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Database Management Systems

Lecture 1: Introduc7on to Database Concepts
Salam Khanji
College of Informa7on Security Engineering Technology
Abu Dhabi Polytechnic

Outline
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Define Database

Define Database Management System (DBMS)

DBMS Functionalities

DBMS Components

Database Terminology

Structured Query Language (SQL)

Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)

ERD Example

What is a Database (DB) ?

n

A database is a collection ofinformation that is organized so

that it can easily be accessed, managed, and updated.

It typically contains aggregations of data records or files,

such as sales transactions, product catalogs and inventories,
and customer profiles.

Typically, data within a database is organized in tables of

rows and columns

A database manager provides users the capabilities of

controlling read/write access, specifying report generation,
and analyzing usage.

What is Database? Cont.

Database Management System (DBMS): software that

administers one or more Databases.

Database Administrator (DBA): person or group that

manages the DBMS.

Is MS-Access a Database or a DBMS ?

Database Management
n

Essential to success of information system

DBMS functionalities:
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Organize data
Store and retrieve data efficiently

Manipulate data (update and delete)

Enforce referential integrity and consistency

Enforce and implement data security policies and procedures

Back up, recover, and restore data

Database Management (continued)

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DBMS components include:

n
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Data
Hardware

Software
Networks

Procedures

Database servers

Database Management (continued)

+ Introduction to DB - Terminology
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Relation = Table

Tuples = Rows

Cardinality = Number of Rows of a Relation

Degree = Number of Columns of a Relation

Attribute = named column of a relation.

Domain = set of allowable values for one or more attributes.

Relational Database = is a set of tables containing data fitted

into predefined categories.

It was invented byE. F. Coddat IBM in 1970.

+ Database Sample
n

The student named Cooke is in class number 10 in which

Chemistry 101 is being taught.

Structured Query Language

SQL

+ SQL
n

Is a special-purpose programming language used designed

for managing data held in the relational database
management systems (RDBMS).

SQL examples: MySQL, SQLite for mobiles, Oracle SQL

It consists of:
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Data Definition Language (DDL): to create tables or

relations.

Data Manipulation Language (DML): to select (read),

update, insert, or delete data in the database.

Data Control Language (DCL): to control the access

(Authorization) to the database. It offers to grant or
revoke privileges from users of the database.

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+ DDL
n

Statements that are used to build and modify the structure of

your tables and other objects in the database. When you
execute a DDL statement, it takes effect immediately.

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+ DML
n

Statements that are used to work with the data in tables.

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En7ty Rela7onship Diagram

ERD

+ ERD
n

Is a chart that visually represents the relationship between

database entities.

ERDs model an organizations data storage requirements with

three main components: entities, attributes, and
relationships.

There are 3 ingredients in a standard entity-relationship

diagram:
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Entities: which represent people, places, items, events, or

concepts.

Attributes: which represent properties or descriptive qualities

of an entity. These are also known as data elements.

Relationships: which represent the link between different

entities.

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ERD Cont.

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How to Draw ERD

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Example:

A database which defines students, registered classes, and their

grades.
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Define entities:

Student Class Grades.

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Define attributes for each entity:

Student: Number Name Email address

Class: Number Name Term
Grades: Student Class Grades.

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How to Draw ERD Cont.

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Example:

A database which defines students, registered classes, and their

grades.
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Define relationships:

A student can be registered in N number of classes.

A student can be registered once in a class.
A student can have one final grade per each class.

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How to Draw ERD Cont.

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Define symbols:

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How to Draw ERD Cont.

Number

Number
Name

Name

Email

Term
Registers

Student

Class

has

Class
student
grades

Grades
Grade

St. No.
Class No

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How to Draw ERD Cont.

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Database Tables

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Thank you Questions?