi.
There
are
upwards of
known
speciesof
thirty
the genus, and they receive
the

near

this pest, and

subdue
their
eradicate it from

summit.
Inconsequence
of the seeds being contained
in a membrane,
the genus has been referred
to

hurtful

growing

corn

encloses
minute
very
dust-like seeds or spowhich
mately
ultiare
rnles,
its side

ously,
errone-

to
it ;
ticultural
horbut as some
of our
friends may be
desirous to know how to.

has received the

of peridium. It
dermis
piercesthe bark or epiof the leaves,and
sac

dischargedby

stated,

though perhaps

name

opening in

the Berberry

on

been

has

them

over

with

of alum

pound
com-

1 drachm ,
2 dittr,

tobacco essence
flowers of sulphur i oz.,
salt | oz,, all
common
mixed
in 3 gallons of
rain
water ; this was
twice before the
done

called,the Rce-telia,

and Periderninm.
The
M. cancellatum
here represented
belongsto the
second
of those
sions
divi.Slcidinm cancellatum,"
growing in its natural size ;
n, a berry upon whicb it is seen
It is often found
expanding of the leaf,
./
^' 1^3^ cut showing the part where the peridia are magnified ; c, a full-sized leaf
1
f
p
and
as
again as soon
rear
on
ine
leaves
Ol
affected as the berry, appearing like a drop of red paint at a distance.
ly
the fruit appeared fairsion
trees. To the third divistroyed
This first deset.
belongsthe M pini,
the mycelium in the soil,and the syringing cleared
remarkable
for being the largestspecies,and for growing not
the bark of its sporules; and
Gooseberry bushes are
my
upon the leaves but upon the bark of the Pine tree. They vary
Graham
John
in colour.
berry now
free from all trace of fungus.
The speciesthat grow on the Gooseberry and Ber(in Thi
o

"

leaves

are

red ; that found

on

the

Scotch Fir is yellow.

WORK

FOR

Gardener).

THE

WEEK.

pruning, exceptingof Figsand Apricots,and most of the nailing

The
well for a new
plantationof of wall trees, as well as the training of espaliers,should be
Celeryground will answer
Asparagus ; the soil should be ridged-upto mellow as the Celery finished if possibleby New Year's-day,and the same
may bo
The
said of bush fruit. Making borders or stations for fruit trees
taken up.
best policy with Lettuces for the
roots are
soil is to be introshould be autumn
work ; indeed,where new
supply next spring,is to allow them to freeze tolerablyfirm
before coveringthem up.
of straw should
A very light screen
duced, September or October is the most fittingtime, as the
be shaken
add
best
of
them
and
is
frozen
soils
be
when this
at first,
over
a
seriouslyinjuredby moving them in a wet
may
little more,
the objectbeing to keep them
frozen as long as
state.
them when
GARDEN.
TLOWER
possible. Above all,do not uncover
a thaw
arrives,
but let them remain
until completely thawed.
In favourable weather transplanting
These remarks
shrubs,trees.Sea.,should
and choice plantsin
will bear equally on
all other tender vegetables. The
tool- be carried on.
See that all the principal
house should always be in good order,and the tools clean and
this department have sufiScient scope to develope their true
in good repair. Those with long handles should be hung upon
character.
There are few situations in a garden more
ing
interestthe highest hooks or pegs, the others at convenient
than a well-arrangedshrubbery, where
distances,
every plant from
the largestto the smallest had sufficientroom
to form a perfect
finishingwith the water-potsand other small-handled tools on
the lowest hooks.
Every tool or utensil should have its place specimen. Collections of shrubbery plantsappear to be much
and be put away clean when
done with.
attended
their
entitle
them to. Little
less
to than
true merits
be done now
FRUIT
GARDEN.
can
except by way of preparation. Should the
It may appear somewhat
earlyto offer advice with regard to presentfrostyweather continue it will afford an opportunityof
frozen. By repeatedly
preparations for spring, but such is the pressure then that having all the compost heaps thoroughly
anything which can be done now to forward work should not be takingoff the encrusted surface and pilingit up every morning,
deferred.
If it can
be avoided let no alterations,
planting,"c., many of the insects and their eggs will be destroyed. It will
All the
also be a good time to cut turf sods,peat,"c.,and to layin a
interferewith the ordinarywork at that busy season.
KITCHEN

GABDEN.

JOURNAL

472

OF

HOETICULTURE

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

[ December

14,1871.

of soils most
essential for the growth of various
Protection.
As regards protection,
no
where there was
heat
flowers.
If leaden pegs are used for layeringCarnations to cause
in the coldest,
growth, we did not uncover
even
dullest
in preference days. In some
where litter was
cases
(andthese we should always recommend
face
scarce, we broke the surto Bracken
or
with a lightfork night and morning to prevent radiation.
Fern),a fresh stock may be prepared and the
old ones
cleaned and straightened. If the florist can
mend
his
When
there was
the likelihood of sunlight,frames with a little
heat below them were
own
hand-lights and shades,this ought now to be done, and
partlyuncovered, and a little air given
the metallic wire which has been used for attaching the stems
at the top to dissipatecondensed
moisture.
Protected hardy
of Carnations or Tulips to their supports, should
be made
plantswhere there is no artificial heat, should not be exposed
the temperature is from 6" to 10" below the
ready for use and stored away in its place till the returning to the sun when

good stock
plants and

"

renders it necessary.
Eibbits
weather
during severe
will be apt to attack Carnations
and Pinks ; it would be worth
while to try the plan of dipping small square
of
pieces cloth
into brimstone,tyingthem to sticks,
and insertingthe sticks in
the ground round the beds.
season

freezingpoint on the north side of a wall.

Cleaning Glass. At no time when the weather is favourable
is clean glassmore
If the water is heated
important than now.
a little the
cleansing will be done all the more
easily,
using
cloths and brushes.
If anything interruptsit is well to wash
"

the inside

of the glass in preferenceto the outside,which

be cleaned down
without taking off the sashes.
Great care
should also be taken not to break any glass now, and also to
liberal supply of water.
it
much
the
of
of earlycrops dependson
clean,as
success
border
of a conservatory,regard should
be
paid to keep
open
the transparencyof the glass.
their state of moisture.
If any signs of overdryness be apparent,
the
soil
the
situation
of
get
forked-up as deeply as
FEUIT
GAEDEN.
the roots will permit, and give them a good soaking of soft
Preparations may be made for all kinds of plantingwhere
rain water.
Two
three of such applicationsat short the ground is not too hard, but planting itself cannot be safely
or
or
intervals will do no harm, provided the flower buds are fast ventured
Thinning and pruning
upon in such frostyweather.
kind of treatment
swelling. The same
are
may be given to many
may be freelyproceeded with, but if any large branches
In the greenhouse a free cut off it is well to daub
plants in similar circumstances.
the cut parts with elay or paint to
admission
of air at all times,if the weather is favourable,
will keep out the wet and prevent decay. Dwarf
also be
trees may
ibe advantageous, at the same
time care should
be taken to
mulched
to keep the roots near
the surface,
and root-prnning
GREENHOUSE

Camellias

now

AND

CONSEEVATOEY.

swelling

their flower buds

will require a
When
they are planted out in the

can

as
and replanting
as much
possiblestrong currents of dry cold winds
will thus be rendered almost unnecessary.
jurious
passing through the house, as they are invariablyinOENAIIENTAL
DEPAEIMENT.
to vegetation. A few of the earliest and
strongest
Locked over and tied Azaleas and other plants. We do not
and Geraniums
used for forcingmay
Calceolarias,
Cinerarias,
like to see plantswith more
sticks than are absolutely
necessary,
have their final shift,givingeither 6 or 8-inoh pots according
now
and with a little looping and a ring of wire at the base,it is
to the size of the plants. After potting,let the shoots of
seldom that more
than one
stick is required. The rightway
the Geraniums
be carefully
as
pegged down as near
possibleto is to conceal as much
can.
of the supports as yon possibly
the rim of the pot without breaking. They will require to be
Many plantsin pitsought to be in houses, but we preferthat
watered
for a time, and placed as near
the glass as
sparingly
those which
stead
the
somewhat
in
are
dry inpits should become
be
should
possible. The generalcollection of Geraniums
now
of being exposed much
weather.
to the air in such
for
the
last
stopped-back
time, unless required to flower very Poinsettias and Euphorbias are in their glory,and Camellias
late in the season.
Azaleas
which
set their buds early,will
have
opening well. Scarlet Geraniums, doubles and singles,
into flower if placed in a warm,
soon
come
moist temperature, as
of flowers.
To have them at all good
yet yieldeda fine mass
and
of the early-bloomingRhododendrons
some
requirevery in the dark months, whether the plants are in 4, 6, or 10-inoh
little forcingto bring them into bloom
at any time after this
in summer
pots,theyshould not be allowed to bloom much
there is a good stock of these,and
season.
When, therefore,
and earlyautumn.
Brought in plenty of soil for potting,so
of Ghent
and other hardy Azaleas well set for bloom, a portion that
it might become
mellow, as much of the future health of
of the plants should be placed in heat at intervals of about
plants and their freedom from insects will depend on the
three weeks, and as they are very showy and last long in bloom,
warmth
of the soil used for potting. When
the frost goes, the
they will be invaluable.
Winter-bloomingplants in borders, harvesting
heaps of good soil might be proceededwith. We
such as Acacias and Lnculias,must be well suppliedwith water
find that by buildingin narrow
stacks we
can
always have the
at the roots, but plants which are a trest,
deciduous
especially
soil dry, when
it is an easy matter
to damp it if too dry. It
and
such
in
the
of
plants,
are
as
hardy
scarcely
temperature
there is a deficiency
of good fibrous soil,it is a good plan to
the conservatory,
cannot be kept too dry at the roots justnow.
char turf at once
then
iron plate or over
on
an
a fire,and
Bemove
decayingleaves daily,and re-arrange the plants in expose it to sweeten well before using.
Jbloom frequently.
We
would
again remind our readers that it is better to cover
COLD
FEAMES.
and pits get 5" to 10" lower in
a little,
to let houses
or even
These
afford the best accommodation
for the culture of
fire
temperature in this severe weather, than give too much
all greenhouse plants in summer,
but unless furnished
with
the plants must
heat. Of course
be kept safe,and except in
pipes,so that a little heat may be had to dry the atmosphere the case of those
blooming or swellingtheir buds, a comparative
and also to exclude frost,
occasionally,
they are not fit quarters
closer than
state of rest will be best, and if they are
for many
Plants which
plants in winter.
are
impatient of usual,should be kept cooler. We are often surprisedto see
damp will not bear being covered and shut up in severe weather, so
in cold weather, as we
of air admitted
large an amount
be done to exclude frost ; and although,in mild winters,
as must
believe that less air and less artificial heat would be better for
most
with
care
be wintered
greenhouse plants may
in cold
the plants,and they would be more
able to endure and benefit
frames, stillsuch plantsas Bjronias,Leschenaultias,Gomphoinias,
Looked
over
Aohimenes, Gesneras, Gloxby a bright sun.
to safer quarters at once.
lobiums,"c., should be removed
Caladiums, "e., laid down in a dormant state. Now is a
Water cautiously,
keeping rather on the dry side,but not to good time to placehardy shrubs,Roses, "o., in a gentlebottom
W. Eeane.
oxcess.
heat,beginning with but littletop heat. R. F.

prevent

from

"

"

DOINGS

OF

THE

LAST

WEEK.
TRADE

KITCHEN

RECEIVED.

CATALOGUES

GAEDEN.

Hue da Bepos 43, a la

J. B. Guillot pi'i-e),
JosephSchwartz (late
has been done exceptwheeling-outmanure,
and laying
Gnilloticre,
Lyon. Catalogueof Bases,1871-2.
it down
in lines. A good rubbish-heap suppliesvaluable
Martin
" Son, Cottiugliam,
and 7, Market
Hall.
Place,
Qatalogue
and should contain a largeamount
of litter and short
manure,
of Forest,Fruit,and Ornamental Trees,Shrubs, d:c.
to make

Little

"

"

grass
gases.

it heat well,with earth to absorb the fertilising

A littlesalt is a good addition,and a littlelime accelerates

decomposition.It

always advisable to have several

the oldest one
with soil ; then leave
it for some
time before using it. We
careful of placingin
are
it any plants or seeds which
are
likelyto resist the influence
of the heat and
disseminate
themselves
noxious
weeds.
as
Thus managed a good rubbish-heapis much better than manure
taken from an open exposed yard.
and to
yubbish-heaps,

cover

TO

is

K'.B.

"

CORRESPONDENTS.

Many questionsmust

remain

unanswered

imtil

next

week.
roots require
Roses
own
Roots
on
their
{E. T. B.). Roses on their own
great cnre for three years tilltheir roots are strong. You will see
From
this week's Jouruil.
in last and
select lists of thirty-six Roses
s"lect with safety. The easiest way to obtain Roses
those lists you can
the
roots is to buy them
the Manetti stook and coyer
their own
on
on
"

JOURNAL

474

HOKTICULTURK

OF

AND

Scheezerianum
Culture
(S. T.). It should be grown in
Use for it a compost of two parts fibrous
part of the stove.
like quanfibrous loam, half a part lump charcoal, and
a
tity
of silver sand, just potting so as to cover
the roots, and earfacLng
with
The plant requires moisture both at tbe roots and in
sphagnum.
Anthurium

"

tlie warmest

part

peat, one

atmosphere.

the

it in pots
(Idem)." We presume
yon grow
to be kept rather dry
in a greenhouse or conservatory. It ougbt now
it with plenty of
and safe from frost. lu February pot it and encourage
to give water
dantly
abunContinue
moisture, shiftinginto largerpots in May.
place it out of doors in an open situation and
up to Aufiust, then
keep it dry, returning it to the protection of a pit or house in winter, aud
keeping it moderately dry. It will flower when
strong enough. It will
and one
thrive well in soil consisting of two parts fibrous loam
part leaf

LiLiUM

CULTURE

GiGANTEUM

well-rotted manure,

soil or

with

free admixture

"

Primulas

Short

Flower-stems

(St.HoHore)." Your fine plants

a temperature
of 45", and weak
liquid
all that could be desired.
We
them
have
a practicalillustration of this in about
a hundred
plants in 7-inch pots
on
the shelves of a Peach-house, where
well and
are
they have grown
covered with flowers, but these are lost in the foliage. In a greenhouse
of plants, and they are
have twice that number
we
far more
efi'ective
from
having much longerflower-stems, aud the difference in temperature
is only 5".
with

with

trusses

only

a-week,

to make

numerous

once

manure

need

OxALis
Culture
(E. H.). You do not say what varieties you cultivate,
we
presume
they are the ordinary greenhouse kinds, as O.Bowei,
fioribunda,rubella,speciosa,"c. If so, place several bulbs in pots 6 or
and
7 inches in diameter, well dramed, using two parts light turfy loam
"one
of sharp sand.
part leaf soil,with a free admixture
They require to
the glass, and
be kept near
to have
an
abundant
supply of water when
The
kinds
rest at different
growing, with slightshade from bright sun.
times, and
ought at those periods to be kept dry, but not dust-dry,
therefore water occasionally. Repot when they begin to grow.
Stocks
Piramid
not
for
Plums
are
{Amateur). Plums
successfully
Brussels
stock
the general practice. The
grafted,but are best budded"
is most
used ; but for your
the Mussel
is preferable,
commonly
purpose
especiallyfor strong-growing kinds, as Golden Gage, Magnum
Bonum,
"

but

"

and

Victoria.

[ December

U, 1871.

As generallyof late,the entry of Spanishfowls was

very
all the winning pens of this breed were
much better than
those exhibited at even
the largestof our
The
Game
recent shows.
Bantams were
not only of great merit, but there was
an
unusually

limited,but

largeentry. In the Sellingclasses were to be found many pens of

and as the Show
well attended by a large
was
unexceptionable
quality,
number
of anxious purchasers,
fair proportion
of the pens in
a very
classes changedhands.
each of the Selling
We
remember
never
seeingso many pens of Carrier Pif/eonsall in
such
and all good,
high condition at any show, and among
so many
of judging. Almonds
and Pouters
greatmust have been the difficulty
also very fine, and the Dragoons and Antwerps well deserve
were
onr

CnRYSANTHEMUMS
FLOWERING
AFTER
(B. B.). We should cut away
the old stems, place the plants in a cold fi-ame,
and insert cuttings from
'ibem singly in small pots. They will root well in the house in which the
for cuttings the stifi" shoots that come
Choose
plants have flowered.
from
3 to 5 inches long.
The
old plants will aflford a
the base and are
number
of cuttings from now
when
as
as
up to April,and
you have
many
turn out the plants into tbe open
borders.
The
you
require you may
cuttings will form better plants than old plants retained for another
year.

GARDENER.

winners.

of sand.

Manure
Liquid
for
Azaleas
safely
(Georoc)." Indian Azaleas
may
have liquid manure
when they are swelling the buds.
There is no better
for this purpose
manure
than one
peck of sheeps' droppings to thirty
Stir well up before use, and apply the liquid at every
gallons of water.
alternate
watering, taking care that it is at the same
temperature as the
air of the house.
An ounce
of guano
is also a good
to a gallon of water
application ; so is a peck of soot to twenty gallons of water.

COTTAGE

favourable mention.

Dorkings.

1. R. Wood.
Clapton, Thrapstone.
2, Mrs. G. Clarke, Satlon
Chickens.
Long Sutton. S, Henry Lmf^wood, Barking:, Needham
Market.
1. F. Parlett, Great
Baddow.
2, Rev. E. Bartrum, Great
Berkhampstead.
3, R. Wood,
he, A. Darby, Bridtmorth : J. Watts, KIdr's Heath, Birmingham.
1
Cochin'-China
or
and Cup, H. LInyd, jun.. Handsworth.
(Cinnamon
Buff).
2, Henry Lintrwood. 3, J. K. Fowler, Aylesbury,
c, E. R. Gray, Kensington.
Cochin-China
"!, H. Lloyd.
(.\ny other variety)."!, C. Howard, Peckbam.
3, P. H. Jones, Fulham.
he, Horace
Lintrn'ood, CreetinfT, Needham
Market;
J. K. Fowler,
C. H. Lucas.
Edith Weston, Stamford.
c. Rev.
Cochis-China
(Any colour)." Chickeyis.
1, J. Lons, Plymouth.
2, Horace
Linffwood. 3, Henry Lingwood.
he,H. Lloyd, jun. c, A. Cole, Colchester; J.
"

Marsh,

"

"

"

Fowler.
Er^ma
Pootra
(Light) "1, H. Dowsett, Pleshey. Chelmsford.
2, M. Leno,
Street.
Markvate
3, J. Long,
he, J. Moore, Rothwell, Northampton.
BR.iHMA
Pootra
St.
1 and
(Dark).
Meant,
Cup, T. F. Ansdell, Cowlev
Helen's.
2, W. Adams, St. Clement's, Ipswich.
S, J. Watts,
he, T. Norfolk,
W.
Stevens, Northampton: J. H. Cuff. HoUoway
Bury St. Edmunds:
; Horace
W.
F.
R.
Linftwood.
e,
Cutlack, jun., Littleport ;
Coales, Longstanton.
BR.A.HMA
Pootra
1. P. Haines. Palgrave, Diss.
(Any variety)." Chickens.
3. J. Watts,
2, Dr. Ho'mes, Whitecotes, Chesterfield.
he. Rev. J. D. Peake,
Laleham
; J. Bloodworth,
Cheltenham; B. S. Lo^\'nde3.
c, T. F. Upsher,
Sutton, lale or Ely.
Ga:\ie
1
and
(Black or Brown
Red).
2, J.
Cup, A. Fludyer, Uppingham.
3. W.
Fletcher.
Stoneclough, Manchester.
Boyes, Beverley, he. J. Fletcher;
R. Postle, Gazeley. Newmarket,
A. C. Swain, Buckingham;
c, H. E. Martin,
Stowmarket
Scnlthorpe, Fakenham
; S. Matthew,
; R. Hall, Cambridge.
Worcester.
Game
(Auv other variety)."! and 3, R. Hall.
2, E. Winwood,
he. J. Fletiiher; W. BuUen, Cambridge (2).
Game
I, H. E. Martin.
2 and
(Any colonr}." Chickens."
he,J. Fletcher, 3,
R. Hall,
Mrs. Paget, Hoxne. Scole.
c, Hon.
Hamburghs
Lowestoft.
and
(Gold-spangled). "1
3, S. ". K.
2, L. Wren,
he. C. PHmley,
Ashton,
Motlrara.
Love,
Kingsthorpe.
Wolverhampton
; T.
K. Tirkner. Ipswich ; J. Watts
Denton, Manchester.
c, W.
; T. Walker, jun
" Booth, Broadbottom,
Hajieurghs
(Silver-spangled)." 1 and Cup, Ashtim
Mottram.
2 and he, J. B- Bly, Lowestoft.
3, A. AinsUe.
Hamburghs
(Gold-pencilled)."1, W. K. Tickner.
2, R. R. Parker, Ipswich.
he, A. Cole, Long Sutton ; C. W. Gibbs, S'lttou Bridge.
3, J. Walker, Birstwith.
HAUnuRGHs
(Silver-pencilled)."!,J. Walker.
2, N. H. Scott, Northampton.
3, W. Mansfield, Cambridge.
Spanish."
1. Nichols
3, H.
Bros., Camberwell.
2, H. Brown, Putney Heath.
"
W.
R. Bull, Newport
Burch
Sheflaeid.
F. Cooper,
he,
Boulter,
Pagne'l.
c,
French."
3, J. K.
1, J. J. Maiden, Biggleswade.
2, W. Dring, Faversham.
Fowler,
he, J. S. Price, Potter's Bar ; E. Pritchard. Tettcnhall ; Mrs. J. Cross,
O. Quibel,
Appleby VicaraLrc, Brigg; C. H. Smith, RadcUffe-on-Trent
; W.
Newark,
Cutlack, Littleport.
c, W. Burrows, Diss ; W.
Any
other
Varietv
except
Bantajis.
K. Patrick, West
Winch,
!, W.
3. T. Walker,
he, Mi^a E. J. N. Hawker,
Lynn.
2, R. Wilkinson, Guildlord.
Dliss Mill, Rickmansworth
Tunbridge Wells; G. Boothby, Louth;
; P. H.
Jones.
2. Hon.
Gamr
Bantams
(Black or Brown
Red)." 1,W. E. Jeffries,
Ipswich.
Bank.
Rawtenstall.
Jlrs. Paget.
he, C. H. Webb,
3, T. Sharpies, Forest
Chelmsford
(2); H. L. Cocksedge, Woolpit, Suff'olk ; T. Barker, Burnley; W. B.
Jeffries,Ipswich ; Bellingham " Gill,Burnley ; J. Eaton, Famslield.
c, G. B.
Francis; H. C. Hill.
" Gill. S,
Game
Bantims
(Any other variety). !, J. Eaton.
2, Bellingham
T. Sharpies,
he, Rev. F. Cooper, Ampney
Cmcis; T. Barker; Bellingham and
Gill ; ". Ainslie.
Stratford.
Stonv
Ban'tams
(Any other variety). 1 and Cup, B. S. Lowndes,
M.
Leno.
Reed.
J.
Bloodworth
C.
(2); M. Leno
Cambridge,
he.
2.
3,
; C. Reed
B. S. Lowndes,
c, C. Reed
{-2).
Selling
Cocfc."!. W. K. Patrick.
Class."
2, Miss Mill. 3, F. A. Cole,
he.
C. H. Lucas
Rev.
(2); H. Lloyd, jun.; C- Bayes, Ifettering ; W. liing, jun.,
P. H.
A. Darby, Bridgnorth: F. Parlett; A. C. Swain; C.Howard;
Cambridge:
H.
W.
c.
Mi'3.
F.
L.
Jones,
Mansfield, Cambrilge; J.
Stevens;
Cocksedge;
K. Patrick ; H. P. Moore, Langley Lodge. ChippenS. Price ; W.
Burrows
ham
; W.
J.J. Maldou
(2); Dr. Campbell, Brentwood;
; H.
; R. Hall (2); W. Bhch
Dowsett
: T. M. Derry, Gedney.
Class."
Ht^HS or Pullets.
Northampton.
2, H.
Selling
1, P. Passmore,
he. Rev. C. H. Lucas
Griss, Ipswich.
3, C. Bayes.
(2); W. K. Patrick; T.
Lord
H.
M.
T. Boulter;
H. Dowsett.
G. Manners;
c, J. Walker;
Derry;
Llnyd, jun. ; W. King, jun. ; W. Mansfield
; R. Hall : A. H. Moycs
(2); T. Love,
J. B. Lakoman,
Ipswich; O. W.
Kings th orpe ; J. F. Lov*"raidge, Newark;
Nichols
Rev.
F.
Tearlc
C.
Howard;
Southampton;
(2);
Hoare, Woolston,
K.

"

"

"

"

Pruning
Cupressus
and
Arbor
Vit.^ (Idem). You may
cut them in
much
as you
like,removing ihe strong growths in April. The upper
leave
the
part will need to be the most restrained,and there you should
weaker
growths, as well as in other parts of the trees.
They are kept in
bounds
as
bushes.
The
easily as the Yew, and form quite as handsome
pruning should be done with a knife.
"

as

Peaches

Glass
under
(Zrf^mj.-^Threegood sorts are Noblesse, Grosse
aud
Malta.
Barrington is also excellent. We presume
they
to be planted out.

Mignonne,
are

PiCEA NOBiLis."
The
"th inst. by Mr. Freeman
years old.
Names

cones
were

shown
the
before the Floral Committee
on
from a tree 53 feet high, not fifty-eight

Fruits

(T. V.)."1, Alfriston ; 2, Scarlet Leadington ; 3. Suf4,Beauty o! Kent;

Gibbons'; 6, Dutch
5, Sir William
9, Dumelow's
Seedling ; 10, Robs Nonpareil.
Names
Plants
of
(C.)."Biota orientalis,also called Thuja orientalis.
(G. ".)." 1,Eupatorium glabratum ; 2, Duranta
Baumgartii. Its flowers
are
by no means
attractive,and are, we
believe, very rarely produced.
Its foliage is its chief attraction.
(J. J. D.)."l, Polystichum angulare,
var.
proliferum ; 2, P. angulare, typical state ; 3, P. aculeatum, in a youug
condition.
(E. S.). 1, Pteris semipiunata; 2, Asplenium flabelliforme ;
The
3, Polypodium vacciniifolium.
Fungus is a species of Clavaria.
of

Cap;

Flat

Tey

Mignonne

; 7 and

"

POULTRY,

AND

BEE,

PIGEON

"

"

"

Bros.
land
Ducks."
T. F. Upsher:
Dowsett; Miss

CHRONICLE.

S. Rev. J. Richardson, Sandy

Rectory, he,
2, J. K. Fowler.
J. Iving, jun. (2); U- Marshnll, Cambridge: H
Burrows;
Whittleford
(2). c, W. H.Baker(2); W. King\

W.

Mill; C. Thurnall,

PIGEONS.
2, W. Massey.
S. H. M. Maynard,
Cocfc."l and Cup. E. Walker.
Ryde.
he,F. W. Metcalfe, Cambridge ; W. Woolley. c, L. Wren

Carriers."

CAMBRIDGE

POULTRY

SHOW.

Holmewood,

In

of long-established
spiteof the great number
poultryshows now
the CambridgePoultryExhibition,though
"taking
placealmost daily,
successful
More
than
first attempt, proved a most
a
seven
one.

hundred

pens

were

entered,chieflyfrom tbe

most

renowned

of

our

yards.
j)oultry
Oamc

were
so
that thoyappearedto excite more
good throughout,
A remarkably
public interest than any other division of the Show.
fine pen of Brown Reds were
the cup-winners,
howvery closelypressed,

"676r,

by

another

of Manchester.

pen

By

of the
some

thrown out
entirely
the chicken classes
Idiifjs

were

of tbe

old birds

same

colour,exhibited by

Mr.

J.

Fletcher,

birds
Mr. Mathews's
neglectin the entries,
of competition.
In both Cochins and Dorthe
to
far
were
adults,most
preferable
very

having as yet scarcelyrecovered from their moult.

throughoutformed a strong feature of the Show, the darkof the two breeds ;
a
whole,beingthe most praiseworthy
chickens of any colour,and
flevertbeleaa,in an open class for Brahma
with a very goo d eutry,a reallygood pen of Light ones
the
were
Brahnas

as
feathered,

C. Minson.
He n." 1, Cup, and 3, F. W. Metcalfe.
he, J. Baker ;
2.E. Walker,
Carriers.E. Walker
(beak
F. W. Metcalfe
; W. Woolley.
Disqualified,
; H. M. Maynard
wattle cut).
2 and
Carriers"
yof("fT."l, E. Walker.
3, F. W. MetcaUo.
c, J. Baker;
F. W. Metcalfe
Massey, Spalding ; H. M. Maynard.
; K. Hall : W.
ing.
an^ 3, F. Gresham, Shefford.
2. Spencc " Styles,KetterCt"c?i-."!
Pouters."
P. H.
he, G. H. Gregory; J. E. Palmer, Peterboroueh ; T.
Jones,
I'/ic,
ing;
KetterT. Rule : G. Sturgess, Leicester
e, J. Barber.
(2);P. H. Jones,
Adams;
W. Nottage; W. B. Van Haausbergen, Newcast!e-ou-Tyne
; P.
T.Adams;
H. Jones,
He*!.- 1 and 3, F. Gresham.
Footers.2, G. Sturgess. lie,J. E. Palmer;
W. Nottage, Northampton.
."l?H)0'(rt. 1, 2. 3, Rud
Any other
TuMRLFRS.Cup, J. Braid, Cambridge.
J.
Variety." I and 3, W J. Woodhouse.
2, R, Minnitt.
he, W.J. Woodhouse;
W. B. Van
Watts;
Haansberg.?n.
BuUen.
Van
J.
"
C.
and
W.
B.
8, H. M.
Barbs
-1
Cup,
Haansbergen. 2,
Maynard.
c, R. Hall; P. H. Jones.
ampton,
2, J. Thompson,
Binglcy.
Jacobins."!. W. Massev3, T. Adams, NorthJ. Thompson
c
; W. Bishop,
he, F. Wait ; W. B. Van Haansbergen.
"

Diirchester.
3, J.
Fantails.
!, W. B. Van
Haansbergen.
2, J. T. Cntpr. Colchoatcr.
Walker,
he, J. Walker, Newark; J. F. Loversidgo. c, H. Yardley, Birmmghain.
"

JOURNAL

14, 1871. 1

December

COTTAGE

AND

HORTICULTURE

OF

8, W.
2, G. South. London.
TuRBiTS."
1, E. T. Dew, 'Weston-super-Mare.
Street, London
; P. H. Jon"a.
ffuilJ. Cutler,
c, W. GoiWard, Stanhope
H.
he, \V. Massey;
1. G. South.
2, W. Bishoo.
S, P. H. Jones,
Dragoons."
; G. H. Gregory.
Yardley. c, F. Graham, Birkenhead
2, Spenco and
Antwerps
(For flying purposes)."!,J. J. Sparrow, London.
(2); J. W. ColUnson, Halifax, c, J. S.
Styles. 3. T. KintJ. he, J. J. S narrow
jun., Colchester
('2)
; F. W. Metcalfe.
Dew
; F. Harwood,
he,
Any
Variety."
1. W. Goddard.
other
2, J. S. Price. 8, J. " C. BuUen.
Mowbray,
W. Gamble,
c,
-J. S. Price; C. Norman;
Thorpe Satchville, Melton
W. Gamble;
G. H. Gregory (2);"W. Bishop; J. Watts; T. Rule; W. B. Van
Haansbergen
; H. Yardley.
2, F. Waitt, King's
Gl".ss." Si nole Cock or Pair."l, W. Notta^e.
Selling
man,
Heath.
S, T. Rule, Durham,
Birmingham.
he, J. Braid, Cambridge ; C. Norson
; J. Thomp"Westerfield.Ipswich (2); J. Barber, Kettering ; J. T. Cater (2)
H. Tnurlow, BurnJ.
T.
S.
Pi'ice
F.
Graham
J.
E.
Palmer,
J.
Cater;
;
;
;
c,
liam Market, Lynn.
Members'
Cup for the best pen of Carriers" F. W. Metcalfe.
J. Braid.
Members'
Cup for the beat pen of Tumblers"
F. W. Metcalfe.
Prize for the best pen
of Pigeons exhibited
by any member"

475

GARDENER.

GxsLE.-Blaek
and other neda." Cockerel." \, T. W. Mitchell.
2, R. Stewart.
Pullets," \, D. Harlev.
2. C. Jamieson.
3, J. Snott. ha, D. Harley; J. Rooeh.
e,Q.
S, T. W. Mitchell, he, 3. Scott; -J.Wishart; J. W. Will ; H.Archibald.
3, A. S. Brewster.
Coc/m."1, A. Stephens.
Harley; J. Blair.
2, J. W. Will.
3, J. Anderson,
2, J. W. Will.
he, D. Harley.
Hens."l, D. Harlev.
other Coloar."Gockcreh.-^,
D. Harley.
2,W. Scott. 3, J.Blair.
Gr\^m.~Any
Cocks."
Pullets." \, 5. Lyall. 2, A. Milne.
he, A. S. Brewster.
3, D. Harlev.
1 and
Hem."
I and 3, D. Harley.
Cup, D. Harley. 2, J. Anderson.
3, A. Milne.
he, J. W. Will.
2, H. Goodal.
and
HATaEURGns."Simnoled."Cock.-l
Medal, W. R. Park.
2, Mrs. Brown.
3, J. Watson,
he, W. M'lQtoah.
Hens."l, S. " R. Ashton. 2, J. W. Will. 3, J.
W. Blakey.
R. Dickson.
he, D. Annan;
B.A.:iiBVRGH3." Pencilled."
Cock." 1, J. Kerv. 2, D. Cheyne.
3, A. Pratt. he,L,
M'Donald
Hens."l, R. Dickson.
R. Park,
; J. W. Will ; W.
c, A. B. Cranston.
3 and he, J. Walker.
2, W. R. Park.
he, G.
BANTAais."
Ga"ie." Cocfc." Cup, J. Barlow.
2, G. Hall. 3. G. Todd,
M'Millan
(2); G. Dowie; T. 0. " E.
; G. Bell; J. Scott; E. " J. T. Hudson
Hen9."l,J. W.Will.
R. Brownlie.
c, F. L. Roy;
Newbitt(ii);R. Brownlie.
Gill ; Misa
3, G. Hnll.
2, G. Todd.
he, J. W. WiU ; J, Archibald
; BeUingham"
R

" Robinson.
3, H.
2, Lewin
'R\BBn:s."
Lop-eared. "1 and Cup. H. Thurlow.
Doncaster.
he, J. E. Pa'raer; C. King; J. Quick, e, T. E.
Cawood,
Thome,
;
Milton; J. AV. B. Rooke
Terry. Shawfield. Tong; R. Hall; Mrs. Passingham.
J. Quick.
2, A.
J. A.'Clough;
Any other Variet}/."!, "W. Cory, Northampton.
he, T. E. Terry; W. W.
B. Simpson,
Trumpington.
S, J. Allen, Ampthill.
Robinson, Cambridge ; A. H. Easten, Hull, c, T. Adams.

The

Judges

Mr.

were

Birmingham, and

Hewitt, of

Edward

Mr.

of London.
Tegetmeier,

C. Frew,
c, G. Dowie.
other
3, J.
Bk^TA^is.-Ani/
Variety.-Cock."I, J. W. Will. 2, T. Watson.
Sichel.
he, A Johnston; W. Rutherford
Hejis."l,MiBS P.
(2);S. " R. Ashton.
P.Frew.
J. W. Will; J. Sichel.
2, T.Watson.
3, S. " R. Ashton.
/ic,
Scotch
Greys."
/ic,T. Lawrie.
1, W. Coke.
2, W. Gibb.
3, D. Waldie.
1 and
Anv
Variety.
other
Cup, J. Sichel (Criive-Cceur).
2, C. Sidgwick
(Black Hamburgh).
3, W. R. Park (Creve-Ccear).he, Mrs. Cross ; Miss Drummond; J. Sichel.
Will.
2, J. W.
3, Commander
D-ucKs.-Aylesbury."l and Cup, E. Leech.
G. F. Lyon,
G. F. Lyon ; J. W. Will ; W. Rutherford,
he. Commander
c, J.
"

Fotheringham.
Ducks.-

Thomson;

POULTRY

DORKING
The
twelfth annual Show
"took place on the 7th inst.

of
The

SHOW.

Dorkings,Ducks, Geese, and Taikeys

awards

were

as

follow :

"

Coloured." 1 M. Putney, Dorking. 2, J. Smith, Shillinglee Park,

DoRKiUGS."
Petworth.
he, H. Humphrey,
3, F. Parlett.
Ashington; W. H. Robson, North
Chickens.
A. Brassey, Nnrmanhurat
c. Miss
Court. Battle.
Reaton, Louth,
U, Mrs. Wheatley, Ingatestone. 2, J. Clif ^,Dorking.
3, Rev. E. Bartrum, Great
-Berkh amp
stead,
; H.
S.
he. Miss A. Brassey: G. Ellis, Ashcroft, Bet^ihworth
M. Putney,
B, Boxall,
Fraser.
c, W.
Headley, Eetersfield; H. Humphrey;
Strathfieldsave; H. S. Fraser; H. Humphrey.
Rev.
E.
Bartrum.
.T.Clif
t.
J.
(Colouved).--Coefceref."1,
Clift ;
DoREiNQ
he,
2,
G. Cubitt, M.P., Denbies, Dorking;
Mrs. Meek, Brantridge Park, Balcombe;
Pullets.
M. Putney;
Mrs. Wheatley.
I, Mrs. Wheatley.
2, W. B- BoxaU.
St. Loe, Bristol;
Miss J. Millward, Newton
7(c,Miss A. Brassey ; Mrs. Meek;
M. Putney, c, H. Humphrey.
"

2, H.

Rutherford.

i?one?i." 1, W.
J. Thomson.

Stephenson. 3, E.

Leech,

he, W.

Ducks."
3, H. B. Smith.
Any other Variety." 1, W.Burns.
2, T. Clarkson.
he, H. B. Smith ; S. " R. Ashton
c, J. J. Maiden,
; S. H. Stott.
TvRKEYS."
2, Mias M. R. Meli'ose.
3, Duke
Norfolk." Young.-l. J. Wilson.
of Buccleuch.
Old "1 and 2, J. Wilson.
of Buceleueh.
3, Duke
TvRKEYs
"Any other Variety." Young." l,E.l4(ia.ch.2,Lady G.Montgomery.
3, T.
Old."l and Cup, E. Leech.
Lady G. Montgomery.
3, Mrs. Somerville.
L. M. Gartwright.
Geese."
1, S. H. Stott. 2, E. Leech.
3, H. Stephenson.

Mr.

Teebay was

the

Judge.

HYDE

SHOW.

POULTRY

"

OPRN
TO
MEMBERS.
2 and Extra, W. Fell, WestCoZourftZ.- 1 and Extra, M
Putnev.
DoEKiSGS."
Chickens."
cott.
he, H. Mills.
3 and
Extra, E. May, Dorking,
1, J. Clift.
he, M. Putney; J. W^ood, Westcott.
c, J. Clift;
2, W. Fell. 3, M. Putney,
-J. Constable, Leatherhead
; G. Ellis,Ashcroft, Betchwor'h
; T. H. Perks.
Coloured"
T"oRKitJG3."
Hens.
1, G. Cubitt, M.P.
2, J. R. Corbett. Betcliworth.
he,J. Clift ; T. H. Perks ; M. Putney, c, G. Hine ; M. Putney ; J. Wood.
PiiUeis." 1,J. Clift. 2, W. Fell,
/ic,G. EUis ; H. MiUs ; M. Putney,
c, D. B.
Green.
M. Putney.
Coiowrtfrf."Cocfc."l,
DoREiNGS."
2, E. T. Bennett, Betchworth.
he, M. Putney (2). c, J. Clift ; W. Fell.
Coekercl."l.J. Clift. 2, J. Wood,
Mrs. Miiyo, Dorking.
2, G. A. Fuller,Dorking.
BoRKiuGS."Bhie-speekled.'"l,
G. Hine,
Philps. Chieketis"T..
c, W.
2, Mrs. Mayo.
3, G. Hine, Westcott
3,
Guildford,
Westcott.
W. Messenger, Wonersh,
he, W. Griffin,
c, R. Eldridge,
Westcott ; W. Philps ; J. Young, Dorking.
DoKKiNGs."JBi"c-sjJt'cfcied."Cocfc."Prize, J. Rowe, Dorking, he, R. Gamou,
Hens
or
PuiZefs." Prize,J.Young,
he, G. Hine; Mrs.
Westcott; Mrs. Mayo.
Kamsev, Shere
G. Cubitt, M.P.
2, W- Attlee.
3, Lady M. Legge. e,
BoRKmGS."Whitc."l,
Chickens.
W. Attlee; W. F. Watson,
Henfold, Capel.
1, J. Attlee.
2, R.
Wood, Betchworth.
3, C. Maw, Dorking.
he, J. Attlee.
Hens
Dorkings."
TF/ifie.-Coc/i-.-Prize,H. Mills,
or Pullets.
he, G. Hine2, J. Attlee.
"1, W. F. Watson.
-1, J. B. NichoUs.
2, W. F. Wataon.
Any Bi-eed."l and
DvcKfi."Aijlesburn.
3 and Extra, Mrs. J. Sturgeas,
2, Extra, and he,J. R. Corbett.
Extra, G. Hine.
Leatherhead.
2 and Extra, Mrs.
1 and Extra, J. Wooi.
J. Sturgess. 3 and Extra,
Geese."
Goslinos."l, Mrs. J. Sturgess.
W. F. Watson,
c, W. Attlee.
he, W. Messenger,
2, G. Hine.
he,W. Messenger, Wonersh, Guildford,
c, W. Attlee ; H. Lainson,
"

"

Keigate.
Turkeys."
1, Sir R. A. Glass,
Constable
Messenger.
; W.

Judge.

"

Mr. Matthew

Ashurst, Dorking.

2, W.

F. Watson,

he, J.

Hedley,Kedhill.

EDINBURGH

POULTRY

SHOW.

been

held

in the

engaged

of the

none

management

actingCommittee had previously

rangements
of a poultry
show, the generalar-

of the Hyde Show

were
very creditable. Messrs. Turner's
engagedfor the occasion,and so far as the Concert Room is
pens
suited for the purpose, the position
of the pens could not have been
improved.
a
were
Strange to say, DorJcings
very limited entry, though the
singular,only a solitary
prizebirds were
very good,and yet more
were

entry

took both,
Mr.
Ansdell
made
in the class for Cochins.
Bvalimas with his well-known Dark
birds,but there were

was

prizesfor

excellent pens of this breed shown, even

many
A few good Game fowls were
but the
exhibited,

the

Hamhurghs.

good

were

pens

ever

seen
were

classes.
Selling

in the

of the Show

cream

were

if such
it is very questionable
The
side by side at any show.
Spangled,
breeders
of
th6
the
to
reputation
quiteequal

In Black

also, of both colours

Hamburghs

the majorityof
be forgotten. Mr.
of this
attractions
general
first Show, by the entry of several pens of very excellent Polands.
The Ducks were
good, and the winningGeese and Turkeys
particularly
were
pens from the noted yard of Mr. Leech, of Rochdale.
The music galleryformed a very good position
for the display
of a
but a side lightfrom
each
largeand excellent collectionof Pigeons.,
obscure this division of the Show.
Few
direction rendered somewhat
of the visitors anticipatedseeing so perfect
a collection of Pigeons,
breeders in the kingdom.
by many of the most distinguished
supported
could devote more
No committee
willingand earnest attention to the
doubt annual and
of the birds under
their care, and no
well-doing
successful meetingswill be the result.
of

in this district; the

such as once
seen

Hamburghs

those shown
Peter

was

Unsworth

Dorkings.-

This

that

Considering

contributed

1 and

he,W.

H.

much

"spangling"of
could

never

to the

Kiag, Moss

2, E. Smith, Pass

Mills, Rochdale.

the

6th,7th,and 8th inst. It should be considered mans, Rochdale.

Cochin'-Chinas.
3, No competition.
1,J. Railton, Manchester.
not he admitted
to that portionof the build"whether more
ing
1 and
Brahma
Pootras."
(Dark), c, J. Finchett,
2, T. F. Ansdell, St. Helens
where the poultry
is exhibited,so that the birds in the centre pens
jun,, Chester (Dark) : J. Railton (Dark); G. B. Goodfellow, Hyde (Dark).
2. J. Frith, Chatsby spectators. The pens were most injudiciously Game." BZrtcfc or Brown Red." I, J. Jones, Nantwich, ShefSeld.
snay be better seen
woith.
2, J. Frith.
Any other Variety." 1, C. Travis, Thurgoland,
placedin tiers of three,the lowest being nearly on the ground; the a, G. Frith.
was

on

lightcould

birds in them
small.

could be

"

seen

with

The
difficulty.

pens

were

also too

Spanish."

Cocftere^.-l. A. Shepherd.
2. R. Dickie.
3, Mrs. Gracie.
he, J.
PwiZefs.- 1,W. Paterson.
"W.Will; Mrs. Gracie; W. Paterson.
2,A. Shepherd.
Cocfc." Cup, R. Waugh.
3, W. Rutherford.
3. Master
A. Rid2. A. Shepherd.
2, Mrs. Gracie.
peth. Hen."l, A. Shepherd.
3, W. Rutherford.
Coloured."
DoRKit^GS."
Cockerels." 1, Mrs. M'Donald.
2, D. Gellatly. 3, J.
Robb.
he, T. Raines ; L. M'Donald
; A. Ha[:rgart; J. Rutherford,
c, A. Haggart.
Pitikis.- 1. J. Fethermghara.
2,Mrs. Morrison.
A. Haggart ;
3, D. Gellatly. ftc.
Mrs.
Chalmers,
c, D. Gellatly. Coek."
Cay, D. Gellatly. 2, J. Gibson.
3, J.
W.Will,
1. A. Haggart.
/ic,D.Annan,
c. A. Haggart. Hens."
2, D. Gellatly.
T.
Briden.
Miss
H.
R.
Llnd
he.
A.
3,
c,
Shepherd.
DoRKitJGs."Siluer.-Cockereh."l, J. Currnr.
2, D. Forrester.
3, Lady G.
Montgomery,
he, T. Rainea ; G. F. Lyon ; W. Leslie. Pullets." 1, J. Cunning2 and
liam.
3. J. Curror.
Meff.
he, A, M. Sanderson
G. Mont; W.
gomery.
c, Lady
Chalmers.
Bart.
Coeks.-I,
2, Sir J. D. Wauchope,
3, Lady
Baird.
Hens."l, T. Raines.
2, W. Meff. 3, D. Annan,
gomery;
lie.Lady G. MontLady Baird.
Cochins."
CocfcercZ.-l, R. Williamson.
2, J. Sichel. 3, J. W. Will,
he, R.
Pullets." 1, J. W.
Will.
Boyle ; W. Fraser.
2, H. White.
3, C. Sidgwick.
Oswald
M
rs.
Coek.-l, C. Sidgwick. 2, J. Sichel,
; J. Sichel.
Jic,
S, J. W. Will.
He7W
"Cup, J. Sichel (White), 2, J. W.Will.
J. Sichel :
3, C. Sidgwick. ?ic,
"

W. Meff.
Brahmas."
Gillison.
Cocfcfire/s."
land3,Mrs.
2, R. Brownlie.
he.T. Raines;
J. Stuart,
Mrs. Harvey;
Will.
Pullets." 1 and 2, J. Stuart.
c, J. W.
3, J. W.
WiUCocfts." 1, R.
/iC,J. W.Will
; Mrs. Gillison; J. Stuart
(2). c, T. Raines.
Brownlie.
2, Mrs. Gillison.
3, Lady Baird.
Hens."l, J. Sichel. 2, T. Raines.
G. F. Lyon.
S, J, W. Will, ho, Commander

Hamburghs.-

Go Zd-siJaH(7
Zed." 1 and

2, J. Buckley, Taunton,

Ashton-under-

Lyne. he, W. A. Hyde, Hurst, Ashton-under-Lyne.

e, S. " R. Ashton, Mottram
N. Marlow, Denton.
Siiver-spangled.-land 2, Ashton " Booth, Broadbottom,
Mottram.

Gold-pencilled." 1, AbMon

Edenfleld,Bury.

2, S. " R. Ashton.

" Booth.

1, G. Farness,
Silver-pencilled."

Rawtenstall.

e, R. Pickles,
and
2,Ashton

Booth,
c, E. Siddall, Rawtenstall.
French.^7(.y Variety." 1, C. H. Smith, Ra del iffe-on-T rent (Creve-Coeur).
2 and e, G. W. Hibbert, Manchester
(Creve-Cceur). he, J. Railton.
Polands."
New ton-le-Willows.
Jl/I y Variety." 1, 2, and c, P. Unsworth,
Newchurch.
Variety
Bantams.
Any
I. H. Hoyle, Lumb,
except
other
N.
Marlow
(Black Hamburghs).
he, Stott " Bjoth,
(Black Hamburphs).
2.
"

Brook, Bm-y (Black Hamburgh).

ter,
Game
Bantams."
2, Rev, F. Cooper,Ampney
1,G. Furness.
Crucis,Cirenceshe, J. Frith (3).
S. " R. Ashton.
BantxIMS.2, J. K,
-4rt?/other Variety except Game."l,
R.
S.
"
Ashton.
he, R. Brown, Cheadle
Hulme, Stockport, c,
Jeasop, Hull,
2, J. Fogg, Reddish, Stockport.
Leech, Rochdale.
Dx}cK3."Ayleshury."\,'E..
1 Si-ail
Rouen."
2. A. Haslam.
Hindley, Wigan.
c, E. Leach.
he, ^. Unswoi-th.
(Mandarin). 2, No competition.
Any other Variety."l, S. " R. Ashton
Geese."
1, E. Leech.
2, W. Hibbert.
E.
Leech.
Turkeys
2, E. Ryder, Hyde.
"1,
Selling
Class."
2, K. Dawson,
Shaw,
1,G. B. Goodfellow
(Dark Brahma).
Oldham
he, 0. Travis
(Game) ; A. Haslam
(Black Hamburghs).
(Brown Red
Game)." c, G. W. Hibbert
(Houdan); J. Frith; G. Fletcher (Buff Cochin) ; E.
Smith
Booth
Red
J.
(Black
Game).
(Dorking);
Huntley

Carrier."
B.

Een."l,

Cocfc."l. H.

PIGEONS.
Yardley, Birmingham.

Consterdine,Littlebo rough. 2, E.

2, E. C.
C. Stretch.

Stretch,Ormskirk,

JOUBNAL

476

OF

HOKTICULTUEE

and 2, W. X.
Hen.~l
Cocfc."l and 2,"W. T. Richardeon, Oldham.
he, H. Ynrdley.
ii/mo7!d. 1, J. Fieldingr,
jun., Eoclidale.
2, W. A. Hyde, Any
Middleton.
other Variety." 1, J. Fielding. 2, A. Asbton, Parlifield,
he,E. G.
Teebay, Onaakirl".
EtJKTS."
1 and /ic.W.Taylor.
2, H.Yardley.
Jacobins."
1, F. Waitt.
2, H. Yardley.
Baebs."
/ic,H. Smith,
2, E. C. Stretch,
',H.Yardley.
c, BIrs. Hunt.
Fantails.
1,H. Yardley. 2, A. Ashton.
Dkagopks."
he. A.. ABhton; J.
1, F. Graham, Biikenhead.
2, P. UnBworth.
Norris ; J. Westwood,
Holden, Heaton
Bredbnry; T.J. Caparn; F.Graham.
C, J. Chatterton; Mrs. Hnnt.
1 and
Antwebps."
/(c,W. J. W. Pass, Bnry. 2, J. T. Cook, Denton,
he, R.
Brierley,Fishpool, Lancashire.
Any otheb
Distinct
Variety."
1, H. Yardley. 2,J. Fielding, he, A. Ashton ;
H. Eaton, Manchester.
Selling Class." 1,B. Consterdine.
2, T. Moore, Biikenhead.
Pouter."
Eicliardson.
TuMBLEBS."

"

"

Game."

LOCAL
Warburton.

Coc/;." 1, W.

CLASSES.

2, J. Arrandale.

Hen."

1,W.

Warbnrton.

2,J. Arrandale,
Hawbueghs."
" Booth.
Go?rf or Silver-spangUd."l, Ashton
2, T. Walker,
Gold
". " R, Ashton.
2,
he, S. " K. Ashton.
or
jun.
Silver-pencilUd."l,
Ashton
" Booth.
Howe,
Bantams."
H.
Ashton
"
Booth.
S.
"
J.
R. Ashton.
c, H.
1,
2,
he,

Hague, Hyde.
Variety
except
Bantams."
other
1, T. Walker, jun. (BlackHambui'gh).
(Dark Brahmas).
e, C. B. Cooke
Ceoss-Bred."
1, W. W. Cooke.
2, Ashton:" Booth.
Smith.
Duces."
-l?ji/
2,S. ". R. Ashten. /ir,H.
Variety."I, G. B, Goodfellow.

Any

2,E. Ryder,

COTTAGE

AND

There were
second Blues.

[ December

GARDENER.

14, 1671.

ten

entries of Owls; the first-prize

pairWhites, the
This class was good in quality
and rightly
judged.
Nuns, eightpens, were good. The firstprizewent to Black-headed,
the second to Yellow-headed.
The
highly-commendedpair,No. 666,
clean marked
was
and
with capitalhoods ; they should
very fine
have had a place.
Antwerps numbered
twenty-two pens.
The first-prize
pair were
Silver Duns, the second
Blue-chequered.Several other excellent
I
were
commended.
Pen
680
should
have been
highly
pens
thought
second. They were
short-faced and had well-shaped
heads.
Another
pairshown was also equalto either of the prizepens.
In the class for any New or Distinct
fourteen
there
were
Variety
The first prizewent to a pair of fine Ice
which were
pens.
Pigeons,
claimed at "5 ; the second to a pairof White Dragoons. Pen 697
should have been placedsecond.
of
grand Black
They were a pair
Priests. Several other pens of excellent birds were
shown, one being
of
a splendid
pair Red Magpies,rich in colour and markings.
In the Selling
Class there were twenty-three
pens, but most of them
of the winningpens were
very poor, and some
hardly worthyof notice.
The birds were
looked
well
and had a plentiful
after,
supplyof good
J. W. R., YorTc.
food and clean water.
"

"

PIGEONS.
Caeeiee."
CocZc" 1 W. A. Hyde.
2, J Ainsworth, Hyde, he,G. B. Goodfellow.
Men"l,
J. Ainsworth.
2. W. A. Hyde.
Dragoons."
2. T. Wardle.
1, G W. Hibbert.
Ant
(Owl).
othee
Variety."
1,J. Armitafrc (Blue English Owl). 2, J. Swan
Cross-Bred."
Hen."
Ooc/c" 1, J. Smith, Hj'de. 2, J. Ainsworth.
1, J. Smith.
a,J. Ainsworth.
.

Perhaps in no other placehave admirers

of these pets seen such a
collectioneither as to number or value. Too much
praisecannot be
given to those on the Committee for their untiringefforts to insure
and
this was, indeed,the reward
success,
for their zeal. York now
Mr. Edward
tlieJudge.
was
Hewitt,of Birmingliam,
stands foremost in its show of Rabbits,and I feel assured other places
will more
patronisethese interesting
animals.
Of the Lops,the Grey Self-coloured eleven-months-old doe, justly
YORK
SHOW.
POULTRY
the winner of the silver
cup, had ears 23 inches by 5 inches, and Mr.
The
and Pigeonswas
held, Boyle's
fifteenthannual Exhibition of poultry
SootyFawn buck,seven mouths and a half old,was good in all
the 5th,6th, points,and had ears
in connection with the Yorkshire Agricultural
on
Society,
22J inches by 5^. In the class for Yellow and
and 7th inst.,
the
and proved another success
hoth as respects
quality White Mr. Terryagain stood first with a doe, ears 23^ inches by 5g,
of the birds and the amount
of the receipts.
and number
and was
followed
in position
closely
by a beautiful young doe (seven
Dorkings numbered
over
good,the prizes months) of Messrs. Lewin " Robinson, ears 22i inches by 5J. In
thirtypens, and were
ning
the Tortoiseshell Mr.
goingmostlyto young birds. Simvishwere very good,and the winTerryagain won the first prizewith a buck well
birds were
much
Cochim and Brahmas were very fairly found, ears 224 inches
admired.
was
a seven-monthsby 5 ; and nest in position
old doe, with ears
represented,but we did not consider the Hamhiirghsquiteup to a
22^ inches by 5^, also a good specimen. In tho
Yorkshire competition. Game and Polish formed
and
Black and White class Mr. C. King stood firstwith a nine-months-old
good classes,
well filled,
that for Any other varietywas
with the French
doe well marked, ears
chiefly
21| inches by 4f ; and Mr. T. Irving'sbuck,
breeds ; a good pen of Creve-Cceurs were
first.
with ears
The
entitled him to the second
21^ inches

position.

by 5,

Blue

and

and

that

White

only one entry was made,

old,well marked, but rather
The
awarded.
show of Pigeons was
unworthy the second prize
yet by no means
beyond all comparisonthe lest for the short in ear (18^),
The Grey and White class was good (seven
and Mr. J. Boyle's
last five years, numbering198.
entries),
seventeen
is
with
buck,
The Carrier cocks were
class
twelve
a
nd
5
a
weeks
of
the
ears
a
inches,
evidently
old,
21^ by
entries,
prize
good
Mr. Terry'sbuck,
birds rightly
seven
entries";
placed. The Carrier hens numbered
they good specimen of a Lop, as his firstposition
proves.
22
of
with
ears
of the first-prize
Black hen,
an
lotwith the exception
were
a rather coarse
by 5 inches,was a well-formed animal,yet rather
in 1871 there were
which was
only undecided shade for a Grey.
vei7 fine. Of Carriers hatched
To speak of the Lops as a whole,we
in justice
must
six entries. I think exhibilors should support this class better. The
say theywer"
firstprizewas
won
very good, and it is not often that thirty-three
Lops of such value,
by a very fine Black cock ; the second by a very
and possessing
The
such pointsof excellence,
found.
are
longestgood Dun.
eared Rabbit in the Show had ears
23 inches by 5, a size not always
Of Pouter cocks there were
nine entries.
The
firstprizewent to a
be
to
met
the
December
and
the
inferior
Blue
For
winter season, as
cock.
with,especially
second to a very
during
very good White cock ;
different resulte
some
Pouter hens the first prizeand cup were
slightly
given to a Red hen, good in June weather produce in all probability
in this respectwhen
but bad in colour,and inferiorin crop. The secondthe ears
limb and feather,
are
measured, though the Rabbits were
in a nice warm
of the building,
corner
formingthree sidesof a square,
prizeKed hen was by far the best in the class ; she certainlyshould
with a fire in the centre.
have
been
first ; her colour was
very fine ; she had great lengthof
The
Himalayan next claim our notice,and to speakof them as a
feather,good shape,and a grand crop. Two good Blue hens were
PIGEONS.

fair

are

evidently
scarce,

specimen,four

as

months

class (twelve
entries),
theywere not quiteequalto what X have seen ;
what
most
of shade
in the extremities was
we
easilyjudged. The first-prize
pair the want of equality
fine in colour and shape; the second-prize
was
pairgood in head and complainof ; in point of size I find no fault,as some of them were
rather
the
for
and
of
but
rich
in
colour
the
For
Shortthis
the
s
hade,
not
ears
nose
were
large
beak,
eo
as
right
variety
;
first-prize
pair.
but the feet rather too light
iu most specimens.Mr. W. H. Tomlinfirst ; and the
faced Tumblers, a pair of fine Black Mottles were
H.
also Mr.
doe was
excellent Rabbit, as was
the cock beingred and white, son's first-prize
an
second prizewent to an odd-coloured pair,
the showy
Cawood's six-months-old
These
birds were
the best in head
buck as second. Next
comes
and the hen yellow and white.
and, perhaps,a better
not being Angora in goodlynumbers
and beak, but I could not see their claim to the prize,
(twenty-two
entries),

shown.
The

Almond

of the
Of

same

Tumblers

were

class is seldom

colours.

Fautails

there

were

fifteen entries.

This

very fine class ;

In the
given the prizestwice over.
was

was

as

seen.

The

good a specimenas

large lamb-like
we

e^^r

remember

doe of Mr. W. Whitworth

white and clean,
seeing,

C. Anton's
with
her wool evidentlywell cared for ; Mr.
buck, a
I think the Judges could have
aud perhapsa
cock was very fine,the hen rather out of condition ; fitting
companion, was in tho next pen as second prize,
little Dutch
finer
The
I
best
the
are
seen.
considered
the
in
or
more
the second-prize
pretty
was
perfect
pair
rarely
good.
pair
pair
very
rather
also good as a class. Some
were
presented
Show was Pen 602, which was overlooked.
(fourteen
entries)
Of Trumpetersthere were
only six entries,but the birds were of too much white around the neck, and too little about the feet,yet
A Blue and White
almost perfect
found.
buck was the
first prize went
to a remarkablyfine pair, some
excellent quality.The
pens were

first-prize
pairthe

"

fortunate first-prize
wee
Grey and
winner,and Mr. S. G. Hudson's
mended
highly-comWhite
buck was
a
had the
worthy second-prize.The Silver-Greys(nine
of silvering,
For equality
were
entries)
good with one or two exceptions.
what
which
The first prizeand cup went to a
were
a
Silver-Grcyor
Of Barbs eightpens were
shown.
we
prefer, the prizetakers
class
should
In
the
other
Chinchilla
be.
entries)
Blacks
which
The
Any
(thirteen
variety
were
perfect.
second-prize
pairwere
pairof
really
the largePatagouian,
Ram
or
Rabbit,"buck,with his broad bull-dogvery good Blacks.
and it is rare we meet
lookinghead, was entitled to the first position,
Jacobins were
excellent class,
an
numbering seventeen pens. The
Belgian
The
with so good a specimen,
first prizewent to Reds, the second to Whites.
best pairin the
as theyare
scarce, and Mr. J. Bojle's
silver
class was
passedover, a pairof Yellows,good in hood and chain,rich Hare Rabbit buck was a deservingsecond prize; with a pretty
Poli"h
aud
of
Mr.
a
cream"
S.G.Hudson
as
in colour,and small.
The Rei^s should have givenway to the Yellows.
highlycommendcj,
both
were
in
the
and
C.
buck
Mr.
novelties
good
of
Of Turbits
entries.
The
first
were
class,
there were
went
to
King's,
prize
eighteen
some
good
entries)
presented
Keds,the second to Blues,but the best pairwas overlooked,Pen 6i9, specimens.The Sellingclass {fourteen
inches
with
Fawn
Mr.
Wharton's
ears
21^
by
a pair of Yellows.
doe,
and the first- Rabbits;
Sooty
These birds should have been first,
*
firstprize. This,a Silver-Greyas second,and a Yellow
5, was a fitting
prizeKfcds second.
very

large in

rose

and

hood, and

with

feet.
capital

"

The

Blacks shown
by Mr. Haansbergen should
second prize; the hen is the best I have seen.

have

**

"

JOUBNAL

14,1871. ]

December

477

GARDENER.

COTTAGE

AND

HOBTICULTURB

OF

first and third,and

very good. Crcve-Coenrs were
ears
203 by 4J, formed a trio French class was
Lop aa^highly-commended,
second.
Game
were
Houdans
Bantams
badly placed as to light,
class.
in a selling
not always to be seen
in consequence be
and
must
with
remarks
our
were
difficulty
judged,
with hay, oats,and swedes,
and well supplied
The pens were
roomy,
good,and the Whites even better ; but the gema
and a sort of well-to-do air seemed evident from the abundant supply limited. Blacks were
the
for once
name
of this section were
a pairof Silver Sobrights,
gesting
sugof food and care bestowed upon the whole.
the true colour of the birds. In the Varietyclasses were
Mr. Millington judged the Lops, and Mr. C. Eayson the fancy
Black Hamburghs, Sultans,and White Dorkings.
Eayson.
varieties. CharlesBoth the Kouen and AylesburyDuels were
good, but this applies
2. J. Nowall
Abtoy, BeTorley.
DoEKiNos."
1, R. W. Richardson, Meaux
rather than to size.
to quality
Yorli: S, J. Stott,Hc.aley, Eoolidale.
4, Mias Simpson, Rawcliffe, York.
40 lbs.,that of
The weight of the firat-prize
pairof Qeese was
"Wilkinaon, Earby, Skipton.
2,
Smitb, Norton,
1,

and White

"

H.
Malton.
Chickens.
2, J. Tlireah. Rradford.
2, d.
Yilloio or Buff.
Coohin-China."
l, H. Mason, DrighUnftton,Leeds.
4,D. Ibeston, Whit'iy,
RydcUesden. KeigWey.
Speedy. "Whitby. S, 0. Sidfrvvick,
2, R. L. Story, Wensley, Bedale.
Ann other Colour"
1, T. Stretch, Ormskirk.
3, Miss J. Boulton, Beverley. 4, G. Calvert, Darlington.
E. Comcy.
BiLiHMi
PooTM."l,
Whitby. 2. J. T. Travis, Rochdale.
2, J.
GjaHL"Blaclc-breasted or other Eecls."l, G. Sutton,Bontbam, York.
Leeds.
2, U.
W. Fell, Adwalton.
Duckwinos."l,
Watson, Knaresborough.
2, J. Smith, jun., Norton.
Mason.
Any other Varietij"h F. Sales, Crowle.
G. S. Thompson,
York.
Cliicl-eits."l,
2, G. Sutton, York.
HsMBnESHS.
aolden-iienrilled.1. J. Walker, Birstwith, Ripley. 2, W,J.
Silver-pencilled." 1,
Thirsk.
Clayton, Keighley. S. Penninston " Kidson.
Walker, Bii-stwith. 2, H. Smith. Morton Banks, Keigbley. 3, T. H. Readman.
S,
Lindley, Otley. 2, J. Walker.
m,
Goldcn^spaivthd."l, J. Rollins
Whitby.
W. Bearpark, Ainderby Steeple. Silfer-simnoled
"1, G. Huby, Benningbrough,
York.
" Booth, Sheffield.
2, Crookea
S, G. Holmes, Great Driffield.
Polish."
1, W. SUveater, Sheffield. 2, G. Speedy, Whitby.
Bantams.Game"
2, W. Adams, Ipswich. 3. R. Bradley,
1. J. RoUinson.
Any other Colour."
Green
Laced"
End. Earby.
1. F. Powell,Knaresbrough.
Spanish."

E.

1 and

"

"

2, G. Holmes,

Great Driffield.
other
Variety.
1. Mrs. E. Cross, Appleby, Erigg (French). 2, H.
Chawner, jun., Uttoxeter
(White Leghorns).
Turkeys."
Bridge, Stokesley. 2. H. R. W. Hart, Danning1,J. Stoi-ry,Tame
ton Lodge, York.
Poults." 1, T. M. Derry, Gedney.
2, A. Keynolda, Morr
Monkton, York.
1
York.
Geese."
and 2, G. Hustler, Stillingfleet,
K.
Ducks.^i/iesdiwi/.-1, .J.Storry, 2, W. Stonehouse, Whitby. Bouen."l.
W.
Richardson.
Hey, Liverpool. Any other
2. R. Gladstone, jun, Court
Variety."1, R. W. Richardson.
2, S. Burn, Whitby.
S,H. Judson.
Sellino Class." 1, H. Dale, Northallerton.
2, G. S. Thompson.
"

PIGEONS.
Carriers.Eeii." 1, J.

Cocfc." 1, E. Horner,
Homer.

Stanley. 2, B.

2, J. Stanley, Blackburn.
Harewood, Leeds.
2, W. Campey.
Chickens." 1, E, Homer.

Beverley.
Coc/c."l and 2, J. Hawley, Bradford.

Pouters."

the latter
There

were

many

more

Hen."l

and

Cup, J. Hawley.

% E. Homer.
Tumblers.^Jmonti.2, H. Adams,
Beverley. Any other
1, E. Horner.
Rochdale.
variety. Short-faced."
2, H. Adams.
1, J. Fielding, .iun..
Fantails."
Landing, York. 2,J. F. Loversidge,Newark.
1, G. Fletcher, Acomb
Trumpetehs.
E.
Horner.
1 and 2.
2, J.
Barbs.NewcasUe-on-Tyne.
1 and
Cup, W. B. Van Haansbergen,
Stanley, Blackburn.
.Tacobins." 1, R. G. Sanders, Loven, Beverley.
2, W. B. Van Haansbergen.
Turbits."
2, W. Bearpark.
1, J. T. Liahman, Girlington, Bradford.
Owls.
1, J. Fielding, jun. 2, J. Stanley.
Nuns
"1, R. W. Richardson.
2, E. Homer.
Blackburn.
Antwerps.
1, J. Stanley. 2, F. Woodhouae,
Any
Variety."
other
Hall,Otley. 2, J. G. Dunn,
1,W. C. Dawaon, Weaton
"

The whole class was

commended.
to see.
very difficult
less than thirty-twoentries in the Variety class ; and
We
should
have
been
advise a
well
won.
could
prizes

no

reconstruction of the schedule for Pigeons for another

seaaon.

Game
(Blackor Brown-breasted Reds)." Cup, J. W. Jones, Malpas, Newport
c. C. H. Myers,
Salop,
S. Cole, Llanelly. he, W. Dunning. Newport.
G
; J. Daviea,Cwmpark,
; H. Horton, Col wall, Malvern
Crynant, GlamorganahLre

Treorky, Pontypridd.
Drighlington. 2, J. P.
1, H. C. St,W. J. Maaon.
(Any other variety)."
Game
2, E5V. C. T. Saliabury, TreLlandatf. Ohickens-"l, J. W. Jones.
Rectory, Newport.
dunnoc
C/wcfcens.- 1, Hon. Mtas D. Pennant i
F. Welta, Tredegar.
1 H
Spanish"
2, W. Nicholas,Caerphilly,Glamorganshire, he,
Castle. Bangor.
Penrbyn

Moaes,

CLlas."

1, E. Homer.

2, J. Cundale, Copt Hewick,

Ripon. 3,E.

.,"

W-

"t-

t"

t.

Hereford.
T.S. Bamett,WaUord,RoaB,
t,.
i,
Coloured)." 1, J. Watts, Kingaheath, Birmmgham.
(Grey or
Dorkings
he, T. Moore, Cardiff; A. Sperrin, Bitton.
Jordan, Bridgend,
K
2 H
St. Loe, Bristol. 2, J. H. Watkins,
Mias J. Milward, Newton
Chiekem."l,
Castle, Newport ; A.
Ruperra
he, Hon. F. C. Morgan,
Byford, Hereford,
"

i,.

^'cocHi's-CmNMCinnamon
and Bnffl.-l, H.

C " W. J. Mason.
2, C. Taylor,
Biecon
D. W. J. Thomas,
(2);T. A. Dean, Marden,
he, T. Moore:
C. Bloodworth, Cheltenham.
r"
"
"
t
Moore.
J.
T.
2,
Dyer,
1,
and
Partridge-feathered)."
(Brown
Cochin-china

Gloucester,
Hereford,

c,

"

"^CocHiN-CHiNi
(White)."1,J. Bloodworth.
Po'jTRf
''"BRMMf
"Ught).-l,
T. A. Dean^

2, Miss

"

A.

Berrington, Pant-

D.

J. Craddook, Mainrlce. Newand 2, T. A. Dean,

Chickem."l
he,
: J. Bloodworth.
he T. A. Dean
nort
F.Bi.Eicketts,
Ban well. Weston-auper-Mare; J. Watts; L. Dean, St. Aryans,

2, W.

; H. CoUey, Leominater.
PoOTRA
(Dark.)-Cup, Rev. J.
Brahma
Miaa
LlandafC. he, Hon.
Hatod
Bristol.
PaiTottTHenbm-y,
Stroud
ftc,Hon. Miss D. Pennant; Rev.

Chepstow

.tort^
i",.n
Bowen, Talgarth. 2, G. Dornford,
T. Moore,
D. Pennant;
Cardiff;J.
2, W. Sims,
Cfticft".s.-1,J. Watts.
B.F.
Parrot
;B
Price,
J. Bowen;
TydvU; E. Ensor, Bristol, c, G.
F. Stuokey, Merthyr
P6n-y-bont,Llanfoiat;

Brvn

W"s-BF

'^mM'BnRGHS
H. Beldon, Bingley.
(Gold-pencilled).-l,
''

2, C. Bloodworth.

Beldon.
2, H. Feast,Swansea.
H
H^BmsHsTsilver-pencilled).-!.
Mottram.
" R.

Ashton,

S.
(Gold-3pangled).-l.

Hamboeghs

H. Beldon.
2, Rev.
hISbSrghI
(Silyer-spaSgled).-l,

"

Newcaatle-on-Tyne.

tt

"

Selling
Kicbardaon.

were

"

"

1 and
Any

birds 38 J and 34 lbs.

of the aeoond-prize
respectively.
the Pouter and Fantail classes
of Pigeons,
a good display
There was
owing to the use of small wickerwork pens,
beingvery good,althout^h,
41 lbs.,and
the Tiu-Tceys

^1" AiSf-OTO,
H. Beldon.

2, Mrs.

J. M.

W.

Serjeantson, Acton

Proctor, Hull,

vho,F. Hopkina

"IS^FreSviEi''ET''Y.-rc"Homfray,

Lane
Glen
Uak, Caerleon.
2,
3, Miss E. Williams, Henllys Berriew,
Lop-EAEED.1 and Plate, T. E. Terry. Sbawfield, Tong,
Court Coleman, Bridgend
Sc7/-i;o!o"rert.
; Mrs. E. E. Llewellyn,
C Homf
ray (2); H. Feaat
c, 3. Trmg,
Leeds.
2, J. Boyle, jun., Blackburn,
he, H. E. Gilbert, Rugby,
tering,
Ket" Robinson,
Tellow
and
White."
2, Lewin
Blackburn.
\, T. E. Terry.
Vennyvach Brecon
CardW.
2, E. C.
Sutton ScarsVale
c, F. S. Ai-kwright.
he,H. Cawood, Thome, Doncaater.
; E. Williams, Ebbw
d'vr Haf, Neath ; C. Parsons
Maes
"Robinson.
7ic, ;icP J Charles,
2. Lewin
Tortoiseshell"l,T.'E.Teviy.
dale, Chesterfield.
2. J.
and
White."
Black
1, 0. King.
C. King, St. John's
Bristol. 2. S. "S.
E. Cambridge. Cotham,
Wood, London.
Blue
Irving. Blackburn.
/ic,Lewiu " Robinson,
c, A. L. Pearce, Thome.
Worcester.
Jic,R. " D. Wingfleld,
Ashton, Mottram.
"r
i
"i,
and
White." ^, J. Boyle, jun.
WolvcrhampWhite "2. W.
Donkin. Driffield.
Grey and
BantIms (White,Clean-legged).-l,E. Pritchard, Tettenhall,
2 and c, T. E. Terry, he. A. H. Easten, Hull ; J. G. A. Hillyard, York.
he, S. " E. Ashton.
Vicarage, Newmarket,
F. Tearle,
2, Rev
Himalayan."
2 and c, J.
2, H. Cawood, Thome.
1, W. H. Tomlinson, Newark-on-Trent.
J. M. Proctor, Hall.
Mrs.
other
variety).-Cup,
BANTAMS
(Any
H.
Miss
M. E. Boulton, Beverley,
jun., Manchester;
7ic,
c, W. Whitworth,

ntrdwick
Gloucester!

BABBITS.

S-

"

p.
Montgomeiy

'i'f
firamef-il'T.'k''ore;
NT,"f
Phillips^
""SN^AtMmS^cYefn-letged).-!,

"

Gazeley

toS.

^NV^OTHEE
Variety.-I, Rcv. W.
Mra. E. E.
E Willlami;

Myton, York.
J. Boyle, jun.
1 and Plate, W. Whitworth.
2, C. Auton, York,
Angora."
/ic,
York.
c, T. E. Terry ; G. T. Linfoot, York ; G. Robinson.
ftc,W. Whitworth.
c, W.
Dutch.2, S. G. Hudson, HuU.
1, J. Boyle,jun.
Donkin
: W.
Morbey, Northampton.
Silvee-Grey."
1 and he, T. E. Terry. 2, J. Boyle, jun. c, S. G. Hudson.
Hudson.
S.
G.
J.
other
Any
Variety."
Whitworth.
Boyle,
he,
2,
jun.
1,W.
e, C. Kmg.
Selling
Class."
he,T. E. Terry.
1, T. Wharton, York.
2, J. Boyle,jun.
c, A- Cattley, Barnsbury,

/.c Miaa

Newark-on-Trent.
Class

Sfllmg

-1

..t

F. C. Morgan, Newport.
2, T. A. Dean.
"

"1, Hon.

Fowls

Gtttnea

S,C.Homfray.
Serjeautsou. 2, J. Watts.
Llewellyn, Bridgend; W. H. Tomlmson.

"

,,

J.W.Jones.

"

"

Brecon.

",

E.

3, H.

Thomas,

A
Dean;
McC?nMllEwiaa
Harold, Hereford, /ic.L. De:in. jun.(2);T.
Brecon
;R. H. NioholaB
J Bowen
2) ; Rev. J. J. Evans, Cantreff Rectory.
Troaton.ChnstnZtray
(3)^C
J. S. Phillips, Newport; Mra. J. Sperrin
D. Lane.
J. Sknmer

4 J
Rev

chm-chTw!
Evans,

London.

/.

havips

Neath

Sperrin; J. McConnell
Newport ;^A.
; R. H. Nicbolaa.
: J. McConnell

Seya,
DuVks ^Avlesburv)
-1, J. Buckley, jun., Llanelly. 2,
Teebay, Fulwood, Preston ;
Tregroes,
Park,'
TrJdSa"
Newport, he, H. Thompaon,
Tredegar
Brown, Walkley,Sheffield. 5 Lord
faoue"-)-\"''c'H?mtay"'
Eahbits Mr. C. Eayson,IvyLodge, Didsbnry; and Mr. M. Milling- ""nu^f
2, T. R. Hulbert, Old Alrestord. .3,Rev.
BrMoi. he.Lord Tredegar ; Miaa E. Wllhams ;
Rector",
J J EvaSCrantreff
ton,York.

Judges.
Poultryand Pigeons: Mr.
Mr. W.
Maasey, Spalding;and Mr. H.

"

F. A.

"

Newport.

"

"

TREDEGAR

POULTRY

SHOW.

held at Newport on the l'2thand 13th inst. Although

was
of
in the prize list had taken place,the number
about the same
a-s last year.
peted
In the first section of the Show
Game, Dorldngs, and Spanishcomfor the cup, which was won
by a pen of adult Brown Red Game,
for it.
the Duckwings running them closely

This

Show

reduction
slight

entries was

"

^b^urK^'iinySfya^S^l
C.Homf"y^2^

.he. N.

Padsey.

;tc,K.
^"G\ts^E?-7'^i"^ieS^'I^R.''Efea!=T
Skinner.

Loe, Bristol.
Newton
'^ToiKtYl-^TMiaa'-J.^mward,
T^degar
Morgan,

Lord

SklS^nSaT^mso^n;
T.Moore.

SWEEPSTAKES

Shaw,

2. E.

St

Oa^y?s'^rT-3,kon.F.C
ftg
jTMn^erlMra'-E.-E.
Llewellyn;

FOR

SINGLE

T.

E.

j_
Hulbert:

COCKS.

Bloodworth.
ft",C.
to^c^H^N-JkTNf-t'aSvt-Jut'HaYds'rS.

but the Buff Cochins

c, W. J.
Dorldngswere of onlymoderate quality,
3, W. J. Dix, Mamdee.
ASYVAHi"-l,C.Homfray.
2, L. Dean.
birds
were
very largeand true to colour, although several of the adult
Dix ; T. A. Dean
; Miss M. Evans, Newport.
in dry feather.
were
greatly
improved
PIGEONS.
LightBralimas were
scarcely
2, H. P. PowelFenniacowles, Blackburn.
1 T Waddington.
as regards
P.nRTVES"
in both classes,
marking of tail,hackle,and size.
C.J.
Prie
CaatTe
ftc,T. Waddington ; W. Crook, Swansea.
MatocVBrecoS.
The cup for the second section went to a largewell-marked pen of
"ftc, H. Pratt,
also worthy of note.
were
adult Brahmas ; the young of thisvariety
"^PouTers^W".
2, T. Waddington.
Hawley, Bradford.
empty, owingto the birds being too
Unfortunatelymany
pens were
widd'in'gron""*H''-p.
he. F. Waitt. Kiuga-l"!!'
Powel-Price.
^rc"B\?s
to the Hamand this remark applies
late for competition,
particularly
/ic,A. H. Oliver,
\vatI"'2;"BoZer
" Jones. Newport,
""iTMBLES'^^T
hurgh classes. In Pencilled,of both colours,only the winners were
the
excellent pens among
many
worthyof notice ; hnt there were
H.-Tom"nlon,Ncw?rk-on-Trent.
2, Rev. W. Serjeantson
''lT?.?"is'-tW
ordinary
Gold, Silver,and Spangled. Of the Polands,the first were an extra; J.
he, G. H. Gregory. Taunton
Trmpet'ers.-Iand 2, T. Waddington.
for this section was
given, Watts ; c, R. H. Nicholas ; W. Crook.
pen of Golden, to which the cup
Girhngton. Bradford. 2, T. A
The
Vaeieiy.-I, T. T. Lisbman,
other
Any
and the second a pairof White-crested Black of rare
'quality.
The

"

"o,,.At^,.A

"

T,

478

JOUKNAL

Dean.
L. Dean

The

8.W

H.

OF

HOETICUIjTURE

TomlJnson.
4, T. Waildinfrtoii. he, "W. Latch, Newport (2):
L. H. Ricketts.
c, G. H. Grecory;
; \V. Crook,

; T. A. Dt^au

Judge

Mr.

was

E.

Hntton, Padsey,Leeds.

ASHFORD

POULTRY

The
East Kent Poultry Show
l'2th inst. Nearly four hundred
"were
as follow :

SHOW.

held

was

pens

at Ashford

ivere

on

exhibited.

the lltli and

The

awards

"

AND

COTTAGE

GABDEKEK.

f December

14, 1871.

BvcKii."Aylcshiiry.-land 2, J. K. Fowler.
3. G. Hanks,
he, E. C. Forsler
Boueit."l, H. Hoit. 2, E. Burton.
S, J. K. Fowler,
he, W. Stephens, c, J. H.
J. K. Fowler.
Black East India n.~l. G. S. Sainsbury,
Fry; G.M.Hulbert;
S.
Burn.
2,
8, F. Pittis,jun. he, Mrs. Hayne
G. S. Sainsbury:
(2); S. Bum;
W.
E. George,
c, F. Strutton
; G. S. Sainsbury.
Any othir variitn."l, 2. and 3,
M. Lcno
(Mandarin, Carolina, and Viduata
W. Binna
"/ic,
^VhistlingDucks),
(Mandarin) ; S. " R. Aehton (Mandarin).
Turkeys."
1, Rev. N. J. Ridley. 2, Mrs. Dunn.
1
Geese."
and he, J. K. Fowler.
2, M. Kew.
3, R. J. Spackman
Selling
Class."
1, J. Watts.
2, Rev. J. D. Hoysted (Light Brahmas).
3, H.
Lloyd, jun. /tc,Mrs. Dunn
(Dorkings);W. Hanks(Light Brahmaaand
Spanish)*
H. M. Maynard.
Beaveu
; W.
c, H. H. Thompson
(Game) ; Miss E. Williams.

PIGEONS.
Dorkings."
Co/OJtrcd."H'eTis."l and Cup/W". G. Greenhill, Ashford.
2. Sirs.
CocA-s "1, H. Yardlev.
Carriers.2, H. M. Maynard.
he, H. M. Maynard
Oaks,
Brassey, Normanhnrst
Court, Battle, he, W. S. Marsh, jun jWinkland
2. P. Wise.
C.Cork.
Deal
jr(".*."l,H.M.
Maynard.
3, W. E. Ford.
(2J; E. Eice, Sandwich,
Brassev: A. Derinfj;,Surrenden
c, Mrs.
Deling,
Mrs.
Cocfrs
Pouters
Ladd.
Ashford.
(White),"
"1,
Ashford; R. Cheesman.
2, A. Heath,
/ic.A: Heath ; Mrs.
Cock.~l, G. W. Greenhill.
2, F. Mm-ton,
Laid
and 2, A. Heath.
Snieeth.
(3). Ecns."l
(Any other colour)." Coc/.-s."l,
E. T.Dew.
c, Mrs.
Brassey; R. Cheesman.
DoRKiviGS."
Coloured."
PuUi'ts.~l, A. Arnold, Lamberhurst.
2, Mrs.
G.
2, G. Gregory. Hens." 1, F. T. Dew.
2, Miss J.Millward.
Almond."
TvMBhERs.Meek, Branbridge Park, Balcombe.
l, E. T. iJew.
Any other variety."l, S. Stephens,inn.
3. G. W. Greenhill.
he, R. Cheesman
;
0.
J.
E.
W. H. James, Updown,
H.
Crane,
Sandwich,
Coclccrcl."
c.
Combley.
2,
c, Mrs. Lee
(2); Mrs. Brassev.
1 and
Owls."
2, H. Yardlev. he,G. H. Gregory ; J. Watts.
2, E. Rice,
he, W. S. Marsh, jun. ; Mrs. G. Meek ; R. Cheesman.
1, P. H. Jones.
c. Rev.
T. E. Cato, Wye Vicarage ; Mrs. Brassey.
Barbs."
I, H. Yardley. 2, H. M. Majoiard.
DovKiSGS."
Fantails."
1,Miss J. Miliward.
2, H. M. Maynard. he,H. Yardley. c, P. H.
Hcns."Prize, F. Cheesman.
he, G. W, Greenhill.
Silver-Grey."
Jones.
Cock.-'Prize, Rev. T. E. Cato.
F.
Cheesman.
he, G. W. Greenhill.
c,
DoBKiUGS"
Jacobins."
"PuUcts."l
he, F. Waitt (2).
and 8, C. J. Plumptre, "VVingham.
1, Mrs. A. Vigor. 2, Miss J. Miliward.
Silver-Grey.
2. F.
Cheesman.
Nuns."
2, H. Yardley. he, F. Hodding ; J. Watts.
he, G. Court, Ctillenden, Winpham
1, F. Waitt.
(2).
; J. Scott,Elmsted, Ashford
Antwerps."
1 and 2, H. Yardley.
2 and
he, W. E. George (2). c, P. Wise; J. E.
c, Rev. T. E. Cato ; F, Cheesman.
Cocl-erel."l, C. J. Plumptre.
3, Rev.
T. E. Cato.
he, J. Scott, c, G, Court ; C. J. Plumptre ; F. Cheesm.m.
Combley.
Spanish."
Trumpeters."
1,P. H. Jones:
2, W. Masland.
Ashiord.
J.
1, Mrs. Brassey. 2. C. AV, Hammond,
Chielrns."'l,
Runts.he, Mrs. J. Clark (2);W. Masland.
1. H. Yardley. 2, Mrs. J. Clark,
Francis,Hildenborough, Tonbridge. 2, C. W. Hammond.
Variety."
Cochin-China."
Any
other
1, H. Yardley. 2,W. E. Stephens,
he, G. H. Gregory ;
1, Miss Hales, Canterbury.
2, W. A. "Winter,Canterbun-.
F. Hodding
Chickens." I, Miss Hales.
jun.
; O. E. Cresswell
; H. Yardley ; F. Pittis,
2, J. Body. Lloyd's Green, "Wittersham.
he, R. S.
S. Woodgate. Pembiu-v,Tunbridge Wells.
Selling
Class."
1,F. Waitt.
2, W. E. Stephens,
he, W. J. Keall ; C. Jarvig ;
Brahma
P.
H.
J.
Pootka."
C.
Cork
c,
(2).
Jones;
Watts.
Z"a?fc.~l,W. Bring, lavershara.
T.
G.
stone.
Folke2,
Ledger,
;(C,Mrs. Brassey. i;///;*."!.Miss Hales. 2, Rev. F. T. Scott, ShepherdsMr. E. Hewitt, Eden
Judges.
well Vicarage, Dover,
he, Rev. F. T.Scott
(4);Miss Hales; J. H. Curling,
Faversham.
and Mr. K.
Fulwood, Preston.
c. Rev. F. T. Scott (2).
Game."
Blaek-hremted
or
other JiC(?s.-l and Cup, G. Eraham.
Ashford.
2,J.
Jeken, Elthain.
Ckickens."l
and
c, W.
Foster, Deal: T. L. Elliott,Ashford.
2. J. Jeken.
H. James,
3, T. L. Elliott, he, G. Wise, Preston, Faveraham
; W.
AND
BORDER
BERWICK
ORNITHOLOGICAL
Updown, Sandwich
; W. Foster.
GA-MK.-Any other Variety."Prize, J. Jeken.
he,E. Rice, Sandwich,
c, H.
ASSOCIATION."
December
6th and
7th.
Xowe, Chartham.
Chickens "1 and he, E. Rice.
2, W. Foster.
GATJE.-Singlc Cock.~l, J. Jeken. 2, G. Wise, c, T. G. Ledger ; T. L. Elliott ;
exhibitors ; the number
There
of birds
were
J. H. Bayley.
number
offered for sale only,and others
273, besides a
was
W. Taylnr, Maidstone.
llA^BVEGss.~Gold-S2mi\o1cd."Ti,
2, R. Fowle, Wingham.
M.
Ashford.
Silver-spanoled."l.
Dorman.
2, H. H. Stickings. Ashford.
for exhibition. The birds were
arrangedon five tables running throuE^h
c.W.
A. Winder;
W.
C. J.
Taylor (2); H. H. Sticking. Gold-iicneillcd"l,
all uniform.
The
is the
the
list:
hall,in
nearly
cages
J.
Ashford.
Plumptre. 2, Chapman,
he,R. S. S. Woodgate ; J. Chapman.
Polish."
1. G. Boothby, Louth.
Yellow." I and 3, J. Rutter. Sunderland.
Belgian."
C^car or Ticked
2, W.
CitEVE-CcEUR.- 1, W. Bring, Faversham.
he, T. G. Ledger,
Wallace
". Beloe, Hide
vhc.'W. Bulmer:
Hill; G. Norris,
e, Rev. H. H.
Bulmcr, Stockton.
Dombrain, Westwell
Vicarage, Ashford.
8 and
vhe, W. Bulmer.
Castlegate. Clear or Ticked Buff"l and 2, J. Rutter.
Chilhani.
HouDAN.~l, W. O. Quibeli, Newark,
he. J. Marten.
c, W.
and
Rutter.
Dring. c, G. Norris.
1
Variegated or Unevenly-murkcd.
8, W.
2, J.
and
Chickcm."l
he,W. 0. Quibeli. 2, W. Dring. c, Hills " Co.. Brighton.
Bulmer.
c, J. B. Gilchrist.
Bantams."
Gtme."l, W. S. Marsh, jun.
C/fO)' rt-Z^otr.- land 3, R. Forsythe, Edinburgh. 2. Wallace
3, Rev. F.
Don."
2, H. Lowe, Chartham/
Glasgow
T. Scott,
H.
W. White, Canterbury;
H. Stickings. Any
c, Rev. F. Cooper;
Clear Biiff."l,
R.
and Beloe.
vhe, C. Lugton. Hillburn, Ayton.
c, J. Eagle.
3!ariety."l,Mrs. Lee, Penshurst.
" Beloe.
2, W. White.
3, R. Aird, Edinbur^^h. I'ke,C. Luton,
Forsythe. 2. Wallace
c, J.
DvcKs." Aylesbury."1 and 2. G. W. Greenhill. Ashford.
he,W. Young, e, C.
rhc, J, Eagle, he and
Eagle. Flecked." 1 and 2, R. Forsythe. 8, G. Lobban.
S. Hardy
(2). Eouen."l, J. Austen, Denton, Canterburv.
2, F. Cheesman.
" Beloe.
c, Wallace
he, F. E. Arter.
c. J. Austen
(2) ; W. F. Harvey ; G. W. Greenhill.
Ticked
Norwich.
C/(.'"r or
" Athersuch,
Jonque.
l, 3, and he, Adams
Geese."
1, Mrs. Lee.
2, J. B. Plumptre.
c,
" Golby; Moore
and
vhe, Barwell
he, W. PL Mold; Mrs. Powell,
Coventry.
2, G. Gayton, Northampton,
W. H. James
; Mrs. Brassev.
Norwich.
Clear or
Ticked
'Northampton
Buff."l
; G. " J. Mackley.
Wynne,
Turkeys."
1,A. Warde. West Farleigh. 2. C. J. Plumptre.
he, Mrs. Brassev
;
Wallace
"
Beloe.
Adams
" Athersuch
and 2, G. " J. Mackiey.
vhe,
8,
; Moore
Mrs. Deedes, SantllingPark, Hythe.
Foults."l
and 2, C. J.
c, H. Andrews.
and Wynne
Darlington.
; G. J. Barnesby, Derby ; J. Cleminson,
Plumptre. vhe, A, Warde
he, Mrs.
" Athersuch.
(2);H. Andrews, Great Chart, Ashford.
^ojm'icu."Evenly'markcd Yelloiv."l and 2,Adams
3, Wallace
Harvey.
and Beloe.
vhe, Barwellft
Golby; Moore
"Wynne.
he,R.Ha\yman, MiddlefiAny
otheu
Variety."!, Mrs. Brassev.
he, R.
" Athersuch.
and
2, Mrs. Bacon, River, Dover,
Buff. 1 and he, Adams
2, Wallace
brough. Ei^'enly-marked
S. S. Woodgate ; W. F. Harvey, Thruxted, Chartham
Hales.
Miss
Swan
"
Moore
"
W.
3.
vhe.
" C. Bumis;
Wynne,
Medd, Scarborough ;
Beloe.
*

Cottage,
Si^arhbroolr,
Birmingham.,

"

Teebay,

sixty-one
goodly

competing
only

following

prize

"

"

"

"

"

Pigeons." Carr/ej-s.-l,
Po)(^frs." Prize,
G. Wise.
Heme
2, J. Bowes.
Bay.
J. Bowes.
Fantails.-'Pvize, G. W. Greenhill,
Tumblers."Pvize, J. Bowes.
Ashford.
Any otiier Variety."1 and 3, J. Bowes.
2, W. S. Marsh, iun. c, W.
P. Forth, Ashford.

DEVIZES
We
13th

must

until
inst.,

Dorkings."
Col. Lane.
other
Williams,
Spanish,"

Any

defer

our

nest

POULTRY
remarlrs

week.

The

on

this

SHOAV.
Show,

is
following

Ca?oinrrf."l and 2, J.Martin.

held

the

3, C. Cork.

on

12th and

the

prizelist:
"

/ic,M.Putney;

Lient-

0. E. Creswell.
2,W. E.George.
S,tWrs. C.Smith.
Silrer-Grcy."l,
3, Miss E.
Variety."1 and he, Mrs. Hayne.
2, O. F. Cresswell.

e, W- May ; F. F. Fowler.
1, Mrs. AUsop.
2, Miss E. Bro-\rae. 2,W. Parsley, he, E. Gill ; H.
F. Cooper; Mrs. Allsop.
Cochins."
Cm " am 0/1 and
Buff."l, H. Lloyd, jun, 2, Mrs. Allsnp. 3, D.
E. R. Gray; J. K. Fowler; H. D.'Dent; J. Sichel.
Young,
ftt-,
Partridqe."l,
Horace
Lingwood.
2, J. K. Fowler.
3,Miss Allsop. Any other Variety." I and
2, J. Sichel. 3 and c, R. S. S. Woodgate.
Brahmas."
2. J. Watts.
T. F. Ansaell.
Df/r7r."i,
8. E. Pritchard.
he, J.
Walker; J. H. Cuff; Horace Lingwood: W. E.George; J. S. Tainton.
e, W. E.
George. L;ff7(i."
1, J. R. Rodbard.
2, W. E. George.
S,Mrs. T. Turner. /tc.W.
Hanks
; H. M. Maynard
: W. E. George.
GA^iJE."Blaek-brcasted Rcds."\
and
3, W, H. Stagg. 2, S. Matthew,
he,P. P.
Cother.
Brown-breasted
Any other Varicti/.-l,
S.
Reds."l, S. Matthew.
"Matthew.
2, G. S. Samsbury.
8, F. Bailey. Any Variety."J, W. H. Stagg
(Black Reds). 2. H. Brown.
3. W. H. Stagg (Black Reds).
W. Speakman,
UAyiBVKGns.~Gold-i)enciUed."l.
2, H. Pickles,
jun. 3, Capt.
F. G. Coleridge,c. Rev. F, GofJd.ard. Silecr-peneillcd"I, H. Pickles, jun.
2, W.
B. Payne.
3, C H. Mayo.
Gold-spangled.~\,H. Pickles, jun. 2,Lady Vivian.
Mrs.
Sitvcrspangled."l,
Allsop. 2, H, Pickles, jun. 3. G. Slade.
PoLANDS.-l, J. Hinton.
2, G. W. Boothby.
3, P. H. Jones.
HouDANS."
1,J. Sichel. 2, W. Dring. 3, Hills " Co.
he, M. H. Sturt; J. K.
rowler.
French." ^H7/ of/icr FrtnV(i/-l, J. Sichel. 2, C. H. Smith
(Creve Ca?url. S,
Eev. N. J. Ridley (La Flechet.
he, Rev. N. J. Ridley (Creve-Cceur);
Dring
(Creve-Ccear)
; H. Wyndham
(Crt-ve-Cc?ur);J. K. Fowler; J.J. Maiden
(Creve"

Cceur).
Malays.-I.W.B.

Payne. 2, Rev. N. J. Ridley. 3. J. Hinton.

Any
other
Variety." l.Rf v. W
Serjeantson (Black HamburKhs).
2,Wildey
and Smith.
3, M. H. Sturt (Leghorns), he, R. C. ForRter (BhickMinorcas);
C.
F. Wilson (Black HamburghsJ; T. Bush
" Smith
(Black Hambm-ghs)
; Wildey

ton, Middlesbrough.
Unevenly-marked
Jonque or Buff," \,'^. Young,
'i^iov.'^-icii."
" Athersuch.
he, Barwell " Golby ; Moore " Wynne
3, Adams

Belford.
2 and
; G. J. Barnesby..
e, 3. Cleminson.
n'ith
Crest." 1, S. Tomes, Northampton.
'NoRfvicu." Evenly-marked Jonque or Buff,
". Athersuch.
" Beloe.
vlie,J. Hurrel), Sunder
2, Wallace
8, Adams
land ; J. Spence, Sunderland
; G. " J. Mackley.
NoKwicn."
Clear Jonque or Buff, with Dark
Grey, or Clear Crcst."l, G. ani
" Beloe.
8 and he,Wallace
J. Mackley.
2, W. Bulmer.
vhe,Moore " Wynne
;
S. Tomes.
.4/?!/other Variety of Crested." I,J. Hurrell.
Norwich."
2, W. Watson, jun.,
vhe, M. Iving,Scarborough ; G. " J. Mackley.
Darlington. 3, J. Rutter.
" Beloe.
brough.
Cinnamon.
2, Fairclough " Howe, MiddlesJonguc."l, Wallace
" Wynne;
and
t-tGolby. vhe, Moore
S. Tomes;
Wallace
3, Barwell
" Golby.
vhi%
2, Barwell
Beloe.
Buff" I, S. Tomes.
3, E. Mills, Sun Icrland.
" Beloe.
" Wynne,
e, Wallace
Moore
Evenly-marked (Any variety)."
1, J.
" Beloe.
he, h. Belk; G. Cox,
2,"L.Belk, Dewshury. 3, Wallace
Spence.
"

Northampton.
Any

other

Stephens

"

Variety.8,
1, J. Taylor, Middlesbrough. 2, J. B. Gilchrist.
T. XenniswootL
vhe, Stephens " Leek;
Leek, Middlesbrough,

R. Hawman.
Marked
or
Variegated." 1, L. Belk.
Mvlks."
2. Stephens and
Goldfinch
". Beloe.
vhe, Wallace
c, T. Allcnby, Durham
Leek.
;
3, R. Paxton, Belford.
" Wynne.
Dark
Burniston.
2, J. Taylor.
8,
Jonque." \, Moore
W.
" C.
Wallace
Sl Beloe.
Dark
Mealy." 1, G.
c. T. Tcnniswood;
Stephens " Leek.
" Beloe.
Howe,
vhe, FaircloughiS:
he, Wallaco.
Fox.
2, Wallace
8,S. Tomes,
and Bclne.
he, G. Gayton;
Class."
2, J. Eagle. 3,J. Cleminson.
Selling
1, G. Gayton.
"
Beloe.
Wallace
R. Forsythe ;
brough.
Goldfinch."
3, T. Tenniswood, Middles1, J. Taylor. 2, Stephens " Leek.

Middlesbrough:

British

Roper.
Foreign
c, Wallace

Birds.8, G. Cox.
Birds."
" Beloe

other
./!"?/

Variety."I

vhe, W,

and

"

C. Burniston.

?, J.

c, R. Stevens.

variety." I,W. L. Beloe (Golden Pheasants). 2, 8,onfl

.-Ihj/
Love Bii'ds,and Bishop Birds).
(Golden Pheasant, African

DISTRICT
PRIZES.
Ticked."
2. W. Grieve.
/!"?/Breed." 1, P. Fnrrell.
3, J. Teague,
W. Headsmith.
he,P. Fnrrell ; J. Teague.
I'/ic,
Evenly-marked..Ihj/ breed except Norwich."
1,3. R. Nisbet, Spittal.2, T.
Robertson, Berwick.
3, P. Farrel.
Clear

or

Woolraarket.

The

Judges

were

Mr.

Thomas

Clart,Sunderland, and Mr. Henry

M'Dougall,Edinburgh.

(Andalusian).
Game
Pigeon
BAi;iA-MB."Blaek-hrcasicd and other ricd.-i."l.
Poultry
The prizelist ia licb,
Rev. E. S Tiddeman.
Kendal
Show.
and
2, Bellingham " Gill. 8, O. E. Cresswell.
F. Cooper,
he, C. H. Ames
e,
; Rev.
silver cups in addition to the prizes,
the
there being thirty-nine
C. H. Webb.
2 and
it Gill.
Any other Variety."1. Bellingham
3, Rev. F
Cooper. Any Vuriety."l,C. H Webb.
first of which is two sovereigns. The entrance fees are small.
he, Belling2, Asbley and Maitland.
ham
(fcGill.
Bauta^s." Gold or Silver-laced.-l
and 2, M. Leno.
8, J. Watts,
he,J. R.
JesBop ; G. w. Boothby.
c, F. Hodding.
Any other variety."1,3. Hichel. 2,3.
I do not know if all the
Weight
of Eunts
at BiiiMiNanAM.
"r^fx'-^
I''^-^^^^ (Cuckoo), he. Rev. W. Serjeantson. c, G. Francis (Black);
J. Whitehead ; S. " R. Ashton
Euntfl were
on
weighed, but I was surprised this morniDg
; W. Bishop.
"

"

JOUENAL

14, 1871. ]

December

OF

AND

HORTICULTURE

470

GARDENEK.

COTTAGE

than described,the
feel it was
Show that ought to be seen
more
a
"weighingthe two highlycommended
pens to find that one
ment
universal opinion
being,that there was an air of elegance and refinepairweighed 4J lbs.,and the other 4i lbs. I know the Blues
in
other shows of our
about
it
that
be
not
to
found
was
many
they went to the CrystalPalace,
weighed 4 lbs. G ozs. when
is
before I sold them.

EOYAL

DUBLIN

hundred

SOCIETY'S

SHOW.

POULTRY

:
"

1, Mise De rom-cy Drevar, Blacki'ock. 2, E. P.

(Silvcr-Grey)."
he, J. C. Co-per, Limenck.
"vViUiams, Clontart.
Third, S. Mowbray, Moimtrath.
Chickens
Gc. Mulligan, Belfast.
"1, Mrs. Warburlon, Kill.Naas. 2, Capt.
J. Massy, Limerick.
: Hon.
Downman,
Kingstown, he, Mrs. Warbui'ton
2, G. A. Stephens,
Dorkings
(Any other variety)."!, Mrs. Warburton.
Chickens." 1,A. Stephens.
Dublin.
Co. Dublin.
S. G. A. Perrin,Loughlinsto^vn,
% W. a. Mulligan.
c, T. A. Bond,
Drevar.
Spanish."
he, W. G. Mulligan,
1, Miss De Conrcy
Chickens."
Londonderry.
2, W. G. Mulligan, he. J. Barlow, Chapelizod.
J. Massy,
he, Capt. DownPootras.Brahma
2. Hon.
1, G. A. Stephens.
Warburton
Chickens." 1, G. A. Stephens.
man,
; E. Dore, Dublin.
c, Mrs.
c, Capt. Downman.
2, L. F. Perrin.
Cochin-Chinas."
2, J. K. Milner,
1, W. H. Perrin, Chantilly.Co. Dublin.
Cherbury, Co. Dublin,
he, L. Stonie, M.D., Dublin,
c, F. W. Zurhorst, Dublin.
C;iicifc"!7!"."land2,\V.H.Perrin.
he, Miss L. Warburton, Kill, Co. Kildal-e.
J.
C.
Cooper.
.5,
1 and 2, G. A. Pen-in.
Game."
Chiekens."l and 2, G. A. Pen-in.
Hambueghs
lie,E. P. Williams.
(Pencilled)."2, L. Stonie, M.D.
Hambdrghs
2, G. A. Perrin.
he,Capt. Down(Spangled)."1, S. Mowbray.
Dorkings

.;. W.

man.

Drevar.
De Courcy
Polands
(White or Black-crested)." 1, Miss
Williams,
he, J. K. Milner.
c, W. G. Mulligan.
La Fleche.
1 aud he, G. A. Stephens.
2, Capt. Downman.
HODDANS."
1 and c, J. C. Cooper.
2, G. A. Stephens.
CEEVE-OffiuRS." 1,G. A. Stephens. 2,Hon. J. Massy,
c, E. J. Poer,
"

SINGLE
Dorking."

1, Mrs. Wai-burton.

domestic than
more
Aud, indeed,what animal
that this animal should have itsadmirers,
the cat ? and it is well,therefore,
and care
and attention bestowed on it,for if we try for beauty
for beauty in those that
in our
out-door animals, why not stillmore
fireside ?
There is now
but little doubt that cat
sitby us at our own
domestic animals.

S. A. W.

tinued
conand was
ivinter Show opened on the 5th inst.,
Society's
were
tlie following
two
upwards of four
on
days. There
were
a
wards
entries of poultry
and Pigeons. The following

This

made

"

COOKS.
c, Mrs.

2, J. C. Cooper,

M.

as permanent as poultry
shows will become
shows, and if we may form
Palace,will receivea greater
any criterionfrom those held at the Crystal
from
the
than
almost
amount
of support
public
any other kind of
show, as we find that nearly20,000 persons visited this second Show
at the Crystal Palace, althoughthen the weather was
very severe,
prevented many from being present. We mention this
and, therefore,
merelyto show that the domestic cat has many friends,and we are of
to
opiniontheywill now rapidlyincrease,nor should we be surprised
find the next Show numbering two or three times as many
specimens
and attracting
visitors.
and of stillfiner quality,
more
many
the Lady Mildred Beresford
The
Judges on this occasion were

Lady Dorothy Nevill, the Rev. J. Cumming Macdone,

Weir, Esq.,F.E.H.S., and John Jenner Weir, Esq.,F.L.S.

the

Hope,
Harrison

LARGE
My
hives

OR

SMALL

HIVES.

small
experiencein keeping bees in largeand reasonably

be of service to some
of your readers similarly
may
situated to myself.
The first things to be considered are situation and the nature
of the surrounding country. I keep my bees six miles from
Limerick.
London, on the Surrey side,which I must confess is not at all
2, R, P.

Ashton, Phosnix

Tark, Dublin.
Spanish."
1, W. G. Mulligan. 2, Miss De Courcy Drevar.
Cochin-China."
1,J. K. Milner.
2, W. H. Perrin.
Brahma
Pootra."
1 and 2, Mrs. Warburton.
c, R. P. Williams.
1 and
La Fleche."
he, G. A. Stephens.
2, E.J. Poer.
c, A. Field,Blackrock.
HouDAN.
1, G. A. Stephens.
2, J. C. Cooper.
Cheve-Ccedr.
2 aud he,E. J. Poer.
1, Hon. J. Massy.
Game.
1,2. and he, G. A. Perrin.
J.
not
Any
VABiETr
PBE^^ouSLY
Mentioned."
1, S. Mowbray.
2, Hon.
Massy,
c, E. P. Williams.
1 and
Game
Bantams.he, G. A. Perrin.
2, W. G. Mulligan.
Any
2 T. A. Bond, Londonderry.
other
Variety."
1. E. J. Poer.
A. Field, e, Miss L. King, Geashill.
Fat
Fowls."
/tc,
"

"

"

PIGEONS.
Carriers.1, J. M'Donnell, Upper Rathmines.
2, E. W. Smith, Cahir.
Pouters
"he, E. A. Seals, c. F. W. Zurhorst.
1 and lie,
Owls."
.J.Dowling, Cork.
2, J. M'Donnell.
e, H. L. Tiyy, Cork.
1 and he, E. A. Seale.
Tumblers."
2, .1.Dowling.
1 and 2, J. Dow-ling, he, R. W. Smith.
Bases."
Trumpeters.1. J. Dowling.
2, H. L. Tiyy.
1 and 2, E. A. Seale.
Fantails."
TuRBiTB."
1, E. A. Seale. c, J. K. Milner.
Jacobins.
1, R. W. Smith.
2, E. A. Seale.
c, J. Dowling.
Nuns.
I and he,J. Dowling.
2, E. A. Seale.
Homing."
he, J.
1, G. M. Caparn, Beggar's Bush.
2, F. W. Zurhorst.
"

"

of my neighpromising locality
; and it is a fact that many
who
have attempted to keep bees have been obliged to
give them up, as they have never been able to obtain a drop of
in this way : There are
honey. But I account for my success
a

boars

"

two seasons
at which the bees obtain the most
honey. The
first is the spring,when all the fruit and garden trees are in
the limes are
full bloom ; and the second about July,when
ing
for obtainfullyout. I always rely upon these two seasons
I have kept bees both in large
most of my honey. Now
the
smaller
and small hives,and I certainly
to
a
give
preference
hive, for while I have always succeeded tolerablywith the
I find I do not succeed so well with the largerhives.
latter,
In a largehive I have never
yet succeeded in gettingthe bees
to work
a super, although to all appearance
very strong in
w
ithout
drivingthe bees,I can obtain no
numbers, therefore,
With a smaller hive,on the contrary,I can
honey from them.
always get the bees to work a super, and what is very essential

quicklythan
they can filla small hive with comb so much more
I may state that I usuallykeep one large hive
a
largerone.
and add all the late swarms
lo it,but I find I cannot do much
with them.
This may, perhaps,
be owing to the make-up, but
I do not lose many
bees during these operations. As a proof
CRYSTAL
THE
SECOND
CAT
THE
SHOW
AT
of the above,I have had 35 lbs. of honey from four small hives,
and I have left the hives quitestrongenough to pass through
PALACE.
the winter,but I have had to drive a large hive,which only
Another
cat show at the Crystal
The
Palace,and another success.
entries were
about
yieldedabout 25 lbs. Cakolus, Tooting.
two- thirds more
than at the first show, an
prised,
comof course,
far greatervarietyof form and colour,and the
a
ence
[We are rightglad to receivesuch notices of practicalexperithereforefar more
exhibition was
Lookingover the list
interesting.
With regard to a preferencefor largeor small
as yours.
of the exhibitors,
find nearlyas many, if not quiteas many,
we
tlemen
genits
which
for
it
ia
a
answer
must
depend
question
hives,
upon
It
as
So-and-so."
ladies,besides here and there a Master
the size of the swarms
two things: first,
put into them ;
said when a cat show was
first announced
was
that all the
old
secondly,the nature of the honey pasturage in the vicinity.
ladies
would be sendingtheir pets, but the result proves that men
Into big hives is,of course, an absurdity;
To put small swarms
are
The Earl of Hopetoun sent no
as fond of cats as the gentlersex.
however
less than seven
large,into a big
fine specimens,
some
half-bred similarlyit is absurd to put a swarm,
amongst which were
wild cats. But, perhaps,
hive if the honey-producing power of the surrounding district
the most attractiveanimal of the Show, or,
at least,
the most scarce, was
is fittingin
real tortoiseshellhe-cat red,yellow, is small.
alone decide what
a
Circumstances
can
and black,with no white.
Almost everyone knows that the existence each case.
At the same
time, given a fine pasturage and a
of such is denied,yet at the Crystal Palace Show there was one, and
and we
unheeitatinglysay use a large hive.
full-sized swarm,
rare
as it is supposed
to be, the priceof "lu onlywas
marked on it.
that a supered hive is often
be borne in mind
But it must
Most of the other classes contained
fine specimensof their kind, the
hive.
Eds.]
virtuallya big
Tortoiseshell and White
being very rich in colour and beautifully

Dowling.
Judges : Mr. E. Hutton,
pagh,Clondalkin.
"

Pudsey,and

Mr.

C. F.

Staunton, Cap-

"

"

"

"

"

"

marked.

The

Tabbies varied much

in their black and brown tracings,
some
beingvery dark,while in others the lines had almost disappeared,
BEES.
WINTERING
and
the fur presentedmore
the appearance of that of a rabbit,or
bee friends are
American
OuK
Chinchilla squirrel.
trying curious experiments
Then the White cats were
which seem
to thrive in that continent
in particular with
their favourites,
a
one
charming variety,
being extremelybeautiful,the eye having a deep ultramarine hue.
wonderfully. Among others is a new mode of wintering,which
This was
short-haired cat.
a
At the last Show, a long-haired
o!
one
is confidentlyrecommended
by a gentleman of the name
the same
fine quality
of colour in the eye.
possessed
colonies are wintered
G-rand-lookingHosmer.
finds that when
Mr. Hosmer
cats were
the half-bred wild sent by the Zoological
Society,
Eegent's in a warm
number
of
have
a
it
is
not
to
large
place
necessary
Park, and they showed evident traces of their origin; but the two
bees in a hive. A quart,he says, will be sufiScient for the safety
in the Show were
ami Miss Hawthorn,
those sent by Miss Amos
largest
The theory is that the old bees which have consumed
of
both of which weighed 21 lbs.,and were
awarded
equal first prizes. any queen.
honey all the winter die soon after they first fiyin the
The heaviest long-haired
much larger,
cat, thoughlooking
weighedbut
spring,and have had their winter's hoard for nothing,while
18f lbs.,and was beautiful in colour.
Bat where so many were good it ia difficult
bees have a lease of lifebefore them and are full of
aud we
to individualise,
younger

JOURNAL

480

OF

HOETICULTDBE

AND

vigour for the important work of assistingin the breeding

operationsof the hive early in the spring. Consequently he
late breeding,and prefersa number
of what
would
encourage
Mr. Hosmer
should call weak hives.
rears
we
surplusqueens
in small boxes,and then, about the season
of the year that we
weak colonies to make
all strong
accnstomed
to unite our
are
for the winter,he divides his strong ones, so that with each
he has only a moderate
supply of beea,and honey iu
queen
proportion."
this
Now, however
contrary
ordinarynotions
may be to our
of safe management of bees,I am persuaded there is something
"

COTTAGE

14, 1871.

[ December

GARDENEK.

take the chill off,will induce them to wash in a moment.

Ours are doing
A littlehempseed warms
so this frostymorning.
Pigeons for a journey
to a show this cold weather, and on
this and good beans
returning home
best. Fowls are dusting birds, and will not wash
tliemselves.
are
now
The best plan is to wash
iu a room
their heads and legs, then put them
in the
thickly covered with clean straw, throw a few handfuls of wheat
ing
straw, scatteriogthe grain thinly,and the birds in searching and scratchfor the wheat
will clean themselves
beautifully.
Weaver

Birds

apparently a piir of yellow Bishops

Weaver birds,of which
there are many
Procure
German
some
paste from
Hawkins's, 6, Bear Street,Leicester Square, or any other dealer,and give
and then for a trcLitif the birds eat it. Canary and millet seed
a little now
the proper staple food ; hemp
are
only occasionally for a treat no rape;
Of course
such treatment
in it which deserves consideration.
Moulting begins in January, and ends in July. Supply bits of hay, dry
see
if they twine them in the cage wires. They have no
grass, "c., and
would be fatal to all hives left out allthe winter on their stances.
and
Give green food only occasionally. Try a w.itercress
now
song.
would
Some
starve to death of hunger and others of cold.
occasionally,
then, and hard-boiled yolk of egg, and stale bread crumbs
of winteringbees were
But if a different mode
adopted supday. They will live with other birds well
posing but a bath often in a sunny
warmth
We
should
than Canaries.
it possiblefor us to stow them away in dry lofts in total enough, but probably require more
keep the Canaries in one cage, and some
foreign Finches and the Weavers
darkness
end
from the middle of November
or
to the middle
tame
in another.
frequented
by being kept iu a room
They are rendered
would
of February I cannot
but believe this treatment
be
by the family. If yours mope they may be moulting.
in bird-dealers'
sorts. Most of

[Edith). They
language African
"

are

"

them

eat

insects.

"

"

"

found
beneficial ; especially
if we could contrive to get rid of
bees and encourage
late breeding in autumn.
all summer-bred
From
the greaterand more
continued
severityof their winters
in America
dark

and

OBSERVATIONS.

METEOROLOGICAL

they appear commonly to stow away their hives in

places,as they do iu the colder regions of

Camden

Lat.

warm

51" 32' 40" N. ;

Square,

London.
; Altitude 111 feet.

0^ 8' 0" W.

Long.

Europe.
It might
in

cases

honey,

be well to give this plan a trial ; and especially

where
hives are known
both in bees and
to be weak
and I fear there are many
such this year.
Skeps half

full of comb
would
winter
I
particularlywell in this way.
should advise their beingsuspended from a beam
with the floor
board
as
hung beneath them and slopingin one direction,
so
to carry off any bees which happened to die during the winter.
It is absoluttly
they should be in total darkness.
necessary
The

floor-board

should touch the hive on

live bees to crawl back again if
the hives
accidentally.Of course

any
down

one

side so as to permit
to fall
have
treated must
bees during their

they happened
so

enough honey or bee-food

little as may
incarceration,

to support the
be the quantityrequired.
Some of your readers will recollect an experiment as to burying
bees in the ground,which was
largelytried some
twenty
The
results
chronicled
in
were
duly
years ago.
your pages.
It was
and settled for ever
this mode
of
a
complete failure,
wintering. In almost every case the bees died of damp and
dysentery.It is,however, quitea differentthing to stow them
iu dry lofts or cellars. Will any of your apiarianreaders
away
try the experiment on a small scale,and report the issue ? I
would not recommend
treated,
any strong stocks to be so
of the hive in such cases
because the natural warmth
would
restless
: they would therefore
become
tempt the bees to activity
and

uneasy,

and

more

best leftto themselves

disposedto
their

on

crawl out.
Strong stocks
B. " W.
stances.

summer

are

"

REMARKS.
6th.

Thick in early morning, very dark at 8.30 a.m., bright at noon, and
fine day on the whole.
7th.- Frosty and dull in morning, bright at 1 p.m., rapidlychanging ; very
dark
at G p.m., cold northerly wind.
with snow
8th. Very sharp frost with thick white fog in the morning, occasionally
11 and 2, then
dull (though fair)all dvy.
bright between
9th." Vtry dull and cold all day, frequent slightfalls of snow.
li'th. Still frosty but not so intense, fair all day but no sunshine,
nth." Morning dark, very bright at noon, slight rain about 2 p.m., dull
after.
12th." Apparently fine above the fog in the morning
and occasionally
in the
bright about noon, but very thick,damp, and uncomfortable
afternoon, rather better in the evening.
for DecemThe temperature of the week has been unusually low, even
ber.
also is equally noteworthy.
The height of the barometer
G. J.
Symons.
"

"

"

"

COVENT

LETTER

BOX.

Scottish
Colcmbabiah
Association's
Show
(Capt. B. and others)."
You
all quite juBtifiedin mentioning the prizes offered as " most
are
handsome."
We were
amused
by the doubt as to its "promoters" being
trustworthy. VPe can say unreservedly. Perfectly so.
Geasses
mixture aud

Poultry

Kun
(J.^.)." On your light soil the following
quantities are for an acre;
Alopecurus pratensis, 2 lbs. ;
Dactj-lisglomerata, 5 lbs. ; Festuca duriuscula, 2 lbs. ; F. pratensis,S lbs. ;
F. rubra, li lb. ; Lolium
10 lbs ; PWeum
italicnm, 7 lbs. ; L. perenne,
pratense, 1 lb. ; Poa nemoralis sempervirens, IJ lb. ; P. pratensis,1^ lb. ;
Medicago lupulina, 1 lb. ; Trif olium pratense, 1 lb. ; T. pratense perenne,
2i lbs. ; and T. repens, 6 lbs.
foh

"

Woodbury
Hive
{Youtz). If you enclose five postage stamps with
for the Many"
to be sent, you
your address, and order "Beekeeping
will have it post free. It contains
a
description of the Woodbury and
other hives, and how to manage
beee.
"

Fallen

Comes (H. Jenner). It would not be safe to attempt transferring

combs and bees into a bar bos at this time
of the year, and unless
the combs are
fallen down
so
and jammed
together as to block up
the lower portion of the hives, we
be better to defer any
think it would
attempt to rectifythe evil until mild weather in March
or
ever,
April If,howthe combs
are badly massed
together,you can turn each hive, with
its board, npside-down in a bucket, and having removed
the board, adjust
the combs in position as well as you
can
at the proper
distance apart.
Put in half-inch slipsof wood
between
each comb to keep them in place,
and
two
thickness may
long pieces of the proper
be placed across
the
bottom of the combs.
The board may
then be put on, and the hive carefully
reversed
to its proper position. This may
be done on any mild day,
or
in a warm
slips are prepared previously,but
room, and if the wooden
littletime need be occupied in the operation,unless the combs have been
much
fastened together. We
should prefer this plan to that of transferring
the contents of the hives into small supers.

GARDEN

MARKET."

December

18.

We

have no
alteration to report. Owing to unfortunate
in
work, which have a great bearing upon the movements
best goods, prices are likelyto recede.

our

influences at
markets for

FRUIT.
s. d.

Apples

i sieve

0 to 4

Apricots

0
doz.
Cherries
lb. 0
bushel
Cbestnuta
10
0
Cm*rant9
i sieve
Black
do.
0
0
doz.
Figs
Filberts
lb. 0
lb. 0
Cobs
lb. 2
Grapes, Hothouse....
Gooseberries
quart 0
^100
8
Lemons
each 2
Melons

0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0

Molberries
Nectarines

20
0

Peaches

Pears, kitchen

0
0

6
6
0

0
0
0

Oranges

0 0
10
10
6 0

Pine Apples
Plums

Quinces.,

12
S

o
0

doz.
doz.

OtoO
0
C
0 10
0 12
0

doz.

0
0

G
6
0
0
0
0
25
3

moO

dessert

lb. 3
0
i siovo
lb. 0
lb. 0
.diiz. 0
bushpl
10
10
^100

Raspberries
Strawberries.,

0
0

Walnuts
ditto

s.

0
0
-1
G
2

lb.
doz.

"

OUR

0
0

"

the

Washing
Pioeons
for
Showino, "o. (H. J. R. S.)."Pigeons best clean
themselves ; they are great washers, and
struggle and fight with each
other for the bath.
They always bathe in the morning, and a shallow
pan placed in a gleam of sun
in winter, and a few drops of hot water to

VEGET.VBLES.
.

doz.
Aiiichokea
If^lOO.
Asparagus
Beans, Kidney....^ sieve
bushel
doz.
bundle
Broccoh
Brussels
Sprouts..J sieve
doz.
Cabbage
Tf^lOO
Capsicums
bunch
Carrots
doz.
Cauliflower
bundle
Celery
doz. hunches
Coleworts..
each
Cucumbers
,..,.doz.
pickling
Endive
doz.
bunch
Fennel
lb.
Garlic
bunch
Herbs
Broad

Beet, Red

Horseradish

bundle

d.

OtoO

8.

B.

Leeks
Lettuce
Mushrooms
" Cress,
Mustard
Onions

pickling

bunch
doz.

pottle
.punnet
bushel

quart

Parsley
Parsnips

siovo
doz.

Peas
Potatoes

quart

Kidaey
Radishes.,
Rhubarb

Savoys

doz.

buahel
do.
bunches
bu ndlo
doz.

Soa-uale
Shallots

baatcot

Spinacb

buBhel

Tomatoes

doz.
bunch
doz.
Morrows..

Turnips
Vegetable

lb.

10
1
0

d.

B.

StoO
2

d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

JOURNAL

482

OF

HORTICULTURE

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

[ December

21, 1871.

one
of these a respectable
immediately under notice,farther
by one or two others. By means
was
kept up for some
appearance
nnnecesaary.
years until Christine came
Esturning, therefore,to the Scarlet section,I believe the out, and though many faults have been found with this variety,
the old Horseshoe-leaved
called
it is, nevertheless,
first improvement on
was
more
at the present day than any
grown
other of the same
in those days, and a very approcolour.
There have been produced during
Waterloo, a favourite name
priate
the
last
The
which
followed
few
rivals
Hero
too.
a
to
this,
one
Brighton
it,of which Wiltshire Lass,
years many
Rose Eendatler, Beautfi de Suresnes, Helen
varietyhaving a less distinct horseshoe marking and a much
Lindsay, Blue
brighterflower, attained a rather respectableposition,being Bell,and others have all had their admirers,including,also,
ever,
of the Nosegay class,
some
of which
Pink Stella may
be refor some
garded
jears the favourite bedding plant. Eventually,howthe type ; but I would rather that some
it was
else elected a
one
superseded by others of its class,of which one
which
this
class
than
take
the
Sol
became
about
after
to
of
common
called
principal
responsibility doing so
1836, soon
to the
time the importance of scarlet Geraniums
as ornaments
myself. If called upon to give an opinion,I would say that
Blue Bell is about as showy as any, the pink tint partakinga
there arose
flower garden were
a
fullyacknowledged. Now
divided
host of aspirantsto distinction,
and the class became
though not much, of a blue colour,and not nearlyso
little,
less downy, much
hereafter.
into two sections : one
with foliage
as I hope to see in the Geranium
more
or
tall,
was
representedby the Emperor, or Smith's Emperor, a tall, White-floweringGeraniums of the Zonal section have never
the
in
reached
the
with
heads
flowers
of
size
of
same
opinion,
strong-growingplant
large
yet,
degree of perfection
;
my
that the Scarlet have.
The White, if deserving the name, is,
less shining,and was
other was
or
shorter,with leaves more
in all the varietiesI have seen, a dirtyone, a stain of pink or
in by such names
ushered
the Huntsman
and Frogmore
as
other hue pervading almost every petal; and, indeed,
some
Scarlet. The latter differed but littlefrom Tom Thumb, which
for beauty of flower coupled with good foliage,
there has none
followed it some
years afterwards ; and whether a spuriousTom
of the so-called Whites of the Zonal section come
made
Thumb
its appearance
or not I cannot
up to the
say, but for some
could
three
the
last-named
kind
I
The
White-flowered Ivy-leaved.
two or
came
shining foliageof the latter
out,
years after
the Tom
I had and the
not see any difference between
Thumb
shows-up the flower to advantage ; but as that section may be

section being akin to the

remarliB about

ceeded

it are

I believe the late Mr. Beaton

and may, perhaps,be thought an unfair
could make
never
spoken of separately,
under
of Tom
it need not be put in
Thumb, and I do not think it was ever a rival to the class now
discussion,
favourite of his. Nevertheless
it must
be admitted that Tom
comparison with it. I must say that if a good white-flowered
kind could be obtained,without that very dark zone which most
Thumb
used
reignedsupreme in the class of scarlet Geraniums
of them
have
in fact,if a good white flower could be put
for bedding purposes
for a much
longer period than any had
Tom- Thumb
done before or has done since. The plant had a good habit, and
a
foliage the appearance would be much
upon
become
which
tended
not sure they would ever
was
to prolong Tom
improved. Still I am
very
easy of culture,reasons
Thumb's
time after his rivals had fairly popular, for as foliage now-a-dayshas in a great measure
popularityfor some
taken the place of white flowers,
this class is not so much
Even now
the
eclipsedhim in the contest for floral honours.
wanted.
I may inform
is often brought up in connection with scarlet Geraniums,
those interested in such
Nevertheless,
name
been
it
the
that
have
Geraniums
white-flowered Zonal
although may fairlybe regarded as having ceased to be
matters,
for
rated
acceleknown
for
than
some
Its
decline
more
ten
was
champion
eightor
considerably
fortyyears, but the section
years.
in a great measure
membrance
by the late Mr. Beaton introducing was never considered of much
importance,and I have no reof the first-named
the class of bedding Geraniums
known
the Nosegay
now
as
variety. Amongst those we
and
have grown
here I can
section ; and to one
of these the hero of several years had to
it any difierence,
see
very little,
in such names
succumb.
Stella beat Tom
as
Ave Marie, White Perfection,
ing
yet they rejoice
Thumb, and I believe I am speakwithin bounds
when
I say that from 1863 to 1869 Stella Ethel, Purity,Virgo Marie, Madame
and
more
some
;
Vaucher,
than any other variety. Tom
Thumb
in the
all of these have a dark horseshoe
was
more
marking, or a stain of
grown
meantime
other colour in the flowers,
and when
declined,but regal honours are at best bat fleeting,some
they decay the
and Stella has had its day. Having during the last few weeks
than that of any
they presentis more
objectionable
appearance
several flower gardens,I had the opportunityof noticing other Geranium.
seen
those flowers which appeared the most popular,and asked a
It is needless to mention
the other floweringvarietiesof this
friend who had travelled much
about,which was the best at the family; rather let me explainwhat is wanted than repeatwhat

Frogmore.

anythingout

"

"

blue in the flower,

Seedling, we possess. We want a class with more
and
I imagine this is more
all that came
before it an
likelyto be obtained through
this
of which
I do not pronounce
the pink section,
Wiltshire Lass and Blue Bell are
opinion in which I fully concur.
or
a small
varieties,as
opinion on the experienceof one season
quantityof the types, than through the darker-coloured
plants,but upon that of three or four years, and rather an
Magenta, Celestial,Enchantress, and others. In these, I
extensive cultivation of it and others.
the
crimson
but
of that experienced
I do not, however, deny
think
predominates too much,
merit to other kinds,some
of which may
hybridistswill be better able to judge. There is
possiblydo as well
elsewhere as Waltham
other class it would be wrong
here, and
one
not to mention
ticed
Seedling has done where I have noit.
that is those having the tips of the petalsof a paler hue
From
the advent of Tom
of the flower.
The
livelyappearance
Thumb, about 1842, until the than the remainder
that I am
quainted
acof this family these flowers present,at least the few of them
present time many and very important members
their appearance, and one
have made
to promise a useful future for them ; but
with, seems
amongst the number as
old as Tom
Thumb
is
limited
to
is still popular. It representsa section
two
only
knowledge
having
grown
varieties,
my
both lightand Rosy Circle,
which, strange to say, has not been improved upon since, in any quantityEugenie Mezard
and conI think lightones
will be best, as anything that
and that is Mangles' Variegated. This fast-growing
venient coloured.
be detrimental
formationtends to soften the brilliant hue of the scarlet must
transplant ought certainlyto have undergone some
to garto its effect unless it be close to the observer.
daring the thirtyyears it has been known
deners,
Mr.
that
Fish
there
the
salmon
I
find
it
both
in
and
Of
class
of
and
dull
flower
redcolonrs,
yet
is, still unchanged

present day, and

which

he

beats Stella

as

unhesitatinglysaid Waltham
Stella did

its constitution
foliage. Fortunately

"

does not seem

impaired,
before.
It has done good service in its
enthusiastic growers have promised
although some
to change its somewhat
dull white garb into a brightyellowone,
fond of the
ithas not yet been done. I am
not particularly
yellowsection;a clear,good,white edgingbeing in my opinion
of more
importance in the flower garden.
But returningto the Scarlet class. I believe I am
rightin
Thumb
the all-importantone twenty
assertingthat Tom
was
I have put Stella as Tom
years ago, but which is the one now?
ThuDjib'ssuccessor, and Waltham
Seedling as superseding
Stella,
basing my opinion on the generalapproval the public
has given to these varieties,
and not on
that of individual
high their judgment might stand.
growers, however
Next to the Scarlets in point of utility
the Pink-flowered
are
kinds,and I do not recollect any of merit before 1846 or 1847,
I
when, think,Lucia rosea made its appearance, and was sucit grows
time, and
as

as

well

as

sixteen or seventeen years

still grows Rubens, a varietysome
further back to
old,and yet good. I hardly know how much
popular until
go for one of this colour,as it did not become
that time, since which there has been no lack of varieties. One
Indian Yellow,
of my greatestfavourites for some
years was
of poor Beaton's,but Hector, Mrs. Longman,
also another
salmon oolonr,
a
nd
not
some
properly
Striking,
others,although
all good in their way ; whilst amongst the rose-tintedclass
are
I also find Mr. Fish has returned to old Trentham
Rose, after
recent kinds. I myselfhardly know
having tried many more
to
to givethe preferenceto in this class,
as
they seem
such aa
When
merge into the darker hue so imperceptibly.
Duchess
of Sutherland, Dr. Kirkland, and others put forth
from
leave somebody else to choose one
their claims,I must
eminently
having of late years appeared so preamongst them, none
were
popular in this way as Stellaand Tom Thumb

which

among

the Scarlets.

December

We

now

21,1871. ]
take

family,and

JOURNAL
another

glance at
one

which

somehow

OF

HOETICULTUBE

nium
section of the greatGerahas

made

less progress
Specimens of

class.
the other
namely, the Silver-edged
than fortyyears ago, and
this were in cultivation more

than

"

improvement
during which

made

for

fifteen

no

sixteen

great

years,
littleused for bedding purtime the plant was
poses.
One
about
called Jackson's Variegatedbecame
known
1848,or before,and with an older one did duty where Mangles',
The
which dates back to about 1843,was thought unsuitable.
was

some

or

AND
fashion.
Golden

COTTAGE

483

GABDENEE.

This was
followed by Golden
Circle,Cloth of Gold,
others,until Mrs. Pollock made its apFleece,and some
pearance,
feature to the case, by supplya new
ing
givingaltogether

of Mrs. Pollock
a third colour to the leaf. Of the popularity
it is needless to speak,as it exists still,
and,althoughthe names
of its rivals are legion,continues to retain its place. The importance
other fine-coloured ones
is that they are badly
of some
other
in
bad
it
or
of
be
some
or
habit,
miffy,
grown,
may

which are necessary for a plant to

way deficient in the qualities
colour of the flower of these old white variegatedkinds was not
make way in the world, otherwise such varietiesasLady CuUum,
Florence,Louisa Smith, Sophia Damaresque, and EdwinaFitzvery good, and a good scarlet and a plant of better habit was
that
desired in 1850 or 1851.
These qualities
much
would
it is known
be popular enough. When
were
presented patrick,
to us in Flower
of the Day, a varietystill in cultivation,but
perhaps as many growers lose these kinds as propagatethem,
considerable improvements have been made since then. Flower
Mrs. Pollock is certainlybetter to
enough has been said.
There is another class that may
of the Day was
in great demand
at the time, and, perhaps, manage
than some
of them.
Chain
more
and Mrs. Pollock,was
be carved out of this family which reallydo pretty well,and
next to Golden
grown than
these are those having less pretensionsto foliage
soon
display,but a
any of the leaf-class ; but rivals to Flower of the Day were

it by many
robust growth and tolerably
forthcoming. Osborn's Brilliant surpassed
degrees more
good floweringqualifications,
in the brilliancy
ciding
and abundance
of its flowers ; in fact,
I believe
as
Perilla,Befulgens,and Her Majesty. Bat the task of deI am speakingwithin bounds when I say that Brilliant has never
merits of those which onlylay claim_
to
the respective
on
been exceeded for abundant
blooming. It is also one that Mr.
one
else,since,having
foliageattractions X must leave to some
Fish recommended
As a bloomer, Brilliant
class for bedding purposes,
to a great extent.
before said I preferthe Silver-edged
occupied a higher positionthen than it at present does,for I fear I could not be held as impartialif I gave credit to
its foliage
is hardly white enough, but the habit is dwarf,while
as
individuals in a class which I have already condemned
a.
at the same
time it is a free grower, and a greaternumber
of
whole.
pected,
cuttingso! Brilliant can be put into a box, pot, or pan than
Having extended this paper to a greaterlength than was exthere can of any other kind I know, and theyinvariablydo well.
what I have to say on
I must
sum
up in few words
Where
out
to look well witha good white-edgedvarietyis wanted
of Geraniums
the merits and demerits
plantedout in beds.
sufficient to
flower.Bijou,Flower of the Spring,Shottesham Pet, Silver In my opiniona singleinspectionis by no means
and
stand
but
I
confess
of
the reverse, but let
either
or
to commendation
Star,Queen
Queens,
others,
higher;
entitlea plant
nicled"
to not being able to discern all the differencesthat are made in
and its character duly chroit be watched the whole summer

this class.
A
the

from

the

middle

of June

to the

middle

of October

"

to be noticed,and that is and if this were

done once a-week with each aspirantto bedding
widely different remains
to arrive
white-edged Oak-leaved,called,I think, Lady Plymouth. honours, itwould be more
easy at the end of the season
This is certainly
much
different from the others,that I do
so
at a conclusion as to the merits and shortcomings of each than
that
them.
not know
I am
i
n
it
I
It
this
is
for
with
reason
justified including
regard to do so on one particular
inspection.
the Silver-edged
Geraniums
of vastlymore
importance than the I do not pay so much regard to the otherwise valuable remarks
Golden
or
or
of the displayat Chiswick.
of the censors
Tricolors,
Seeing the whole
by whatever other name, such as Mrs.
unless they have
time is not enough, unless there is a very great number
Pollock,Lady CuUnm, and others are styled,
at one
then
close under the nose
and even
as
at
to be examined
of the inspector,
at least of each kind"
of plants" say fifty
the distance of 20 yards the white-edged ones
I
hold
have a finer
sary,
necesthe report would
not meet all the requirements
besides
much
of
better
and
due
the
have
in
flowering
being
delayed
appearance,
as circumstances
general,
grown
may
A more
more
kind and improved that of another.
eisilykept through the winter.
one
prolonged
I now
come
to the Ivy-leavedsection,
is necessary to insure a just
a very distinctclass, observation of their qualifications
I think capable of much
one
further improvement, and from
which plantsin quantity
Neither is the appearance
character.
which I think it possiblethe coveted blue tints might be obtainedmake
in a bed always to be depended upon.
Nothing can be
the
Zonal.
from
I
ecstacies
about the appearance
as
cannot precisely
as soon
fallacious than to go into
more
say when
this became
night
as
known
in plant- which certain beds present at the end of August after a fortcommon
a bedder,but it was
houses long before anyone
cient
All Geraniums
of fine dry weather.
are then
attempted to propagateit in suffior more
numbers
There
to make
to be a greater in their prime,and the very shyestbloomers are generally
a bed.
seems
gay ;
in some
of the varieties to this sportingthan there is but before a too hastyjudgment is given,an
liability
inquiryinto the
in the others,not in the foliage,
but in the flower,a crimson
past and a close inspectionshould be made, for it may very
The white,I think,is more
the gardener of the placeesteems
becoming a pink,and vice versa.
happen that the one
likely
to the garden,as the display most has fewest fiowers upon
fixed,and is a greateracquisition
it,and for a very good reason
of flower on
with the shining the plants have been severelymutilated
a
to supply cuttings,
bright sunny day, combined
provement
the paucityof flowers.
whence
produces a very showy effect. I think much imgreen leaf,
in the variegatedclass.
The
sort
An instance of this occurred here duringthe presentseason.
may be made
called Golden
nium
of Stella Gerahave are
two rows
dency In a long ribbon border we
possesses but little of that colour,and the tenof the white-edgedone, L'El^gante,to assume
a bronzy
350 feet long,or upwards. We wanted cuttingsof these,
hue
the
of
in hot weather, is a defect rather than
t
aken
off
about
one-half
an
but
advantage.
they were, unfortunately,
Duke
of Edinburgh is better,
but I still think improvement
curred
length instead of being out from the whole of it. This ocalike in foliage
I hope to see some
as in flower.
about the 1st of September, and although there are still
may be made
of the hues of the Petunia exemplified,
it is
and after that by degrees plenty of plants left where
taken off,
the cuttingswere
a better
lilac,
lavender,and eventually
a blue ; but this is conjectural. easy to tell to an
inch,by looking at one end, how far the
flowers.
of
taken
the
smaller quantity
cuttingshad been
by
There is one more
class which
I ought to include in this Now
beds ; a good favourite kind is of
this is the same
on
sketch of the family,and that is the Golden-coated
shows
section.
I
necessitymutilated,and towards the end of the season
confess enteringonthis partof the subject
It is advisable,
with much
it for this would be wrong.
reluctance, it,but to condemn
that I am
for the twofold reason
no
to make
admirer of them,
particular
therefore,on the part of those who would be judges,
and because I am
not sufficiently
versed in them to say much
not only with the treatment
themselves
thoroughlyacquainted,
the respectivemerits of the kinds most in use.
about
also
but
the
the
The
has
the plant
received during
ance
appearseason,
claims a much
Golden-edgedGeranium
higherantiquitythan is
it has presentedat certain portionsof it,as the good appearance
often supposed. I certainlysaw
it before 1826, but for very
ought
very often presentedin August and September^
and
many
years it was confined to the collections of the curious,
not to be a sufficient guarantee that they have been in the
its appearance
before that time.
out-doors until some
certainlydid not make
same
gay condition for months
time after the white-edged ones
had been so employed. I am
niums,
This observation,
though made here in reference to Geranot sure but that the gardeningworld is not in a greatmeasure
other plants,and especially
is also applicable
to many
for callingattention to the Golden
indebted to Mr. Beaton
there is the greatest
to such as Verbenas, on which
ma3S_of
fit and
Geranium
a
as
bloom.
Few plants,
plant for bedding purposes.
proper
indeed,continue to furnish that profusion
However this may be, I do not believe it has been so employed of bloom
that is often seen
at one
particulartime for more
than twenty years, or, perhaps,so much.
for more
Golden
in the year, and it is the grower'sduty to
than four months
Chain, the originof which I cannot give,was the kind first in ascertain whether he would rather have them allin a fortnight,
sort

"

JOUKNAL

iSi

or
"

have them
J. EOESON.

spreadover

OF

HOETICULTUKE

greaterspace of time iadlcated.

the

AND

COTTAGE

GAEDENEK.

[ December

Melville's

Heads

Variegatedor Garnishing.Habit
various-coloured,
transparentwhite or
"

fringedvrithgreen

or

white.

Sow

of the
various

21, 1871.

Dwarf Curled.
shades of red,

April15th.

Borecoles requirethe same

treatment as Brussels Sprouts,but
Cottagers'Kale should be planted2J feet apart, and the others
2 feet. The earliest sowings will come
into use after the first
forms very close hearts,
Early Dwarf
Ulji. This heads quietly,
frosts in October,and continue
good until April,for after the
Sow 5th and 10th of March, and April10th.
and is of fine flavour.
heads are taken oS a great number
of side shoots will be produced.
This likewise heads quickly,
forms a good but
Dwarf Green Curled.
Of Cottagers'Kale the heads should not be cut until
of March
and
the
not largeheart,and is hardy. Sow in the middle
The
second
will
be
in
fine condition by
February.
sowing
third week of April,
Christmas, and will continue in use up to April or May.
Drumhead
Globe.
or
Heads very large,firm,and good,but not so
The
of
Brussels
first
and Borecoles
Savoys,
the
Green
Curled.
in
the
of
March
sowings
Sprouts,
and
Sow
second week
hardy as
third week of April.
ought to be planted out from the 15 ch to the end of June, and
Feather-stemmed
or
Sprouting. Habit of the Brussels Sprouts, the second sowing from the 10th to the 2l8t of July. Plants
the stems being covered with compact, small.Savoy heads, which are
but they will be of less growth, and
may be put in afterwards,
delicious. Sow in the third week of March.
G. Abbey.
not unfrequentlyoccupy ground unprofitably.
soil and an
Savoys require deep,rich,well-manured
open
rather thinly,in order to
situation. The seeds should be sown
GOLD
FERNS."
AND
SILVER
No.
2.
produce sturdyplants,which should be prickedoff when they
have formed the second or third rough leaf,
and be planted 9ut
In resuming my remarks
these,I must impress upon
upon
while the stem
Plant in rotvs
is short.
2 feet apart,and the
my readers the necessityof keeping the fronds dry, or at least
distance from plant to plant. Eirly Dwarf
Ulm
should
same
the syringemust
be used, otherwise they will present a
never
be planted 18 inches apart every way, and is the best kind for wo-begone appearance.
small gardens. Stir the ground frequentlywith the hoe, and
NOTHOCHL^NA.
earth up the plantswhen
they are established.
In my former
article I named
few species of the genus
a
The first sowing of Early Ulm
will be fit for use
earlyin CheilanthoB,and I now
wish to draw attention to a few equally
head
September, and the first sowing of Green Carled and Drumbeautiful plants which
its
near
to
neighbour Nothobelong

SUCCESSIONS

OF

VEGETABLES"

No.

5.

SAVOYS.

"

"

"

"

"

from
the end of that month
The
np to Christmas.
second sowing of Early Ulm will come
into use early
in October,
and the late sowing of Green Curled and Drumhead
from the
until the warmth
of spring causes
beginning of November
the plants to start for flower. The Feather-stemmed
Savoys
in in October,but are the better of frost,
and continue to
comeuntil
late in spring.
yielddelicioussprouts

chla^na ; and
Cheilanthes

as

my

remarks

upon

the

treatment

necessary

for

necessary
equallyapplicableto Nothochlasua,it is unhere.
to recapitulate
N. TKicHOMANoiDES
is " beautiful species,
which should either
be grown in a batket or be planted in a recess
in the fernery
about level with the eye, as it is of pendulous growth. The
fronds are from 12 to 18 inches in length,pinnate, with the
pinnaeroundish and dark green above, whilst their under side
BRUSSELS
SPEODTS.
These change with age to
Habit
rohust ; height about 2 feet ; sprouts is clothed with white stellate scales.
Scrymger'sGiant.
a reddish
brown, and are in addition dusted over with a mealy
the stem, and excellent.
firm and close,
I do not conset on
sider
thickly
The
sori are black, and form a marginal band round
it necessary to grow any but this variety.
powder.
Imported. When the stock is good these form firm compact heads, each pinna. This very beautiful plant is,as far as I am aware,
but not so largeas the former.
peculiarto Jamaica.
Eoseberry. Habit tall; sprouts firm, close,and abundantlyproN. KUFA.
Another
similar in generalappearduced.
elegantspecies,
ance
to the preceding,but the pinna; are
smaller and toothed
The first sowing should be made
in the firstweek of March
at the edges ; they are
lightbright green on the upper side,
under
a south
wall, and another sowing the second week of and the under surface is denselyclothed with long,white,woolly
April. Prick-off when they can well be handled,and plant-out, scales. It is a native of Peru and Mexico.
before they become
N. La:vis.
drawn, in good, deep, rich soil,allowing
An erect-growingplant, attaininga height of
the plants every way.
2 feet between
The ground should be
about 12 inches.
The fronds are
pinnate ; the pinna; entire,
well hoed and the stems earthed-up. Liquid manure
roundish or somewhat
cordate,dull green above, thicklycovered
may be
between
the
hot
weather
in
to any extent in
brown
rows
with long, pure white,silkyhairs,which
become
with
applied
dry
the heads
August and the early part of September. When
A somewhat
rare
species,which should be grown in a
age.
begin to form on the stem, the centre or top sprout may be cool house.
Native of temperate parts of Mexico.
This
the growth of the side
will encourage
pinched out.
This most beautiful speciesis a native of
N. LANUGINOSA.
into nse
at the end of
sprouts. The first sowing will come
in cultivation.
The fronds
rare
Madeira, but still somewhat
September, and afford a supply up to Christmas ; and the second
are
erect, about 8 inches high, bipinnate,dark green on the
will
afford
the
whilst below they are wholly covered with very long,
sowing
earlypart of November
sproutsfrom
upper side,
are
up to April.
pure white, woolly hairs,which
very conspicuous beyond
the
margin. It must be kept in a cool house and not be watered
Dalmeny Sprouts. A hybridbetween Cabbageand Brussels Sprouts.
The stems are clustered with small Cabbages,
rather Colewort-like
overhead,although it enjoysa copioussupply at the roots with
or
to Brussels
sprouts, which are very tender,and in flavour superior
good drainage.
Sprouts.
N. EcKLONiANA.
An extremely rare
species,and one of the
Albert Sprouts. A hybrid between the Savoy andBrussels Sproijts.
when well grown
handsomest
Fronds tripinnate,
in the genus.
The stems are clustered with hearting,miniature
Savoy-like
sprouts, a foot high,produced from a creeping rhizome.
When
young
which are very good, especially
after frost.
side
with
a
the
under
clothed
are
on
profution of very
they
These Sprouts should be sown
the second week in April,and
It must
be
long silkyhairs,which ultimatelyturn brown.
should be treated the same
in
as Brussels Sprouts. They are
Moist heat will soon
destroyit. Native
grown in a cool house.
from
October
use
to April.
of South Africa.
This is a superb plant,and from the numeN. cANAEiENSis.
rous
BORECOLE
OR
KALE.
specimens I have received from Teneriffe and the adjacent
Kale.
and robust ; the stem
surrounded
Cottagers'
Tall-growing
Its
usual
be
means
islands
it
would
to
rare.
no
by
appear
of sprouts that are of good flavour.
with a great number
This kind
The fronds are ovate-lanceolate in
is apt to sportmuch
at least a packet of seed produces
of height is about 18 inches.
a number
forms.
I do not consider it desirable to plant
shape and bipinnate; the pinnules blunt, their upper side deep
any but the greenleaved plants.I do not plantany with the midribs
heavilyclothed
of the leaves and
green, whilst the footstalks and under side are
stems of a reddish purple,
for theyare not at all equalto the green in
with long dense golden red scales,which in old fronds become
of produce.Sow March
flavour and amount
.5th to 10th,and April15th.
and
distinctness
Its great beauty
of a deep reddish brown.
Dwarf Green Curled. This is,undoubtedly,
the hardiest and best.
but it must never
should secure
it a placein every cool fernery,
Veitch's Dwarf
Late Curled.
This is an excellent stock,and comes
be syringed.
in late,
being in good condition late in spring.Finelycurled,very
and by some
N. siNDATA,
A speciesnearly allied to N. lasvis,
and hardy. Sow March 10th and April15th.
leafy,
distinct in cultivation
considered synonymous,
but sufficiently
Jerusalem.
A late or spring
kind ; sproutsthick and purple,
which
The fronds are from 12 to 20 inches
to warrant a separatename.
"when G or 8 inches long are
very tender and good. Sow April15th.
oblong and deeply
Asporagus. A springkind, producinglong sproutsor shoots, which long and pinnate ; the pinnse somewhat
when
about the length
the
The
of Asparagusshoots are
at
lobed
edges.
upper side is brightdeep green, and
veiy tender and good.
Sow April15th.
the under surface clothed with white and fawn-coloured woolly
are

"

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"

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"

"

"

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"

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"

December

21, 1871. ]

JOURNAL

OF

HORTICULTURE

Irom warm
hairs.
It comes
parts of Mexico, and in winter
should bo placedin the stove.
An
as
N. FLAVENS.
elegant plant, perhaps better known
N. ohrysopbylla,but as the true N. chrysopbyllais not yet in
the name
is erroneous.
speaking,I prefer
cultivation,
Strictly
but have retained it here
placingit in the genus Cineinalis,
for the sake of uniformity.The fronds are
tripinnate,9 or
10 inches high,supported upon slender black footstalks ; pinnae
distant,somewhat
cordate,deep green above, covered below
with a rich golden farinose powder. It requiresstove heat,but
should never
be syringed. Native of South America.
This is another most elegant species,similar in
N. NiTEA.
habit to the preceding,and, like it,should be placed in the
N. flavens in having the
Cineinalis.
It differs from
genus
farinose
under
side of the pinnae covered with a snow-white
powder, making it'asuperb companion for the last-named kind,
It comes
from
treatment.
it requires exactly the same
as
"

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

483

9 feet
a picture of health,being nearly 12 feet high and
in diameter
at its base ; all the leading shoots from the base
and the leadingshoot
upwards bristle with stout little laterals,
of nearly 6 feet is as well furnished.
I have not seen enough
of the fruit to enable me
to form an opinion,but I believe it
late kind.
is a valuable
Certainly the growth of this tree
that of several other varieties of Plum
greatly surpasses
plantednear it in preciselysimilar soil,and attended to during
the season
Edwaed
Luokhtjest.
with equal care."
now

ELECTION

OF

THE

ROSES"

GLADIOLUS

"

FAILURES.
Many
thanks
for givingus
the result of the Rose poll. I
with the eminent
rosarians who have placedthe
quite concur
first eightin the positionsthey hold ; yet I rather wonder that

Princess
Christian is unmentioned.
I think I should have
voted some
of my
favourite Teas into a higher position. I
In
sought in vain for Madame
Falcot,Rubens, and Moiret.
This 13 the best known, and consequentlythe most popular some
letters which
I have seen
in the Journal the following
The
specieshere named are
genus of Gold and Silver Ferns.
have been made
remarks
and questions asked.
First I am
similar in general cultnre, therefore I shall not attempt to
glad to say that on the Manetti stock Louis Van Houtte has
deeoribe each separately. They grow from 12 to 30 inches high, with me
shown
no
of vigour ; on
the contrary,it has
want
The
in some
instances more, with elegant bipinnate fronds.
been quite as strong as any other dark Rose I have except
kinds I name
of them are rather
all requirestove heat ; some
Pierre Netting. Marie
Buiimann
has not been so strong as
delicate during winter, and requireto be carefully
from
kept
Alfred Colomb, but on the Mssnetti stock has done well ; it has
dampness upon the fronds. The soil which I preferfor them is failed entirelyon the Briar,while Alfred Colomb has been best
Although on that stock. I find Madame
peat and sand, with justa sprinklingof lightloam.
Margottin very vigorous both
ing,
potted in such compost theyrequirefrequentand careful waterthe Briar and Manetti ; I think it a first-rate Tea.
on
With
therefore drain the pots well that no stagnant water may
regard to Homere, I,consider it as hardy as Gloire de Dijon,
remain
the
about
the roots ; above
use
all,never
syringe, and very vigorous on both stocks it should, however, be disbudded
;
of these usuallybeautiful plantswill
otherwise the appearance
if good flowers are wished for.
be utterlyspoiled,through the farinose powder with which the
A correspondentsome
L'Bnfant
weeks ago mentioned
Trouve
under sides of their fronds are covered becoming splashed and
and Madame
William
identical ; now
I grant that the flowers
as
dashed over
the whole surface,and it is this brilliant powder
are
but
the
habit
wood
and
dissimilar.
are
very similar,
very
which is their greatattraction.
L'Enfant
like Narcisse,and creeps
Tronvfi has weak wood more
The followingare the most attractive kinds in cultivation.
William
is much, more
along the ground ; Madame
vigorous,
G. calomelanos, silver. G. Pearcei,silver. G. peruviana arand throws up its trusses well over
the foliage.
G. pulohella,silvery.
gyrophylla,silveryon both surfaces.
I have ihis year seven
hundred
Teas in the open ground ; if
G. tartarea, silverywhite.
G. Wettenhalliana,silverywhite
theystand the winter we seem
likelyto have there will no
both surfaces,
with tasselled fronds.
G. chrysopbylla,rich
on
be
longer
any questionas to hardiness.
Parsonsii,rich golden, with tasselled
gold. G. chrysopbylla
Last year I spoke in favour of Early Rose Potato.
This
fronds.
G. Parsonsii gigantea,a very largeand grand form of
This wet season
retract all I said.
it is useless
year I must
the preceding. G. Laucheana, a largerand freer-growing
plant much diseased,and the sound tubers uneatable.
rare
than
G. chrysopbylla. G. L'Herminieri, a somewhat
I have this autumn, during the first and second weeks
of
plant,lightgolden yellow, very beautiful. G. sulphurea, an
September, picked dishes of Strawberries,secorid crop, from
dusted with sulphur Vicomtease
elegantsmall-growingspecies,delicately
Hgrieart de Thury.
yellow.
Will Mr. Dombrain, Mr. Douglas, or some
other grower of
ONYCHIUM.
the Gladiolus,tell me
whether
bulbs which have not succeeded
0. AUEATUM.
small
and
is
far
too
This belongs to a
genus,
this season
will be of any use next ? I bought a hundred
bulbs
littlekuown.
It is a stove plant with much-divided
fronds,the from one of our greatestEuglish growers
most
; I treated them
and very graceful. The upper side of
segments being narrow
and gave them
all the attention I could,but I had
liberally,
the fronds is bright green, and the fruitingfronds are
of a
not a decent spike in the lot. I blamed the bulbs,the vendor
golden yellow on the under side ; this arises from the indusium
blamed
the soil. I have taken great pains in preparinga bed
being of that colour,and as it is very largein proportionto the for this year ; now
what
I want to know is.It the bulbs were
size of the pinnules,it nearlycovers
the entire under
surface
ever
good, will they recover; and may I expectgood spikesthis
with its rich colour.
It is a good exhibition plant,and is well
Soil,Somerset.
year ?^Siiff
adapted for cutting. It succeeds best in a mixture of about
Native of the Malay
equal parts of loam, peat, and sand.

South America.

GTMNOGEAMMA.

"

"

Archipelago.

LAPAGERIA
CYATHEA.

ALBA.

On referring
to some
of the back numbers
of this Journal,I
C. DEiLEATA.
With this plant, the Silver Tree Fern of New
noticed the directions given to a correspondent," T. H.," for
I
shall
draw
brief
remarks
close.
It
is
Zealand,
to a
my
sowing the seed of Lapageria alba (seevol. xx., page 168). I
undoubtedly the most beautiful speciesof the whole family of trust he has been successful in his
attempts to increase the
Cyathea, forming a fine stem, which supports a largefeathery stock of that trulybeautiful plant,at
pared
present so small as comhead of fronds,which are
bright green above and silverywhite
to that of the rose-coloured Lapageria.
below.
It grows admirably in a cool house, and I have little
We
have two plants which, after flowering profuselyin the
doubt but in some
sheltered dells in the southern
western autumn
and southof 1870,set one
These ripenedearly
pod of seed each.
counties it would stand in the open air. For soil it
last summer,
and there were
seeds in each pod. The
eighty-three
requirespeat and loam in abont equal parts, with a liberal firstlot of seeds was sown
the 2nd of Jane, in a pan, which
on
addition of river sand, and it will bear the syringe to be used
I thought more
convenient
than singlepots on account of the
upon it,as the beauty of the under part of the fronds is not
less space it would
The
first signs of germination
occupy.
Expeeto
Ceede.
easilyremoved,
noticed at the end of a month, and in a few days upwards
were
of fifty
On June
19th the produce
seedlingswere to be seen.
of the other pod was sown
in a similar manner,
but onlyfifteen
LATE
RIVERS
PLUM.
the seedlingswere
seeds germinated. As soon
as
largeenough
The culture of a numerous
collection of young fruittrees is to handle they were
nice
placed in small pots, and are now
a work
of much
interest. The vigourand habit of a pyramidal little plants,many
of them
breaking from the base, all that
Late Rivers Plum, planted last autumn, are
is
so
to
be
as
now
time
and
the
good
required being
patiencerequisiteto test
This tree when
it came
into my hands
their qualities.
worthy of mention.
was
Those who are fortunate enough to possess this lovely
alreadywell furnished with shoots,and when these were
gem
shortened for planting it measured nearly6 feet high. It is will be amply repaidfor bestowing
it a littleextra care and
on
"

"

OP

JOURNAL

4SG

AND

mcrths its milk-white

duiiog ihe autumn
scarcelybe surpassed in lichneas and

attention,lueaude
wax-like

HOETICULTUBE

flowers

beauty.
The manner
in which we
grow the white Lapagerias is very
simple. They are placed on a stagein an earlyvinery,strong
the
to
is
attached
pots and carried to ihe roof, up which
string
the young shoots twine with greatrapidity.No tying is needed,
for they naturallysupport themeelves, and if permitted would
form a mass
at the top ; thi?,of course, is prevented in
soon
order to give the growths every chance
of ripening. As soon
taken down
as
any signs of flowering appear the shoots are
and
w
hich
be of any
on
a
regulated
trelli?,
shape
may
according to taste,the result being a profneionof flowers for
the decoration of the conservatory,
and lastinga considerable

Hole, Caunton

bvre

Caylus

La

21. Louis Van

Houtte
2-2. Madame
Boutin
23. Madame
Caillat
24. Mdlle. Thereee
Levet
25. Mad. Victor Verdier
26. Madame
Vidot
27. Madame
Rivera
28. Mdlle.
E. Verdier
29. Souvenir d'nn Ami

Mr. George

22.

Beauty

23.

Grand
of Waltham
Camille
Bernardin
Caroline de Sansal
Countess
of Oxford
of Edinbui'gh
Duke
Edward
Morren
Elie Morel
Gentiral Jacqueminot

9. Marechal
Niel
DeToniensis
11. John
Hopper
12. Marie
Baumann
IP,

30.

Castel-

Horace
Vernet
John
Hopper
Mdlle. E. Verdier
25. Marguerite
de

Senateur
Vaisse
Victor Verdier
Souvenir
de MalmaiSt.

SOQ

Celine Forestier
Belle Lyonnaise
Devoniensis
Willermoz
Madame
Souvenir
d'nn Ami

Amand

Maurice
Bernardin
Pierre Netting
28. Princess
Mary
26.

27.

of

Cambridge
Mr.

Vaillant

9. Monsienr
Noman
10. Emihe
Hausburg
Niel
11. Marechal
12. Gloire
de Dijon

24.

John
Hopper
Mdlle. Marie
Rady
Baroness
Rothschild
Alfred Colomb

Marechal

31. Marguerite
St.
de
Amand
32. Marquise
de
Castellane
S3. Pierre Nottinf?
34. Senateur
Vaisse
35. Victor Verdier
86. Xavier
Olibo

Herts.
Paul, Clieslmnt,

5. Dr. Andry
6. La France
7. Marie
Baumann
8. Marquise
de
lane

Abel

21, 1871.

Manor, NevmrJc,

o sitiou de Brie
F ranee
7. Madame
Cltmeace
Jo i pneanx
8. Mad
a me
Fortado

Alfred Colomb
Baroues3
Rothschild
CentifoUa
rosea
Charles
Lefebvre

"

[ December

Exp

5.

thschild 6.

Comtease
C. de Chabrillant
Countess
of Oxford
Devienne
Lamy
Dr. Anda-y
Due de Rohan
Edward
Morren
Gloii-e de Santenay
John
Hopper

lime.
In the same
few plantsof Lapageria
manner
are
a
grown
I have
doubt that by planting it and the white
no
rosea.
kind togethera grand effect would be obtained when both were
in flower.
of the Lapageria it is
During the growing season
important to give plenty of water, and if care be exercised to
secure
good drainage,it will endure any amount.
Perhaps its
is the slug; therefore,
worst enemy
a
good look-out should be
the
kept to prevent the ravages of this destroyer,for when
shoots are just emerging from the soil,sings will often
young
off as fast as they appear.
pat them
C. J. W., The
Gardens,
Femiehurst,

OF

GARDENER.

Rev. S. Reynolds
Alfred Colom
Baroness
Ro
Charles
Lefe
Duchesse
de

can

ELECTION

COTTAGE

B. R.

Cant, Colchester

5. Marie
Baumann
6. Marechal
Niel
7. Charles
Lefebvre
8. Souvenir
d'Elise

9. Devoniensia
10. Dr. Andry
11. Emilie
Hausburg
12. Devienne
Lamy

ROSES.

[Not being by ballot,

we
I

publish the vote-papers.]

been asked to publish
the lists sent by each of the different
with regard to the election of Roses which
appearedin yonr

HAVE

electors
Journal
of the 7th of December.
I did not send them
before,as I
thoughttheywould occupy too much space, and the analysisarrived at
by simplearithmetical figureswas, after all,the most importantpart.
As, however,nearly all Rose-growers have their favourites,
theywill
lie gladto know which of the electors have supported
their candidates.
I have made two mistakes.
Baron Hanssman
twice mentioned
was
instead of once, and I have put down in the list of names
only once
named both Lfelia and Louise Peyronny. I did so from copying ont
the listsaccurately,
though strictly
speakingwe must consider them
and consequentlywill giveLjelia two votes.
as identical,
the lists I find I am
the only one
On lookingover
naming Henri
Ledechaux amonj? the second twenty-four.
This has a littlesurprised
I
believe
it
because
in
of
the
lists it was
some
partly
me, though
spokenof as a beautiful button-hole Rose, and many amateurs would
not go to the trouble of buying and testinga button-hole Rose.
With
the colour

me

glad

be

was

perfect a true deep pink,a brighter colour

and a better-shaped
Rose.
I shall
Margottin,
what Rose-growers
think of it after another year's
very

"

the old Jules

than

to know

trial.
Will
Madame

some

one

else

with regardto
kindlygive their experience

Chirard?
it besides Mr. Radto mention
as no
one
seems
holds down itshead, which does
clvffe. Marie BaumaDu
undoubtedly
not make itlook so well when
growingon the tree,but I know no Rose

equalit when

pickedand put into a specimen glasson the drawingtable ; for,lovelythouqh Madame

Furtado
be, it cannot in
may
with Marie
Baumann, and, given ten trees of each
my mind compare
kind, I would guarantee to cut ten times as many
good blooms from
Marie Baumann.
With
this year it has made
shoots 3 or 4 feet
me
long from the ground, even where cut down by the frost.
to

room

Mr.
would

Baker, in sending his list of Roses

put Paul Verdier into the firsttwelve

said he certainly
to me,
if it had been a Hjbrid
second time yet ?

Perpetual.Has it ever been known to bloom a

if not, why is its nome
and
still retained among
?
petuals
I quiteagree with Mr. Dombrain, we
do not want
it is no improvementon
the old one, or
we

13. Alfred Colomb

14. Camille
Bernardin
15. CC' ine Forestier
16. Centifolia rosea
Charles
17.
Lefebvre
18. Dr. Andry
19. Duchesse
de Caylus
20. Expositionde Brie
21. Gloii-ede Dijon

the

Hybrid Pep-

22. Horace
Vernet
23. John
Hopper
24. Mad.
Alice Dui-eau
25. Madame
Clemence

Joigneaux
26.
27.
23.
29.

Willermoz
Madame
Mdlle. E. Verdier
Mdlle. Tht-rese Levet
St.
Marcuerite
de
Amand

Rev. H. H. Dombrain,
1. Marechal

Niel

2. Charles
Lefebvre
3. John
Hopper
4. Alfred

Colomb

5. Pierre
6. Marie
7. Cecile
S. Gloire

Miss Poole
Paul Neron
Monsieur
Woolfield
32. Monsieur
de
Oaniille
SS. Prince
Rohan
ai
de Malm
34. Souvenir
SO.
31.

son

35.

de
Olibo

Ti-iomphe

36. Xavier

Kennes

Kent.
Ashford,

Netting
Baumann
de Chabrillant
de Dijon

9. La France
10. Baroness
Rothschild
of Edinbui-gb
11. Duke
12. Dr. Andry

"
the name
montant;"
Rerather that which

bave.

We
threatened with a great inundation of Roses next year.
are
know anything about them ?
If I might suggest a hint
anyone
Roses of opposite
habits not too nearly
to hybridisers,
want to cross
we
allied in blood, as Charles
Lefebvre with La France, Alfred Colomb
with Baroness
Rothschild
to take the best Roses, in short,of distinct
C. P. Peach.
types. We stillwant a white Alfred Colomb.

Does

"

"

Rev. C. P. Peach,
Alfred Colomb
Kothscbild
I',Cecile de CliabriUant
4
Charles
Lef tjbvre

2. Baroness

13. Abel Grand

l"!. Dr. Andry
ir.,Duchease
de Moray
of Edinburgh
IG. Duke
17. Ducde
Rohan
18. Duke
of "Wellington
19. Dupuy-Jamain
20. Elie Morel
21. Emilie
Hauabnrg
22. Lord
Macaulay

Malton.
Street,
Applctoti-le-

of Oxford
5. Countess
6. John
Hopper
7. La France
8. Marie Baumann

9.
10.
11.
12.

Madame
Caillat
Pierre Nottinpr
Gloire de Dijon
Marechal
Niel

1 edechan.x
23. Henri
24. Kadame
Clemence

SI.

Margraerite

Joicneaux
25. Mdlle. Thurtse
Levet
26. M. Noman
27. Madiiin"
Vidot.
28. Hldlle. Marie
Rady.
29. Mdlle. E. Verdier
30. Marquise
de
Castellane

Amand
32. Princess

de

St.

Mary

of

Cambridge
33. Victor Vcrdier
34. XavierOlibo
35. Senateur
Vaisae
36. Souvenir
de Malmaison

Cba
13. Comtesse
de
brillant
14. Countess
of Oxford
Dr.
15.
Andry
16. Edward
MoiTcn
17. Elie Morel
18. Exposition de Brie
19. Fisher Holmes
20. Gloire do Vitty

21. John
Hopper
22. Louis Van Houlte
C.Wood
23. Madame
24. Madame
Vidot
25. Mdlle. E Verdier
26. Mdlle.
Marguerite
Dombrain
27. Mdlle. Marie
Eady
do
St.
28. Marguerite
Amand

29. M. Noman
du Midi
SO. Reine
31. Sophie Coquerelle
32. Victor Verdier
Xa\ier
Olibo
S3.
34. Souvenir do Mnlmaisou

35.

Nii"hct08

Sii. Souvenir

d'un Ami

December

21, 1871. ]

Rev.
1.
2.
3.
i.

P. M.

Abpl Grand
Alfred Colorab
Baroness
RGthsckild
Charles Lefebvre

Vidot
9. Madamfi
10. Marie Bauminn
n.
Vaisse
Senateur
12. MarechalNiel

.Toicneaux
8. Mad, Victor

32. Gloire

29. John
Hopper
of Wellington
SO. Duke
31. Frangois Louvat

Smythe,SoUhuU,Bmningham.
5. John
Hopper
(i.La France
Clemence
7. Mndarae

35. Marquise
de Castel'
lane
30. Mdlle. E. Verdier

de Vitry

Leopold Hausburg

33.

Woed

84. Annie

LARKFIELD

Verdior

487

GARDENER.

COTrAGE

AND

HORTICULTURE

OF

JOURNAL

PELARGONIUM.

RIVAL

ago I contributed to the Journal a ahort listof

and I specially
noticed
Sbow Pelargoniums adapted for forcing,
Further
the uaefuluess of Larkfield Kival for the purpose.
experienceconfirms my opinion of its merits,and leads me to
the conclusion that it is the best forcingvarietyof Pelargonium
I considered it so manageable
that I have ever
grown or seen.
I
that I determined
to attempt floweringit at Christmas.
this
and other varieties,
and out
of
accordinglyripenedplants
I grew them
in the open
the firstweek in June.
them down
months.
Larkfield Rival and Crimson
air during the summer
The
in beautiful bloom.
latter,though not
King are now
than usuallydingy now,
when
at its beet, is more
brighteven
the
in
a
depth of winter,
and is by no means
strikingobject
Its glisteningwhite is more
but far otherwise is the former.
of pink in the
than usually clear,and the delicate touches
On enteringthe house
upper petalsadd to its attractiveness.
it"
is the plant of all others that catches the eye of every

Some months

33. Anna
deDicsbaoh
14 Baron
de
Adolpbe
EothHchild
15. Beauty of Waltliam
36. Centifolia rosea
17. Comtesse
de Chabrillant
Ifi. Countess of Oxford
19. Dae de Rohan

R.

G.

of Edinburgh
Dupuy Jamain
de Caylus
22. Duchesse
23. Elie Morel
'?4. Horace
Vernet
de
Duchesse
25. La
20. Duke
21.

JMovny
96. Lord Macanlny
Boll
27. Modame
28. Mdlle. Therese

9.
10.
11.
12.

21. Dr. Andry

22. Catherine

29. Hippolyte Flandrin

30. Abel
Grand
31. Cpntifolia rosea
Lamy
32. Devienne
33. EspQsition de Brie
Vidot
34. Madame
de
Cha35. Comtesse
brillant
of Wellington
38. Duke

Mermet
Mortede

Marquise

23.

Felix Genero
25. MarfTuerite

1^.
20.

-li.

St.

de Dijon
'/7. Nardy
Freres
Bemardin
23. Maurice

WyliJ,Charmouth.

Edinburgh

7. John

8. La

Autoine Ducher
14. Comtesse
de

3M.

de

Ajinand
Oloire

5. Duke
of
6. Fisher
Holmes

13.

17.

[mart

24.

26.

Rev. J, B. Ca^im, Monhton

1. A-lfred Colomb
2. Baroness
Rothschild
3. Centifolia rosea
4. Charles
Lefebvre

Chabrillant
Countess
of Oxford
Dr, Andry
Ducde
Rohan
Edouard
Morren
Lffilia
LeoDold
Hausbur^r
Madame
Crapelet

Emilie
Hausburg
M. Victor Verdier
John
Hopper
Mrs. C. Wood

Vaisse
6. La trance
7. Marechal
Niel
of Edinburgh
8. Duke

5. Senateur

13 Mdlle. Marie
Rady
14. Victor Verdier
l."). Duchesse
de Caylus
16. Souvenir
d'un Ami
17. Marquise
de
Castellaue
15. Louis
Van
Houtte
19. Xavier
Olibo
"20. Paul Verdier

16.

Levet

Baker, Esq.,Heavitree,Devon.

1. Charles Lefebvre
2. Alfred Colomb
3. Marie
Banmann
4. Barone"s
Rothschild

15.

20. Mdlle. E. Verdier

Ecmardin
iio,Maurice
Camille
de
31. Prince
Rohan
Winermoz
32. President
R3. Pierre Notting
34. M. Noman
Victor Verdier
Trioinphe de Rennes

22.
23.
24.
25.

Hopper

France

Mdlle. E.Vprdier
Mdlle.
Marguerite
Domhrain
St.
de
Marguerite
Am and
de CastelMarquise
lane

Olivier DRlhomme
27. Pierre Nottin;

26.

9.
10.
n.
12.

Marie
Bauraann
M. Noman
Vaisse
Senateur
Marechal Niel

Mary

23. Princess

of

Cambridge
29. Triomphe
rosea
30. Alba
31.

de Rennes

Catherine Mermet

32. Devoniensis
Trifle
33. Madame
34. GloJrede
Dijon
d'Elise
35. Souvenir
36. Souvenir d'un Ami

Mr. C. J. Perry, Castle Bromiolch,Birmingham.

3. Alfred Colomb
2. Charles
Lefebvre
S. Duchesse
de Caylus
4. Edward
Morren

5. Emilie
Hausburg
Genero
7. La France
la Baronne
8. Madame
de Rothschild
6. Felix

9. Mdlle. E. Verdier
Victor Verdier
10. Mad.
Niel
11. Marechal
Marie
Baumann

12.

visitor.
conclneive evidence of the value
The above facts are tolerably
of Larkfield Rival as a winter-bloomingplant for greenhouse
So far from its having a drawn
and conservatorydecoration.
it is more
than usually sturdy.
and unnatural
appearance,
six on each truss,
or
of four,five,
The flowers,
to the number
than 4 inches in length,and
stout stems not more
are borne on
From
florist's
a
the foliage.
point of view it
rest just over
not
possesses little merit, perhaps, and this is why it may
appear in trade lists ; but if it is wanting in circular outline,
which, to
it is not so in generaleffect and usefulness,
qualities
portance
of equal,if not of greaterimthe majority
of gardeners,are
I found the plant here upwards of six
than outline.
time
it.
Since
that
I
little
of
thought
years ago, and confess
the addition of other varieties has rendered occasional weedgonium
part with any Pelarings necessary, but now I would sooner
in quantityfor
the place than with this. Grown
on
easy to flower and could be
earlyblooming few plantsare more
more
useful,and where cut flowers are in great request few
and
in
winter
admired
would be more
spring. No doubt there
to the same
treatment
ripening
are other varieties amenable
and cuttingdown early and which would be useful for winter
vantage
flowering. It is not exactlyforcing,but simply taking ad"

13.

Baron
Haussman
Charles
Rouillard
15. Couutess
of Oxford
IR. Devoniensis
17. Dr. Andrv
ia. Duke
of Edinburgh
19. Dnpuy-Jamain

22.

Horace

14.

23.

Le"pold
Leopold

-25.

27.

Hausburg

I.
DouMad.
Derreux
ville
Clemence
26. Madame

24.
25.

Joigneaux

FerdinanddeLesseps

"21. Gloire de

Veraet

Dijon

Madame
Jacqnier
Rady
28. Mdlle. Marie

Mr. J. Cranston,
1. Alfred Colomb
2. Baroness
Rothschild
3. Oharles
Lefebvre
4. Countess
of Oxford
^3. Annie
Wood
14. Centifolia

roH^a

de

{Comtesse
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
"2Q.

Cha-

brillant
(Duchesse
de Cavlus
Duke
of Edinburgh

Dupuy-Jamain
Emilie
Hausburg
Edward
Morren
John
Hopper

Rev.

Hereford.

Vernet
6. La France
C.Wood
7. Madame
8. Mdlle. E. Verdier
5. Horace

21. Jules Tilorgottln

22. Louii Van Houtte
C. Crapelet
23. Madame
24. Madame
Vidot;
25. Mdl'e
Marie
Rady
26. Mar;Tuerite Dombrain
St.
de
27. Marguerite
Am
and
Bernardin
28. Maurice

1. Alfred Colomb
2. Baroness
Rothschild
3. Charles
Lefebvre
4. ClimbaigDevoniensia

of Oxford
5. Countess
6. Emilie
Hausburg
Baumann
7. Marie
8. Gloire de Dijon

13. FerdinanddeLesseps
de
St.
14. Marguerite

21. Jules Marffottin

22. Psul Neron
23. John Hopper
24. Annie
Wood
25. Dulce of Edinburgh
26. Horace
Vernet
27. Madame
raillat
Vaisse
28. Senateur

Van Houtte
15. Louis
Morren
Edward

16.

17.

Dupuy-Jamaiu

18

Duchesse

19.

Dr.

"2X Abel

de

Caylus

Andrv

9.
10.
11.
12.

Marie
Baumann
Gloire de Dijon
Marechal
Niel
Mad. Victor Verdier

29. Marquise

Caatel-

de

lane
30.

31.
32.
33.

34.
35.

36.

Paul Neron
Frc'res
Nardv
Pierre Notting
Sen:iteur Vaisse
ir.ionsis
Dev
Mada,!!'-" WiUei-moz
d'un Ami
Soiveuir

E. Verdier
9. MdUe.
M. Noman
11. La France
12. MarechalNiel

10.

29. Madame

Cranelet

C. Joigneaux
Nottina
Madame
V. Verdier
Nardy Freres
Centifolia rosea
Vidot
Madame
Madame
Bravy

Sn. Madame
81.
32.
33.

34.
35.

36.

Pierre

Grand

Rev. E, N. PocHiN,
Niel
Rothschild.
Lefebvre
3. Charles
4. Alfred
Colomb

Leicestershire.
Silehij
Vicarage,

1. Marechal

5. Horace

2. Jiarooess

6. Marie

7. Victor
8. Madame

Vernet
Baumann
Verdier
V. Verdier

de Rohan
9. Due
La
France
11. Mdlle. Marie
12. Marguerite
Amand

li\

Rady
de

"

"

18. Souvenir

de

Malmai-

son

19.
20.
91.
22.

Antoine
Ducher
Fisher Holmes
Madame
Margottin
Gloire de Dijon

precocityand indulgingthem

RUNNING

CELERY

TO

ingly.
accord-

SEED.

On the 28th of February I sowed four pans of Celeryin good

rich compost, and placedthem in a small frame with very mild
"No.
heat.
1, Cole's Incomparable; 2, Cole's
They were
The
CrystalWhite ; 3, Cole's Defiance ; 4, Iverj'a Nonsuch.
four lots were
pricked into boxes on April26th,again prickedNos. 1, 2, and
out into beds June 6th, and finally
planted-out,
In all the stages, from the
3, July 6tb,and No. 4 July 15th.
treated with
first sowing to the final planting-out,
they were
old stable manure,
mainly from a Cacumbur frame, and fowls'
in the earlier
dung, had occasional wateringsof liquidmanure

St.

treatment

Olibo
23. Xavier
24. Senateur
Vaisse
25. Pierre Netting
26. L'lrd Macaulay
27. Madame
C. Crapelet
Caillat
23. Madame

from

first to last.
"

Suesckibee, Cartmel.

when
[We should say that the fowls'-dungliquid manure
would be apt to accelerate the seeding
the plantswere
young
consider to be not
of failure we
process ; but the chief cause
such wateringin the earlier stages, but nothing after
so much
weather
the plants
the
hot
in July." In
the final planting-out
drenchings after that. In
would have required a good many
the causes
of Celery bolting have been
volume
the current
frequentlyreferred to. Bear in mind that Celery is a ditch
be so disappointed
again. We have
plant,and yon may never
"

not
13. Dr. Andry
14. Mrs. C. Wood
15. Baron
Gonella
If. M. Noman
17. Maurice Bemardin

of their natural
J. W., Lincoln.

at which time
stages,but nothing after the final planting-out,
they were all fine and apparentlyhealthyplants.
and was gathered
and crisp,
No. 1 turned out beautifuUy^olid
of September to the middle of November.
from the middle
when
all gone to seed,or,
they have not
Nos. 2, 3, and 4 are
side by
The lots are
hollow canes.
actuallyseeded, are mere
side in the same
ground, and I know of no difference in their

CredinliillRector]!,
Hereford.

C. H. BuLMER,

Amand

29. Marquise
de Castel.
lane
30. Maurice
Bemardin
31. Paul Neron
32. Paul Verdier
S3. Pierre Nottmg
Vaisse
34. '-^enateur
d'un
35. Souvenir
Ami
Methven
36. Thomas

seen

Weeks'

a run

head

Pocket

yet.]
Book

and

Diaey.

"

Messrs.

John Weeks
and
Pocket Book

Co.,of Chelsea,have again issued their annual

JOURNAL

OP

HOBTICULTUEE

and Diary, which for all gardenerswill be found

"
Not
pocket companion. Messrs. Weeks
say,

very naefnl

merely as a
gardeners our

AND

COTTAGE

GABDENEB.

[ December

21, 187L

will come
loose,and the clinginginsects,
away ; there will thus
be a chance of the bark becoming clean and healthy. B. F.
"

trade announcement
circniate amongst
do we
annual Pocket Book
and Diary, but especially
with a view to
FRENCH
DESCRIPTIONS
OF
ROSES.
the
habit
of
promote
keeping a dailyrecord,or garden memoranda,
"
I CAN assure
of sowing, planting,treatment, temperature, changes,
take offence at any im-.
D., Deal," that I never
and notes of generalinformation,giving practical
results from
but it I find
partialand candid critiqueon my contributions,
past experience,which can
hardlyfail to serve as a useful any such to contain a misquotation or misapprehension of my
reference for fature operations,
and thereby reduce to method
meaning I claim a right to reply. The phrase to which I took
and order that which
too frequently
se tenant
lias been carried out by exceptionwas
bien,"see page 333, not " hclle tenue."
I am, however, willingto pass over
'rule
of
thumb.'"
this trifling
difference. I
the
was
induced to believe that "erect"
tended
not the meaning inwas
by the French Bose-growersfrom findingthat the result
WINTEKING
GERANIUMS"
SANTOLINA
did not tallywith the description.
In reply to "D., Deal's,"protestagainst the retention of
INCANA.
"

"
"
Bemontant
in preferenceto Perpetual,
I beg to differ from
him in toto.
I see nothing more
ridiculous in tellingJack to
water
those Bemontants
useful individual
than in directing
the same
that
to water the Perpetuals. It is far more
probable
in actual requests of this kind neither word
would
be used.
The
protest is equallyapplicableto depot,prestige,
souvenir,,
round
three sides, supported by rustic pillars. Under
the
and many
other useful words
of daily occurrence,
is quiteopen at the sides,
verandah, which of course
we
plunged critique,
much
now
as
are
at home
with us as Perpetual,which
Trentham
Eose and Tom
some
Thumb
Geraniums
in pots. which
at best is only a clumsy and floundering
For the last six weeks they have had no water, and though so
attempt at translation
of
word
a
for
which
I am
we
have
an
not
exact equivalent.
the river,where
near
the air is generallymuch
colder and
that the word Perpetual,
therefore,
moister than on
the higher ground (we have had 12" of frost), stronglyinclined to believe,
as
appliedto the most important section of Boses, is as much
are
yet the Geraniums
quite as fresh as in September, thus
doomed"
the Briar upon
as
which
they formerlyused to beshowing that if kept dry they will endure a much greater degree
much
more
of cold than if
grown than at present. A. H. Kent.
saturated with water.

Thinking
it might be useful to some
of your readers who
have Geraniums
to keep and have not the beet of convenience
for the purpose, I write to mention
the followingcircumstance.
To the south-east of the grounds here is the rirer Dysyni,
which
have a prettycottage, with a verandah
near
we
running

"

kept constantly

endorse

"

what

Mr. Luckhurst
says of Santolina incana
gomeryshire,
(page313),except as to its being perfectlyhardy. In MontPLANTS
TO
OP
EXPOSING
CONSEQUENCES
in the Severn Valley,I plantedseveral plantson a
SMOKE.
but
to the severe
rockery,
winter of
they quite succumbed
had 34" of frost. I may mention
we
that the
1870-71, when
At a recent meeting of the Warrington Literaryand Philosophical
rockerywas in an exposed position,and that planis in a cold
Society,Mr. E. Green, head gardener at Bank Hall,,
frame with a littlecoveringpassed the winter safely. Geoege
read the followingnotes on vegetablelifein and about Warrington
Cooke,The Gardens,Peniarth,North Wales.
:
can

"

"

The

DESTROYING

AMERICAN
AND

Wheee

BLIGHT,

MOSS,

SCALE.

American

Blightexists on trees I recommend

the
as
simplestremedy thoroughlycoatingthem with fresh limewash,
of a brush or an old syringe. At this season, and in
by means
a
frost,the insects go down into the ground. Bjring the
and
roots
watering with ammoniaeal
liquor,or, what I have
found as good,dusting all over with a layerof fresh lime and
soot,will to a considerable extent destroythe insects. Simplest
remedies are often the best. Turpentine,oil,and other liquors
will kill the insect when
they fairlyreach it,but they often
Jess injure the wood.
or
Even
more
if none
of the insects
the trees now, if they do so in summer
appear on
they will
leave their eggs and young
and
these
be found
behind,
may
on
turning up a pieceof loose bark in the knots, where they
fond of congregating. Tbe safest applioatiou
are
I have used
is fresh limewash, which, applied now, and again before the
buds swell in the spring,will generally
out
destroythe insects withthe trees.
I have applied it to the bole of a tree
injtiring
and some
of the larger branches
in the summer,
and found
that the insects were
almost destroyed. The
powder of the
lime,even when it has become mild, annoys the insects,as it
rolls and falls about them.
The limewash
will also prevent
the birds from
The
whiteness
picking the buds.
seems
to
deter as well as the mere
actio* of the lime,for the caustic
alkali ere long becomes
better
than
no
much
bo
chalk.
For destro.ying
moss
on
trees nothing is better than a good
It is tedious to
applicationof limewash made with salt water.
use
a brush,but a good barrel of fresh limewash
moy be quickly
made
by powdering tbe lime, passing it through a fine sieve,
and then pouring water on
it through the sieve,or a rough
canvas
bag that will let no largepiecesof lime pass through.
Then syringethe trees all over
with the thickest wash by using
the jetof a syringe. This also will help to scare
and all
birds,
will be mild and sweet enough before the buds swell.
I find some
of my friends have their trees so much
affected
with scale that the bark cannot be cleaned.
Anything in the
of
that
a paint
will smother
the scale will be of advantage,
way
as
clay and lime paint; but one of the simplest and best
remedies I have found is syringingor engining the trees with
water at from 160" to 180" in a continued
frost. The
shoots
will soon
be encrusted in ice if a proper time be chosen
; and if

this ice coating remain,

largeportion of the bark

that is

few remarks

about to lay before this meeting will,

differences of opinion as to whether
I am
correct
or
not in my
observations.
Let me
say I have
c
onfined
under my personal
myself to what has come
strictly
notice with regard to the destruction
of trees,shrubs, and
plants by smoke and chemical vapours, and also in regard to
certain plantsthat will not grow
I believe from natural causes.
I have lived in Warrington for twenty-five
years ; most of that
time I have been employed on the grounds at Bank
Hall,and I
have paid considerable attention to the decay of vegetablelifeAmong the evergreens that are most severelyinjuredby smoke,
The
ha"
Scotch Fir (Pinussylvestris)
"o., are the Conifers.
So has the Spruce (Abies
long since disappeared with us.
excelsa).About two years ago we plantedone hundred young
alive,and these are
healthy plants ; there are only a few now
nice plants in other parts of the town
sickly. I have seen
The
ArborVitajs
gradually dying.
(Thuja occidentalis and
no

doubt,give rise to

am

some

"

Thuja Warreana),the Savin (JuniperusS"bina),Lavender

Lauras(Lavandulaspioa),Bosemary (Bosmarinusofficinalis),
tiuus (Viburnum Tinus),and
Cotoneaster
microphylla are
the plants that fifteen or twenty years ago flourished
among
well with us but have now
disappeared.
AmonR the plantsthat justexist are the Yew (Taxus baccata),
several Viirieties of Heaths, the Sweet Bay (Laurusnobilis).
Common
Liurel (Ceraaua
and PortugalLaurel
Laurocerasup),
The Cedrus Deodara
and Arauoaria im(Corasus lusitanica).
them
in the
bricata wo
have not tried here, but I have seen
town, very meagre
specimens ; at the cemetery they grow
well.
The
haa
common
tolerably
Holly (IlexAquifolinm),
grown very well tillwithin the last three or four years, the tips
of the plants are
now
dying. The Evergreen Oak (Quercue
Ilex latifolia),
has so far stood pretty well; so has the Box
(Baxus sempervirene).Among the evergreens that flourish
best is the Ehododendron
; the plantshere are healthy,flower
and grow to a largesize,
the only complaint is the foliage
freely,
is very dirty. The Aucuba
vigorousthan the
japonioais more
Bhododendron, and grows almost under any treatment with us,
but the very best of all is the Ivy,particularly
the Irish Ivy
to be damaged in
(Hedera canariensis)
; this does not appear
the least,
beyond being dirty.
Among the deciduous trees and shrubs sufferingmost are
the Mountain
Service (Pyrus S.irbus),
Ash (PyrusAucuparia),
Beech
Hornbeam
Betalus),Wych
(Fagus sylvatioa),
(Carpinus
Elm
(Ulmus montana), and several other large-leavedElms.
The Sycamore (Acercampestre),
and the variegatedSycamore

JODBNAL

490

OF

AND

HOETICULTDKE

COTTAGE

GAKDENEK.

[ December

21, 1871.

immediate
that there are natural dilEoultiesalso to
neighbourhood. In the case of Ferns there was a
in associatingthe alpinewith the common
Ferns of
far as we are
as
ehonid endeavour
difficulty
we
the neighbourhood, inasmuch
as
sphere.
and try to grow in and
they required a drier atmoable to pay attention to these obstacles,
The failure in growing them was
to be
such trees as will grow best under the cirtown
not, therefore,
around our
due
ascribed
but
the
altered
condition
to
was
smoke,
entirelyto
in which we are placed.
cumstances
under
which
these
be
to
treated.
that
plants
doubt
required
a
eaid
Patersou
no
prevailed
Mr.
generalopinion
The Kev. J. B. Johnstone
land,
said,that when recentlyin Scotit was to the smoke and chemical vapours in the neighbourhood
he observed several Larch trees had died in certain districts
other
of vegetationwas
the dfecay
largelyowing, but there were
and chemical vapours.
free from smoke
No one
in operationwhich would
mena. which were
causes
go far to explain the phenocould give the reason
for it,and the curious thing was
that
For instance, the Fir was frequentlyfound in a state of
flourished
the
size
favourable
on
considered
trees
of
formerly
spots.
greater
decay under circumstances that might be
the
the
remarks
various
Mr.
in
of
from
to
which
it
to
replying
speakers,
and
Green,
was
explain
impossible
to its growth,
any
referred to. There was also another plantvery sucseptible gave the results of his observations on various forest trees in
cause
It was
the Laurustinus.
to smoke
extremely sensitive to the Bewsey Valley,and said that he invariablyfound that the
trees commenced
to die from the west side.
and chemical
smoke
vapours, and yet it grew vigorouslyin the
bear

must

in mind

contend with, and that

"

"LES
Eois
This

DE

Boulogne, Bois

Vincennes,

PROMENADES

PARIS."

DE

Parcs, SouareS, Boulevards.

Par A. Alphand.

Paris; J

Eothschild.

with
skill combined
shadow.
All that talent in engineering
and enterprise
can
eifect,unite in making thissimilar title recently
publishedin Englishis merely|artistic ability

splendidwork

somewhat

de

is the

substance,of which

one

with

|the

Watering Apparatus.
volume

of M. Alphandthe most complete,

useful,and elegant
which has ever been produced on what we in this country are
accustomed
to call LandscapeGardeningand Groundwork.
No
conld have been belter qualified
than M. Alphand for the
one
execution of such a production. His experience
that
which
is
have had the opportunity
few men
of gaining,
for throughoutthe
"whole of the extensive works which have for so many years been
going on in the construction of modern Paris,M. Alphand has
been chief engineer,and most ablyhas he given to the world
the result of his vast experiencein this remarkable book.
The work is essentially
a livre de luxe,printed
on
paper akin
in quality
and substance to cardboard,and illustrated both by
and chromo-lithographs
wood engravings
in the highest
styleof
French
We
have recently
art.
given in our pages examples of
these woodcuts, which were
placedat our disposalby
liberally
M. Eothschild.
The portraits
of Palms with which
our
pages
have latelybeen interspersed
taken from the sheets now
are
before us, and we
shall be enabled,through M. Eothschild's
to furnish our
readers with a variety
of illustrations
kindness,
from which they will be enabled to form a slight,
though very
idea
and importanceof
Les Promenades
slight, of the quality
de Paris."
The iirstsection is devoted to the Bois de Boulogne,and the
firstchapter
of the sectiontreats of the general
of the
description
"

been completedthere ;
Eois and the works which
have already
and what renders the information which is given so valuable is,
all illustrated and the entirethat the details of the works
are
cost of them is given. The third chaptertreats of the roads and
the
is
of
which
walks,
every particular furnished of the drains,
and even
to the edgings. In
the gravelling,
tanks,the ballast,
ChapterIV. we have a full account of the arrangementsfor supplying
the Bois with water, in which the rmdergroundarrangements
and
for conducting
it and the hydrants
are
fullyexplained
the mode
illustrated. The figurewhich is here given represents
M.
phand
Alwatered.
Bois
which
the
and
walks
of
the
roads
are
by
this operation
was
by means
performed
says that formerly
of water-barrels drawn
by horses, and containingone cubic
metre of watci',which
was
through a pipe behind
dischsrged
with holes ; but since the introduction of the
lance,"
pierced
the cost of wateringhas been
which is represented
in the figure,
reduced from 210,000 francs for six months' wateringto 55,000
"

francs per

annum.

and
Chapter V. treats of the lakes,sheets of water, rivulets,
''Grauflo
cascades.
The most important of the latter is the^
rcpu-Longchamps,"of which we furnish an artistic
work.
The waters which sujisentation taken from the original
the
in
voir,
reserhours
this
reserved
during
cascade,
twenty-four
ply
in a
at the fashionable hour of promenade
are
discharged

Cascade de

December

21,1871.]

JOUBNAL

OP

HORTICULTURE

sheet 12 feet wide,and with, a fall of 24 feet into a basin.

Two
the principal
lateralfalls accompany
one, and the total delivery
of water is 3000 metres

cube per

fppii^y^j?^

hour,or 800 litres every second.

AND
We

COTTAGE

shall have

SEE.

491

occasion frequently
to allude to this admirable
shall at present merely content
oui'selves
readers its style.It is in largefolio.
to our
explaining

work, but
with

GARDE

we

JOURNAL

492

OF

GARDENEB,

COTTAGE

AND

HOBTIGULTDBE

[ December

21,1871.

of the soil upon

the turf will be
the finest paper,
illustrated witli hundreds of the unsightly
appearance
It is obviated.
and chromo-Hthogiaphs.
on
engravings
steel,
of the sixty-five,
AND
in parts,of which fifty-four
GIIEENHOUSE
CONSERVATORY.
out
published
which will complete the whole in 1872,have already
Many failures in plant-growing,and the sicklyand drawn
sppeared.

printedon
woodcuts,

character of the inmates of greenhouses,may be fairly

traced
as
a
great number of the copieswere
a
compatible
the fire at the Hotel de Ville,the priceof "13 to
to the attempt to maintain
degree of artificialwarmth inwith the amount
of light. Heat as well as atmospheric
it is
subscribers for the whole work will be raised to "16 when
should at all times be regulatedstrictly
moisture
in
"completed. Up to the present time the Bois de Boulogneand
accordance
with the amount
of light. No
remains Paris
the Bois de Yincennes
perature,
are
prescribed temcomplete. There now
the
if
stated
will
most
answer
even
experienced,
by
proper to bo illustrated and described.
the character of
modifications
founded
some
on
well without
of estates,country residents,
To all owners
landscape
gardeners,
For instance,a general temperature of 55" by
the weather.
horticulturists this work
is an
and amateur
architects,
cember,
for the conservatory through Debe recommended
invaluable boon,and it ought to find a placein every public day may
supposing it to be what a house of the kind ought to
iibrary.
and
with
Camellias
in
be
filled
flower,hybrid Roses,
namely,
Sach

part costs 4s.,but

in
destroyed

"

"WORK

FOR
KITCHEN

THE
GAKDEN.

Pkoceed

with manuring and trenching,which are the principal

Sifted coal ashes are excellent
operationsat this season.
for the back walks as bearing the winter traffic well,and
be
being always pleasantto walk upon ; a coating may now
if they are
in bad condition.
Beans advancing should
on
put
have the surface soil stirred,
and the earth drawn over
them.
Feas sown
border will now
on
be peeping up ; the
a warm
snrfsee soil should be stirred about them, and a coveringof
If
decomposed leaf mould laid immediately over the rows.
winds prevailsome
branches of Spruce Fir or Birch on
"cutting
ihe windward

This recommend
ition will be very
host of other gay subjects.
denly
suitable whilst the weather
continues
open, but if frost sudperature
temthis moderate
sets in the attempt to keep up even
will,from the construction of most houses, soon
duce
proa

WEEK.

bad effdcts,provided the frost continues, more

especially
the
if accompanied by a dull and loweringsky. In such cases
of
amount
experiencedgardener will allow only the minimum
heat,and be content with an average of 45". The attempt to
unnatural degree of heat will,of course,
an
require
of atmospheric
of a
assistance
corresponding amount
will
this
under
circnmstances
have a
and
moisture,
ordinary

maintain
the

tendency to produce drip.

STOVE.

side will be nsefal.

be introduced
Some
of the early-ripened
tall Cacti may now
either into the stove or the forcingpit, and receive a liberal
FECIT
OABDEN.
blossom-buds
with.
the
to
commence
If,however,
Pruning and nailingwall trees should be carried on with the watering
Do not
it is of little use forcingthem.
atmost
festedare not well matured
dispatch at every favourable opportunity. Trees instove plantsat this period,
encourage
any fresh growth among
with scale should be loosened from the wall entirely,
the
will
which
rather aim at that kind of routine management
bark well scraped,and painted with Br mixture of soft soap, cow
to consolidate the growth alreadymade, and to properly
dung, and lime,taking care to well work the composition into serve
Great
caution
plants.
developethe blossoms of late-flowering
the crevices of the bark.
If planting young trees or removing
to provideagainst
will be necessary
daring the next month
others has still to be done, attend to it at once.
Let Gooseberry
will
make late growths in
such
as
plants,
Orchids,
drip.
Many
and Currant
bushes
be pruned on
frostymornings, or
proper
spite of system, and these, although not encouraged by imwhen the
isin
that it will bear
be trodden

ground

dry state,so

to

without
injury. After pruning give the ground among
npon
the Gooseberry trees a good dressingof lime, which is useful
a
the caterpillar.Also
as
preventive of their great enemy
wheel the manure
necessary for the other small fruit bushes
whenever
favourable
a
opportunity occurs, and dig the ground
that it may look clean and fresh.
"Where the Baspberry grub
is troublesome,give a dressingof gas lime before diggingthe

temperatures, will be liable to decay if condensed vapour

the heating apWhere
paratus
is sufficient for the purpose
(asit should be in all
not
of
air
be
circulation
free
a
encouraged,
may
cases) very
only by day bat also by night when the weather will permit.
This is the best corrective after all to drip and the condensation

or

drip be permitted to lodge in them.

of moisture.

"

W.

Keane.

ground, taking care to apply it regularlyabout the base of the

fruit bushes
should be dug very
plants. The ground among
LAST
DOINGS
OP
THE
"WEEK.
in the case
of Raspberries,which have their
iightly,
especially
the surface,
to dispense
and it is better in all cases
roots near
kitchen
garden.
with digging,where it cannot
be done without
"We laid a leaf over some
injuring the
young heads of Cauliflower to keep
them
from
strong roots. The pruning of orchard trees of largesize is much
being stained by the litter. As the thaw has set
neglected in many
places,the head being allowed to get so
heaps of leaves heating,we shall at the beginning of the week
thick
of wood
that fruit cannot
from the
be expected save
be preparing beds for Cucumbers, Carrots,Eidishes, early
Now
of
the
outside
shoots
the
is
when
dentally
acciand
Onions, Potatoes,"o., so as to get a little in advance.
points
except
;
crop
thinned
is the time for washing glass,cleaninghouses, washing plants,
to something considerablybelow an average,
the fruit is small and of indifferent quality.Dry frostyweather
sticks,and stakes of all kinds.
tying mats, making tallies,
offers an
opportunity for properlythinning the heads of trees, Labiedmost of our forced Strawberry pots, to prevent confusion
ing
work
men
can
as
at this with comfort when it is too cold for on the plantsbeing again transplanted. Leaves that are heatnailing. Cut out all branches which cross the others, and dead
requireno turning,and plants must not be plunged in too
far apart that lightand
pieces,leaving the shoots sufficiently
great heat, or else they will be destroyed. For all delicate
air may have tree play among
is on.
those left when the foliage
beds,the leaves should be allowed
purposes, such as Cucumber
In removing largebranches care should be used to make close
to heat well before using them, so as to destroyall molluscs
We find a good plan
clean cuts, and if the wood
is coated with strongthick paint, and spores that might be amongst them.
this will help to prevent decay settingin before the wound is to keep snails and slugsout of moss
is to soak it in a barrel
of
well worked
ihealedover.
with
of very warm
a
spadeful
quicklime
water,
FLOWEB
OAEDEN.
through it.
Laid-in a stock of Rhubarb, Sea-kale, and Asparagus roots
Flower borders should now
be top-dresaedwith some
well"preparedcompost, which should be forked in and the surface of for succession ; these ought all to be kept well secured and
the borders left as rough as possible. This will give them a
damp. For out-door forcingnothing is better than an old
fresh appearance
during winter,and will be of great service in barrel. A barrel set over a huge Rhubarb stool with the bottom
with a mound
of leaves or
stiff soils,
for the soil will be pulverisedby the frosts of winter.
end uppermost, and surrounded
From
about standard Roses, which, by the weakness
of the
gatheringsof earlyRhubarb,
litter,would yield a good many
in
shoots and the paucityof their bloom this season, are showing
Such a barrel bored with holes half an inch or a littlemore
diameter, in rings 6 inches apart,would hold a great number
symptoms of decay,the surface soil should be taken off down
to the roots, and all suckers removed, after which a thick coat
or
of roots of Dandelion
Chicory ; the top of the plantis left
of wtll-decayeddung should be placedround them, and covered
and the bulk of the roots inside,packed in
outside the barrel,
with soil. This applieswith stillgreaterforce to those standards
damp earth layer above layer. This if placedin a dark cellar
a salad for the winter months.
planted out in turf,in which case, taking it for granted that would furnish many
of exathe turf is not nearer
mining
mild we took the opportunity
became
the stem than 18 inches,the soil should
As the weather
be removed
as
house, and brought in material for
in the former case, and a good dressingof strong
beds in theMushroom
We could not do this daring the severe
compost applied.If this be covered with flints or white pebbles. making another bed.

December

21,1S71. ]

JOUENAL

OP

HORTIGDLTURE

feared admittingthe frostyair. The sudden

we
of oold air will stop the swellingof the very young
a
and in unfavourable
weather it is well to cover
to opening the house.
bed previously

frost,as

FKUIT

AND

admission
rooms,
Mush-

GARDENER.

bearing

merely to

will often
to use much

Strawberry plants

493

be given to correct any excess

of
air,all watering in winter should
In places where
the intention
is
and it
keep plantsalive, no water should be spilled,
be wiser to allow the temperature to get lower than

safe. Where
fire heat
no
moisture
in the earth or
with great care.
be done

GAEDEN.

Preparing houses, and gentlybringing on

OOTXAUE

can

water.

more

In wateringplantswhere
fire heat is given,so as to keep an
objectsof our attention. Before
of 45", the water used
the ground wiU be in good condition for
average temperature in oold weather
planting. In all forcingthe temperature should be raised very should rarelybe below 60",and be given,when needed, as early
that the plantsmay part with any
gradually,and the atmosphere of the house should be damper in the forenoon as possible,
to go
in such houses the less the
than usual until the buds break freely. One ought never
extra moisture before night. Even
water is spilt
the better, it is a very different affair in summer,
to a fire or a furnace without previouslynoting the outside
prove
temperature, and not merely noting the temperature of the when watering the floors and platformsdoes so much to imAll the varieties of the
the atmosphere of the house.
house, but also that of the pipe or flue. With such attention
there will be littlenecessityfor opening furnace doors to keep yellow-flowering
Cytisusrequireplenty of water, and especially
it at all underpotted,when opening their blooms.
down
draught and overheating. In order to avoid having sun
Such
heat meeting with strong fire heat, let the furnace get low as
plants in a stove house as Poinsettias,Euphorbias,
the snn
promises to be bright. Tender plants are apt to be and Justicias,either showing for bloom or in bloom, require
mission
also plenty of water, 70" in temperature. In such a house the
scalded or burned
by neglectingto attend to this,and the adif the
moisture will
air will often add to the evil,
as
of moe
of a little water is of less consequence,
especi-iUy
spilling
be required to prevent the atmosphere becoming too dry, and
air is at all dry and frosty. Damping the floors and beds,and
is
chief
of
that
the
floor
se
means
a
or
as
which
rises
from
reducing fire heat are the
safety,or even
pot quite healthy or morofrom evaporating troughs. We.
steams
than that which
slightshading for a short time,until the fair balance is restored.
would
sooner
ORNAMENTAL
DEPARTMENT.
keep such a house ranging from 58" to 63",than
The presentis a good time
be kept clean.
Walks should now
ranging from 70" to 75",as a rise from sun heat is less to be
less wateiiog
for transplantinglarge trees, and also for plantingin general. regarded. With less fireheat the plantsdo better,
is required in the atmosphere.
We would have preferredthe end of Outober or the beginningof is necessary, and less moist vapour
Ferns
should
be
November
and
too
for this,but we could not do it then.
Mosses
kept tolerably
moist,and
Planting
rate
The collar of the plant ^that is,the
the stove varieties thrive better during cold weather in a modedeep should be avoided.
than in a high temperature. E. F.
point whence roots descend and the stem ascends,should not
Thousands
be deeper than it stood before.
of young trees are
killed every year merely from sinking the stem of the plant
TRADE
CATALOaUES
RECEIVED.
inches deeper in the ground. The
from 2 to 4 or more
plant
J. Carter,Dnnuett. " Beale, 237 and 238, High Holborn, London,
is thus made firm more
and
there
is
the
so
easily,
temptation W.C.
Gardeners' and Farmers' Yade-Mecum, 1872, with numerous
is having the plants
to indulgein it. Another
of failure,
cause
in pota, have been
much
wet comes,

the chief

"

"

"

ilhistrations,

taken

up

and

the roots

exposed in dry frostyweather.

tress can
fruit,and ornamental
Pruning forest,
in frostyweather, as then all branches can

done
with

less trouble.

We

have

never

it. Bradley "

often be best

Song, Halam,

near

Southwell,Notts, and Rainworth,

Mansfield,No*:t3. -Catalogue
ofNursery Stock.
NurseryStocJc. AbridgedList of Moses.
near

be taken away
observed
that trees at all
in frostyweather than in

"

"

Trade

List

of'

"

hardy felt pruning and cuttingmore

TO
CORRESPONDENTS.
smeared
to
over
weather,if all largecuts Iaa,dthe wound
K'.E. Many questions
remain
until next
unanswered
must
prevent the damp penetrating.
Plants in cold pitsand frames would
be better where a little
week.
we
think, do best
Calceolarias,
Books
You can have it from onr office
dry heat could be given them.
Vine Manual."
(Q. Q.). The
in a cold pit or frame without any artificial heat.
Oace this if you enclose 2s. 7^d.with your address.
Labels
Marking
short-hand
(A Subscriber, Lanarkshire). The
scribing
inwinter our
Calceolarias were
covered up for about a week, and
is almost as diificuU as
difijcultto recommon
member,
figures,more
to feel it at all. The first put in are lengththey did not seem
ening
and the mavlis are
so
much
alilte as to cause
takes.
misnumerous
a little; the last put in duringNovember, after being exposed
Earthenware
labels written on with a pointed piece of soft lead
to much
ave
frost,are not yet moving. These cuttingshave
very desirable,and
easily renewed.
each about li inch space, and therefore we
do not want
them
NtJESERyMEN's
Catalouges
{Rev.P. D.). We cannot recommend, mucts
until the days grow longer. A good deal of less review these, for tLiey are published in legions; but to your query,
to root much
even
Is Messrs. Cai-ter's trardeners' and Farmers'
Vade-Mecum
useful ?"'
They had no air when shut up in we can r^ply safelyit is very useful.
damp does them no harm.
the ifosty weather.
Other plants,
as Scarlet Geraniums, though
Keeping
Pears
(Z".F. J K.). The specimen sent is Passe Colmar,
mostly covered up, had in the middle of the day a littleair at and is just ripening. It is hardly time yet for them, to be quite ripe ; but
the maturity may
be hasteceu
The
the back to let out any damp.
moist atmosphere, and
but not a
by lieepingthem in a warmer,
drier apartment
Do not expose
to light. The
them too much
specimen
cause
a Geranium
to damp
moist standing ground that would
that you sent was delicious in flavour,and
this was
due, no doubt, to its
and shed its leaves,
are
thedelightof Cinerarias and Calceolarias. having been
for the last week on the dining-roomchimney-piece."
When
either of these begin to open their blooms
the atmosphere
Self-acting
Fountain
be obtained.
(J.K.). We cannot tell where it can
should
be somewhat
If advertised it would
sell well.
dry, but at all times they prefera
One
moist cool bottom.
reason
Fungus
why Chrysanthemums often
(J. J. Chater).
Your Peziza is a new
species,and at presentundescribed.
Its nearest
in
bloom
ally is P. melaloma, from which it differs,
better out of doors than they do when
sheltered under
ters.
having no black fringe round the margin of the cup, and in other characglass,is because the air is more
dry, and they are apt to suffer
We have seen
the same
plant before.
from
Wo
have
often remarked
how
dryness at the roots.
Vine
in
Ground
Ireland
Vinery"
Pears
West
of
fob
(Far JVcst],
vigorouslyChrysanthemums swell and open their blooms on
The Blacli Hamburgh
Vine planted against a south wall will do -well to
train under a grouad vinery placed at right angles to the wall.
Shorten
misty mornings and evenings,and on very dewy nights. When
under glass,before the blooms
of the syringe the shoot now, but do not transplant. A Peach tree will do in a ground
open, a free use
It, must
be kept free from red
vinery if trained as a horizontal
cordon.
them.
Those
have
who
greatlyhelps
only one glassplanthouse
Pears
Madame
for cordons
Treyve,
spider by syringing during summer.
will see the importance of placingtheir plantsin familygroups,
Beurre d'Amanlie. Beurre
d'Automne,
Hardy, Beurre
SuperfiD, Fondante
Gansel's Bergamot, Louise Bonne
of Jersey, Beurre
Bosc, Marie Louise,
instead of distributing
them regularly
the house.
It would
over
Easter Beurre, Bergamotte Esperen, and Doyenne du Comice.
Apricots
then be possibleto vary the treatment
considerably.
would do well on your west wall.
Florists' flowers in cold pits,as Auriculas,Carnations,Calceolarias,
Vines
Planting
"c. (A Subscriber). Vlant all your Vines in the front
and Geraniums, had plentyof air after the change of your inside vinery border. Without
artificial heat the Oranges and
of the weather.
On
a
day we were
glad to pull the Lemons won d not ripen to be of any use, especiallyas they would have
sunny
no
sun
after midday.
are
cellent
exMurray (medium size), and Victoria (large),
sashes ofi ; but in these dull,drizzlingdays,when air is even
Nectarines for orchard houses, and of first-rateflavour. Of the Vines
the sun
more
wanted
than when
shines,we gave a thorough you name. White Prontignan, Black Hamburgh, Buckland
Sweetwater,
and Trentham
circulation of air,and kept the damp out by raisingthe sashes
Black would do best in the early house ; Lady Downe's,
of Alexandria, and
Alicante for the late house, but
back and front. This is a good plan in changeableweather, White Tokay, Muscat
We
do not
artificialheat to ripen them.
seisons
they require in most
hours to themselves.
and when the plantsmust be left for some
think you will have sufficient ventilation at the top of your -vinery;you
A brisk shower
of ten minutes
should have all the top lightsmade to slide. In some
might occasion an endless
cheap houses short
fruit trees planted
to lift-upwith hinges. No d-iubt
With
the exception top lights are made
amount
of trouble for months
afterwards.
shrubs would to a large extent be protected from frosts when in
amongst
of those alluded to, the majority of plants in cold pits can
blossom.
Either standards
or pyramids
might be planted, and space
be kept too dry,so long as theyare moist enough to be
allowed for their development.
Boareely
mild

"

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"

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"

"

'

'

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

JOURNAL

494

Laws
to remove
the turf.

OF

HORTICULTURE

Levelling
(Black Edge).~'Ih6 best and cheapest plan would be
the turf from
the uneven
part, level the soil,and tbeu re'ay
You could certainlylevel it by putting on soil and sowing with

have
for years, and cona
pateby appearance
sidering
prftss seeds, but it would
the cost of seed and bringing soil you would find it unsdtisfactory.
and relaying,the difference would n-^t he
By taking up the turf,levelling,
great after a few mowings. The best place to get bono dust is of the
dealers.
agriculturalmanure
MoLCHiNG
Bulbs
Boeder
terial,
(Idem). Cocoa-nut refase is the best maand has an
advantage over tan in being an excellent dressing lor
the Boil. It may, however, be co"tly from carriage,hut it is superior in
has a very bdd elYect,
to stable dung, which
and, indeed, is
appearance
not
with
have
soil. The bulbs
tolerable unless covered
over
yet to
you
only an inch deep, mulching them with cocoa-nut
plant may be covered
" Co., Eingstou, and
refuse.
Write
to Messrs. Barsham
ask
for terms,
stating the quantity required,and the place where it should be delivered.
A good covering is 1 j to 2 inches, but we have put it on 3 inches
thick,and
it too much,
not found
as
we
practiseshallow rather than deep planting,
in order to protect
though the shallow planting compels us to mulch

AND

should

of

the fronds
being long is no doubt owiug to the high temperature. To
well they should not be more
tban
2 feet from
the glass,and
the soil
moist to keep the fronds fresh. They should
not be syringed
BuflicieDtly
overhead, but a moist atmosphere should be kefitup by sprinkling the
floors and walls. When
have abundant
growing they should
watering?.
The
Adiantum
farleyenseis sufferingfrom the creat 1 eat, and probably
The
Poinsettias have cast
dry atmospbere. Keep it cooler and moister.
^heir bracts from
too quickly bv the
great
having been brought forward
heat.
at
Afford more
the temperature to 55" or 60-"'
moisture, and lower
night, pufficient for nine-tenths of stove plants in the dull winter months.
We could not account for the insect eating the Orchid flowers.
Have
Search at night with a lantern.
you crickets,cockroaches, or slugs ?
do

Fern
Pillar (Co;t(;V^).Any of the dwarf
greenhonae Ferns described
Manual"
would
do.
in the "Fern
We
should prefer Isolepisgracilisto
of taste.
but it is a matter
'flowers,
"

Ferns
Fernery
for
Window
(A Subscriber)." Yon do not say whether
Ferns
that require
fernery will be heated or not, but we shall name
your
irost to be kept out. You will not require nearly so many
Ferns
as
you
and only small
For the upper
kinds will be suitable.
part of the
name,
roekwork
Adiantum
:"
Capillus-Veneris; Asplenium Adiantum-niprum,
A
fontanum, A. Trichomanes
Spicant,CystopterisDickienna,
; Blechnum
P. alpestre;
Cfrflgilis; Polypodium vulgare, P. vulgare cambrieum,
Adiantum
A. monanassimile. A, setulosum
flabeUifoHum,
; Asplenium
thflmum
canariensis,D. dissecta,D. uovas-zrelandia?
; Drynaria
; Davallia
pustulata.Hypolepis repens ; Lomaria
alpina,L. blechnoides; Mierolepia
hirsuta
augustaVNipholobus lingua,N. rupestris; Platvcerium alcicorne,
Platytoma rotundifolium ; Pteris cretica albo-Uueata, P. scaberula, P. serrulata
cnstata
N. lingua corymhifera. For
; Nephrolepis tuberosa, and
"the lower
are
part the above-named
suitable,as well as the following :"
Filisvarieties. Lastrea
Asplenium marinum, Aihyrium Filis-foemitia
mas
cristiita,
Polystichum angulare proliferum. Scolopendriums, Acrosticbum palmatum, Adiantums
variou",Aspleniums, Cheilanthes elegans,
D. media, rupestris; Doryopteris
Cyytomium falcatum ; Doodia
aspera,
Lastrea
acuminata,
"palmata ; Gymnogramma
tartarea, G. ochracea;
L. glabella,L, decomposita ; Lomaria
gibba, Lygodium
scandens, and
L. palmatum
the last two
are
climbers,let them form tte sides of the
Mohria
entrance
thurifera,Nephrodium mollecorymbiferum, Onychium
J aponicum, Polypodium pectinatum, Pteris umbrosa, P. crispa,and P. serrulata variegata. Few
Ferns that will grow
bythRside of the dripping
In a similar fernery as a last resource,
had the pockets filled
water.
with
some
the common
Murchantia.
others with Isolepis
Liverwort
with Cyperus .alternifolius variegatus. At the base,
gracilis,and some
will reach, we
where
the spray of the fallingwater
have Trichomant^s
radicans
raised
on
roekwork, Hymenophyllum
tunbridgense, and H. unifor tillingany
small
7aterale (Wilsoni), and tbey thrive well. Useful
be kept within
crevices is Selaginelladenticulata,but it must
bounds,
also useful.
are
S. apoda, S. formosa, S. pubescens, and S. Wildenovi
Potatoes
sets should
be planted on
Planting
(.^f.Edmortd)."The
tier deep.
"their ends, eyes uppermost, in shallow
boxes
soil one
without
Place
in a room
with
45"-^to 50'',
and let them
rethem
a temperature of
raain there until they have
sprouted to the length of half or three-quarters
"of an inch.
for a few days into a cooltir
They should then be removed
be planted during the first mild weather
after the
spot to hnrden, and
middle
of February, though, should the ground
th"n be wet and cold,it is
Take
well not to plant until the early part of March.
nut a trench
about
G inches deep, and line it with a 2-inch
layer of wf 11-rotted stable manure,
it at the distance
of from
10 inches
to a foot, and
place the sets upon
them
with soil to the depth of 4 inches.
When
the haulms
cover
apocar
these
in frostyweather, hut remove
branches
protect them with spruce
"

"

well
the Potatoes are
in mild weather.
Loosen the soil with a hoe when
above
ground, and earth them up when they are 2 inches high. The best
and only a
Prolific is a better cropper
fiarlykind is Ashleaf,but Mvntt's
"jw days later. The crop will be in at the close of May cr eaily in June

want.

season.

It may

The
be had

"

Garden
from our

"
Manual
contains
the information
office for twenty stamps.

also known
A. Veitehi,
Ampelopsis
13
thicuspidata
as
(I}ath{jari."lt
and is a miniature-foliagedVirginian Creeper, equal to Ivy. It is quite
in pot?.
and
be planted at any time ; it is generally grown
may
We
consider
that from
the present time up to the close of March is the

hardy,

be

better able

to

advice

you.

LrLiUM

SOWING
GiGANTEUM
(A. .^.)."Sow the seed now
in welldrained pans, and fillwith a compost of two parts fibrous loam, and one
of sandy peat, with
sixth
of silver sand.
a
part leaf soil,and also one
Scatter
the seed evenly, and cover
it a quarter an
inch of fine soil. Stand
in a house where
the pans
there is a warm
or
a gentlehotbed,
greenhouse
and
Let
remain
until they can
them
well
keep the earth moist.
be
handled, and then plice them
cirefuUy in small pots. We prefer to sow
the see is of all bulbous plants as soon
to place them in a house
as ripe,and
of from
with warmth
find
5' to 10' above
their proper temperature. We
more
tban
at any other time.
they germinate much
speedily in autninn

frost.

you

21, 1871.

"

Gymnogbamma
{M. S. J?.)."a temperatureof 70"if raaintainedbynight
and day is too high ; 55- to 60" at night is qui'e snfncient at this season,
heat to 7^'^to 75^. The
and 60^ to G5- by day, witb a rise from
sun
cause

according to the

f December

GARDENER.

Plants
for
a
Small
Greenhouse
think that
(Manchester). We
Camellias,Fuchsias, and Lilies would suit you best,as most fine-foliaged
plants require a con9ider.ible degree of heat, while you give very little.
If we
knew
the size of the house and what you could now
grow in it,we

"

from

COTTAGE

Glazed

Wall
Trees
stem
Covering
)." If the Vine
has been
of
(
do not think it is likelyto be injured. The roots, however,
we
be all the safer if frost were
by a covering
kept out of the ground
of litter,"c.
There is always a little trouble with Vines thus taken out
of the house
and then
in stove heat.
It is much
better
put back at once
if the Vine can
be brought on
little in a lower
All you
a
temperature.
do is, when
can
you take the Vine into keep it close to the front, and give
a littleair there to keep it cooler
than the rest of the house.
We would
put the ligh'sagainst the wall when the buds begin to swell,and remove
them as the fruit is towards
ripening.

covered-up
would

Inside
Borders
in
(C. C). In this case it is quite possible
soil too dry. If the surface is dust dry now,
it would
be well to
loosen
it a
off the driest portion,and if the soil is also dry beneath
scrape
little with the point of a stick,and apply enough of water
at about
60^ to
After Christmas
add
the rich
make the soil moist, but not wet.
you may
freelyin
top-dressing,and give a very moderate
watering, watering more
This
will induce
of
a free action
February with water slightlyheated.
of the buds, which
the roots before the swelling"
begins about the middle
nf Maich.
or end
Pigeon's dung will do for surface compost, but neither
that nor
be used
We
do not know
should
the
freelyat one time.
guano
size of the inside
border, but for four Vines we should think a bushel of
be enough at a time, and
about one-sixth part of a
poultry dung would
in excess.
It is as well that
bushel
of guano.
Both are dangerous when
it could be easilydone
the hot pipes should not touch the ground. Unless
in summer.
You
would nnt move
the little stage out of the house
we
would have more
reflected light if you allowed it to remain and painted
it with limewash.
Vines

"

to have

fflf.
D.l." In such a case as yours, you cannot
border
1-inch pipe at the bottom,
except by inserting a screw
with a plug or tap to take the water out, while you supply fresh
the boiler.
This will to a great extent clean
water
to the pipes above.
extent
be preThe furring of the boiler and pipes will to a considerable
vented
of powdered sal ammoniac
now
and then in
by placing an ounce
of the 4-inch
the water
after powdering it. The
upright continuation
of filling
the
as
a means
pipe furnished with a plug, is no doubt intended
the farther end
pipes and boiler. The small hole in the upper
pipe near
should
be at the
for letting air out, and
is, no doubt, intended
highest
level of the pipe. A yard or two of gas
piping half an inch in diameter,
with the end left open, would allow all air to escape, and thus you would
Whilst
it remains
must
it olten,or air
not need a peg there.
move
you
of the water.
accumulate
and
stop the circulation
may
Boiler

Unmanageable

the

empty

furnished

(A Subscriber). There is, we fear, no royal

fit for exhibition by a particularweek, as so much
in the months
of April and
character of the season
be retarded
by late pruning, about the middle of
May. The flowering may
then
March, in your situation, Somersetshire, but the spring months even
it would
be difficult to insure the
often so warm,
in Somersetshire
are
late as
the last wetk
in June.
A few of the stroogestso
best blooms
both in November
and in the spring,might give
habited
kinds removed
g'oodblooms for exhibition, hut as a general rule few Roses would "t md t.he
double removal. You might however, by retardingthe floweringby lilting
in October
and
Roses
planting again in good compost, with a winter's
do not
We
thmk
lime adds to the
mulching, have very good blooms.
vegetable soils to hasten
brilliancyof the Rose ; it is good to add to some
to give most
brilliancyof
decomposition. The soil which generally seems
colouring to Roses is one thut has a fair proportion of ferrugin'Ousclay.
to mix
with heavy clay,especirubble
Old lime
is a very good material
ally
the Manetti
stock ought to have all
Roses
on
if wet and tenacious.
than two years old entirely removed.
the wood
more
Two-year-old wood
left rather
ought to be close-pruned,and the wood of the previous season
treated
in this way
stock are
they will
longer. If Roses on the Manetti
this
the
fresh
wood
from
It
is
ha^it
which
gruund.
push every year
above
the yount;
should
be encouraged by entirelyremoving all old wood
that
Be it remembered
nearly every Rose planted
shoots at the base.
stock is soon
established on
its own
sufficientlydeep on the Manetti
it to throw
out shoots froia the
roots as well,and it is this whichinduces
Roses

road

to

depends

ground

for

make

upon

Exhibiting

"

Roses
the

line.
Moutan

Transplanted
(.471Old Subscriber). These plants
and
now
March, when, if the weather
require any water between
be very dry, you may
give a good watering, though we should not do this
the plants from growwarm
and
to any extent until the ground becomes
ing
need
liberal supply of water.
a
Heavy supplies of water
early in
planted
spring,by rendering the soil wet and cold, often prevent recently transthe
shrubs from rooting well and making a good growth. Mulch
partiallydecayed leaves around
plants to the depth of 4 inches with some
When
the plants begin to grow, cut
and beyond where the balls extend.
and encourage
ing
the old branches
young shoots from the base,wateraway
copiously when the growth has well started.
P.EONIA

"

will not

it from
can
men
procure
any of the principalnurseryWe
dealers.
cannot recommend
columns.
carneum
and
Cyclamens
Select
(Cyclamen). C. Atkinsi and vara,
inch
and carneum,
and C. griccum
are
Walk
and vars. album
all
C. coum
(D. jB.1." Cover the walk with half an
roseum,
of gravel,rake it evenly,roil it woll,and your walk will be firm and dry.
hardy and flower in winter and spring,requidng only a wel-lrained soi',
in summer.
shelter from
They are
Very loamy gravel will do well for walks in dry weather and those not
cutting winds, and a shght shade
much
C. europipum
is also hardy, flowers
used, but in winter it clogsthe feet. The right sort of gravel is small
fine subjects for pot or pan culture.
firm.
The path is, early in autumn, and
C. hederrofolium
them
the flowers are sweet-scented.
pebbles with just enough loamy matter to make
and
are
and
its white variety flower in autumn
however, better loose and without a suiface in wet weather.
quite hardy. C. vernum
is a pale red
is also hardy, flowers late in winter or early in spring, and
Frame
for
Cucumbers
the old{Cucitmi3).~For growing Cucumbers
"
C. repandum
is the last to flower in spring,just as
fashioned wood
frnme
variety of C. coum.
of two or
three lights,and " set upon
of
a henp
flowers
in April.
red
in
the
first
bright
is
autumn,
having
sweetened
C.
europajum
fermenting materials is,in our opinion, better than pits ; in
from
shade
bright
fact, though we have heated x"its,
we
prefer to grow our summer
supply It is also hardy, and needs a well-drained spot and
C. macrophyllnm, C. nobile,and C. persicum vars. album, delicatum,
sun.
in frames on dung beds.

best time to plant. You

advertisingin

Adhesive

Gravel

our

"

grandicoccineum, rubrum
grandiflorum, odoratum, rosoum, roseum
coccineum,
striatum,marginatum, pulcherrimum, and
flornra,rubrum
Fairy are all good and suitable for pot culture in tbe greenhouse. Seeds
of most
bo had
of the principal
of the best strains of C. pergicum may
plants,
seedaraen,and a packet will produce upwards of half a hundred
foliage.
with beaatifnllymarbled
and more
than a dozen varieties,some
Seed sown
early in sprinfjand forwarded in heat will flower finelyin the
following winter. Mr. Atkin3 is pei haps the best cultivator of the genus.
Phcenix
Subscriber)." A-pply to any of the
dactylifera
(A Constant
who advertise in our columns, and state what you
principalnurserymen
need.
Select

495

GARDENER.

COTTAGE

AND

HORTICULTURE

OP

JOURNAL

21, 1871. 1

December

learn to skate yes, bewiggedold ladies. (N.B.

old gentleman.)
this,I beg to say I am not a bewigged
Monday, thaw, but the glassfirm, and the ladies skatinginch deepin
at
thaw, no skating
water, such their perseverance. Tuesday,regular
all for anybody, and so for a change peopleare Ukelyto go to the
fine
I
stood
in
the
o
f
Show.
Tuesday noon,
open market-place our
fine old county town.
Not a bad day for the time of the year. In a
the face to
such

beginto

few minutes
had

never

"

"

read

If any

inside the Corn

was

Exchange,where

it

so

chanced

before.
I find a long well-proportioned
building
'better inside than out,
the top,and the lightadmirable
within no
mist. Mr. Billett's well-known pens were
was
drawn
usual,and now that the open-wirebacks have canvas
been

from
lighted

"

(M.H.B. L.). as there

Fuchsias, and Stove Plants
Chrysanthemums,
Large-fioweringChTyHaiithenunns."OnAvue, Sliss Hope, Beauty of Sfoke,
as
Meyerbeer, Princess Louise, and White Eve.
Pompons." 3a.raea Forsvtii, ranged
of the
alongthey are in every way excellent.
Fairest
Fair, tightly
Trevenna,
Madge Wildfire,The Little Gem, White
I will givein a generalway
of each class separately
Before speaking
and
Lizzie
Holmes.
ATiemonc-fiowcrcd.-'^m^exoT, Marguerite de York,
The Coloured
of the classes.
Princess
idea of the excellencyor the reverse
Kinff ot Anemones,
Thyrji, Miss liargaret, and Marguerite
an
d'Anjou. Fiic/KUrts." Avalanche, blue Boy, Striata Perfecta, Formosa,
Cochins
good ; the White
very good; Buff Cochins
Dorkings were
Stove
PZa7i(s." .E=chynanthus spleudens,
Sultan, and Catherine Parr.
good ; but the Hamburghs of all varieties were, though numerous,
Allamanda
metallica, A. maciorhiza
grandiflora,A. nobilis ; Alocasia
beea
as if it had
indeed theywere
a disappointment,
very indifferent
sativa variegata,Anthurium
Scherzerianum, Aphevariegata ; Ananassa
thought
by greatHamburgh breeders, Anythingwill do so far south
landra
Verschaffelti,
aurantiaca, Roezlii. Ardisia crispa elegans, Areca
Wiltshire."
class,which contained some
Balfourii,Cissus
as
Bougainvillea glabra,Burchellia capensis,Clerodendron
Among the Game
very
with a strong tendency to
variegatum longiflorura, excellent birds,there were
Jacobianum
shown
discolor, Cochliostema
; Croton
many
Dieffenbachia
C irregulare,C. pictu^i
Roezliana
rosea,
j Dalechampia
The
Houdans
duckfootedness."
were
very good and numerous.
stricta,D. ferrea,D. repina ;
Pearcei, Dipladenia amabilis ; Dracaena
of them been overshown.
The SeBantams
had
The Game
many
Erantbemum
pulchellum, Eucharis amazonica, Euphorbia jacquiniseflora,
and excellence ; clearly
surprisein numbers
brightswere an agreeable
Franciscea
conf ertifiora; Gardenia
citriodora, G. radicans m^ijor; GesThe
of
the
Geese
and
be
talked
of
not
as
must
things
past."
nera
they
exoniensis,Gymnostachyum
Pearcei, Hoya bella,Imantophyllum
miniatum
; Isora acuminata, I. javanica floribunda ; Lasiandra micrantha
Turkeyswere good ; but the prideof the whole Show were the Black
M. roseo-picta; Medinilla magniflca, Panfloribunda ; Maranta
of
the
illustris,
and
birds
sixteen pens,
on
Ducks, of which there were
many
dauus elegantissimus,Pentas
Poinsettia pulcherrima, Rondeletia
carnea,
The order at Birmingham was reversed.
seen.
was
a bloom
very rarely
speciosa major, Stephanotis floribunda, Thyrsacanthus rutilans, Tilhere third ; and Mr. Sainsbury's,
Mr. Pettis's Ducks, there first,
were
iandsia splendens, Torenia pulcherrima, and Vinca alba. We have named
all wonderfully
here first. But the winning birds were
there second,were
a few
of both flowering and variegated,or fine-foliaged,
plants. See them
the difference.
at the nursery, and select such as you like best.
excellent ; the distance of the journeymade probably
"

"

"

"

"

WoEars
Cricket
Field
be destroyed by
IN
(Hon. Sec.)."Worms
may
wateringwith lime water, mixing 25 lbs. of fresh lime in seventy gallons
tben
of water.
Stir well up, and allow the liquid to stand two days and
water
to the surface,
with the clear lime water, which will bring the worms
when
be swept off. Roll the ground a day previous to
they may
the application. We
question the propriety of destroying the worms.
assist tbe passage
of rain through the soil by their holes,and to
Worms
have a wet surface in a cricket field is worse
by far than wormcasts.
What
is wanted is a dry surface,firm, and clothed with short herbage.
of securing the first,
ing
Draining is the means
rollingthe second, and dresswith bone dust the third. Another essential is grazing by sheep.
"

In

Committees
regardto the Pigeons,
offered alone (ofcourse
sparingly

mean
bring
any plate-prize),
Even
and excellence.
numbers
dividingthe classes into cocks and
Pouter
classes
hens is not sufiicient. Thus, i^ the Coloured
only four
be it cup, or,
birds appeared. Well-off fanciers like a pieceof plate,
useful or ornamental bit of plateto keep and show.
better still,
some
to feel with Bassanio in the
Towards
the goldensovereigntheyseem
"

Merchant

"

Hard

And

"

of Venice

Names
Plants
of
(Colncy Hatch)
(H. C)." Cotoneasternummularia.
Uallistemon
lanceolatus, native of Australia ; a frequent greenhouse

plant. (Quercus). 1, Pernettya mucrouata

antipoda ;
; 2, Gaultheria
"3,Garrya elliptica.(J. W. L.). Has been answered already. His plants
are
1, Nerine pulchella ; 3, Leucopogon Richei; 7 (or4), Santolina pectinata. No. 2 is utterlyunintelligiblein its present condition, and presents
character
to define even
no
the natural order to which it belong?.
In aspect it almost imitates a Tamarisk.
No. 1 is a Cape bulb, succeeding
in a greenhouse if planted in loamy soil. 3 Is an
Australian shrub,
also succeeding in a greenhouse ; soil,chieflypeat and silver sand with a
littleloam or leaf mould.
4, A hardy border plant.

ever
have to learn that cups, how-

towards the

"

"
Thou gaudy gold,
of thee."
food for Midas, I wiU none

ten-shillings
theylikewise

feel with the

same

tleman
gen-

"

"

"

"

POULTRY,

BEE,

COUNTY

WILTS

AND

CHRONICLE.

PIGEON

POULTRY

AND

SHOW.

PIGEON

Nor

none

'Tween
A cup

other

or

pointsin
many

of thee,thou pale and

and man."
man

for
plate-prize

birds shown

by

one

excellent birds.

more

the best pen of

would
exhibitor,
As

it was,

the

common

drudge

or for the most

Pigeons,
have broughttogether

Carrier

class

was

very

Pouters generally
the White
good.
Now to take the classes in order.
eight entries,and five good enough to be
Dorhings (Coloured),
The Silverfirstof course, and second too.
noticed.
Mr. Martin was
beautifullycoloured birds,showed four
Greys, good,old-fashioned,
in number
The
White
!
were
would
there
more
equal
were
pens only ;
of the eightpens were
so good that sis out
to the Coloured,and were
noticed.
S;panisliDevizes is near enough to Bristol to he sure to have a
thirteen pens ; yet Bristol did not
good show of these, so there were

good,and

Some months since a few spirited

fanciers met at Devizes,and deNine years ago there
iermined to endeavour
to get up a county show.
of poultiy
at Devizes,also one the year before that date
was
a 'show
had not then become, a rule,exhibition birds)
in firstnor yet second,but a Worcestershire lady,Mrs. AUsopp,
'(Pigeons
; but though come
the shows were
both good,yet,beinglimited to one town, theyfaded
took the first prize,and a Somerset
lady the second. I hope and
Some
of
those
who
determined
to see better birds at the Bristol Show.
then
tried
to
were
yet
try
again,
expect
away.
and it was wisely
Cochins. How seldom one sees these birds save at shows ! A dozen
judgedto call it a county show. In the north of England
and Buff, and nearlyall good,as one test will show
is a fancier,town shows do well, pens of Cinnamon
towns, where every third man
there and not noticed,although seven
were
but in tbe south and west it is not so ; hence it is wise to extend
birds were
Miss Milward's
the
word of praise.
deserves a special
The county member
to town.
area.
noticed. Mrs. AUsop'ssecond-prize
Besides,county sounds superior
while
the
the
to
much
than
the
considers himself a
Cochins were
average,
up
granderman
boroughmember, and The five pens of Partridge
Mr. Sichel'sfirst and
the county magistrate
much
above the average.
than the borough magistrate. So,taking
human
White Cochins were
condition.
well to try a county show, and, as somebody second-prize
birds were
nature as it is,it was
good,and shown in perfect
extremely
there's a deal of human
in all of us."
nature
Everything His labour met a justreward.
says,
Gweat
bore this cock-a-doodle
I have said how
Brahmas.
rarelyone sees Cochins except at a
county goes down better than town.
in almost every farm and
show ; but I must go, you see, for it'sa county affair,"
are
inn-yard.
show, yet Brahmas or crosses
nificent
says Mr. Magteen
sevenSwell.
their old staunch friends rejoice.Here were
Then, again, there are these who will give if it in This may make
of Light,the latter being the better
home
fifteen
Wilts county show comes
some
and
to them, and
of
a
degreecomes
Dark,
pens
and
one
a largeness
home
to every Wiltshire man,
for it seems
in some
of the Light showed two faults
class. Yet many
way to belong to
him.
Make
with a shire,and yon get more
a show co-extensive
scriptions
sublooseness of comb and the want of size,evidentlynot having been bred
be noticed, a sandy
fault must
and more
Another
Givers and workers
set a thing going earlyenough in the year.
company.
and carry it on.
I can
One says
but give tingeover
the plumage. All these faults must be corrected. The firstgive;" another, I can
work."
little,but I can
By rightscounty shows ought to be like prizeLight were not so clean as theymight have been.
headed by Mr. Stagg'sfirstpen.
this year at one
Black -breasted Beds were
Game.
gypsies wanderers
town, that at another ; but then
in all towns you cannot find men
that he could have stood for hours
shows and willing
One of the Judgesremarked to me
and
understanding
in him a properly-made
able to work.
shown
tail,
bird.
There
the
cock
was
admiring
I hoped for open weather,and to be able to drive to Devizes ; but
sickle feathers narrow, not broad, and the tail close and rather drooping
Can't drive I
of the others.
frost frost frost.
Horrid bad weather for Devizes
Strange onlyone pen of Brown; his true of some
The Duekwings were
more
numerous.
Show ! I keptmuttering
breasted Reds, Mr. Matthew's.
with, or lookingon
; all the ladies skating
The
I specially
admired Mr. G. S. Sainsbury's
at, gentlemenskating.That feminine skatingis becoming almost
second-prize
pen.
universal.
when itwasn't thought
the thing. HowGame
cock class had good birds in it.
Well, I remember
ever,
"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

*'

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

these

are

the

strongankle-women
will get on better.

days of strong-minded
women,
may

But

he

proper

so

making

and
counter-attraction,

enough. Stillitis odd

to

see

them
the world

old ladies have

Homhurghs.
"

All

the four varieties,

numbering thirtypens, a sad
in the Selling
class was as good or betterthan

disappointment. A pen
any of the thirty.

joubnaij

496

and

horticulture

of

To be quitein ibe fashion," remarked

a
lady uear
me,
lower their cbigDons."'
Mr. HiDton's excellent Silvers
breeder
of
the
Mr.
the
and
first ;
"were
Boothby,
pluclry
perseverins
tors
admired
his cock bird.
The exhibiI particularly
Golden, second.
*'

Polish.
"

"

they f^hould

of Polish

confer

benefit
Ppecial

the

upon

public,as

birds

no

cottage

publicbenefactor who
food-supplying.
class for eggs, which
it is usuallywell
no
was
a
as
pity,
baskets of snow-white eggs nestling
are
in green moss
very

these times of dear

teaches us
There was

21, 1871.

[ December

gardener.
beef and

shows

or

and
filled,
prettyto look

us

mutton, is also

how

lean

fowl

can

become

at.

beautiful in the show pen.

Such was
the firstWilts County Show, and on the whole I was
look so
very
Hcialnyjs. Very good.
pleasedwith it. There were 450 pens, and nest year no doubt there
Creve-Cceurs
will be more
of both poultryand Pigeons,especially
the latter. The
Any other French Variety.Fair. Diabolical-looking
prepossessing
and good
few in number
in abundance, and one pen of La Fleche, another French
imp of unmanagement was excellent; the Committee
workers ; the food supplied
of good sound character ;
to the birds was
appearance.
the railwayarrangements of the best; and I believe every catalogue
Malays. The hens hardly large enough to match their mates.
Messrs. Payne, Brooke, and Hiuton, winners in
Seven pens of them.
promised was
by the first day's post. I should like in
dispatched
This gave my friend,
Mr. Hinton, imin he could hardly future for the Pouters to have a little block each to stand on, as they
their order.
hrook, but I hint on, that with a largerhen and no white in his cock's look better and show better.
I never
awaits him in the future.
and gasboth by daylight
tail,plefisure
light,
enjoyeda show more
thoroughly
for it was
Any other Breed not mentioned. The Black Hamburghs of Mr.
kept open at a reduced pricefor two hours in the
ting
took the first prize
most
Serjeantfion
evening for the artisan class. I wandered round and round, chatdeservedly
; seldom have I seen
ing
with old friends,then with new
such excellent birds,and from the low price he put on them ("4),
they
now
; instructacquaintances
the cheapestbirds in the
ladies (thisa very pleasing
doubtless no longerhis. They were
are
task),examining thispoultry-ignorant
the very best.
Two
of a certain snug
me
Show, and among
pens of Andalusians,pretty bird and that bird,until six o'clock reminded
shire,
birds not enou";hbred,one
The Bear Hotel," a famous
took second ; and Leghorns,a new
class, dinner at
hostelryknown all over Wiltand where the Bear Club,connected with the Eearcharities, meets
and prettywithal,third.
Game
Bantams.
cock a gamey
in the county presiding.
bird, every year, some
There, too, at
a
middlinglot. First-prize
great man
and the second hen good,but throughout,the hens too dark in colour.
the Bear, Sir Thomas
Lawrence
born, and first exercised his
was
The first-prize
there
few
for
too
extensive
a dinner, sat
so
singlecock was the best bird of all the Game Bantams
pencil.
Well,
boyish
we,
and Pigeon talk"
The
shown.
down, and ate, and drank, and chatted,talked poultry
Sebri^hts were
excellent,five pens Silver and three
Some
Gold.
talked over the Show, and fanciers,
of the Sihers too Golden, but the whole class very good
and birds,and sippedin moderate
and more
than usual. Among the
numerous
dry liver-suiting
Any variety"Bantams,
quantities
sherry.By the way. Black Ducks came
a neat
first. They were
clean,but many in this very often on the table. What enthusiasts their fanciers are ! but
pen of Pekins were
feature.
then at this Show they,the Black
the greatest
class were
Ducks, were
badlyshown.
sickness
Mr. Fowler
We
wanted
Duchs (Aylesbury).
another
Few pens, but good,of course.
at that dinner, but whom
specially
first with splendidbirds, quiet and
hindered being present; he would have broughtBlack-breasted Reds
calm in apparent conscious
the absent
into the conversation I well know.
However, not forgetting
superiorify.
Rouen
East Indian
distant- livinghad
Ducks
and not very good. Black
but regretting
numerous
them, we chatted on until the more
Tarn maun
Ducks the class of the Show.
ride,"and
Time approaches.
a
They were
grandlot ; such colour, to be up and away, for the
and such a bloom on them ! Looking down through the top of the pens,
into the dark rode one far off to Salisbury
Plain. Just when
so away
I seen
Had
a
nd
must
and
resident
said,
a
new
nothing in the Duck kind could be more
leaving,
beautiful,
great
kindly
acquaintance
in tb"
have been the care
and paina of their breeders. Ducks
{anyvariety),the unfinished pictureof Shakespear,
by Lawi-ence,that was
house?"
So followingmy
Mandarins and Carolina s.
lovely
*'No, I had not."
guide,he candle in
Turl-eysand Gcc.se. Excellent both,and sadly temptingfrom their hand, down stepsand up steps,alonga corridor and up a lauding,I
had
size and the nearness
shown
the pictureby the boy artist,for which a heavy sum
to Christmas.
was
The Sellinr/
and refused.
It was
like the statue of the immortal bard
Class. A largeone, hence beneficial to the Committee, been oft'ered
but, as a good fancier remarked to me, "they oughtto be killed at the in Westminter Abbey, a full length and nearly full size,but with little
door and not admitted."
A useful though not ornamental class,
its historyto mark
its value.
Then
tain
certo bed, and on the morrow
save
"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

'*

"

"

"

ly.

home,
PIGEONS.

Carrier Cocks.

This

"

good class,containing,as

of the h.ens likewise,

some
splendid Black birds birds raven
black,a great contrast
to others of tht smoky tint. The
second-prizeought, perhap?,to
hove
like the
been first. He
is a showy styli.-h
bird.
Hens much
ccclis in excellence.

to home
duties,and scenes, and faces,but with
of Devizes
it were,
as
Show, flavouring,
the week.
Wiltshire
Rector.

daysof

membrance
repleasant
following

the

"

"

Pouters (White). Owing to two

and Mr. Heath, of Calne, this was
"

Mrs. Ladd
resident fanciers,

near

a very good class.

Pouters
(Any other colour).Only four entries. Mr.
stood first.
piedcock bird deservedly
"

Tinnhlers
beak

on

(Almond). Only
"

one

Dew's Black-

enti-y. Cock bird good,but

wattle

coarse.

Tvmhlers

(Any other variety).A fair pairof Kites

first; one head

A pair of well-

OVERWORKING

THE

JUDGES.

I AM pleased to hear the Committee

of the Portsmouth Show
have taken the hint with refereuce to the jadgiog, and have
the
Hewitt
and Tegetmeier,instead
secured
services of Messrs.
mouth
of, as in former years, only one Judge for poultry. The Portsitself in magnitude;
Show in three years has doubled
and when it is considered that several additional classes have
been farmed, and all classes are
to have a third prize,I think

it may
more.
naturally be expected to increase very much
beak good. A nice pair of Blue Beards second.
Amongst the alterations in the elaeses I notice Light Brahmas
shaped old-fashioned English Tumblers, red in colour,and neat in are to have two classes one
for young
for old and another
shape, were most deservedly
commended, and oughtto have been sold,
have
Bantams
The Game
birds,and a five-guinea
cup to each.
beingpricedvery low.
been divided into two
by
classes; Black Reds to be shown
A
W
hites
Owls.
good class,
being first.
Redleaf.
Barbs, Few, and all Black. The second-prize
cock has a good themselves.
"

and

"

"

"

"

broad head.
Miss Milward's fia'st
Fantails. A nice class.
havingexcellent tails.
Jacohiiis. A largeclass. Reds first.
iVwTW. 'These were
good,though few.
"

POULTRY

LEEDS

SHOW.

"

This Show

"

now
Antirerps,

being

with much

known

interest.

as

the

They

real Carrier

were

of very

Pigeons,were
varied

is the

garded
re-

shape and

was

held

on

the 12th,13th,and l-lth inst.

The

ing
follow-

prizelist:

"

Spencer, Hawortb;

2, A. Haslam

W.
Jnj/ De"icription."Coc1c."l,
S, H. M. Julian. Hull.
caster.
G'^-MB."Black-hrrcislcdEcd."l. H. M. Julian,
2, T. Mason, Qreen Ayre, LanW. Fell, Adwaltou,
2, W.
ChickenJ!."!,
8, J. Fii-th.chiitswortli.
admired.
much
Spencer. 8, J. )". Ciuipo. Doncaster.
GAUF..~Broir7t-l"""asiciland other Red, except Black'breasted."\, F. Sales,
An
Pants.
to the other
large number, in proportion
unusually
Chickens." 1, F. Salea"
3. T. Mason.
Crowlc.
2, J. Waihoii, Knaresbrough.
made
their appearance.
classes,
Eight pens in all,mostlyBlue, but
Halifax.
3, K. b. Brnwn.
2, W. Pervis. Nantwich.
The
and
birds
and
two pens Whitenot
were
some
1. H. C. " W. J. Mason, Driphlington. 2. "Winw-od
Game."
I"Hc/v-uJin"js."
first-prize
paired,
Chickens.
~1, J. Pickles, My3, W. J. Cope, Barnsley.
Cutler, "Worcester.
therefore took them for two cocks,so fiercely
did they fight,but I
W. Fell. Adwalton.
3, H. Jowett. Shipley.
tholmroyd.
2,
believe it was not so.
other Variet}/."!,T. Muson.
Chickc7is.
2. F. Sales.
3, J. Firth.
GAME."A7U/
Satinettes were
2,A. G. Wilding, Muntford, Burnley. H, J. C. Yatee,
Any other Neto or Distinct Variety.Mr. Yardley's
1, R. Walker, Gomersal.
beautiful Bentley, Doncaster.
by rightof beautyfirst. This varietyof Turbit is singularly
ley.
Richardson, BeverDorkings."
Cup and 1, J. WTiite, Northallerton. 2,R.W.
in feather,and
when
handled, the tail expanded, and the round
Chickens."
Richardson.
2, T. E,
1, R.W.
3, T. Hriden, Ccnonlev, Leeds.
bird can scarcely
be imagined. This was, as
3, F. S. Arkwricht. Cheeterllcld.
Kell, Wctherbv.
spotsshown, a more
lovely
W.
and
"
Burch
Sheflfleld.8,
1. H. Wi'kiiison,Skipion.
Boulter,
SpvNisn.2,
it alwaysis,a very prettyand interesting
tensive
class,and deserved the exChickens
F. Pickard, Leeds.
2, J. Thresh,
"Cup and 1,H. Beldon, GoitstocU.
notice by the Judgesand visitorswhich it received.
Bradford.
Castle, Baugor.
3, Hon, Misa D. I'ennant, Penrhyn
Ilebden
8, H. T,ftoy,
( up. 1,and 2, W. A. Taylor, Manchester.
Cochin-china
value.
The
Glass. Eighteen pens of mixed
Selling
pair of Red
an.l 2. VV. A. Taylor.
3, T. Stretch, Ormskirk.
Bridge. Chickem."i
Short-faces which were
birds.
first were
very prettysound-coloured
P..OTRA."
BninMi
Cup nnd 1,W. A. Taylor. 2, T. F. Ansdell, St. Helen's.
Of dead poultrythere was
cause 8, Hnn. MIbb B. f unnanr.
beCkichens. l, F. S. Arkwright, Sutton Seari"dale. 2,
onlyone entry. This was a pity,
Olicslerfleld.
H. Boldon.
the increase of weightin poultryis a food question,
8, Dr. nuhno",
and as Dean
8,
W. W. Tickner, Ipswich. 2. H. Beldon.
B.A-MUVRG"is."Gold-pnuHied.~\.
Swift remarked, " A man
who makes
two blades of grass grow where
Chickens."
H. Picklefl,jun., Earby.
1, H. Beldon,
2, J. Walker, Buratwith,
"
one
onlygrew before,is a benefactor to his country ; so that man, in Ripley. 8,J. Rulliason,Lindley,Otley.

feather.

Tntmpeters. Only four

"

pens,

but Mr.

P.

H.

Jones's Blacks

Game."
Hindle.

were

"

"

"

"

"

"

JOURNAL

498

"W. B. Van Haansbergen,and

its origin.

Mr.

OF

Messrs.

HOETICULIUEE

AND

Newcastle,the
Blenkinsop,

Societyowes
First

the list came

on

Newcastle,took

N. Dann.

eleven

numbered
cock
for

Pouters.

entries.

There

the oup with

Mr. Guthrie

only three

were

bird

Newcastle-on-Tyne,
winningin

in fact

of the finest young

Mr.

very fine bird. Black Carriers

took the cup with a very tine
claimed
; the pair were

bird,also first prizewith a splendidhen

"5.
Of Carriers,
Any other colour,there

G. Dunn.

entries.

were

canter

five entries,Mr. J.
with a splendid
Dun

fanciers
Carriers,

say, that has been

this year, and it was
claimed for ."'5 5s. ; it was
the general
bird
should
this
have
had
that
the
Carrier
opinion
cup, but the bird
being so young the sex could not be determined. In both Carrier
shown.
classes adult birds were
"

one

shown

Of
them
In

there
Barts, in both classes,

Short-faced

Mr.

bird,in fact

one

Short-faced,Any

year.

and
nineteen entries,

were

JosephFirth won the cup with

took the
Almonds, Messrs. Blenkinsop

good.

were

had no easy
Adams
close race with him.

of the
other

finest young
the cup.

of

21, 1871.

Mr. P. H. Jones, of London,

magcup with a nificent

I have seen
this
entries,and Mr. H.

Judge.

was

birds

colour, twelve

for
victory

most

[ December

GARDENER.

Nuns.B/"cfc." Cup, 1, and c, R. W. Richardson.

2, W. E. Easten.
Any
other Colour."
l.W.
B. Van Haansbergen. 2, N. Dunn.
Fantails." K''/[[/l\"
Cap, 1,2, and he,J. F. Loversidge, Newark,
c, H. Adams
;
Newark
; T. Gallon.
Magpies.Cuf". T. Waddington.
1, J. Watts.
2, J. Towerson.
1 and
Swallows."
2, J. Watts.
Dragoons."
ijiip and 1, T. Waddington.
2, J. Watts.
?tc.R. W. Richardson;
W. H. Mitchell
(2). c, R. W. Richardson
W. R.
(2J;J. Watts; W.H.Mitchell;
and H. O. Blenkinsoo.
Antwerps."
W. H. Mitchell,. Moseley,
Cup, i,2, and /jc,
Birmingham,
c,f J,
ji
b
G. Dunn
(2).
erf." 1, J. Watts.
Tumblers."
Xojt{7-/ac
c, J. Guthrie
2, H. Adams,
(2):T.
Gallon
(2).
Baldheads."
1 and 2, J. W. H. Thorpe, he,W. E. " H. O. Blenkinsop, c, J.
Wa'ts.
Beauds."
1, J. W. H. Thorpe.
Ant
1 and
other
Variety."
2, J. Watts
(Dentilettes).
c, T. Rule, Durham
(Letz); T. Waddington (Porcelain).

bird.
splendid

COTTAGE

Messrs.

Blenkinsopran

THE

DRAGOON

PIGEON.

In your correspondent'scriticism of the pair of Silver Dragoons

with which I took the second prize at Birmingham, he
the
bars
were
of too black a tint ; now
that
I maintain
says

there
Trumpeters,Mottled, eightentries. In this class eviciently
a
grand mistake, pens 71 and 72. shown by Mr. T. Faile,of
were
tion
hesitapassedby unnoticed ; but I have not the slightest
in sayingthat scores
bear me
out
can
that these two pens were,
the finest birds I ever saw
without exception,
(tobe young ones),and

was

they cannot be too black,and I should be only too glad to meet

with a pair havingjetblack bars and as good in other points as
second at the CrystalPalace,competing in
They were
my own.
the same
class with Blues, and second at Bingley Hall.
They
the cup and first prize. Other birds in this
should have been awarded
were
so placed by different Judges ; and
I am
class were
sure
had seven
entries.
if,as your
Trumpeters,Self-colour,
very moderate.
Mr. T. Rule showed two pens of Blacks, decidedly
in
would
not
the best birds,and
correspondentsays, they were too black
bar,they
theyoughtto have been placedfirst and second,but, as in the previous have been amongst the prizewinners. I should be glad to hear
class,were passedunnoticed,and the awards went to birds of no merit.
the opinions of other fanciers of Silver Dragoons as to this
Jacobins,Red, twenty-sevenentries. Mr. Rule took the cup with a
definite
point. I sincerelywish we could come
to some
more
the best Jacobin in
good bird,while his littleRed hen, decidedly
really
standard
of a Dragoon.
It is very dishearteningto hear eo
In this class Mr. Rule should have
the Show, was passedunnoticed.
differences
of opinion. Some
tell you your birds are
many
stood
pen 90, cup, and 91, firstprize. Of Black Jacobins there were
not
stout enough in bill,others
that
they are too stout.
nine entries.
Mr. T. Waddingtononly obtained a second prize,
hut
For
not
I
would
room
to
a
myself
spindle-beakedbird,
give
Mr. Royds' bird being coarse.
undoubtedlyshould have stood first,
such as many
of the Birmingham fanciers have.
Calling on
Jacobins,Any other colour,eighteenentries,Mr. W. B. Van Haanswhen in that town during the show week, he bragged toone
me
bergen winning with one of the Whites, for which he is renowned ; H.
J. Nalder
that he had bred birds this year with beaks as thin as a
with a splendidYellow.
Mr. E.
pressing him very closely

Durham,

"

"

E. M.

Royds

showed

admitted by

were

in any

case

none

in the

Jacobin

but
telegram,

of them

had

classes several

not before Mr.

a

old birds,which
bodkin.
had judged them ;
birds clearly
beating

Feank

"

Graham.

Jones

chance, young

CHELTENHAM

them.
Next

came

Point-headed Turbits, with twenty-eight

and the
entries,
Show.
A most difficultclass to judge,
there being

best class in the

very young birds shown, and after the Judge'spatiencehad been

well tried for upwards of an hour, he awarded
Red
Mr. J. G. Dunn's
this bird beingthe youngest in the Show, and only a
prize,
some

bird first

CANARY

SHOW.

The
pleasantjourney be sure and send a catalogue."
and supplication
of three shivering
membersvalediction,
benediction,
I slowly
steamed
of the fancy,
out of the apologywhich does duty
as
ber.
for a station at Sunderland, on
a
nasty,wet. sloppynight in Novem*'

Good-bye

The

"

"

weather

could

not

make

up its mind

as

to which

most

was

iittleover eightweeks old. It was put up by auction,and brought'25s.

I
desirable to snow, rain,or freeze,and so it did all three by turns.
Of Shell-crowned Turbits there were
thirteen entries, Mr.
O. E.
back
went my way, out into the black,murky night,and theythiiirg,
Red
bird in the
Crcsswell takingthe cup against Mr. J. G. Dunn's
and true, who has learned
fireside. One, a good man
to their own
sold for "4 5s.
class ; the cup bird was
Nuns, Black, eight the lirstlesson in
previous
beaten without
exhibitingthe art of seeingyourself
the cup and firstprize.
entries,Mr. R. W. Richardson,Beverley,
taking
of there being as good fish
grumbling,and a belief in the possibility
Of Nuns, Any other colour,there were
four entries.
B. Van
Mr. W.
in the sea
out of it ; another, with hope strongly
as
ever
came
Haansbergen had all his own way in this class.
developedin his cerebral formation,and who always comes
up to the
Of Fantails,
White, there were twelve entries. Mr. J. F. Loversidge,
lest by any
mark
smiling; the third,trembling in mortal agony
Newark-on-Trent, took the cup and first prizeeasily. English Owls, chance there should be found better birds than his
and meditating
own,
for the cup.
eightentries. Mr. T. Waddington had an easy victory
turn round
taking a
by Brussels,Antwerp, Ghent, and there
In MagpiesMr. T. Waddington had an
for the cup. lu
easy victory
if
he
to
see
away,"
haply might pickup anythinggood."
two entries.
Swallows there were
shows
Engagements at home have prevented
my attendingso many
Of Dragoons the entries numbered
and most of them
twenty-six,
ones
Old friends at Hatfield and Scarborough,and new
as last year.
birds.
This was
were
difficultclass to judge,
reallyfirst-class
a most
appoint,
t
at North Ormesby and Gnisborough, I was
obligedo disreluctantly
and after a great deal of time had been spent,the cup went to Mr. T.
and with the exceptionsof Whitby and Hartlepool,
I had not
Waddington,who well deserved it,the bird beinga splendidBlue with seen
of the season.
Week
after week 1
any of the great gatherings
"

"

"

"

carriageand

fine
his

narrow

good head,but

black bars, which

good class,and

Mr.

W.

are

his

so

greatestpoint of

much

admired.

excellence

Antwerpswere

was

Mitchell swept off the prizes.Of Longfaced Tumblers

there were
birds ; of Baldthirteen entries of moderate
entries ; of Beards, twenty ; in the Variety class,seven
heads, seven
F airplay.
e ntries

of

return
to

Joilrnal anticipating
something more
awards,and longingto h.ar the opinionsof men

opened the

have
a

H.

judgeof

the progress
is now

made

than
well

in the breeding
of the bird, the

bare

qualified
name

of

appointment
whether my diswish to see
for myself has been the greater.
or
my
'"
observation
that
the
not
often
fieldis
Wiltshire
Kector's
large,
2ve(2 or Blue." Cut?,N. Dunn, Newcastle.
Pouters."
but I wished that, contracted
1, J. Towerson, Egre"
presenteditself to my mind very forcibly,
mont.
2, J. Guthrie, Hexham.
other husbandmen
would
take as much
it may
be,
though
B/ac/i.-."
CARraERS-"
Cup and 1,J. Guthrie.
he, J.
2, J. G. Dunn, Newcastle,
I.
it
If
the
be
scribed,
circumin
somewhat
Watts,
C. Vaux, Eoldon.
e, J. G. Dunn:
pleasure cultivating as
space
Any other Colour." 1, J. G.Dunn.
in
2 and
son.
he,J. Watts,
c, J. Towei
for poultry
must
we
just do as Mr. Wright recommends
and
BAKBs."Black."l
2, R. W. Kichardson, Meatis Abhey, Beverley, h^, J.
and turn up fi'esh soilin which we can scratch.
confinement,
ciig
deep
J.
Firth
Firth, Dewsbury.
K.
"H.
Newcastle.
other
O. Blenkinsop,
c,
;W.
Any
But
it
in
with
b
ear.
I
to
Cheltenham
a grizzly
travelled
Colour" I and Cup, J. Firth. 2, W. R. " H. O. Blenkinsop. c, E. W. Richardson.
company
Tumblers
(Short-faced)."^/mo"rf."
of
Cup and 2, W. R. " H. O. Blenkinsop.
in a corner
bear. I found it curled-up
was, withal,a good-natured
1. H. Adams,
he, C. Vaiix. c. AV. B. Van Haansbfrgen, Newcastle
: H. Adams.
with the cleverest arrangement of foota
carriage at Normanton,
Any other Colour." 1, H. Adams.
2 and he, \V. R. " il. O. Blenkinsop.
c, J.
tho barricade
I had to climb over
Watts
and cushions I ever saw.
(2); T. Gallon.
warmers
Owls."
-To re ten.. "Cup,
J. Towerson.
1, P. W. Richardson.
Ei/glish.-Cui^, when I entered the carriage,
the hear, which on
and I think I awoke
T. Waddinpton.
1 and 2. J. Watts,
he. T. W. Kilburn.
c, T. Gallon.
of a bear and seal
the appearance
emergingfrom its skin aseumed
W.
B.Van
TnvM-pETEiiS."Mottlcd.-l,
Haansbergen.
2,J. Firth. e,,l.Firth ;
B. Van
W.
It had a spare portmanteau, and
Haansbergen.
1, J.
Self-eolour."Cnn,W. B. Van Haansbergen.
mule, and a jolly
specimenit was.
Firth.
2, W. R. " H. O. BlenkiiiBop.
it and my share of the cushions,built me
a barricade and a den,
with
Jacobins. -Jted-Cup.T.
Rule.
1, 2, and he, W. E. Easten. Hull,
c, R. W.
how it did
after which it crawled under its skin and hybernated.And
E. E. M. Rovds, RochRichardson; W. E. Easten; H. F. Nalder. Crovdon;
dale.
Black." 1,B. E. M. Royds.
Feniaeowles, Blackburn,
! Anxious
2, T. Waddington,
snore
guards and inquisitive
porters,who always wanted to
c, H. F. Naldor.
\.
Van
other
Colour."
W.
An-)/
B.
Haansbergen.
2, H. NalUer.
made no
tickets when
to be no
examine
there seemed
necessity,
our
B.
whose

admirers

legion,and

I do

not

know

"

"

c, W.

Van
Haansbergen
; W. E. " H. O. Blenkinsop.
TvuBiTH.-Point-headed-l, J. O. Dunn.
2. W. E. Easten.
vhc, O. E. Cresswell. Early Wood, liagehot. he, T. Gallon, Felling, Gateshead,
;
e, J. G. Dunn
W. E. Easten
(3i; W. B. Van
Shellcrcstcd
or
O. E. CresawcU.
Haansbergen;
O. E. CreBSwell.
Flain-h"adcd."Cn}i,
1, W. B. Van Haausbergtn.
2, H. F.
Nalder.
c, J. Watte ; O. E. CresBwell.

on
impression
"

Be

for such

Ursns
and

schedule

probablenumber

Major.

I knew it would be a largeone,

a catalogue."
I estimated the
has not appearedfor some
years.
surfive
of entries at
hundred, and was agreeably

send

sure

21, 1B71. J

December

OF

JOURNAL

HORTICULTURE

AND

COTTAGE

GARDENER.

499

find that they had reached nearlysix hundred

hond-Jidehalf the wing dark; and from an almost unintelligible
heap of jargon
and incongruous
But my heart made one
in a schedule before me, I learn that '* the
or two unmistakeable
nonsense
jnmpa when
difficult
and
took
in
first
at a glancethe
or
nine feathers,
I entered the AssemblyRooms
flights,
white,and the secondaries dark, are the
most perfect
and my colleagne,
of the task set before me
aatare
Capt. Hawkins
wing-marks." To my eye if the primaries(whichby the
nine in number),alone are light,
Fiaher. The great room
the bird would be too
be, and, I understand,reallyis the
way are never
may
finest floor in Europe for dancingpurposes, but as the votaries of
would not win againstone with
marked, and, cceterispai'ibus,
heavily

prisedto
eutriea.

do
Terpsichore

not

require
strongsunlightfor the celebration of their

much

lighterwing.

No. 94, in the Evenly-MarkedBuffs (Bemrose" Orme),I have adbeen constructed without any reverted
of
to. He was
in the perfection
of its necessity.
True, one end of it is almost entirely
of condition,
and could afford to
"cognition
do
not
the
direct
and
b
ut
a
give
stillwin
with
long,
trifling
being
oblong-shaped
rays
away
any
i
rregularity
glass,
room,
somethingin
The
The
other winners, Bemrose " Orme, second, with Moore
hand.
is soon
perceptible.
penetratefar,and the shade from the ceiling
the
and
had every cage to lift and arrange facing
Wynne and Adams " Co. dead heat for the third place,
were
"consequence was, we
of birds. Where to draw the line between highlycommended
to order of merit before we could
in some
rough approximation
gems
light,
was
a difficult
arrive at definiteconclusions. At first it was easy enough, but at last and commended
task.
Ticked birds were
it was as thoughI wa3 runninga race againsttime or pickingup the
wonders, the most remarkable
being 156 (J.
marked
and returning
with each one to the
hundred eggs a yard apart,singly,
Buff, which I am givento understand has
Turner),a heavilybeen in the crucible and submitted to all kinds of searching
basket. And I weigh fourteen-seven ! However, I was ablyseconded
testa
whose
infinite acwithout anything"coming off."
enthusiastic ornithologist,
I was
an
much amused
at a remark
I
by my coadjutor,
and
British
and
of
me
b
irds
relieved
overheard
while
bird
with
this
and
Lizard
hybrids
foreign
a
"quaintance
examining
; extraordinary
in these classes.
much
of the responsibility
were
but everybody
silenced
was
opinions
beinghazarded prettyfreely,
old fellow who hailed from Birmingham or
by a jolly
But, work as hard as we could,to get throughin a short November
thereaway
and a portion
of the judgingstill remained to be
most of you !
saying, He have got a better receipt
nor
I have not
day was impossible,
in good part ; it heard anythingso rich since Mr. Jones, who
done on Friday morning. Visitors took everything
has the care
of Mr.
the sin of paintingand
was
ft first Show, successful in point of numbers
on
beyond all precedent,Ashton's birds,lectured a delinquent
done as it ought staining,
and wound
"oonducted with a manifest desire to have everything
with
a
It's
all
peroration,
grand chaffing
up
heard a single
to be done, and I never
grumble at delay in the issue of alongo' you not usingfast colours !
A
of
the
and
the award of prizes. greatportion
too,
especially JonqueCrests were nothingextra,but such a fine lot of Buffs I do
judging,
and
excited a deal of interest,
not remember
It was
"of the Belgians,
to have seen.
ever
a very
beingdone in public,
near
thingat the
and patientwaiting for the
finish,but all told,the best bird stood first. Nearly a score
nothingbut admiration of the spectacle
were
detail
visitor.
of every
seemed to occupy the mind of every
mentioned, and almost any one of the score could have won
under
completion
for
the
in
the
all
remained
town
to
who
see
if
such
came
not
night
cirumstances,
day
an
Many
ordinary
opposedby
exceptional
array.
interest.
W. A. Blakston.
"*'theend of it,"in any class in which theytook a peculiar
(To be continued.)
are
a
waitingand enthusiasm
Surely their patient
quietreproofto
who are subject
to fits if they do not receive a catalogue and
some
award
of prizes
by firstpost or sooner.
LEAVING
THEIR
QUEENS
HIVE.
The Clear Norwich classes made
fine show ; Messrs. Adams
and
a
Queens will leave the hive at other times than with a first
" Orme, Q. " J. Mackley,Moore " Wynne, and
Athersuch, Bemrose
the drone.
I took brood, larvis,
swarm
or
to meet
W. Walter making the runningat a " hot
and eggs
pace. It ivas hot. Colour
and quality
were
at the finish lay from the queen
I received from
in an
prominentin all,but the struggle
yon, and placed them
between the Derby confederacy
and Mr. Walter, the latter taking first empty hive with two frames of honey taken from
other stocks.
in Jonques and Mealies with birds of exceptional
qualityof feather.
I then removed
of blacks some
a strong stock
15 or 20 yards
The Derby birds were
grand in colour, but not so soft and silkyin distant,and placed the new hive on its stand. On the ninth
Mr. Bemrose
texture as I like to see them.
called my
attention to
day afterwards I examined, bnt found no qneeu-cellsstarted.
of his Buffs,No. 49, 1 think,which he said was
of the warmest
one
one
I tried again with the same
but found eggs and brood in
result,
he
had
for
time.
It
bird
of rare
birds
seen
a
was
a
long
certainly
all stages. I also found the black queen in the nucleus, and
It wanted more
too warm.
colour,but my view may be extreme
the
hive
I
removed
I found queen-cellsdestroyed
examining
upon
irosting.
and a young queen just hatched.
She had evidently
The Evenly-Marked Norwich were
show in themselves.
quenters
Frea
returned
old
Can
left
and
the
stand.
to
similar
report
a
anyone
of Canary shows know what is the average run
of so-called
E. W. Haerison.
case?
{The Bee-keeper,New York.)
come
Evenly-Markedbirds usuallystaged. One or two, perhaps,
up

rerels,the

room

appears

to have

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

the standard
standard. I do not mean
of perfection,
but the
"simplestandard which is included in the definition Evenly -Marked.
UNSEASONABLE
DRONES.
that there seems
And on this pointallow me to say, in passing,
to be
of my stocks to-dayI found three dead
On examining one
a
misunderstanding as to wha t constitutes an Evenly-Marked bird.
Class 4, drones and four dead young
bees.
also some
There were
Indeed, my attention was directed to one. No. 94, first prize.
white
which a friend thoughtwas not an Evenly-Markedbird at all,because
to have been taken out of the cells by the
larvse. They seem
one
heavilymarked than the other. To set this question bees. Have I any cause for alarm ? Bakon.
eye was more
of
at rest,
let me say that evenness
of markingis,primarily,a question
for the presence
to assigna reason
of drones
[Itis difficult
and not of absolute exactness of markingin that locality.
I
locality,
have, in an earliernumber, enunciated this theoryat length. Suffice and young bees in your hive without further information. You
stock
has
old
if
do
not
an
or
a
it to say here, that eye marks, wing marks, and tail marks, marks
your
young queen , or whether
say
Tour hive may have lost its
which
be repeated in duplicate,
she was raised artificially
constitute even
or not.
can
marks, and the
fact of any one or other of these marks beingunequalto its fellow,
in her matrimonial
in queen late in the autumn, and her successor
no
Positive exactness
way alters the fact of the bird being evenlymarked.
flights
failingto meet a drone in due time, consequentlycommenced
is seldom
never
to it not
or
found, and a close approximation
Or the old queen msy
her career
as
a drone-breeder.
frequently.The wordingof the CrystalPalace schedule for last year have become worn-out with age or accident,which would cause
intended to meet this difficulty,
at least I could understand it in
was
her to depositdrone eggs as well as those of workers.
Or the
other way.
The
there was
Best Marked
gated,"
Varieno
or
description
of her increasingincapacity,
bees may have been aware
and
allowinga wide discretionary
power to the Judge ; and seeing
would
otherwise have been
that birds of great merit, otherwise marked than evenly,and which at have allowed the drones, which
in case of
the same
time cannot
be considered as Ticked
or
Unevenly-Marked killedin autumn, to live to provide for her successor
We think you have some
to fear that all is
cause
(asunderstood by the fancy),
can,
by this wordingfind their way into her death.
with
the
hive.
I am
inclined to view
co-mpetition
not rightwithin your
Eds.]
Evenly-Markedspecimens,
this description,
"Best Marked
or
to the
as
Variegated,"
preferable
more
rigidly
exacting
Marked," which excludes many a
Evenlyone,
WOLVEKHAMPTON
PoULTKT
OF
ShOW
AND
PiGEONS.
The
superbspecimenwhich is both evenlyand otherwise marked.
"3
prize list is liberal. In fifteen classes the first
to the

"

"

"

"

"

prizesare

At Cheltenham
there were
than a dozen hond-Jide
more
Evenlythe Jonques,
birds among
not to mention
the Mealies,without
countingthose which, though nicelymarked, either had too much of
it or were
capped and otherwise variegated. The competition
was
and
very close,and the first prizefell to a bird of Messrs. Adams
marked
the wings,
Athersuch's,vei-y beautifully
and very evenly,
on
rather
the
Barwell " Golby,and Moore
though
heavily,on
eyes.
close behind,with Messrs. Adams
and Wynne were
" Co. equal third.

Marked

No.

71 in this

"3 3s.,instead of "2 as formerly. In classes for Light

Brahmas
the first prizes are "5 5s. (cups).There are also
several extra prizes in addition to the above.
The prizes for
also
are
Pigeons
increased,while the entry-feeis lowered.
or

Homing

Antwerps

are

OUR

a new

class.

LETTER

BOX.

class,Bemrose " Orme, was very fine,and by the dull

of
West
Ekgland, Plymouth, Newcastle
Poultry, Watfoed, and
November
afternoon looked so grand,that I was at one time
OTHER
Shows
(L.,Ames, d-c.).~We have not reported these Shows, because,
afraid I had made a mistake and had come
to a decision too hastily.
if a csmmittee
does
not advertise an
exhibition in our
columns,
in the morning confirmed
But a closer inspection
my opinion. The
conclude it is local,and not of general interest.
we
standard of excellence is somewhat
arbitrary.Some judges like four
Dublin
Society's Report
{E.A.S.)"lt was
put in as a matter of
and others five,
dark feathers in each wing. Some like favour. The Societydoes not advertise,
six,or seven
and we can spare no more
space.

lightof

JOUaN.tL

500

OP

HOHTlGULTUai:

AKD

UsE {Ifjuoramus'^.
Keep a Dorkinc;cnck, Rrahma pullets,
PotTLTRY FOR
If you
enclose
seven
Ducks.
and Rmen
pos'aae stamps with
your
Poultry-book for the Many," you will have it
address, ordering "Tbe
sent post-freefrom our office.
"

Fowls
Spanish
EsHtBiTiNG
for
Pbepaetng
(Inquirer), There
doubt
no
that it is for the advantage of Spanish fowls to be kept
Soft food and white peas
days in the dark before being shown.
favourite foods at such a time.
"

be

Indication
(A, B. G.). No, but
eggs will be fertile.
"

it is

sign that

can
some
are

if she "does lay the

Hackle
Curling
(E. H.)." It is a great disadvantnge, if not
several
of it,and know
We have seen
no
cases
disqualification.
remedy.
believe
all these
of them, arise either
vagaries,and we know of mnny
from distant crosses, or, in other instances,from in-and-in breeding.

COTTAGE

done

G4KDENER.

[ December

21, 1871.

in this way

by inducing them to bestir themselves, except on the

of sunny
If you do feed,use
a syrup
days
of lotf Fug ir. and
tea-sponnful of gin or brandy to every 2 lits.of fond.
Watch
your
opportunities and give a little at a time. Beware, especially,of
flooding thy hive with bee-f-iod;nothing is more
conducive to dysentery
thin this,and owing
to the long-continued bouts
of cold a-eather which
seem
normal
this winter, dysentery is likely to be very prevalent. In
fact,we have lost beveral hives owing to it already. If your bees are
still in the greenhouse they ought to be warm
enough, but you might
them over with some
woollen
cover
material during intense frost.
warmest

put

Cochin's

METEOROLOGICAL

We

OBSERVATIONS.

Camden
Square, London^
Lat. 51" 32' 40" N. ; Lon;;. 0" 8' 0" W. ; Altitude 111 feet.

We
not
are
Cross-breeding
(E. S. R.). Our opinion is an old one
To
for useful purposes.
friendlyto crosses
keep good layers,we should
after the firstyear.
If we
a
wanted
keep pullets and dispose of them
for eggs only, we
should think that you mention
a good one.
cross
Telling
the
Age of Poultry
(T. G )." The scales of the legs are
is very old,but they are
criterion
no
only marks of age when their wearer
"

between

young

ben

and

one

year

or

eighteen

months

oM.

very

or
detect the difference
practised eye can up to seven
eight months
by
to profess unerring
looking at the flesh. It is mere
assumption for any man
tell the difference between
can
judgment as to age of hens. No one
birds of fourteen or twenty months.
The difi'erence between
a
the former has sat and
reared
soon
as
her
pullet and a hen ceases
as
chickens, and those who buy and kill young
poultry for a livelihood are
frequputly deceived
by buying fattened hens for chickens, the daily
experience of thirtyor forty years notwithstanding.
Game
Fowls
(Far West). It is impossible you can show your birds as
be
Black
Reds.
They are very strict in colour, and no deviation can
latitude
in Bcown
As
allowed, but there is some
a rule,a prize
Keds.
and
other Reds
suit
list is thus
Black-breasted
;" that would
worded,
case.
Your chickens would
have died on tbe flagstones. Fire is
your
13th.
not
good for poultry. Warmth
must
be conveyed through food
The
14th.
"

REMARKS.

"

Extremely damp and dull all day, though no rain fell.

Beautiful soft air,but rather damp all day, a very slightshower in
evening.
A fine day but no
drying-up of the mud, rather foggy about 6 p.m.

"

inches
boarded floor is bad for the chickens, unless it is covered
some
thick with dust, sand, or road grit. There is nothing unusual in chickens
fresh
at this time of year. They will soon
want
air,and when they begin
to droop, try to find an outhouse
or
shed wi^h an earthen
floor,where tbe
hen can
be put, and where they will be sheltered from wind, rain,and
out if they like.
draught, while they cin run

Fowls

Dying (J.JtaHion) Your fowls are dying from cold, and from
N^'ither
cayenne. We advise you to discontinue the stove and the pepper.
Assimilate
as
are necessary.
possible to that of birds
your food as much
in
in a state of nature, and provide them
with things tbey do not come
mixed
with cold
contact with. Feed in the morning on slaked oatmeal
whole
with slaked
some
water ; midday with the scraps and
corn
; evening
oatmeal, or ground oats still better.
Tbe spots and pimples would suggest
In
poison, were it not for tbe fact you have been giving cnyenne.
the.inflamed state of the oesophagus that you have described,a grain of
"

form
irritant that would
account
for pimples
an
cayenne if lodged would
with water, allow only a little
on
ground oats mixed
or irritation. Feed
water three times per day (none by theml, and give two pillsof camphor,
each the size of a pea, night and morning.

15th.

"

"

clearer afterwards.
16tb." A very mild but damp dull day.
17th. Very foggy and
damp in morning, clearer at noon
; at 1 p.m.
the
tried to shine through the mist and probably succeeded where
sun
less smoke
was
thick in the afternoon, clear at night.
; rather
18th. Bather windv in the morning, but stilldamp and dull. The wind
increased during the day and was
strong at nicht.
wind
19th. Much
censed
in the morning,
during the past night, which
and
followed by a rather dull day, except a short time before
was
it was
sunset, when
bright for a short time, rain at night.
A most
marked
change iu temperature from last week, the mean
of the
12" higher ; max.
in air,10^ ; min, at 4 feet above
morning dbservatons
in sun
at 4 feet,12" ; and the min.
on
grnnnd, 13.7" ; max.
grass, 9.8-'.The
difference on grass would have been more
equal to the others but for this
low
reading of the firstday caused by the cold of the previous day,and
the frost stilllingering in the ground. G. J. Symons.
"

"

"

"

Eggs
If from young Ducks, probably within a
Ducks'
(St.Edmunds).
that time or longer. Weather
will have
month ; if from older, double
influence ; the colder it is the longer you will have to wait,
some
"

COVENT

GARDEN

MARKET."

December

20.

Business
transactions are limited,and there is very littleimprovement
to be noticed in any
department. The wholesale trade is languid, and
Bantams
now
Bantams
have Duckwinged
DrCKWiNGED
(A. M^."We
confined
to immediate
wants.
Prices have
country orders are
been
least
at
months.
that
have
been
in
the
same
in confinement
eigbteeu
place
in rough goods, which
maintained
continue abundant.
scarcely
Pears
sentryEight birds in perfect health in a space 5 yards by 2,with a roomy
Nelis,Jean de Witte, and ChaumoDtel,
MorQeau, Winter
comprise Glou
cocks
dubbed.
The dark
leaden apGame
are
box to roost in. All our
pearance
of Newtown
Apples consist
Pippin,Ribston Pippin, Blenheim
Pippin,
of the comb
is from cold or indigestion. A
dose of castor oil
Nonpareil, and others.
both.
will probably remove
FRUIT.

Light
Brahmas
of
(A.A.)."Cock, 8 lbs.,pullets,6 to Tibs.
s.
months.
larger,but the foregoing is a good average at seven
Apples
J sieve 2
Fowls
in
a
House
doz.
0
bad, the flue
(Houdan). Your arrangements are
Apricots
lb. 0
no
Cherries
no
disease,make
is an evil. Pheasants, Partridges,nnd Grouse know
bushel
10
Chestnuts
in th^nr
wise
smell, yet they roost in the open
air, but they are
Currants
i sieve
for the night. The
they do not choose a brick to squat upon
generation,
do.
Black
brick floor is very bad, the interstices absorb all that is liquid,and,
doz.
Figs
that
is
which
In
a
small
a
is
the
most
offensive
as
as
rule,
liquid
space
lb.
Filberts
to
as that you
mention, the most
lb.
scrupulous cleanliness is necessary
Cobs
lb.
If you cannot
of bricks, cover
take up the run
prevent foul smells.
Grapes, Hothouse....
Gooseberries
quai-t
them with 3 or 4 inches of sand, gravel,or grit. Green food is pood ; let
Lemons
I^'IOO
none
be thrown in the house, but all in the front. The ground should
each
Melons
with a birch-broom
be scraped, or raked, or swept hard
morning.
every
Feed
on
wheat.
Discontinue
ground oats or oatmeal every morning,
Indian corn
midday, and ground oats in the evening. Nothing must be
the surface swept
All should be given outside, and
given in the house.
doz.
Artichokes
and clean every morning that there shall be no npftear.ince of
BO hard
^100.
Asparagus
its being used.
of the many
infectants
disDisinfect the house and run with one
per 10)
Beane, Kidney
Weight

Some

are

d.
Ot

Mulberries
Nectarines

"

now

"

few

hours.
Lavender
have no acquaintance with
for
Bees (S. H.il.)."We
lavender as a pasturage for bees. Can any of our readers give their
experienre of it ?
Bees
Weak
(A 8ub8criher).~We fear your bees by this time, are dead.
A great mortality has already set in amongst
our
own
bees, even where
were
weak in
they had plenty of food, especially among
those which
nmnfaers. It is,moreover, a bad time to feud,and great harm may be

Orauaes
Pears, kitchen
dessert
Pine Apples
Plums

Raspberries
Strawberries

Quinces
Walnuts
ditto..

doz.
doz.
doz.
lb.
i sieve
lb.
lb.
doz.
bushel
10
,

T^-lOO 10

25
2

VEGETABLES,

d.
B.
OtoO
0 12
4
0

bushel
doz.
bundle
Sprouts. .J sieve
doz.
Cabbage
^l'*0
Capbicums
bunch
Currots
doz.
Cauliflower
bundle
Celery
doz. bunches
Coleworts..
each
Cucumbers
doz.
pickling
doz.
Endive
bunch
Fennel
lb.
Garlic
bunch
Herbs

Beet, Red

B.

Leeks
Lfr'ttuce
Mushrooms
" Cress,
Mustard
Onions

bunch
doz.

pottle
.punnet

d.
B.
StoO
n
2

bushel

pickling
quart
Parsley per drfz. bunches
doz.
Parsnips
Peas
qunrt

Broccoli
Brussels

Horseradiah

B. d.
B.
0
OtoO

^100

Peaches

Broad

in use.

Pens
will find on
Pocltry
Puechabino
(X. T. Z.).^Your Committee
applicationthat those who lend pens on hire are the makers also,and
will readily sellthem.
Colchester
Show
Turbits, G. South.
(J. O. Dunn).
Show."
In the class for Any variety of Bantam
Dublin
Poultry
to Mr. G. A. Stephens, and the
awarded
except Gome, the firstprize was
second to Mr. W. M. A. Wright.
Tredegar
Show."
In White Bantams
at the Tredegar Show the first
the second to tbose
awarded
to the Rev. F. Tearle's birds,and
prize was
of Messrs. S. " R. Ashton ; and
in Blacks
both Messrs. Mayo and Draycott were
highly commended.
Birds'
Preserving
Nests
Soak them in a tanner's tanpit for
(iJus/t)."

lb.
doz.

Potatoes

Kidney
Radishes.,
Rhubarb

Savoys
Sea-Kale
Shallots

Spinach
Tomatoes

Turnips
Vegetable

btmdle

bushel
do.
bunches
bJ ndle
doz.
basket
lb.
bushel
doz.
bunch
Marrows.
.doz.
doz.

Sea

sea

POULTRY
The

MARKET."

December

29.

Tons
of provisions
is all confusion preparing for Christmas.
stances
coming in that will not be unpacked. Under the circumour
must
defer
and
w"
would
in
the
be
jumps
dark,
quotations

market
are

notice tillnext week.

December

SMALL

28, 1871.]

OP

JOURNAL

FARMS"

HOW

THEY

HOETICULTUBE

CAN

BE

AND

COTTAGE

GAKDENER.

501

MADE

Pears are plantedthey should be higherfrom the ground

the blossom
than Apples,
say ;20instead of 12 or 15 inches,as
liable to be cut off by the frost. I do
and more
is earlier,
and
By Rev. WnxiAM
Lea, Vicar of St. Feter's,
Droitioich,
where
of growingfruit,except_
this mode
not recommend
Hon. Canon of Worcester.
is desu-ed; as I mtimated
fine fruit in small quantities
Apples,pears, and cherries,"
market and not for the Black
i put above, it is for the London
these tlu-eefavomite fruits together,
because
such fruit is sold by the dozen,in
Country. In the first,
if theyare plantedon common
orchard stoclis the latter by the pot.
it is at least fifteen years before theybecome
the White
varieties as
Transparent, CalviUe
Such
profitable
; so, if they are
planted on a fruit Blanche, Cox's Pomona, Ecklinville Seedlmg, Oslm,
lord
farm,it should be at the expense of the landIrish Peach, Kerry Pippin,Br9,bant Bellefleur,and the
well as cordons, and_
and not of the tenant. But Appleson
produce
Reinette du Canada
answer
and
the EnglishParadise stock,and Pears on the enormous
is limited,
the number
fruit,but of course
half
and
Cherries
as
the
and
are
Quince,
Mahaleb, will a dozen or a dozen
a
on
quite many as one
This will settle the question
much
to.
earlier into bearing,and 'v^'ill,
come
do justice
if cordon can
the farm is within reach of a good market,
as
is desired. If grown
able where quantityand not quality
prove a profitdismiss the consideration of bushes the follo-ndng
sorts may be added to those which
crop. We will,therefore,
orchard stocks,and see what
the best of dessert
named above :" Cox's Orange Pippin,
are
may be done with Appleson
the Paradise stock.
burg
Apples ; the Joaneting,Hawthornden, Duchess of OldenIf Apples are
planted in tliis form it should be as
Emperor Alexander, Small's Admirable, Blenheim
TO

ANSWER."

No.

4.

"bushes,"and the pruning should be of the simplest

kind, Orange, Cellini,Wick Pearmain, Dumelow's SeedUng,
which from coming
which are too rampant, and cutting Brabant
Bellefleur,and Lord Sufiield,
out those which cross.
Treated in this fashion, the tree
in earlyis always in demand, and last,but not least m
which will
at six years old may
produce,say, one-tliirdof a pot of value, where it will grow, the Sturmer Pippin,
vantage
the priceof which wfll vary from 2s. Gd. in a good keep tillApplescome
fruit,
if this be considered an adin again,
to 6s. or 7s. in a bad one.
intended for the markets
season
I do not think,therefore,
; add to these,ifthe fruitis
that the Apple, as a rule,will be so profitable
that shmes or has a red cheek.
of the North, anything
a crop as the
of sorts
Plum ; but if,instead of growing the common
sorts, a man
In the same
way in growingPears, your choice
will go-infor tlie choicer varieties of large or table fruit, must depend on the market for which they are
intended.
shoots
justshortening

such as would be appreciated

in Covent Garden, and could If for Covent Garden
Market, fine fruit which will come
be sold by the dozen, he would
cember
obtain a better return.
in between late Grapes and earlyStrawberries from DeFrom my own
to grow ; if
to Easter, will be the most profitable
experienceI shoiild say that the surest way
of obtainingfine fruit is to grow Apples on the French
for the north, the earliest you can
get" the qualityis
it is called a Pear.
system of singleor double cordons. This is easily
done, immaterial,
provided
and at a very slight
a
expense ; you only want
training On one occasion I happened to be in London, and
ground and a line of wires to fasten your trees to when
having a morning to spare I went to Covent Garden, and
theyare trained. The way to set about it is this First amused myselfby lookingat the fruit and chattingwith
tion
put up two posts in any part of your ground which is the salesmen, who were willing
enough to giveme informaconvenient, and nail a common
deal batten to them at
when
they found I knew something of their subject.
15 or 18 inches from the ground. This is
your training From what theytold me I discovered that there are certain
"
maidens
ground. Then purchase some
on
English stock varieties which usage has made fashionable in the
Paradise stocks,
and bend them into shape by tyingthem
market, and which their West-end customers demand ; and
down
to the batten ; in one
season
they will acquirethe that many of the best Pears are not known there by name.
What
proper form,and be fit to transplantto your wire,along To my inquiries,
they thoughtof the Josephme de
which they are to make a peimanent cordon.
Malines or the Doyenne du Comics'?" I was told by several,
with the
The French grow two varieties of cordon,the single
the same
It was
and
We
heard of them."
never
the double.
In the singlecordon the trees are
Fondante d'Automne, Winter Nebs, Berplanted Beurre Superfin,
about 9 feet apart,and when the head of the shoot of one
gamotte Esperen, and other first-class varieties. Pears,
rotation :" Bon
reaches the tail of the next, it is graftedinto it,so that the as they know them, come
in in the following
sap is passed on from one to another throughoutthe whole
Chretien, Louise Bonne of Jersey,Beurre Diel, Duchesse
line. The theory is that a vigorous
should be d'Anaouleme, Marie
Louise, Chaumontel from Jersey,
grower
then (November)splenplanted next to a weaklier one, and thus the want
of which there were
of Glou Morceau
did
stamina of the one replenished
from the redundancy of the
specimens from France, Vicar of Winkfield under the
other; but I cannot say how this will answer
from my
of the "Curate,"Easter Beurre, and Beurre de Ranee.
name
trees have not yet caught each
as
own
experience,
These later sorts carry them on tillthe hothouse produce
my
other. -AH I can
and on this account I should imaginethat they
say is that cordons form a very pretty begins,
to grow.
edging,and that they produce finer fruit than can be would be the most profitable
obtained in any other manner,
the Pear as a
both Applesand Pears.
far to recommend
how
Of
I hardly know
the two I think Apples succeed better thin Pears,and if staple
for a smaU fruit farm ; the fruit of the later sorts
"

"

"

"

No. 661.-Vol. XXI., New

Sebies.

No. iai3." Vol.

XLVI.,

Old

Semes

JOURNAL

502

HOBTICULTURB

OF

AND

COTTAGE

GABDENES.

23, 1871"

[ December

have

itself out, and the stems looked better and the

worn
fiowers came
after a fashion, I took specimens of the
out
diseased leaves and flower-buds to a meeting of the Boyal Horticultural
should be induced
one
Society'sScientificCommittee
day, when there
the moment, or it is gone ; bat 11 any one
several foreignauthorities present,including
I will add a little were
M. Linden,
by what has been said to make a plantation,
to all. In most oases
experience. Yon may grow early but the disease appearedto be unknown
advice from my own
more
the bulbs were
continued
be
for if you
and
I
to
have seen
so.
Fears as pyramids, but not the largerand later sorts,
healthy
L. auratum
show beautifally
in a root bed in a friend's garden,
will probablyblow down at least one-half of
do the equinoctials
all the better for being rather dwarf,which
was
These heavy Pears should be grown in a spot well
owing, probably,
your crop.
to the bulbs not being large.
sheltered from the West, as bushes or as espaliers,
or, if you
"
of growing L, Browni.
D.," of Deal,speaks of the difficulty
liie,as cordons ; they will requirecareful watching for a month
1 have bought bulbs from Yan
of
Houtte, and from Tamer
before they are gathered,otherwise you will have a visitfrom
like
make
but
who
will
cannot
incision
the strength and
small
near
as
of
one
Slough,
yet get anything
tomtits,
jast
a family
thus ruiningthem as efiectnallyvigour of the Longiflorum varieties. I believe Major Trevor
the stalk in the finest fruits,

than an everybe carefnlly

stored,it is not more
other-yearcrop. It is snbjectto the disadvantageof not being
saleable except when ripe,and when ripeit mast be eaten to

requiresto

"

vigorous Clarke grows this Lily without

and with a littleartificial

difficulty,
that
heat.
He
bulb last season
with its shoot
a
gave me
of time well,
to the influence
2 inches above the pot,which flowered in course
dry,and is not subject
your ground is perfectly
of a
and the bulb has besides greatlyincreased in size,producing
of late frosts,
or
year after year you will be disappointed
bulbs
I
will
the
and
the
two
which
ceed
sucblossom
on
so
The Apple
later,
promising baby
stem,
hope to do still
Plum,
crop.
L. Browni plantedin
I have some
better with it this season.
where the Pear will fail.
a largerootwork, the
the best varieties of Pear, out of the
soil of which is composed of two parts
I have alreadynamed
thousand sorts which have been raised and thought worthy of fibrous peat and one part of loam, and I fancy this position
excellence, will suit it. The only other Lilies I have got on badly with
being named ; there are many others of undoubted
Tennifolium
and its allied Lily Bnschianum, and Szovitsare
but I do not think that there are any to beat the sorts above
does not
A
small
fruit
farmer
their
season.
ianum, which bloom well with us one year, but do not keep
mentioned in
cient
suffithem in the rootwork shelteredbut facing
three
varieties
will
be
I
Two
or
quite
sorts.
am
trying
healthy.
requiremany
north. Oars is a hot country in summer,
for his purpose, if he seeks for quality Louise Bonne,
is probablya
I believe with " D.," of Deal, that L. auratum
Beurre
Diel,and Easter Beurrfi ; it for the northern markets,
the Green Chisel,or any very earlyvarietywhich succeeds in
hybrid. There would hardly be such endless varieties of colour
I agree with him, too, that its
and form if it were
not so.
the district,
Sammer
Doyenne, and the Bon Chretien,which
social positionshould not be above L. speciosum,though when
last is one of the best of all Pears.
I doubt if it would pay at all to grow
derful
With regardto Cherries,
reallywell grown it is a grand fiower. Who that saw the won130 flowers standing about 10 feet
stock.
tub with its some
them
for market
They must
purposes on the Mahaleb

and more
the blackbird with his largermandible
all,before yon plant Pears make
thrusts. Above
as

sure

"

ton,
the wild Cherrystock ; but unless
be plantedfor orchards on
high, that was shown a couple of years ago at South Kensingthink otherwise ? Everybody coming into the
could ever
the soil is good,notwithstandingthe old adage,that " a Cherry
"
Oh ! and to take
seemed
to say,
inclined instinctively
tree will buy a horse before a Pear will buy the saddle,"they room
into profitable
bearing, A off their hats to it. The overpoweringperfume was no joke to
will be some
years before they come
turned
have
the
orchard
when
he
is
must
who
of
must
the
who plantsa Cherry
fifty,
thought
Upas tree.
Committee,
man
"
lancifolium."
I have kicked
afraid we must
unlearn
I am
do it ifor
the benefit of his successors, and they will have good
hard as anybody, but the
as
to thank him, for the produce of an orchard at thirty againstchanges in nomenclature
cause
their way sooner
later. The
or
years of age will average something like 20s. per tree, which, scientific authorities will have
but high scientific
To a young
trees to the acre, will give an abundant
changes are not only with us.
taking seventy-five
British
the
alterations
the
groaning over
return.
authority I was
of shells,
is making in the names
varieties which appear upon the lists,I Museum
instancing that I
Out of the many
believe none
more
are
profitablethan the Early Black, the had found my old friend Bostellaria set down as Fusus, which
of a very different
Bigarreau,and the Waterloo ; but this,again,is a matter of everybodywas familiar with as the name
the first thing to be
shell. I got no sympathy. My friend said, " I take the other
soil and climate,and as in all other fruits,
view ;" and then completed my dismay by saying that in his
ing
done is to ascertain what sorts fiouriah best in the neighbourof a
able
science they were
fields ; but if Cherries are planted it should be in considertakingaway about the only Latin name
till
and givingthe
colour
the
from
beetle I knew, the Blatta orientalis (cockroach),
moment
they begin to
as
quantities,
from the name
Blatta to an out-of-door bug. A universal language is of
they will requireto be protected
they are gathered,
and if the only way to arrive at this is
most desirable,
course
depredations of birds. Here, again, blackbirds are notable
I
offenders. So, too,are starlingsand jays if there are any in to go back to the originalname, I suppose we must submit,
lancifolium was
sober-minded rooks are not above the believe the name
the country,and even
given to another
previously
"

in cultivation,
us which
give no trouble are the speciosum
of the oanathe
varieties, tigrinum,and the longiflorum,some
dense type,and Leiohtlinii. This last is a very beautiful,
ful,
graceand most satisfactory
Lily. You have latelyhad the best
of twelve Boses ; if you had the best of four Lilies I should
It is difficult for many
new
give in L. Leiohtlinii as one.
thoroughlyhardy the great majorityof
growers to realise how
and
am
this
I
have
bulbs,
season
Lilies are.
given away many
almost
always asked whether it would not be safer to keep
Why I believe
in the greenhouse through the winter.
them

Lily not

temptation.

NOTES

ON

THE

now

"The Lilies with

(To be continned.)

LILIES.

well-known correspondent " D.," of Deal, suggests

(page440), that I should give a few notes on Lilies. If I could
help anyone who has but latelytaken up my favourite flower
I should be only too glad to do so.
I must begin by saying that we have all a greatdeal to learn
TouE

do three out of a dozen

bulbs
all to every appearance
equallysound, both L. speciosum and auratum show best in a sheltered place
of rain, yet if
equallyfresh,and of the same age and size rot or break-up is,that though they will stand a fair amount
into small bulbs, while the other nine, apparentlyidentical,exposed to driftingrain in large drops accompanied by high
the
smeared
the
over
petals.
pollengets
plantedin the same situation and in the same soil,and having wind,
this
In an old-fashioned garden at Wandsworth, where there was
the same watering,grow stronglyand well 1 I have seen
and over again,both in sun and shade, in pots under cold
one, enclosed by tall
leading from the principal
over
a small lawn
shrubs and sheltered from all winds, I planteda bed of many
periments,
glass,and in open borders. We have tried a great many exhappy, and I showed
and are trying many
for next season, but this is sorts of Lilies. They seemed perfectly
flowers from this bed at South Kensington after a week of wet
will not account
for it. A
stilla mystery here. Wireworm
few
of
the old flowers were
Of
course
a
number
of L. auratum
and stormy weather.
bulbs,plantedin deep peat among dwarf
damaged, but most were perfect,
Bhododendrons, or making a small janglefor themselves,have
in an exposed
L. speciosum growingperfectly
succeeded
best here.
This season, however, some
have been
I have seen
The lady of the house looked after the
Rochdale.
attacked for the first time with a brown
in some
near
cases
in

Lily-growing.For instance,why

L. auratum

"

"

spot,
which
showing itself on the leaves,in others on the flower-buds,
seemed to destroythe vigour of the plant for a time.
We had
a

great many

L. auratnms

garden
but if I remember
bed herself,
rightlyno protectionwas given
L. longiflorum
in winter,though the climate is cold and damp.

attacked in this way in a bed enclosed we

The disease seemed suddenlyto
so

by Beard's glasswalls.

find to bloom

best in

bed of dwarf shrubs. It comes

up
over, that it often getsout by the

earlybefore the frostsare

OP

JOUENAL

28, 1871. ]

Decembei

HOBTIOULTUEE

AND

COTTAGE

503

GABDENEB,

plantslittlecheck,and reduce the necessityfor shading on any

but very brightdays. Avoid giving the Pea a very rich soil.
Prom
I do not believe in mixing dnng with Lily oompost, unless, A fresh loamy soil not too lightwill suit admirably.
ment
and the treatthree to five months, accordingto the season
indeed,it is so old that it has ceased to be dung ; but where
time
of
between
will elapse
the
sowingand
theyreceive,
the bnlbs are very strong and planted very close together,a
Thomas
Ebookd.
I
have
fruiting.
to be only beneficial.
of old dnng seems
top-dressing
been told that L. ligrinnmFortnnei willstand and thrives upon
this
treatment.
I
have
not
tried
dose
but
of
a strong
yet
dung,
NEW
NAMES.
OLD
PEARS
WITH
If these are the sort of notes you care to have I may, perhaps,
I received two or three Fears
Some time earlyin November
send a few more, or I shall be happy to answer
questions.If
from Glastonbury of a largesize,covered with russet,and of a
should soon
growers would give us their experiencewe
many
texture and flavour remarkably fine,the latter with a smack of
P. Wilsok.
facts to work by. Geoeqe
get more
aniseed very agreeable. These I found had been submitted to

We had as stronggrowththis unfavonrable

cold wind.
in a Bhododendron bed as in pots in the orchard house.

season

"

"

FORCING

VEGETABLES."
THE

Ko. 4.

PEA.

few gardenershave attemptedto

comparatively

EiiHEBio

Mr. Cramb and some

who pronouncedthem to be
nurserymen,
Beurr".
the Brown
A few days afterwards my son
hood
broughtfrom the neighbourI had
of Bristol,from the garden of a friend to whom

fine specimen
ten years since,an equally
a tree some
presented
produce this vegetableto any extent,much before the season in of the Fear received from Glastonbury. This tree had a label
to perfectionin the open ground. Doubtless
and
it
from
one
this
long
was
with the name
on
as sent
here,
sort, since known to
the want of a dwarf-growingprolific
was
and forgotten the Esperione. This was
me
room
more
as the tall ramblinghabit of most
varietiesrequires
of
went to my preserve
a clue,and I at once
my plantation
than can conveniently
be spared in the forcingdepartment at
stock trees, and there I found the tree,which had borne some
this objection
Now
that time of the year.
has, in a great fruit. In
Pear,
my fruit-room I found them to be the same
been overcome
by the introduction of such dwarfmeasure,
the
About
but much
inferiorin size to those from the west.
call Beck's Gem,
growing sorts as Tom Thumb, or what some
of
another
shire
Somersetof
month
I
from
received
the
middle
part
McLean's Little Gem, and another kind called Multam-intwo or three specimensof the same
Pear, but this tiine
not one of which sorts
Parvo,a dwarf-growing
productivevariety,
inferiorin
On examination I found them much
with a name.
exceeds
18 inches high. I have grown them all,
and if I have
to
size and flavour to those I have mentioned, owing, probably,
been suppliedwith the true varieties,
have
I,notwithstanding,
Pear.
but evidentlythe same
stock,or site,or soil,
them.
been unable to discover any material difference between
Pears
these
Now I fullybelieve that unless I had recognised
The
pods are produced plentifully
enough, but the peas within
for
sorts added to our collections,
should have had two new
we
are few and very small.
the Pruit Committee, not knowing the first mentioned, would
For forcing,however, these dwarf-growing
sorts are far preferable
have given it a certificate,
and probablythe second also,thus
to any of the tall-growing
ones, the best of which was
these unknown
I mention
benefitingthe pocketsof the growers.
Bishop'sDwarf Longpod,the only kind used for forcingyears
Pears because I feel assured there are hundreds of Prench
which
ago. But I find from experiencethat of all the vegetables
have
had
and
their
names
and Belgian Pears that have lost
admit
of forcing,
the Pea is the least profitable,
not only from
with
attached to them, as is doubtless the case
local names
the largespace required for a succession of crops to grow in,
The historyof this showy
Brookworth
Park Pear.
Wheeler's
but also because
it takes a long time to bring it to perfection.
to be this. In 1870 Mr. Wheeler saw it growing
Pear

which it comes
the chief reason

"

"

Still these difficulties should not deter us when we

remember
deliciousis a dish of Peas, and how admired and valuable
theywould be if placedupon the table at a season of the year
when
vegetablesnaturallygrown are scarce.
The treatment requiredto force the Pea successfully
is not a
difficult one
for a beginner to learn.
The
principalpoint to
observe is that the plants are grown at starting
in a moderate

how

seems

at Brockworth
Park, and sent it to the Fruit
and
It proved very handsome
good, and had a
though
In
1871
it was
not so good. Now, alfirst-classcertificate.
called
it is now
it could not be proved to be a seedling,
correct ;
This is not pomologically
Park.
Wheeler's Brookworth
it might have been called temporarily
a foundlingtillits true

a
against

wall

Committee.

is found, which it assuredlywill be.

name
about 45", with a gradual rise to 60" up to and
fruits used to be very common,
This naming of unknown
that they are in flower. Afterwards an increase
but Thompson spoiltthe trade in guinea and half-guineaquasi
of 5" or 10" will suit them until the crop is fit to be gathered.
tural
fruits when he published his
Catalogueof the Horticulnew
Air is very important,and should be plentifully
given up to the
was
entirely
Society,"and I quite thought the practice
settingof the fruit,but after this a slightdiminution of the out of date till
No fruit
my attention was called to it recently.
afternoon
and night air will help to swell the pods perfectly.
can
should be called a seedlingor named as such till its origin
While the plants are growing water should be given sparingly
in a man
be fullyproved. There is a sort of assurance
placing
and judiciously,
else they are apt to run too much to straw ;
or
his name
to a fruit unless it can be proved to be a seedling.
but from the beginning of the blooming and onward to the
Mr. Wheeler is not to be blamed for introducinga Pear unknown
Like any other
swellingof the pea, it mast be given plentifully.
ing
but he is not blameless for attachto him but of good quality,
plant grown in an artificialtemperature,theywill succeed the
his name
to it as if it were
a seedling. If I had bought a
better if the water can be appliedin a chilled state.
for that sum
tree at one guinea,I should hold him responsible
The transplanting
is another very important part in the cultivation
discovered.
when its true name
was
of Peas under
tended
atglass. This should be particularly
Pears broughton
It is curious to observe the change in some
to,as it preventsthem from running too much to straw,
by the soft mild climate of the west of England. Some sorts
the tops of
and if in the ease of the plants blossomingfreely,
are much
improved both in size and flavour,and others are to
the shoots are pinched off,
their tendencyto grow to straw will
the contrary; so that my axiom is good" T17
a certain extent
be reduced, and additional sustenance
will be added towards
vation."
and try again before any kind is fixed upon for extensive cultithe formation of pods. Syringingoverhead once
a-day while
T. E.
assists
be
but
it
discontinued
should
they are growing
them,
after the fruit is set,and a moist atmosphere supplied
instead.
DAFFODIL.
AUTUMN-BLOOMING
It matters
little what structure the Peas are grown in,so long
of August 31st (page164)is an interesting
In your number
as the above
conditions are attended to. I have grown them
to
Will you allow me
in
article on autumn-flowering Crocuses.
and
the borders of a Peach

temperature of
during the time

"

pigeon-holedpits,
on
house, by
placing abont 8 inches depth of soil on the border,not in the
border,and planting them in it. They may also be grown in
pots,and transferred from one house to another as occasion may
require. Orchard houses are very suitable placesin which to
bring forward a crop of Peas, and I have found them do better
there than in any other structure I have tried. In these there
is more
for their natural habits to become
room
developed; but
in whatever structure they are grown, if plantedout, they should
first be

sown

in pans

planted out about

which ought not to
as

much

an

or

boxes,and when abont 2 inches high

from plant to plant in the rows,

inch

be less than

earth with the roots

2 feet from
as

one

so
possible,

other.
as

Eemove

to cause

the

flower, which
call your attention to an old-fashioned autumn
at the present time be a most valuable addition
would, I believe,
the autumn-floweringDaffodil ?
to our flower gardens I mean
known
unasked for it at seed-shops,but it seems
I have repeatedly
of in which it is mentioned
; and the only work I know
date
Pleasaunt
1689,
"Garden
of
Flowers,"
is Parkinson's
"

Narcissus autnmnalis
major.
the flower twice : first,
some
years since in a
the owner
of which did not know the name
garden at Ipswich,
of the flower,and again about two years ago in an old garden
On
both occasions I procuredroots ; the
at Bexley Heath.
under the name
I have seen

firsttime I

bought,the

next I

beggedthem, but I

am

sorry to

JOUENAL

504

OF

HOKTIOULTOKE

say in botk

I lost them, I imagine from the same

cases
canse
The flower is a golden
moving the bulbs while in blossom.
softer than the springDaffodil,
about 6 inches
yellow,somewhat
in height,growing amongst long, narrow, green leaves,which
of
and
firmer
than
its
The
are
a deeper green
spring cousin.
root is bulbous, very like in appearance
the spring Daffodil.
It was
of 1869 that I procured the root from
earlyin December
BexleyHeath. I made a drawing of the flower and showed it
to a nurseryman
in this neighbourhood,but he was unacquainted
with it. I think if you could succeed in drawing attention to
it and reintroducingit again, all lovers of gardens would
be
Jabot.
grateful. Haekiett
do
the flower which you identifywith Parnot know
[We
iinsou's Narcissus
autumnalis
major, but his Narcissus au-

AND

COTTAGE

QARDENEB.

t December

which would probably

thus be exhibited,
would
instruction as well as amusement.
To many
a

serve

28, 1871.

to convey

servingin
small place, and with but few chances
a
of observation,the
"
"
show day
is the principalholidayof the year.
A sensible,
in this position,
earnest man
would be glad to avail himself of
the opportunity of acquiring a greaterknowledge of new
rieties
vaof plantsworthy of cultivation.
It is unnecessary
to enter upon the usual premiums for single
specimens or dishes,farther than to notice the prizefor single
specimens of pot plants as a very desirable one, likelyto develope taste and skill in the culture of such plantsby those not
and to bring togethera number
of
having space for collections,
fine plants which
would
otherwise be lost to the exhibition.
With the prizes for garden produce it would be well to offer a
few others for models or plans of garden structures,designsfor
tumnalis
minor is that known
serotinus.
This
as Narcissus
flower gardens plainand coloured,and any other object
blooms
in the autumn, as do two other species,
worthy
and
N.^elegans
of the attention and study of young men
in their leisure hours.
viridiflornm. Eds.]
All these things are, I think,such as rightlycome
within the
as
fulness,
they contribute to its usescope of a horticultural society,
MADRESFIELD
COURT
GRAPE.
and serve
to foster the intelligence
of the class for
In this,
whose benefit such societies are principally
Me. Feeeman's
formed.
remarks
this Grape (see page 437),are
on
it is better to do a few things well
as in all other undertakings,
very important, and from his character and experience are
than to attempt matters
beyond the strengthor funds of the
worthy of every respect. His plain matter-of-fact statement
for after all it is a mere
that " it will not keep more
than three weeks or a month, and
society,
questionof money.
It is,doubtless,
not so well as the Black Hamburgh," will no
doubt be read
rightto offer prizesfor cottagers'productions,
by many with feelingsof disappointment. There is no doubt yet unless there is abundance of funds to do tljiswell,it is best
I am
inclined to question
that this Grape is being planted extensivelyon account of its not to attempt it. In any case
reputed excellence of flavour and easy culture,but especially whether the cottagerdoes not gain most good when exhibiting
the pet productions of his garden at one
of the excellent
for its late-keeping
its late-keeping
properties. The sooner
to most villages.The
man's
cottagegarden societies now common
propertiesare placed beyond dispute the better. By Mr. Freeaim
and
end
of
the
should
be
it
is
a
promotion of
account
not a late-keeper
cottagers'society
account, for
; by another
and sobriety. In all these
which Messrs. Lane are responsible,
it is. In the latest pubfrugality,
lishedindustry,intelligence,
there is much
need for
to take the class generally,
list of the greatGrape-growers of Great Berkhampstead
qualities,
ness
of selfishthe followingin reference to Madresfield Court"
occurs
improvement. Anything tendingto correct the spirit
"As
a
is surelya legitimateobject for such a society. To see a
late Grape it is especially
valuable,it having been proved that
it will hang for months
after ripening without
shrivelling."gang of labourers of the genus navvy employed upon a job of
Proved
so
by whom ? Statements
opposite by recognised piecework is a sightto set onp thinking. They will frequently
authorities are most perplexing. The other day a grower decided work BO hard as to break down the weak men, and the unsteady
of the stronger show
but too plainly that they have
to plant a large house principally
with it on
of hands
account
its late-keepingproperties. To him
too severely. If this high-pressurespeed were
the question is of great tried Nature
for the good of the wives and children,or to add to home
fore,
importance and to many others. Farther information is,thereawaited." J. W.
comforts,one could not blame them ; but in by far too many
anxiously
instances its object is only to obtain a little extra money
to
not unfrequently
gratifythe greed for drink,and the pay-night
HORTICULTURAL
ends with an
COTTAGERS'
SOCIETIES.
and
empty exchequer. I have heard from reliable
of poor wretches
sources
having partlystrippedtheir already
Theee
few thingsmore
are
enjoyableto the lovers of gardening
than a good horticulturalexhibition
persons to sell the garments for drink,and
not a mere
flower too-scantily-clothed
these
often have children depending on them for all they
men
show, but a collection of flowers,fruits,and vegetablesin as
for everything. Let it not be thought that I am
quoting
of the respective want
high a state of excellence as the skillor means
an
extremely bad and solitary
case, and thus condemning an
exhibitors can effect.
entire class from the failingof a few.
I am
acquainted with
The organisation
of a society
ture
for the promotion of horticulwhose
lives must
be a curse
to themselves, and those
many
is by no means
who read and
an
easy matter, as many
depending on their exertions for subsistence.
Surely it is
contribute to the Journal very well know.
has
Many a society
been formed, held a brilliant exhibition or two, and collapsed. worth while encouraging the praiseworthylives of those honest
whom
has
been
said
of
it
that
most
sturdymen,
justly
theyare
This downfall was
owing, perhaps,to the want of energy on
time not forgetof the nation,at the same
ting
the part of the committee, but more
probably to a lack of the pith and marrow
lives are so faultyand full of error, but to
those whose
instances to the effects of the two evils
funds, and in some
likelyto draw them on to better things.
How
littledoes it occur
combined.
to the publicas theyenjoy hold out inducements
the
The prizes for cottage-gardenproduce should embrace
of an exhibition-day,
the gay scene
the labour
to reflect upon
useful kinds of vegetablesand fruit suited for limited
most
implied in its details. Nor is this altogetherto be wondered
succession
and
a
for
as
maintaining as good
possible
at, for who that sees a certain worthy secretaryin all the glory spaces,
throughout the year. By giving a select list of such things,
of his proudpositionand white waistcoat,
complacentlysurveying
the
well-established
care
name
to
sorts,
prize
taking
only
very
the results of his toil,
could possiblypicturehim
groaning
It is also,doubtless,
list would be made to convey instruction.
under the weight of office,
or
lamenting that he had ever been
as
sort of champion prizefor
a good thing to offer premiums
induced to undertake its duties 1
and culture being the test points.
For a horticultural society
to be reallysuccessful three things the best garden, neatness
also
There are
home-made
garments,wine, bread, miscellaneons
and able
are
a good working committee,an
energetic
necessary
and, in fact,anything
secretary,and, above all,a liberal paid-up subscriptionlist. articles of furniture made by the cottager,
tending to increase the home
comforts,or to develops
The
societywill then have plentyof "go" in it,and with a
should
and
and
too,
intelligence
Poultry
pig-keeping,
sobriety.
there
w
hich
schedule
need
be
fear
of
no
popular prize
failure,
be encouraged. Many of the labourers working in the garden
may happen sometimes, indeed,from other causes, but I think
considerable sums
of
here keep poultry,and their wives make
of these conditions.
generallyfrom the absence of some
by the sale of the chickens for which Sussex is bo
In arrangingthe prizeUst it is well to offer the leadingprizes money
famous.
Luokhubst.
Edward
for collections of vegetables,
fruits,and flowers,such prizes
being best adapted for bringing togetherthose plants in the
Palace.
which
Cheistmas
Crystal
The preparationsfor
the
of
It
at
production
a gardener'sskill is stronglytested.
and the new
Christmas
may be thought that this is sufficiently
regarded in the usual
year at the Crystal Palace are more
premiums for a few largespecimens, but I would also offer than usually good. Among a multitude of other seasonable
other prizes for collectionsof small healthyplants developed attractions a Christmas
Tree, 80 feet high, is raised in the
northern
and has been
enough to convey a clear idea of their true character,and thus
beautifullydecorated by Mr.
nave,
the
culture
the
of those plants most in requestfor decorative
encourage
Wilson,
Company's naturalist;round the base, which is
of varieties formed of roots of trees,Uve birds and animals are arranged,
purposes.
Moreover,the large number
"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

man

506

JOUBNAL

OP

AND

HOBTICULTUBE

COTTAGE

GABDENER.

[ December

28, 1871.

The best compost to grow them in is one of two partstnrfy which it reposes that the unobservant pass it by. Pronuba
has also a partiality
for places of public assembly, drawn
with a
oam, one of leaf monid, and ose of decomposed mannre
hither by the fascination of the lights,or, perhaps (shall
liberal proportionof silver sand, as the Fachsia delightsin an
we
from some
I
likingfor the societyof the human
kind.
open porons compost. Baring the whole periodof their growth say?),
these
the plants should be kept near
the glass,and syringed daily have seen
one
of
occasion quite a commotion
in a church
its
wild
to prevent red spider from appearing on
the leaves.
from
all
the
to
while
by
gyrations
Any
pew
pew,
carefully
have befallen other
sadden check snch as an arid atmosphere,drynessat the roots, avoidinga catastrophewhich would soon
attack of red spider will cause
the leaves to fall ofi in
moths of feebler frame and less rapid wing viz.,destruction
or an
the plants.
by the flames of the gas-jets.Like other moths of the genus,
greatnumbers and sadlydisfigure
which
is a matter of taste,
Then as to training,
some
prefer too, Tryphjena pronuba has strong legs,and will sometimes
which renders its chase rather difficult,
the pyramid, others the bush form ; both systems if the plants run with greatrapidity,
well managed will obtain admirers.
for you have marked
The
its settling,
are
as
pyramid form
you think in one particular
does not require so much
work as the other ; a stout stick spot,and you keep your eye on that spot,yet shortly
after yon
should be placed to the leadingshoot,and a system of timely see the moth taking an aerial excursion from quitea different
pinching is all that is required. Some of the varieties are
of a short-jointed,
naturally
compact, sturdygrowth, others are
of a more
attention as
stragglinghabit,and will require more
to stopping. Where
this loose-growinghabit is apparent, the
leadingshoot must be stopped three or four times,which will
cause
the plantsto break more
the plant is
regularly. Where
of a bushy habit,the leading
shoot will not requireto be stopped
until it has grown to the required height. The side shoots
be repeatedlystopped until the plant is of the desired
must
size,when it may be allowed to flower.
Plants to be grown in the bush form should have the leading
shoot stopped when
the plant is 6 inches.
A high number
of
lateral shoots will form, which should be stopped at the third
Tryphaenapronnba.
oint. The shoots willrequiretwo more
stoppings,and they point. This moth comes
to sugar, when
spread upon trees as
should receive their final one about six or seven
weeks
before
of its brethren, and it
a bait,though not so eagerlyas do some
the plantsare required
this system a
to be in flower. Under
attracted thither
often haunts grassy meadows, beiug,probably,
of sticks are required for each plant : a welllarge number
by the scent of certain flowers,or it may have been nurtured
brown specimen will take a hundred, as one is requiredfor each
to maturity on some
bank
in
the vicinity.
weedy
shoot. The sticksshould be slender,
The
fore wings of this handsome, though common,
moth
paintedgreen, and hidden
by the foliageas much as possible.
(whichis usuallyon the wing during July and August),
very
If the plantsare intended for exhibition theymust be large, much
vary in colour and markings, the generalhue being some
for
decorative
but
shade of brown ; in almost all specimens what are
called the
general
purposes plantsgrown in 7 and 9-inch
pots are the most useful. Fuchsias are grown and flowered in discordal spots are clearlydefined ; there are also several transverse
all sorts of houses, and sometimes
in very unfavourable
cumstances
cirlines of differing
hind
in
The
colour.
wings,
intensity
of
an
; but a lightairyspan-roofedhouse running north
however, show scarcely
orange-yellow
variation,
b
eing
any
and south is the best both to grow and flower them in. A very
black border.
colour, with a narrow
thin shading should be used to break the force of the sun's
With the caterpillar
producing this moth some
persons make
The plantsalso delightin a rather moist
rays in hot weather.
that is to say, they eat
acquaintancein rather a singularway
when
in
flower
:
should
be
even
it
for
boiled with
atmosphere
a dry atmosphere
owing to its mode of life it is occasionally
;
if combined
with draughts,as this will cause
avoided,especially
some
Cabbage, in the heart of which it had been feeding,and
"
"
the yet unexpanded flower drops to fall off.
being brought to table it is mashed
greens
up and eaten as
The varieties of this plant are so well known
that to give without being remarked.
This caterpillar,
ternal
however, is an exlistsof them would only occupy a valuable space. Good-habited
feeder also at times, taking as its right not only the
sorts should be grown, and the single-corollaed
Brassicaceous
free-flowering
plants in the kitchen garden,but many others
sorts are to be preferredto the double,some
of which are only with succulent leaves.
It does not seem
to discontinue feeding
monstrosities.
J. DouoLis.
so many
the
during
winter,and is not uncommonly disinterred by the
gardener at this season.
For, as Mr. Newman
observes," it
conceals itselfalmost entirely
face
during the day beneath the surDRAUGHT
OF
FLUE
TOO
POWERFUL.
of the ground, emerging at night ;" and he also adds concerning
Having
been placed in a similar position to your correit,"I have frequentlyfound it hidden at the roots of
spondent,
"
ViEiDis,"with the fire of my little greenhouse, Lettuces,and it is brought to lightwhen they are pulledup for
the table ; when thus exposed it rolls tself into a very compact
till my patience had given up to despair,I consulted your
and I have ever since had reason
to be thankful for
ring."
experience,
"
"
do but follow your instructions and
A decided family likeness is observable amongst the caterpillars
your advice. If Vikidis
attention to the ashpit-dooras he seems
to have
belongingto that section of the NoctusB in which T. propay the same
nuba
done to the damper, I am
is included.
There are numerous
lines and stripesof
quitecertain he will not require the
the
latter at all.
dark brown, some
services of
of which are occasionally
wanting, but when
thoughpresentthey are arranged according to a regularpattern; the
Being only an amateur I required much
guiding,and alI could build my
is
shade
of green, at other
and
the
colour
often
flue
construct
an
ground
greenhouse
unpleasant
and fire-box,
I was
able.
distinguishbrought to a standstill. When
my fire is times a brown, which renders the markings scarcely
The body of the caterpillar
is stout and velvetyboth to
sheet of
a
bnrut-np I place,in the absence of an ashpit-door,
iron with two slits near
the eye and the touch.
the bottom
Comparing the head with the body, it
I4 inch long,and half an
inch wide,by which I can regulatethe combustion
reddish brown.
small in proportion
to a nicety. seems
; it is shining and
It will burn from eightat night till ten the next morning. It
The eggs of this specieshatch towards the end of the summer,
burns tan and cinders from the bouse.
and the caterpillars
do not attain their full proportionsuntil
One thing I consider
the followingspring or the earlysummer.
I keep all dust and small ashes from
under
They form a cell
very essential
the furnace
I know
directed by Mr. Eeane
time
to undergo pupation beneath the surface of the earth.
as
back.
some
T. Sedoley.
no
way of dealingwith this speciesexcept by the destruction
of the moth, pupa, or caterpillar
whenever
either is seen.
A closely-allied
Yellow
species,the' Lesser Broad-bordered
SOME
PREDATORY
INSECTS
OP
OUK
rather
leads
which
us to take refuge
a
long
TJnderwing
name,
No. 24.
OxARDENS."
gladlyin the much briefer Latin, Tryphienaianthina. This,
Thbke
which
are
enter houses
of
chief
does occasionally
a littlemismany
species of moths
though not particularly
common,
their own
and none
more
free-will,
in the flower garden. It is stated to be partialto the
perhaps, than
frequently,
the Large YellowUnderwing(Tryphsena
This
species Polyanthus,sometimes feedingon the roots beneath,sometimes
pronuba).
is also now
and then to be seen
ing
of the plant,and at other times devourrestingduring the day on
eatinginto the crown
or the sides of windows, where
itdraws itself up closely,
palings
the leaves. It will also attack a varietyof other plants,
and so frequently
harmonises in colour with the object on
but keeps itself carefullyout of view in the daytime. This
"

"

"

"

"

"

December

28,1871.]

JOUBNAIi

OF

HOBTXOULTUEB

AND

COTTAGE

GAEDENER.

507

ia oolonr like that of T. pronnba, resembling

state until the spring,a few become
mature
in October and
with some
it in appearance, but marked
oonspicuonsblaok appear as moths, but do not live long,nor do they attempt to
regards this as a case
spots. The moth is exoeedingly beautiful,and the inseot- continue their species. Mr. Newman
of the choicer ornaments
of his
it as one
somewhat
Lnnter
looks upon
analogous to the autumnal
productionof drones in
feeds from autumn
bee hives ; in both cases
ooUeotion ; it fliesin July. The caterpillar
there is an
apparent waste in Nature,
to spring. I have taken this speciesin Surrey; more
frequently, but had we a deeper insightwe should probably be able to explain
the
lanes
in
about
and
in
Greenhithe,
several
other
this
iiowever,
Kent, especially
instances,wherein we in our
wisdom
should be tempted to fancy we could improveupon the
where the moth flies out brisklyfrom the hedges when aroused
of the entomologist. Yet it is not easily economy
of a species.
l)ythe beating-stick
The Turnip Moth
to the crops in
was
particularly
secured,for it can rarelybe netted on the instant,and darting
injurious
distance along the road,it generallyenters the hedge on
shown by entomologiststhat
some
1863-64, at which time it was
marked
the
You
the same
side again.
approach,having
spot, farmers and others have by their injudiciousdestruction ol
the net may be easilyclapped birds preying upon the Turnip caterpillar
and various " grubs"
as
you suppose, thinking that
is,that after of similar habit,been the chief cause
of
of the multiplication
over
it,but you fail to find it,and the reason
is brown
caterpillar

these insect enemies.

The rook and the partridgestand forealong amongst the leaves,which
most
out of his calculation. In the district to
in the list of the devourers
of the Turnip grub. The
the country rooks,doubtless,
obtain most, because they strike at the caterwhich I am
referringgardens are not numerous,
pillar
in its retreat and drag it to the surface ; the partridges
being well wooded, and I have no doubt that the caterpillars
and
other
lowhunt
a
nd
feed
Nettles,
smaller
Chickweed, perhaps
numbers.
there
by scratching,
pick up
pedients
Many exupon
have been tried by gardeners to keep the species
growing plants.
Judgingfrom the abundance of Turnips in the market at under, such as digging between the plants,which, it will be
is,in fact,doing an injuryto remedy another ;
found, usually
present, I should surmise that on the whole they have not
others have tried the applicationof different solids and fluids,
suffered much
from the attacks of insect enemies, though in
the
of
beetle.
Turnip flyor
such as lime, soot, sawdust,ashes,and the refuse liquorfrom
eome
quartersthey have complained
larvje,however, which in some
There are two lepidopterous
certain
observes, " ungasworks ; these are mostly, as Mr. Newman
and unsatisfactory."
make
sad ravages amongst our Turnip crops, and, inseasons
However, this and the equally
of
do
certain
amount
From
a
damage.
troublesome
of
which
I
have
been
in
next
to
'deed,every season
am
species
speak
they
its great partiality
for
some
cases
by watering the plants
destroyedvery successfully

enteringthe hedgerow it moves

throws the observer

Turnips, one of these

{Agrotis
Segetnm) bears
the

name

Moth.

of the

Turnip

Besides the Turnip,

however, the

pillar
cater-

attacks a number
of other plants in the
kitchen garden, as, for

instance, the
Kadish,
the Carrot, and
bages
Cabof various sorts.
Now
and then a party
of the moths
will visit
the flower beds,and depositing
Agrotis Segetnm.
eggs there,the
natural result is that an active colony of caterpillars
is at work
there shortlyafter,both above and below
the ground. Mr.
Newman
draws a dismal picture of the mischief they will do
in a bed of that attractive flower
the China Aster,
fie says,
"
Often the leaves of a plant here and there will be found
that it is
witheringand curling up, and yon become aware
dying,and can't tell why; just examine the stem where it
"nters the ground, and yon will find it completely
decorticated ;
the rind has been gnawned off all round, and the circulation
of the sap being prevented,life is destroyed. You pull up the
Aster to find the enemy, but fail ; his depredationsare committed
in the night,and before daybreak he has wandered far
food the young caterpillars
away." Whatever
select,
theyappear
to preferto feed above the surface at first,
going deeper as they
hence
it
ia
that
have
larger:
some
get
gardeners
gone forth
with lanterns,not like Diogenesto find an honest man, but to
detect dishonest depredatorsof the caterpillar
sort,and many
fellows of the speciesSegetum have paiddearlyfor their
young
The
midnight excursion.
process of searching,is, however,
the gartedious,and after a day's hard work in the summer
dener
cannot be expected to take much
interest in a hunt of
this sort,which must
be carried out in an uncomfortable
ing
stoop"

with stronglime water.

The Heart-and-Dart
Moth has been so named
because it
bears upon the fore wings markings supposed to resemble the
in
but
it
be
thus
objects
question;
designated
really might
from the rapiditywith which a caterpillar
of the specieswill
"dart"
to the "heart"
of a tempting Turnip, Parsnip, or
exclaCarrot. Why the older entomologistscalled it Agrotis
mationis is not positively
known, unless,indeed,it was because
it has forced many
the
of disgust from
a bitter exclamation
horticulturist or agriculturist,
for the species is a plague at
times in the fields as well as in gardens. Just about this time
of the Heart-and-Dart may
also,on a mild night,caterpillars
be detected banqueting on the leaves or heads of any greens
which the autumnal
frosts have as yet spared. The young
also feed externallyon
various vegetablesin the
caterpillars
and
weeds
in waste places: they emerge
from the
on
garden
in
June.
egg
Like A. Segetum, the species remains
in the larval state
until the spring. The
adult caterpillar
forms
of
a cocoon
earth several inches beneath the surface, and is frequentlydislodged
find in some
as
by the spade or hoe. Probably,
we
other species,the disturbance does little harm
to the pupa,
unless,indeed,it should be actuallywounded, and left in so
exposed a positionas to be an easy prey to birds,for there are
which will devour a pupa
quiteas eagerlyas they would
many
Another
rather singularfoe to the caterpillar
of
a caterpillar.
beetle (Staphylinus
Agrotisexclamationis is the common
rove
Mr.
Moncriefi observed one
evening a party of these
olens).
beetles journeyingtowards their retreats,and each was
ging
dragalong a caterpillar,
which, on examination,was found to
belong to this species. They had all been disabled,but not
killed. Afterwards
this gentleman found a quantityof larva
skins lyingnear
the holes of the beetles." J. E. S. C.

MRS.

PINCE

Aftek

BLACK

MUSCAT

GEAPE.

reading the descriptionof the above Grape in the

"
Gardeners' Year Book " for 1866, I at once ordered it direct
position.
from the Messrs. Pince, of Exeter.
In 1868 a vinery was
We find that the caterpillars
feed on throughout the winter
of Jaoe I
and in the month
with scarcelyany intermission,
and from August onwards
they erected here on Beard's principle,
In 1869
them
Mrs. Pince.
of
ten
plantedtwenty
Vines,
being
are
diligently
engaged in feeding underground on the Turnip
I had only a few bunches, and last year also it did not set well.
bnlb, several being found very often burrowing into the same
I had five bunches
small berries,
each Tine, a good many
on
with which
of these caterpillars
Turnip. The rapidity
one
but the most of them shrivelledby the lat of November.
This
its way
into the earth is very remarkable.
will make
The
ground colour is a dull brown usually,there are some indistinct year I have ten bunches on each Vine, and not a small berry
the
hundred
the
the
old
in
I
have
of
bunches.
most
and a series of well-definedcircular spots en all the
stripes,
grown
Grapes as well as the new which have been sent out during
The second segment is notable for
segments after the second.
having on its back a dark plate,which, doubtless,assists the these last twenty years, and I have no hesitation in saying
is the best late black Grape
in its mining operations. A minute examination, that Mrs. Pince,in my estimation,
caterpillar
in cultivation.
I herewith send for your
inspectiona fair
tinction
however, of this caterpillar
hardly affords any very marked dislikewise
a
bunch of Alicante grown
in the
bunch,
average
by which we can separate it from its congener, A. exhouse.
A
same
Latimers.
Donaldson,
It has been
clamationis,also injurious to Turnip crops.
noticed as a curious fact in the history
of this species,that
[The bunches of Grapes as sent by Mr. Donaldson indicate
while the greaterpart of the brood continue in the caterpillarnotjonly
that he knows
how
to grow, but how to pack them.
"

JOURNAL

508

OP

AND

HORTIGDLTUBB

who cannot do either a3 they ought to be

these are they who haatilyset themselves
np
and things,solelyon
their own
of other men
perience
exas censors
It will be in the recollection of many
that
of them.
Mrs. Pinoe was
of the new
one
Grapes of the time, which
those wiseacres so well abused, on
the ground, we take it,that
others tailed to grow it as Mr. Pinoe did, and as
they and some
Mr. Donaldson
The
bunch
does now.
before us
measures
14 inches long, 9 inches across
the shoulder, and
weighs
The
be desired.
3 IbB. 2 ozs., while the flavour is all that can
bunch of Black Alicante weighed 4 lbs. 14 ozs., and both colour
and flavour were
of the other bestunexceptionable. Some
abused
Champion, Boyal Ascot, and
grapes, such as Muscat
Golden
Champion, we have no doubt will, in the hands of
such cultivators as Mr. Donaldson, ere long force their detractors
the ill-timed and hasty conelusiona
to abandon
they formed
and attempted to impress upon others.]
There

are

done, and

many

men

among

COTTAGE

ROSES.

28, 1871.

With regard to the difference between

"se tenant lien" and
"belle tenue," there is reallynone,
pression.
except in the form of exthe former more
If possible,
means
stiff,
decisively
might often hear applied to the Cent
erect,and is what one
"Comment
I
Gardes of the Second Empire
Us se tient lien."
think Mr. Kent hardly estimates arightthe force of fixed names
It he and I never
and the difficulty
have
of changing them.
until we see Remontanta
a headache
takingthe placeof Hybrid
Perpetnalswe shall do well. An attempt was made to change
the absurdlyarbitrary
terms of show and fancy Dahlias, but it
doubt the
no
never
got beyond an attempt. Shanghais was
fowl ; it was
to apply to the Brahma
tried,but
proper name
the absurdly wrong one
remains, and the Brahma, which has
Pootra river than with the
no
to do with the Brahma
more
with the Hybrid Perpetual;
And
so
Orinoco,holds its own.
Kent
and
the term will outlive Mr.
myself too. D., Deal.
"

"

HEATING
GLADIOLUS

[ December

GAEDENEK.

BY

IRON

STOVES.

lean-to greenhouse facing the south,about 17 feet

In answer
to your Somerset
correspondentreferringto the by 11 feet,and at present it is heated by an iron stove, about
8 inches square in the narrowest
part, attached to a 5-inoh
failure of his Gladiolus (page 485). If the signatureappended
is placed at the end opposite the door.
metal pipe, which
of his soil,
then
to his paper is at all descriptive
of the nature
Within
the flue runs
tor about 4 feet straight
the structure
it is an unsuitable
I very much
for the Gladiolus.
fear
one
along the end of the building,and then turns at right angles
if his roots did not throw-up any good spikeslast season, there
in
with
rise
of
about
18
inches
12
a
feet, and with another
will be no improvement in the ensuing one.
His ground might
elbow through the roof,which it tops by at least 4 feet. This
be improved by using stable manure
and road scrapingswhich
the wind
for when
been
satisfactory,
arrangement has never
have been exposed to the direct influence of frost daring winter.
to the north
of west or east the stove used to smoke, no
was
I would also suggestspreading 6 inches of gravelover
the surface,
I have since attached to the
and stir up the ground to the depth of 2 feet. The soil matter how strong the wind was.
and find
end of the flue one
of the patent screw
ventilators,
here is very light and stony, restingon
and
a gravelsubsoil,
it
does
its work well,but when
that
when
there
wind
is any
iB of a similar nature to that of the Messrs. Stuart " Mien, of
the case
sound and healthy when bought- there is a calm or very littlewind, which is generally
Xelso,N.B. If the roots were
to heat the flue before
frosts here, it is necessary
in last year, there would be no
reason
to blame the English with severe
the draught sets in. This makes a greatsmoke, from which I
house that supplied them."
J. Douglas.
am
sorry to say the plants suffer. I enclose a rough plan of
the arrangement of the flue as it now
is.
In reference to the query put by " Stiff Soil " as to his
I
am
thinking if the stove were sunk in the ground, and a
as
bulb, he is,unfortunately,
queristsare, not suSneiently
many
with an elbow jointso
it
entered
under
the
end
of
wall,
portion
and no
explicit,
lawyer will givehis opinion unless he knows
to make
the stove face the east side instead of the south,
as
the whole case.
He
bulbs
says tlat he obtained a hundred
I might so stop
and to be ted from the outside instead of inside,
from one
of our
and that ha had not
greatest English growers,
the smoking. Or it I were to place the stove as last mentioned,
decent spike. Very liktly; but will he say in what
dition
conone
with
elbow
an
at the end,
and run
the flue under the centre walk,
he received the bulbs ? Were
these clear and brightin
afraid would necessitate
and another at the back wall. This I am
the flesh,or had they darkish spots over
them ? If he can
cuttingthe metal pipes. At present the flue is set on brackets
then he ought to claim soma
compensation.
certifyto the latter,
which ia a boundary wall. As I have
And then in what condition are the bulbs now
Have
?
they fixed to the back wall,
only a limited interest in the place,I do not wish to go to much
this spot on them or not ? If they have, they are not worth a
J. W. B.
if
have
there is still
for them.
if expense.
dump

they

FAILURES"

hope

not,

Now,

HAVE

"

Soil
fair average sample of
will send me
a bulb, a
[There can be no doubt that a greenhouse 17 feet by 11 can
be heated by an iron stove ; but we do not think you will escape
his lot,I will with pleasuregivehim my diagnosisof it,and
return the patient.
being smoked, or be thoroughly successful by your presentor
I once
used to think it was some
use
tryingto save diseased proposed plans. During the last two winters we kept a lofty
to
it
is
useless
and
do
bulbs, but am
now
fullypersuaded
try
place double the size of yours, temperate, by having a round
When
end.
It was
about 13 inches in diameter,
so.
going with Mons. Souchet (whom all lovers of this stove inside at one
beautiful flower will be trulysorry to hear is now
7 inches30 inches in height, lined with fire-brick about
ires
"toiijojirs
through his grounds,I have seen him when coming to through, and the fire was placed inside. We have no faith in
matade"),
box
a plant in full bloom, which
makeshifts,unless the firedisplayedthat rustiness of foliage iron stoves for plants,but as mere
tween
too surely indicative of disease,
stands in the middle,leavingli to 2 inches all round bepluck it up at once and oast it
the
This
the
unless
will
show
the
the
the
outside
of
or
of
most
fire-box
and
the
atove,
opinion
experienced
away.
fire-box is lined with fire-brick. In either case the sides of the
ing
grower of the flower that we have as to a disoaped bulb recoveritself. But after all, Stiff Soil's
get anything like red hot,as
may not be diseased, stove oppositethe fire will never
the
and if only puny and weak, there may
influence on
he hope for them
heated exerts a deteriorating
so
yet. iron when
"
The dealer laid it to the soil." Perhaps ; but very likely atmosphere of the house, and this would be apt to injureplants
wonderfal
have
some
manure
might
put it right. If,however, in severe weather.
"
that
Stiff Soil
If you had been an older subscriber you might have seen
reallyindicates the nature of the ground he
has to deal with, it ia not a favourable one
for the Gladiolus, the chief error
in your present plan is not ao much
having the
"

Stiff

"

"

"

"

and he had much

better tryto lightenit, for few bulbs like a
stifisoil,and the Gladiolus,I think, particularly
dislikes it.
I should imagine well-decompotedleaf mould
would tend to do
this ; and in a stiffsoil I should be inclined to mix thoroughly
well-rotted manure
with the leaf mould, dig it in, and then
when plantingthe bulbs,remove
the soil from each spot where
the bulb is to go, and put in sand and leaf mould, so as not to
allow the bulbs to come
in contact with the manure.
The one
great drawback to the growth of this lovelyflower is the tendency
to disease,for which, unhappily, there seems
to be no

remedy

or

preventive.

As to Hoses.
for excluding Princess Christian is
My reason
that there is not enough of it ; and so of the very beautiful
Teas he mentions.
Lovely in the bud, woe to him who trusts
to them in a show stand.
They are seen to open and show the
bad
as
as
eye
showing the white feather.
"

end of the house, but in taking the flue straight

stove at one
bend
then by a right-angle
from it for about 4 feet on the level,
along the back wall with a rise of 18 inches in 12 feet,and
The
4
above
it.
error
the
roof
and
feet
thence out through
If yon only had a level of
consists in the 4-teet horizontal.
as
24 inches,and then rose
at once
12 to 18 or even
nearly
if yon wore
perpendicularlyas possible,we should wonder
need not enter into the
much
troubled with smoking. We
and over again,that no
causes, the fact we have proved over
will work well unless
stove
iron stove in a house, nor
any mere
the horizontal pipe that issues from it ia short instead of long.
The quantityof piping,too, ia based on a misconceptionof the
theory of heating by such stoves, as if the pipes and not the
it is best to make
of heating. Now
stove were
to be the means
the latter the chief heating medium, and it would do all you
if
require in such a small honae
yon merely had 18 inches ox

December

JOURNAL

28,1871. ]

OF

HOETICULTUBE

AND

COTTAGE

GABDENEB.

509

from New Holland ; and some

24 of level piping,and raised the piping from that elbotv right Lucanidoa,
synonymicalnotes on various
of Lepidopteraby Mr. Kirby,in which it was
endeavoured to
through the roof of the house. When once the stove was heated species
be proved that Colias Hyale ought to retain the specific
o"
name
it would
keep the heat a long time, if the feeding-doorwere
P.
croceus
of
Fourcroy.
inch long and from one-eighth
a slitan
shut, and there were
to a quarterof an inch wide in the ash-pitdoor,to support a
Blow combustion.
With this we would be perfectlysatisfied,
NEW
BOOK.
and all the more
so if the stove were
placed in the centre of Elements of Agricultural
Clumistryand Geology. By James
utilise
the house.
if
to
piping
against
wished
your
Truly, you
F.W. Johnston, M. A., P. R.S.,"e.
Revised
Ninth Edition.
the back wall,you could do so, but you must give up the 4-feet
and Edited
W. Blackwood
by G. T. Atkinson, B.A., "e.
of a horiaontal pipe, and be content with 12 or 18 inches.
and Sons, Edinburgh and London.
Then you may raise on an incline againstthe back wall if you
No
manufacture
but is promoted by an
bined
appropriatecomlike,and the steeperthe incline the better the draught. Your
knowledge of practiceand science in the manufacturer.
stove might even
stand against the back wall,and then give
of certain crops and live stock,
Agricultureia a manufacture
enough of heat.
and no manufacturer
has ever been more
benefited by "practice
Your
second plan of moving the stove from the end of the
with
than
has
the agriculturist.
The
science
science,"
house partlyinto the wall,and a littlesunk in the ground so as
most
useful
to
him
is
a
of
and
knowledge
geology.
chemistry
to be fed from the outside,would
better, since the
answer
To that kuowledga the book before us is one of the best of aids.
ever,
return smoke
would be kept out of the house.
Unless,howWe remember
one
old
whose
mental power may
be
gentleman,
horizontal
the stove was
the
sunk a greatdeal,
pipe
long
his always beginning harvest on
the 25 th of July,
irom
it would
be objectionable
far as free draught was concerned. judged by
so
"
because his father did."
The same
bigotin the things-thatIf your firstelbow pipe from the stove was only a foot
the cause
not believe that underdraining was
of
were, would
long,and the uprightpipe rose from it at once, this plan would
joining
more
and
corn
being
productive
ripeningearlier than on adanswer
admirably,as you would be saved from all smoke and
land
uudrained.
Leave
the
in
the
he
water
land,"
ashes in the house.
The latter is always troublesome, unless
and keeps out the rain in
argued, " it's wanted in summer
they are damped before clearingout the fire-place.
winter."
If it had not been for chemistry those reasons
of the
Your
proposed plan, No. 3, is to have the stove sunk, fed
olden time would have prevailed.
Irom
the outside,and your present 5-inch iron pipes taken
A mere
who passes our
practicalfarmer is like a blind man
the
from
it beneath
the level of the floor across
horizontally
office. When
unled
he goes fumbling and
shnfilingalong,
farther end, and thence up as a chimney againstthe back wall.
and
side
that
he
has been acon
customed
the
always
slowly,
same
tried. We fear that you would be
Such a plan we
have never
obstacle
to
and cannot
surmount
any unusual
smoked
should have no faith in
We
out of your stokehole.
that's practice
he is led by his wife he steps out
; but when
its answering at all unless the smoke-orifice of your stove was
makes
short cuts, and goes ways he never
knew of
the level of the bottom of the pipe confidently,
"some 24 to 30 inches below
before
that is how science guides practice. The book which
with
that went beneath
connected
the floor,and these were
this
this
that
has
led
notice
needs
than
to
better evidence
no
should be
two short elbows and an upright. Even
then we
is the ninth edition of it. It is a thoroughly good book, and
it they could not
doubtful as to iron pipes,and more
especially
o" cropuseful knowledge upon
imparts sound
every practice
be easily cleaned at the junctipns. A small flue beneath the
culture and stock-feeding.
with the furnace-bars 2 feet below the level of the bottom
"

"

"

"

floor,

well. Meanwhile, as you do not wish

shorten to one-third the length of your
present horizontal pipe,and rise uprightat once, then you may
continue againstthe back wall if you like, The short horizontal
piping is the secret in all stoves when the piping goes from the
top. There is little trouble as to draught,but the draught is
of the flae,
would answer
to incur much
expense,

BOWOOD."
The

Seat

of

the

No.

MAEauis

of

1.
Lansdowne.

miles
two miles from the littletown of Calne,ninety-eight
and about twelve miles from Bath by road,
from London
by rail,
not so easilyand thoroughlyregulatedfrom the ash-pitdoor as
is Bowood, the gardensof which stand in the foremost rank.
When
the frost crispsthe grass, when
the mists of the winter
when the outlet is on the side.]
the flower garwhen
morning render distant views impossible,
den
is tenantless,
when there is nothing hut the green turf and
ENTOMOLOGICAL
MEETING.
and the evergreens less cheerful-looking
than
SOCIETY'S
the leafless trees,
and summer
that surelyis not the time to see
a
The
December
meetingof this Societywaa held on the 4tli inst.,in spring
if a
time
but
It
is
the
best
not
to
see
a
its
the
A. K.
in the chair.
the donations
garden.
gardenat
;
About

"

President,

Wallace, Esq.,

Among

it be when
fairer must
cations garden is fair to the eye then,how much
Society's
Hbraryreceived since the last meeting,were the publiwhen
of the EntomologicalSocieties of France, Switzerland,and
Nature
the many-hued flowers
puts on her gayest attire,
devoted to the subject.Mr. S. Steveug
and various periodicals
Italy,
givecolour to the landscape,when the Thorn and the Appletree
dark variety of
exhibited,on behalf of Mr. Shearwood, a remarkable
when
in blossom,or, later still,
the dazzling scarlet of the
are
talien Geranium
Argynnis aglaia (closely
resembling that figuredby Curtis),
of green sward.
is relieved by many
broad acre
a
curious varieties and
near
Teignmouth. Mr. F. Bond exhibited some
We
have seen
Bowood
in its summer
and we saw
it,too,
pride,
malformations in specimens in Pieris Kapce,Cheimatobia brumela,
in
so
but a few days ago in its winter garb,and as in summer
and other Moths.
Mr, lanson exhibited a collection
of insects,
chiefly
other
admired
still.
into
it
But
before
we
winter,
entering
from the diamond fieldsof South Africa ; the specieswere
Coleoptera,
details let us givea short sketch of its history
far as certainly
so
Mr. Higginsexhibited speci-ofthe ordinary
Southern African forms.
mens
of its history
which is dim in the far
fine Australian species,
of Scarites Schrceteri,
and also of known, for there is much
a
to the

very

Tetraoha

of the Cicindelidae,
from the

crucigera,
McLeay, one
of Sydney.

past.
bourhood
neigh-

In Anglo-Saxontimes Caxme,now
Calne,and its adjacent
spelt
of
'This forest was
all royal demesne.
specimens forest of Pewisham, were
Thersander
of Fabricius),no mean
a speciesof Butterfly
illustrating
{Papilio
extent,for it covered the entire surface between Calne,
that
the
nf
proving
by Donovan to have
figures that species
(afiarmed
Chippenham, Layoock,and Devizes. When James I. ascended
been copiedfrom the famous collection of drawingsmade
by Mr.
the throne he disafforestedthe whole, and grantedone-half to
made
Jones, of Chelsea,so often referred to by Fabricius),
were
up by
the Devonshire
Careys,and the other half, which included
Donovan
from
a mutilated
gnawed by mice, of
drawing,apparently
tectorate
Bowood, to the ancestors of Baron Audley. During the ProJones's insect from Africa, completed from the Indian Charaxes
it
resumed
was
as
pubUc property,but Charles 11. reFabius ! A discussion ensued concerningthe rightof named
figures
of insects by the older authors to be regarded
in questions
granted it to Sir Orlando Bridgman,the licentious son of the
of priority.
Burned
gance,
names.
Lord Keeper, who bore the same
Here, however, the questionwas hardly applicable,
by extravabecause the Fathe
hrician description
and the only difficulty
was
his creditors sold it to Lord Shelburne,from whom
sufficiently
precise,
Donovan's
a,rose
from
want of truthfulness in manufacturing
a figure,
Marquisesof Lansdowne are descended.
"which he affirmed to be a true copy, from the original
from
drawijjg
mansion
was
The
probablypartlyerected by Sir Orlando
'which the species
had been described.
Bridgman, but the chief portionwas erected by John Earl of
With reference to the Hability
of the larger
Dragon Flies to be eaten
from designs
furnished by Mr. Adams, the architect.
Shelburne,
by birds,Mr. Albert Miiller stated that Mr. Natterer had mentioned
A wing 300 feet in length was
added by the first Marquis of
that some
of the Falconidce in Brazil fed on Dragon Flies,thus disproving
Thus
Lansdowne.
the mansion
by degreeshas become so very
the fanciful ground for the mimicry of the two
speciesof
that a
and is of such various styles
of architecture,
Dragon Flies from North America, exhibited at the last meeting of extensive,
A paper wag
read by Major F. Parry countryman once
the Society
inquiredat the lodge," In which of them
by Mi', McLachlan.
"
housen
on
the genericnomenclature of Lissapterns
Lord Lansdowne lived!
one
of the
Howittauus,
Professor

Westwood

exhibited

series of drawings and

SIO

JOUENAL

OF

HOBTIOULTUBB

AND

COTTAGE

GABDENBB.

[ December

28, 1871.

In front of the west wing justnoticed are the terrace gardens.

is partlybuilt in the Grecian,partlyin the
The mansion
and is situated on the side of rising These extend the whole
Italian styleof architecture,
length of the west wing, and are on
the upper terrace being8 feet higherthan the lower
ground,that ascends towards the back and descends to a lake in two levels,
front,which is said to have been formed by damming back a one, and divided from it by a wall surmounted
by open work in,
with vases
at the top,which
filled with
rivulet which flowed in the bottom of the valley.This lake is dressed freestone,
are
of
its
Geraniums
and
other
in
The
of
mile
in
and
the
width
of thissummer.
a
outline,
plants
upwards
length,
irregularity
terrace
is about 60 feet,and it is laid out in geometrical
its broad expanse of water, and its accompaniments of trees and
beda,
round two
marble
ward
toone
shrubs,combine to make it one of the greatfeatures of the place. grouped very effectively
fountains,
each end of the terrace. Each bed has a dressed-stone
of the plantIt has been supposedthat the lake as well as much
ing
"
the work
of the celebrated
of the park was
Capabilityedging4 inches high and 3 inches wide, next there is a 5-inch
and other placesin a
and then a low
Brown," who formed lakes at Blenheim
space which is filledwith white spar in smnmer,
The principal
faces the
front of the mansion
similar manner.
Box-edgingclippedsquare at top. Cypressesand Irish Yews
of the building,
with the
the main portion
upright form are plantedat intervals suitable
south,and comprises
keptin a strictly
westward
is a wing 100 yards to the design,which, though far from being so complicated
Grecian portico
as.
; whilst extending
the library,
could not be adequately
others,and much more
elegant,
containing
longin tie Italian style,
orangery, and
many
to the lower
described without an engraving. We
offices.A view of the south front of the mansion, taken from the
now
come
is givenin the accompanying
terrace,to which we descend by a broad walk and flightof
"park
engraving.

Bowood"

Soath

Front

This fills up the space between the upper terrace and

West

and

Wing.

of their effectin

the aid of the colouristwould

summer

the park,the two terraces beingequalin width to the depth of

the main body of the building
from the line of the west wing.
On each side of the walk leading
down to this terrace is a bronze

necessary.
In front of the east wing of the house is a
a small flower gardenin Box
with a raised

it is believed,
formed in 1810 or
was
Stag. The upper terrace,
Mr. Spencerwas
1811, and the lower oiie in 1851,when
the
gardener. This is separatedfrom the park by a low freestone
baiustraded wall,covered with Ivy and surmounted
with vases ;

which
Bound

also be-

croquetgroundand

centre of
three boys supportinga terra-cotta basket of fruit.
these is a 5-feet bed surrounded
by a low Ivy-covered
the Prince of Wales's feathers..
wall,with scrollbeds representing
After all it is in the extensive pleasure
grounds and the still
and at the west
end is an
architectural wall with a flight
of
look for the chief beauties of
extensive park that we must
more
It is not in gay parterres,
of Laurusof bedding
not in acres
Bowood.
stepsleadingdown to the garden,and dense masses
and other shrubs closely
in thousands
of Geraniums,
not in miles of ribbon-borders,
tinus,
Phillyreas,
cut-in,on each side plants,
of a fountain. The
hundreds
wall is likewise surmounted
in
of Verbenas,and in multitudes of the other
retaining
by
"
and
is
bold
which
furnish
architectural
flowers
the
materials
of
a
of
what
is
called
we
vases,
design,furnished,
beddingbelieve,
by Mr. Keimedy,of Glasgow. This gardenforms one of out " not in all these that Bowood claims its high position
the most beautiful features of Bowood
the seats of our
in winter with the
face,
Englishnobility.Its undulatingsur; even
among
beds empty and with nothingbut its uprightCypresses,
its dark
its wood, its water
Here soft-green
these are its charms.
Irish Yews, its close-shaven green turf,its architectural surthere a roughtangle
roundings, turf,
; here the Pines of America, there the
and its backgroundof massive trees,it has a noble
Oak, and the Beech, and the Fir, the trees of our native land.
and impressiveappearance, but how much
And then there are long gladesaffording
more
attractivemust
glimpsesofthe far-off
it be when
the beds are
all aglow with the liveliestcolours ! hills,
and steepbanks densely clothed with grey lichen-covered
This terrace,
like the upper one, dotted,
trees springing
from the midst. Again,
we
have already
as
said, wood-growth,with lofty
with Cypresses
and Yews, was
laid out by Mr. Spencer,
and the
consists.
we
say, it is in these that the beautyof Bowood
beds set in turf and a framework
But while thus descanting
of brightcoloured gravelare
what Nature
and the hand of
on
n
eat.
A
idea
of
has done
of
this
the
done
and
the
skill
of
the planter
extremely
good
the generalappearance
planterhave
portionof the gardenwill be obtained from the accompanying much
features of
have forgotten
of the main
we
to notice one
but the outlines of the beds would require,
the waterfallat the head of the lake.
and well
the place,
One might well
engraving,

bed, in the

"

are

"

"

"

"

a separaterepresentation,
deserve,
and to givea juat'Conceptionsuppose

this to be

work

of

Nature,so well

is the

deception

December

JOURNAL

28, 1871. ]

OF

HOBTIOULTUEE

AND

GARDENER.

OOTTAOB

511

the other side of the lake's head

Doric temple from which we
a
At
gaina view across the lake of the east front of the mansion.
is
30 feet,
dancing from rock to rock in four stages,and the fall, the back of the mount on which this temple summer-house
is
ation
formsituated
bank
the
other
natural
a
with
side
a
where
the
on
as others
windingwalk,
so lofty
planted
though by no means
with
and
other
Scotch
and
sufficient
is
stillof
trees
of the groundis more
Firs,
Pines,Beeches,
Weymouth
importance
hilly,
IN'ear thispointis a noble specimen of Pinus Pinaster,
both in height and body of water to lift it above those toy shrubs.
which may be estimated at 100 feet high,and at a little
distanceheld up to ridicule. The
devices which are so often and so Justly
off the red shoots of a clump of the Dogwood (Comus sanguiuea)"
covered with Ivy, and at its sides are
rockwork is partially
the
duller
hues
of
the
and
the
now
Pausing
winding lighted-up
evergreens.
Portugal Laurels and Pinuses. Near this point
the old Beeches, generally
of Laurels and Rhododendrons, then to admire
branchingnot more"walks are skirted by plantations

carried out,but it is merelythe waste water of the lake carried

the dam by which the
artificial
an
rockwork,constiluting
over
20 and
formed. The water falls a heightof between
lake was

grotto and rockerywe

The

reach

prominentobjectis

next

if than the heightof a man

from the ground, hut throwingtheir
to conceal the boundaryof the pleasuregrounds,
serve
to a
arms
over
a wide
we
for the view so merges
into that of spreading
come
diameter,eventually
boundaryit can be called,
that a boundaryis nowhere
the parkand plantat'ons,
apparent. Laurel-skirted walk leadingto the pinetum. This was planted
about
and
of
the
several acres
out
varieties of the ponticumrace, were
covers
The Rhododendrons, chiefly
1850,
seventy or eighty
of kept pleasure ground,and
shoots.
of which about fifty
ar"made vigorous
acres
cut back three years ago, and have now
under
rather
close
the
lower
and
the
the
of
a
o
r
side
the
waterfall
scythe,
mowing-machine.
through
by
Passing
which

Lower

The

Terrace

Garden

at Bowood.

pinetum is one of the

of which is 18 feet high ; and so there are of

Pinsapo,CupressusLawsoniana,Picea nobilis,P. cephaof which the branches cover
lonica,Taxodium
sempervirens,
remarkable
for ita
circle 30 feet in diameter ; Cedrus atlantica,
beautiful lawn tree ; Junia
glaucoushue ; Abies orieutalis,
tlie giant American
there
J.
noble
J.
the
were
communis
Savin
h
owever,
Pinuses,
(J.Sabiua)
pendula,
many
;
;
perus reourva,
Pinus excelsa,
Pinus Pinea, Abies
specimens.Cupressusmacrocarpa could not be lessthan 30 feet J. virginiana
; Abies M enziesii,
and from the
Cedars of
high ; Wellingtonia
giganteawas
canadensis,and many others,not to mention majestic
probablyas tall,
thickness of ite stem both here and at other placesit seems
likely Lebanon in various parts of the grounds. It must be added
to attain as greatdimensions,at least in girth,
it has done in that to every tree in the pinetum is placedin the ground near
as
the Califomiau groves.
Of Abies Douglasii
the tall spar at it an iron label with the name, height,and native country of
Kew must be familiar to many of the readers of this Journal, the tree printed,
and protected
from the weather by glass such
most notable features of Bowood,
and contains a very complete collection of the finest Conifers
from all partsof the globe. It is true we
did not notice the new
introductions from Japan,such as the Sciadopitys,
the Retinoand
had
but
doubt
elsewhere.
no
a place
Of
others,
they
sporas

one
trees,

Picea

some

"

and the trees of it at Bowood

outsidethe pinetum proper, some
of them from 50 to 60 feet in height,
have the same
erect towering
It
habit.
noble tree,especially
when
a
well
so
is,indeed,
furnished -with branches
the specimens here.
as
It is found,

however, that when

labels as were
in use
at Chiswick some
The grass of
years ago.
the pinetum is beautifully
at this season, when
kept, and even
in the gardener'smind between
leaves cause
a struggle
falling
many
considerations of economy
and appearance, there was
and
aU
offend
the
of
the
that
could
most
fastidious,
nothing
eye
the walks were
clean and brightaa they could have been in
as

while the branches are

high winds come
laden with snow, disastrous breakagessometimes
Arauoccur.
carias are represented
by specimens25 feet high; Pinus insignis,summer.
which
in
is tender
has attained a heightof from
some
places,
week,
40 to 50 feet ; of Picea

Nordmanniaua

there

are

several hand-

NOTES
The

Royal

BiBMiNQHAH
the 2gth.

Hobtiouliueaii

will open

on

AND

we

must

take our leave of Bowood

for the present
the notice of the kitchen gardenand

hothouses.

GLEANINGS.

Society's

Peovincial
Show at
the 25th of June and continue until

Here

to another
deferring

Wak.
H. H.

"

French
Losses
of
the
From
statistics which have

Ncbseeymen
been furnished

ddbing
us

the

by the Rev.

Dombrain, the Secretaryto the French Hortiooltarists'

512

aOXJENAL

OF

HOKTIOULTURE

AND

COTTAGE

GAKDENEE.

r December

28, 1871.

Belief Fund,

find that in the Department of the Seine alone

we
AND
GEEENHOUSE
CONSEEVATOET.
of snfierersamounts
to 555, and their total loss in
Valuable pot specimens of hardwooded plantsmay, perhaps,
atrnotures and other requisitesfor carrying on their business, have to be wintered in the
conservatory,for many of these are
and of plants,is estimated
at 2,626,330francs,or in round
impatient of fire heat and a confined atmosphere, and ought,
numbers
"105,000.
be
much
t
o
out of the way of its influence as
therefore,
kept as
The death is announced
October 10th,in Nicaragua, circumstances permit. They should be placednear the glassand
on
turned partlyround
of fever,of De. Bekthold
prising
enterevery week, so that portionsof them may
Seemann, one of our
most
travellers and naturalists. Born
exposed to the light; fresh air should be admitted
in Hanover
in 1825, be equally
on
Dr. Seemann
opportunity,but cutting winds carefully
every favourable
was, in 1816, appointed naturalist to H.M.S.
flre heat than may be indispensable,
Herald, in its survey of the Pacific,during which voyage he guarded ag"inst. Use no more
and
be
careful
its drying effect on the
to counteract
had the opportunityof exploring,
more
thoroughly than almost
either
of
means
other
or
the
atmosphere
by
evaporating
Pacific
countries
by
ling
sprinkEuropean,
of South
America
any
pans,
the borders.
It is in many
and the Isthmus
cases
a very difficultmatter
to
of Panama.
In the same
vessel he subsequently
maintain
moist atmosphere without
visited the Arctic regions,and the "Narrative
a sufficiently
producing
of the
drip,as the moisture in the house gets condensed
Sir John
Voyage of H.M.S. Herald,"
Eiehardson and Dr.
upon the
the number

by
important contribution

of inside gutters
history glass,and unless provisionis made by means
by and pipes to catch the condensed moisture and carry it off,it is
the latter comprising an account of the flora of Western Eskimonearlyimpossible in frostyweather to preserve the beauty of
land, North-western Mexico, the Isthmus of Panama, and the flower for any length of time. In cases where there is no provision
made
island of Hong-Kong.
In 1860 he was
against the condensed moisture falling
sent by the English
npon the
the
Government
sistent
plants,
to the FijiIslands,then latelyacquired,and on
temperature should he kept as low as may be conwith safety,
his return published two works, one containinga narrative of
avoidingmoisture in the atmosphereas far
his mission,the other,under the titleof " Flora Vitiensis,"a
as possiblewherever the glassis affected by frost.
STOVE.
history of the vegetable productions of the islands. Since
of bloom next May, a
1864, he has been greatlyinterested in the mining capabilities If there is any prospect of a scarcity
and other resources
and Gloxinias which have been longest
of the various states of Central America, portion of Achimenes
and
few
Clerodendrons
and
and has spent much
at
a
of his time there in the interest of different
rest,
Allamandas, should be
repotted at once, and placed in a warm
part of the stove ; a
trading communities, and in promoting the route across
the
few plants of Echites splendens, and Dipladenia crassinoda,
Isthmus.
Dr. Seemann
is the author of several popular botanical
but unless their wood is well ripened wood,
works in German
and English,and has been since its may also be started,
and they have been some
time at rest,there will be nothing
foundation,editor of the Journal of Botany.
them
into growth at present. A
The Government
is advertisingthe appointment, by gained by attempting to start
bottom
heat
80" or 85" will be of greatservice
of
about
gentle
open competition,of a Clekk
the
to
Cukatok of the Eoyal
to such plants by inducing a healthyroot action, and if this
Gaedens at Eew, and of a second assistant in the Heeeaeiuji.
be secured, there will be littledoubt about obtainingfree
can
The
salaries commence
at "100 and "60 respectively,
and the
vigorousgrowth. Let Ixoras and other hardwooded
plantsthat
specified
and the other
age is in one case from twenty to thirty,
have made
sufficientgrowth be kept rather dry at the root,in
from eighteento thirty. The examinations wiU take
place on
order to check their growth and induce a tendency to form
January IGlh." (Nature.)

"Seemann, is
of

an

to the

natural

little-known regions,the portion contributed

previously

bloom.

We

are

careful

not

to allow

the balls to become

so

endanger the foliage. Be sparing in the use of fire

WORK
heat save
in the case
FOR
THE
of plants being forced into flower or
WEEK.
growth. It is in every sense
good policy to have a separate
KITCHEN
GAEDEN.
house
for these,as it saves
or
driving
The young plantsof
compartment
fuel,avoids overin frames must be protected
Cauliflowers
the
whole
collection
the
sake of a small portion,and
for
from severe
frost by coveringthe lightswilh mats, and if there
where
insures
than
obtained
r
esult
be
a
more
can
satisfactory
in
the
are
any
open borders,protectthem with arched sticks
and mats. Lay a coatingof long dung over ridgesof the Celery there is but one house for the whole collection of stove plants.
requiredfor use, to preserve it from frost. Plant a few Garlics Keep a moderate heat of from 50" to 60" ; and giveplenty of
air. Stephanotis,Allamandas, "o., may be potted and trained
and Shallots on
and put a sprinklingof wood ashes in
a ridge,
preparatory to startingafter Christmas, and the stakingof all
the drills to keep off the grubs. Ground
intended
for Onions
specimen plantsmust be proceeded with as fast as possible.
should be got in good condition for the March sowing. Pond
FOECING
PIT.
mud
or the scrapingsand sides of ditches put on
the surface of
This is a good time at which
to introduce a considerable
the ground to the depth of 4 or 5 inches,left to meliorate by the
number
of plantsfor general forcingpurposes. Ehododendrons,
and pointed-in a week
jfrost,
or
two before sowing, is the best
Moss
and
Provence
Persian
Lilacs,
Eoses,Sweet Briars,
of all composts for Onions.
Wood ashes should be sprinkled Azaleas,
vanced
adHoneysuckles, Kalmias, Daphnes, Ehodoras, the more
the surface at the time of sowing, and raked-in with the
npon
Hyacinths,Narcissus,Tulips,"o., may now be started.
seed,when the process is complete,with the exceptionof the
A sweet bottom heat of 80" max., and a temperature of 65",will
hoeingand weedingafterwards.
be necessary
whatever
the structure.
One thing may be here
FEUIT
GAEDEN.
observed
that is,that it is vain to introduce anythingunless
Pash forward pruning, nailing,tying espaliertrees,and
bloom.
This
the
for
to
set
properly
points
necessityof a special
such-like tedious operationsas fast as the weather and circumstances
summer's
trainingas suggestedlong since.
will admit.
Make
a point of every week
amining
regularlyexCOLD
PITS.
all the choicer kinds of fruit,
the finest Pears are
as
Plants that have been excluded from the lightand air for a
almost worthless if allowed to get over-ripebefore being used,
few days must
to cold
not be too suddenly exposed,especially
and the same
is the case with many
varieties of Apples. All
but should be very graduallyinured to free
decayingfruit should be removed, and any of the choicer kinds northerlywinds,
Take advantage,however, of mild days to give air
exposure.
of Pears that do not
appear to ripen properlyin the fruit room,
and keep the plants
sparinglysuppliedwith water
freely,
dry

as

to

"

should be removed

to

warm,

dry room

for

few

very

days.

quently
roots,so as to prevent weak sappy growth. Look freover
anything subject to the attacks of mildew, apply
Trim up shrubberyborders for the winter,and at the same
the
this
is
and
that
moment
see
sulphur
pest perceived,
thing
everytime prepare places intended next summer
for Hollyhocks,
is perfectly
free from insects. W. Keane.
Dahlias,"c., by deep digging,
and working in plenty of good
rotten manure.
Keduoe all coarse-growingplantsby pruning,
LAST
DOINGS
OF
THE
WEEK.
to prevent them
valuable.
Valuable
injuringothers more
JLOWEB

at the

GAEDEN.

"

plants,as VariegatedHollies,and Ehododendrons,

called American

and

what

KITCHEN

GAEDEN.

sirable, Little could be done this week, on account of the weather,

plants,if not growing as freelyas is dewould be benefited by the application
if done
of a top-dressing except trenching. Now
is the time for tree-planting,
of decayed manure
or
decayed leaf soil,covered with a little immediately after the hole is made, as the moisture has not
fine soil,
and worked
into the ground round the ball towards
the
fibrous
the
which
for
soil beneath,
packing
yet affected
the extremities of the roots. American
and other plantsnot
roots in should be dry. We have frequentlynoticed how much
growing satisfactorily
should be taken up, the ground well prepared better trees thrive when planted in moderately dry than in wet
by a liberaladdition of peat or leaf soil,
and replanted.
cloggysoil.

are

514

JOURNAL

OF

HORTICULTURE

potted bulbs in a littleheat to draw the roots down, whilst the

tops of the pots are help cool. We also often assist the free
risingof the flower-stem by means
of funnels of paper, or even
a pot of smaller
size placed over
the other containingih" bulb,
Window
gardenerswho possess no hotbed, and who yet wish to
have earlybulbs,as Snowdrops, Crocus,Hyacinths,and Tulips,
in their window, should pot the bulbs early,and placethem in
any dark place where the roots will be encouraged to develope
themselves before the flower-stem. A dark closet or cellar is
the proper place,and the pots will be all the better if plunged
in either sand, ashes,or moss,
and covered with a littleof the
material.

When

brought to the window

the
as

the
object,

outer
pot should be dispensed with as the bulb
flower,takingcare, however, that no violent check
is experienced. In watering the
be
temperature should never

"an

into

comes

but

that

none

habit induced

Arbutus

90" to 100".
Allow the flat or saucer, which even then
a littledistanse from
the bottom of the inside pot, to remain
fall. Each pot thus has a hotbed for itself. Where
is
room

23, 1871.

known

system of "raising"
producing their shoots
speciesand others sports,
of have been raised from seed, nor a pendulous
we
are
aware
by any forethought of man.
Weeping trees are propagated
stocks of kindred
species at the height of stem required.
shrub enclosed to us in flower is the Strawberry tree.
"

the

is

[ December

Weeping
Trees
There is no
(B. X),
for some
weeping trees, nnr can we account
penduloualy, whilst others grow erect. Some

pots

at from

GARDENER.

would be a means
of enriching the soil. Prune newly-planted pyramids,
bushes, "G., very
little,
merely taking off the irregularor unnecessary
growths, whicli is all these trees require at the wioter trimming. The
be done
in summer.
It is better to prune at
principal pruning should
planting than in spring.
List
Sutton's
ORnsR
Y
onr
note
is
advertisement.
We
an
{Jeff}."
and
have seen
their list,
agree with you .thatit is one of the most useful
published.

by grafting on
The sprig of

full of roots they may be

are
tops are beginning to show.
These if covered up will have a yellowishtinge,and should not
be fullyexposed to the lightuntil they become
somewhat
green.
If wanted early,the pot or funnel over them will help both
proweeks in this
"cesses, and the rooting may be hastened by some
manner.
The pots are set on as above, not in saucers, and as
as
thickly
they can stand,with a littlemoss or sawdust stuffed in
between
them, and whilst no water is given to the pots,warm
water about 90" is poured on
the moss
or
sawdust, and extra
heat thus suppliedto the bottom of the
pot. We found we could
.gain as much as three weeks in full rooting by this process,
and
by continuing it the floweringwas also earlier. We also
found a good plan for getting earlybloom without
the help of
" hotbed
to place a 5-inch pot into a 6-inch pot, fillthe
was
bottom of the largepot with moss, and the space between
the
or
pota with moss
sawdust,and then water between with water
same

COTTAGE

AND

trees

are

Unedo.

Orange

Browned
Tree
Leaves
(J. D.)." The leaves enclosed to us
badly browned, which we think may be owing to dressing with
compound, or perhaps to their being constantly wet from syringing
of fallingis probably due to potting
or
drip from the roof. The cause
a check, and
at this season, which has occasioned
brought on the affection
be well to give the plant the benefit of a mild
you complain of. It would
bottom
of 65- to 70', so as to induce a good root action, and if that
neat
is done we
tbiok the foliagewould be better. It is evidently the Mandarin
Orange (Citrus nobilis).
KosES
Pots (P. Pa^ef)." The Roses in the coolest part of the conin
servatory
should be kept rather dry until the early part of February, and
and
defer pruning a fortnight.
pruned. If not already potted do it now,
Hyacinths coming into flower would be benefited by the application ol
weak liquid manure.
are

very

some

Rose

named

{J. Carr)
Madame

"

We

do

know

not

Madame

Barriott.

There

is

one

Barillet.

Roses
{M. A. B.)." Alfred Colomb, Charles LeBaroness
Baumann,
Rothschild, La France, Gloire do
febvre, Marie
Dijon, Cecile de Chabrillant,Duke of Edinburgh, Marguerite de St. Amand,
Dr. Andry, Senateur Vaisse, John
Hopper, Abel Grand, Emilie Hausburg,
eur
Victor Verdier, Mons
Nomau, Pierre Netting, Mdlle
Eugenie Verdier,
de Caylus, Murquise de Caatellane, EdouCountess of Oxford, Duchesse
ard Morren,
Xavier Olibo, Mdlle. Marie
Rady. Add to these as TeasSouvenir
d'uu Ami, Madame
Willermoz, Belle Lyonnaise, Souvenir
Twenty-four

Dwarf

dElise.

Grafting
Pereskia
Stocks
Epiputllums
for
on
{W. W.). E. trancatum
var.
Ruckerianum,
Snowii, salmoneum
margitricolor,violaceum
nitum,ro3eumamabile, Russellianum, magnificum,albo-lateritia,albo-vioBridgesii,aurantiacum, and E. speciosum superbum.
laceum, purpureum,
TRADE
CATALOGUES
RECEIVED.
Iron Stakes for
Roses [Clyde). Iron, from their durability,are superior
fruit
to wood
You may
stakes, and are not injurious to the roots.
Dickson " Co, 1,Waterloo Place,Edinburgh. Catalogue Forest
of
Vines
after being raised from
but
additional
is
the
the
care
pot
year
eye,
^nd
Ornamental
Trees and Shrubs,Conifers^
Rhododendrons^
"c.
the apparatus yon name.
should be
to do so with
The
canes
necessary
List
Descrijitive of Gladioli.
strong and Wbll ripened.
B. S. WiUiama, Victoria and Paradise Nurseries,
Upper HoUoway,
has
Heaths
Culture
of
{Amateur). The culture of Cape Heaths
liondon,N.
Descriptive
Catalogueof Floioer^Vegetable,
hints will
and Agribeen treated of repeatedly in our
cultural
previous volumes, bat some
Seeds^1872.
shortly be given on their culture and varieties.
J. Wheeler
" Son, Gloucester, and 59, Mark
Heaths
Plants
to flower in October
or
Select
{A Beginner). Three
Lane, London.
IVliecler" Son's Little Book, or Select Seed List for 1872.
Erica
house
GreenNovember
are
colorans,E. arbuscula, and E. caffra. Twelve
Adiantum
Ferns
are
Sutton " Sons, Reading. Suttons' Amateur's Guide and Sprinn
cuneatum, Lomaria
gibba, Asplenium dimorphum, Cheilanthes elegans, Davallia pyxidata, Gleichenia dicarpa, Neo"Catalogue
for 1872.
topterisaustralasica, Nephrolepis tuberosa, Pteris scaberula, Adiantum
largoniums
Bulphureum, Asplenium Veitchianum, and Lomaria Belli. Six Show Peof Honour,
Charles Turner, Claribel,Cycle, Emperor, Maid
TO
CORRESPONDENTS.
Sis Fancy
and
East Lynn, Fanny Gair, Princess
Troubadour.
Teck,
^'^'
Many questions must remain unanswered until next
Marmion, Formosa, and Pink Perfection. Six Utove J'tfrns" Adiantum
"week.
Gymnogramma
Laucheana, G. Wetfarleyense,Asplenium praemorsum,
appendiculatum, and Davallia polyantha. Six
teahalliana,Polypodium
Address
(A. Crickett)."Mr.West died two years since.
^c/timt-ncs"
Ambroise
Verschaffelt, Rollinsoni, Multiflora
major, MarExchange
Column
(C. F. H., Dorset)." Vfe are -willingto insert exchange
Sis.Fine-foliaged
guerita,Purpurea Magnifica,and Sir Treherne Thomas.
advertisements
not exceeding two lines for Is. It is not our fault
Croton
Plants
Suitable for Table"
angustifolium, Maranta
roseo-picta,
4hat
so few
have availed
themselves of this facility,
which, on looking
regina, D. Chelsoni, and Terminalia
Myrtus microphylla, Draceua
"back,you will find we offered long ago.
elegans.
Anti-cloche
{An Old Lover of Horticulture)."'^ q ca.n ohXj in^Qxi it as
Cyclamens
{Cgclavien).~You must apply to any of the leading florists
an
for which the charge would
advertisement,
be heavy.
who advertise in our columns.
Roses
for
a
Trellis
Gloire de Dijon, yellow; Boule de
(H. fl".)."
Height
Peas of Moderate
(George Yardley). 1st,Early Dickson's
Neige,white; Alfred Colomb, red; John Hopper, rose; and Abel Grand,
Princess
and
Main
First and
Best, Kentish Invicta. Sad, Midseasou
pink.
Premier.
3rd, Late" Yorkshire Hero, and Dwarl
Royal, and Maclean's
Apples
and
Pears for
Espaliers
Branching. They do not exceed 4 feet in height.
(A Subscriber,Ireland." k-gpletrees
should be worked on the Paradise,
and Pears on the Quince stock.
Some
Geranium
Leaves
Browned
Mrs. Pollock
{S.Hiscoe). The leaves
of Pears
do not succeed
the Quince, but may
on
be worked
janeties
suff^jred from
cold and
consider
on
to have
sent
damp, and we
appear
Pear.
Trees three years old from the graft,specially
of their present condition.
perature
JJe
these to be the causes
trained,would be
They should have a temthe best to plant. Horizontal-trained
wall trees as sold in the nurseries,
of 45' to 5\)'-at night to keep the leaves iu good condition,with
"will answer
It will be best to train your Vine in through
your purpose.
than is suflicient to keep the leaves from becoming limp
water
no
more
a hole
m
the brickwork at the base of the wall.
The mulching which the
or
without
flagging. One watering at a time should be sufficient,
going
border should receive in winter will cover
that part of the stem exposed.
of half an hour.
twice at an interval
over
Admit air moderately, avoiding
The trellis to which the Vines are trained should be 15 inches from the
cold cutting currents.
filass.
Flowering
Tulips
not
{A Constant Subscriber). It is not diflScultto
Temperature
for
Tree
Carnations
(H".C.)." To ensure
the flowering
have Tulips iu flower at Christmas, but it is necessary that they be potted
at this period of the
year they require a temperature of 60= at night
early and placed on a gentle hotbed, with very little top heat after they
and 5 higher in the day, admitting air
freelywith an advance from sun
have been on a cold bottom for a month.
Early in November
they should
neat.
Give them
abundance
of air and
be put in a bouse with a temperature of 45^, increasing to 50*^to 55' at
light,and keen them near
the
glass.
the glass to keep
night at the close of that montb, and should be near
essential
is to choose
them from drawing. Another
the early kinds,as
Holly
Pbopagating
{Idem)." The variegated kinds are
y-^^iEQATED
raised
Due
Van Thol, Pottebakker, "c.
by grafting on stocks of the common
or
green Holly, and the best
time to do this is in March.
They may also be raised from cuttings of
Odt-doors
Tulips
(Wcm)." Tulips do not increase in size of bulb from
the
ripened summer
shoots, put in during November
on
a
north border, year to year, and seldom improve in size or blooming qualitieson
those
and covered
with a hand-glass.
imported. Of course
they continue to attain a full flowering size, and
Repotting
Pelargoniums
of 00*3013 that in course
of two or three years
(ItZem)." It should be done at once, not
give a number
come
to a
giving a large shift,as you wish them
to flower early ; but If they are
flowering state ; in that way they improve.
already in good-sized pots, we should not advise their being repotted.
Hotbed
Cotton
Waste
{E, TF.)."It is formed in the same
way as a
Mulching Newlt-planted
Fruit Trees
(F. J.)."Two to 3 inches of bed of dung, but being of a greater heat-giviug
nature
it is not necessary
stable
litu r is not too much
to put about newly-planted fruit trees.
It may
it so high. It is best used in a brick pit,though ono
to make
with sides
De put all
the
or
in
a
circle
of
ground,
3
about
feet around
oyer
each. If put
well.
We
will answer
have made
of boards
of stable
the outside
litter,
over
the whole
surface it could be pointed-in during the
spring, and
and then filledup the centre with the waste.
Four feet high at back and

"colder than the heat of the

room,

"

60" to 65"." B. F.

say from

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

Lif

"

"

"

December

28,1871.

OF

JOURNAL

HORTICULTURK

molBtened,
It will need to be slightly
a good hotbed.
? leet in front forms
but not made very wet.
Suckers
from
Chrysanthemums
(Idem). We prefer taking good,
roots,placing them singlyin small pots,
strong, short cuttings with some
and putting these in any house with a gentle heat.
They make the best
as
plants,and have single stems. Yon may also divide the old plants^
of the best shoots, and removing
three or more
you propose, retaining
most
of the old soil, reduce tbem
considerably,
the weakest.
Take away
ably.
and put in pots that will hold the roots,which should be cut-in considerPlace them in a cold frame until established,and then harden-off.

AND

BEE,

POITLTRY.

515

GARDENER.

COTTAaE

AND

CHRONICLE.

PIGEON

"

Cineraria
Leaves
Curling
(Berra)."Are you sure that there are no
insects on
the leaves ? Examine
them
carefully,and if you find any
See that the plants are
trace of thrips or aphis,fumigate with tobacco.
the
near
not subjected to cold cutting currents of air,and keep them
in
cool
a
ture
structure,
an
bottom, and in a temperaglass
airy
standing on
to a floweringstate,of
of from 40" to 45",if young,
if advanced
or
lErom 45" to 50".

BIRDS.

CLAIMED

CHANGING

FRAUDULENTLY

fact connected
to direct yonr attention to a very disagreeable
which I think might,
with the late poultryexhibitions,
I
allude
to
on
with advantage,be commented
by the EiJitors.
and Pigeons which
the theft of valuable birds. That the poultry
during the last twelve months
have
so mysteriously
I

WISH

disappeared

for the most part probablyduring

stolen from exhibitions,
ledge
packing-up time," I have no doubt. Every one must acknowthat such thefts,unless strong and prompt preventive
into
such ill
be taken,will speedily
bringfowl-fancying
Bedding
Silver
White-foliaged
or
Plants
for
(Longlands). measures
Achillea jsgyptiaca,Arabis atpinaargentea, Antennaria
tomentoea, Genpersons recoil with horror
repute as to make all right-thinking
Cerastium
tomentosum,
tflurea argentea plumosa, Centaurea
I could
ragusina,
from a pursuitso intimatelyconnected with fraud.
radicans
Cineraria maritime, Dactylis glomerata variegata,Euonymua
the varieties
a largevolume) upon
write a littlevolume
([mean
variegatus,Gnaphalium lanatum, Poa trivialisargentea elegans,Santolina
"
"
the fancy
indulge; but
and
Senecio argentea. You may
obtain seed of the Cineraria
of fraudulent practicesin which
mcana,
-and Cerastium, which sown
will be in good order for planting out in
now
having no wish to overtax your patience,I will simply giveone
were
"

"

May.

Ferns
Importing
from
Demerara
(Amateur)." We could not name
"the Ferns that are worth importing from Demerara,
sider
but we should conmost if not all to be desirable. They should be packed in Wardian
for transit by sailingvessel,and will need to have air and water on
-cases
the voyage.
You might also arrange to have Orchids sent you, packing
them In boxes of moss
than moist.
no
more

At the same
the victim.
instance of roguery, of which I was
two letters,one from our most
time I enclose for your perusal
tegrity,
esteemed Judge, the other from an exhibitor of the highestinI fear,of the unpleasant
corroborative,
both sufficiently
statements with which I have felt it my duty to furnish you.
This month, a year ago, at one of the most important poultry
king
shows held during the season, I claimed a pen of Coloured DorAfter the show was over two old
at

Red
Celery
(L. TF.)."Coles's Defiance Dwarf Red Celery is a good
tage,
and high-coloured kind, but this latter we do not consider any advanbut rather the reverse.
Any of them are red enough even with the
pullets eightguineas.
if it be
best blanching, and no deep-red Celery is good for anything i.e.,
hens were
forwarded to me in placeof the birds I had claimed.
red after earthing-up. Do not earth-up and tie the leaves together,and
much mistaken,I had observed these hens (oneof them
Unless
it will be red and useless. The merit of Celery consists in its being solid,
ing
class. Havunnoticed in the Selling
then in a dying state)
crisp,
sweet, and of a nutty flavour.
even
"

of

for
Lawn
excelsa.
Shrubs
ascertained from the Secretarythat Mr. Hewitt was one
(E. jB.)-"
Portugal Laurel, Chamarops
Hollies (Ilex),altaclarenais,
Aquifolium flava, Aquifolium pendula, Hodwrote to that gentleman,
the Judges of the Dorkings, I at once
Exginsi,Gold and Silver-variegated Laurustinus, Magnolia grandiflora.
I had
asking to be allowed to forward to him the birds which
mouth
Abies CUnbrasiliana,
var.
Quercua Ilex, Q. Fordi,Q. austriaca.
tion
A. pygmsea, A. compacta, A. elegans, and A. pumila are dwarf varieties of
received from the show, that he might substantiate my asserNorway Spruce (A. excelsa); Cedrus Deodara, C. atlantica; Cupressus
that they had not constituted the pen which I had claimed,
Lawaoniana
P. Pinsapo, P. grandis,
j Jnniperus chinensis ; Picea nobilis,
and to which the third prizehad been awarded in the pnUet
P. Nordmanniana
era ; Taxus
; Pinus Cembra, P. excelsa ; Ketinospora pisif
but in
a very kind letter,
class. Mr. Hewitt, in reply,sent me
adpressa, T. elegantisaima, T. fastigiata;Thujopsis borealis; Thuja
and stricta ; and
Wellingtonia it he justly
plicata, T. orientalis,and vars.
aurea
observed that he could not undertake to arbitrate in
double
Rigantea. Thorns
scarlet,pink, and white, are fine lawn trees.
matters of disputebetween vendors and purchasers.
Also have standard Rhododendrons, and Kalmia
latifolia. Plant after
that I ventured to write to
So kind,however, was his letter,
the ground is in good order early in March, a preferabletime to now.

Stove

Hothouse
advise you to do as you
(A. C. C). We cannot
You
a
had better,if you can
be supplied with
gas have
outside
blinds quite
Shrewsbury's hot-water apparatus. We have known
sufficient to compensate for a slightlydeficient heat inside.
in

"

propose.

Heating
Hot
Water
by
{A. J. r.)-"Your arrangement of heating
looks
to bt" a singular one"
like a
seems
taking the pipes round what
number
of beds.
settled as to heating than this, that
Nothing is more
the flow-pipeshould go from near
the top of the boiler,and the returnin near
the bottom of it. As to your particularquestion,there
pipe come
be no doubt that you can heat as far as a b separatelyby the junccan
tion
2 furnished with a valve ; but to do this you must
also have a valve
When
under command
at 3, to prevent the flow going its usual course.
as
you wish the heat to go round
hitherto,you have only to open the
valve 3, and shut the valve in the junction 2. To be thoroughly under
therefore the valves at 2 and 3 instead of 1.
"control,
you want
"c. '{Midland Counties)."There can be no doubt that
small vinery 32 by 20 feet ; but if you contemplated
anything like forcing you had better have the flue all round, or round
three sides,to avoid doorways, and have it above ground. A flue 15 inches
flues berecommend
neath
high and 9 inches wide would do, though we
such a conlook upon
the floor level for small greenhouses. We
trivance
in
winter.
for
out
frost
If
of
the
neatest
as
one
keeping
merely
and keep Lady Downe's
merely wished to help your Vines a little,
you
"fora good while in winter,then
under the pathway say
a flue all round
and
covered
"two bricks-on-side
inside measure,
deep, 5 inches wide
would
answer
well,and all the better if
securely with a 9 or 10-iuch tile,
the floor were
tiled for the pathway, so as to leave a slope open at the sides
of the flue. As stated
already,if you contemplate forwarding the Vines
much, have your flue above ground instead of beneath the floor. As
to your next question,much
of the success
will depend on sinking the
furnace.
The fire-bars of your furnace should be 2 feet below the bottom
of the flue. Sixteen-ounce
glass would do very well for sides and ends.
secure
Twenty-one-ounce would be more
against wind and hail. Strange
though it seem, it is no less true, that in one case even on a roof,16-oz.
safer from hail than 2l-oz. The latter resisted and was
was
cracked, the
other yielded and lebounded
to the hail ; but on the whole we
would
prefer 21-oz. or 28-oz. for roofs. Have nothing to do with coal ashes for a
Vine border.
a

Flue
Heating
by
flue would heat

"

Names
op
Plants
(Walton)."!, Zygopetalum Mackayi ; 2,L. crinitum.
the Sea
(Jno. B. BlenneTkassett). Your Fern is Asplenium marinum,
Spleenwort. We should suppose it worth your while to attempt to turn
discovery to profit"indeed, feel inclined to hope you will be good
your
enough not to ran any risk of destroying,or, indeed, despoilingit in the
too often prove themselves
nuisances
Fern-hunters
localityyou name.
or so
by exterminating rarities,
hacking their rhizomes, "c., as to soon
eradicate them.
We look on the plundering of a Fern in a localitywhere
act somewhat
akin
to sacrilege.
as
an
it is confessedly seldom
seen
is not such
a
A. marinum
scarcityelsewhere, and not of great value.
(A Ten-years Subscriber)."1,Oncidinmf not yet identified;2, Maxillaria
bility
picta; 3,Epidendrum ciliare. (W. F.). Some Myrtle, and in all probaof the common
a form
Myrtle (Myrtus communis), a triflenarrower
than usual in its foliage.
"

"

"
I want very good
again for his assistance to this effect :"
I
Dorkings. I am a fair judge of a fowl for an amateur, but
I ask
hand
the one
obtain good birds ; for if on
can
never
would-be vendors of certain prizewinnersto send on approval,
of
they shirk out of it ; and if on the other hand I claim a pen "
I do ?
stolen. What
can
birds at a poultry show, theyare
presses
from Shakespeare exIn conclusion,the followingquotation
the fancy," and it
opinion in relation to
my humble
ardent
motto
by
adoptedas a
might, I think,be advantageously

him

"

amateurs

:
generally
"

"

Because

I will Hot do tliem

to mistrust any, I will do myself

wrong
right to trust none."
(Much Ado about Nothing^ Act

The
The

"

"

H. Seymoub
Mr. Hewitt's
"

Fkasbk, Headley, near

letter

was

as

follows

Sc. 1.)

:"

dently
as
so very general,
theyeviam
really
sorry to find complaints
of
claimed fowls,as it
the identity
are
becoming,respesting
one
or more
creditof
some
the
honour
and
at least compromise
'

must

l.

Petersfield.

'

but itis nevertheless a fact,

at firstblush incredible,
parties. It seems
have written to me
a"Eftirno less than three parties
that since y. n
'
'
do
What
can
advice
to
this
effect,
they ?' One says, he claimed
for
than a month ago.
They went back, and he says
a pen of birds more
sent
direct
and
on
bought
he can prove that the birds he has got were
shown
at all. I advised this applicant
to him from a dealer,and never
if
to the County Court, and prove it to conviction,
to ' take the case
both alike. They saw the
are
certain that it is so.' The other cases
it ' they aint them.'
one
as
them,
and,
the
at
expresses
birds
time,bought
but this I well know, such
how to advise,
know
do not
"

really

myself

many
actions will helpa good deal to break up the fancyamong
creditable and most-to-be-valued supporters.Agam, I
are
of these cases
beyond
cannot
help thinking that at least some
Hewitt."
facts,and I grieveto find it so." Edwakd
question

mean

of its most

that
[It is very disheartening,but not to be wondered at,
Not only
villainsmingle with true-hearted poultry fanciers.
not
would we sue for compensation if the birds we boughtwere
but others in their place; but we would indict the vendor

sent,
felony" it being undoubtedly a larceny. One poultry
hard labour
changer sufferingsix months imprisonment with
for

effect. We advise allcommittees

would have a most wholesome
to give notice that they will not deliver claimed birds to anyone
from the purchaser. In future,
order
who has not a written
shall givenotice in writing to
at a show, we
when purchasing

516

JOUENAL

OP

HOETICULTDEE

AND

the cominittee not to deliver what we have purchased to anyone

but the bearer of half a card, the counter hiilfof which we shall
the secretary."
Eds.]

giveto

NORWICH

POULTRY

COTTAGE

GAEDENER.

[ December

28, 1871.

Cheeseman.
2. F. E. Artor.Barham, ranterbur\..
/ic,W.Jacob,
c, C. Eatcliffe,
Canterbury ; W. S. Holding, Yahiing. Aii'jother Variely."ly
E. S. S. Woodgate.
2, A. J. B. B. Hope. M.P.
TanbridKO.
he.Major .^Vi-cher,
Geese."
Mrs.
1,E. J. W. Stratford.
2,
Powell, East Lonham.
he, H. White,
Wateringbury ; Mrs. Powell ; A. J. B. B. Hope, MP.
Turkeys."
1 and
2. A. Warde. Tutsham.
he, G. Springett ; E. J. W. Stratford,
c, A. J. B. B. Hope, M.P. (2).

Womenswould,

SHOW.

|
-

PIGEONS.
1, G. H. Nutt, Maidstone.
2,W.

CABBiEas."
S. Marsh, ian. c. W. S. Marsh,
is a slighterror
Theee
in your columns
last week in alluding inn. ; G. H. Nutt ; E. J. W. Stratford.
Pouters."
1, W. Wells.
2, A. Watkins, jun.
to the Norwich
PoultryShow. A protestis made againstHamFantaies."
1, G. Mills. 2. Mr". J. Viner.
burghs of all varieties being included in one class. This is not
Tumblf.es."
1, E. S. S. Woodgate.
Variety. ~1, W. S. Marsh, jun. 2 and 3. Miss
Hales.
Extra
S,
the case, but it is preoiaely
like the Dublin and many
other important Any other
G. H. Nutt.
Extra
prize given bv the Judge, G. H. Nutt.
he, E. J. W. Stratford
schedules
having a class for Gold or Silver-pencilled, ; G. H. Nutt. c. T. H. Spencer, Maids' one.
Selling
Class."
G.
W.
Greenhill.
Cocfc."l,
Mrs.
W.M.
2,
Cheere,
Ayleeford.
and a class for Gold or Silver-spangled.
It would doubtless be
Extra
3, C. Terrill,Maidstone.
3, Rev. F. T. Scutt.
Hill
he, A. Eigg, Wrotham
far better to have four classes,
dividingthe Gold and Silver ; Park (2); C. Brown. Char.ng ; Mrs. W. M. Cheere ; W. Foster : Jeken ; E. J.
"

"

"

W.
Stratford
Rev. F. T. f^cott.
2. R. Cheeseman.
(21. Bem."\,
8, E. J. W.
eastern counties are
generallyvery Stratford,
A. Rigg; W. Foster; S. Hubbard;
E. J. W. Stratford,
lie,
c, W.
badly represented. It would be indeed bad pohcy to ofier Dring.
liberal prizesfor any varietyor breed for which
there is little
or no
BARTON
AND
competition. As regards Dorkings,
NORTH
LINCOLNSHIRE
these are
sparingly
exhibited in this district. If fanciers of these varieties are
POULTRY
SHOAV.
desirous of increasingthe number
of classes,
I should recommend
The
lield at the Volunteers' HaU,
fonrtli Annual Exhibition
was
them to exhibit more
to induce those who have
liberally
December
20th.
There were
Barton-on-Humber, on "Wednesday,
wards
upthe framing of prizelists to comply with their wishes,and who
of 200 entries in the All-England
classes besides a fair sprinkling
would gladlyprovide for all varieties likelyto receive support.
in the Local classes,
which
for farmers
and confined
were
only,
I can
ina'trnct
the Judges to to North Lincolnshire. A
only add, that I will willingly
department for dead poultry dressed for
award
additional prizes in any class for deservingspecimens. the spitwas also
provided.This latter department was unsatisfactory
Wm. Gkoom, Ipswich,General Manager.
in its results,
it has ever been.
The
as
Show altogetherwas a great

but

these

classes in the

"

MAIDSTONE
This

held

was

success, which

POULTRY
the

on

dne to

20th

SHOW.

and

21at, and obtained

and
energeticSecretary

most
a
This year the Show was
confined to the
it will most
i
n
future
be
thrown
likely
open.
Nearly
exhibited.
unusuallygood birds were
headed
Dorldnrjs
was

Committeemen.

county, and

The specimens were

success.
of the highestorder of merit in the open
classes,
especially
DorHngs^BraJnnas,and Game. Game Bantonis and
Bantams of any other varietywere
especially
good,and obtained the
highestpraise.Pigeonswere a good Show ; Mr. Yardley,
Birmingham,
and with Mr.
complete and Mr. Hairsine,Hall, had some beautifnl specimens,
few hardworking W. G-. Waters of Elsham, and Mr. W. Beecroft a new
exhibitor,
pretty

420 pens of
the list. Coloured and
Among the Whites were
"
A very good class "

were
Silver-Grey

good.Then came the Coc/ijHs.

the cream
of the year, and the Judge ordered
to be added to the prize list of this class.

Bralimas,too,

well represented. Mr. Knight won

were
the "15
15s.
chickens with the bird he was
third with at the Palace
cup for Brahma
a
grand cockerel indeed.
Why Mr. Dring'sbirds,which took
"

evenlydivided the

honours.

SP.4NISH." 1, H. Yardley, Birminfrham.

2, R. Coffrave, Hessle.
DoBKiNGs."
1,Lieut.-Col.Eyi-e,Newark.
2, H. Smith. Brijjg.
Brahma
PeoTEA."
1, Dr. Holmes, Chestertield. 2, E. Comey, "Whitby.
Cochin-Chin.4."
1,J. Bi-own, Hull. 2, J. Johnstone, Newark.
G\WE.-~Blaclc-bremted
or
other Fieds."l, F. Sales, Crowle.
2, H. E. Martin,
Pculthorpe,Fakenbam.
Any other Varietif."l.F. Sales. 2, J. B. Hepworth^
Hatfield.
Code"
2, T Ward, Goxhill.
Hull.
Master
F. Astley,
W.
Beecroft,
2,
HkoiBVRGKs."GoMcit-simngled."l,
Elsham
Hall. Silver-sjmngled."l,
W. G. Waters.
Elsham.
2, Master F. Astley.
G. W. Canty.
Oolde/i-peiicitlcd."2,
Silver-pencilled."
2. R. E. Stringer,Brig?.
son,
Game
Bantams."
he," Hud2. Rev. F. Cooper. Ampney.
1,
Kobson, Hull.
J. C. Meggit, Bnrton;
Epworth;
Miss
Any other
Wells, Winterton.
Variety.-^,W. G. Waters.
other
Any
Vaeietv."
Barton.
Mrs.
J.
Cross.
H.
J.
Tomlinaon,
1,
2,
l\c,S,
Hcn."l.
Coc/;." 2,J. Nainbv, Brigg. he, Lieut.-Col. Eyre.
Wicks, Appleby.
Mrs. J. Cross.
2, F. Sales.
Class."
Selling
1, F. Sales. 2, W. Beecroft.
Bouen.
H. Lawson,
Hull.
2, R. Kobinaon, Goxhill.
'Dvc^B."Ayleshurii."l,
"\. W. Youliill,Goxhill.
Any oilier Variety."1,
2, Miss Wright, Broughton.
H. B. Hardy, Ewerdy
Manor.
2, Miss Wright.

Southamptonby storm, were not second remains to be proved. Samthe Golden-pencilled

hurghswere well represented,especially
variety.
Polcmds were, in every

case

sent with two

so poor that

save

one,
one
pen was
the French.
The
both classes were

and this
disqualification,

awarded.
have been

good

Then

came

but
first,

hens, which was

prize could

no

be

Houdans should
second-prize
good. The YancUj class had

La

"

and Andalusians.
Fleche, Silkies,
There was
a large Game
class with some
good birds. Mrs. Bring had a prettypen,
Pigeons."
H. Yardley.
2, J. Hau-sinejHuU. Pouters."
I, W,
Crt7T("rs."l,
which well deserved a high commendation.
Good
Aylesbury,Rouen, Beecroft. 2. H. Yardley. r"?H";c?'s."l,H. Yardley. 2. W.G. Waters. Fantails.
Jacobins."
and Black i)?/c7i:s
2, H. Yardley.
2, H. Yardley.
l, J. Hairsine.
and very largeSelling "1, J. Hairsine.
put in a strong appearance,
and 2. J. Hairsine.
ri/r6(fs."l, H. Lawson.
he,
2, H. Yardley. Antwcrps."l
classes wound
up the lot.
H. Yardley. rr"mpefe?-s."l, H. Yardley. 2, W. Beecroft.
Bar(iS." 1,H.Yai'dley.
few but good. A lovely
The Pigeonswere
Ajiy other Variety." 1, H. Yardley. 2, W. G. Waters.
pairof Barbs was first in 2, H. Lawson.
class ; and a very neat pairof Autwerps won
the Variety
the extra prize
Cage
Bieds."
Any other Variety." 1,J.
Cojian/." 1 and 2, T. S. Fetch. Hull.
Linnet."
Clarke,
Doncaster.
Any other Variety,
2, T. Britton.
2,J. Bacon.
givenby Aleus," a gentleman who need not conceal his name.

Bantam

"

Coloured."
DoKKiNGS."
1, E. Cheoseman, 'WeBtwell, ABhtord.
2. W. H.ajiic3.
M.iidslone.
Chickens."
1 and Cup, G. W. Greenhill,
3, Dr. Jepson, Stone.
Ashford.
2, W. S, Mavsh, jun., Deal.
S, W. Eeeves, Crittendtn. he,E. J. W
Maidstone.
Stratford,
DoBEiKGS."
^77rcr-(?rez/. 1, G. W. Greenhill.
2, Eev. T. E. Cato, Wyo
Vicarage. 8, F. Cheeeeman.
GhickeJis."l and 2, Kev. T. E. Cato.
S and he, F.
Cheeseman.
White."
i and Cup, K. S. S. Woodgate, Pcmljury,
CocBiiis."
THnbridfie'Wells.
2. Mies Hales, Canterbury, he, E. S. S. WoodKate
(2): Miss Hales,
c. K, S. S.
Woodgate.
Any other Variety." 1, W. Jacob, ShephordsweU.
2, E. Hook,
Chatham.
Spanish."
Bldffc"l,J. Francis, Hildenhoro. Tunhridgc Wells.
2 and S, E. J.
W.Stratford.
CfticJ-ejU's."l
and Cnp, E. J. W. Stratford.
2, J. Francis.
3, Rev.
P, H. Moneypenny,
Hallow
Vicarage,Tnnbridge Wells.
BpAnziAS."Dark.
1, Cup, and
2, W. Jacob.
3, H. Kennett. Wincbeap,
Stiatford.
Canterbury,
c, E. J. W.
Chiclcnu."\ and Cup, Rev. J. G. B. Knight,
Scvenoaks.
Wrolham,
2, \V. Jacob.
8, E. J. W. SIratfonl.
he, Mrs. Jenner,
Preston
Vicarage, Sani^wich; J. K. Parton. Maidstone: T. Goodwin, Thornhills,Maidstone; E. J. W. Stratford (2). c, W. Bring, Faversham.
Bbafmas."
1 and 2, Eev. F. T. Scott.
Li'd/if.8, B. Mitchell.
Chicl-ns."\, H.
Mitchell, Sydenham.
2. G. Mills,Dover.
8, Eev. F. T. Scott, Sibertswold
F. T. Scott; Miss
Ticarage. he, Eev. F. T. Scott,
c, Eev.
Hales; Mrs. H.
Brassey,Preston Hall. Aylestbrd.
GAl,m."Elach-breasted and other Beds."l
and Cup. G. Braham, Ashford.
2,
J. Jelten.Eltham.
3, J. G. Ledger, Folkestone,
/ic.W. Foster, Deal ; J. Jekin.
ChkJcens."l and 2, J. Jekin.
3, W. Foster,
he, J. A. Haj-ms, Ashford.
other VarTety."l. E. Eice, Danecourt.
GAm-E."Any
Sandwich.
2 and 8, J.
Jekin.
c, W.Foster; T. Gjitfin,Broadmead
Cocfo." 1,W.
Manor, Folkestone.
Foster.
2, J. Jekin.
he, G. Braham.
Bai^iwzgbs.
Goiden-spanaleel. I. W, Taylor, Maidstone.
2, H. Saker,
Maidstone.
H. H. StickingR, Ashford.
Silvcr-siiangled."l,
2, Miss L. Doi-man,
Ashford.
he, W. Taylor (2). Goldeii-pencUhd.-l and 2, E. S S. Woodgate.
he, J. Chapman,
Ashford; G. Mills. Mlver^encitUd."'l,J. Chapman.
2, B.
Norton, Town
Mailing.
CREVE-CffiURS."
1 and 2, W. Dring.
and 8, E. J. W. Stratford.
HorDANS."i
2, W. Dring. c, E. J. W. Stratford;
W. Dring.
Any
oTUEn
Variety.1. Mrs. S. E. Bacon, River, Dover.
2, Miss Hales.
8. G. Springett,East Parleigli. he, E. S. S. Woodgate; Misses
Mansell,
Wrotham
; E. J. W. Stratford.
Game
Bantams.1, VV. S. Marsh, jun. 2, E. F. Wells.
8, A. J. B. B. Hope,
M.P., Bcdgebury Park,
he, E. J. W. Stratford,
c, T. W. E. Here, Tunbridge ;
J. Burch, Canterbury.
"

"

"

"

Bantams." ^"j/ varietii,exeeptinfj Game."l, Master

G. Ramsden.
Asburst.
2, J. S. Crundwell.
c. Miss E. J. N. Hawker. Wvdiffc, Tunbridge Wells.
Dvcse." Aylesbury."1 and 2, W. Jacob,
he, Gr. W. Greenhill. Bouen."l, F.

"1, T. S. Fetch.
2, J. Fox.
Babbits."
Lop-eared Buclc.-l, J. Fletcher, Hull.
Pair
Doc."l
and 2, J. Fletcher.
Any other Variety." I,E. Walker.

The

Judges

Bawtry,and

Mr.

were

Mr. George

Edwin

Newbitt, London

aud

House, Epworth,

SHOW.

POULTRY

Exhibition of

Wednesday

2, P. Ashton.
Lop-eared
P. Ashton.
2, H. J. Tomlmson,

2, T. McLellan.

Pashby,Charlotte Street,Hull.

GUERNSEY
An

Lop-cared"1,

Militia Crescent
on
inst. The Show was
Islands, but in consetjnonce

took place at the

poulti-y
Thursday,the 20th and 21st

open to the United

of the short notice

Kingdom

and
givenof the

Channel

in EngExhibition,poultry-fanciers
land

Islands had it all to

the Channel
did not exhibit,
consequently
themselves.
There were
upwards of two hundred pens of poultry,
sixtyof
On the
Geese, and Ducks.
as well as several pens of Turkeys,
Pigeons,
kind
in the
that
this
the
first
Show
of
such
a
was
whole, considering

Island,it may
attach

and we beg now

be looked upon
to
as most
successful,
The
of the Show.
markable.
were
nothing retSpaiiifh
with a fair
took the firstprize
Kobin, of Jersey,

small summary
Mr. L. S.

pen ; Mr. Kails,of Guernsey,a second. Andalusians were also very fair^
in the class with a very neat pen ;
the firstprize
oft'
Mr.Hutton carrying
nice bird.
Mr.
of the Castle,
the cock was
a
Spencer,
particularly
Guernsey,was awarded the first prizein the Dorkingclass,and a rare
the first and
also
of
the
Rev.
T.
were
Bell,
taking
;
Guernsey,
pen they
second for chickens of 1871, two excellent pens of birds,and fitto
show.
The
exhibit at any
Game
classes were
very strong, and
this splendidbreed was
nobly represented. Mr. Voisin, of Jersey,
took the first prizefor Black Reds over one year, closely
pressedby Mr.
Hutcheson, of Guernsey,who was awarded the second prize. Both
sey,
In chickens of this year, Mr. Davey,ofGuernhad excellent Bpecimeoa.
In
with two tirsfc-olass
carried off both firstand second prizes
pens.
Reds over one year Lieut-Col. Gnorin, of Gnemsey, received tho
Brown
with
Colonel Bell, also of Guernsey, took tho firstpi"izo
in tho Exhibition.
chickens,and the silvercup for the best pen of poultry

and
firstprize,

28. 1371. J

December

;
'

i
'

AND

HORTICULTURE

OF

JOURNitii

pen
The Judge iu awarding the prizeremarked that it was a splendid
Mr. Brouard,
were
Bondans
The
of birds."
admirablyrepresented,
of Guernsey, beingErst,and Mr. Da Faye, of Jersey,second. Messrs.
commended; althongh
Le Mottee, Kinneraley,Gaerin, and Boll were
must add pen lOS, Mr. Dobree'a birds wore
very fine specimens.
we
As for the rest of the Exhibition there is littleto add with reference to
of
Mr.
Guernsey, exhibited
in
the
Carre,
it,exceptthat
SellimiClass,
some
remarkablynice birds,as also the Rev. T. Bell. The Fkjeons
also very good.
SPANisH."Uiacfc." 1,L. S. Kobln, Jersey. 2,"W. V. EaUa, Catol. c, G. De Faye,

were
'

Jersey;

E. G. Musson.

MiNoRCAS."

2, li. DeFaye.

"

And,\xusians."
1, T. B. Hatton, Candie. 2, W. H. Tozer, St. Sampson's, he,
E. Tomkins, Jersey, c, S. Bishop, Kohfiis.
DoEKiNGs."
1,H. Speacei, TlieOaatlo. 2, Rev. T. Bell, Tlie Vale. Chickens
"1
and
2,Rev. T.Bell.
Cuckoo." 3, T. B. LePai^e. Chickens." 2,A. Helyar, Croutes.
Jersey.
Cochins." J5u#."1, B. L. Vos, Nashville. Chickens." I, J. Downmjr.
2. J. D(i Gruchy, Jan., Jersev.
Partridge," 1,W. T. Kinnersley. 2, L. S. Kobm.
he, W. T. Kmnersley.
Les Cotils.
Chickens" 1 and 2, Miss E. 'Tnppcr,
ChicJcem."
Candie.
Brahmas."
Da r/c."l,L. S. Robin.
2. Miss C. B. Carey,
Chickens" 1,E. Guerm.
1 and
T. W. Cluett.
E.
",

"

_,

,^

",

2,
Mesaervy, Jersey. Light."1,
2, J. De Grachy, jun.
he, J. Davey,
Game." BZdcfc Red." I, J. Voxsin, Jersev.
2, F. P. Hutcheson.
Chielcens"l and 2, J. Davey.
Col. Miller, Kilburn.
Gravees. c, J. Downing;
Bed."l, Lieut.-Col.
Sheppard. Brown
c, F. P. Hutcheson
; Dr. C. Crewe
; Dr.
Chickens."
1,J.
Gueriu. Dackwing."l, G. W. Wood.
2,Lieut. Col. J. Guerin.
Pile." I, J. H. Carre.
3. S. Cooper, he, G. Rose; G.
Davey. 2, W. Hancock.
,

.^

COTTAGE

517

GARDENER.

The
takes both cup and money.
cups and medals were
Messrs. Hamilton
" Inches, jewellers,
Edinburgh, and

furnished
were

by
greatly

cellent,
admired, beingof solid silver. The Show, as a whole,was trulyexand seldom,if ever, has such a fine selection of birds been
into
the
It
be
merits
of
all
to enter
impossible
brnoghttogether. would

to onlya
prizebirds,and we must content ourselves by alluding
A very fine specimen of the Coloured
of the principal
pens.
"; Jefferson,
Gunson
cockerel Dorkings,the property of Messrs.
Whitehaven, obtained the first prizein that class. In the class for
Meigle,carried off the first prizewith a pair
pnlletsMr. D. Gellatly,
of finely-marked
specimens. Mr. Will was firstwith a Coloured cock
in Class 3, and Mr, D. Gellatly,Meigle, was
again to the fore in
tained
obClass 4. For the Silver Dorking cockerels Mr. Raines,Stirling,
the first award with a specimenhavinghighgeneral
qualities.
awarded the first prizein that class.
Mr. Will's Cochin was
deservedly
of
The Game
birds were, however, by far the most attractive portion
the Exhibition, and they were
trulya fine lot throughout.Mr.
and beautifullyEletcher took the first prizewith a very finely-shaped
marked cock. Mr. Fletcher again led the way with a' very pretty
Mr. Hariey,Edinburgh,was firstin the hen class with
pen of pullets.
The show
of almost faultless colour.
a hen of beautiful shape and
the best
at even
of Ducks was
rather above what is commonly seen
shows. They are largeheavy birds. The Shelldrakes,Carolinas,
and
most
elicited
other
were
attractive,
and
Ducks,
Muscovies,
fancy
also did the Golden
Pheasants. The
as
generalmarks of attention,
also very interesting,
classes of Bantanis
were
being divided into
air commanded
seventy-eight
pens, and from their neat and sprightly
a very largeshare of attention.

the
few

Best
Pen* op Fowls
1 and Cup, Col. W. Bell, 2, J. Hamley,
ik Exhibition."
St. Sampson's.
Malays."
1, J. Dowaine. Jersey. 2,J. Le Rossignol. he. Col. Miller.
Ha-jibvrg-ss." Pencilled." 1, J. De Gruchy. jun. Chickens." 1 and 2, J. De
Gruchy, jun. c, E. TomkinB, Jersey. Spangled." % G. De Faye. Chickens." 1,
A. Sheppard. 2, G. De Faye.
Gunson
" Jefferson.
Dorkings
2, D. Gellatly, 8"
Cocfcercl.-l,
(Coloured)."
and 2, F. Alban, Vrangue.
c, J. Carre; J. Le
Po-LAVDii."SUver-spangled.-l
Pullets." \,D. Gellatly. 2, J. Fotherinttham.
3, J. Glessall.
J. Fotherinsham.
tF/""eRoasignol. Golden-spangled."
1, J. Le Rossignol. 2, J. Downing,
T. Raines; J. H. Wilson.
Cock."l and
he, Kev. E. Bai-trum; Mrs. M'Donald;
CrestedBlaok."l,F.Albim. 2. G. De Faye.
Gunson
" Jefferson.
J. W. Will.
3, J. Gibson,
he, H. Eeldon; T.
Cup,
2,
HoTjDANs." 1.
2, G. De Faye.
vhe,J. Le Mottee,
W.
H.
"
G.
A.
Perrin.
Brouard, Millbrook.
D.
Hcns.~l
and Cup,
Kaiues.
Gellatly. 2,
3, Hon. J.
Lieut.Col.
Bell,Swissville.
L.S.Robin,
W
.
J.
Vauquiedor. /ic,
c,
Kinneraley;
Massey. he, A. Haggart ; W. W. Ruttlidge; J. White ; J. W. Will.
"3ol.Guerin.
Coc/i'cre^- 1, T. Raines.
Dorkings
2, J. H. Macnab.
S, J.
(Silver-Grey).Creve-Cceue." 1, L. S, Robin. 2, G. De Faye. he,Miss E. Tupper. c. Col.
Pullets "1, J. TurnCurror.
he,D. Hardie ; Earl of Haddington ; T. Raines.
Bell.
R. Smalley; A.
hull. 2, R. Smalley.
he, Capt. Downman;
3, J. Cunningham,
La Fleche."
2. G. De Faye.
J.
Cun-or.
TurnbuU.
Hens."
1, L. S. Robin.
Macnab.
J.
H.
M. Sanderson.
3,
Coek."\, J.
2,
Any
Variety."
other
2, W. T. KinnerEley.
1,L. S. Robin.
1, J. H. Macnab.
2, D. Annan.
S,W. W. Ruttlidge. /tc.W. Christie; T. Raines.
Game
7iC,N. Abererombie ; J.
Bantams."
1 and
2. N. Abercrombie, Jersey.
Cochins
(Cinnamon and Baff)." CocfctTcL" 1 and Cup, J. W. Will. 2,J. Sichel.
Le Bas3,Jersey, c, J. Le Rossignol. Any other Variety." 1. J. B. Carey, St.
PuUets."l, E. Fearon.
2, J.
he, H. Lloyd, jiin.; E. Leech.
3, J. Pollock,
Helens.
H. " G. A.
Sichel.
dieFleming ; Capt. Downman
; W.
he, Brown
3, H. White,
Turkeys.- 1, H. Spencer. 2, Rev. T. Bell.
Perrin ; J. W. Will.
hc,S
Cocfc."l, H. Lloyd, jun. 2, H. Lacy. 3, J. Sichel.
Geese." 1,J. Talbot.
H.
T
B.
Falla.
2,
he,
Lloyd jun.
Tomlinson.
Hcns."l
and 2, H. Lacy.
3, Mrs. Wilkin,
DvcKs." Aylesbury."
I, F. Gosselin. Springfield.2 and c, G. Payne, CoutanCocfcereior Coek."l, H. Lacy (Partridge).2,
Cochins
(Any ether variety)."
cbez. i;^3ue;i."
1, J. L. Hocai-t. 2, Mrs. H. Hubert. Any other Variety." 1, J.
(White), c, E.
J. Sichel (White). 3. H. Lloyd, jun. (Partridge),he, E. Fearon
Le Rossignol. 2, Miss C. B. Carey,
Hiss L.R. Hocart.
c, J. B.Carey.
Pullets or He7is."1, J. Sichel
/tc,
Leech.
(White). 2, R. SmaUey (White). 8, E.
GuikeaFoa^tls.- 1, E.L. Vo3.
Fearon
(White), he,3. W. Will.
-,",
Hauteville.
J.
A.
and
2.
Carr",
Selling Class for
Coelcerel"l
or
Game.
-Coefc
Brahmas
2,Mrs. Gillison,
(D ark}." Cocfce re ^-1, Hon. Mrs. A. B. Hamilton.
hc.G.
Hens
or Pullets."
1, J. A. Carre.
Balsam:
Dr. Crewe,
c. F. Gosselin.
R.Brownlie; Mrs. Gillison; Mrs.
3, R. Brownlie.
P.Campbell;
ftc.D.Annan:
c, Dr. Crewe;
J. B. Carey ; E.Messervy.
2, Rev. T. Bell, v/ic,W. V. Ralls, /tc,
/ic,R.
WUtin.
Pui?",'is."1 and Cup, H. Lacy.
2, Mrs. GUlison.
3, J. W. Will,
J. De Gruchy, jun. ; Mrs. Elliott.
Coek."
c, H. Lacy ; H. B. Smith.
Ero^vnlie ; T. Raines
; H. S. G. Stephenson,
T.
Col. Faunce
; Rev.
SellingClass."
Hens.
2, Rev. T. Bell. 7ic,
1, E. Messervy.
he, J. Cowman.
2, H. Lacy. 3, R. Brownlie.
^1 and Cup, T. F. Ansdell.
Bell ; J. D. B. Dobree.
W.
G.
T.
Raines
c, W. A. Hendy.
"1
and 3, H. Lacy.
;
Mulligan ;
2, T. F. Ansdell. he,E. Leech
;
Pheasants.- 1, G. De Jersey. 2, Mrs. Rogers, Les Godames.
J. Sichel.
c, J. Kiddell.
Brahmas
2, Capt. Downman.
(LishtU"CockerelorCock"l, J. R. Rodbard.
PIGEONS.
Pullets or Hens."
J. R. Rodbard,
Hamilton.
Hon.
R.
B.
Mrs.
ly
Pouters.Harvey,
G,
H.
Le
3,
he,
Vos.
J.
RossiRHol.
2,
1,
Tumblers."
2,J. Beech.
3, J. Pares.
1,J. A. De La Mare.
2, Col. Gordon.
rcl."l and Cup, H. Beldon.
3, A. Shepherd,
SPANISH.Co c/i.-(
2, W. Paterson.
Bakes,- 1, J. Le Rossignol. 2. J. H. Hardy.
J.
J. Thresh;
Miss
Hon.
Miss
D. Pennant;
Wilson;
he, A, Glendinning:
Jacobins.1,J. De La Mare.
2, W. James.
Miss
D. Pennant.
" Gliddon.
2, Hon.
Walker.
Pullets.
8, J,
1, Boulton
Fantails.1, D. DeMouilpied.
2,
Walker,
Coek."l, Hon. Miss D. Pennant.
Owls."
he, A. G. Mollims; J. Thresh.
1, J. A. De La Mare.
2, J. M. Reilly.c, Miss E. Tupper ; J. Hardy ; J.
and
Thresh.
H.
Beldon.
1
J.
Hens."
Mrs.
H.
Lane.
R,
Cup,
2,
3,
Waugh.
Le Rossignol.
he, R. Somerville (2); J. H. Wilson.
3, Hon. Miss D. Pennant,
Carriers."
2, J. E. Paint.
1, J. A. De La Mara.
2 aud 3, J. Sichel.
he,
French
Fo-wLs."Cockerel or Coek."l, W. R. Park.
Trumpeters."
1 and
2. P. J. De Carteret, Jersey.
2. J. Sichel.
W. O. Quibell. Pullets or Hens."l, W- R. Park.
3, J. J. Maiden.
Ant\\'erps
"1, H. A. Chick,
2, W. Ferguson.
Coc/cerel or Coek."l, S. ifeR. Ashton,
2,H,
Hamburghs
Kmnersley.
(Golden-spangled)."
Runts."
c, Mrs.
1,2. and c, Lieut.-Col. Guerin.
Pullets
E.
T.
J.
W.
Will.
A.
Dickson
Beldon.
W.
R.
Gardom;
;
;(c,
Hyde.
3,
Any
Variety."
other
1, E. Cadie (Blue Swallows). 2,J.L. Cadic (Suabians),
or
Hem."l
and Cup, J. Rollinson.
he, R.
3, E. T. Gardom.
2, H. Eeldon.
CAGE
BIRDS.
Dickson.
,
Any other Variety."
CiNARtES.- Be/gmn." 1, Mrs. Piiie. 2, J. Hennessy.
l and
and
Cocfcerel or Cock.
Cup, Ashton
Hamburghs
(Silver-spangled)."
Henness
y.
2, Miss Layard.
Cocfc."1,Miss Layard. 2, Mrs. Pii-ie. 3, JBooth.
he, 3. M. Campbell ; R. Mackie ; W. R.
2, H. Beldon.
b, W. M'Intosh.
Gi iLBFiNCHEs.1, Mrs. Ramos.
2,Lady Carey, The Cottage.
" Booth.
Wilson.
Pullets or Hens."l, Ashton
Park,
3, H. Adams.
c. Miss
Linnets."
i,Mrs. Hutton, Candie.
2, Mi-s. Randell.
he, R. Cunningham.
3, W. R. Park,
Mules."
1,G. Cochrane.
2, Miss Layard.
Cocfecret or Coek."l, J, Walker.
don.
Hamburghs
2,H, Bel(Golden-pencilled)."
Parrots." 1, Miss M. Le Messurier.
2, Br.md.
and
J. W. Will. Pullets or Hens."l
he, J. Armstrong;
3, R. Dickson,
Cockatoo." 1, Capt.Lenfestey. 2, Mrs. De Grellier.
2. W. R. Park.
3, J. Walker.
Cup, H. Beldon.
Foreign." I, Mrs. Pirie. 2. Mrs. Ramos
(Cardinal).
W.
smd
M.
Mann,
o
r
Cock."l
Cocfce^-ei
Cup,
Hamburghs
(Silver-pencilled)."
British,- 1,Mrs. Ramos
(Bullfinch). 2, Mrs. Reilly (Redpolea.)
H.
Beldon.
or
Tankerville.
Pullets
of
2,
Hcns."l,
2. H. Beldon.
3, Countess
W. M. Mann.
of Tankerville.
S, Countess
Mr. Jones,of Fulham was the Judge.
Hamburghs
(Black)." Cocfcerei or Coek."l, Rev. W. Serjeantson. 2, H.
Pullets or Hen^."l, C. Sidgwick.
Beldon.
he. Miss Wilson.
S, C. Parsons,
2, Rev. W. Sertjeantson.
3, H. Beldon.
SCOTTISH
METROPOLITAN
POULTRY
SHOW.
2, J. Forsyth;
Game
(Black-breasted Reds)." CoctereZ.- 1 and 3, J. Fletcher.
Pullet." 1, J. Fletcher, 2, W. H. L. Clare.
3, D. Hariey. he,
he, W. Pearson.
the
first
held
ScottishMetropolitan
on SaturThis,
PoultryShow, was
C. W. Brierley. Cocfc." 1 and Cup, J. Fletcher.
3, W. H. and
2, J. H. Wilson.
and Cup, D. Hariey.
Hen."1
hall on the grounds G. A. Perrin.
he, J. Dick ; J. Forsyth ; J. Fletcher.
"day,Monday, and Tuesdaylast in a commodious
he, J. Forsyth ; D. Hariey.
3, J. Fletcher,
tings 2, J. H. Wilson.
"cf the Royal Gymnasium, Edinburgh. The arrangements and fitJ. Wood,
Coc/i;ereZ."l,
Black-breasted)."
Game
(Brown and other Reds, except
in every part of the hall were
of the most complete description,
PuiZei." 1,W.Beai'park.
E. Mann.
2,
2, E.Aykroyd. 8. C. W. Brierley. i?/ic,
Cocfc." 1 and Cup, E. Aykroyd.
J. Fletcher.
c. C. W. Brierley.
3, J. Woodthe pens for the various classes of bii-dshavingbeen excellently
ranged
arHen"1
and Cup, C. W,
lie,J. H. Wilson.
2, C. W. Brierley. S, J. Fletcher,
at a proper elevation,
that theycould be inspected
without
so
he, E. Mann.
Brierley. 2, J. Wood.
3, H. M. Julian,
The decorations around
the hall were
the least difficulty.
of tasteful
C. W. Brierley. 2 and S, D. Hariey
Game
(Any other variBty).-Cockerel."l,
2, C. W.
1, E. Ayki-oyd (Duckwing).
with several appropriate
mottoes.
interspersed
"designs,
Everything, (Duckwing). v/ic,W. Nelson. A. JPiUZetCocfc." 1,2.and Cup,
(Duck-^-ing).
n/ic, S. Brewster
Brierley. 3, J. Fletcher,
the
utmost
had
been
taken
that
for
the
betokened
care
indeed,
he, J. Fletcher ;
C. W. Brierley. 3, H. M. Julian (Duckwing). vhc, J. Fletcher,
"5omfort of the birds.
That the entries numbered
upwards of eight D. Hariey (Duckwing) ; J. W. Will. Hen."1 and Cup, C. W. Brierley. 2 and
hundred
this the firstoccasion of such an Exhibition is not a little 3, D. Hariey (Duckwinc). he, H. M. Julian (Duckwing).
on
he. Parsons
" Wilson
Polish."
3, G. W. Eoothby.
1,2, and Cup, H. Eeldon.
of interest attaches
and shows that a very greatamount
remarliabie,
(Golden): W. Silvester (Golden): A. Wylie (Silver); T. Waddington.
"We may
to exhibitions of this description.
state that the general
Any
other
Variety."
1,J. Bell (White Dorking). 2, W. Gibb (Scotch Grey).
Waldie
Sichel
E.
J.
D.
W.
B.
(Scotch
Loft
Mackay
(Sultan);
;
/ic,
8,
made
under
(Sultan),
the able superintendence
of Mr.
arrangements were
Grey).
J. M. D. Brown, while Mr. George Billett,
of Southampton,
attended
Ducks
2, E. Leech.
8, A.
{White Aylesbui'y). !" H. S. G. Stephenson.
Robertson.
to the "naturalist" department,and it is not too much to say that
2. D. Hardie.
Ducks."
7ia"cn."l
and Cup, A, Dickinson.
3, G. W. MuUigan.
"bothgentlemen performedtheii*duties in the most satisfactory
manner.
Aii}/ other varietii."l,C, W. Brierley. 2, W. Binns
darin).
(Manvhc, H. B. Smith.
We may
also state that the prizesamounted
to "400, and, although
(Carolina),he, H. B. Smith (Fancy).
8, H. S. G. Stejihenson
Geese."
it is usual in such cases
elsewhere when a bird is awarded a first
3, D. Hardie.
1, Rev. G. Hustler.
2, E. Leech.
Turkeys."
1 and Cup, Mrs. Houldsworth.
2, Earl of Haddington. 3, Miss
is withheld and
should it be a cup with money added,the money
prize,
Stenhouse.
onlythe cup given,at this Exhibition the winner of the firstprize Game Bantams (Black-breastedReds).- 1 and Cup, G. Hall. 2, J. W. Morris
_

..."

"

^^,

,,

"

"

-r

"

rr

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

JOURNAL

518

OF

HOBTICULTURE

" Walker ; H. J. Nicolson; "W.Robinson;

T,
3. G. Maples, inn, Ac, J. Gow
Eaines; T. Sharpies; J. "W. WilL
Game
Bantams
(Brown-breasted Reds)."!,J. Dick.
2, G. Hall. 3, Misa J. M.
Frew.
Game
Bantams
(Anv other varietv)."! and Cup, G. Hall (Duckwing). 2. Rev.
F. Cooper (Dnckwing). 8, J. Gew
Cock."
" Walker
(Pile), he, G. M'Millan.
1, J. W. Morris.
he, J. M. Campbell ; Miss Wilson.
2, J. Clark.
8, D. Hardie.
Bantaus
(Any other variety except Game)." 1 and Cop, W. H. Robinson
A. Frew
(Black). 2, J. Sickel (Pefcin). 3, Master
{Silver-laced Sebri^hts).
4,
Countess
of Tankerville
(White Frizzled Japanese). 5, C. Reed (White Rosecomb), he. H. Beldon ; G. W. Boothby (Silver-laced)
; T. Waddington (Black);
C. Reed
(Black Rose-comb).
Selling
Cocfc or
Class."
Cockerel."!, J. Sichel (BnIT Cochin). 2, C. W,
Brierley. 8, J. Clark (Dorking), 4, C. SidRwick (Cochin), he, E, Fearon ; P.
J.
Clark (Dorking) ; Capt. G. F. Lvm.
R.N. ; W. Linton ; J. ManseU
;
Gray
T.
Mason
(Spanish) ;
(Game) ; W. R. Park (Creve-Cosnr) : J. Oldfleld ; Mrs. T. S.
.T. H.
Thomson
Wilson
Will; A. Robertson
(Brahma);
(Dorking); J. W.
(Spanish). 3.
(Spanish), Hens or Pullets" T,G.W.BTieTlej.
3, A. Robertson
W, Grice (Game).
4, J. J. Waller
(ScotchGrey) ;
(Dorking), he, J, Chapman
E, Fearon
W. Ruttlidge(Dorking); J. Sichel (Buff
; Capt. G. F. Lyon, R.N. ; W.
Wilkin
Mrs.
Cochin);
(Brahma).
Pheasants."
of Tankerville
(Gold).
(Gold). 2, Conntess
1, J. F. Dewar

AND

COTTAGE

[ December

GARDENER.

28,187L

the

birds of several exhibitors unjustly. If "Faieplat"

had
not have written a letter more
calculated to hurt our
I have not the slightest
hesitationin saying,that whoever
he is, he has no Ibnowledge
of the subjectwhich
he professes
to
criticise. I will take
Faieplat's
statements seriatim.
he
Firstly,
says that Mr. T. Rule, myself,and Mr.
BlenMnsop were the originators
of onr Society
to do with
; this is incorrect. Mr. Rule had nothing
the formation of our
and was
not elected a member
until the
Society,
3rd March, 1871 ; the Society
formed on 28th January,by Messrs.
was
T. W.
N. Dnnn, H.
Kilbam, J. Pringle,
0. Blenkinsop,
W.
R.
and myself. Now
I must
enter upon a subject
which I
Blenkinsop,
would willingly
have avoided, but cannot in justice
to Mr. Jones.
Faieplay
the best in the
says that Mr. Rule's Trumpeterswere
Exhibition,and ought to have won the cup, first,
and second prizes
instead of beingpassed over.
Now theywere not passedover ; allfour
ticketed
trimmed," havingbeen clippedin
pens were
Disqualified,
front of the crest to make that look larger
and better-formed. I am very
The
Mr. Richard Teebay, Fulwood, near
Preston,
Judges were
sorry to have to state this,and had passedit over in my account to you,
and Mr, John Douglas, The Aviaries,Clamber, Worksop.
but as you published Fajeplay's
statement,you must in fairness
Faieplay"
trimmed
publishmine. In case
may
say that the
cards
I beg to say they
were
not up when he wrote his criticism,
DURHAM
SHOW.
POULTRY
"
Faieplay
were
alludes to the sale by auction of some
up, because
This was
held on
the 20th and 21st inst.,
when the followingbirds which
did not take placeuntil longafter the cards were put up.
awards were
made :
As to
of no
Faieplay's
statement
that my Trumpeterswere
Cochin-chinas
and Buff)."1, C. SideTrick, Keighley.
(Cinnamon
3, T. H.
merit,I beg to say that the cup bird was goodenough to beat Mr.
Redman.
Whitby.
1,and 2, G. H, Procter, Durham.
Chiekens."Cu^,
castle.
Cochin-Chinas
(Any other variety)." 1, G. Calvert, DarlinRton. 2, J. Bell, P. H. Jones's celebrated pairof Blacks at the open Show at New-

tried,he could

ing
but
Society,

"

"

"

'

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

Tbirsk.
Brahma

"

Chickens."
Pootea."

Frosterly.
Brahma

I, C, Sidtrwick, 2, G, H Procter.
2, Mrs. Wilkinson, Bnnkleclale,
1, R. Shield, SwalweU.
Chickens.~l. T. Rutherford, Durham.
2, J. Stalker, Bedlinpton.
Chickens."
1 and Medal, T. Rutherford.
2, J. N. Lawson,

"

Pootba.,"

Now
coarse

Mr.

Rybope.
land.
1, J. White, Warlaby, Northallerton. 2. J. T. Proud, Bishop AuckChicketis."l, J. White.
2, W, Swann, Bedlington.
1, H. Wilkinson, Earby, Skipton, York.
2, G. Holmes, Driffield.
Chickem."l. H. Wilkinson.
2, J. Thresh.
Poland."
1, G. Speedy, Whitby. 2, J. T, Proud.
Chickens." 1,Bnglass and
Williamson, Carrville,Durham.
Louth.
2, G. W. Boothbv.
Game
and
(Black-breasted
other Reds)." 1, J. Gibson, Stanhope. 2, T. RobChickens." 1, J. Watson, Knaresbrough. 2, R, Sharp,
son,
Bishop Auckland.
Blyth.
Game
(Any other variety)." 1. L. Casson, Ulverstone. 2, J. Gibson.
Chickens.
"1, H. Martin,
2, L. Cassen, Ulverstone.
Hambdbghs
2. G. Speedv,
(Golden-spangledl."
1,G. " J. Duckworth, Church.
Chickens. "1, H. Pickles, jun.,Earby, Skipton,
Whitby.
2, W. Whitfield,

as to
the Jacobins. " Faieplay " calls Mr. Royds'Black a
bird and inferior to Mr. Waddington's.This is not the case.
bird
and Mr.
is one of the best Black Jacks in the fancy,
Royds'

DoEKiNG."

Waddington's,
thougha good

Spanish,"

low

Fence
Houses.
Hambdrghs
1 and 2, H. Pickles, jun. Chickens." 1 audi,
(Silver-spangled)."
H. Pickles.,iun.
Hamburghs
(Golden-pencilled).- 1, T. H. Redman,
Whitby. 2, G. Holmes.
Chickens." I,J. Webster, Whitby.
2, H. Pickles, jun.
Hamburghs
Chiekens."!, J.
and 2. H. Pickles, jun.
(Silver-pencilled)."!
Walker, Biistwith, Ripley. LeedsKpndal.
2, W. M. Mann.
Game
Bantam
(Black
Reds)." 1 and Cup, G. Hall, Kendal.
2, W. Dixon,
Sunderland.
3, W. A^iams, Ipswich,
Bantam
(Game).1, G. Hall.
2, G. Todd, Sunderland,
3, W. Adams.
Bantam
(Any other variety except Game)." 1, T. Waddington, Feniscowles,
Blackburn.
2, S, " R. Ashton, Mottram.
otheb
Ant
Variety
"1, J. Elgar.Newark.
Harbour.
2, R. Hawkins, Seaham
Ducks
(Rouen)." 1, H. Simpson. Pyclose, Frosterley. 2, R, Gladstone,
jun.,
Liverpool, (Aylesbury), 1. W. Sfonehouse, Whitby.
2, T. P. Carver, Langthorpe. Borough bridge, (Any other Variety)."
1, J, J. Waller,Kendal.
2, J. A.
Smith, Durham.
Selling
Class,"
1, G. H, Procter, Durham.
2, J, P. Fawcett,Whitby,
"

PIGEONS.
Carriers
DuTf am.

(Black'." Cocfca." Medal.

H. Yardley, Birmingham.
2. A. Brown,
1,T. Waddington, Feniscowles, Blackburn.
2, T. Sanderson,

enough

for

Mr. Rule's Red

Baldhead

hen

and cut very low,

bird is short in frill,
In Red Jacks, Faieplay
says
"

"

Tumbler.

she
had the first prize.Very likely
the
the same
as
have been trimmed

oughtto have

ought,but she happened to

Trumpeters,and had the trimmed

card fixed on her pen instead.

bird winning
the Carrier classes,"Faieplay"
says the Dun
first ought to have had
the cup, and
was
so
young that its sex
could not be ascertained.
How
does he know this ? The bird is
entered
by itsowner
as
a
cock, and I suppose he ought to know.
What
Mr.
E. E. M.
he states "That
when
"Faieplay"
means
Royds showed in the Jacobin classes several old birds which were
He
admitted by telegram,"I am at a loss to know.
says further,
of
but not before Mr. Jones had judgedthem ; in any case none
Now
birds clearly
them had a chance, the young
beating them."
tion
direcMr.
under
his
and
birds,
Royds' brother accompanied
my
and they were
in mistake),
he took out all his old birds (brought
not put back until long after the judgingwas
finished,and were
In

"

"
ticketed
not
than the
worse

for

competition."Whether

they

were

better

or-

birds shown
has nothing to do with the subject
discussion,only I should not like to have to compete with
W.
birds againstthem.
B. Van Haansbergen, Son. Sec.
young
Northern Colmabarian Society.
young

under

"

insert
[We readily
reply. Ens.]

the

and
foregoing,

we

shall decline inserting

any

"

Hens."

Stanhope.
Carriers

Ormskirk,

(Any other

G.
colour)."!,

W.

LUbum,

Sunderland.

2,E. C. Stretch

BEES

NOT

FRUIT-KOBBERS"

LIGURIANS.

N.B.

on
T. Rule, Durham.
I HATE
read with interest the aooounts of " J. R. S.
2. E. T. Dew, West onHeris."l, E. T. Dew.
2. W. Rowell, Clougb Dean, Bumopfleld.
snper-Mare.
to
and I much
the
insecta of onr
Pouters
(Any other colour)." 1,A. Frame, Lark Hall, Lanarkshire.
2, G. J.
I do not ^ow
these.
find him
the
bee
Taylor, Fartown, Huddersfield.
Tumblers
J.
Cocfcs."Medal,
J.
M.
(Almonds)."
2, Fielding,
Braid,Cambridge.
stroying
and dewhere he obtained the information of bees
He/is," 1, E. T. Dew.
jun,, Rochdale,
2, J. Ford, London.
Tumblers
after considerable
but I can
(Any other colour).- 1, G. J. Taylor. 2, W. R. " H. 0, Blenkinsop,
Newcastle.
I
fruit.
knew them to attack sound
that I never
with
Barbs."
Cocfc","Medal,T. Waddington. 2, W. E. Easten, Hull. Eem."l,
2 G. J. Tavlor,
T, Waddington,
them
the thousand
have seen
on
Trumpeters
(Mottled)."Medal, T, Rule.
lilbum, Sunderland.
2, G. W.
I have seen
them meddle with fresh ones.
but I never
saw
(Any other colour)."!,W. H. C. Gates, Besthorpe, Newark.
2, T. Rale.
to act
Fantails
(White).- Medal, J. Gault, Kilbimle.
2, J. Walker, Newark.
on
"o., but
(Any them
other colour)." 1, H. Yardley. 2, T. Rule.
after the
and it was
in this
as
scavengers
Jacobins
(Red)." 1,W, Massey, Spalding.
2, T. Rule.
(Any other colour).such
as
other
R.
G.
Medal, G. Roper, Croydon,
broken
Sanders, Leven, Beverley.
2,
skin iad been
some
TuRBiTS
(Blue)."!, J. G. Dunn, Newcastle.
(Any other colour)." Medal and 2,
I have
interfered with them.
that
and
ever
W. Croft, Killinghall.Ripley.
refused
and
fresh fruit to
2, J. Fielding,
jun. (English). even
OwL8(Foreign)." Medal, J. Stanley,Blackburn.
"1. J. Chadwick, Bolton.
2, J. Thresh, Bradford,
to eat
state
bnt fruit in a
Tumblers
E. C. Stretch. 2, R. G. Teebay, Latham, Ormskirk.
(Long-faced)."!,
our
war
before
I
Balds
W. H. C. Gates.
oe Beards."!,
2,J. Donkin, Newcastle.
are
himself and others that
he will
Nuns."
1, W. Bearpark, Northallerton.
2, W. Croft.
in the firstinstance.
Magpies."!, W. Kitchen.
2, W. C. Dawson.
the
Dragoons."
1,F. Graham, South Birkenhead. 2, W. Reddihough, Kelbrook
hole in the
Pouters

(Bine)."Cocfc"." Medal,

predatory
placing
fruit,
bees,

testify,
yet

C,"
regret

attacking
experience

damaged Strawberries,
by
yet
they appeared
Peaches,Pears,Plums,
only
respect,
merely
earwigs
insect,
by
Nay,
they
beetles,
it,
they always
them,
presented
they appeared
half-decomposed
against
waging
greedily. hope, therefore,
they
satisfy
favourites,
depredators
really
rightposition
As to their destroyingflowers by boringa
Coloe.
Antwerps."
1, H. Yardley. 2, W. H. Mitchell,
Moseley, Birmingham.
to enable them to rifle the flower of its treasures,although
Any
Variety.Medal, T. WaddiuRton.
2, W. C. Dawson.
in
evidence
I
must
also
mooted
give
I have heard it
my
before,
Selling
Class.1, R, Anderson, Newcastle.
2, A, Frame.
3, J. Cundle,
I
Copt Bewick, Ripon. 4, W, Ei. " H. O. Blenkinsop. c, M. Ord.
this respectrather contrary to that of your correspondent.
Judges.
Poultry:Mr. K. Teebay,Fnlwood, Preston. Pigeons: may mention, however, that I have not hitherto paid due
black
E.
or
Mr.
L. Corker, Croydon.
attention farther than I invariablyfind the common
of the bean
bee getting access
to the honey in the blossom
made, as I
through a hole at the base of the flower previously
NORTHERN
SOCIETY'S
SHOW.
COLUMBARIAN
either by some
insect,or, perhaps,a bee that had
suppose,
I CLAIM
the rightof reply to your
correspondent,
anoDymoTis
But it is very different with the
visited the flower before.
Faieplay,"because many of the statements made in his account of
Ligurian bee, for whilst the black gets access to the honey at
the Northern Columbarian Society's
Show
of Pigeonsat Newcastle-outhe
Tyne are untrue, and calculated to damage the interests of the the base of the flower,the Ligurian invariablyenters at
month of the blossom. So mark the differencein this respect
and to stultify
Society
the Judge,Mr. P. H. Jones,besides condemnother

honey

gardens,
amongst

"

"

December

28, 1871. ]

JOXJBNAL

HOBTIOULTUBE

OP

writers affirm there is no

the palm of
the two species,
restingwith the black bee, and Mr. Pettigrewin his
superiority
"
ever,
Handy Book of Bees," clingsto this opinion. I have, howfonnd fault with in pointingont his errors,
been already
the two varieties. Some
difference bat that of oolonr between

between

that I would leave that gentleman

and it might be conjectured
So I
alone,and cease to doubt the accuracy of his statement.
I as ignorant as the author of the " Handy Book "
would were
"
I say
is about the Italian bee.
ignorant,"because be asks
questionson the Italian bee, and repliesto them all in the
is in accordance with the
not
of
which
one
answers
negative,

AND

COTTAGE

519

GARDENER.]

It is but

since I doubted the accuracy of the

a short time
that two queens would exist for some
months tohive. I was
one
not long,however, in being convinced
of the fact,
under my notice ;
as several instances came
but since they were
all much
all
the
alike,and
support
theory
advanced by your esteemed correspondent," E. S." viz.,that
aged queens may be tolerated in a hive,I will mention but one
of them.
This will not only prove the existence of two queens,
but will give evidence of several other facts at the same
time.
The hive in the present case was that of an importedqueen
statement
getherin

"

in the

of 1867.
During the month of August, 1870, 1
and her bees into an empty hive,and in consequence
queen
of a little
of Lignrianbees,I will review
Before givingmy experience
feeding,and their own industry,it was soon
the abundance
of
Mr. Fettigrew's
chapteron that insect. He is bold enough to in a fit state to stand the winter. From
keepers,"
brood and young
bees which there were
in a month, I felt no
assert that his book is for the guidance of " inexperiencedbeesummer

facts.

put this

but I must
confess that it is only an attempt of the
in this chapter. Had he
blind to lead the blind,particularly
of these insects,
would have been able
stated his experience
we
to detect why he has given them
such a bad character ; but
in the dark as
as he has
not done this,it keeps us entirely
he ever
to whether
possessed an Italian bee. It must be
that
his objecthas
reads
the
chapter,
patent to everyone who
known
the qualities
of these bees,
Qot been so much
to make

anxietyabout my beautiful and prolific

queen, nor was I at all
alarmed in February,
when hundreds of young bees sportedon
and around the hive. Perhaps I was
not a littlevain,when in
the month
of March, many
drones made
their appearance,
for
this was not a case of drone-breeding,
I anxiously
as I was
sure

my

it has been to ridicule the English.

Mr. Fettigrew'sfirst question on the Ligurianbees
they flyfaster ? I will not here endeavour to state how

have from

as

is.Do
much

faster they do fly,but it is sufficientto say that their motions

when
workingare in the ratio of five to three of the blacks,and
in a race of a thousand
yards they are faster by about a quarter
of a minute.
His second question,
Do theycarry heavier loads ?
As
not be far wrong, but they carry equal to the blacks.
may
Do
to his third question.
four hives, of which two

looked for

that

an

of pure Italians,
having no doubt but
I had satisfiedmyselfa few days before that
to lay the numerous
bees. By this time
producedsuch lovely-coloured

theywere

earlyswarm
so.

alive,
and, thoughaged,able

queen
eggs which
I had determined
was

how
almost-yellowqueens I was to
many
this stock alone,but " the best-laid schemes
o' mice
from the hive a
men
day came
gang aft aglee,"and one
rush of bees,that did not possess such fine markings as they
ought. I was apprehensive,but why? Had I not just the
other day seen both queen
and workers ? And what need was
there to surmise when I could see no signsof hybrids? It was
and

tion
of
not possibleafter September to have a case of pure fertilisacase
when
there were
no
blacks,the
pure drones, these having been all
before
the
middle
I
allowed
of
So
on
an
laid,
destroyedlong
August.
to three hundred
daily,beginning matters to go on, believingthat I must have been deceived
average, two
eggs more
earlier and continuinglongerin the season.
His fourth question, with the colour of the last relayof young bees, and not until
Do their eggs become
of the
perfectbees sooner ? may not be faulty.one day in the beginning of May was I made fullyaware
His fifth and sixth questionsmay
thus.
fact that two queens had been livingtogetherfor nearlya year.
be answered
When
earlier
On
round
is
be
the
work
in
look
I
to
at
hives
taking a
had, not only are
Ligurians
honey
pickedup a beautifully
my
that had been thrown
the morning, but they are also later at work at night. This year, marked
out of the hive. This I
queen
when
took our
fourteen
knew to be my favourite one, but her shell only remained, as
bees to the heather, there were
we
the inside had been thoroughlycleaned
blacks to one Italian,
and whenever theywere letfree we started
out by insects.
My
"
first act after findingher was
the heather,"for nearlya mile,and there
the hive and see what
o'er the moor
to examine
amang
hundreds
of
bees
black
the
when
saw
I found another dead
visible; was
to my astonishment
was
Lignrian
long before a
result,
in fact,we never
jected
saw
any of the latter until we were half way on
queen, with her head in an empty queen cell. This one I subOn a visit to our bees some
time after,
the road home.
took
to post mortem
we
examination, and found her perfectly
a roundabout
tour, and nearlylost our way, and the thing fertilised. From the appearance of the hive it was clear that
that showed us our course
the colony was
when several miles distant,
the
was
tained
divided,because the one side of the hive conworker brood and eggs, whilst the other side had mostly
Ligurianbees in great numbers
unaccompanied by a single
black one.
The Liguriansare also the first to find out any new
drone brood with a few worker brood.
How
both queens came
flower or concealed honey. His seventh question,
to griefat the same
as to whether
time we can only conjecture.
thus
not only do they
they gathermore
My next objectwas to raise a young queen, and to be certain
honey,I can answer
that what I was
gather more
honey, but they produce it far finer,and more
going to raise should be pure, I removed all

they laymore
eggs ?
were
Liguriansand

In the

two

latterhaving the advantage in numbers, the former

"

highlyfiavoured.
they givethe

Wherever

these bees have been

introduced

this year, in the month

of
partiesreporting that the
May,
Ligurianswsre, on an average, 10 lbs.heavier than the blacks.
His eighth questionregarding their rate of breedingis soon
I had

same

and
satisfaction,

letters from

different

breed faster;
disposedof,for as they lay more
eggs they must
whilst his ninth questionwith regard to their swarming more,
is absurd.
not
but
their
They
only swarm
swarms
are
more,
he compares
the wasp
larger in proportion. When
to the
of the bee,we
can
only exclaim that be is a man
excellency
I hope,therefore,
preferringcolour to symmetry and usefulness.
for the benefit of your readers and of his own
honour, he
will giveus an account of his experiencewith the Ligurianbee.
We
shall then be able to understand why he has given them a

worker
inserted a frame
of comb
of undoubted
eggs, and
purityfrom another hive. Meanwhile the bees had already
commenced
of queen
cells containingdrone
to raise a number
What
not a chance like this !
a pity Mr. Pettigrewhad
eggs.
It would surelyhave satisfied him and refuted the absurd idea
that drone eggs are capableof being transformed
into queens.
One of these was rather singularin its construction ; instead of

being hung in its usual vertical way, it was nearly2 inches

long,and extended in a horizontal manner.
Notwithstanding
this extravaganceits occupant, as well as those of the rest,
As
emerged from the cell at the usual time as perfectdrones.
I had not a chance of enteringinto this subjectwhen
it was
Ust discussed by our
friend "A Devonshike
deeply-lamented
Bee-keepeb," I may, perhaps, be allowed now to express my
character theydo not deserve.
opinion on the matter,
Though the stingof the bee is so dreaded by many, I believe I say that no person who understands the nature and anatomy
imaginationhas much to do with the pain and e%il that of the honey bee,will advance the theorythat queens can be
follows in some
There are several instances which
Mr. Woodbury, in his last letter,
raised from drone eggs.
persons.
very
have come
under my
that make
often believe wiselyshowed where a mistake might arise with those who did
observation,
me
people are sometimes more
benefited by a stingthan otherwise. not fullyunderstand the nature of the hive and its occupants
I have found in hot sultry
weather, when it was difficultto viz.,that of the transitionary
cells,where a worker egg might
about without oppression,that a smart sting or two
move
There
be placedin the midst of the drone ones.
is,however,
caused me perspire
and to feel much
more
with conor
wards. another
in which the ignorant,
even
some
siderable
case
lighterafterfreely,
There is also another fact that may
be of some
portance,
imknowledge may be deceived,and it is that of the
and that is,in two differentcases of vaccination,
raised
resemblance
the
where
bees
in
queen-cells
;
hermaphrodite being
the patientshad been stung,the lymph had no effect,
that many
whilst
of these bees bear to the true worker in many
cases,
those vaccinated at the same
these
time, but not stung,did well. I perhaps, deceiving the apiarian. I have myself seen
have also known
from sores which, although hermaphrodites transformed
into queens, and but for some
persons suffering
painfulat the time,invariably
when stung healed soon after.
slightpart of the male, such as the antennce, or legbeing pro"

JOUENAL

520

HOETICULTUBE

OF

minent, I would have remained ignorantof their not being trne

The hermaphrodite bees,in many
instances,
approach
times
80 nearly to the one
sex, that not only is the bee-keepersomequeens.

AND

COTTAGE

I must
to

by

[ December

28, 1871.

my remarks on
winteringof bees,"leferted
J. Lowe.
W.," tilla future occasion.
"

resetve

B. "

"

GABDENEK.

"

The
are
in doubt.
cheated, but the insects themselves
OUR
LETTER
BOX.
hive that produced nothing but these comof one
pound
description
Our
Reports."
a bookseller writes thns to us,
I Bhoold add several
bees may be of interest. They were
produced in prodigioussubscribers to
my listif you could give a good and impartial critical report
numbers, and varied from the appearance of a perfect of allthe principalsbows in each county. There are complaints that the
These
drone to that of a worker.
singularbees carried pollen reports are written fortho great breeders,and when an amateur wins tie
fs quite ignored
in the ordinaryway, but I am
not
that
in largepellets
aware
the superlative. Our reports
[Of unjust charges the above is among
stored
inside
the
of the hive ; it appeared are
was
of
ever
pollen
any
who
the best judges, and as far as we
are
usually written by men
either to be dropped on the board or around the hive,and was
know, unbiassed. When correspondents favour us with reports we omit all
that we think esagcerated. It is quite impossible to notice every aaccesiwas
also of a
lying there in great quantities. Their hum
ful exhibitor,except in the prize list.)
I fullyintended to have secured this queen for
peculiarsound.
Preservtng
Bird Nets
on
[Bush). This was printed birds' nests
before I was
crushed
but the
it
"

"

"

examination,
owner,
aware,
between his fingerand thumb.
side of
I have,however, found queens with an ulcer on one
the spermathecabag, and I doubt not but it is through some
defect of this kind that these bees are
produced. Fertile
are raised in consequence
workers, on the other hand I believe,
with
of the bees supplying the larvs when
too far advanced
royalfood. These fertile workers are a great annoyance to the
bee-keeper,as they bring many a hive to ruin and dispelhis
hopes. They kill the fertilised queen, and the eggs put into a
hive which they ocenpy are invariablydestroyed.

that came
under my observation
I will describe the case of one
A friend brought me
this autumn.
a hive
of black bees
of being ligurianisedby introducingsome
for the purpose
eggs ; this I did from a healthyhive and with a pure queen.
and raised two
The bees of the black hive commenced
at once
cells,but in consequence of its being affected with foul
queen
brood none
of the queens
hatched,and only two of those in
One of these cells was
out.
a little convex,
worker cells came
the
and had almost
of a drone cell ; and although
appearance
I gave this hive a piece of brood comb
every third day for
nearly a fortnight,every egg and grub was always removed,
from
the hatching of the fertile
and in exactly four weeks
hatched. A Lanabkshike
worker, young Italian drones were
Bee-keeper.

"

"

page 500.
Leeds

are

Poultry

informed,

was

Show."
awarded

For Dorking chickens

the second prize, we
to Mr. J. White, Warlaby, and not to Mr. Kell,

of Wetherby.
Northern
Columeaeian
Society's Show,
We have received several
letters replying to " Fairplay's"
insert tbem.
criticisms,but we cannot
be a mere
It would
contest
of opinions. Mr. Justice,Salford,we are
formed,
intook the second prizes for Black and Any other coloured Jacobins
"

Tredegar
us

that

Poultry

Show,
Mr. Thomas
forms
May, Wolverhampton, ingained the second prize for Golden-spangled Hamburghs.

he

"

Plymouth
Poultry
Show
iWcstcrnman). We
Such proceedings must
put an
you send us.
No wonder
it was
unsuccessful.
We
shall make
exhibitors in time.
warn
"

Durham
to

tails
obliged by the deend to the exhibition.
further inquiries and

are

Show
who has written
{J.F, B.), You are not the only one
complain of the judging. Representations should be made to the
"

Committee.
Matching
Jacoeins
good coloured
(Captain). We have seen
very
Jacobins
bred from Blacks crossed by Reds, and their progeny, if two be
and
mated
of the same
colour,throwing back the other colour. Black
colours often produce a kind ol
yellow are not so good to cross
; these
"

strawberrycolour

at all worth

not

METEOROLOGICAL

having.
OBSERVATIONS.

Camden

Square, London.
N. ; Long. 0' 8' 0" W. ; Altitude 111 feet.

Lat. 51" 32' 40"

"

LAKGE

AND

SMALL

HIVES"

WINTERING

BEES.
The

and the wintering

size,form, and material of bee-domiciles,
of discussion
bees,are, and ever have been, fertile themes
that
even
amongst apiarians,so
bee-keepers,
practical
of
small
no
to
are
apt
get
experience,
perplexed
sometimes,
theories
amidst the many discordant opinions and distracting
from
time to time been propounded on
these
which have
subjects.
whether
small
hives
best
suited
to
In regard
are
large or
cultivation of the bee, it is
to the successful and economic
REMARKS.
20th. Deep roseate sky at sunrise,overcast by 9 a.m., rain at 10 a.m., and
refreshingto read such sound remarks as are appended to an
at intervals
all dny; fine evening.
Yes.
this head in last number
article on
by the Editors.
21st. Fine
clouded over, slight rain between
1 and
morning, but soon
alone decide what is fitting
in each case."
can
Circumstances
2 P.M.. and at intervals afterwards.
that a propitiousseason,
The experiencedcultivator well knows
22nd." Overcast, dark and foggy,wetting mist but no rain,fine at night.
out.
a rich pasturage,a strong and
vigorous colony, are the real 23rd." Dark and foggy morning, clearer after noon, but overcnst throughand according to the character of these
elements of prosperity,
24th." Fine morning, with bright sunshine
about noon, lunar halo from
must we be guided by the size of domicile used. Independently
7.55 to 8.20 P.M.
25th. Fair but overcast in the forenoon, slight rain began about 4 p.m.,
of these,it is a complete fallacyto suppose that bees can be
ani continued
at Intervals till9 p.m., fair till10 p.m., and steady
the
to
as
it
their
to
sweets
mere
forced,
according
augment
were,
rain till midnight.
In ordinarylocalities 26th.
or
whim, crotchet,
capriceof their owners.
Heavy rain until 5 A.M., slight until 7.30 a.m,, fair till evening,
if
we
must avoid extremes, both being equallyunsuitable,
at 7 p.m. ; a damp muggy
sharp shower
day.
and the groat dampstate of the slty,
ness
Owing to the generally overcast
far more
not injurious. A hive too small is certainly
damaging
of the atmosphere, the temperature this week
has been singularly
there is
too large. In the former case
to prosperitythan one
uniform, and though rather less than in the previous week, is stillnearly
insufficientspace for breeding,and, consequently,for storage 4" warmer
than usual. G. J. Symons,
the other hand, the capacityof the
of honey. In the latter,
on
hive beingbeyond the necessityof the case, it is generallyunfilled
GARDEN
MARKET."
December
27.
COVENT
with comb, and when
we
filled,
exceptionally,
rarelyget
the demand
hero
on
the exception of the influence of Christmas
With
that purestof honey which is stored in supers.
have nothing to report worth notice. The supply of everything but
W6
Apples and Pears is ample, the importations having been moderate from
is best. I
I have tried both extremes,and find a medium
and
Easter Bourrt
the Continent
lately,and confined to Glou Morreau
shall not say what that medium
must
is,because each locality
Potato trade heavy, with large stocks of inferior descriptions.
Pears.
determine
that according to the elements
I
of the prosperity
than once
I more
wintered bees in
have already indicated.
small hives,and found the results in every case most prejudicial.
The swarms
from
these
most
were
emanating
diminutive,and
the honey collected was, from inadequate
numbers, as well as
As a generalrule,I
inadequatespace, necessarily
very small.
might remark, that any hive which can be filled with comb in
two or three weeks
in summer,
of 4 lbs. or 5 lbs.
by a swarm
be considered a suitable-sized domicile
for an
weight, may
ordinarygood locality.Circumstances,however, vary so much
that experienceia alone the safestguide.
of

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