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Pile Foundation - Single Pile
Pile Foundation - Single Pile
PART I:
INTRODUCTION TO PILE
FOUNDATION
Nomenclature
Pile cap
Raker pile
Tie beam
Keywords: pile cap, piles, soft clay, sand, raker pile, batter pile
Indra S. Harahap/ EVB4013 VAB2073
Taxonomy
(1) Application
Reduce Vibrations
Problem
Solution
Embankment Pile
Uplift hydraulic
pressure
Keywords: slope stability, large diameter pile, steel pipe pile, failure
surface
Indra S. Harahap/ EVB4013 VAB2073
Concrete pile
Precast Concrete Pile
Concrete strength
Steel Pile
Steel H-Pile
Keywords: easy to drive, easy to cut, corrosion, expensive, splicing, soil plug,
driving shoe, steel plate
Indra S. Harahap/ EVB4013 VAB2073
Steel corrosion
Timber Piles
Characteristics
Keywords: advantages, difficulties, limit bearing capacity, soft clay, tip, shaft,
ground water, butt
Indra S. Harahap/ EVB4013 VAB2073
Pile splices
Driven pile
Installation method
Keywords: soft clay, heave, volume, soft clay, remoulded zone, pore water
pressure, undrained shear strength
Indra S. Harahap/ EVB4013 VAB2073
Bored Pile
Installation method
Keywords: casing, driving, casing filled with water, casing filled with
concrete, reinforcement
Indra S. Harahap/ EVB4013 VAB2073
Keywords: casing, driving, casing filled with water, casing filled with
concrete, reinforcement
Indra S. Harahap/ EVB4013 VAB2073
Keywords: bells
Indra S. Harahap/ EVB4013 VAB2073
Jacked-Down Pile
Installation method
Keywords: steel shell, steel cone, light bulb, reinforcement cage, casting of concrete
Indra S. Harahap/ EVB4013 VAB2073
Franki pile
Keywords: concrete plug, bulb, internal hammer, prefabricated shaft, light casing
Indra S. Harahap/ EVB4013 VAB2073
PART II.
PILE BEARING CAPACITY
ANALYSIS
Keywords: load, displacement, soft clay, stiff clay, sand, cast in place
pile, driven pile, with bell
Indra S. Harahap/ EVB4013 VAB2073
Based soil strength parameters obtained from laboratory test. Pile bearing capacity
is established based on general bearing capacity equation of shallow foundation.
B. Empirical Method
Based on field-testing method and empirical correlation from loading test. Empirical
relationship has been developed between SPT, CPT and Swedish Sounding with
pile bearing capacity.
C. Dynamic Method
Based on observation during pile driving. Response during pile driving reflects soil
resistance encounter by the pile. Pile ultimate resistance is determined taking into
account pile driving equipment, response during pile driving and other soil
parameters.
A. ANALYTICAL METHOD
A.1. Introduction
(1) Direction of Pile Loading
Omitted because
small compare to
overburden
Bearing Capacity
Pile resistance for pile in sand mostly contributed by overburden
pressure v.
The following assumptions for determination of pile capacity in
sand are:
The friction angle exist and cohesion equal to zero (=, c=0)
Pile length L, much bigger than pile diameter, as such the
contribution of pile resistance from gamma is negligible.
There are several bearing capacity factors Nq has been proposed:
Controlling factors
Lateral pressure exerted by soil on pile surface depend
on the following factors:
Disturbance and the nature of disturbance to
surrounding pile during pile construction. Driven pile
cause compaction (loose to medium sand and soft to
medium clay) or dilation (dense sand or overconsolidated
clay.
The inclination of side (straight side or tapered).
Critical depth
Lambda-Method
A.6. Summary
Summary
Soil
Type
Point Resistance
Q p q p Ap
Shaft Resistance
Qs As f s
Sand
q p qN q'
or
1 2
qp
K o qN q'
3
f s K a v'
Clay
q p 9cu
Note:
f s c u
f s v'
f s ( v' 2cu )
B. EMPIRICAL METHOD
End resistance
Shaft friction
Keywords: cone penetration test, friction sleeve small displacement pile, large
displacement pile
Indra S. Harahap/ EVB4013 VAB2073
Failure Mode of
Horizontally Loaded Piles